cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FAILURE OF THE REID HUNT ACETONITRILE REACTION AS A CLINICAL TEST FOR YPERTHYROIDISM1

The acetonitrile reaction was first described by Reid Hunt in 1905. It is based on the reported fact that feeding thyroid to white mice causes an increased resistance to poisoning by acetonitrile. A rather extensive literature has accumulated on the subject, and since 1925 most of the publications have appeared in German periodicals. A clinical test for hyperthyroidism has been evolved which is said to be particularly valuable in early or mild forms of the disease. Attempts by the author to duplicate some of the work gave results so contradictory that it was decided to make a more careful analysis, using newer methods and standards of bio-assay. Their application has cast serious doubt upon the validity of conclusions, interpretations and hypotheses reached by older, less exact procedures. After his first papers in 1905 (1, 2), Hunt published a series of contributions on the subject. In a long article in 1923 (3) he summarized most of the work up to that time, stressing the fact that the reaction occurred...
Administrative Policies Regarding Advanced Placement And Honors Coursework

How do policies regarding honors pro grams compare to those dealing with Advanced Placement programs in our nation's schools? That was the focus of one study, the results of which are reported on the following pages.
ComPaSS: a communication package for scalable software design

Abstract In massively parallel computers (MPCs), efficient communication among processors is critical to performance. This paper describes the initial implementation of the ComPaSS communication library to support scalable software development in MPCs. ComPaSS provides high-level global communication operations for both data manipulation and process control, many of which are based upon a small set of low-level communication primitives. The low-level operations of the ComPaSS library are provably optimal for a class of architectures representative of many commercial scalable systems, in particular those using wormhole routing and n -dimensional mesh network topologies. This paper concentrates on the multicast and multireceive components of the ComPaSS library, which are fundamental to implementing efficient high-level data parallel operations. The design of the multicast and multireceive primitives is described and an example of a data parallel application utilizing ComPaSS multicast is given. The scalability of these primitives is discussed, and improvements in performance resulting from use of the library on a 64-node nCUBE-2 are presented.
One Size Does Not Fit All: Improving Clinical Practice in Older Children and Adolescents With Language and Learning Disorders

Purpose In the lead article for this clinical forum, Kamhi (2014) suggests ways that current knowledge on instructional practices in learning and language can be applied to clinical practice in language disorders. I propose that Kamhi's suggestions are in need of fine-tuning for older children and adolescents with language disorders. A one-size-fits-all approach to language intervention across a broad age range is untenable due to unique needs and capabilities of this older population. Method Three intervention goal priorities for older students are presented with supporting research: complex (multiclausal) sentences, verb structure, and expository text. Methodologies for teaching complex sentences are discussed next, including topics of content/form balance and treatment intensity. These goals and methods are designed to assist students with language disorders in the comprehension and production of complex language they encounter in school. Conclusion Guidance for high-priority language intervention goal...
Secure multidimensional range queries over outsourced data

In this paper, we study the problem of supporting multidimensional range queries on encrypted data. The problem is motivated by secure data outsourcing applications where a client may store his/her data on a remote server in encrypted form and want to execute queries using server's computational capabilities. The solution approach is to compute a secure indexing tag of the data by applying bucketization (a generic form of data partitioning) which prevents the server from learning exact values but still allows it to check if a record satisfies the query predicate. Queries are evaluated in an approximate manner where the returned set of records may contain some false positives. These records then need to be weeded out by the client which comprises the computational overhead of our scheme. We develop a bucketization procedure for answering multidimensional range queries on multidimensional data. For a given bucketization scheme, we derive cost and disclosure-risk metrics that estimate client's computational overhead and disclosure risk respectively. Given a multidimensional dataset, its bucketization is posed as an optimization problem where the goal is to minimize the risk of disclosure while keeping query cost (client's computational overhead) below a certain user-specified threshold value. We provide a tunable data bucketization algorithm that allows the data owner to control the trade-off between disclosure risk and cost. We also study the trade-off characteristics through an extensive set of experiments on real and synthetic data.
How Choices In Exchange Design For States Could Affect Insurance Premiums And Levels Of Coverage

The Affordable Care Act gives states the option to create health insurance exchanges from which individuals and small employers can purchase health insurance. States have considerable flexibility in how they design and implement these exchanges. We analyze several key design options being considered, using the Urban Institute's Health Insurance Policy Simulation Model: creating separate versus merged small-group and nongroup markets, eliminating age rating in these markets, removing the small-employer credit, and setting the maximum number of employees for firms in the small-group market at 50 versus 100 workers. Among our findings are that merging the small-group and nongroup markets would result in 1.7 million more people nationwide participating in the exchanges and, because of greater affordability of nongroup coverage, approximately 1.0 million more people being insured than if the risk pools were not merged. The various options generate relatively small differences in overall coverage and cost, although some, such as reducing age rating bands, would result in higher costs for some people while lowering costs for others. These cost effects would be most apparent among people who purchase coverage without federal subsidies. On the whole, we conclude that states can make these design choices based on local support and preferences without dramatic repercussions for overall coverage and cost outcomes.
Pre-symptomatic detection and genetic counselling in myotonic dystrophy.

A study of patients with myotonic dystrophy and their first degree relatives has shown that 17.6 % of asymptomatic individuals at risk were definitely affected on the basis of neurological and slit lamp examination, while a further 13.7 % showed suspicious but not diagnostic changes. In those individuals who were definitely affected neurologically, a high incidence of lens opacities was shown by the slit lamp, except during the first decade of life. Analysis of penetrance of the myotonic dystrophy gene in the offspring of affected individuals suggested that penetrance was largely complete by adulthood. No instance of mutation was encountered in the study, and it is suggested that undetected transmission is much more frequently responsible for the apparently isolated case than is mutation. The use in genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis of the various methods of detecting the myotonic dystrophy gene is discussed.
Waste treatment applications of enzymes: opportunities and obstacles

Abstract The use of enzymes in waste treatment processes has been proposed by a number of investigators. However, most of this work has focused on demonstrating the disappearance of target pollutants and has not considered the engineering issues that will ultimately determine the process feasibility. The conditions that occur in most waste treatment situations are very different from the conditions that exist in chemical manufacturing processes, so the technical concerns in implementing enzyme technology cannot be extrapolated directly from experience in the manufacturing sector. The waste treatment situations that may be appropriate for enzyme technology are presented, along with criteria for enzymes that may be of near-term applicability. Previous work on the waste treatment applications of enzymes is reviewed and the technical issues that must be considered in feasibility determinations are discussed.
A control loop structure based on semi-nonnegative matrix factorization for input-coupled systems

This paper introduces a control structure based on the semi-nonnegative matrix factorization (SNMF) to simultaneously control multiple subsystems with a reduced number of inputs. The inspiration for this new control construct is a pin array human machine interface, called Digital Clay. Digital Clay uses a row-column method to control many actuators with a few inputs. The singular value decomposition (SVD) was previously studied to simultaneously control all of the actuators when using the row-column method. However, the SVD technique is not physically implantable in the row-column structure of Digital Clay due to the non-negativity constraints of the control signal. This paper proposes a system based on the SNMF, which is a low-rank approximation method with non-negativity constraints. An SNMF algorithm is presented, and its implementation in a feedback control loop, called the SNMF System, is discussed. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the SNMF System.
Mapping gene clusters within arrayed metagenomic libraries to expand the structural diversity of biomedically relevant natural products

Complex microbial ecosystems contain large reservoirs of unexplored biosynthetic diversity. Here we provide an experimental framework and data analysis tool to facilitate the targeted discovery of natural-product biosynthetic gene clusters from the environment. Multiplex sequencing of barcoded PCR amplicons is followed by sequence similarity directed data parsing to identify sequences bearing close resemblance to biosynthetically or biomedically interesting gene clusters. Amplicons are then mapped onto arrayed metagenomic libraries to guide the recovery of targeted gene clusters. When applied to adenylation- and ketosynthase-domain amplicons derived from saturating soil DNA libraries, our analysis pipeline led to the recovery of biosynthetic clusters predicted to encode for previously uncharacterized glycopeptide- and lipopeptide-like antibiotics; thiocoraline-, azinomycin-, and bleomycin-like antitumor agents; and a rapamycin-like immunosuppressant. The utility of the approach is demonstrated by using recovered eDNA sequences to generate glycopeptide derivatives. The experiments described here constitute a systematic interrogation of a soil metagenome for gene clusters capable of encoding naturally occurring derivatives of biomedically relevant natural products. Our results show that previously undetected biosynthetic gene clusters with potential biomedical relevance are very common in the environment. This general process should permit the routine screening of environmental samples for gene clusters capable of encoding the systematic expansion of the structural diversity seen in biomedically relevant families of natural products.
ATTEMPTED PREPARATIONS OF PHOSPHORANES CONTAINING PERFLUOROPHENYL GROUPS

Abstract The reaction of perfluorophenol with phosphorus pentachloride in the presence of triethylamine or γ-collidine yielded perfluoropentaphenoxyphosphorane, 5, along with perfluorotriphenylphosphate, 6, and perfluorodiphenyl ether, 7. Attempts to prepare penta(perfluorobenzyloxy)phosphorane, 12, by a number of methods failed. Similarly attempts to prepare perfluorothiophenylphosphorane, 19, always resulted in perfluorothiophenyl phosphite, 20, and perfluorodiphenyl disulfide, 21.
Hormonal Control of Lysosomal Enzymes During Spermatogenesis in the Rat1

Acid phosphatase and β-glucuronidase, 2 lysosomal enzymes, have been studied in terms of their specific activities and cytochemical localization during spermatogenesis in the rat. β-Glucuronidase activity is detectable only in Sertoli and spermatogonia cells. Its specific activity is high in the immature rat, but with development of the spermatocytes it is markedly reduced. Acid phosphatase is detectable in all germinal cells, and its specific activity increases with development of the spermatocytes and with the formation of the acid phosphatasecontaining Golgi and pro-acrosomal structures of the spermatids. Hypophysectomy at age 28 days prevents spermatid formation, and the relative levels of β-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase revert to the specific activities characteristic of the 10- to 15-day-old rat testis. Treatment of the hypophysectomized rats with FSH and LH or with testosterone permitted spermatid formation, and the specific activities of acid phosphatase and β-glucuronidase progressed to leve...
Structure from Anarchy: Meta Level Representation of Expert System Propositions for Natural Language Interfaces.

In this paper we describe a meta level representation used for mapping natural language input into propositions of an expert system. This representation is based on verb classes that are structured hierarchically, with more general information encoded in the top level nodes and more specific information in the lower level nodes. Because of its structure, the representation is able to provide a detailed classification of the propositions, supplying a basis for defining semantics. It allows the system to answer questions about relationships between propositions without inferencing, as well as to answer questions the expert system could not previously handle.
Pharmacotherapy Options for the Management of Cluster Headache

Cluster headache is a primary headache syndrome characterized by attacks of severe unilateral headache typically lasting 30 to 180 minutes without treatment and prominent autonomic symptoms on the affected side. Often attacks occur in cycles lasting weeks to months with up to 8 attacks per day, and a minority of individuals continue to experience attacks throughout the year. Persons with cluster headache usually require both acute medication for attacks and preventive treatment to keep the headaches from occurring. Subcutaneous sumatriptan is the most effective medication for acute cluster attacks, but other triptans such as zolmitriptan nasal spray are also effective. inhaling 100% oxygen is also effective and is a useful treatment for those with frequent attacks or contraindications to triptans. Corticosteroids are among the most effective transitional treatments, typically used at the start of a cycle. Dihydroergotamine is an effective treatment for refractory or severe cluster headache with multiple attacks requiring large triptan doses. Verapamil and lithium are among the most effective preventive medications with good evidence of effectiveness, but other studies support the use of gabapentin, topiramate, diavalproex sodium, and methysergide, to name a few. Each of these medications requires monitoring for adverse events and can be discontinued within a few weeks of a cluster headache cycle.
Automated analysis of invadopodia dynamics in live cells

Multiple cell types form specialized protein complexes that are used by the cell to actively degrade the surrounding extracellular matrix. These structures are called podosomes or invadopodia and collectively referred to as invadosomes. Due to their potential importance in both healthy physiology as well as in pathological conditions such as cancer, the characterization of these structures has been of increasing interest. Following early descriptions of invadopodia, assays were developed which labelled the matrix underneath metastatic cancer cells allowing for the assessment of invadopodia activity in motile cells. However, characterization of invadopodia using these methods has traditionally been done manually with time-consuming and potentially biased quantification methods, limiting the number of experiments and the quantity of data that can be analysed. We have developed a system to automate the segmentation, tracking and quantification of invadopodia in time-lapse fluorescence image sets at both the single invadopodia level and whole cell level. We rigorously tested the ability of the method to detect changes in invadopodia formation and dynamics through the use of well-characterized small molecule inhibitors, with known effects on invadopodia. Our results demonstrate the ability of this analysis method to quantify changes in invadopodia formation from live cell imaging data in a high throughput, automated manner.
Ultrafast dephasing through acoustic plasmon undamping in nonequilibrium electron-hole plasmas.

Strong enhancement of acoustic plasmons in optically excited nonequilibrium electron-hole plasmas in bulk semiconductors is shown to cause ultrashort (\ensuremath{\sim}10 fs) dephasing times and very high carrier-carrier scattering rates.
Grazing angle Mach-Zehnder interferometer using reflective phase gratings and a polychromatic, un-collimated light source

Normal incidence Talbot-Lau interferometers in x-ray applications have the drawbacks of low fringe visibility with polychromatic sources when the wave propagation distance is increased to achieve higher phase sensitivity, and when fabrication limits the attainable grating density. In contrast, reflective gratings illuminated at grazing angles have dramatically higher effective densities than their physical values. However, new designs are needed for far field interferometers using grazing angle geometry with incoherent light sources. We show that, with the appropriate design and choice of reflective phase gratings, there exist pairs of interfering pathways of exactly equal lengths independent of the incoming beam’s incidence angle and wavelength. With a visible light grazing angle Mach-Zehnder interferometer, we show the conditions for achieving near ideal fringe visibility and demonstrate both absolute and differential phase-contrast imaging. We also describe the design parameters of an x-ray interferometer and key factors for its implementation.
Insect antifeedants from tropical plants II: structure of zumsin.

A novel A-seco limonoid was isolated from methanolic extract of Croton jatrophoides and designated as zumsin. This compound showed potent antifeedant activity against two lepidopteran larvae, pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (PC50 = 1 μg/cm2, PC95 = 8 μg/cm2), and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (PC50 = 2 μg/cm2, PC95 = 16 μg/cm2). The structure of zumsin was determined as 1 using a variety of spectroscopic methods including nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and circular dichroism. The structure consists of an A‘−B trans-fused ring while dumsin (2), a constituent of the same source, maintains an A‘−B cis-fused ring, and suggests two unique biosynthetic processes after A ring oxidative expansion. Keywords: Croton jatrophoides; Euphorbiaceae; Pectinophora gossypiella; pink bollworm; Spodoptera frugiperda; fall armyworm; insect antifeedant; limonoid; zumsin; dumsin
ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF REMYELINATION IN AN EXPERIMENTAL LESION IN ADULT CAT SPINAL CORD

This report presents ultrastructural observations on the cytological events that attend myelin formation occurring in the wake of demyelination in adult cat spinal cord. Lesions were induced in subpial cord by cerebrospinal fluid (c.s.f.) exchange (1, 2). Tissue from eleven cats at nine intervals from 19 to 460 days was fixed in situ by replacing c.s.f. with buffered OsO4 and embedded in Araldite. After demyelination, axons are embraced by sheet-like glial processes. An occasional myelin sheath is first seen at 19 days; by 64 days, all axons are at least thinly myelinated. The cytoplasm of the myelin-forming cells, unlike that of either oligodendrocyte or fibrous astrocyte in normal cord, is dense with closely packed organelles and fine fibrils. Many of the myelinogenic cells become scarring astrocytes and at 460 days the lesion teems with their fibril-filled processes. Oligodendrocytes appear in the lesion after remyelination is under way. Phagocytes disappear gradually. A myelin sheath is formed by spiral wrapping of a sheet-like glial process around an axon. Where the first turn of the spiral is completed, a mesaxon is formed. As cytoplasm is lost from the process, the plasma membrane comes together along its outer and cytoplasmic surfaces to form compact myelin. Only a small amount of cytoplasm is retained; it is confined to the paramesaxonal region and, on the sheath exterior, to a longitudinal ridge which appears in profile as a small loop. This outer loop has the same rotational orientation as the inner mesaxon. These vestiges of spiral membrane wrapping are also found in normal adult and new-born cat cord. Nodes are present in all stages of remyelination and in normal adult cat and kitten cord. These observations suggest that myelin is reformed in the lesion in the same way it is first formed during normal development. The mechanism of myelin formation is basically similar to that proposed for peripheral nerve and amphibian and mammalian optic nerve; it does not agree with present views on the mechanism of myelinogenesis in mammalian brain and cord. This is the first demonstration of remyelination in adult mammalian central nervous tissue.
A de novo interstitial deletion of chromosome 6 (q22.2q23.1)

A unique interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 6 involving bands q22.2 and q23.1 was observed in a patient referred for craniostenosis and developmental delay. The associated phenotypic anomalies are compared with other reported cases of deletion 6q involving adjacent regions.
The efficacy, safety and tolerability of intracavernous PNU-83757 for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.

Purpose: Despite the introduction of sildenafil citrate many men with erectile dysfunction remain dependent on intracavernous therapy. While the majority achieves satisfactory results with currently available intracavernous preparations, all preparations have undesirable side effects, including priapism, fibrosis and post-injection pain. We determined the efficacy, safety and tolerability of the erectogenic potassium channel opener PNU-83757.Materials and Methods: We selected 66 men with erectile dysfunction of vascular etiology for intracavernous injection of PNU-83757 in a single dose, single blind, placebo controlled study. Of the 6 patients allocated into each of 11 dose groups 5 received active drug and 1 received placebo. Groups received progressive doses of PNU-83757 or placebo. Holter monitoring was performed at scheduled intervals. Heart rate, and systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure were assessed at scheduled intervals. Blood samples were obtained for pharmacokinetic study. Patients were ...
Transnationalism and Subnational Paradiplomacy: Are Governance Networks Perforating Sovereignty?

Abstract Has the traditional view of the nation-state as the only sovereign actor in international relations given way to a new model with globalization, the rise of subnational governments, and the potential weakening of the state implied by the governance and networks literature? Cross-border interactions now involve an enlarged cast of characters and much theoretical literature suggests that the nation-state is therefore losing power. This article presents new survey research of the Pacific Salmon Commission, a binational organization established under the Canada-U.S. Pacific Salmon Treaty in 1985. While such institutions have assumed a significant role in international relations, this research sought to determine if this represents a reduction of national sovereignty through increased power for either non-state actors or subnational governments.
Optical Hyperlens Imaging with Resolution Go Beyond the Conventional Diffraction Limit

We experimentally demonstrate a new optical imaging technique based on an optical hyperlens made by metal/dielectric metamaterial. The hyperlens can magnify sub-diffraction -limited objects into far field thus opens up new possibilities for optical nano-imaging.
Regulation of phytoplankton dynamics in a Laurentian Great Lakes estuary

The composition and dynamics of phytoplankton populations were examined in Old Woman Creek estuary, Lake Erie (USA). The centric bacillariophytes,Cyclotella atomus Hust.,Cyclotella meneghiniana Kutz., andAulacoseira alpigena (Grun.) Krammer, and the cryptophytes,Cryptomonas erosa Ehren. andRhodomonas minuta var. nannoplanctonica Skuja, dominated the phytoplankton most of the year. Chlorophytes, euglenophytes, and cyanophytes were observed less frequently. Estuarine and Lake Erie phytoplankton were considered distinct populations; lake taxa were largely confined to the estuary mouth and present only in low biomass. Maxima and minima of estuarine phytoplankton coincided with meteorological and hydrological forcing in the form of rainfall and subsequent storm-water inflows, respectively. Distinct population dynamics between the upper and lower estuary following storm events were attributed to the presence/absence of refugia serving as a source for repopulation by opportunistic taxa, fluctuating light conditions in the water column resulting from influx of particulate matter and resuspension of bottom sediments, and nutrient inputs associated with surface runoff and sub-surface interflow. Additionally, agricultural herbicides introduced by storm-water inflows potentially may affect and/or control the growth and physiological responses of individual taxa.
Assembly of the Human Neutrophil NADPH Oxidase Involves Binding of p67phox and Flavocytochrome b to a Common Functional Domain in p47phox

The human neutrophil NADPH oxidase is a multi-component complex composed of membrane-bound and cytosolic proteins. During activation, cytosolic proteins p47phox, p67phox, Rac2, and possibly p40phox translocate to the plasma membrane and associate with flavocytochrome b to form the active superoxide-generating system. To further investigate the role of p67phox in this complex assembly process, experiments were performed to identify possible regions of interaction between p67phox and other NADPH oxidase proteins. Using random sequence peptide phage-display library analysis of p67phox, we identified a novel region in p47phox encompassing residues 323-332 and a previously identified SH3 binding domain encompassing p47phox residues 361-370 as p67phox binding sites. Synthetic peptides mimicking p47phox residues 323-332 inhibited the p47phox-p67phox binding interaction in an affinity binding assay; however, peptides mimicking flanking regions were inactive. Surprisingly, this same region of p47phox was found previously to represent a site of binding interaction for flavocytochrome b (DeLeo, F. R., Nauseef, W. M., Jesaitis, A. J., Burritt, J. B., Clark, R. A., and Quinn, M. T. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 26246-26251), and this observation was confirmed in the present report using two different in vitro assays that were not evaluated previously. Using affinity binding assays, we also found that p67phox and flavocytochrome b competed for binding to p47phox after activation, suggesting that prior to full NADPH oxidase assembly the 323-332 region of p47phox is associated with p67phox and at some point in the activation process is transferred to flavocytochrome b. Thus, taken together our data demonstrate that both p67phox and flavocytochrome b utilize a common binding site in p47phox, presumably at distinct stages during the activation process, and this p47phox region plays a key role in regulating NADPH oxidase assembly.
Pre-Operational Environmental Survey for the Enrico Fermi Atomic Power Plant: 1958-1962

Abstract A pre-operational Environmental Survey for the Enrico Fermi Atomic Power Plant was begun in April, 1958, and has continued to the present time. Data are presented for the spectrometer analysis of air samples showing the fraction of the total activity that can be identified with the gamma-ray spectrometer. The observed variations in radioactivity with time and sampling location are discussed and the gross beta radioactivity concentrations in airborne dust at two Southeastern Michigan locations are shown. Observed relationships between the average radioactivity concentrations and the variations from the average are discussed. All the media sampled during the survey are evaluated in terms of certain stated criteria. Conclusions are drawn regarding general survey methodology, sample media and the usefulness of the pre-operational survey.
Graded mixed-layer OLEDs

We describe the performance of mixed-layer, small molecule organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) that are step-graded from a mostly hole transporting layer (HTL) to a mostly electron transporting layer (ETL) from anode-side to cathode-side, respectively. The devices are based on a green, electrofluorescent dopant and achieve luminous efficiencies of > 4.5 lm/W and 10 cd/A. These efficiencies are significantly higher than those of a uniformly mixed device, i.e., a device in which the HTL and ETL are uniformly mixed, but lower than those of a conventional heterostructure device employing the same dopant material. Operating lifetime of the graded mixed OLEDs, however, is much improved over the heterostructure device. We then compare the performance of fluorescent OLEDs at high current drive to that of phosphorescent OLEDs at high current drive in the context of passive matrix driven display suitability.
Comparing object-oriented and data flow models—a case study

Object-oriented analysis is the newest component of a proposed object-oriented software life cycle methodology. In this paper, we make comparisons between the standard data flow diagram (DFD) models and the newly introduced object models within the context of an existing moderately complex (approx. 65,000 lines) software project. In particular, we compare the complexities of competing models for the project domain using some simple metrics.
Gastroscopy in the diagnosis of gastric disease

Abstract Gastroscopy is a procedure which should be an adjunct to the clinical and roentgenologic study of selected cases of known or suspected gastric disease. Direct visualization of the stomach is of value in the examination in cases in which the clinical and roentgenoscopic evidence of gastric disease is uncertain or absent. It is particularly useful in those cases in which symptoms persist following an operation on the stomach. It has stimulated renewed interest in the problem of gastritis, and thereby has increased the interest of clinicians and roentgenologists in an effort to develop criteria by which they may determine the presence of such lesions with greater accuracy. Further studies must be carried out to determine the significance, importance, and relationship of gastritis to other clinical and pathologic findings; this is a field in which gastroscopy may be of paramount importance.
RELATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS OF TRYPTOPHAN and TYROSINE TO THE PHOSPHORESCENCE EMISSION OF HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN AT LOW TEMPERATURES

— Phosphorescence emission and excitation spectra, as well as decay profiles of human serum albumin, were investigated in the wavelength regions of the tryptophan and tyrosine absorption and emission spectra in potassium phosphate buffer at 77 K. Emission and excitation spectra were found to be linear superpositions of the contributions of the tryptophan and tyrosine residues. It is suggested, therefore, that there is no significant tyrosine to tryptophan energy transfer in this protein at low temperature. The phosphorescence decay is, in general, multiexponential with lifetime components of 5.95, 2.7, and 1.2 s. The longest lifetime is characteristic of tryptophan, whereas the two short components are attributed to two types of tyrosine residues located in different environments within the protein. The latter is confirmed by a detailed analysis of the phosphorescence decay profiles determined at different emission wavelengths, and utilizing different wavelengths of excitation favoring either the tryptophan or tyrosine residues.
BCL6: a novel target for therapy of Ph+ B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

BCL6 is a zinc-finger transcriptional repressor known for its oncogenic role in B cell lymphoma. In a recent issue of Nature , Duy et al. describe a novel role for BCL6 at the center of a transcriptional network in Ph + acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells that modulates their leukemogenicity and response to kinase inhibitors.
Complement deposition from reperfusion injury to skeletal muscle occurs primarily on type II muscle fibers

Abstract Introduction: The injury caused by reperfusion of ischemic skeletal muscle is mediated by the membrane attack complex of complement (C) ( Am J Phys 1999; 277:1263). This C activation results from local classical pathway activation after deposition of IgM in injured muscle, in analogy to gut reperfusion injury ( J Appl Phys 1999; 86:938). This study was performed to elucidate the exact site of C and IgM deposition in tissue injured by ischemia and reperfusion. Methods: C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to 2 hours of tourniquet-induced hindlimb ischemia followed by reperfusion for 0–6 hours. Three muscle groups (vastus, gastrocnemius, soleus) of varying fast-myosin content were compared for muscle fiber damage and C deposition. Adjacent paraffin embedded cross-sections were immunostained to correlate C3 deposition with muscle fiber type as defined by monoclonal antibodies. Results: Muscle injury after ischemia and reperfusion is not uniform and not all fibers in the same microscopic field are affected. Damaged fibers are also those to which C3 and IgM bind, exclusively. Immunostaining for slow twitch (Type I) or fast twitch (Type II) fibers reveals that injury and C3 deposition is confined to Type II fibers with lower myosin content. A correlation of Type II fiber content and degree of muscle injury showed that the predominantly fast-twitch vastus muscle had greatest number of damaged fibers per 10x field (28.2 ± 12.4) when compared to the mixed fiber-type gastronemius muscle (20.5 ± 5.3) and the mixed, but slow-twitch enriched soleus muscle (17.3 ± 11.8). Conclusion: Complement activation and skeletal muscle reperfusion injury occurs predominantly on Type II fibers with low myosin content. This suggests that attempts to control the post-reperfusion inflammation will likely produce substantial muscle recovery. Furthermore, the basis of the complement activation may be revealed in the comparison of the two muscle fiber types.
Adjustment of Reproductive Investment and Offspring Sex Ratio in White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Relation to Winter Severity

Both density-dependent factors and environmental stochasticity can impact the dynamics of free-ranging populations. The pathways through which these factors influence population dynamics can be complex and may be immediate or lagged, and cumulative effects of environmental factors have been reported. We examined the effects of the severity (snow depth and persistence and winter rainfall) of the current and previous winters on the probability that female adult and yearling white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) would produce a fetus, and that adult females would produce a male fetus. We used logistic regression and Akaike’s information criterion to select the best models from a set of 11 a priori candidate models. The severity of the winter 1 year before gestation negatively impacted the probability that both adults and yearlings would produce a fetus. There was no evidence that the probability of yearlings or adults producing a fetus was affected by winter conditions while gestating. Further, there was no evidence that the severity of the winter during which a yearling was gestated affected its probability of producing a fetus as a yearling. As the severity of the winter of gestation increased, the probability of producing a male decreased, consistent with both the Trivers‐Willard sex ratio adjustment hypothesis and the extrinsic modification hypothesis. We suggest that both the decreased probability of reproduction after severe winters and the variation in fetal sex ratio may ultimately increase lifetime fitness if they lead to the production of the fittest offspring given the available maternal resources.
Computer modeling of actinomycin D interactions with double-helical DNA.

Abstract We have performed molecular mechanical calculations on intercalation complexes of actinomycin D with a series of base-paired hexanucleoside pentaphosphates; d(GCGCGC) 2 , d(GCCGGC) 2 , d(GCATGC) 2 , d(GCTAGC) 2 and d(ATGCAT) 2 . Our results are in good agreement with pervious experimental work on sequence selectivity. The results provide a rationalization for the strong preference of actinomycin D to intercalate on the 3′ side of guanine residues, consistent with previously proposed models. Finally, the computed structures for d(ATGCAT) 2 -actinomycin D complexes have been compared with two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance nuclear Overhauser effect experimental results. To our knowledge, this is the first extensive comparison of molecular mechanical model structures for a drug-DNA complex with experimental solution phase data. We find generally good agreement between our computational models and the experimental solution phase structures.
Influence of background patterns of coincidence-anticipation performance.

15 boys and 15 girls, 6 yr. old, participated in a study assessing the influence of visual background patterns and object speed on coincidence-anticipation. The Bassin Anticipation Timer, utilizing light-emitting diodes in the lighted runway and pushbutton, was used to determine the subjects' accuracy of anticipation of the dynamic target light. The two object speeds were 1.45 and 2.90 kilometers per hour, and the two background conditions were a solid black background and red vertical stripes on a black background. Absolute and constant temporal errors were recorded for a total of 24 trials utilizing a random order of 6 replications of the 4 conditions. Analysis of variance indicated only speed of the object, and not visual background patterns, influenced coincidence-anticipation performance. Language: en
Topography and structure of the Peru-Chile trench

During the Scripps Institution's IGY Expedition Downwind of 1957–1958 the research vessels Horizon and Spencer F. Baird spent 41 ship-days conducting geological-geophysical studies in two portions of the Peru-Chile Trench, concentrating their efforts off northern Chile and central Peru. Data from 5400 miles of echo-sounding traverses and eight seismic-refraction stations (three off Peru, five off Chile) are here reported. The peru-Chile Trench, lying off southern Ecuador to central Chile, is interrupted off southern Peru by the northeast-trending Nasca Ridge. North of Nasca Ridge the trench reaches a maximum depth of nearly 6500 m. Characteristically, the trench floor is flat; this flatness is attributed principally to land-derived sediment, introduced by the intermittenly-flowing rivers of the coastal zone, passing down the trench flank. South of Nasca Ridge, off the Atacama Desert, relatively little sediment reaches the narrow trench bottom. Here the maximum depth is slightly more than 8000 m. South of 27° 30′S the trench shoals in a series of nearly flat-floored basins. River-transported solid phases here form a major portion of the trench-floor sediment. Seismic refraction studies of two sections across the trench off Chile and Peru are very similar in that both show that crustal thickening begins westward of the trench and reaches a thickness of about 11 km beneath the trench axis. The Mohorovicic Discontinuity, which is found at a depth of about 17 km below sea level at the trench axis, plunges steeply to the east with a slope not inconsistent with the depths of about 65 km beneath the Andes, estimated from the observations of Tuve and Tatel.
Mount St. Helens: A 30‐Year Legacy of Volcanism

The spectacular eruption of Mount St. Helens on 18 May 1980 electrified scientists and the public. Photodocumentation of the colossal landslide, directed blast, and ensuing eruption column—which reached as high as 25 kilometers in altitude and lasted for nearly 9 hours—made news worldwide. Reconnaissance of the devastation spurred efforts to understand the power and awe of those moments (Figure 1). The eruption remains a seminal historical event—studying it and its aftermath revolutionized the way scientists approach the field of volcanology. Not only was the eruption spectacular, but also it occurred in daytime, at an accessible volcano, in a country with the resources to transform disaster into scientific opportunity, amid a transformation in digital technology. Lives lost and the impact of the eruption on people and infrastructure downstream and downwind made it imperative for scientists to investigate events and work with communities to lessen losses from future eruptions.
Ocular tilt reaction due to an upper brainstem lesion: paroxysmal skew deviation, torsion, and oscillation of the eyes with head tilt.

A patient with a focal brainstem abscess in the region of the zona incerta developed a chronic oculocephalic dyskinesia in which paraoxysmal tonic skew deviation and torsion of the eyes were coupled with ocular oscillations and head tilt.
Structures, oxygenation kinetics and superconductivity of Y1−yLayBa2Cu3Ox

YBa2Cu3Ox type structures are obtained by partial substitution according to Y1−yLayBa2Cu3Ox over the entire range of composition. However, structures and superconducting transition temperatures, Ts, depend delicately on initial and subsequent heat treatment and O2 pressures. For conventionally prepared materials (initial calcining at 1220 K, denoted C 1220 K) structural transformations as a function of increasing annealing temperature Ta (under air) encompass a change from an orthorhombic modification with b ⋍ c3 (Obc phase) to an orthorhombic modification with a ≠ b ≠ c3 (Oa,b,c phase) for low y. At higher values of y only the degree of a - b splitting decreases with increasing Ta. This splitting however decreases with increasing y. C 1220 K materials can be prepared under air with superconducting transition temperatures Ts ⋍ 90 K up to y = 0.5 but Ts decreases sharply to 60 K thereafter. For these materials, the activation energies of O uptake decrease somewhat with y. Initial calcining of YBa2Cu3Ox at relatively low temperature (e.g., at 1020 K from the nitrates) results in a tetragonal modification which is stable versus further annealing at lower temperatures. The situation is similar with LaBa2Cu3Ox, however, different thermal treatment is needed to achieve an orthorhombic phase and Ts approaching 90 K. Data are discussed within a model according to which a Ts ~ 60 K is connected with localized holes (or valency > 2) on Cu chains which experience stronger lattice pressure due to the absence of CuO buckling. When Cu planes also become mixed valent, Ts ~ 90 K.
A Study of the Relationship Between Adolescent Pregnancy and life-Change Events

(1981). A Study of the Relationship Between Adolescent Pregnancy and life-Change Events. Issues in Mental Health Nursing: Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 219-236.
Vortex cutting by a blade. II - Computations of vortex response

Computations of the interaction between a line vortex and blades of various thicknesses and angles of attack traveling in a direction normal to the vortex axis have been performed. A procedure to enable instantaneous cutting of the vortex is used in the case of thin blades to study vortex interaction with the blade both before and after vortex cutting has occurred. To isolate the effect of blade thickness on vortex bending, additional computations have been performed of the interaction between a line vortex and circular cylinders of various diameters. The vortex is represented by a filament model which includes axial flow within the core and noouniform core area, and the effect of the blade or cylinder on the vortex is obtained using a vortex sheet panel method
A test for conjugacy of partitions of finite sets

Abstract In this note we present a simple test, involving a sequence of integers, which assures the conjugacy of a given partition P of a finite set S when our operations lead only to nonnegative integers. If negative integers appear in our operations, our test is inconclusive. The test, when conclusive, and an elementary property of permutations determine a conjugate for P.
Electronic injection and conduction processes for polymer devices

This article summarizes mechanisms considered to explain electronic transport in organic and polymer devices, primarily light-emitting diodes. Four tables summarize models on the basis of thermal processes such as thermionic and field emission, a variety of tunneling paths, hopping, space-charge-limited models, and several field-dependent mobility models. Energy-band diagrams illustrate and compare selected models. This article catalogs the mechanisms in an effort to easily direct readers to the relevant literature for more detailed treatments.
Effects of frustration and magnitude of reward on selective attention, size estimation, and verbal evaluation1

Summary A high expectancy of success in playing a “fishing game” was established for all subjects (fourth-grade children) Subjects then played the fishing game for money A nonsense syllable was associated with the money. Half of the subjects were frustrated in their attempts to obtain the money, while the remaining subjects were rewarded in their attempts The dependent measures indicated that, relative to rewarded and control subjects, frustrated subjects (a) looked at pictures of money more often, (b) overestimated the size of money, and (c) attributed more positive statements to the syllable associated with reward Subjects frustrated on a larger reward showed these effects to a greater extent than subjects frustrated on a smaller reward These data support the hypothesis that the incentive value of a reward, and of salient neutral stimuli associated with the reward, is increased by frustration, and that this effect is strengthened by the use of larger rewards.
Computer, Internet, and E-mail Use Among Older Adults: Benefits and Barriers

An increasing number of older adults are using computers for communication, entertainment, and information. This descriptive study examined the perceived benefits and barriers encountered by 58 older adults. Benefits of computer use listed by these elders included a sense of connectedness, satisfaction, utility, and positive learning experiences. Barriers included frustration, physical and mental limitations, mistrust, and time issues. Professionals who teach and care for older adults need to be aware of the characteristics of older computer users. They also need to know the perceived barriers and benefits of computer, Internet, and e-mail use in order to tailor education and interventions to this population.
The assessment of ASR-affected structures☆

Abstract The characteristics of alkali silica reaction are discussed to obtain a rational approach to structural assessment. The role of micro-cracking and the cause of surface macro-cracking is set out. The usefulness to the structural assessment of expansion tests is discussed and an argument set out for the evaluation of restrained expansion characteristics as the dominant parameter of interest. A postulated design chart is given for the determination of the effects of restraint. From the discussions a proposed general method of structural assessment is evolved drawing on characteristics that can be determined by test. The need of appropriate testing is explained. Simple example calculations are given to illustrate the assessement method.
Mencius, Emotion, And Autonomy

L'A. aborde la philosophie de Mencius sous l'angle de l'opposition occidentale entre les concepts d'emotion et autonomie, afin de mieux montrer que la doctrine chinoise de l'emotion et de la vertu, fondee sur la notion de xin (coeur-esprit), s'eloigne de la critique rationaliste des passions chez Kant, et propose un modele du controle du soi qui rend possible la responsabilite morale.