cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Glyphosate-Resistant Goosegrass. Identification of a Mutation in the Target Enzyme 5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-Phosphate Synthase

The spontaneous occurrence of resistance to the herbicide glyphosate in weed species has been an extremely infrequent event, despite over 20 years of extensive use. Recently, a glyphosate-resistant biotype of goosegrass (Eleusine indica) was identified in Malaysia exhibiting an LD(50) value approximately 2- to 4-fold greater than the sensitive biotype collected from the same region. A comparison of the inhibition of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) activity by glyphosate in extracts prepared from the resistant (R) and sensitive (S) biotypes revealed an approximately 5-fold higher IC(50)(glyphosate) for the (R) biotype. Sequence comparisons of the predicted EPSPS mature protein coding regions from both biotypes revealed four single-nucleotide differences, two of which result in amino acid changes. One of these changes, a proline to serine substitution at position 106 in the (R) biotype, corresponds to a substitution previously identified in a glyphosate-insensitive EPSPS enzyme from Salmonella typhimurium. Kinetic data generated for the recombinant enzymes suggests that the second substitution identified in the (R) EPSPS does not contribute significantly to its reduced glyphosate sensitivity. Escherichia coli aroA- (EPSPS deficient) strains expressing the mature EPSPS enzyme from the (R) biotype exhibited an approximately 3-fold increase in glyphosate tolerance relative to strains expressing the mature EPSPS from the (S) biotype. These results provide the first evidence for an altered EPSPS enzyme as an underlying component of evolved glyphosate resistance in any plant species.
Enabling Distributed Model Management Using Semantic Web Technologies

In todays increasingly dynamic and competitive business environment, organizations strive to leverage their information resources to gain and sustain competitive advantage. Decision models as knowledge objects encapsulating problem situations, as well as means for leveraging information stored in corporate data warehouses, have positioned such models as an organizational resource that need to be managed, shared and re-used. Recent developments in distributed information technologies and the increasing reliance on such technologies by organization requires that model management accommodates todays distribute infrastructure landscape. In this paper, we leverage recent developments in semantic web technologies to enable model management functions in a distributed and heterogeneous environment. The proposed architecture leverages OWL to represent models at various levels of abstraction as well as pertinent problem domain, OWL-S to semantically annotate decision models represented as web services, and SWRL to facilitate model querying. Model selection and composition are used to illustrate the applicability of the architecture to model management functions in a distributed setting.
Business Disaster And Recovery Planning: An Illustrative Case Of A Corporate Accounts Payable Department

This paper presents a case that focuses on the Corporate Accounts Payable Department of a major corporation with the objective of reinforcing that organizations need business resumption plans for all units. Textbooks tend to focus on the information technology area which may lead students to overlook the need for business resumption planning in other areas. Students were asked to complete a set of case questions based on the case material. Comparisons of students’ responses to a questionnaire regarding business resumption planning showed that students who completed the case demonstrated a stronger understanding of the topic than those who did not.
PTSD-War Related

Cognitive-behavioral treatments show great promise for the treatment of PTSD secondary to war experiences. Clinical interventions that involve combinations of CBT techniques such as exposure therapy, AMT, and cognitive therapy need to be examined in randomized clinical trials both alone and in conjunction with pharmacological approaches. No such trials currently exist for PTSD secondary to any type of traumatic event. There is a clear need and a demand for these clinical trials.
Strengthening methodological architecture with multiple frames and data sources

The United States Department of Agriculture, National Agriculture Statistics Service (NASS) has long conducted statistical surveys and published official statistics about almost every aspect of agriculture. Survey frames include both a list of farm establishments and an area frame, which are often combined to produce multiple-frame estimates. The survey results have also been compared to administrative records on the disposition of commodities. The disposition of commodities, or other intermittent administrative records, which are often received sometime after the survey results are published, must align with published results. For example, hog and pig inventories are published quarterly, while complete slaughter administrative information that matches the inventories is available six to seven months later. NASS has utilized balance sheets and other analysis tools in an expert review process to align the published results to the administrative information. However, the tools lack the statistical rigor that is required by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) statistical standards. They are also deficient in the area of statistical measures of error, and are somewhat dependent upon the analyst. This paper will describe efforts to combine the multiple-frame survey results and other data sources using rigorous, statistically defensible methodologies that strengthen the overall results and meet OMB guidelines.
SYNTHESIS OF ( S )-PROLINE DERIVATIVES WITH AN ALKYLATED N-BENZYL SUBSTITUENT. BENZYLATION OF ( S )-INDOLINE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID

The synthesis is reported of (S)-proline derivatives which contain a 2,4,6-trimethyl-, 4-tert-butyl-, or pentamethylbenzyl substituent on the nitrogen atom. Under similar conditions the benzylation of indoline-2-carboxylic acid was unsuccessful. Treatment of indoline-2-carboxylic acid with benzyl chloride in the presence of KOH in dimethylacetamide gave the benzyl ester of N-benzylindoline-2-carboxylic acid which is unstable on light. Author: A. N. Popkov. English Translation in Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds , 2000, 36 (5), pp 544-547 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02290842
Taking the Re Out of Redistricting: State Constitutional Provisions on Redistricting Timing

Since the 1960s, redistricting has largely been considered a decennial obligation tied to the release of new federal census data. Yet in 2003, the Texas legislature notoriously redrew in mid-decade its valid congressional districts, without any new census information. And while all eyes were on Texas, five other states also drew new congressional or state legislative district boundaries to replace existing legal maps. Though the Supreme Court has declined to limit mid-decade redistricting under the federal Constitution, many state constitutions regulate the timing of redistricting - and in most states, the constitutional language is sufficiently ambiguous to provoke an underappreciated dispute. This article examines in detail the states' constitutional language and case law regarding redistricting timing, to chart the likely fault lines of future attempts to re-redraw district lines. It examines the states in which legislatures have unambiguous latitude to do as they please, the states in which legislatures are unambiguously limited, and the vast ambiguous middle. The article also discusses some of the most common scenarios in which disputes over re-redistricting arise, and explores their implications for how ambiguous state constitutional provisions are likely to be construed. Finally, the article offers an assessment of the effects of overly frequent redistricting, and offers some tentative conclusions about the future of efforts to address the re-redistricting controversy, in Texas and beyond.
Reliability of a clinical kinematic assessment of the sit-to-stand movement.

We examined the reproducibility of a kinematic assessment of the sit-to-stand movement in 15 healthy subjects using a standardized protocol. We examined the within-rater and between-rater reliability of the assessment using a clinically feasible method, the video-goniometric measurement method, to analyze the task. Two variables were measured to characterize the sit-to-stand movement: 1) joint angles for four body segments (head, trunk, knee, and ankle) and 2) three events (maximal trunk flexion, lift-off, and maximal trunk extension). High reproducibility was found for all joint angles, except for the head angle. Both within-rater and between-rater goniometric measurements were highly reliable (ICC greater than .80). Identification of the events was reproducible within raters and between different raters. We conclude that this method can lead to reliable assessments of a healthy population. The reliability data established in this study can be used to help clinicians determine the impairments of patients.
Official Privilege: State Security and the Right to a Fair Trial in the USA

The emphasis of this paper is on the effect of the state claiming a privilege of national security in a criminal case, either to: (1) prevent the defendant from gaining discovery of classified information which could be important in defending against the criminal charges; or (2) prevent the defendant from introducing classified evidence in his/her own defense, access to which has usually been gained by virtue of the defendant’s own activity with the intelligence services (CIA, FBI) or other police agencies. The state often claims national security in situations where the state itself is either dealing with criminals or using criminal methods in conducting normal criminal investigations, or, as in cases under the Classified Information Procedures Act, in conducting foreign or domestic policy.
Heterosocial Competence: Predictive and Construct Validity

Relatively few studies have evaluated the validity of the various measures used to assess social competence. This study evaluates the predictive validity of the Social Activity Questionnaire and the convergent and discriminant validity of various measures of heterosocial skill and anxiety. The sample consisted of 51 male under-graduates meeting high-dating/low-anxiety criteria and 42 males meeting low-dating/high-anxiety criteria. Multiple measures included a variety of frequently employed self-report measures, global ratings by others of skill and anxiety, specific behaviors, and heart rate. The Social Activity Questionnaire significantly differentiated both criterion groups on several measures. Intercorrelation among all measures reveals a consistent pattern of higher correlations within self-report measures. Issues discussed include method variance, validity, a multiconstruct-multimethod matrix, and average intercorrelations within method, situation, and construct. Suggestions for future research are p...
News Translators Latino Immigrant Youth, Social Media, and Citizenship Training

This article discusses how low-income Latino immigrant youth use the Internet for newsgathering. Contrary to previous assumptions about the digital divide, the youth almost universally owned cell p...
Formula for Describing Effect of Insect and Host Tree Factors on Resistance to Western Pine Beetle Attack

A descriptive formula for the effect of insect and host tree factors on resistance to Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte attack was developed. Research results suggest this formula: Resistance = f [(resin quantity, resin quality) ÷ (beetle attack density, beetle quality)], in which resin quality is measured by xylem monoterpene composition.
Causation Fallacy 2.0: Revisiting the Myth and Math of Affirmative Action.

Justice Goodwin Liu reexamined seminal affirmative action in higher education legal cases beginning with the landmark 1978 case, Regents of the University of California v. Bakke and leading up to t...
Intravenous Digital Subtraction Angiography of Arteriosclerotic Vertebrobasilar Disease

Intravenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was peformed in 111 patients with vertebrobasilar ischemia. Ninety percent of the vertebral images were of diagnostic quality; 23% of the basilar images were good quality and 53% fair quality; and 58% of the posterior cerebral images were poor. Compared with selective film arteriography in 23 patients, DSA tended to underestimate the degree of atheromatous disease. Segments of the basilar artery were often poorly seen, which could result in false-negative errors. DSA can provide a general assessment of atheromatous disease of the brachiocephalic vessels, including the vertebral and carotid arteries, and in many cases can exclude occlusion or critical stenosis of the vertebrobasilar system. However, it does not adequately image the posterior cerebral or cerebellar artery.
Humanity Tragedy In Government of the Town--Analysis Being Lost Sadly Written By LIU Xing-long

This passage analizes the novel Being lost sadly by LIU Xing- long from the aspects of topic evolution,humanity distortion, narrative character,aesthetical meaning, revealing the humanity deformity and character distortion, so as to show up the writer' s sense of disaster and feeling of sympathy for cherishing life.
Parallelization of Toeplitz Solvers

We shall describe parallel algorithms for solving Toeplitz and block Toeplitz systems, based on the Levinson type methods implemented in serial in the Toeplitz Package (by Arushanian et al. [1]). A matrix A, with blocks A i , j , has block Toeplitz structure if the blocks satisfy A i , j = A j − i for all i, j such that 0 ≤ i, j ≤ n − 1 and each block is a general matrix. The implementation and performance of these algorithms on MIMD shared memory machines will be discussed. It will be shown that the contribution of the inner product calculations to the time complexity is negligible for typical applications.
Political Censorship of the Cinema

During the twenty years preceding the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, a new form of entertainment was born: the motion picture. Its accessibility to mass audiences far outstripped that of any previous form of entertainment, and by general consensus the movies were viewed as a far more powerful means of communication than the theatre or the press. Given this perception that the cinema was both the most wide-reaching and powerful means yet developed of communicating with a mass audience, and conservatives’ well-established fears of the spread of ‘dangerous’ ideas through an attractive medium which could speak to all classes of the population, it is not surprising that demands for censorship of the movies developed quickly. Such demands gained widespread support among conservative elites, who generally viewed movies in much the same way as earlier authorities had perceived the theatre, as a hotbed of vice and subversion. They were especially concerned over the enormous appeal (and affordability) of the cinema to the lower classes. Thus, in 1914, a conservative Russian legislator, outraged by a newsreel depicting him in what he viewed as an ‘insulting way’, termed the movies ‘the new plague’, and warned his colleagues, ‘Beware! It may be I today, but it will be another tomorrow, and the day after loftier persons — in the service of the state — who will be ridiculed by this frightful weapon of propaganda, employed towards the revolutionisation of the popular masses.’1
A Long View of History: Cormac McCarthy’s Gothic Vision

Brinkmeyer explores what he calls Cormac McCarthy’s long view of history, one stretching from humanity’s origins to its apocalyptic future, that he sees central to McCarthy’s gothic imagination and fiction. In exploring McCarthy’s historical vision, Brinkmeyer draws from a number of the major novels, including Outer Dark, Child of God, Blood Meridian, The Border Trilogy, No Country for Old Men,and The Road. McCarthy’s long view of history, as Brinkmeyer shows, adds a startling and terrifying dimension to his fiction, a dimension of darkness and devastation that threatens to erase the significance of the human and the humane. In McCarthy’s forbidding world, as Brinkmeyer discusses at the close of his chapter, characters who perform small acts of goodness and charity stand out as McCarthy’s heroes, tiny but significant beacons of light signaling the way for McCarthy’s seekers in the vast gothic darkness.
DD96: „Ich zahle den Schaden selbst, ich bin systemirrelevant“ (August 2009)

Einem Alleinverdiener mit einem hohen Gehalt wird von Versicherungen dringend geraten, zu Gunsten der ganzen Familie eine Versicherung abzuschliesen. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines volligen Bankrotts ist zwar so hoch wie bei allen anderen Verdienern auch, aber der Schaden fur andere ist hier immens. Wenn der Alleinverdiener stirbt, kann es ihm eigentlich egal sein. Darf ihm das egal sein?
Mutually exclusive phylogenomic inferences at the root of the angiosperms: Amborella is supported as sister and Observed Variability is biased.

Identifying the extant sister group to the remaining angiosperms has been a subject of long debate, for which the primary currently competing hypotheses are that Amborella alone is sister or that the clade (Amborella, Nymphaeales) is sister. Both Xi et al. (Syst. Biol., 2014, 63, 919) and Goremykin et al. (Syst. Biol., 2015, 64, 879) identified Amborella as sister in concatenation-based phylogenetic analyses of their 310 nuclear genes and 78 plastid genes, respectively. But after application of Observed Variability-based character subsampling, both papers reported the clade (Amborella, Nymphaeales) as sister. Hence alternative character-sampling strategies may produce highly supported yet mutually exclusive phylogenetic inferences when applied to nuclear and plastid genomic data sets. Edwards et al. (Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 2016, 94, 447) defended Observed Variability and the (Amborella, Nymphaeales) hypothesis. In this study I respond to Edwards et al.'s (Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 2016, 94, 447) criticisms of Simmons and Gatesy (Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 2015, 91, 98) and use Edwards et al.'s (Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 2016, 94, 447) and Goremykin et al.'s (Syst. Biol., 2015, 64, 879) own data to demonstrate that the best-supported phylogenetic hypothesis is that Amborella alone is sister and that the competing evidence in favour of the (Amborella, Nymphaeales) hypothesis is caused primarily by methodological artifacts (biased character deletion by Observed Variability, MP-EST and STAR generally not being robust to the highly divergent and mis-rooted gene trees that were used).
The G-invariant and catenary data of a matroid

Abstract The catenary data of a matroid M of rank r on n elements is the vector ( ν ( M ; a 0 , a 1 , … , a r ) ) , indexed by compositions ( a 0 , a 1 , … , a r ) , where a 0 ≥ 0 , a i > 0 for i ≥ 1 , and a 0 + a 1 + ⋯ + a r = n , with the coordinate ν ( M ; a 0 , a 1 , … , a r ) equal to the number of maximal chains or flags ( X 0 , X 1 , … , X r ) of flats or closed sets such that X i has rank i, | X 0 | = a 0 , and | X i − X i − 1 | = a i . We show that the catenary data of M contains the same information about M as its G -invariant, which was defined by H. Derksen (2009) [9] . The Tutte polynomial is a specialization of the G -invariant. We show that many known results for the Tutte polynomial have analogs for the G -invariant. In particular, we show that for many matroid constructions, the G -invariant of the construction can be calculated from the G -invariants of the constituents and that the G -invariant of a matroid can be calculated from its size, the isomorphism class of the lattice of cyclic flats with lattice elements labeled by the rank and size of the underlying set. We also show that the number of flats and cyclic flats of a given rank and size can be derived from the G -invariant, that the G -invariant of M is reconstructible from the deck of G -invariants of restrictions of M to its copoints, and that, apart from free extensions and coextensions, one can detect whether a matroid is a free product from its G -invariant.
A model of the generic Vopěnka principle in which the ordinals are not Mahlo

The generic Vopěnka principle, we prove, is relatively consistent with the ordinals being non-Mahlo. Similarly, the generic Vopěnka scheme is relatively consistent with the ordinals being definably non-Mahlo. Indeed, the generic Vopěnka scheme is relatively consistent with the existence of a $$\Delta _2$$ -definable class containing no regular cardinals. In such a model, there can be no $$\Sigma _2$$ -reflecting cardinals and hence also no remarkable cardinals. This latter fact answers negatively a question of Bagaria, Gitman and Schindler.
Cognitive Development in Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery

Epilepsy surgery is a very effective treatment option for children and adolescents with drug-resistant structural epilepsy, resulting in seizure freedom in the majority of cases. Beyond seizure freedom, the postsurgical stabilization or even improvement of cognitive development constitutes a fundamental objective. This study aims to address key features of cognitive development in the context of pediatric epilepsy surgery. Many surgical candidates present with severe developmental delay and cognitive deficits prior to surgery. Recent studies support that global cognitive development remains stable after surgery. Individual developmental trajectories are determined by the degree of presurgical developmental impairment, age at surgery, seizure freedom, antiepileptic drug tapering, and other case-specific factors. Compared with adults, children may better compensate for temporary postsurgical deficits in circumscribed cognitive functions such as memory. Particularly for left-sided temporal resections, children present a clear advantage in terms of postsurgical recovery with regard to verbal learning compared with adults. In the case of severe presurgical developmental impairment, minimal postsurgical improvements are often not measurable, although they are evident to patients' families and have a large impact on their quality of life. Multicenter studies with a standardized assessment protocol and longer follow-up intervals are urgently called for to provide deeper insights into the cognitive development after epilepsy surgery, to analyze the interaction between different predictors, and to facilitate the selection of appropriate candidates as well as the counseling of families.
Mining Help Intent on Twitter During Disasters via Transfer Learning with Sparse Coding

Citizens share a variety of information on social media during disasters, including messages with the intentional behavior of seeking or offering help. Timely identification of such help intent can operationally benefit disaster management by aiding the information collection and filtering for response planning. Prior research on intent identification has developed supervised learning methods specific to a disaster using labeled messages from that disaster. However, rapidly acquiring a large set of labeled messages is difficult during a new disaster in order to train a supervised learning classifier. In this paper, we propose a novel transfer learning method for help intent identification on Twitter during a new disaster. This method efficiently transfers the knowledge of intent behavior from the labeled messages of the past disasters using novel Sparse Coding feature representation. Our experiments using Twitter data from four disaster events show the performance gain up to 15% in both F-score and accuracy over the baseline of popular Bag-of-Words representation. The results demonstrate the applicability of our method to assist realtime help intent identification in future disasters.
A COURSE IN THE RHETORIC OF BLACK POWER

In the fall quarter of 1969, one of the sections of Speech 251,1 a sophomore-level, multiple-section course in the School of Speech at Kent State University, investigated the speaking of black power advocates. There were at least three reasons for this particular focus: (1) advocates of black power are among the most dynamic and effective public speakers in our society and, as such, have drawn considerable attention in professional journals and the mass media; (2) there is concern on college campuses over the study of the black man; and (3) the course instructor sensed misunderstanding regarding the goals and methods of those advocating black power. An additional concern was that the instructor's methodology for the course necessitated the study of a group of speakers.
Utility of Activity Monitors and Thermometry in Assessing Sleep Stages and Sleep Quality

Activity monitors provide an inexpensive and convenient way to measure sleep, yet relatively few studies have been conducted to validate the use of these devices in examining measures of sleep quality or sleep stages and if other measures, such as thermometry, could inform their accuracy. The purpose of this study was to compare one research-grade and four consumer-grade activity monitors on measures of sleep quality (sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, and wake after sleep onset) and sleep stages (awake, sleep, light, deep, REM) against an electroencephalography criterion. The use of a skin temperature device was also explored to ascertain whether skin temperature monitoring may provide additional data to increase the accuracy of sleep determination. Twenty adults stayed overnight in a sleep laboratory during which sleep was assessed using electroencephalography and compared to data concurrently collected by five activity monitors (research-grade: ActiGraph GT9X Link; consumer-grade: Fitbit Charge HR,...
Construction of New Blocks

For most applications, blocks provided already by Activate are enough to construct models. Complex expressions can be encapsulated in Expression blocks presented in Chapter 7 and if it is desired to expose an advanced functionality through a single block, there is always the possibility of using a masked Super Block where the functionality is realized by a diagram. So there is little need to construct truly new Activate blocks. Constructing such new blocks is usually done mainly by library developers. Developing a programmable Super Block or a new basic block is not always an easy task but a block builder (BlockBuilder) tool is provided in Activate that facilitates such developments. The BlockBuilder GUI contains multiple tabs that can be used to define various properties of the new block. This graphical interactive tool will be briefly presented in Section 13.5.
217 NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY COUNSELING IN SHOSHONE, IDAHO.

Purpose of Study Shoshone, Idaho, is a small, low-income town with limited access to quality food centers and fitness facilities. This community medicine project was designed to give children and parents information about proper nutrition and physical activity during the existing town lunch program. Methods Used The lunch program in Shoshone provides free lunches to all children less than 18 years of age during the summer months while school is not in session but provides no nutritional information to participants. Handouts were prepared for children and parents using mypyramid.gov, including information about food groups and exercise ideas for families. The handouts were available in Spanish and English and were personalized for each child by age and activity level to indicate how much of each food group the child should be eating daily. Parents and older children were personally counseled on proper nutrition and exercise. Summary of Results The community was very receptive to the nutritional information provided. Most parents and older children showed a strong interest in the recommended daily amounts of each food group and enjoyed the information about pursuing an active family lifestyle. There were 116 children who came for free lunch on the day of the project, and most of them received information and counseling personally or through their parents. Conclusions Reached The residents of Shoshone, Idaho, have a need and a desire for education regarding proper nutrition, and this project aimed to begin that process. The free lunch venue proved to be an appropriate teaching site to educate underserved parents and children about nutrition and exercise.
Pretransplant malignancy among lung transplant recipients in the modern era.

Abstract Background Malignancy is a relative contraindication in transplant candidates, given the increased neoplastic risk accompanying posttransplant immunosuppression. However, the number of patients receiving a lung transplant despite pretransplant malignancy is rising, and their outcomes remain unclear. Our purpose was to examine the outcomes of lung transplant recipients with pretransplant malignancy in the modern era. Methods We evaluated the United Network for Organ Sharing registry for adult lung transplants that were completed between June 2005 and September 2016. Transplant recipients were stratified by pretransplant malignancy, with subgroup analysis by sex and active malignancy. The primary outcome was 5-year survival and the secondary outcome was cause of death. Kaplan–Meier estimates illustrated 5-year survival and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regressions controlled for demographics and comorbidities. Results Of 18,032 transplant patients, 1,321 transplant recipients (7.3%) possessed a pretransplant malignancy. Patients with pretransplant malignancy faced significantly greater mortality within 5 years (36.0% vs 32.8%, P = .017), an effect greatest in men with pretransplant malignancy (39.2% vs 33.7%, P = .002). Patients with pretransplant malignancy also faced greater risk of death from posttransplant malignancy (15.6% vs 9.4%, P Conclusion Patients with pretransplant malignancy, and particularly men with pretransplant malignancy and those with active malignancy at transplant, are at an increased risk of 5-year mortality and posttransplant death from malignancy. Balancing individual risk of posttransplant malignancy with immunosuppressive care is necessary to optimize outcomes for pretransplant malignancy patients.
Uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in three-bilayer Co/Cu and Co/Al superlattices

Abstract We present the magnetic properties of three-bilayer superlattices [Co(0.8 nm)/Cu(1.1 nm)]3 and Co(0.8 nm)/Al(2.2 nm)]3 grown by magnetron sputter deposition on SiO2 substrates. Using the surface magneto-optical Kerr effect we observed longitudinal magnetic hysteresis loops with low coercivity values of
Corannulene. A Three-Step Synthesis1

Thermal cyclization of 7,10-diethynylfluoranthene (3) in the gas phase gives corannulene (2), the smallest bowl-shaped polycyclic hydrocarbon fragment of C60 with fullerene-like curvature. Bromocorannulene (10) and 1,6-dibromocorannulene (9) have also been obtained from flash pyrolysis of 7,10-bis(2,2-dibromovinyl)fluoranthene (8). Short, practical syntheses of several corannulene precursors from acenaphthenequinone are described which have made corannulene available in gram quantities.
Convolutional Dictionary Learning With Grid Refinement

Given a continuous-domain signal that can be modeled as the superposition of localized events from multiple sources, the goal of Convolutional Dictionary Learning (CDL) is to identify the location of the events–by Convolutional Sparse Coding (CSC)–and learn the template for each source–through a Convolutional Dictionary Update (CDU) step. In practice, because we observe samples of the continuous-domain signal on a discrete grid, classical CSC methods can only produce estimates of the locations of the events on this grid, which degrades the performance of the CDU step. We introduce a CDL framework that significantly reduces the errors arising from performing the estimation on the grid. Specifically, we construct an expanded dictionary that comprises, not only discrete shifts of the templates, but also variants shifted by a non-integer amount and smoothly interpolated, that enable CSC and CDU to operate at a finer resolution than that of the original sampling grid. We term this approach CDL with grid refinement. For CSC, we develop a novel computationally efficient algorithm, termed Convolutional Orthogonal Matching Pursuit with an interpolated dictionary (COMP-INTERP). We use simulated data to compare COMP-INTERP to state-of-the-art CSC algorithms for estimating off-the-grid events, and demonstrate that it 1) achieves a competitive level of accuracy, and 2) is one order of magnitude faster. For CDU, we derive a novel procedure to update the templates given sparse codes that can occur both on and off the sampling grid. We also show that 3) dictionary update with the overcomplete dictionary yields more accurate templates. Finally, we demonstrate the competitive performance of the algorithms in two applications, namely spike sorting and super-resolution microscopy.
The Effect of Immunosuppression on Emergency Colectomy Outcomes: A Nationwide Retrospective Analysis

The impact of immunosuppression on the outcomes of emergent surgery remains poorly described. We aimed to quantify the impact of chronic immunosuppression on outcomes of patients undergoing emergent colectomy (EC). The Colectomy-Targeted ACS-NSQIP database 2012–2016 was queried for patients who underwent colectomy for an emergent indication. As per NSQIP, chronic immunosuppression was defined as the use of corticosteroid or immunosuppressant medication within the prior 30 days. Patients undergoing EC for any indication were divided into two groups: immunosuppressant use (IMS) and no immunosuppressant use (NIS). Patients were propensity-score-matched on demographics, comorbidities, preoperative laboratory values, and operative variables in a 1:1 ratio to control for confounding factors. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes included overall 30-day morbidity, individual postoperative complications (e.g., wound dehiscence, anastomotic leak, and sepsis), and hospital length of stay. Out of a total of 130,963 patients, 17,707 patients underwent an EC, of which 15,422 were NIS and 2285 were IMS. Totally, 2882 patients were matched (1441 NIS; 1441 IMS). The median age was 66 [IQR 56–76]; 56.8% were female; patients more frequently underwent a diversion procedure rather than primary anastomosis (68.4% vs 31.6%). Overall, as compared to NIS, IMS patients had higher 30-day mortality (21.4% vs 18.5%, p = 0.045) and overall morbidity (79.7% vs 75.7%, p = 0.011). Particularly, IMS patients had increased rates of unplanned intubations (11.5% vs 7.9%, p = 0.001), wound dehiscence (5.7% vs 3.5%, p = 0.006), progressive renal insufficiency 2.2% vs 1.2%, p = 0.042), pneumonia (12.6% vs 10.0%, p = 0.029), and longer median hospital length of stay [12.0 (8.0–21.0) vs 11.0 (7.0–19.0), p < 0.001] as compared to NIS patients. Chronic immunosuppression is independently associated with a significant and quantifiable increase in 30-day mortality and complications for patients undergoing EC. Our results provide the emergency surgeon with quantifiable risk estimates that can help guide better patient counseling while setting reasonable expectations.
Opposing Functions of BRD4 Isoforms in Breast Cancer

Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is a cancer therapeutic target in ongoing clinical trials disrupting primarily BRD4-regulated transcription programs. The role of BRD4 in cancer has been attributed mainly to the abundant long isoform (BRD4-L). Here we show, by isoform-specific knockdown and endogenous protein detection, along with transgene expression, the less abundant BRD4 short isoform (BRD4-S) is oncogenic while BRD4-L is tumor-suppressive in breast cancer cell proliferation and migration, as well as mammary tumor formation and metastasis. Through integrated RNA-seq, genome-wide ChIP-seq, and CUT&RUN association profiling, we identify the Engrailed-1 (EN1) homeobox transcription factor as a key BRD4-S coregulator, particularly in triple-negative breast cancer. BRD4-S and EN1 comodulate the extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated matrisome network, including type II cystatin gene cluster, mucin 5, and cathepsin loci, via enhancer regulation of cancer-associated genes and pathways. Our work highlights the importance of targeted therapies for the oncogenic, but not tumor-suppressive, activity of BRD4.
“Modern Day Presidential:" Donald Trump and American Politics in the Age of Twitter

The increasing power of social media over American news and politics is difficult to ignore thanks to the visibility of President Trump’s tweets both on online and traditional media. This paper seeks to better understand the strategy behind Donald Trump’s use of Twitter both as a candidate and during his first year as president. Through a careful study of his tweets and their ability to take advantage of the specific user makeup on Twitter and the choice of mainstream media to often echo his tweets in their coverage, a consistent strategy emerges based on a combination of traditional advertising practice and radicalist discourse that continues to reshape the American political landscape today.
Migrants in Latin America: Disparities in Health Status and in Access to Healthcare

The large magnitude and sudden nature of recent migration flows in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) impose challenges to receiving countries’ health systems, which have to provide care to a larger population. These challenges are magnified by the fact that recent waves of migrants are particularly vulnerable to health risks in LAC and may not have full access to healthcare. In this paper, we revise the literature on the disparities in the health profile of migrants compared to natives and we identify which are the main sources of disparities in migrants’ access to healthcare presenting, when available, evidence of these disparities and their sources in LAC. Based on this evidence, we provide policy recommendations aimed at alleviating migrants’ health disparities in LAC.
Aggression and performance in ice hockey

JACOBS, Larry W., M.Sc., 1978 Health and Physical Education Aggression and Performance In Ice.Hockey (71 pp.) Director: Dr. John Dayries The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the relation­ ship between self reported aggression levels and performance measures of ice hockey players. The Buss Durkee Hostility Inventory, which measures seven subclasses of aggression was administered to 37 Junior B hockey players (18 to 22 years of age) and compared to their point totals and accxamulated penalty minutes for the 1977-78 hockey season. All data were submitted to factor analysis by means of Pearson correlation coefficients. The resulting matrix revealed the strength of correlations between the instrument subscales, total aggression score and performance measures. The results indicated that players reporting higher levels of aggression were significantly higher (p -c .05) on penalty minutes served but exhibited no significant differences in regard to point totals. Position played had no effect on aggression reported or exhibited but point totals were significantly higher (p -< .05) for forwards. Within the confines of the present study it was concluded that aggression fails to augment the point scoring potential of ice hockey players but does correlate highly with penalized acts of aggression regardless of position played.
Teaching Reading to Students with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: An Observation Study.

Abstract Background Growing evidence supports the efficacy of multicomponent, explicit, phonics-based reading instruction for students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). However, little is known about the implementation of such instruction. Aims The purpose of this observation study was to describe the content and quality of reading instruction provided to kindergarten through third grade students with IDD in self-contained classrooms. Methods and procedures Researchers observed seven special education teachers and their seventeen students, examined teacher perspectives via survey and interview, and reviewed student Individualized Education Programs. Researchers coded 2,901 minutes of instruction for content, grouping, materials, instructional quality, engagement, and time spent reading connected text, using a tool adapted for the IDD population. Outcomes Observed instructional content focused on phonics/word study, followed by vocabulary and comprehension, then other areas. Within the already small classes, instruction was generally delivered individually or in small groups. Instructional quality and engagement varied by activity. Conclusions and implications Study findings suggest a need for greater systematic investigation of content and methods pertaining to reading instruction for students with IDD, instructional quality and engagement, and connections to student outcomes.
Provision of Onsite Childcare in US Academic Health Centers: What Factors Make a Difference?

Abstract Introduction Challenges to work-life balance, including childcare, have been cited as major barriers to career advancement for women in academic medicine. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the availability of onsite childcare at academic health centers (AHCs) for US medical schools and examined institutional characteristics associated with its provision. Data from the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) were used to identify US medical schools by region, type (private vs. public, community-based vs. not), financial relationship to the university, and numbers of female medical students, faculty, chairs, and deans. We assessed onsite childcare from publicly available information on institutional websites, plus phone calls to human resources departments at medical centers and/or medical schools. Results Our study identified 144 US medical schools from the AAMC database and collected complete data for 136 (95%). Most AHCs offered onsite childcare (62%, 84/136). AHCs in the Midwest (78%) were most likely to have onsite childcare, whereas AHCs in the Southwest were least likely (14%, p Conclusions Although accessible childcare is critical to the upward mobility of women in medicine, more than a third of AHCs do not offer onsite childcare. As more women in medicine navigate childcare demands, the expansion of accessible, quality onsite childcare at AHCs is needed to promote a diverse academic workforce.
The Need and Relevance for Public Rationality: Some Critical Reflections

Although the concept of rationality is fraught with ambiguity and endless theoretical debate over its varied meanings, I will argue that given the pervasive influence of instrumental and market values in public administration there is a need to develop what I refer to as public rationality. Public rationality is an attempt to integrate Socrates' maieutic process with Gramsci's concept of hegemony to expose and delimit the socializing influences of instrumentality on public life.
The Exon: Intron Structure of Some Mitochondrial Genes and Its Relation to Mitochondrial Evolution

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the exon–intron structures of some mitochondrial genes, examines the mitochondrial intervening sequences, and surveys their characteristic properties. Mitochondrial DNA is a physically and biochemically discrete entity, which is distinct and readily separable from its classical nuclear counterpart. Large mitochondrial genomes that are more representative of ancestral forms than are the more streamlined versions found in animals exhibit architecture both within and among their genes that are analogous to those found in large nuclear genomes. A number of similarities and additional features of mitochondrial genes and their expressions (such as codons, tRNAs, codon utilization, transcription, and processing of transcripts), which diverge from their prokaryotic counterparts, show that a mitochondrial ancestor is unlikely to have borne any resemblance to a contemporary Eubacterium.
METRIZAMIDE MYELOGRAPHY OF THE EQUINE CERVICAL SPINE

Case histories of 14 horses with pelvic limb ataxia requiring myelography were reviewed. Because differential diagnosis requires radiography, comparisons of lesion location, radiographic techniques, and lesion patterns were studied. Survey radiography and myelography were performed under general anesthesia, with recumbent-lateral and flexed-lateral views of the carnial and caudal cervical spine. Metrizamide was the myelographic contrast medium. Assessment of radiography as a diagnostic aid for cervical vertebral instability and cervical stenotic myelopathy was made through the comparison of survey radiographs and myleograms, in nonflexed and flexed positions, using these criteria: width of dorsal and ventral columns of contrast medium, compression of intervertebral disc spaces, presence or absence of bone proliferation at articular facets, remodeling secondary to vertebral instability. Radiography was an adequate diagnostic aid for cervical vertebral instability and cervical stenotic myelopathy. Distribution of lesions showed C3–4 most common, with C2–3 and C4–5 following.
Differential post-prostatectomy cancer-specific survival of occult T3 vs. clinical T3 prostate cancer: Implications for managing patients upstaged on prostate magnetic resonance imaging

Abstract Purpose/objective Long-term androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was proven in randomized trials to be superior to short-term ADT for radiation-managed patients who have clinical T3 (cT3) disease, but it is unknown whether patients with T3 disease seen only on magnetic resonance imaging require similarly aggressive treatment. We attempted to study this issue by analogy by comparing the long-term post-prostatectomy survival of patients with cT3 disease versus cT1/T2 disease upstaged to pathologic T3 disease. Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to identify 60,165 men diagnosed with prostate adenocarcinoma between 1995 and 2002 who underwent prostatectomy. Prostate cancer–specific mortality (PCSM) was evaluated by stage after adjusting for grade, marital status, race, sex, year of diagnosis, and age. Results The median follow-up was 10.5 years. Patients with cT1/T2 but pathologic T3a disease had significantly better 10-year PCSM than men with cT3 disease had (3.0% vs. 9.9%, adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 0.420, P P P P = 0.353). Conclusions Patients with occult T3a disease had less than half the risk of PCSM as those with cT3 disease, and a subset of those men had similar risk as patients with pathologic T2 disease. Therefore, it is possible that radiation-managed patients with low-grade/intermediate-grade T3a disease by magnetic resonance imaging only might not require long-term ADT. However, patients with occult T3b or high-grade occult T3a disease have similar PCSM as that of those presenting with cT3 disease, so they should be treated as aggressively, including long-course ADT when managed by radiation.
Cybersociety 2.0: revisiting computer-mediated communication and community

Introduction - Steven Jones Information, Internet and Community - Steven Jones Notes toward an Understanding of Community in the Information Age The Emergence of On-line Community - Nancy K Baym Designing Genres for New Media - Philip E Agre Social, Economic and Political Contexts Feminist Fictions of Future Technology - Cheris Kramarae Text as Mask - Brenda Danet Gender, Play, and Performance on the Internet Dating on the Net - Lynn Schofield Clark Teens and the Rise of 'Pure' Relationships Virtual Ethnicity - Mark Poster Tribal Identity in an Age of Global Communications Dissolution and Fragmentation - Beth Kolko and Elizabeth Reid Problems in On-line Communities