cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Del furioso cañoneo al eco de Bolívar: guerra, ciudad y sonoridad en Lima, 1819-1826

This article examines the soundscape, both commemorative and disruptive, experienced in the city of Lima during the War of Independence, focusing on the sounds produced by church bells and cannons. Even though, in Lima, patriots and royalists never fought a pitched battle, the war resoundingly marked the city’s aural environment. Disruptive noise emitted by church bells and cannons during the war greatly exceeded in intensity and duration the commemorative sounds sponsored by the independent government, and even had the power to change it dramatically.
Microcavity Light Emitting Devices Based on Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystal Quantum Dots

This paper describes the design, fabrication, and characterization of a microcavity-electroluminescence (EL) device based on colloidal semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots (NQDs). We observed a significant reduction in EL emission bandwidth from the fabricated device. Enhancement in emission efficiency and output directionality will be reported as well.
The Use of Noise Dampening Mats to Reduce Heavy-Equipment Noise Exposures in Construction

The performance of sound barriers was evaluated to determine their technical effectiveness and practicality in reducing noise exposures to operating engineers in construction. Commercially purchased sound dampening mats (SDMats) were installed inside three heavy-equipment engine compartments. Sound pressure levels (SPLs) were measured before and after installing the SDMats while the equipment was on idle and full-throttle settings where it normally operates. SPLs inside the heavy-equipment operator cabs were significantly reduced by 5.6-7.6 dBA on the full-throttle setting following installation of the SDMats (p < 0.01). The evaluated engineering control intervention was simple to install, affordable, and substantially reduced the engine noise reaching the heavy-equipment operator, potentially reducing reliance on hearing-protection devices to protect construction workers from noise exposures.
Understanding Metal Induced Recombination Losses in Silicon Solar Cells with Screen Printed Silver Contacts

Abstract There have been great improvements in silicon solar cell voltage across the last 5 years. A great deal of the gains can be attributed to application of lighter phosphorus emitter diffusions which deliver higher cell voltages, combined with the complementary silver metallization pastes which can contact those emitters. As the voltages continue to increase over time, metal recombination losses become more important to understand. The surface doping, junction depth, and metal contact used are all factors in determining the metal recombination rate which covers a range of approximately 400-1500 fA/cm2 for standard cases. Silver contact pastes modulate recombination by changing the way they etch the emitter surface, and semiconductor models indicate that the recombination rate can decrease to
Safety of pre-emptive donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) based on mixed chimerism (MC) in peripheral blood or bone marrow subsets in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) for hematologic malignancies

Safety of pre-emptive donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) based on mixed chimerism (MC) in peripheral blood or bone marrow subsets in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) for hematologic malignancies
Drainage and Resection Surgery for Pancreatitis

Several surgical options exist for treatment of pancreatitis; these can be broadly categorized into drainage or resection procedures. The Puestow operation is a drainage procedure involving a longitudinal pancreatic ductotomy with anastomosis to jejunum and provides decompression for patients with significant ductal obstruction. Potential drawbacks of pancreatic resection surgery include persistent pain and development of surgical diabetes.
Bispecific-armed, interferon gamma-primed macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

To show that macrophages can be effectively targeted against malignant B cells, bispecific antibodies (BsAb) were constructed from two antibodies having specificity for the high-affinity Fc receptor for IgG (Fc gamma RI/CD64) and the B-cell differentiation antigens CD19 and CD37. Using a flow cytometry-based assay and confocal imaging, we show that these constructs mediated significant phagocytosis of B lymphocytes by macrophages that could be enhanced with interferon gamma (IFN gamma) and IFN gamma in combination with macrophage colony-stimulating factor. BsAb-dependent phagocytosis was triggered through Fc gamma RI and could be blocked only by using F(ab')2 fragments from the parent molecule or by cross-linking Fc gamma RI. BsAb-dependent phagocytosis was not blocked by antibodies to the other Fc receptors, Fc gamma RII and Fc gamma RIII. Because these antibody constructs bind to an epitope outside the Fc gamma RI ligand binding site, we show that autologous serum, polyclonal IgG, and monomeric IgG1 did not block BsAb-dependent phagocytosis, whereas autologous serum and the IgG fractions blocked parent molecule monoclonal antibody-dependent phagocytosis due to the avid binding of monomeric IgG to Fc gamma RI. Finally, BsAb-mediated phagocytosis was effective against the malignant B cells of patients with mantle cell lymphoma, prolymphocytic leukemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Based on these studies, we propose that BsAbs may provide an effective means of immunomodulation for patients with B-cell malignancies.
A constructivist view of race in modern criminology

Abstract Purpose To offer a preliminary discussion of what modern genomics research affords criminologists studying racial inequalities. Methods I review recent evidence from genomics and socio-genomics research that has bearing on how society and researchers should view race. This leads to a discussion of the role of race as a predictor of criminological phenotypes and, thus, to a consideration of the role that genomics research may (or may not) play in helping criminologists unpack the etiology of racial inequalities. Results I offer a constructivist perspective on race and show that it is compatible with modern genomics research. I also conclude that it is unlikely that genetic factors will explain racial inequalities independent of social and environmental influences. Instead, racial inequalities likely arise from social/environmental influences or from the interaction between social/environmental factors and genetic factors. Conclusions The conclusion of this essay considers several important cautions and philosophical questions that must be kept in mind any time racial inequalities are studied, regardless of whether the focus is on criminological outcomes, health outcomes, or something else entirely.
OB-Tree: Accelerating Data Cleaning in Out-of-Core Column-Store Databases

The column-store database, featuring a column-by-column data layout and a fast data retrieving speed, is a representative of next-generation database management systems in this big data era. Optimizing the write performance is a well-known challenge in out-of-core (or external memory) column-store databases. Data cleaning helps to cleanse redundant data and improve the overall performance of the databases. Previously proposed data cleaning methods require a long execution time and additional computing resources which are inefficient for column-store databases with large-volume data. This work introduces an auxiliary tree index and high-speed data cleaning methods to improve the overall processing speed of columnar data. The proposed index called OB-tree comes with a rich set of operations and possesses multiple advantages in working with a wide-range of column-store databases. We introduce new data cleaning methods utilizing OB-tree to efficiently identify target records and their locations. Extensive experiments show that the proposed methods enable significant performance improvements for data cleaning on column-store databases.
Diminished EEG habituation to novel events effectively classifies Parkinson's patients.

Abstract Objectives We aimed to test if EEG responses to novel events reliably dissociated individuals with Parkinson’s disease and controls, and if this dissociation was sensitive and specific enough to be a candidate biomarker of cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease. Methods Participants included N = 25 individuals with Parkinson’s disease and an equal number of well-matched controls. EEG was recorded during a three-stimulus auditory oddball paradigm both ON and OFF medication. Results While control participants showed reliable EEG habituation to novel events over time, individuals with Parkinson’s did not. In the OFF condition, individual differences in habituation correlated with years since diagnosis. Pattern classifiers achieved high sensitivity and specificity in discriminating patients from controls, with a maximum accuracy of 82%. Most importantly, the confidence of the classifier was related to years since diagnosis, and this correlation increased as the time course of differential habituation increasingly distinguished the groups. Conclusions These findings identify systemic alteration in an obligatory neural mechanism that may contribute to higher-level cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease. Significance These findings suggest that EEG responses to novel events in this rapid, simple, and inexpensive test have tremendous promise for tracking individual trajectories of cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease.
Comments on point:counterpoint: respiratory sinus arrhythmia is due to a central mechanism vs. respiratory sinus arrhythmia is due to the baroreflex mechanism.

to the editor: Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is a complex phenomenon whose physiological role is still a matter of debate ([6][1]). From a practical point of view, it is important to know whether RSA can be used to compute indexes of cardiac baroreflex sensitivity, hence the present Point:
Wolbachia Infections in Arthropod Hosts

The α-proteobacteria Wolbachia are obligate endosymbionts that infect a diverse range of invertebrate taxa and are possibly the most common endosymbiotic bacteria on Earth. In their arthropod hosts, Wolbachia induce a variety of reproductive manipulations that enhance the fitness of infected females compared to their uninfected counterparts. Adding to their phenotypic repertoire, Wolbachia have recently been shown to interfere with pathogen infection and transmission in both naturally infected and artificially transinfected insects. These properties make Wolbachia systems interesting to study on numerous levels, including evolution and speciation, microbe–host interactions, and applied strategies to minimize the impact of arthropod-borne diseases and insect pests. This chapter will review the current state of knowledge of Wolbachia reproductive phenotypes and Wolbachia -induced pathogen interference, and discuss these in the context of applied use of Wolbachia for arthropod-borne disease and pest control.
Fostering the Sociopolitical Development of African American and Latinx Adolescents to Analyze and Challenge Racial and Economic Inequality

Sociopolitical development refers to the processes by which an individual acquires the knowledge, skills, and commitment to analyze and challenge oppressive social forces. A growing body of scholar...
Distal realignment of the patellofemoral joint. Indications, effects, results, and recommendations.

SUMMARY Effective treatment of patellofemoral malalignment is possible with precise diagnosis. This precision must begin with a thorough history and physical examination. Both nonoperative and operative treatment are guided by the specific patterns identified. Distal realignment procedures including anteromedial tibial tubercle transfer necessitate meticulous surgical technique to achieve maximal benefit with a low rate of complications.
Respect for Elders: Myths and Realities in East Asia

The trend in East Asia from authoritarian and patriarchal relationships to egalitarian and reciprocal patterns of mutual respect between generations is eroding the willingness of younger generations to respect the elderly in traditional ways. Have the Confucian teachings on respect for elders become myths? This article reviews traditional ways of treating parents and elders prescribed in Confucian literature and examines how they are expressed in modern times.
Discovering Invisible Truths

The rise of populist movements worldwide is challenging science and motivating scientists to join the debate and enter politics. Based on my experience, taking a public stand will not come without slanderous personal and institutional attacks as an attempt to shake scientific credibility. The virology community is at risk of similar misrepresentation; reflection on this topic, particularly on how to address such challenges, should be a priority, given we are in the "post-truth" era.
Causes of weather-related crashes in Salt Lake County, Utah

In 2010, the World Health Organization declared 2011 to 2020 the Decade of Action for Road Safety in response to the enormous toll that roadway crashes take on individuals, communities, and nationa...
Effects of modified tall oil versus a commercial source of conjugated linoleic acid and increasing levels of modified tall oil on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs.

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-enriched feed additives for swine. These additives included a source of CLA that was commercially available (CLA-60) and modified tall oil (MTO). Experiment 1 used 36 barrows (initially 37.6+/-2.8 kg) to compare the effects of CLA-60 and MTO on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs. The corn-soybean meal diets contained .50% soybean oil (control), .50% CLA-60, or .50% MTO. Pigs fed CLA-60 had less (P = .03) ADG from 37.6 to 72.6 kg than the control pigs; otherwise, pigs fed either CLA-60 or MTO had growth performance similar (P > .15) to that of the control pigs. Pigs fed MTO grew faster (P = .03) and consumed more feed (P = .10) over the duration of the experiment (37.6 to 106.4 kg) than pigs fed CLA-60. Dietary treatment did not affect (P > .15) plasma triglycerides or carcass characteristics, but pigs fed either MTO or CLA-60 had greater saturation of fatty acids in the adipose tissue at the 10th rib than pigs fed the control diet. Experiment 2 used 80 barrows (initially 33.4+/-2.2 kg) to examine the effects of increasing levels of MTO on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs. The corn-soybean meal diet contained 1% cornstarch, which was replaced with MTO to give dietary levels of .25, .50, or 1.00% MTO. Dietary treatment did not affect (P > .15) growth performance. Feeding increasing levels of MTO quadratically decreased (P = .02) average backfat thickness and longissimus muscle drip loss (P = .04) and quadratically increased longissimus muscle area (P = .07) and percentage lean (P = .03). Feeding MTO tended to increase belly firmness (P < .10) compared with pigs fed the control diet. These traits appeared to be optimized with .50% MTO. In summary, pigs fed MTO had greater ADG, ADFI, and ending BW than pigs fed CLA-60. Feeding MTO does not appear to affect growth performance but improves carcass lean content and may additionally improve some aspects of meat quality in growing-finishing pigs.
Photopiperazines A–D, Photosensitive Interconverting Diketopiperazines with Significant and Selective Activity against U87 Glioblastoma Cells, from a Rare, Marine-Derived Actinomycete of the Family Streptomycetaceae

Photopiperazines A-D (1-4), unsaturated diketopiperazine derivatives, were isolated from the culture broth of a rare, marine-derived actinomycete bacterium, strain AJS-327. This strain shows very poor 16S rRNA sequence similarity to other members of the actinomycete family Streptomycetaceae, indicating it is likely a new lineage within this group. The structures of the photopiperazines were defined by analysis of HR-ESI-TOF-MS spectra in conjunction with the interpretation of 1D and 2D NMR data. The photopiperazines are sensitive to light, causing interconversion among the four olefin geometrical isomers, which made purification of each isomer challenging. The photopiperazines are highly cytotoxic metabolites that show selective toxicity toward U87 glioblastoma and SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell lines.
Risk Assessment for Metalworking Fluids and Respiratory Outcomes.

Abstract Background Metalworking fluids (MWFs) are mixtures with inhalation exposures as mists, dusts, and vapors, and dermal exposure in the dispersed and bulk liquid phase. A quantitative risk assessment was performed for exposure to MWF and respiratory disease. Methods Risks associated with MWF were derived from published studies and NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluations, and lifetime risks were calculated. The outcomes analyzed included adult onset asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, pulmonary function impairment, and reported symptoms. Incidence rates were compiled or estimated, and annual proportional loss of respiratory capacity was derived from cross-sectional assessments. Results A strong healthy worker survivor effect was present. New-onset asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, at 0.1 mg/m3 MWF under continuous outbreak conditions, had a lifetime risk of 45%; if the associated microbiological conditions occur with only 5% prevalence, then the lifetime risk would be about 3%. At 0.1 mg/m3, the estimate of excess lifetime risk of attributable pulmonary impairment was 0.25%, which may have been underestimated by a factor of 5 or more by a strong healthy worker survivor effect. The symptom prevalence associated with respiratory impairment at 0.1 mg/m3 MWF was estimated to be 5% (published studies) and 21% (Health Hazard Evaluations). Conclusion Significant risks of impairment and chronic disease occurred at 0.1 mg/m3 for MWFs in use mostly before 2000. Evolving MWFs contain new ingredients with uncharacterized long-term hazards.
Natural Host-Induced Gene Silencing Offers New Opportunities to Engineer Disease Resistance.

RNA silencing is an essential gene-regulation mechanism in eukaryotic organisms. Guided by small RNAs (sRNAs) of 20–25 nt in length, RNA silencing broadly governs a wide range of biological processes. In addition to regulating endogenous gene expression and inhibiting viral infection, accumulating evidence suggests that sRNAs can also function as antimicrobial agents against nonviral pathogens and directly silence gene targets in invading pathogen cells. Here, we summarize current understanding of this host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) process as a defense mechanism during natural infection. Specific focuses will be on recent advancement in the sRNA executors of HIGS and their potential delivery mechanisms from the plant host to filamentous eukaryotic pathogens, including fungi and Phytophthora species. Implications of these new findings in the applications of HIGS as a tool for engineering disease resistance is discussed.
Adsorption of bacteriophage MS2 to colloids: Kinetics and particle interactions

Abstract Virus adsorption to colloidal particles is an important issue in the water quality community. Namely, if viruses can quickly and strongly associate to colloids, this can potentially lead to significant implications for the management of biohazardous wastes at water reclamation facilities. This research evaluated the adsorption of bacteriophage MS2 to colloidal suspensions of kaolinite (KAO) and fiberglass (FG). Observed pseudo first-order MS2 removal rate constants were between 0.53 and 5.1 min−1 and between 2.4 and 3.5 min−1 for KAO and FG, respectively. These kinetics were at least an order of magnitude faster than previously reported values when compared to data retrieved at similar colloid concentrations. Fluorescent and bright field microscopic images showed clusters of MS2 on and around the edges of the colloids, and the majority of the bound MS2 was not readily removed during a vigorous wash step, suggesting comparatively strong, operationally relevant adsorption. MS2 aggregation was observed experimentally and predicted on the basis of interaction energies calculated with XDLVO models. When virus-containing biohazardous wastes are introduced into wastewater treatment plants, removing colloids is essential.
Resection of Postaxial Supernumerary Digits

This chapter describes the surgical procedure for right/left/bilateral Type B postaxial polydactyly excision as performed by the following approaches: suture ligation, vascular clip ligation, and instrumented excision. The text includes an introduction that outlines the indications, risks, alternatives, essential steps, needed equipment, and variations in technique for the procedure. A template operative dictation provides the reader with an operative report such as is found in a patient chart or electronic medical record. A description is provided of the following critical concepts for this procedure: recognition of Type A versus Type B postaxial polydactyly, correct application of the vascular clip or ligature suture, placement of a digital block, cauterization of vascular structures, and proximal excision of the digital nerve. Preaxial polydactyly is outside the scope of this chapter and should be referred to a dedicated pediatric hand surgeon for further evaluation.
Lateral Hypothalamic Control of Sleep in the Context of Cancer

Abstract Sleep plays a vital role in health and well-being. Its conservation along nearly all branches of the phylogenetic tree suggests that sleep serves an essential biological function. Disrupted or truncated sleep is consistently linked to heart disease, depression, obesity, and more recently, cancer. Indeed, chronic sleep disturbance affects 10%–20% of the population in the developed world, representing a substantial public health problem that translates into an estimated financial burden in the hundreds of billions of dollars annually. Poor sleep is a strong predictor of subsequent mortality in cancer patients even when taking into consideration other risk factors including age, hormone receptor status, cortisol concentrations, depression, and metastatic spread. Despite the prevalence of these problems, the underlying mechanisms mediating cancer-associated changes in sleep are unknown. Here, we discuss recent evidence supporting a cross-talk among tumors in the periphery, the nervous, endocrine, metabolic, and immune systems leading to sleep and systemic disruption. Special emphasis is given to the lateral hypothalamus, which contains many neural populations that couple sleep to metabolic state, immune status, and the environment. Among these, hypocretin/orexin neurons have been the most well characterized. We further lay down logical “next-steps” in this research area that are likely to drive the development of novel treatments for cancer-associated sleep disruption.
Exploring Measurement Comparability of Accommodated Math Tests for Students With Emotional Impairments

It is critical to examine whether test accommodations function as intended in removing construct-irrelevant variance. The measurement comparability of a math test for students with emotional impair...
Enacting Content-rich Curriculum in Early Childhood: The Role of Teacher Knowledge and Pedagogy

Research Findings. This study examines the complexities of enacting an explicit content-rich curriculum in a large urban school district. Thirty-six teachers from 12 elementary schools, preK throug...
Timing and rate of nitrogen fertilization influence maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency

Timing and rate of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application can influence maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield, N uptake, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) parameters, but results have been inconsistent across the upper Midwest. This study compared single (fall and preplant) and split applications of differing N rates for maize under irrigated conditions on loamy sand at Becker, MN and under rainfed conditions on loam and clay loam soils at Lamberton, MN and Waseca, MN, respectively, in 2014 to 2016. Fall and preplant applications of N were applied at recommended and 125% of recommended rates (RN) according to University of Minnesota guidelines. Split-application treatments included a two-way (Sp, applied at 75% and 100% of RN) and a three-way split (TSp applied at 50%, 75%, and 100% of RN), with the total N rate equally split among application times. At Becker, maize grain yield with TSp was 12.6 to 15.7 Mg ha-1 among years and significantly greater than that with fall or preplant treatments. The TSp treatment also improved agronomic efficiency (AE) and recovery efficiency (RE) by an average of 30% over fall or preplant treatments. At Lamberton, maize grain yield, AE and RE did not differ among treatments. However, TSp75 improved AE by 8.3 kg kg-1 while producing comparable yields to fall and preplant treatments. At Waseca, Sp or TSp improved grain yield and AE compared with fall treatments. These results suggest that split applications of N can increase maize grain yield, AE, and RE on irrigated coarse-textured soils and applying N fertilizer near planting or as a split application can improve N management on non-irrigated clay loam soils.
A Journal of the Plague Year: An Archive of COVID-19 as a Community of Practice

With the onset of COVID-19 in the Spring of 2020, my graduate school experience changed abruptly. That disruption, however, led to my involvement in the creation and implementation of the digital a...
Assessing the reliability and validity of attitudes and confidence scales for the care of women and girls affected by female genital mutilation/cutting

Approximately 545,000 women and girls in the USA have undergone Female Genital Mutilation/ Cutting (FGM/C) or have mothers from a country where FGM/C is practiced. Women and girls living with FGM/C in the USA may experience stigma and bias due to their FGM/C, immigration, racial, and language status. Health care provider attitudes toward FGM/C and confidence for related clinical care may affect the quality of care, yet there are no validated instruments to measure these constructs. We developed the instruments via review of the FGM/C literature, the development of scale items, expert review, and pre-testing. We validated the instruments using a convenience sample of providers in Arizona and Maryland. We used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to confirm factor structures, and compared scores between known groups to assess validity. The EFA revealed a two-factor solution for attitudes, including subscales for Negative Attitudes and Empathetic Attitudes toward FGM/C and those who practice with Cronbach’s alphas of 0.814 and 0.628 respectively. The EFA for confidence revealed a two-factor solution including Confidence in Clinical FGM/C Care and Confidence in Critical Communication Skills for FGM/C Care with Cronbach’s alphas of 0.857 and 0.694 respectively. Health care provider attitudes and confidence toward FGM/C care may affect quality of care and health outcomes for women and girls. Our study describes the rigorous psychometric analysis to create reliable and valid instruments to assess health care provider attitudes and confidence for the care of women and girls who have experienced FGM/C. ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT03249649 . Registered on 15 August 2017. Retrospectively registered.
Flexible Ubers and Fixed Taxis: the Effect of Fuel Prices on Car Services

This paper is the first to empirically compare the impact of fuel price on ridership of taxicabs and transportation network companies (TNCs) like Uber and Lyft. We build a theoretical model of the car service market to demonstrate how drivers under the two systems may have different reactions to fuel prices. Although all drivers pay for their own gasoline, TNC drivers have more flexibility in reducing their supply when operating costs are relatively higher. Due to greater regulation, taxi drivers are more fixed in their supply but receive a “rigidity dividend” from paying greater gas costs while profiting from the reduced competition when TNC drivers leave the market. Through ordinary least squares and seemingly unrelated regression estimation, we find that a 1-day 1% increase of fuel prices in New York City is associated with a 0.367% to 0.486% decrease in trips from TNCs, while the quantity of taxi trips will slightly increase by 0.033% to 0.088%. Empirical results additionally show a diminishing marginal effect for the fuel price elasticity of TNC trips.
The origins of the 4 × 4 framework for noncommunicable disease at the World Health Organization

Abstract This paper traces the history of noncommunicable disease public health research and programming at the World Health Organization. Specifically, it investigates the origins of the now pervasive 4 × 4 framework focusing on four sets of diseases (cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases, and cancers) caused by four behavioral risk factors (tobacco use, harmful use of alcohol, unhealthy diets, and physical inactivity). We have found that the 4 × 4 framework developed as a generalization from strategies to control epidemics of cardiovascular disease and stroke in high-income countries during the second half of the twentieth century. These strategies, which were narrowly focused on interventions to address behavioral “lifestyle” risk factors as well as pharmacotherapy for physiologic risk factors, were ultimately packaged as an integrated approach initially in high-income countries and subsequently extended to low- and middle-income countries, where they have failed to address much of the burden among very poor populations.
Understanding and applying the RE-AIM framework: Clarifications and resources.

Introduction: Understanding, categorizing, and using implementation science theories, models, and frameworks is a complex undertaking. The issues involved are even more challenging given the large number of frameworks and that some of them evolve significantly over time. As a consequence, researchers and practitioners may be unintentionally mischaracterizing frameworks or basing actions and conclusions on outdated versions of a framework. Methods: This paper addresses how the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework has been described, summarizes how the model has evolved over time, and identifies and corrects several misconceptions. Results: We address 13 specific areas where misconceptions have been noted concerning the use of RE-AIM and summarize current guidance on these issues. We also discuss key changes to RE-AIM over the past 20 years, including the evolution to Pragmatic Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model, and provide resources for potential users to guide application of the framework. Conclusions: RE-AIM and many other theories and frameworks have evolved, been misunderstood, and sometimes been misapplied. To some degree, this is inevitable, but we conclude by suggesting some actions that reviewers, framework developers, and those selecting or applying frameworks can do to prevent or alleviate these problems.
The Agility Total Ankle Arthroplasty: A Concise Follow-up at a Minimum of 20 Years.

Background:Between 1984 and 1994, a single surgeon performed 132 primary cementless total ankle replacements using the Agility total arthroplasty system. The purpose of this study was to report on ...
Compound environmental impact of urban mitigation strategies: Co-benefits, trade-offs, and unintended consequence

Abstract Urban areas confront a number of environmental issues including excessive thermal stress and concentrated emissions of greenhouse gases and pollutants. In past decades, many mitigation strategies have been designed and implemented to counteract these issues and ameliorating the environmental quality in cities, which can be broadly classified as white, green or blue infrastructure. The functioning and efficacy of urban mitigation strategies involve complex interactions between landscape dynamics, anthropogenic activities, and atmospheric transport, which leads to compound, rather than singular, environmental impacts. In this study, we conducted a critical review of the compound environmental impact of urban mitigation strategies, and evaluated, besides the targeted cooling effect, the resultant co-benefits, trade-offs, or unintended consequence, in terms of building energy saving, air quality improvement, carbon emission offset, and impact to human health. Furthermore, we proposed a novel mathematical framework that is capable of assessing the compound environmental impact in a unified way, together with some preliminary results as the proof-of-concept. A number of knowledge gaps are identified which calls for future transdisciplinary synergy among urban engineers, atmosphere and climate scientists, and epidemiologists.
Reflections on Geography, Technology and the Flux of Opportunity: Reassessing the Rise and Decline of British Economic Power: A Note

In this paper the author reconsiders the analysis he presented of the rise and decline of British economic power in Reflections on Geography, Technology and the Flux of Opportunity: Reassessing the Rise and Decline of British Economic Power, arguing for six insights British history in this respect affords that appear of more general relevance. 1. It is to be expected that a major historical event will not just be a national story, but part of a broader, global history in its origins, context and consequences. 2. A significant dimension of the former is that it is never just what one actor does "right" in the competitive international arena, but what others do "wrong." 3. In considering major economic developments it is not enough to look at geography, or technology, but rather necessary to look at the way in which the technologies on "the productivity frontier" open up new potentials in particular geographical contexts (or fail to do so), and this comprehensively. 4. While orthodox economists' free market pieties (and disdain for the economic history incessantly debunking them) make them loathe to admit it, government support matters enormously in industrial development. 5. Past success carries a later price. 6. Single events rarely, if ever, initiate or deflect a long historical trend by themselves, though they may slow or accelerate such a trend.
Deriving Value from Mandated Information Systems Across Business Lines: Healthcare Insurance Industry's Reaction to Medical Loss Ratio

Prior research on IS mandates (MdIS) has mainly focused on the organization as a monolith in responding to mandates. However, companies often compete across multiple business lines and prior research has not fully examined how companies derive value from MdIS when competing across different business segments where they face different levels of customer bargaining power. Evidence of deriving value is discernible in endogenous price and demand changes as the company adheres to the mandate. Under the Medical Loss Ratio clause of the Patient Privacy and Affordable Care Act of 2010, health insurance companies were mandated to invest in information systems and associated quality improvement processes that improve the health of insurance buyers. Health insurance companies in the US operate as one or more of the three business lines serving the individual, small group/employer with less 500 employees, and the large group/employer with more than 500 employees in each state in the US. The standard and alternate translog profit functions for the financial data of US health insurance companies from 2011-2017 shed light on the impact of MdIS on price and demand decisions. The results show that the demand and prices charged across the individual and small group business lines increased with MdIS and did not change for large group business line, providing evidence of differential implementation to derive value from customers rather than passively implementing MdIS as the cost of doing business.
Quantum Circuit Learning to Compute Option Prices and Their Sensitivities

Quantum circuit learning is applied to computing option prices and their sensitivities. The advantage of this method is that a suitable choice of quantum circuit architecture makes it possible to compute the sensitivities analytically by applying parameter-shift rules. We expect our numerical result to pave the way for using quantum machine learning for option pricing.
Noncompact Lie Groups, their Algebras and some of their Applications

In this introductory article we review briefly the underlying concepts of noncompact Lie groups and Lie algebras, Lie supergroups and Lie superalgebras, and of quantum groups. We also discuss some of their representations and applications.
Obesity: A Game of Inches

Obesity, like baseball, is a game of inches. Weight gain cannot occur unless energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. Such positive energy balance is a sine qua non for normal growth in the child, and for obesity in the adult. Very small excesses of intake over expenditure can make a big difference if present over a long period of time. Consider the children in the study reported by Klesges et al1 elsewhere in this journal (pages 126-130). At about 4½ years of age, these children were estimated (by diet history) to have been ingesting about 2000 kcal per day. This is almost certainly an overestimate of the actual caloric intake of these children (see below).
Group Behavior and Performance

1 Groups and their Attributes 2 Approaches to the Study of Groups 3 Current Frontiers of Group Research 4 Conclusion
Passive Propagation of Electrical Signals

The subthreshold potentials (too small to generate action potentials) can be passively propagated along the membrane. The time course, speed and distance travelled of these propagated potentials depend on three properties: membrane resistance, membrane capacitance and axial resistance. Keywords: length constant; membrane time constant; membrane resistance; membrane capacitance; axial resistance
Use of naltrexone to antagonize high doses of remifentanil in cats: a dose-finding study

Abstract Objective To determine the dose of naltrexone necessary to fully antagonize a high dose of remifentanil in cats. Study design Prospective experimental study. Animals Six healthy adult cats weighing 4.9 ± 0.7 kg. Methods In a first phase, remifentanil (200 μg kg −1 followed by 60 μg kg −1 minute −1 ) was administered intravenously to two cats, causing an increase in locomotor activity. Naltrexone (100 μg kg −1 ) was then administered intravenously every minute until the increase in locomotor activity had been reversed. In a second phase, six cats were used. Baseline thermal threshold was determined, naltrexone (600 μg kg −1 ) was administered intravenously and 30 minutes later thermal threshold determination repeated. Remifentanil (200 μg kg −1 followed by 60 μg kg −1 minute −1 ) was administered intravenously and thermal threshold determination repeated at 60, 120, 180, and/or 240 minutes after naltrexone administration. Thermal threshold determinations were started shortly after the start of the continuous rate infusion (CRI) of remifentanil and this CRI was discontinued immediately after thermal threshold determination. If an increase in thermal threshold was found, naltrexone administration was repeated at decreasing intervals in the next experiment (all cats were not used for all dosing intervals). Experiments were repeated until a naltrexone dosing interval was found that prevented increases in thermal threshold for 4 hours in all six cats. Results In the first phase, both cats became severely dysphoric following remifentanil administration. A cumulative naltrexone dose of 300 μg kg −1 was necessary to restore normal behavior in both cats. In the second phase, hourly administration of naltrexone (600 μg kg −1 ) prevented increases in thermal threshold associated with hourly administration of remifentanil for 4 hours. Less frequent administration did not prevent increases in thermal threshold consistently. Conclusions Hourly administration of naltrexone (600 μg kg −1 ) antagonizes the behavioral and antinociceptive effects of a high dose of remifentanil in cats. Clinical relevance Naltrexone may be useful for the treatment of opioid overdose in cats.
Long-Chain Glycerol Diether and Polyol Dialkyl Glycerol Triether Lipids of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius

Cells of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius contain about 2.5% total lipid on a dry-weight basis. Total lipid was found to contain 10.5% neutral lipid, 67.6% glycolipid, and 21.7% polar lipid. The lipids contained C(40)H(80) isopranol glycerol diethers. Almost no fatty acids were present. The glycolipids were composed of about equal amounts of the glycerol diether analogue of glucosyl galactosyl diglyceride and a glucosyl polyol glycerol diether. The latter compound contained an unidentified polyol attached by an ether bond to the glycerol diether. The polar lipids contained a small amount of sulfolipid, which appeared to be the monosulfate derivative of glucosyl polyol glycerol diether. About 40% of the lipid phosphorus was found in the diether analogue of phosphatidyl inositol. The remaining lipid phosphorus was accounted for by approximately equal amounts of two inositol monophosphate-containing phosphoglycolipids, inositolphosphoryl glucosyl galactosyl glycerol diether and inositolphosphoryl glucosyl polyol glycerol diether.
Data clustering: a user’s dilemma

Cluster analysis deals with the automatic discovery of the grouping of a set of patterns. Despite more than 40 years of research, there are still many challenges in data clustering from both theoretical and practical viewpoints. In this paper, we describe several recent advances in data clustering: clustering ensemble, feature selection, and clustering with constraints.
Diphenyl 2‐Oxo‐3‐oxazolinylphosphonate

[78605-38-6] C15H12NO5P (MW 317.25) InChI = 1S/C15H12NO5P/c17-15-16(11-12-19-15)22(18,20-13-7-3-1-4-8-13)21-14-9-5-2-6-10-14/h1-12H InChIKey = XEHJDUMGVMBKNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (activation of carboxylic acids; formation of amides, β-lactams, and thiol esters; phosphorylation of alcohols) Alternate Name: DPPOx. Physical Data: colorless solid, mp 51 °C (n-hexane); bp 150–160 °C/0.03 mmHg. Solubility: sol acetonitrile, THF, DMF, CH2Cl2. Preparative Method: by reacting equimolar quantities of Diphenyl Phosphorochloridate and 2-oxazolone together with Triethylamine in CH2Cl2 at rt.1, 2 The product is isolated in 96% yield by filtration of the triethylamine hydrochloride salts, concentration in vacuo below 30 °C, and chromatography of the residue on silica gel. Analysis of Reagent Purity: 1H NMR: 6.74 (dd, J = 2.4 and 2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (dd, J = 1.7 and 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (bs, 10H). Handling, Storage, and Precautions: stable at rt, protected from moisture (over anhydrous silica gel), for several years. Complete hydrolysis occurs within 24 h in 50% aqueous THF at rt.
Analytic Coherent Radar Techniques for Target Mapping

From among the many inverse shape and motion techniques considered in our work, a review is made of four methods for target mapping using coherent monostatic and multistatic measurements. These methods can provide a wide variety of shape description: surface outline, a map of discontinuities, or a viewable image in two or three dimensions. The paper discusses the form of the resulting target descriptions, as well as the kind of processing-and measurements required. In so doing, the discussion also provides an account of the nature of inverse scattering techniques in general.
Heterojunction Interfacial Workfunction detectors for far infrared applications

Results are presented for a novel HEterojunction Interfacial Workfunction Internal Photoemission (HEIWIP) far-infrared detector with a cutoff wavelength of 70 micrometers . A responsivity of 10.5 A/W and a D* of approximately 1013 cm(root)Hz/W at 20 micrometers was achieved at 4.2 K. Dark current for the detectors was 2 orders of magnitude better than for homojunction interfacial workfunction internal photoemission (HIWIP) detectors at liquid helium temperatures. Capacitance measurements show similar behavior to other infrared photodetectors such as HIWIPs and QWIPs. The overall superior characteristics of HEIWIP detectors over HIWIP and QWIP detectors at longer wavelengths are of interest for future developments in far-infrared applications.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Socializing Secondary-Level Student Teachers: Is This Happening in Your School?.

This study investigates the experiences of secondary-level student teachers in negotiating local school culture, as illustrated by data collected through surveys sent to secondary-level school principals in northeast Pennsylvania. The findings reveal a variety of approaches for introducing student teachers to building procedures and personnel, with the role of the principal emphasized in the creation of a climate conducive to career building for teaching candidates.
Flavor aversions and deprivation state

In the first four experiments, it was found that aversions to saccharin solution produced by contingent poisoning were similar regardless of whether the rats had been trained under the test deprivation or under a different deprivation; the two deprivation states used were thirst and satiety. In Experiment 5, rats were poisoned after drinking grape juice while hungry or poisoned after drinking milk while thirsty, but they were not poisoned after grape-thirst or milk-hunger combinations. In abstract terms, poisoning occurred after AX and BY stimulus combinations, but did not occur after AY and BX combinations. There was some learning under these discrimination conditions.
Double-Toroid, Almost-Polyhex Fullerenes

Abstract This study presents examples of double-toroid fullerenes comprised entirely of hexagonal faces except as required by Euler's polyhedron closure rule. Kekule structure counts give a rough idea of stability of these structures relative to each other and to other types of fullerenes with the same carbon number (C120). Electronic constraints demanded by the various atomic arrangements are discussed, along with possible applications.
Foliar dehydration tolerance of mycorrhizal cowpea, soybean and bush bean

Summary • Foliar dehydration tolerance of three mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal legumes is presented here. • Leaf water potential, osmotic adjustment and soil matric potential at the end of a lethal drying episode were compared in soybean, cowpea and bush bean colonized or uncolonized by Glomus intraradices. • Lethal leaf water potential were similar among treatments except in soybean, for which nonmycorrhizal plants given low phosphorus fertilization had values 0.3–0.4 MPa lower than mycorrhizal plants or nonmycorrhizal plants given higher phosphorus fertilization. Mycorrhizal symbiosis did not affect osmotic adjustment or lethal soil matric potential. Nonmycorrhizal cowpeas given low phosphorus showed more osmotic adjustment than nonmycorrhizal cowpeas given higher phosphorus. Foliage of host species typically classified as drought avoiders, cowpea and bush bean, survived to lower soil matric potentials than soybean, although soybean foliage was more tolerant of dehydration. • Our findings support the idea that when arbuscular mycorrhizal plants fare better than nonmycorrhizal plants during drought, it is probably due to enhanced drought avoidance capabilities conferred by the symbiosis rather than to changes in ability of foliage to withstand dehydration.
Focusing of Photon Echoes

It is shown that the radius of curvature ${R}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}$ of the photon echo is related to the radius of curvature $R$ of the first pulse and ${R}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ of the second pulse by $\frac{1}{{R}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}}=\frac{2}{{R}^{\ensuremath{'}}}\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{R}$ and yields a focusing effect for the photon echo.