cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Innovative Products vs. Specialized Complementary Resources: The Determinants of Alliance Funding

We examine the effects alliance partners’ complementary asset possession have on the level of payments promised by funding firms (firms which provide money to develop prospective products) to the early stage technology ventures (young firms which uncover the new technology to be developed into a commercializable product). On the one hand, the value of the innovative idea under development by the early stage technology venture provides a meaningful bargaining position in contract negotiations. Thus, a more valuable innovative idea should generate larger promised remuneration for early stage technology firms upon signing an alliance agreement. However, established firms holding specialized complimentary assets can leverage those assets in such a way as to minimize the amount of money the early stage technology venture firm is likely to negotiate as part of the alliance contract. We examine the effects these two countervailing forces have on money promised to the early stage technology venture by the funding...
The Responsibility of Family Physicians to Our Transgender Patients

To mitigate the health disparities experienced by transgender persons, family physicians must use the resources available to take the lead in meeting the medical and social needs of these patients.
Exploiting Network-induced Correlation for Efficient Compression of PMU Data

Power systems across the world are deploying large numbers of high sampling rate synchronized phasor measurement units at the bulk transmission level. As PMUs generate large volumes of data, transmitting and storing this data for future studies becomes challenging. An attractive solution to this problem is to compress the data using efficient compression algorithms. This paper presents a novel lossy compression algorithm which utilizes the characteristics of power system measurements to improve the compression. Specifically, ideas from image compression are adapted to exploit the spatio-temporal correlations induced by the network in the measurement data. The effectiveness of the compression algorithm is judged based on the space savings and accuracy of data reconstruction. The results presented show that compression ratios as high as 95:1 can be achieved using the algorithm.
Research productivity of Doctor of Physical Therapy faculty promoted in the Western United States

Little information exists on the research productivity of successfully promoted tenure-track Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) faculty. Publicly available curriculum vitae (CV) were collected from tenure-track DPT faculty who were promoted in the western United States between 2000 and 2016 in order to identify research productivity of promoted DPT faculty through publication count, journal impact factor, funding, citations, and other metrics. Forty-two subjects from 16 of the 56 CAPTE accredited DPT programs in the west were included. The faculty included in the study exhibited a median publication count of 3, ranging from 0 to 18; median of average citation count of 25.5, ranging from 0 to 752; median of average journal impact factor of 2.603, ranging from 0 to 8.330; median external funding received of $0.00, ranging from $0.00 to $3,270,000; and median author h-index of 2, ranging from 0 to 13. The median number of years before promotion was 6, ranging from 4 to 21 years. Prior to promotion 57% (24 of 46) did not receive external funding and 21% (9 of 46) had a 0 h-index. Linear regression analysis indicates a poor fit with no significant correlation overall between years before promotion and the studied metrics (p = 0.480). Carnegie classification of the institution did not significantly correlate overall with faculty research productivity (p = 0.307). CVs were non-uniformly distributed across institutions, and faculty unsuccessful in promotion were not identifiable using this method. The broad range and non-normal distribution of research productivity metrics indicates other factors are considered for successful promotion.
A Comparison of Word-Recognition Performances on the Auditec and VA Recorded Versions of Northwestern University Auditory Test No. 6 by Young Listeners with Normal Hearing and by Older Listeners with Sensorineural Hearing Loss Using a Randomized Presentation-Level Paradigm

Background The Auditec of St. Louis and the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) recorded versions of the Northwestern University Auditory Test No. 6 (NU-6) are in common usage. Data on young adults with normal hearing for pure tones (YNH) demonstrate equal recognition performances on the two versions when the VA version is presented 5 dB higher but similar data on older listeners with sensorineural hearing loss (OHL) are lacking. Purpose To compare word-recognition performances on the Auditec and VA versions of NU-6 presented at six presentation levels with YNH and OHL listeners. Research design A quasi-experimental, repeated-measures design was used. Study sample Twelve YNH (M = 24.0 years; PTA = 9.9-dB HL) and 36 OHL listeners (M = 71.6 years; PTA = 26.7-dB HL) participated in three, one-hour sessions. Data collection and analyses Each listener received 100 stimulus words that were randomized by 6 presentation levels for each of two speakers (YNH, -2 to 28-dB SL; OHL, -2 to 38-dB SL). The sessions were limited to 25 practice and 400 experimental words. Digital versions of the 16, 25-word tracks for each session were alternated between speakers. Results Each of the 48 listeners had higher recognition performances on the Auditec version of NU-6 than on the VA version. The respective overall recognition performances on the Auditec and VA versions were 71.4% and 64.1% (YNH) and 68.7% and 58.2% (OHL). At the highest presentation levels, recognition performances on the two versions differed by only 0.5% (YNH) and 3.3% (OHL). At the 50% correct point, performances on the Auditec version were 3.2 dB (YNH) and 6.1 dB (OHL) better than those on the VA version. The slopes at the 50% points on the mean functions for both speakers were about 4.9%/dB (YNH) and 3.0%/dB (OHL); however, the slopes evaluated from the individual listener data were steeper, 5.2 to 5.3%/dB (YNH) and 3.3 to 3.5%/dB (OHL). When the individual data were transformed from dB SL to dB HL, the differences between the two listener groups were emphasized. The four functions (2 speakers by 2 listener groups) were plotted for each of the 48 participants and each of the 200 words, which revealed the gamut of relations among the datasets. Examination of the data for each speaker across test sessions, in the traditional 50-word lists, and in the typically used 25-word lists of Randomization A revealed no differences of clinical concern. Finally, introspective reports from the listeners revealed that 91.7% and 83.3% of the YNH and OHL listeners, respectively, thought the Auditec speaker was easier to understand than the VA speaker. Recognition performances on each participant and on each word are presented.
Blossom: A Handcrafted Open-Source Robot

Blossom is an open-source social robotics platform responding to three challenges in human-robot interaction (HRI) research: (1) Designing, manufacturing, and programming social robots requires a high level of technical knowledge; (2) social robot designs are fixed in appearance and movement capabilities, making them hard to adapt to a specific application; and (3) the use of rigid mechanisms and hard outer shells limits the robots’ expressive capabilities. Addressing these challenges, Blossom aims at three design objectives: accessibility, flexibility, and expressiveness. The robot’s mechanism can be quickly assembled and partially extended by end-users. Blossom’s appearance is open-ended through handcrafted fabric exteriors created and customized by users. Smooth organic movements are achieved with tensile mechanisms, elastic components, and a soft exterior cover attached loosely to the body. Blossom’s smartphone-based gesture generation requires neither programming nor character animation experience, allowing lay users to create their own behaviors. All elements in the design were conceived with a low barrier-of-entry in mind. The result is an accessible and customizable social robot for researchers. This article details the implementation of Blossom’s design and demonstrates the platform’s potential through four field deployment case studies.
Perceived responsiveness in text messaging: The role of emoji use

Abstract This research investigated how emojis can be used in text messaging to communicate perceived responsiveness, guide impression formation, and contribute to reflected appraisal. Participants (N = 179) disclosed a positive and negative event to a responder (a confederate) over iMessage. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either text only responses or a mixture of text and emoji responses from the responder. For positive self-disclosures, participants had higher ratings of perceived responsiveness when there was convergence in emoji use between the participant and responder than when there was divergence. In other words, participants rated the confederate higher in responsiveness when both or neither used emojis (converged) than when only one used emojis (diverged). There were no effects of emoji use on perceived responsiveness for negative self-disclosures. Additionally, following the set of interactions, participants had more positive impressions of the responder and more positive perceptions of how the responder felt towards the participant (reflected appraisal) when there was convergence rather than divergence in emoji use. Discussion centers around whether emojis can serve as a substitute for nonverbal cues typically found in face-to-face conversations.
The prenatal causes of slight lateral ventricular enlargement in healthy infants

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prenatal causes of slight lateral ventricular enlargement in healthy infants.Methods: We examined 1089 healthy infants who weighed at least 200...
PopupCAD: a tool for automated design, fabrication, and analysis of laminate devices

Recent advances in laminate manufacturing techniques have driven the development of new classes of millimeter-scale sensorized medical devices, robots capable of terrestrial locomotion and sustained flight, and new techniques for sensing and actuation. Recently, the analysis of laminate micro-devices has focused more manufacturability concerns and not on mechanics. Considering the nature of such devices, we draw from existing research in composites, origami kinematics, and finite element methods in order to identify issues related to sequential assembly and self-folding prior to fabrication as well as the stiffness of composite folded systems during operation. These techniques can be useful for understanding how such devices will bend and flex under normal operating conditions, and when added to new design tools like popupCAD, will give designers another means to develop better devices throughout the design process.
Symptomatic cardiopulmonary cement embolism following vertebroplasty.

An 86-year-old woman with history of bronchial asthma and debilitating back pain from multiple vertebral compression fractures underwent polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement-augmented vertebroplasty at T4, T5, T6, T7, T11 and T12 vertebral levels. This was performed as an ambulatory hospital
You Can Give Me Something

A 50-year-old bald, elderly looking, white male with a gray-white unkempt beard, worn light jeans, and a white button-down shirt was sitting nonchalantly in the examination room when I walked in. He was new to our practice and he had an agenda. I could not take a breath or ask a question as he started with his story. He was in a motor vehicle accident 20 years ago, had undergone back surgery, and was now in pain management, being treated with chronic opiates. He had been on fentanyl patches and hydromorphone; recently, his pain management physician had decreased his doses. He wanted opiates from me. As he told his story he stood up and was hovering over me; I was eyeing the door; and I was feeling threatened.
Potentiated serotonin signaling in serotonin re-uptake transporter knockout mice increases enterocyte mass and small intestinal absorptive function.

Genetic knockout of the serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) potentiates serotonin signaling and increases crypt-cell proliferation, neuroplasticity, and mucosal surface area. However, it remains unknown whether these changes occur throughout the small intestine and whether they increase nutrient absorption. We hypothesized that serotonin-mediated mucosal growth would occur throughout the intestine and would increase enterocyte mass and absorptive function. Following institutional approval, intestinal segments spanning the bowel were harvested from 10 to 12 week-old SERT knockout (SERTKO) and wild-type (WT) C57Bl/6 mice. Histologic sections were used to measure villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD), and crypt proliferation index (CPI). Plasma citrulline was measured colorimetrically. Glucose and peptide absorption in isolated segments of small bowel were calculated using a previously described method for quantification after luminal instillation of substrate. At baseline, morphometric (VH/CD) and proliferative (CPI) parameters varied from jejunum to ileum. Enhanced 5-HT signaling significantly increased plasma citrulline levels and morphometric/proliferative parameters in all regions analyzed. Glucose absorption in WT mice varied throughout the small intestine, and SERTKO mice demonstrated significant increases in the middle and distal bowel. WT peptide absorption was similar throughout the small bowel, and SERTKO mice had significant increases in the proximal and distal bowel. Enhanced serotonin signaling results in increased morphometric and proliferative parameters throughout the small intestine, and results in increased enterocyte mass and intestinal absorptive function. These data further advance the concept that the serotonin system is an attractive therapeutic target for increasing functional intestinal mucosa.
Messy Learning in Student-Driven Classrooms

McNair, A. (2019). A Meaningful Mess. Waco, TX: Prufrock Press.Andi McNair begins A Meaningful Mess by getting right to the heart of student-centered, student-driven learning in a classroom. She wr...
Leadership in Collaborative Governance: The Case of HIV/AIDS Health Services Planning Council in South Florida

This study uses the case of Broward County’s HIV/AIDS Health Services Planning Council to highlight the likely leadership contributions in collaborative governance for core medical and support serv...
MDA-9/Syntenin/SDCBP: new insights into a unique multifunctional scaffold protein

Tumor metastasis comprises a series of coordinated events that culminate in dissemination of cancer cells to distant sites within the body representing the greatest challenge impeding effective therapy of cancer and the leading cause of cancer-associated morbidity. Cancer cells exploit multiple genes and pathways to colonize to distant organs. These pathways are integrated and regulated at different levels by cellular- and extracellular-associated factors. Defining the genes and pathways that govern metastasis can provide new targets for therapeutic intervention. Melanoma differentiation associated gene-9 (mda-9) (also known as Syntenin-1 and SDCBP (Syndecan binding protein)) was identified by subtraction hybridization as a novel gene displaying differential temporal expression during differentiation of melanoma. MDA-9/Syntenin is an established Syndecan binding protein that functions as an adaptor protein. Expression of MDA-9/Syntenin is elevated at an RNA and protein level in a wide-range of cancers including melanoma, glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, and prostate, breast and liver cancer. Expression is increased significantly in metastatic cancer cells as compared with non-metastatic cancer cells or normal cells, which make it an attractive target in treating cancer metastasis. In this review, we focus on the role and regulation of mda-9 in cancer progression and metastasis.
An Exploratory Study of Control Environment Risk Factors: Client Contingency Considerations and Audit Testing Strategy

Despite its importance, we have little knowledge of how auditors consider individual risk factors, or attributes, in evaluating the control environment of a client (SAS 55). This exploratory study examines auditor weighting of control environment factors under varying client conditions. Further, there has been no research to date on the impact of control environment risk assessments on subsequent audit actions, such as testing strategy (e.g. substantive versus control testing). This study investigates the effect of control environment factors on auditors' assessment of control risk. In an experimental study, the eight control environment factors contained in US professional auditing standards were manipulated as either positive or negative for three different client sizes. The study also extends auditors' control risk assessment to the formulation of a preliminary audit strategy. Forty-three auditors participated in the project. The results show that auditors do not place equal emphasis on the eight factors. However, the reliance placed on these factors is not significantly different across different sized clients. Finally, the findings indicate a significant impact of control risk assessment on the planned audit strategy.
Complete Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli Strain FEX669, a ColV Plasmid-Containing Isolate from Retail Chicken Meat.

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli strain FEX669 was isolated from retail ground chicken and shown to contain the extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) virulence genes sfaD, focC, and iutA. Because this presumptive ExPEC strain was isolated from a retail food item and it was a weak biofilm former, it was characterized using whole-genome sequencing using the PacBio RS II platform. Genomic analysis showed that the FEX669 chromosome is 4,973,943 bp long, with a GC content of 50.47%, and is accompanied by a ColV plasmid that is 237,102 bp long, with a GC content of 50.49%.
Arsenic toxicity manifesting as profuse watery diarrhea during induction therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is generally well tolerated for treatment of APL. We present a patient with severe watery diarrhea and pancreatitis thought to be due to ATO toxicity in the setting of obesity and acute kidney injury. Future studies evaluating ATO levels in patients experiencing toxicities may help guide dose modifications.
Complex Faults: Using High-Quality Waveform Data to Understand Faults that Misbehave

Oscillography provides users data which can be used to analyze fault behavior. In digital relays, fault recording is often an “add-on” function that supplements the core mission of protection, rather than an integral component. For well-behaved faults, recordings from relays may provide sufficient information to determine a reliable sequence of events. Many faults, however, are not well-behaved, and it is these faults which are often the most important to analyze. It is not uncommon for faults on distribution systems to show substantial dynamic behavior over many seconds, including significant changes in fault current magnitude and/or phase involvement. In these cases, fault recordings from relays often have severe limitations in their ability to help utilities diagnose the root cause of underlying events and/or determine a reliable sequence of events.
Graviton: A Reconfigurable Memory-Compute Fabric for Data Intensive Applications

The rigid organization and distribution of computational and memory resources often limits how well accelerators can cope with changing algorithms and increasing dataset sizes and limits how efficiently they use their computational and memory resources. In this work, we leverage a novel computing paradigm and propose a new memory-based reconfigurable fabric, Graviton. We demonstrate the ability to dynamically trade memory for compute and vice versa, and can tune the architecture of the underlying hardware to suit the memory and compute requirements of the application. On a die-to-die basis, Graviton provides up to 47X more on-chip memory capacity over an Alveo U250 SLR, with just an additional \(1.7\%\) area on a die-to-die basis than modern FPGAs, and is 28.7X faster, on average, on a range of compute and data intensive tasks.
Widespread alterations to hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis signaling underlie high temperature reproductive inhibition in the eurythermal sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus).

Abstract Fish experiencing abnormally high or prolonged elevations in temperature can exhibit impaired reproduction, even for species adapted to warm water environments. Such high temperature inhibition of reproduction has been linked to diminished gonadal steroidogenesis, but the mechanisms whereby hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis signaling is impacted by high temperature are not fully understood. Here, we characterized differences in HPG status in adult sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus), a eurythermal salt marsh and estuarine species of eastern North America, exposed for 14 d to temperatures of 27 °C or 37 °C. Males and females at 37 °C had lower gonadosomatic index (GSI) values compared to fish at 27 °C, and females at 37 °C had fewer spawning capable eggs and lower circulating 17β-estradiol (E2). Gene transcripts encoding gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (gnih) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone-3 (gnrh3) were higher in relative abundance in the hypothalamus of both sexes at 37 °C. While pituitary mRNAs for the β-subunits of follicle-stimulating hormone (fshβ) and luteinizing hormone (lhβ) were lowered only in males at 37 °C, Fsh and Lh receptor mRNA levels in the gonads were at lower relative levels in both the ovary and testis of fish at 37 °C. Females at 37 °C also showed reduced ovarian mRNA levels for steroid acute regulatory protein (star), P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme (cyp11a1), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βhsd), 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (hsd17β3), and ovarian aromatase (cyp19a1a). Females at the higher 37 °C temperature also had a lower liver expression of mRNAs encoding estrogen receptor α (esr1) and several vitellogenin and choriogenin genes, but elevated mRNA levels for hepatic sex hormone-binding globulin (shbg). Our results substantiate prior findings that exposure of fish to high temperature can inhibit gonadal steroidogenesis and oogenesis, and point to declines in reproductive performance emerging from alterations at several levels of HPG axis signaling including increased hypothalamic Gnih expression, depressed gonadal steroidogenesis, and reduced egg yolk and egg envelope protein production in the liver.
Electrical tweezer for highly parallelized electrorotation measurements over a wide frequency bandwidth.

Electrorotation (ROT) is a powerful tool for characterizing the dielectric properties of cells and bioparticles. However, its application has been somewhat limited by the need to mitigate disruptions to particle rotation by translation under positive DEP and by frictional interactions with the substrate. While these disruptions may be overcome by implementing particle positioning schemes or field cages, these methods restrict the frequency bandwidth to the negative DEP range and permit only single particle measurements within a limited spatial extent of the device geometry away from field nonuniformities. Herein, we present an electrical tweezer methodology based on a sequence of electrical signals, composed of negative DEP using 180-degree phase-shifted fields for trapping and levitation of the particles, followed by 90-degree phase-shifted fields over a wide frequency bandwidth for highly parallelized electrorotation measurements. Through field simulations of the rotating electrical field under this wave-sequence, we illustrate the enhanced spatial extent for electrorotation measurements, with no limitations to frequency bandwidth. We apply this methodology to characterize subtle modifications in morphology and electrophysiology of Cryptosporidium parvum with varying degrees of heat treatment, in terms of shifts in the electrorotation spectra over the 0.05-40 MHz region. Given the single particle sensitivity and the ability for highly parallelized electrorotation measurements, we envision its application toward characterizing heterogeneous subpopulations of microbial and stem cells.
A combinatorial approach to genome-wide ortholog assignment: beyond sequence similarity search

The assignment of orthologous genes between a pair of genomes is a fundamental and challenging problem in comparative genomics. Existing methods that assign orthologs based on the similarity between DNA or protein sequences may make erroneous assignments when sequence similarity does not clearly delineate the evolutionary relationship among genes of the same families. In this paper, we present a new approach to ortholog assignment that takes into account both sequence similarity and evolutionary events at genome level, where orthologous genes are assumed to correspond to each other in the most parsimonious evolving scenario under genome rearrangement and gene duplication. It is then formulated as a problem of computing the signed reversal distance with duplicates between two genomes of interest, for which an efficient heuristic algorithm was constructed based on solutions to two new optimization problems, minimum common partition and maximum cycle decomposition. Following this approach, we have implemented a high-throughput system for assigning orthologs on a genome scale, called MSOAR, and tested it on both simulated data and real genome sequence data. Our predicted orthologs between the human and mouse genomes are strongly supported by ortholog and protein function information in authoritative databases, and predictions made by other key ortholog assignment methods such as Ensembl, Homologene, INPARANOID, and HGNC. The simulation results demonstrate that MSOAR in general performs better than the iterated exemplar algorithm of D. Sankoff's in terms of identifying true exemplar genes.
Femtosecond Electronic Dynamics via a Conical Funnel

Femtosecond polarization spectroscopy measures electronic wavepacket motion after vibrational wavepackets are excited near an energetically inaccessible conical intersection in a free-base naphthalocyanine. Partial equilibration via the conical funnel takes place within ~100 fs.
Alternative community compositional and dynamical states: the dual consequences of assembly history.

Summary 1. Much work on ecological consequences of community assembly history has focused on the formation of history-induced alternative stable equilibria. We hypothesize that assembly history may affect not only community composition but also population dynamics, with assembled communities differing in species composition potentially residing in different dynamical states. 2. We provided an empirical test of the aforementioned hypothesis using a laboratory microcosm experiment that manipulated both the colonization order of three bacterivorous protist species in the presence of a protist predator and environmental productivity. 3. Both priority effects and random divergence emerged, resulting in two different community compositional states: one characterized by the dominance of one prey species and the other by the extinction of the same prey. While communities in the former state exhibited noncyclic dynamics, the majority of communities in the latter state exhibited cyclic dynamics driven by the interaction between another prey and the predator. 4. Temporal variability of total prey community biovolume consequently differed among communities with different histories. 5. Changing productivity altered priority effects on the structure and dynamics of communities experiencing only certain histories. 6. Our results support the dual (compositional and dynamical) consequences of assembly history and emphasize the importance of incorporating the dynamical view into the field of community assembly.
A long-term natural experiment in pedogenesis

In assessing the effects of a particular factor in soil formation, field situations are sought in which most of the variables are comparable except the factor chosen for study. In many cases this is difficult. The effects of climate, for example, may not be easy to tease apart from those of vegetation. For the study of the role of particular factors in the formation of paleosols, it is also important to select examples where other factors of the paleoenvironment and diagenetic alteration were comparable. This may seem a daunting exercise, but it is in principle no different from interpretative paleoecology or sedimentology. There are many questions of general scientific interest concerning conditions of soil formation that only can be addressed using paleosols. In the geologically distant past, for example, climatic conditions were not always linked with the same kind of vegetation as that of today. The fossil record of soils can be considered a long-term natural experiment in which many of the factors of soil formation operated in fundamentally different combinations.
Association of Native Ca2+ Channel β Subunits with the α1 Subunit Interaction Domain

Abstract β Subunits of voltage-dependent Ca channels play an important role in regulating Ca channel function. The sites of α1-β subunit interaction have been localized recently to cytoplasmic domains of both subunits. The α1 subunit interaction domain (AID) is an 18-amino-acid conserved motif located between repeats I and II on all α1 subunits which is essential for the binding of β subunits. In order to further study the interaction of β subunits with AID, we have expressed a 50-amino-acid glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein from the α subunit that contains the AID. Mutant GST fusion proteins that contain a single amino acid change (Y392S, Y392F, and Y392W) in the AIDA along with control GST were coupled to glutathione-Sepharose beads to form affinity beads. Binding assays using these affinity beads with in vitro synthesized S-labeled β2 and β3 subunits demonstrate that the hydroxyl group on tyrosine 392 of AIDA is critical for binding to β subunits. The affinity bead assay was also used to identify and characterize native β subunits from detergent extracts of different tissues. The AIDA affinity beads, but not the control or Y392S beads, specifically bind β subunits from detergent extracts of skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and brain. Immunoblot analyses demonstrate the presence of β in skeletal muscle, β2 and β3 in cardiac muscle, and β, β3, and β4 in brain. The assays also demonstrate the AIDA beads bind to β subunits from tissue homogenates extracted with low salt and no detergent suggesting the existence of a pool of β subunits which is not always associated with α1 subunits. Also, β subunits from solubilized skeletal muscle triads can be affinity-purified using AIDA CNBr-Sepharose. Our data demonstrate that the AID binds to native β subunits from detergent and non-detergent tissue extracts illustrating that this domain on the α1 subunit is the major anchoring site for the β subunit.
Paul, the Stoics, and the Body of Christ: The community as Christ's body in 1 Corinthians 12

The previous chapters have described the Stoic bodily unity of humanity and the way in which this formed the basis for their social ethics. This chapter will demonstrate that in 1 Cor. 12 Paul similarly establishes the identity of the community according to the bodily unity of the community. However, it will also be important to notice the divergence from Stoicism, especially the ultimate source of bodily unity – Christ – and the community's relationship to the eschatological age. Since the coming of Christ has resulted in a new age, Paul is not concerned with the Stoics' universal humanity, but a “new” humanity composed of those who have been transformed through Christ. As a result, 1 Cor. 12 is primarily a statement of the Corinthians' identity as Christ's body. This identity provides the “principle” on which Paul will base his “precepts” in ch. 14, as similarly seen in the way bodily oneness forms the foundation for Stoic social ethics. Structure of 1 Corinthians 12 The following proposed structure highlights the relationship between Christ and the Corinthians as his body. Introduction (12:1–3) – spiritual existence as being under the Lordship of Christ A (12:4–11) – the Corinthians as recipients of diverse manifestations of the Spirit, to be used for what is advantageous B (12:12–26) – Christ/the church as characterized by unity and diversity, just like a human body A′ (12:27–30) – the Corinthians as diverse members of the body of Christ, appointed by God in the ekklesia Paul begins in 12:1–3 by making the crucial point that “spiritual existence” is related to Christ's Lordship.
Building a Community of Inquirers in Your Classroom: Learning from Our Global Colleagues.

Attention to inquiry-based teaching practices has surfaced as one vehicle for supporting the development of critical thinking skills in science classrooms (Achieve Inc., 2013). Despite the endless dialogue, professional development, and standards to support the teaching approach, in practice, inquiry presents teachers with a great challenge. In fact “there has been a tremendous concern that our efforts are simply not resulting in the desired level of inquiry-based teaching” (Meyer, Meyer, Nabb, Connell & Avery, 2011). Limiting factors include teacher knowledge and an understanding of inquiry (Anderson 2002; Meyer et al., 2011; Minstrell & van Zee 2000). Ironically, the global use of this method allows us to learn how others have overcome these barriers and are making inquirers of their students. International studies of practices employed by top achieving countries such as Finland and China reveal effective strategies their teachers use to foster inquiry in their classrooms (Huang, 2004; Huann-Shyang, Jui-Ying & Su-Chu, 2002; Laukkanen, 2008; Lavonen & Juuti, 2012; Liu, 2005; Maes, 2010; Nivalainen, Asikainen, & Hirvonen, 2013; Wei, 2009; Yuwen Bianjishi, 1999). This summative analysis offers a rationale for learning from our “global colleagues,” defines the latest emphasis on inquiry-based teaching, and offers strategies for creating a community of inquirers in the science classroom as informed and evidenced by teachers in both China and Finland.
An analytical approach to file prefetching

File prefetching is an effective technique for improving file access performance. In this paper, we present a file prefetching mechanism that is based on on-line analytic modeling of interesting system events and is transparent to higher levels. The mechanism, incorporated into a client's file cache manager, seeks to build semantic structures that capture the intrinsic correlations between file accesses. It then heuristically uses these structures to represent distinct file usage patterns and exploits them to prefetch files from a file server. We show results of a simulation study and of a working implementation. Measurements suggest that our method can predict future file accesses with an accuracy around 90%, that it can reduce cache miss rate by up to 47% and application latency by up to 40%. Our method imposes little overhead, even under antagonistic circumstances.
Dual Ultrastructural Localization of μ-Opioid Receptors and NMDA-Type Glutamate Receptors in the Shell of the Rat Nucleus Accumbens

The effectiveness of NMDA antagonists in modulating the motor and motivational effects of opiates is attributed, in part, to functional associations involving NMDA receptors and micro-opioid receptors (MORs) in the shell of the nucleus accumbens (Acb). To determine the subcellular sites for potential functional interactions between opiate ligands and NMDA receptors in this region, we examined the ultrastructural localization of antipeptide antisera against MOR and the R1 subunit of the NMDA receptor in the Acb shell of the adult rat brain. MOR-like immunoreactivity (MOR-LI) was seen primarily in dendrites, whereas NMDAR1-like immunoreactivity (NMDAR1-LI) was detected more often in axon terminals forming asymmetric synapses. In these profiles, MOR labeling was localized mainly to extrasynaptic plasma membranes, whereas NMDAR1-LI was associated with both synaptic and extrasynaptic sites. Of 307 MOR-labeled processes, 17.9% of the dendrites and 9.4% of the axon terminals also contained NMDAR1-LI. In addition, 24.7% of the dendrites containing only MOR-LI were apposed to NMDAR1-labeled axons or terminals. We conclude that in the shell of the Acb, the output of single neurons can be dually modulated by (1) activation of MOR and NMDA receptors in the same dendrites or (2) combined activation of presynaptic NMDA receptors in afferents contacting dendrites containing MOR. In addition, the colocalization of MOR and NMDAR1 in certain axon terminals in the Acb suggests their dual involvement in the presynaptic release of neurotransmitters in this region.
Learning capabilities of recurrent neural networks

The author relates the power of recurrent neural networks to those of other conventional models of computation like Turing machines and finite automata, and proves results about their learning capabilities. Specifically, it is shown that (a) probabilistic recurrent networks and probabilistic Turing machine models are equivalent; (b) probabilistic recurrent networks with bounded error probabilities are not more powerful than deterministic finite automata: (c) deterministic recurrent networks have the capability of learning P-complete language problems; and (d) restricting the weight-threshold relationship in deterministic recurrent networks may allow the network to learn only weaker classes of languages. >
Enzymatically activated near infrared nanoprobes based on amphiphilic block copolymers for optical detection of cancer.

Author(s): Ozel, Tugba; White, Sean; Nguyen, Elaine; Moy, Austin; Brenes, Nicholas; Choi, Bernard; Betancourt, Tania | Abstract: Background and objectiveNanotechnology offers the possibility of creating multi-functional structures that can provide solutions for biomedical problems. The nanoprobes herein described are an example of such structures, where nano-scaled particles have been designed to provide high specificity and contrast potential for optical detection of cancer. Specifically, enzymatically activated fluorescent nanoprobes (EANPs) were synthesized as cancer-specific contrast agents for optical imaging.Study design/materials and methodsEANPs were prepared by nanoprecipitation of blends of poly(lactic acid)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-b-poly(l-lysine). The lysine moieties were then covalently decorated with the near infrared (NIR) fluorescent molecule AlexaFluor-750 (AF750). Close proximity of the fluorescent molecules to each other resulted in fluorescence quenching, which was reversed by enzymatically mediated cleavage of poly(l-lysine) chains. EANPs were characterized by dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy. Enzymatic development of fluorescence was studied in vitro by fluorescence spectroscopy. Biocompatibility and contrast potential of EANPs were studied in cancerous and noncancerous cells. The potential of the nanoprobes as contrast agents for NIR fluorescence imaging was studied in tissue phantoms.ResultsSpherical EANPs of ∼100 nm were synthesized via nanoprecipitation of polymer blends. Fluorescence activation of EANPs by treatment with a model protease was demonstrated with up to 15-fold optical signal enhancement within 120 minutes. Studies with MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells demonstrated the cytocompatibility of EANPs, as well as enhanced fluorescence associated with enzymatic activation. Imaging studies in tissue phantoms confirmed the ability of a simple imaging system based on a laser source and CCD camera to image dilute suspensions of the nanoprobe at depths of up to 4 mm, as well as up to a 13-fold signal-to-background ratio for enzymatically activated EANPs compared to un-activated EANPs at the same concentration.ConclusionNanoprecipitation of copolymer blends containing poly(l-lysine) was utilized as a method for preparation of highly functional nanoprobes with high potential as contrast agents for fluorescence based imaging of cancer. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:579-594, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
EELS analysis of redox in glasses for plutonium immobilization

Abstract The chemical and structural environments of f-electron elements in glasses are the origin of many of the important optical, electronic, and magnetic properties of materials incorporating these elements. Thus, the oxidation state and chemical coordination of lanthanides and actinides in host materials constitute an important design consideration in optically active glasses, magnetic materials, perovskite superconductors, and nuclear waste materials. We have made use of the characteristic line shapes of cerium to determine its oxidation state in alkali borosilicate glasses that are being developed for immobilization of plutonium. Cerium, it should be noted, is often used as a “surrogate” element for plutonium in materials design because of its similar ionic size (for Pu in the + 3 and + 4 states) and preferred chemical coordination. The solubility of the plutonium (or cerium) in a waste glass will likely be determined by its redox state in the glass. By examining several compositions of prototype immobilization glass using electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), we found that the redox state of cerium doped to 7 wt% could be varied by a suitable choice of alkali elements in the glass formula. Preliminary results on plutonium-doped glasses confirm the design strategy employed, leading to 5 wt% (or more) plutonium being truly dissolved in the glass.
Property C and an inverse problem for a hyperbolic equation

Let (∗) utt − Δu + q(x, t) u = 0 in D × [0, T], where D ⊂R3 is a bounded domain with a smooth boundary ∂D, T > d, d: = diam D, q(x, t) ϵ C([0, T], L∞(D)). Suppose that for every (∗∗) u¦∂D = f(x, t) ϵ C1(∂D × [0, T]), the value uN¦∂D: = h(s, t) is known, where N is the outer normal to ∂D, u solves (∗) and (∗∗) and satisfies the initial conditions u = ut = 0 at t = 0. Then q(x, t) is uniquely determined by the data {f, h}, ∀f ϵ C1(∂D × [0, T]) in the subset S of D × [0, T] consisting of the lines which make 45 ° with the t-axis and which meet the planes t = 0 and t = T outside D × [0, T], provided that q(x, t) is known outside S. Here D is the closure of D.
An unusual bone change in acromegaly

A case of acromegaly is reported showing a layer of bone ‘capping’ the humeral and femoral heads apparently as the result of new bone formation by the articular cartilage.
The Iron-Binding Centre of Ferrichrome Compounds

ISOLATION during Ustilago sphaerogena fermentation of the crystalline ferric co-ordination compounds ferrichrome and ferrichrome A has been reported previously1,2. The formation of these and similar products as a function of the iron nutrition of microorganisms has been described3 and the available information relative to their structure and function has been reviewed4. The only member of this series which has been isolated, crystallized and characterized by synthesis is the substance produced by Bacillus subtilis, that is, the glycine conjugate of 2,3 dihydroxybenzoic acid5.
Theoretical Analysis of Cross-Correlation of Time-Series Signals Computed by a Time-Delayed Hebbian Associative Learning Neural Network

A theoretical proof of the computational function performed by a time-delayed neural network implementing a Hebbian associative learning-rule is shown to compute the equivalent of cross-correlation of time-series functions, show- ing the relationship between correlation coefficients and connection-weights. The values of the computed correlation coef- ficients can be retrieved from the connection-weights.
Thrombus Formation on Amplatzer Septal Occluder Device: Pinning Down the Cause

The use of interatrial septal occluder devices is an efficacious and less invasive alternative to open heart surgery for the repair of atrial septal defects. These devices present significant risks including thrombus formation on the device and subsequent thromboembolic events. We present a case of a woman who presented with stroke-like symptoms five years after PFO closure. The patient was subsequently found to have a thrombus on the occluder device. Our case highlights the risk of such thrombolic phenomenon and the risk associated with the device structure as a nidus for such a complication.
Twenty-year behavioral follow-up of a 1;13 chromosomal translocation and Mobius syndrome presenting with poor impulse control, exhibitionism, and aggression

Mobius syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by agenesis or aplasia of the facial or abducens nerve motor nuclei and other features including central nervous system and behavioral abnormalities. We report an adult case of Mobius syndrome variant presenting with poor impulse control, aggression, and exhibitionism. Karyotyping revealed a 46 XY, t(1;13)(p34.3;q12.3) translocation. The subject had been presented 20 years previously as the index case of a three-generation pedigree.
A note on the probabilistic approach to the cancer problem.

Assuming that the initiation of cancer growth is due to a purely accidental fluctuation of some physicochemical condition, it is possible to derive the equation for the cancer incidence as a function of age. The final result depends on whether it is assumed that a single accidental fluctuation in a cell is sufficient to produce cancer, or that a finite number,k, of repetitions of the accidental fluctuation must occur in the same cell. In principle it is possible to determine from observed incidence curves the numberk. Actually, however, this cannot be done at present, because the difference of the theoretical curves for differentk's is rather small, and the available cancer statistics are not accurate enough to show such differences.
Multiobjective shape and material optimization of composite structures including damping

A multiobjective optimal design methodology is developed for lightweight, low-cost composite structures of improved dynamic performance. The design objectives may include minimization of damped resonance amplitudes (or maximization of modal damping), weight, and material cost. The design vector includes micromechanics, laminate, and structural shape parameters. Constraints are imposed on static displacements, static and dynamic ply stresses, dynamic amplitudes, and natural frequencies. The effects of composite damping tailoring on the dynamics of the composite structure are incorporated. Applications on a cantilever composite beam and plate illustrate that only the proposed multiobjective formulation, as opposed to single objective functions, may simultaneously improve the objectives. The significance of composite damping in the design of advanced composite structures is also demonstrated, and the results indicate that the minimum-weight design or design methods based on undamped dynamics may fail to improve the dynamic performance near resonances. Nomenclature A = area [C],[c] = global and modal damping matrices, respectively E = normal modulus F(z) = objective functions / = frequency fd = damped frequency G = shear modulus G(z) = inequality constraints h = thickness [/£],[/:] = global and modal stiffness matrices, respectively k = volume ratio [M],[m] = global and modal mass matrices, respectively p^p = global and modal excitation force, respectively q — modal vector 5 = strength t = time U = dynamic amplitude u = displacement vector