cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Yield, protein, and oil quality of soybean genotypes selected for tofu production

The soyfood industry prefers some soybean [( Glycine max L. (Merr.)] cultivars over others based on chemical constituents, physical traits, and processing quality of the seed. However, soybean cultivars possessing the combination of desirable agronomic traits and biochemical characteristics that enhance the quality of soyfoods have not been identified in the U.S. Thus, this research was conducted with the objective of determining yield, seed protein, and fatty acid composition of soybean genotypes selected for tofu production. Twelve soybean genotypes were planted in plots arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications at the Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, Georgia during 1994 and 1995. Seed yield ranged from 1.6 to 3.0 metric tons/ha. The protein content varied between 314.2 and 480.7 g/kg seed. Both BARC-8 and BARC-9 had significantly higher protein content than other genotypes. These two genotypes also showed significant year by genotype interactions for some fatty acids. V71-370 had the highest oleic acid concentration and a high ratio (0.92) of monounsaturated to polyunsaturated fatty acids. The concentration of linoleic and linolenic acids ranged from 406.5 to 531.0 and 37.1 to 63.0 g/kg oil, respectively. Seed yield was correlated with biomass, harvest index, and filled pods per m2. In this study, V71-370 was found to be relatively superior in oil quality with fatty acid composition desirable for human consumption. The significant variation for seed yield and biochemical characteristics observed among the few genotypes examined in this study indicates the potential for breeding high yielding soybean cultivars suitable for soyfoods. Therefore, there is a need for evaluation of soybean germplasm for agronomic traits that contribute to seed yield and biochemical characteristics including fatty acid profiles that enhance soyfood quality before initiating development of suitable cultivars for tofu.
The Hippocampus as a Cognitive Map … of Social Space

The traditional view of the hippocampus is that it creates a cognitive map to navigate physical space. Here, in this issue of Neuron, Tavares et al. (2015) show that the human hippocampus maps dimensions of social space, indicating a function in the service of navigating everyday life.
Thiostrepton, an Inhibitor of 50S Ribosome Subunit Function

Thiostrepton inhibits 14C-leucine incorporation by intact cells of Bacillus megaterium as well as 14C-phenylalanine incorporation by a poly U-directed extract of Escherichia coli. Extracts of E. coli which are pretreated by incubation with thiostrepton cannot be reactivated by dialysis to more than 5% of their former activity. The 50S ribosome subunit appears to be the site of thiostrepton action, since protein-synthesizing activity can be restored to dialyzed pretreated extracts by supplementation with 50S ribosome subunits but not with 30S ribosome subunits. This technique also provides a simple sensitive method for detection of the biological activity of very small amounts of 50S ribosome subunits.
The sensitivity of some nonhelical proteins to structural modification by sodium dodecyl sulfate and its homologues. Circular dichroism studies on Bence-Jones protein, concanavalin A, soybean trypsin inhibitor and trypsin.

Abstract Effect of sodium octyl, decyl, and dodecyl sulfates on the circular dichroism (CD) of Bence-Jones protein, concanavalin A, soybean trypsin inhibitor, and trypsin was investigated. The concentrations of the detergents were varied and the minimal amounts were determined that affect the conformation. It was found that: 1. 1.|The soybean trypsin inhibitor was most sensitive to the conformational change of its polypeptide chain backbone and Bence-Jones protein and concanavalin A were less sensitive in that order. 2. 2.|The side chain chromophores could be perturbed by lower mass ratios of detergent to protein than the polypeptide chain backbone. 3. 3.|The detergents reduced the CD bands in the near ultraviolet spectral zone and induced the formation of negative bands at 218–222 nm and 205–210 nm and a positive band at 190–192 nm; thus the interactions resulted in an increase of the α-helix content. 4. 4.|The effect of high alkyl sulfate concentrations on the side chain chromophores resulted in similar CD curves for all four proteins having several weak negative bands at 260–295 nm indicating removal of vicinal effects on these chromophores. 5. 5.|The effectiveness of the alkyl sulfates increased strongly with the increasing length of the hydrocarbon chain, e.g. one molecule of sodium dodecyl sulfate produced a similar effect as 10–30 molecules of decyl sulfate. 6. 6.|It was concluded that in nonhelical proteins the transition to α-helical conformation occurs chiefly with the bends and loops and other irregular segments of the polypeptide chains which in the native macromolecules were stabilized chiefly by hydrophobic interactions.
Precipitates in Long Term Aging Al 5083 Alloy

Al 5083 alloy aged at 343 K (70 °C) for 3–30 months was evaluated by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) results show that both thickness and continuity of β phase formed at grain boundaries increase with time. GP zones are observed in Al 5083 aged at 343 K for 3 months for the first time. TEM results reveal that GP zones can form homogeneously with the help of vacancies as well as heterogeneously at dislocations near grain boundaries, and the mechanism are explained in detail. Mg2Si precipitate was found to form at the grain boundary and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) results reveal that a Mg, Si (atomic ratio 1:1) rich phase nucleates at the interface of Mg2Si-matrix. β’ phase(Al3Mg2, hexagonal) is observed to form at grain boundaries of Al 5083 alloy aged at 343 K for 30 months. β phase was found at the grain boundary of Al 5083 aged at 343 K for 12 months using EDS.
Flagellin as an Adjuvant: Cellular Mechanisms and Potential

Flagellin is a potent activator of a broad range of cell types involved in innate and adaptive immunity. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of flagellin as an adjuvant, as well as its ability to promote cytokine production by a range of innate cell types, trigger a generalized recruitment of T and B lymphocytes to secondary lymphoid sites, and activate TLR5+CD11c+ cells and T lymphocytes in a manner that is distinct from cognate Ag recognition. The plasticity of flagellin has allowed for the generation of a range of flagellin–Ag fusion proteins that have proven to be effective vaccines in animal models. This review summarizes the state of our current understanding of the adjuvant effect of flagellin and addresses important areas of current and future research interest.
What Cortisol Can Tell us About the Costs of Sociality and Reproduction Among Free-Ranging Rhesus Macaque Females on Cayo Santiago

Research with the rhesus macaque population on Cayo Santiago can provide a unique perspective on the costs of sociality and reproduction in primates. Because the Cayo macaques live in unusually large groups and in a predator-free environment, in which their artificial food source lacks seasonal variation in abundance or quality, these monkeys constitute a semi-experimental study of the costs and benefits of group living. Here we review several long- and short-term studies that have focused on female life history and stress physiology. Long-term demographic data have shown that rhesus macaque females of middle- and low-ranking matrilines have lower adult survival probabilities than females of high-ranking matrilines. Costs of reproductive effort are also evident: adult females were more likely to die during the birth than during the mating season and they experienced higher cortisol levels when lactating. Lower-ranking females, in particular, experienced greater relative increase in cortisol production during lactation, in comparison to middle- and high-ranking females. Older high-ranking females had lower plasma cortisol levels than younger ones but cortisol levels were similarly high among young and old middle- and low-ranking females. Higher plasma cortisol levels and/or fecal glucocorticoid concentrations are associated with higher plasma concentrations of some proinflammatory cytokines. High cortisol, in turn, may be associated with chronic inflammation, and perhaps also with immunosuppression. In sum, the studies reviewed here provide multiple lines of evidence that sociality and reproductive effort impose measurable costs on female rhesus macaques. In line with socioecological theory, female dominance rank consistently emerges as an important modulator of variation in female life histories and physiology. The Cayo Santiago macaques are therefore a valuable model for elucidating the mechanisms by which within-group competition and reproduction impact health and survival in nonhuman primates and in humans. Am. J. Primatol.
A dynamic importance sampling methodology for the efficient estimation of rare event probabilities in regenerative simulations of queueing systems

Importance sampling (IS) is recognized as a potentially powerful method for reducing simulation runtimes when estimating the probabilities of rare events in communication systems using Monte Carlo simulation. When simulating networks of queues, regenerative techniques must be used to make the application of IS feasible and efficient. The application of regenerative techniques is also crucial in obtaining correct confidence intervals for the estimates involved. The authors present a methodology that uses IS dynamically, within each regeneration cycle, to drive the system back to the regeneration state, after an accurate estimate has been obtained. They also extend a technique developed earlier for finding near-optimal biasing parameters for link simulations to discrete-event simulations of queuing systems. The combination of these techniques was demonstrated by estimating blocking probabilities for the M/M/1/K, M/D/1/K, and GI/D/1/K queues. Improvement factors of thirteen to fourteen orders of magnitude were obtained for these examples. >
The practice of managing organization development in public sector organizations: Reassessments, realities, and rewards

This article examines some of the questions that have been raised by many scholars, consultants, and managers regarding the relevance of organization development (OD) to public sector organizations: Some of the questions addressed include: To what extent is OD--as a strategy for planning and implementing change--relevant to public sector management? What are the salient differences between public and private sector organizations that can affect the practice and private sector organizations that can affect the practice and effectiveness of OD? What strategies can be used to accommodate these differences? How can the practice of OD be effectively managed in public sector organizations? What kinds of modifications in the field of OD are necessary to enhance its future relevance to public sector organizations? What are the possible impacts of the Reagan cutback management philosophy for OD in the public sector? After exhaustive analysis, it becomes clear that the public manager who develops a fair understandi...
Tunneling reactions with two reaction paths

Abstract The WKB method and Taylor series expansions are used to derive an approximate expression relating the tunneling rates with two reaction paths to the tunneling rates of the individual paths. The two reaction paths originate in the same reactant well, travel over different potential barriers, and finish in the same product well. The validity of the approximate expression and the applicability of the WKB method to this problem are investigated.
The effect of active material loading on the performance of a cylindrical alkaline cell

Abstract The effects of varying the active material loading on the discharge performance of an AA-size Zn/MnO2 alkaline cell are studied. The active material loading is characterized by two parameters that reflect the weight fraction of solid material removed from the anode and cathode, respectively, in relation to a chosen base case configuration. The anode and cathode loadings are allowed to vary independently of each other. A variety of different capacity ratios are used. Results indicate that the best design is achieved by a specified reduction in the cathode loading, with a balanced amount of the cathode and anode active materials.
Influence of Ascorbic Acid on the Thermic Effect of Feeding in Overweight and Obese Adult Humans

The thermic effect of feeding (TEF: increase in energy expenditure following acute energy intake) is an important physiological determinant of total daily energy expenditure and thus energy balance. Approximately 40% of TEF is believed to be mediated by sympathoadrenal activation and consequent β-adrenergic receptor stimulation of metabolism. In sedentary adults, acute administration of ascorbic acid, a potent antioxidant, augments the thermogenic response to β-adrenergic stimulation. We hypothesized that acute ascorbic acid administration augments TEF in sedentary overweight and obese adults. Energy expenditure was determined (ventilated hood technique) before and 4 h after consumption of a liquid-mixed meal (caloric equivalent 40% of resting energy expenditure (REE)) in 11 sedentary, overweight/obese adults (5 men, 6 women; age: 24 ± 2 years; BMI: 28.5 ± 1.0 kg/m2 (mean ± s.e.)) on two separate, randomly ordered occasions: during continuous intravenous administration of saline (placebo control) and/or ascorbic acid (0.05 g/kg fat-free mass). Acute ascorbic acid administration prevented the increase in plasma concentration of oxidized low-density lipoprotein in the postprandial state (P = 0.04), but did not influence REE (1,668 ± 107 kcal/day vs.1,684 ± 84 kcal/day; P = 0.91) or the area under the TEF response curve (33.4 ± 2.4 kcal vs. 30.5 ± 3.6 kcal; P = 0.52) (control vs. ascorbic acid, respectively). Furthermore, acute ascorbic acid administration had no effect on respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate, or arterial blood pressure in the pre- and postabsorptive states (all P > 0.64). These data imply that the attenuated TEF commonly observed with sedentary lifestyle and obesity is not modulated by ascorbic acid-sensitive oxidative stress.
A geometrical interpretation for the symmetries of the free Green-Schwarz heterotic superstring

Abstract By using twistor-like fields similar to those of Sorokin, Tkach, Volkov and Zheltukin, it is shown that the local symmetry transformations of the free covariant spacetime-supersymmetric Green-Schwarz heterotic superstring can be interpreted geometrically as superconformal reparameterizations of an N = (8, 0) superworldsheet. The structure constants of the resulting N = (8, 0) super-Virasoro algebra are field-dependent, and for certain values of the fields, the symmetry transformations form a superversion of the non-associative Kac-Moody-Malcev algebra recently studied by Osipov.
Principles and pitfalls of clinical trials design.

Periodontitis and gingivitis trials can involve many complex experimental designs. The selection of a specific design and the details of the protocol can influence the magnitude of any effect observed, the generalizability of the results, and the clinical significance of the findings. The purpose of this paper is to review selected aspects of clinical trials including the overall clinical experimental design, controls, outcomes, sample size, and patient selection. Particular emphasis will be placed on Periodontitis trials. J Periodontol 1992; 63:1045–1051.
Antiandrogen Gold Nanoparticles Dual-Target and Overcome Treatment Resistance in Hormone-Insensitive Prostate Cancer Cells

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among men in the developed countries.(1) One in six males in the U.S.(2) and one in nine males in the U.K.(3) will develop the disease at some point during their lifetime. Despite advances in prostate cancer screening, more than a quarter of a million men die from the disease every year(1) due primarily to treatment-resistance and metastasis. Colloidal nanotechnologies can provide tremendous enhancements to existing targeting/treatment strategies for prostate cancer to which malignant cells are less sensitive. Here, we show that antiandrogen gold nanoparticles--multivalent analogues of antiandrogens currently used in clinical therapy for prostate cancer--selectively engage two distinct receptors, androgen receptor (AR), a target for the treatment of prostate cancer, as well as a novel G-protein coupled receptor, GPRC6A, that is also upregulated in prostate cancer. These nanoparticles selectively accumulated in hormone-insensitive and chemotherapy-resistant prostate cancer cells, bound androgen receptor with multivalent affinity, and exhibited greatly enhanced drug potency versus monovalent antiandrogens currently in clinical use. Further, antiandrogen gold nanoparticles selectively stimulated GPRC6A with multivalent affinity, demonstrating that the delivery of nanoscale antiandrogens can also be facilitated by the transmembrane receptor in order to realize increasingly selective, increasingly potent therapy for treatment-resistant prostate cancers.
Body Image and Quality of Life in a Group of African American Women

African American (AA) women’s preference for a larger body size and underestimation of their body weight may affect the relationship between their body weight and weight-related quality of life (QOL). We wanted to examine the relationship between weight-related QOL and body mass index (BMI) in a sample of overweight AA women. Thirty-three overweight AA women completed a clinic visit to measure height, weight, and complete surveys including the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite (IWQOL-Lite) and the Stunkard Figure Rating Scale. BMI was calculated using measured height and weight. Correlations and linear regression models were estimated using SAS v 9.1. In this sample, the mean total quality of life score was 78.00 ± 17.68 on a 100 point scale. There was a modest correlation between BMI and total weight-related QOL (r = −0.034, p = 0.053). Body image dissatisfaction was the strongest predictor of total quality of life score (p = 0.04). African American women’s unique cultural perception of body image may play a key role in weight-related QOL.
Fully Automated, Testable Design of Fine-Grained Triple Mode Redundant Logic

A fully automated logic design methodology for radiation hardened by design high-speed logic using fine-grained triple modular redundancy (TMR) is presented. The methodology and circuits leverage commercial logic design automation tools. The circuit approach is validated for hardness using both heavy ion and proton broad beam testing. The base TMR self-correcting master-slave flip-flop is described, including testability features that disable the self-correction. The flow allows hardening of any synthesizable logic at clock frequencies comparable to unhardened designs and supports standard low-power techniques, e.g., clock gating and supply voltage scaling.
The Image of the Child Constructed and Transformed by Preservice Teachers in International Contexts

International experiences offer new settings for revisiting, revising, and reconstructing currently held images of the child. Specifically, international practicum experiences can provide preservice teachers with opportunities to reflect on their views about children by positioning themselves as “the other.” The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the impact of international experiences on preservice teachers’ currently held images of the child through their photographs, journal entries, and seminar discussions. Specific research questions included how preservice teacher’s images of the child were challenged or affirmed in international settings and how the preservice teachers saw their own teaching practices informed by this experience. Our results describe the changing images the preservice teachers developed of children and themselves as teachers.
Cystoid Macular Edema After Aphakic Penetrating Keratoplasty

Aphakic penetrating keratoplasty (APKP) and combined penetrating keratoplasty with lens extraction (CPKP) are highly successful surgical procedures, with clear corneas occurring in over 90% of cases. However, macular problems tend to develop or appear postoperatively, and visual acuity is disappointing, principally because of either cystoid macular edema (CME) or pre-existing macular degeneration. To determine whether vitreous manipulation at the time of surgery alters the macular outcome, 132 eyes were studied prospectively. Eighty-four of these had pre-existing aphakia and all underwent anterior vitrectomy at the time of APKP. Forty-eight eyes were planned for CPKP and were randomly assigned to one group that had anterior vitrectomy or to a second group that had no vitrectomy at the time of CPKP. The incidence of clinically significant and angiographically documented CME at six months postoperative was 35/84 (42%) in APKP eyes, 9/48 (19%) in CPKP eyes, 8/24 (33%) in CPKP eyes with vitrectomy, and 1/24 (4%) in CPKP eyes without vitrectomy. The data strongly suggest that transpupillary anterior vitrectomy at the time of penetrating keratoplasty, as compared with no vitreous manipulation at all, may contribute to a high incidence of postoperative persistent CME.
Inhibition of Estrogen-Induced Anterior Pituitary Enlargement and Arteriogenesis by Bromocriptine in Fischer 344 Rats*

The interrelationship between dopamine (DA) regulation and changes in the blood supply of the anterior pituitary lobe (AP) in the etiology of estradiol (E2)-induced proliferation of pituitary cells was studied in Fischer 344 rats. Rats were implanted with E2-filled or empty Silastic capsules for 21 days alone or in conjunction with pellets of the potent DA agonist bromocriptine (CB-154). Changes in vascularization of the AP, median eminence DA content, and responsiveness to DA of cultured AP cells were measured. Development of a direct arterial blood supply was assessed by the injection of 15-fim microspheres that can only reach the AP by newly formed arteries (arteriogenesis). APs were enzymatically dispersed and cultured for 3 days before challenges with increasing concentrations of DA for 3 h. DA content was measured by radioenzymatic assay, and serum PRL was determined by RIA. E2 treatment increased the weight of the pituitary gland, serum PRL levels, and the number of microspheres in the AP 4.5-, 173...
Development of Web-Based Virtual CNC Milling Machine Tool With Mechanistic Cutting Force Models for Education and Learning

This paper presents the results of the development of Virtual Computer Numerical Control Milling Machine Tool (VCNC-MMT) with cutting force models for web-based education and learning. This research is divided into five parts: 1) Virtual modeling of the machine parts, work-piece, cutting tools, and fixtures. 2) Assembly of the virtual components and assignment of the kinematics to the VCNC-MMT. 3) Development of virtual controller and offline simulation of machining process. 4) Implementation of the VCNC-MMT and simulation on the internet using X3D modeling language for long distance education, learning and training. 5) Development of the mechanistic cutting force models and incorporation with the VCNC-MMT. Mechanistic cutting force models for helical end mills with corner radius has been completed and simulated using MATLAB.© 2010 ASME
Neurologically intact children with an isolated skull fracture may be safely discharged after brief observation.

Abstract Purpose The management of children presenting with an isolated skull fracture (ISF) posttrauma is highly variable. We sought to estimate the risk of neurologic deterioration in children with a Glasgow coma score (GCS) 15 and ISF to reduce unnecessary hospital admissions. Methods A retrospective review at a level I pediatric trauma referral center was conducted for patients with ISF on head computed tomography from 2003 to 2008. Patients were excluded for injury greater than 24 hours prior, GCS less than 15, intracranial pathology, significant fracture depression, or complex fractures involving facial bones or skull base. Results A total of 235 patients were identified with an ISF. The median age was 11 months, with falls accounting for 87% of the injuries. One hundred seventy-seven patients were admitted, and 58 patients were discharged from the emergency department after a period of observation (median, 3.3 hours). Median length of stay for those admitted to the hospital was 18.2 hours. One patient developed vomiting following overnight observation and a repeat computed tomography scan demonstrated a small extra-axial hematoma that required no intervention. The mean total costs for patients discharged from the emergency department were $291 vs $1447 for those admitted for observation ( P Conclusion Patients with a presenting GCS of 15 and an ISF can be safely discharged from the emergency department after a short period of observation if they are asymptomatic and have a reliable social environment. This could result in significant savings by eliminating inpatient costs.
How Do Investments in Enterprise Application Integration Drive Stock Prices

Enterprise application integration (EAI) technologies are critical to making diverse corporate computer systems work together properly, and as such should be expected to have a positive effect on business value. The event study presented and discussed in this paper seeks to ascertain the relevance of EAI to achieving tangible benefits from the investors' perspective by examining 81 corporate announcements of EAI implementations. The analysis of our data however suggests that EAI investments are not always greeted as good news by investors and do not generally result in positive stock price reactions. Furthermore, the data suggests negative market reaction to financially distressed companies investing in EAI. Particularly in a bear market, investors seem to view an investment in EAI more as a burden than as an asset
Identification and characterization of a Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum gene encoding a DNA adenine methyltransferase

The nucleotide sequence of a DNA adenine methyltransferase gene (dam) from Treponema pallidum has been determined. Southern blot analysis of T. pallidum chromosomal DNA indicated that this gene is present as a single copy. The dam gene encodes a 303 amino acid protein whose deduced sequence has significant homology with DNA (N6-adenine) methyltransferases. T. pallidum Dam can be assigned to group alpha DNA amino methyltransferases based on the order of nine conserved motifs that are present in the protein. Digests of T. pallidum chromosomal DNA performed with isoschizomer restriction endonucleases (Sau3AI, DpnI, and MboI) confirmed the presence of methylated adenine residues in GATC sequences (Dam+ phenotype).
Tracking improves performance of biological collision avoidance models

Collision avoidance models derived from the study of insect brains do not perform universally well in practical collision scenarios, although the insects themselves may perform well in similar situations. In this article, we present a detailed simulation analysis of two well-known collision avoidance models and illustrate their limitations. In doing so, we present a novel continuous-time implementation of a neuronally based collision avoidance model. We then show that visual tracking can improve performance of these models by allowing an relative computation of the distance between the obstacle and the observer. We compare the results of simulations of the two models with and without tracking to show how tracking improves the ability of the model to detect an imminent collision. We present an implementation of one of these models processing imagery from a camera to show how it performs in real-world scenarios. These results suggest that insects may track looming objects with their gaze.
Placement with Substance-Abusing Mothers vs. Placement with Other Relatives: Infant Outcomes.

Evaluating a subset of participants from a larger research project concerning comprehensive drug treatment services for pregnant substance-abusing women and their offspring, this investigation compared those mothers who retained custody of their infants following delivery with those who lost custody and whose infants were placed in the care of other relatives. There were no differences between the groups with respect to maternal demographics, substance abuse (as assessed by self-report prenatally and urine toxicology screens at birth), or mental health status, or with respect to newborn characteristics (including gestational age, birthweight, medical risk status). Further, caregiving behaviors of mothers and relative caregivers showed no significant differences at 6 months. Infants who remained in the care of their biological mothers, however, demonstrated better cognitive development than infants in the care of relatives at 6 months. There was also a discrepancy in terms of safety at 6 months, in that there were three deaths and two reported cases of suspected child abuse/neglect among infants in the care of their mothers, and no deaths and no reports of suspected abuse among infants in relative foster care.
2,6-LUTIDINE N-OXIDE ADDUCTS WITH SOME HEAVY METAL TETRACHLORIDES.

Abstract The interaction of heavy metal tetrachlorides with excess 2,6-lutidine N -oxide (LNO) in acetone leads to the precipitation of MC1 4 · 3LNO ( M = Zr , Pt) and MCl 4 · 2LNO ( M = Hf , Te, Th) adducts. These compounds have been characterized by means of infrared spectral studies and formulated as follows: 1. (a) [MCl 4 (LNO) 2 ]( M = Hf , Te, Th), cis-octahedral; 2. (b) [ZrCl 4 (LNO) 3 ], monomeric, involving a low symmetry heptacoordinated structure; 3. (c) [PtCl 3 (LNO) 3 ] + , a cis-octahedral cationic complex. The shifts of vn - o , and the ring C-H out-of-plane deformation mode, are interpreted in terms of the absence of metal-ligand π-bonding in the Zr(IV), Hf(IV), Te(IV) and Th(IV) adducts. π-bonding probably occurs in the Pt(IV) complex, but to a lesser extent than that reported for 3 d metal halide complexes with pyridine N -oxides. Splittings of v N - O , V M - O and v M - Cl are indicative of a cis-arrangement of the LNO groups in the adducts.
Molecular connectivity: intermolecular accessibility and encounter simulation

Abstract The simple molecular connectivity indices are interpreted as summations of bond accessibilities to bimolecular encounters with another, identical molecule. To transcend this model, a molecule is treated as disjecta membra with each bond modeled as a discrete cell in a dynamic simulation of many molecules. Each bond accessibility is transformed into a cellular automata rule. The dynamics are run for each of 38 alkanes, recording the average number of cell encounters, β . The β values show a high correlation with the boiling points. The significance of the bond accessibilities and the concept of intermolecular encounters explaining the molecular connectivity indices is supported by these findings.
Response to Trauma in Haitian Youth at Risk

Abstract In order to characterize undesirable behavior (drug use, fighting, criminal activity) among Haitian youth at risk and determine the relationship between traumatic experience and that kind of behavior, investigators recruited 292 Haitian youths via networks of informal social relations in two zones of Miami/Dade County strongly identified with Haitian ethnicity. Each recruit responded to an interview schedule eliciting sociodemographic information and self-reported activities, including involvement in youth-dominated groups. They also reported traumatic experience. Clinicians administered CAPS to a subset of those respondents who self-reported traumatic experience. Staff ethnographers selected respondents for in-depth interviews and family studies to provide contextual depth for findings of the interview schedule and the CAPS assessments. Although traumatic experience may still play a role in mental health outcomes among children, childhood victimization among Haitian children does not appear to b...
DETERMINATION OF PEAK STRESS ON POLYPROPYLENE ANKLE-FOOT ORTHOSES DUE TO WEIGHT CHANGE USING STRAIN GAGE TECHNOLOGY

Magnitudes, locations, and patterns of stress change in the AFOs due to weight change have been determined and studied. The load magnitudes and directions applied can be altered by motions. These stress changes mainly occurred at the neck and upper neck regions of AFOs, along the lateral side. On the medial side of the AFOs, the compressive stress did changed significantly along the entire neck regions. The variations of stresses have their individual characteristics with different motions, people, the foot geometry, and the AFOs. Thus, further investigation and tests on this subject are required.
Cross-polarization 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of collagen.

Abstract Natural abundance 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectra have been obtained for samples of a variety of native collagens by use of cross-polarization (CP) techniques which permit high resolution natural abundance 13C nmr spectra of solids to be obtained with high sensitivity. The CP 13C nmr spectra of lyophilized skin and tendon collagens consisted of two broad resonance envelopes spanning a five kHz range. Hydrated tendon collagen gave rise to a CP spectrum very similar to that obtained for the lyophilized sample, indicating that it retains its solid-like properties. In contrast, hydrated skin collagen became denatured under the conditions of the CP experiment and subsequently gave rise to a conventional high-resolution Fourier transform (FT) nmr spectrum. The CP 13C nmr spectrum of ivory was similar to those of lyophilized skin and tendon collagens, demonstrating the solid-like character of the collagen in dentine, whereas the CP spectrum of bovine nasal cartilage reflected the presence of highly mobile proteoglycan components in addition to relatively rigid collagen molecules. In the case of ivory, the resolution of the CP spectrum was enhanced by “magic angle” spinning to a degree approaching that of conventional FT 13C nmr spectra of denatured collagen in solution. Because of its ability to probe the dynamic properties of solid-like biological molecules, CP 13C nmr spectroscopy should be a valuable investigative tool for future studies.
Interacting-string picture of the Neveu-Schwarz-Ramond model

Abstract The interacting-string picture is extended to the Neveu-Schwarz and Ramond models. The picture is manifestly dual, even for the Ramond model, and amplitudes with an arbitrary number of external fermions can be constructed. In all channels the only singularities are poles corresponding to the expected particles. There exist both q q and zero-quark mesons, which differ in the parity of the states with odd Neveu-Schwarz g-parity. Calculations of f f scattering amplitudes are performed. The results are B-functions multiplied by simple kinematical factors, and it is easily verified that the amplitudes possess all the necessary properties.
Librarian Co-Authors Correlated With Higher Quality Reported Search Strategies in General Internal Medicine Systematic Reviews

Abstract Objectives To determine whether librarian and information specialist authorship was associated with better reported systematic review (SR) search quality. Study Design and Setting SRs from high-impact general internal medicine journals were reviewed for search quality characteristics and reporting quality by independent reviewers using three instruments, including a checklist of Institute of Medicine Recommended Standards for the Search Process and a scored modification of the Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies instrument. Results The level of librarian and information specialist participation was significantly associated with search reproducibility from reported search strategies ( Χ 2 = 23.5; P 2,267 = 10.1233; P Conclusion Problems remain with SR search quality and reporting. SRs with librarian or information specialist co-authors are correlated with significantly higher quality reported search strategies. To minimize bias in SRs, authors and editors could encourage librarian engagement in SRs including authorship as a potential way to help improve documentation of the search strategy.
The development of peptide-containing neurons within neocortical transplants in adult mice

Abstract Transplantation of embryonic neocortex into adult host neocortex leads to the survival of many donor cells, with the subsequent differentiation of the cortical neurons within a loosely laminated cellular pattern. We wanted to know whether peptide-containing neurons that are known to exist in normal neocortex would survive in the transplants, and if so, whether they would differentiate into morphological cell types that normally contain these peptides in cortex. By 30 days after transplantation, the implants were well vascularized and the donor neurons appeared healthy in Nissl-stained preparations. AChE-positive axons grew across the interface and innervated the transplant in moderate densities. Immunocytochemical localization of peptides in the transplant revealed that processes containing the four peptides normally present in cortex also develop in the transplants. These were vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, cholecystokinin, pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin. Other peptides not yet demonstrated in and presumably not present in neocortex, did not develop in the transplants. These included α-melanocyte stimulating hormone, arginine-vasopressin, corticotropin releasing factor, β-endorphin and substance P. The results demonstrate that peptide-immunoreactive neurons survive in neural transplants, where they develop complicated patterns of axonal arborization. The conditions used in these experiments produced no evidence that peptidergic neurons within the transplant grow out of the transplant and into the host brain within six weeks. Similarly, host peptidergic axons were never seen crossing the interface zone and entering the transplant in any significant numbers.
Propagation and immunization in large networks

Many interesting research questions can be explored by studying processes running over networks.
Reversed-Phase High Pressure Liquid Chromatography Separation of Deuterated Compounds of Biological Importance from Their Protio Analogs

Abstract A rapid and a practical HPLC method with UV-VIS detection was developed for the separation and analysis of deuterated carotenoids from their protio analogs. Four different chromatography systems were developed. The results showed that with reversed-phase C18 columns it was possible to baseline resolve fully deuterated carotenoids from the nondeuterated analogs. In all instances the deuterated compound eluted ahead of its protio analog indicating that van der Waals forces are operational during the separation process. Specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility make these methods particularly suitable in plant chemistry for semi-preparative purification processes and methodologies.
NEW FEDERALISM. III. A REFORMED SYSTEM IN THE MAKING

The current intergovernmental initiatives of the president, the Congress, and the Court amount to different versions of a New Federalism III. Each of the New Federalisms (Nixon's, Reagan's, and the combined but conflicting undertakings of the current national leadership and to a lesser degree, of the states and localities) have focused on devolution, deregulation, reduction in the number of categorical programs by enacting block grants, and a much reduced federal role in the federal system. Yet, there were and are significant differences among the three. The ambivalent centralizing-while-devolving record of the first two and a potentially similar outcome of the current IGR restructuring endeavors underscore the continuing conflict between the forces of noncentralization, as against those favoring centralization within the overall system. Thus far, no clear-cut intergovernmental winners can be identified in the current battling over the future of American federalism.
The effect of sulfhydryl reagents on cation binding by membrane fragments.

Nachweis an Lebermikrosomen der Ratte, dass Sulfhydryl Reagenzienp-Chloromercuribenzoat (pCMB) undp-Chloromercuribenzol Sulfonat (pCMBS) die Bindung von Magnesium und Calcium ungefahr um 20% vermindern.
Disease mutations in disordered regions—exception to the rule?

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) have been implicated in a number of human diseases, including cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders. Although for some of these conditions molecular mechanisms are now better understood, the big picture connecting distinct structural properties and functional repertoire of IDPs to pathogenesis and disease progression is still incomplete. Recent studies suggest that signaling and regulatory roles carried out by IDPs require them to be tightly regulated, and that altered IDP abundance may lead to disease. Here, we propose another link between IDPs and disease that takes into account disease-associated missense mutations located in the intrinsically disordered regions. We argue that such mutations are more prevalent and have larger functional impact than previously thought. In addition, we demonstrate that deleterious amino acid substitutions that cause disorder-to-order transitions are particularly enriched among disease mutations compared to neutral polymorphisms. Finally, we discuss potential differences in functional outcomes between disease mutations in ordered and disordered regions, and challenge the conventional structure-centric view of missense mutations.
Control of phage P22 tail protein expression by transcription termination

Abstract The structural gene for Salmonella bacteriophage P22 tail protein, gene 9, is separated from the remainder of the P22 late operon genes by the imm I region. Early transcription of imm I gene ant , which is immediately promoter proximal to gene 9, occurs in the same direction as late gene transcription but does not entergene 9 coding sequences (Susskind & Youderian, 1982). We have cloned gene 9 and surrounding sequences into pBR322 and subsequently positioned lac UV5 promoters at varying distances before the start of gene 9 by DNA manipulations in vitro . Using an in vitro phage assembly assay to measure in vivo expression of tail protein from these plasmids and in vitro transcription reactions to measure transcriptional template activity of DNA fragments isolated from these plasmids. we have identified a region of DNA between gene ant and gene 9 that behaves as a transcription termination signal. The DNA sequence of this region shows hyphenated dyad symmetry followed by a run of seven thymine residues on the coding strand. This sequence can be drawn in a potential stem-and-loop secondary structure similar to known rho-independent transcription termination signal sequences. We discuss the role of this transcriptional terminator sequence in gene 9 expression and the early to late transcriptional switch in the P22 infection cycle.
Brain-like associative learning using a nanoscale non-volatile phase change synaptic device array

Recent advances in neuroscience together with nanoscale electronic device technology have resulted in huge interests in realizing brain-like computing hardwares using emerging nanoscale memory devices as synaptic elements. Although there has been experimental work that demonstrated the operation of nanoscale synaptic element at the single device level, network level studies have been limited to simulations. In this work, we demonstrate, using experiments, array level associative learning using phase change synaptic devices connected in a grid like configuration similar to the organization of the biological brain. Implementing Hebbian learning with phase change memory cells, the synaptic grid was able to store presented patterns and recall missing patterns in an associative brain-like fashion. We found that the system is robust to device variations, and large variations in cell resistance states can be accommodated by increasing the number of training epochs. We illustrated the tradeoff between variation tolerance of the network and the overall energy consumption, and found that energy consumption is decreased significantly for lower variation tolerance.
Social Achievement Goals Validation Among Rural African American Adolescents

Little extant research attempts to understand why rural African Americans engage in social relationships with peers in school. This is somewhat surprising as rural students’ peer interactions often affect their scholastic desires, and peers can alter African Americans’ academic performance. Hence, the current study examined both the presence and psychometric validity of social achievement goals among rural African American high school students. Results suggest the presence of three reasons for engaging in social relationships in school: social development (desire to increase friendship quality), social demonstration-approach (wanting to appear “cool” among friends), and social demonstration-avoid (fear of appearing socially inferior). Confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis provide support for both the presence and valid measurement of social achievement goals among rural African American adolescents.
Geometric-structure-based directional filtering for error concealment in image/video transmission

The time varying nature of wireless channels can cause severe error bursts or dropouts. It is important to recover lost data in coded images in interactive video communication over wireless network. A good spatial interpolation strategy is considered as essential for replenishing missing blocks in still images and video frames. This paper proposes a novel spatial directional interpolation scheme which makes use of the local geometric information extracted from the surrounding blocks. Specifically, statistics of the local geometric structure are modeled as a bimodal distribution. The two nearest surrounding layers of pixels are converted into binary pattern to reveal the local geometric structure. A measure of directional consistency is employed to resolve ambiguity of possible connections of the transition points on the inner layer. The transition lines can be specified within one-pixel accuracy, unlike previous directional filtering schemes which usually filter along only one single direction chosen from a finite candidate set. The new approach produces results that are superior to that of other approaches, in terms of both peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and visual quality. The computation is also much reduced. It is observed that local structures such as edges, streaks and corners are well preserved in the reconstructed image.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
ARGET–ATRP Synthesis and Characterization of PNIPAAm Brushes for Quantitative Cell Detachment Studies

Stimuli responsive (or “smart”) polymer brushes represent a non-toxic approach for achieving release of biofouling layers. Thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) polymer brushes have been shown to modulate bacterial adhesion and release through transition between temperatures above and below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST ~32 °C) of PNIPAAm in water. In this article, we describe a convenient method to synthesize grafted PNIPAAm brushes over large areas for biological studies using a relatively simple and rapid method which allows atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in presence of air using the activator regenerated electron transfer (ARGET) mechanism. PNIPAAm brushes were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and contact angle measurements. Our studies demonstrate that uniform, high purity PNIPAAm brushes with controlled and high molecular weight can be easily produced over large areas using ARGET–ATRP. We also report the use of a spinning disk apparatus to systematically and quantitatively study the detachment profiles of bacteria from PNIPAAm surfaces under a range (0–400 dyne/cm2) of shear stresses.