cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In case of death, cling to the ingroup

An experiment investigated whether the enhanced importance of the ingroup as a consequence of the salience of death thoughts is a unconscious defense mechanism. Scottish participants were subliminally primed with either the word death or field. Subsequently, they were asked to classify a series of pictures as either English or Scottish, and to state whether a series of negative traits applied to the English or not. Results showed that participants primed with the word death were more likely to exclude targets that looked more like outgroup than ingroup members, than participants in the field (control) prime condition. The pattern observed on the categorization-latency also supported the claim that death-prime participants are more careful in classifying targets. Finally, death-prime participants also conveyed more negative, stereotypical judgments of the English in a trait attribution task. The implications of the results are discussed in relation to terror management theory and social identification phenomena. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A media-access protocol for WDM star-coupler networks with non-equidistant stations

Proposes a new media-access protocol for WDM star coupler networks of which the stations have arbitrary distances to the star coupler. The network architecture is called CC-FTFT-FRTR, in which each station sends packets at a unique wavelength using a fixed-tuned transmitter and receives packets using a tunable receiver. The authors propose a novel synchronization scheme which allows stations to have arbitrary (or dynamic) propagation delays to the star coupler. In addition, a new control signalling scheme is also presented to lower the signalling bandwidth demand. A new protocol, called systolic sliding windows (SSW), can yield the same throughput as the protocols in Chen and Yum (1991) and Chipalkatti et al. (1993); compared to the conventional approach that extra delay lines are used to make all stations have the same propagation delay to the star coupler, this protocol is capable of coping with the dynamic change of propagation delays from the stations to the star coupler, incurs less network delay, and requires no accurate measurement of propagation delays from stations to the star coupler. It is the first single-hop protocol based on CC-FTFT-FRTR structure that can achieve higher throughput than DT-WDMA for networks of which the stations can have arbitrary or dynamic propagation delays to the star coupler.
Non-pharmacologic prevention of surgical wound infection.

Surgical site infections are among the most common serious perioperative complications. Infections are established during a decisive period lasting a few hours after contamination. Adequacy of host immune defenses is the primary factor determining whether inevitably wound contamination progresses into a clinical infection. As it turns out, many determinants of infection risk are under the direct control of anesthesiologists — factors that are at least as important as prophylactic antibiotics. Major outcome studies demonstrate that the risk of surgical wound infection is reduced three-fold simply by keeping patients normothermic. Infection risk is reduced by an additional factor of two by providing supplemental oxygen (80% vs. 30%) during surgery and for the initial hours after surgery. The contribution, if any, of other factors including tight glucose control, fluid management, and mild hypercapnia have yet to be suitably tested. But it is clear that anesthesiologists can substantially reduce the risk of wound infection simply by providing supplemental oxygen and keeping patients normothermic.
A novel decomposition of multilevel relations into single-level relations

Presents a novel decomposition algorithm that breaks a multilevel relation into single-level relations and a novel recovery algorithm which reconstructs the original multilevel relation from the decomposed single-level relations. There are several novel aspects to these decomposition and recovery algorithms which provide substantial advantages over previous proposals. The algorithms are formulated in the context of an operational semantics for multilevel relations, defined here by generalizing the usual update operations of structured query language (SQL) to multilevel relations. The algorithms, with minor modifications, can easily accommodate alternative update semantics which have been proposed in the literature. The algorithms are efficient because recovery is based solely on union-like operations without any use of joins. The decomposition is intuitively and theoretically simple, giving a sound basis for correctness. >
Distributed Architectures and Implementations of Observer Based Controllers for Performance Optimization

In this paper we address the problem of synthesizing controllers that have to be implemented distributively and have structure. The effect of sub-controller to sub-controller communication noise on stability and performance is considered. Using an observer based controller parameterization, we provide suitable stabilizing sub-controller architectures that directly take into account the effect of communication noise on performance. In particular, the overall performance optimization can be cast as a convex problem in the Youla-Kucera parameter Q. Similar results hold for banded controller structures, i.e., when there is also a delay in the subsystem to subsystem communication
Modeling of fire spread through probabilistic networks

Abstract The postflashover fire spread from room to room is treated in a stochastic analysis beginning with the development of a probabilistic network, and followed by a method of solving the network for discrete probability distributions. The first step in this analysis is the construction of a graph representing a space in which the rooms are nodes, and the walls and other fire barriers are links between the nodes. The space network graph is then transformed into a probabilistic network by introducing one node for representing the preflashover state and another node for representing the postflashover state of each room with the link between them representing the probability of flashover and the time characteristic to flashover. Each link between a flashed-over room and an adjacent space has a probability of the barrier being breached and a characteristic time of fire resistance. The probabilistic network is then solved by creating an “equivalent network” which has multiple links between the nodes to represent the uncertainty intrinsic to fire spread. For instance, a door may be open or closed. This would be represented by two links, one with the probability of the door being open with a characteristic time of zero, and the other with the probability of the door being closed with the time associated with the fire resistance of the door. The analysis of the possible flow through equivalent networks is discussed and the probability of a source node connecting with the sink node as well as the expected shortest travel time are calculated. Finally a numerical example is solved in which the source node is the room of origin of a fire, and the sink node is a section of the corridor which is critical to the escape of the occupants in nearby rooms Two cases are developed, one with “5-minute” doors and the other with “20-minute” doors and automatic closures. A different fire scenario is shown to be represented by each path through the equivalent network, and the probability and characteristic time for each of these scenarios is also calculated. The consequence of the changing to a 20-minute door is presented in quantitative terms and the probability of the door being open is used as a sensitivity parameter.
A process for making clean gas discharge tubes

Tube assemblies of forsterite ceramic and titanium are outgassed and then sealed together with reactive alloys in an atmosphere of the noble gas with which they are to be filled. The gettering action of the hot titanium results in a very pure gas filling. Examples of gas tubes constructed by this new process include voltage regulators, voltage reference tubes, thyratrons, and spark gaps. This method of making ceramic-metal seals in an inert atmosphere may be applied to the production of ceramic-metal sub-assemblies and tube types that do not require gas filling or evacuation at the time of assembly. The fact that a vacuum system is not required to make these seals, and that the cooling time is shorted by convection currents, results in simplification of equipment and reduction of expense and should extend the usefulness of this type of ceramic-metal sealing.
Depth characterization of shallow aquifers with seismic reflection, Part I—The failure of NMO velocity analysis and quantitative error prediction

As seismic reflection data become more prevalent as input for quantitative environmental and engineering studies, there is a growing need to assess and improve the accuracy of reflection processing methodologies. It is common for compressional-wave velocities to increase by a factor of four or more where shallow, unconsolidated sediments change from a dry or partially water-saturated regime to full saturation. While this degree of velocity contrast is rare in conventional seismology, it is a common scenario in shallow environments and leads to significant problems when trying to record and interpret reflections within about the first 30 m below the water table. The problem is compounded in shallow reflection studies where problems primarily associated with surface-related noise limit the range of offsets we can use to record reflected energy. For offset-to-depth ratios typically required to record reflections originating in this zone, the assumptions of NMO velocity analysis are violated, leading to very large errors in depth and layer thickness estimates if the Dix equation is assumed valid. For a broad range of velocity profiles, saturated layer thickness will be overestimated by a minimum of 10% if the boundary of interest is 100%) if the saturated layer is <10 m thick. This degree of error has a significant and negative impact if quantitative interpretations of aquifer geometry are used in aquifer evaluation such as predictive groundwater flow modeling or total resource estimates.
The missing data matrix.

Abstract : The report deals with a multiple regression approach to the estimation of missing elements in a data matrix. Three types of missing data matrices are discussed and methods for their analysis are presented. Computational equations together with mathematical proofs are included. (Author)
Comparing the Convective Structure and Microphysics in Two Sahelian Mesoscale Convective Systems: Radar Observations and CRM Simulations

AbstractTwo mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) observed during the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA) experiment are simulated using the three-dimensional (3D) Goddard Cumulus Ensemble model. This study was undertaken to determine the performance of the cloud-resolving model in representing distinct convective and microphysical differences between the two MCSs over a tropical continental location. Simulations are performed using 1-km horizontal grid spacing, a lower limit on current embedded cloud-resolving models within a global multiscale modeling framework. Simulated system convective structure and microphysics are compared to radar observations using contoured frequency-by-altitude diagrams (CFADs), calculated ice and water mass, and identified hydrometeor variables. Vertical distributions of ice hydrometeors indicate underestimation at the mid- and upper levels, partially due to the inability of the model to produce adequate system heights. The abundance of high-reflectivity values be...
The Differential Diagnosis of Sinonasal/Nasopharyngeal Neuroendocrine/Neuroectodermally Derived Tumors

Context.— The differential diagnosis of neuroendocrine neoplasms arising in the sinonasal tract is broad and includes lesions of epithelial, mesenchymal, and neuroectodermal origin. Objective.— To review the differential diagnosis of sinonasal neuroendocrine and neuroectodermally derived tumors. Data Sources.— The current literature was reviewed to provide updated information regarding the differential diagnosis and means for diagnosing neuroendocrine tumors including sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma, olfactory neuroblastoma, malignant melanoma, paraganglioma, pituitary adenoma, and Ewing family of tumors. Conclusions.— The differential diagnosis of neoplasms with neuroendocrine differentiation in the sinonasal tract is broad, and diagnosis often includes not only histologic review but also immunohistochemical or molecular analysis.
Re-Interpreting American Class Action Procedure: The United States Supreme Court Speaks

At the end of the twentieth century, the United States Supreme Court decided two landmark cases dealing with the American class action rule, Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23. These decisions, Amchem Products, Inc. v. Windsor and Ortiz v. Fibreboard Corp., are of tremendous significance for American class action jurisprudence because the Supreme Court has not addressed the class action rule in more than a dozen years. Thus, the Court’s re-examination and re-interpretation of class action procedure has set forth standards that will govern American class action litigation for decades to come.The Court’s decisions are signally important for various reasons. During the decade in which the Supreme Court entertained no appeals relating to class action procedure, the lower federal courts experienced a renaissance in class action litigation. Thus, as class action litigation increased, attorneys in this period creatively expanded use of the class action rule, particularly to attempt to resolve aggregate mass tort litigation. In absence of guidance from the Supreme Court the lower federal courts articulated an expansive jurisprudence relating to the class action rule.By the early 1990s the innovative efforts of attorneys and courts to use the class action rule to resolve mass tort litigation culminated in two highly controversial “global” (that is, nationwide) class action settlements of asbestos claims. These two asbestos class settlements, which federal trial courts in Pennsylvania and Texas approved as fair and reasonable, formed the basis for the historic Amchem and Ortiz appeals to the United States Supreme court. These two innovative global asbestos settlements offered the Supreme Court the opportunity to re-examine and define the proper scope and application of Rule 23.The Court’s two decisions in Amchem and Ortiz must be understood in relation to the 1966Rule 23 amendments, which effectively created modern American class action procedure. The American class action rule was first promulgated in 1938. The Advisory Committee on Civil Rules completely revised Rule 23 in the early 19060s to create a more flexible and functional rule, and Congress enacted the proposed rule amendments in 1966. The Amchem and Ortiz decisions represent the Court’s efforts to interpret the intent and scope of the 1966 amendments to the class action rule.
Deep eye fixation map learning for calibration-free eye gaze tracking

The existing eye trackers typically require an explicit personal calibration procedure to estimate subject-dependent eye parameters. Despite efforts in simplifying the calibration process, such a calibration process remains unnatural and bothersome, in particular for users of personal and mobile devices. To alleviate this problem, we introduce a technique that can eliminate explicit personal calibration. Based on combining a new calibration procedure with the eye fixation prediction, the proposed method performs implicit personal calibration without active participation or even knowledge of the user. Specifically, different from traditional deterministic calibration procedure that minimizes the differences between the predicted eye gazes and the actual eye gazes, we introduce a stochastic calibration procedure that minimizes the differences between the probability distribution of the predicted eye gaze and the distribution of the actual eye gaze. Furthermore, instead of using saliency map to approximate eye fixation distribution, we propose to use a regression based deep convolutional neural network (RCNN) that specifically learns image features to predict eye fixation. By combining the distribution based calibration with the deep fixation prediction procedure, personal eye parameters can be estimated without explicit user collaboration. We apply the proposed method to both 2D regression-based and 3D model-based eye gaze tracking methods. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms other implicit calibration methods and achieve comparable results to those that use traditional explicit calibration methods.
Selection and Beak-Trimming Effects on Behavior, Cannibalism, and Short-Term Production Traits in White Leghorn Pullets

Abstract Pallets of stocks derived from the North Central Randombred White Leghorn population without selection (C) or selected (S) on family performance when kept with beaks intact in multiple-hen cages were compared. Pullets had intact, one-fourth, or one-half of the beak removed (IN, 1/4R, and 1/2R, respectively). No stock differences were detected for behavior traits or other measures during the rearing period. However, beak-trimmed pullets were more inactive and feeding behavior was depressed in 1/2R pullets 1 wk after beak trimming. At 16 wk, 1/4R pullets' beaks had regrown but 1/2R pullets' beaks continued to be shorter than IN pullets' beaks. No differences in fearfulness were found between genetic stocks or among beak length treatments early in the laying period. Deaths from beak-inflicted injuries accumulated steadily from 18 wk until the study was ended at 40 wk. Cannibalistic deaths occurred less frequently in S as compared with C pullets within each beak treatment. As the amount of beak removal increased, beak-inflicted mortality decreased. The S pullets had earlier sexual maturity, lighter egg weights, and greater hen-housed egg production and egg mass than C pullets, and 1/2R pullets had greater egg production than 1/4R and IN pullets. Genetic stock by age and beak treatment by age interactions were present for hen-housed production and egg mass, and the interactions appeared to result primarily from increased mortality from cannibalistic pecking with increased age.
Mitochondrial dna restriction fragment length polymorphisms infusarium oxysporum f. sp.niveum

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) extracts from 13 isolatesof Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.niveum, including 12 from widely separated geographic regions within the United States and representing the three races, and one race 2 isolate from Israel, were examined for the presence of plasmid DNA and were also subjected to restriction endonucleases analysis. None of the mtDNA from any isolate had a copurifying plasmid. The estimated size of mtDNA fromF. o. f. sp.niveum race 0, calculated as the average of the sum of restriction fragment sizes, was 45.1 ± 2.2 kb. The restriction enzymesBamHI, EcoRI, Hpal, HindIII andMbol resolved 2, 4, 9, 21, and more than 40 fragments, respectively, but no polymorphisms were observed among the 13 isolates with any of these endonucleases. However, PstI digestion showed three distinct polymorphic patterns among the isolates. Each appeared to derive from point mutations that resulted in a change of one or more restriction sites. The most common pattern was present in nine of the isolates (three of race 0, four of race 1, and two of race 2) and included a 1.5 kb fragment. A second polymorphic pattern occurred in three USA isolates (one each of race 0, race 1 and race 2) and was characterized by an apparent replacement of the 1.5 kb fragment by 0.6 and 0.9 kb fragments. The Israeli isolate [ISL-59(73) race 2| had a unique pattern lacking the 1.5 and 2.0 kb fragments present in the common pattern and, instead, had 0.6, 0.9 and 3.0 kb fragments. The mtDNA polymorphisms observed among the USA isolates were not correlated with either pathological race or geographic region of origin.
The schizophrenic patient and depressive symptomatology

The present research provides data to evaluate the hypothesis that during the postpsychotic period of schizophrenic patients a depressive reaction frequently appears. Data are presented on 80 consecutive psychiatric admissions (44 patients with acute schizophrenic reactions and 36 depressed patients were studied for comparative purposes). The results on depressive feelings in these patients were gathered from three sources: 1) standardized weekly rating scales by psychiatrists; 2) standardized daily nurses' ratings; and 3) subjective ratings. We conclude from self-reports of depressive feelings and observational reports by nurses and physicians that these schizophrenic patients do not show what has been described as a depressive reaction in the recovery period or what has been termed the “postpsychotic period.” It is suggested that the clinical data responsible for this impression are related to the schizophrenic's defect in affect and, in some settings, to the recognition of depressive features which have always been present and are actually decreasing. In the past these depressive symptoms have sometimes been overshadowed by the more florid psychotic symptoms. The theoretical implications of this are discussed.
The Design of Nuclear Spectrum Data Processing Based on the Technology of ARM and Touch Screen

Considering the traditional nuclear spectrum data processing system based on PC which has a lot shortcomings,such as high power consumption,large volume and not suit for site operation,etc.Start from the user-friendly design in this paper,the portable nuclear spectrum data processing system based on ARM embedded processor and serial touch screen has been completed.The system has the function that spectral data display,energy calibration,spectrum smooth,peak searching,peak area calculation and energy calculation.So ARM embedded and touch technology have good development prospects in the field of nuclear instrument.
An electric field assembler system for micro-nanofabrication of energy storage materials

Traditional methods have limitations for the fabrication of micro-ordered batteries for use in a variety of applications including biomedical and healthcare devices. A new micro-nanofabrication method and system that combines deposition, layering, and patterning processes has now been developed for production of micro-ordered energy storage battery devices and materials. Here, we show an electrical field directed (EFD) deposition array device with a 500 μm active assembly area containing 25 microelectrodes. Using EFD assembly, we demonstrated the patterned deposition of graphite mixtures in water-based and solvent-based solutions. The graphite mixture patterns were confirmed by SEM imaging.
Aging and the endocrine system

Blood pressure is maintained for preventing from the progression of damage of central nervous system. Endocrine system plays important roles in the prevention from the damage through the functional deviation. Hypertension is one of the results of the endocrinological deviation. Although the hypertension induced by the endocrinological deviation is a risk for the progression of metabolic syndrome, it is important in the maintaining activity of central nervous system.
Gender preference and age at arrival among Asian immigrant mothers in the US

We examine gender preference assimilation by comparing fertility patterns of Asian immigrants according to their age at arrival. Past work has shown that U.S. natives appear to value mixed sex composition whereas families in many Asian countries exhibit a strong son preference. We find that Asian immigrants who arrive to the US late in life show evidence of son preference since they are much more likely to have additional children if their first two children are girls. Asian immigrants who arrive early in life, however, exhibit a fertility pattern quite close to that of U.S. natives. Our results are suggestive of complete assimilation of gender preferences for immigrants who arrive as children, and very little gender preference assimilation for immigrants who arrive at later ages.
Abstract 562: Alterations in chromatin remodeling pathways as a predictive biomarker of cisplatin therapy in non-small cell lung cancer

BRG1 (SMARCA4) and BRM (SMARCA2) are two important catalytic (ATPase) components of the mammalian chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF. Alterations of these components have been implicated in many cancers including lung, prostate, pancreatic, breast, and colon. Several studies have reported that both BRG1 and BRM actively participate in DNA damage repair by inducing phosphorylation of γ-H2AX, stimulating nucleotide excision repair, and also regulating interstand cross-link repair. BRG1 is frequently deleted in many primary tumors and lung cancer cell lines. Therefore, we hypothesized that reduced DNA repair capacity due to loss of BRG1 may enhance the sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents and may serve as predictive biomarkers of sensitivity for these agents. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between BRG1 and/or BRM alterations and the outcome of platinum-based chemoradiation in resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Using the gene profiling of the patient tumor samples from the North American Intergroup phase III trial of adjuvant cisplatin plus vinorelbine (JBR.10), we found that patients with low BRG1 (SMARCA4) or low BRM (SMARCA2) had significantly longer overall survival (OS) if they had adjuvant chemotherapy (both p This study was supported by funds from the Lung Cancer Research Foundation (to EB), the Paul P. Carbone Memorial Foundation (to EB), The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center (to AC); NIH/NCI 1U10CA180850-01(to AC); NIH/NCI 1RC2CA148190 (to AC); NIH/NCI 2K12CA133250-06 (to AC); NIH/NCI/CTEP 1R01CA169368 (to AC); NIH/NCI 1R01CA11522358 (to AC), and RTOG (to AC). Citation Format: Erica Hlavin Bell, Arup Ratan Chakraborty, Xiaokui Molly Mo, David Carbone, Arnab Chakravarti. Alterations in chromatin remodeling pathways as a predictive biomarker of cisplatin therapy in non-small cell lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 562. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-562
Achieving accuracy in transistor and thyristor modeling

There has been a great deal of progress both in the area of device modeling as well as in quantifying many of the physical phenomena operating in-silicon. However, there are questions as to the consistency of the various models and there are uncertainties in as to the formulations of many of the important physical phenomena. In this paper the consistency between the present "exact" theory and three other models will be examined in the context of analyzing a diode, transistor, and a thyristor. In addition, the significance of the differences in the various band gap narrowing formulations will be investigated. The connection between doping and SRH lifetime, the importance of Auger recombination in bipolar transistors, a formulation for carrier-carrier scattering, and the temperature dependence of the carrier mobilities will also be studied.
Assessing the Potential for Bias From Nonresponse to a Study Follow-up Interview: An Example From the Agricultural Health Study

Prospective cohort studies are important tools for identifying causes of disease. However, these studies are susceptible to attrition. When information collected after enrollment is through interview or exam, attrition leads to missing information for nonrespondents. The Agricultural Health Study enrolled 52,394 farmers in 1993-1997 and collected additional information during subsequent interviews. Forty-six percent of enrolled farmers responded to the 2005-2010 interview; 7% of farmers died prior to the interview. We examined whether response was related to attributes measured at enrollment. To characterize potential bias from attrition, we evaluated differences in associations between smoking and incidence of 3 cancer types between the enrolled cohort and the subcohort of 2005-2010 respondents, using cancer registry information. In the subcohort we evaluated the ability of inverse probability weighting (IPW) to reduce bias. Response was related to age, state, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, smoking, and alcohol consumption. When exposure and outcome were associated and case response was differential by exposure, some bias was observed; IPW conditional on exposure and covariates failed to correct estimates. When response was nondifferential, subcohort and full-cohort estimates were similar, making IPW unnecessary. This example provides a demonstration of investigating the influence of attrition in cohort studies using information that has been self-reported after enrollment.
China's War Reporters: The Legacy of Resistance against Japan. By Parks M. Coble. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015. Pp. x, 267. $39.95.) : Book Review

The author of this book analyzes the evolving historical memory of the second Sino‐Japanese War through wartime reporting and commentaries as well as academic and popular literature written since t...
The Computing Framework and Calculations

The process of developing the computing framework for a budget-impact analysis includes making decisions about the computer model structure while accounting for available input data, necessary assumptions, and other model design requirements. The computing framework can be developed once the analytic framework for the budget-impact analysis has been determined, a detailed flow diagram has been created, and the methods for estimating input parameter values including population size, treatment mix, treatment-related costs, and condition-related costs have been determined. In general, a static cost-calculator model structure should be used whenever such a model can credibly capture the impact of the new drug on the decision maker’s budget. However, there are circumstances when accurately estimating budget impact requires the use of more complex calculations, such as the use of formal decision-analytic modeling techniques. These circumstances generally occur when a dynamic accounting of the treated population is necessary.
Development of a usability and functionality assessment tool for riding lawn equipment

Riding lawn equipment (RLE) is a common household appliance. Methods are needed for systematic evaluation of RLEs in order to promote usability and safety for users. Current RLE research and guidel...
Statistical datum corrections to measured water levels for achieving inter-gage consistency in a large seasonally ponded wetland

Accurate, consistent water surface elevations (stages) among gages within a large waterbody are essential for accurate hydrological analyses. This study developed and tested a process of statistical stage bias-correction and quantified corrections needed to maintain consistency among gages. Ponded conditions with consistent water-surface elevations were identified within an Everglades wetland area using four screening criteria: three-day antecedent rainfall ≤ 0.25 mm/day, seven-day antecedent rainfall ≤ 5.1 mm/week, mean stage change from prior day ≤ 0.15 m, and difference between median marsh and canal stages ≤ 0.015 m. Historical stage values were adjusted based on long-term mean inter-gage bias. Adjustments up to 0.0472 m were needed to offset mean inter-gage bias among 12 canal and five marsh gages. Bias-corrected stages improved consistency over an independent one-year period. These methods apply to deriving statistical bias-correction values in other seasonally ponded water bodies and identifying gages requiring datum maintenance.
Women's work

In World War I–era Britain, women could be found in a variety of new places, such as the munitions factories and military auxiliaries that have attracted the most attention by scholars to date. Less well known is women9s work in scientific fields. With A Lab of One9s Own , Patricia Fara aims to correct this imbalance, masterfully bringing to light women9s wartime contributions to these areas, as well as their efforts to improve women9s status in both science and society.
Self-tuning stochastic resonance energy harvester for smart tires

Energy harvesting from smart tire has been an influential topic for researchers over several years. In this paper, we propose novel energy harvester for smart tire taking advantage of adaptive tuning stochastic resonance. Compared to previous tire energy harvesters, it can generate large power and has wide bandwidth. Large power is achieved by stochastic resonance while wide-bandwidth is accomplished by adaptive tuning via centrifugal stiffening effect. Energy harvesting configuration for modulated noise is described first. It is an electromagnetic energy harvester consists of rotating beam subject to centrifugal buckling. Equation of motion for energy harvester is derived to investigate the effect of centrifugal stiffening. Numerical analysis was conducted to simulate response. The result show that high power is achieved with wide bandwidth. To verify the theoretical and simulation results, the experiment was conducted. Equivalent horizontal rotating platform is built to mimic tire environment. Experiment results showed good agreement with the numerical result with around 10% of errors, which verified feasibility of proposed harvester. Maximum power 1.8mW is achieved from 3:1 scale experiment setup. The equivalent working range of harvester is around 60-105 km/h which is typical speed for car in general road and highway.
The influence of quaternary structure on the stability of Fenna–Matthews–Olson (FMO) antenna complexes

The trimeric nature of the Fenna–Matthews–Olson (FMO) protein antenna complex from green sulfur phototrophic bacteria was investigated. Mutations were introduced into the protein at positions 142 and 198, which were chosen to destabilize the intra-trimer salt bridges between adjacent monomers. Strains bearing the mutations R142L, R198L, or their combination, exhibited altered optical absorption spectra of purified membranes and fluoresced more intensely than the wild type. In particular, the introduction of the R142L mutation resulted in slower culture growth rates, as well as an FMO complex that was not able to be isolated in appreciable quantities, while the R198L mutation yielded an FMO complex with increased sensitivity to sodium thiocyanate and Triton X-100 treatments. Native and denaturing PAGE experiments suggest that much of the FMO complexes in the mutant strains pool with the insoluble material upon membrane solubilization with n-dodecyl β-d-maltoside, a mild nonionic detergent. Taken together, our results suggest that the quaternary structure of the FMO complex, the homotrimer, is an important factor in the maintenance of the complex’s tertiary structure.
Ambulation With Femoral Arterial Cannulation Can Be Safely Performed on Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Background Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) support can be associated with significant deconditioning due to the requirement for strict bedrest as a result of femoral arterial cannulation. To address this issue, we evaluated our experience with ambulation in patients with peripheral femoral cannulation for VA-ECMO. Methods All patients that were peripherally cannulated for VA-ECMO over a 2-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Patients that ambulated at least once while supported with VA-ECMO were included in the analysis. The primary outcomes were safety and feasibility of ambulation, defined as the absence of major bleeding, vascular, or decannulation events. Results Of 104 patients placed on VA-ECMO, 15 ambulated with a femoral arterial cannula. Forty-six percent of patients were placed on VA-ECMO for decompensated heart failure, and 54% for massive pulmonary embolism. Twenty-seven percent of patients were cannulated during active cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The median length of time from cannulation to out of bed was 3 (range, 0 to 26) days. The median length of time from cannulation to initial ambulation was 4 (range, 1 to 42) days. The median distance of the first postcannulation walk was 300 feet. Neither flow nor speed decreased during or after ambulation. There were no major bleeding events, vascular complications, or decannulation events associated with ambulation. The median intensive care unit length of stay and hospital length of stay were 12 and 21 days, respectively. One-year survival was 100% for ambulating patients. Conclusions Ambulating patients supported with VA-ECMO, despite femoral arterial cannulation, appears feasible and safe in carefully selected patients.
Abstract WMP15: A Simple Tool to Predict Target Mismatch in Ischemic Stroke Patients with Anterior Circulation Occlusion

Introduction: The efficacy of endovascular thrombectomy in an extended time window for acute ischemic stroke patients with Target Mismatch (TM) on perfusion imaging was shown in a recent study and ...
Both Eastern and Western: An Intellectual History of Iranian Modernity

This book is an ambitious study of Iranian modernity through the lens of intellectual history. It tells the story of modern Iran by identifying the influential ideas that captured the imaginations ...
Statewide Trends in Intracranial Pressure Monitor Use in 36,915 Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in a Mature Trauma System over the Past 18 Years

Objective Intracranial pressure (ICP)–guided therapy has been the mainstay of treatment of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), but recent data have questioned its efficacy. The aim of this study was to demonstrate trends in compliance to TBI guidelines and use of ICP-guided care in a mature trauma system. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of 36,915 patients with severe TBI collected by the Pennsylvania Trauma Systems Foundation. The registry includes all patients >18 years old with a diagnosis of TBI with a Glasgow Coma Scale score ≤8 who were admitted from January 2000 to December 2017. Results Of 36,915 patients, 73.6% were men with a median age of 43.0 ± 21.3 years. An ICP monitor was placed in 16.3% of all patients. The rate of ICP monitoring ranged from 17.8% of patients in 2000–2004 to 16.7% in 2005–2009, 16.4% in 2010–2014, and 12.8% in 2015–2017 (P Conclusions As studies emerged that demonstrated unclear benefit of ICP monitoring in improving care in patients with severe TBI, there was a significant statewide decline in the use of ICP monitoring after 2014 among all TBI subpopulations despite noteworthy limitations in the aforementioned studies and clear recommendations from the Brain Trauma Foundation guidelines.
Cross-Ecosystem Effects of Agricultural Tile Drainage, Surface Runoff, and Selenium in the Prairie Pothole Region

The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of the United States and Canada is a vast network of wetlands that provide rich habitat for waterfowl and aquatic organisms. Much of the landscape surrounding these wetlands is dominated by agriculture, allowing for contaminants such as neonicotinoid insecticides and selenium to enter these water bodies following precipitation. We surveyed 18 wetlands in the PPR of South Dakota that were categorized as receiving surface runoff, tile drainage, or surrounded by grassland (control) for larval and adult insects and contaminant concentrations over two years. Selenium concentrations in the water, as well as in larval and adult insects were the biggest difference among our treatments, and concentrations of all three were approximately two times higher in tile drainage sites than in surface or control sites. For example, adult insect tissue concentrations were (μg/g, mean ± S.D.) 1.5 ± 1.3 in control sites, 1.7 ± 2.4 in surface runoff sites, and 4.4 ± 5.0 in tile drainage sites. Adult insects responded more sensitively to agricultural influences than larval insects, with up to 50% reductions in adult abundance in the tile drainage treatment even in the absence of larval population reductions. Reductions in adult populations in combination with the retention of selenium over metamorphosis indicate that agricultural influence in these wetlands may also affect the terrestrial ecosystem by reducing quantity and/or quality of insect prey for terrestrial consumers, such as waterfowl.
Violence as an Expression of Energy

The literary oeuvre of Marquis de Sade (1740–1814) has attracted a great deal of interest over the past 200 years, not only from writers, but also from numerous leading philosophers. Among them is ...
Ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL)-outcomes for 82 patients (pts) treated at a single center.

8071 Background: OALs comprise 1-2% of NHL and are extranodal marginal zone (EMZL) in 80% of cases. We present a retrospective review of 82 pts with OAL managed at the Cleveland Clinic between Janu...
Development and Contribution to Students’ Intercultural Skills: A Case Study of an International Collaborative Site

This work-in-progress research paper presents our experiences with an NSF-sponsored International Research Experiences for Undergraduates (IRES) program. A major component of the program is implemented at an international laboratory in China. The lab has been established in 2010 as a collaborative research platform, for a large land-grant university in the U.S. and a public comprehensive university in China, to study the biosonar sensing and flight of bats from an engineering perspective. The lab has pioneered work on the diversity and dynamics of the structures (noseleaves and ears) that bats use to emit and receive ultrasonic pulses In addition, the lab has hosted research experiences for international (primarily U.S.) students and collaborative BS/MS and MS/PhD educational programs. In the last two years, two cohorts of IRES scholars completed IRES 10-week program. In addition to research and technical experiences, the IRES students participated in several field trips and seminars and were exposed to Chinese culture. To better understand the impact of the program, students were invited to complete pre- and post-program surveys and a post-program interview. The surveys included cultural intelligence assessment, Global Competency Activity, and Sojourn Readiness Assessment. In addition, students answered a few open-ended questions about their technical and cultural experiences. In this paper, we first explain the history of the lab and its research and educational contribution to date. Then, we describe the IRES program and program evaluation measures. Finally, we focus on the influence of the program on students’ intercultural skills and present the results from interviews.
Antibacterial Amphiphilic Copolymers of Dimethylamino Ethyl Methacrylate and Methyl Methacrylate to Control Biofilm Adhesion for Antifouling Applications

Amphiphilic copolymers are recognized as important biomaterials and used as antibacterial agents due to their effective inhibition of bacterial growth. In current study, the amphiphilic copolymers of P(DMAEMA-co-MMA) were synthesized using free radical polymerization by varying the concentrations of hydrophilic monomer 2-dimethylamino ethylmethacrylate (DMAEMA) and hydrophobic monomer methyl methacrylate (MMA) having PDI value of 1.65–1.93. The DMAEMA monomer, through ternary amine with antibacterial property optimized copolymers, P(DMAEMA-co-MMA), compositions to control biofilm adhesion. Antibacterial activity of synthesized copolymers was elucidated against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and Gram-negative Escherchia coli (ATCC 8739) by disk diffusion method, and zones of inhibition were measured. The desired composition that was PDM1 copolymer had shown good zones of inhibition i.e., 19 ± 0.33 mm and 20 ± 0.33 mm for E. coli and S. aureus respectively. The PDM1 and PDM2 have exhibited significant control over bacterial biofilm adhesion as tested by six well plate method. SEM study of bacterial biofilm formation has illustrated that these copolymers act in a similar fashion like cationic biocide. These compositions viz. PDM1 and PDM2, may be useful in development of bioreactors, sensors, surgical equipment and drug delivery devices.
Emotional cartography as a window into children's well-being: Visualizing the felt geographies of place

Abstract More often than not, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) excludes emotion and qualitative analysis from studies of people-place relationships in favor of quantitative approaches. We employ emotional cartography as a form of qualitative GIS (qualGIS) to elevate emotions from the periphery to the center of dialogue about children's well-being. We highlight the ontological parallels between qualGIS, emotional cartography and children in society, and advance emotion maps as a way to visualize different spatial and emotional realities. In reflecting upon the felt geography of our own childhood places, we affirm the importance of children's emotional attachments to places as well as the centrality of ‘messy’ human experiences in GIS. To conclude, we discuss the implications of emotional cartography for researchers, planners and GIS, paying special attention to children's well-being amidst the current COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, this includes a call to ‘witness’ and to foster spatial empathy among those advocating for children.
A division of labor between two biotin protein ligase homologs

Group I biotin protein ligases (BPLs) catalyze the covalent attachment of biotin to its cognate acceptor proteins. In contrast, Group II BPLs have an additional N-terminal DNA-binding domain and function not only in biotinylation but also in transcriptional regulation of genes of biotin biosynthesis and transport. Most bacteria contain only a single biotin protein ligase, whereas Clostridium acetobutylicum contains two biotin protein ligase homologs: BplA and BirA'. Sequence alignments showed that BplA is a typical group I BPL, whereas BirA' lacked the C-terminal domain conserved throughout extant BPL proteins. This raised the questions of why two BPL homologs are needed and why the apparently defective BirA' has been retained. We have used in vivo and in vitro assays to show that BplA is a functional BPL whereas BirA' acts as a biotin sensor involved in transcriptional regulation of biotin transport. We also successfully converted BirA' into a functional biotin protein ligase with regulatory activity by fusing it to the C-terminal domain from BplA. Finally, we provide evidence that BplA and BirA' interact in vivo.