cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intangibles in Different Industries

Purchase price allocations (PPAs) primarily serve for valuing tangible and intangible assets that result from acquisitions. Even though the values derived for the assets can generally not be used directly for transfer pricing purposes, public information available on purchase price allocations is of interest and may be used for valuing intangibles for transfer pricing purposes. To this end, in addition to a brief theoretical summary of PPAs and their implementation, we have conducted an empirical study based on published data from 631 large corporate transactions. Besides analyzing PPAs by industry, this chapter also provides a qualitative assessment of the most important value drivers per industry.
Associations among erythropoietic, iron-related, and FGF23 parameters in pediatric kidney transplant recipients

In pediatric kidney transplant recipients, anemia is common and oftentimes multifactorial. Hemoglobin concentrations may be affected by traditional factors, such as kidney function and iron status, as well as novel parameters, such as fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). Here, we evaluated associations among erythropoietic, iron-related, and FGF23 parameters in a cohort of pediatric kidney transplant recipients, hypothesizing that multiple factors are associated with hemoglobin concentrations. In a cross-sectional analysis of 59 pediatric kidney transplant recipients (median (interquartile range) age 16.3 (13.5, 18.6) years, median estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 67 (54, 87) ml/min/1.73 m2), the median age-related hemoglobin standard deviation score (SDS) was −2.1 (−3.3, −1.1). Hemoglobin SDS was positively associated with eGFR and calcium, and was inversely associated with erythropoietin (EPO), mycophenolate dose, and total, but not intact, FGF23. In multivariable analysis, total FGF23 remained inversely associated with hemoglobin SDS, independent of eGFR, iron parameters, EPO, and inflammatory markers, suggesting a novel FGF23-hemoglobin association in pediatric kidney transplant patients. In a subset of patients with repeat measurements, only delta hepcidin was inversely associated with delta hemoglobin SDS. Also, delta EPO positively correlated with delta erythroferrone (ERFE), and delta ERFE inversely correlated with delta hepcidin, suggesting a possible physiologic role for the EPO-ERFE-hepcidin axis in the setting of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Our study provides further insight into factors potentially associated with erythropoiesis in pediatric kidney transplant recipients.
Is there an Attenuation Bias in the Effect of Economic Policy Uncertainty? Historical Evidence from the U.S.

A large and growing literature investigates the effects of economic policy uncertainty on various measures of economic activity. Virtually all of it concentrates on the modern era. We show that estimates based on post-WWII data likely suffer from an attenuation bias because the modern-period systematic government reaction function induces anticipation to policy intervention during periods of economic uncertainty. Using pre-1913 data, when active fiscal and monetary policy as well as the anticipation of intervention were absent, we find that the EPU effect on output to be four to six times larger relative to the effect measured with modern data.
Clinical Features and Risk Factors of Fungal Peritonitis in Children on Peritoneal Dialysis

Objective: To analyse the clinical manifestations, aetiology, prognosis, and risk factors of fungal peritonitis (FP) in children on peritoneal dialysis (PD). Methods: Among 322 children undergoing PD at Children's Hospital of Fudan University, between January 2001 and December 2019, FP cases were retrospectively analysed and compared with those of bacterial peritonitis (BP) to analyse the risk factors of FP. Results: A total of 124 cases of peritonitis were treated, including 11 FP cases in 11 children (0.0019 episodes/patient*month) and 113 BP cases in 64 children (0.02 episodes/patient*month). Among the 11 FP cases, 7 cases (63.64%) were caused by Candida and Candida parapsilosis (5/7) was the most common pathogen of Candida. All FP patients were converted to haemodialysis (HD) and did not resume PD during follow-up. Two patients (18.2%) died after 6 months of HD due to heart failure, 2 patients underwent kidney transplant after 2 years of infection, and the other 7 patients were still on HD. The univariate analysis showed the usage rate of antibiotics in the month before the onset of peritonitis was higher (45.45 vs. 15.93%) and the mean serum albumin was lower (31.4 vs. 34.4 g/L) in the FP group when compared with BP group (P < 0.05), while multivariate analysis showed that serum albumin ≤ 30 g/L was an independent risk factor for FP (odds ratio 4.896, 95% confidence interval 1.335–17.961). Conclusion: FP is a rare complication of PD in children, but it is associated with high technique failure. Attention should be paid to hypoproteinaemia and antibiotic use in children on PD.
Dental Students’ Self-Perception: Health and Academics During COVID-19 Quarantine

The aim of this study was to analyze the self-perceived general health, oral care, stress, academic environment, and harmful habits of Mexican dental students during the COVID-19 quarantine period. This descriptive observational study consisted of a self-perception survey that was sent to dental students undergoing virtual classes. Five sections were analyzed: General Health, Oral Health, Stress, Academic Environment and Habits. For each question, students were asked to rate their perception prior to, and during the contingency, which allowed a comparison to be made between both times for each inquiry. The answers were collected into Microsoft Excel and the statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v.20. A statistically significant difference was observed between the academic years for the variables: “physical exercise” prior to quarantine, “emotional problems” and “work-load” during quarantine, and “academic efficiency” for both times. A trend towards unfavorable perception in relation to general health, academic environment, and harmful habits was observed among dental students during social isolation derived from the pandemic. It is notable that 1st-year students presented a greater impact on all the variables of interest.
Qualitative analysis of disposition decision making for patients referred for admission from the emergency department without definite medical acuity.

Objective To map the physician approach when determining disposition for a patient who presents without the level of definite medical acuity that would generally warrant hospitalisation. Data sources/study setting Since 2018, our US academic county hospital/trauma centre has maintained a database in which hospitalists (‘triage physicians’) document the rationale and outcomes of requests for admission to the acute care medical ward during each shift. Study design Narrative text from the database was analysed using a grounded theory approach to identify major themes and subthemes, and a conceptual model of the admission decision-making process was constructed. Participants Database entries were included (n=300) if the admission call originated from the emergency department and if the triage physician characterised the request as potentially inappropriate because the patient did not have definite medical acuity. Results Admission decision making occurs in three main phases: evaluation of unmet needs, assessment of risk and re-evaluation. Importantly, admission decision making is not solely based on medical acuity or clinical algorithms, and patients without a definite medical need for admission are hospitalised when physicians believe a potential issue exists if discharged. In this way, factors such as homelessness, substance use disorder, frailty, etc, contribute to admission because they raise concern about patient safety and/or barriers to appropriate treatment. Physician decision making can be altered by activities such as care coordination, advocacy by the patient or surrogate, interactions with other physicians or a change in clinical trajectory. Conclusions The decision to admit ultimately remains a clinical determination constructed between physician and patient. Physicians use a holistic process that incorporates broad consideration of the patient’s medical and social needs with emphasis on risk assessment; thus, any analysis of hospitalisation trends or efforts to impact such should seek to understand this individual-level decision making.
Cell therapy rescues aging-induced beta-1 adrenergic receptor and GRK2 dysfunction in the coronary microcirculation

Our past study showed that coronary arterioles isolated from adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF)-treated rats showed amelioration of the age-related decrease in vasodilation to beta-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) agonist and improved β-AR-dependent coronary flow and microvascular function in a model of advanced age. We hypothesized that intravenously (i.v.) injected SVF improves coronary microvascular function in aged rats by re-establishing the equilibrium of the negative regulators of the internal adrenergic signaling cascade, G-protein receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) and G-alpha inhibitory (Gαi) proteins, back to youthful levels. Female Fischer-344 rats aged young (3 months, n = 24), old (24 months, n = 26), and old animals that received 1 × 107 green fluorescent protein (GFP+) SVF cells (O + SVF, n = 11) 4 weeks prior to sacrifice were utilized. Overnight urine was collected prior to sacrifice for catecholamine measurements. Cardiac samples were used for western blotting while coronary arterioles were isolated for pressure myography studies, immunofluorescence staining, and RNA sequencing. Coronary microvascular levels of the β1 adrenergic receptor are decreased with advancing age, but this decreased expression was rescued by SVF treatment. Aging led to a decrease in phosphorylated GRK2 in cardiomyocytes vs. young control with restoration of phosphorylation status by SVF. In vessels, there was no change in genetic transcription (RNAseq) or protein expression (immunofluorescence); however, inhibition of GRK2 (paroxetine) led to improved vasodilation to norepinephrine in the old control (OC) and O + SVF, indicating greater GRK2 functional inhibition of β1-AR in aging. SVF works to improve adrenergic-mediated vasodilation by restoring the β1-AR population and mitigating signal cascade inhibitors to improve vasodilation.
WHY WE MUST HAVE A “SCIENTIFIC PSYCHOLOGY” HOW DO WE “COME TO KNOW” WHAT WE TAKE AS OUR KNOWLEDGE?

: It is argued here that all knowledge and Psychology especially needs to be scientifically based to avoid the biases of more personal opinions about behavior. Examples of conclusions about child development, empathy, helping, memory, psychopathology and individual differences are discussed to support the use of good science vs. personal opinion on creating knowledge about behavior.
Infrared Spectrometry Applied to Steroid Structure and Metabolism

Publisher Summary This chapter illustrates how infrared spectrometry has been utilized in the elucidation of the structure of steroids and in steroid metabolism. The specificity of the infrared spectrum is finding application in connection with problems of steroid synthesis. It has made possible the detection and identification of individual steroids and, in combination with adsorption chromatography, has permitted qualitative and quantitative analyses of complex mixtures of steroids to be performed. By the application of these methods, a considerable number of new steroids have been isolated from human urine. The introduction of deuterium atoms modifies the infrared spectra of steroids and infrared spectrometry is a valuable supplement to mass spectrometry in the detection, analysis, and identification of deuterium enriched compounds. Correlations between the positions of certain of the absorption bands and the molecular structure have been established. These permit the presence of all the functional groups which commonly occur in steroids to be recognized. In the case of carbonyl groups and double bonds, more specific information can also be derived as to their location in the molecule. By the use of microtechniques, it has been made possible to obtain this information on quantities of material of the order of 25 μg.
Interactions among Serum Vitamin D Binding Protein, Monomeric Actin, Profilin, and Profilactin

Abstract Human serum vitamin D binding protein (hDBP), a 58-kDa inter-alpha-globulin, is known to bind, monomeric actin (G-actin) in equimolar quantities. Using monoclonal and polyclonal anti-hDBP antibodies, hDBP, and radioiodinated actin, we developed a reliable saturation assay for actin bound to hDBP. By utilizing this assay, kinetic analysis, and ultracentrifugal sedimentation in sucrose gradients, these proteins' binding affinities (Kd = 10(-9) M) were demonstrated to be 10- to 100-fold greater than earlier estimates. At 4 degrees C, hDBP has an association rate constant of 2.2 x 10(4) M-1 s-1 and a rate of dissociation displaying a t1/2 of 22 h. This high affinity binding was largely unaffected by conditions favoring actin filament formation (1 mM MgCl2 and/or 50 mM KCl), by the range of pH from 6.8 to 8.6 or by temperatures from 4 to 37 degrees C. Compared with ATP-alpha-actin, a 2-fold decrease of binding affinity was observed for the nonmuscle isoactins (beta,gamma), ADP-G-alpha-actin, and N'-ethylmaleimide-modified G-alpha-actin. The 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 holo-sterol forms of hDBP bound actin in a manner indistinguishable from the apo-sterol hDBP. The common polymorphisms of hDBP (DBP1 slow, DBP1 fast, and DBP2) were shown to have an equal avidity for G-actin binding. Human platelet profilin competed with hDBP for binding to G-actin, but was 1000-fold less potent (Ki = 1.9 microM). When platelet profilactin was incubated with hDBP, profilin was liberated and hDBP-actin complexes formed. DNase I, which forms a triprotein complex with hDBP-G actin, did not alter the affinity of binding of actin by hDBP. The very high affinity binding observed, which was largely unaffected by the state of G-actin, pH, and ionic conditions, appears to support a constitutive role for plasma DBP in the sequestration of actin monomers, as well as actin from actin-profilin complexes, that are liberated during cell injury.
Genetic Control of Enzyme Induction in the β-Ketoadipate Pathway of Pseudomonas putida: Deletion Mapping of cat Mutations

A number of spontaneous mutant strains of Pseudomonas putida, obtained by repeated selection for inability to grow with cis,cis-muconate, have been shown to carry deletions in catB, the structural gene for muconate lactonizing enzyme. These strains have been employed for deletion mapping of the genetic region containing catB and catC (the structural gene for muconolactone isomerase, the synthesis of which is coordinate with that of muconate lactonizing enzyme). All deletions that overlap mutant sites located on the left side of the genetic map, as well as the point mutations in that region, lead to a pleiotropic loss of both catB and catC activities. We propose that this region to the left of catB has a regulatory function. Although the details of regulation at the molecular level are unclear, our data indicate that catB and catC may well be controlled by a mechanism unlike any yet described by workers on enteric bacteria.
Of Tempests, Laughing Horses, and Sacred Cows: Controlling College Student Presses between the World Wars

Abstract This article examines the controversies involving college student publications in the 1920s and 1930s, demonstrating that restrictions on newspapers and magazines cut across institutional type and region in the era. It identifies three types of article content that frequently caused difficulty for student editors and writers (criticism of university officials, unpopular political stands, and alleged obscenity) and shows how they interacted with each other in specific campus contexts. In an era of in loco parentis, institutional administrators had almost limitless authority and little need to explain their actions in censoring papers and disciplining students. Still, two rationalizations for controlling the presses were evident: institutions viewed papers as student activities that should be managed and controlled like any other, or, as publishers of official papers and magazines, institutions claimed ultimate authority over editors and content. Though educational considerations were present in so...
Plasma Free Amino Acids of Children Consuming as Diet with Uneven Distribution of Protein Relative to Energy

Adequate N retention and growth have been demonstrated in children consuming diets in which the total daily protein is fed in a single meal, energy intake being spread over a 14 hour period. To elucidate how adequate protein nutriture continues when protein is not consumed in parallel to energy, plasma free amino acids were measured in 11 children fed a casein-modified cow's milk based diet providing all protein (6.4% of calories) in one feeding, while energy was evenly distributed among five feedings. Children were fed at 0800 hours, 1200 hours, 1500 hours (protein-containing meal), 1900 hours, and 2200 hours. Fasting plasma aminograms were determined in all 11 children. During a long-term growth study with the diet, six children had additional determinations 3 and 4 hours after the first feeding on the same day on which the fasting sample was obtained; samples prior to and 3 and 4 hours after the 1500 hour feeding were obtained on a different day. In a seventh child, all six samples were obtained on a single day. Fasting values for total amino acids (TAA), total essential amino acids (TEAA) and TEAA/TAA, Val, Ile and Pro were elevated in most cases, a pattern seen in children fed high protein diets. The 1100 hour and 1200 hour samples showed a marked decrease in TAA, TEAA and TEAA/TAA. A further drop at 1500 hour produced a pattern characteristic of protein deficiency. Following the protein containing meal, TAA increased 50-100%, TEAA 100-200%, with disproportionate increases in Leu, Ile, Val and Pro. The persistence of this pattern in some cases up to 17 hours suggested that EAA were available for protein synthesis when additional energy was subsequently consumed. An aminogram characteristic of protein deficiency was seen only 18-20 hours after the last protein intake.
Symplectic manifolds and formality

Abstract We study some questions about symplectic manifolds, using techniques of rational homotopy theory. Our questions and results focus around formality properties of symplectic manifolds. We assume the presence of a symplectic structure on a manifold, and establish extra conditions sufficient to imply formality. The conditions are phrased in terms of the minimal model. In addition we study the question of whether or not a manifold can admit a Kahler structure. We use our results to give examples of non-aspherical symplectic manifolds that do not admit a Kahler structure.
Effects of verapamil on supraventricular tachycardia in children.

Abstract Thirteen patients, aged 6 weeks to 16 years, with uncontrolled recurrent Supraventricular tachycardia were given intravenous verapamil in an attempt to abolish an episode of Supraventricular tachycardia. All patients had had intracardiac electrophysiologic studies to define the mechanism of their tachycardia. In seven patients conversion to sinus rhythm occurred after administration of verapamil: Five of the seven had atrioventricular (A-V) nodal reentry as the mechanism of their supraventricular tachycardia; the other two had reentrant tachycardia involving an accessory pathway. Verapamil was effective in abolishing the Supraventricular tachycardia in these patients, probably by prolonging the A-V nodal refractory period and conduction, thus breaking the reentrant circuit. In six patients there was no conversion to sinus rhythm: Four of the six had automatic atrial ectopic tachycardia and two had automatic junctional ectopic tachycardia. Among the four patients with automatic atrial ectopic tachycardia, a junctional escape rhythm developed in one, and second degree A-V block developed in the others. The two patients with junctional ectopic tachycardia had severe symptomatic arterial hypotension after verapamil and required resuscitation with intravenous calcium chloride. In spite of the good response to intravenous verapamil in the seven patients with reentrant tachycardia, only four of the seven could be maintained successfully on long-term oral therapy. The patients who experienced conversion to sinus rhythm with an intravenous bolus dose of verapamil but in whom Supraventricular tachycardia could still be induced with programmed stimulation could not be maintained successfully on oral therapy. It is concluded that verapamil is an effective antiarrhythmic agent that can (1) abolish the acute episode of Supraventricular tachycardia only in cases due to reentrant mechanisms, and (2) be used as an oral medication to prevent recurrences of supraventricular tachycardia in patients in whom the arrhythmia cannot be induced with programmed stimulation after intravenous doses of the drug.
Validity of the construct of nonverbal memory: a factor-analytic study in a normal elderly sample.

Abstract One problem in evaluating the construct of nonverbal memory is finding a purely nonverbal memory measure. Encouraged by initial research with a new measure, the Visual Spatial Learning Test (VSLT), we examined nonverbal memory in a normal elderly sample. Subjects were 460 community-dwelling individuals between the ages of 55–95. All received neuropsychological batteries which included the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised, the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, and the VSLT. Two variable sets were created to avoid overlapping immediate and delayed recall trials for the same stimulus materials. Exploratory factor analyses using two different extraction methods were performed. Across analyses a single general memory factor was observed, no modality or time specific factors were found. If it can be assumed that we used adequate measures of nonverbal memory, our results combine with prior research to challenge the validity of the construct of nonverbal memor...
Yukawa correction to top-quark production at the Fermilab Tevatron.

We calculate the correction to [ital q[bar q]][r arrow][ital t[bar t]] of order [ital g][sup 2][ital m][sub [ital t]][sup 2]/[ital M][sub [ital W]][sup 2]. This correction, proportional to the square of the Higgs-boson Yukawa coupling to the top quark, arises from loops of Higgs bosons and the scalar component of virtual vector bosons. The Yukawa correction to the total [ital t[bar t]] production cross section at the Fermilab Tevatron in the standard Higgs model is found to be much less than the theoretical uncertainty in the cross section. However, in a two-Higgs-doublet model, Yukawa couplings are generally enhanced. The Yukawa correction can increase the total [ital t[bar t]] production cross section in this model by as much as 20--35 %, which is potentially observable at the Tevatron.
Nonlinear analysis and simulation of a millimeter range free electron laser with a helical quadrupole wiggler

Abstract A free electron laser (FEL) with a helical quadrupole wiggler and guide field is studied via analytic theory and computer simulation in the Compton regime. Analytic work on the stability of ideal orbits in the quadrupole wiggler with axial guide field has been carried out. An NRL code which was developed to examine helical dipole wiggler amplifiers is modified to treat both a helical quadrupole wiggler and the resulting relativistic orbit equations. Earlier work which examined the effects of near-axis self-fields on the stability of betatron oscillations and linear gain is extended to include waveguide modes, electron orbits far off axis, axial guide field and the 3-D nonlinear gain to saturation. The numerical simulation of nonlinear gain for the TE 21 mode without wiggler taper yields moderate efficiency (5%), high gain (66 dB) and broad bandwidth (50%) at 300 GHz with an annular beam.
Tensile Stress-Strain Modeling of Pseudostrain Hardening Cementitious Composites

This study proposes a new theoretical approach for predicting the tensile stress-strain relation of random short-fiber-reinforced cement composites showing pseudostrain hardening. This approach is grounded on the solid basis of micromechanics, which describes the pseudostrain hardening phenomenon in terms of constitutive properties of the fiber, matrix, and fiber/matrix interface. The proposed modeling requires theoretical treatment of an inelastic strain due to multiple cracking. This modeling is achieved by employing a probabilistic description of initial flaw size distribution, which should be known for predicting the stress-strain relation. This study proposes a practical method for this identification using the tensile test result of a reference composite. A comparison with the test data indicates that the proposed model is capable of reasonably reproducing the stress- strain relation of ''similar'' composites. Such composites have a configuration similar to the reference configu- ration but different in fiber volume fraction and fiber length. Finally, the proposed theory is a potentially powerful tool for tailoring composites to satisfy targeted structural performance.
On the Cachazo-Douglas-Seiberg-Witten conjecture for simple Lie algebras

We prove a part of the Cachazo-Douglas-Seiberg-Witten conjecture uniformly for any simple Lie algebra . The main ingredients in the proof are: Garland's result on the Lie algebra cohomology of ; Kostant's result on the `diagonal' cohomolgy of and its connection with abelian ideals in a Borel subalgebra of ; and a certain deformation of the singular cohomology of the infinite Grassmannian introduced by Belkale-Kumar
A ter­phenyl halide series: 2,6‐Trip2­H3C6X (Trip = 2,4,6‐triiso­propyl­phenyl; X = Cl, Br, I)

The sterically encumbered ter­phenyl halides 2′-chloro-2,2′′,4,4′′,6,6′′-hexaisopropyl-1,1′:3′,1′′-terphenyl, C36H49Cl, (I), 2′-bromo-2,2′′,4,4′′,6,6′′-hexaisopropyl-1,1′:3′,1′′-terphenyl, C36H49Br, (II), and 2′-iodo-2,2′′,4,4′′,6,6′′-hexaisopropyl-1,1′:3′,1′′-terphenyl, C36H49I, (III), crystallize in space group Pnma. They are isomorphous and isostructural with a plane of symmetry through the centre of the mol­ecule. The C–halide bond distances are 1.745 (3), 1.910 (4) and 2.102 (6) A for (I)–(III), respectively.
A Trustworthy Proof Checker

Proof-carrying code (PCC) and other applications in computer security require machine-checkable proofs of properties of machine-language programs. The main advantage of the PCC approach is that the amount of code that must be explicitly trusted is very small: it consists of the logic in which predicates and proofs are expressed, the safety predicate, and the proof checker. We have built a minimal proof checker, and we explain its design principles and the representation issues of the logic, safety predicate, and safety proofs. We show that the trusted computing base (TCB) in such a system can indeed be very small. In our current system the TCB is less than 2,700 lines of code (an order of magnitude smaller even than other PCC systems), which adds to our confidence of its correctness.
Cereal leaf beetle spatial dynamics: Simulations with a random diffusion model

Abstract An existing model simulating the spatial dynamics of the cereal leaf beetle (CLB), Oulema melanopus, was used to examine the consequences of the hypothesis that dispersal by this species is a random diffusion process. The effects of spatial and temporal manipulations of the environment on the distribution and abundance of beetles in a regional crop system were determined. Simulation experiments included converting all winter wheat to a CLB-resistant variety, altering the syncrony of insect emergence and the phenologies of winter and spring host crops, varying the absolute and relative areas of crops planted, and making systematic changes in field size, shape and location. Results highlight the importance of the interfield environment as a reservoir of dispersing insects, and the sensitivity of pest density to the synchrony of winter and spring crop growth. Cultural management practices are suggested that may reduce CLB density in cereal crops, especially if they are coordinated on a regional scale.
[Scleroderma, vitiligo and tuberculosis].

Nach kurzem historischem Uberblick und Eingehen auf die Differentialdiagnostik der Sklerodermie werden die vier meist verbreiteten Theorien der Entstehung kurz diskutiert. Danach wird uber zwei Falle von lokaler Sklerodermie berichtet, bei denen sich eine Tuberkulose entwickelte. Es wird auf die Arbeiten von Hoff und Ickert uber die Beteiligung des Diencephalons beim tuberkulosen Infekt hingewiesen und die Feststellung, das es sich in frischen Fallen um einen Reizzustand des Sympathicus handelt, der fur die Sklerodermie nach den Untersuchungen von Hoffmann ebenfalls besteht. Es wird fur wahrscheinlich gehalten, das in den beiden demonstrierten Fallen die Sklerodermie zentralnervos durch den tuberkulosen Infekt auf dem Wege uber das Zwischenhirn ausgelost wurde. Bei der Vitiligo scheint es sich um ein “verwandtes Leiden” zu handeln, wofur ein Fall als Beweis angefuhrt wird.
Update on the management of anorectal malformations

Thirty-three years ago, on 10 August 1980, in Mexico City, the first patient with an anorectal malformation was operated on using the posterior sagittal approach. At that time it was not obvious that we were actually opening a “Pandora’s box” that continues to give many positive surprises, a few disappointments, and the constant hope that each day we can learn more about how to improve the quality of life of children born with all different types of anorectal malformations. In November 2012, patient number 3000 in our database was operated in the city of Cochabamba, Bolivia; during one of our International Courses of Anorectal Malformations and Colorectal Problems in Children. The goal of this article is to give a brief update on the current management of patients with anorectal malformation, based on the multiple lessons learned during this period.
Understanding the health transitions of immigrants to Canada: research priorities.

Understanding changes in the health of immigrants has been an important area of research in Canadian public health. Recent years have seen important developments, with studies moving away from what might be called ‘sick immigrant’ versus ‘healthy immigrant’ debates towards analyzing transitions and how they are influenced by a diverse set of social determinants. The release of data from all three waves of the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada has also spurred new theoretical understandings of why immigrants’ initial health advantage is lost over time, with the experience of discrimination becoming an increasingly important predictor. Three research priorities are emerging as particularly important in this area. These are the need for multilevel analyses that incorporate contextual effects, the need for comparative international studies, and the need to refine the conceptualization of race/ethnicity to take advantage of developments in social theory.
Expression of GABAB Receptors in Magnocellular Neurosecretory Cells of Male, Virgin Female and Lactating Rats

GABA is one of the key neurotransmitters that regulate the firing activity of neurones in the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei. In the present study, we used immunohistochemical techniques to study the distribution and subcellular localisation of metabotropic GABA B receptors in magnocellular neurones in the SON and PVN. Robust GABA B receptor immunoreactivity (GABA B R; both subunit 1 and subunit 2 of the heterodimer), was observed in the SON and PVN. At the light microcope level, GABA B R immonoreactivity displayed a clustered pattern localised both intracytoplasmically and at the plasma membrane. Densitometry analysis indicated that GABA B R immunoreactivity was significantly more intense in vasopressin cells than in oxytocin cells, both in male, virgin female and lactating rats, and was denser in males than in virgin females. Light and electron microscope studies indicated that cytoplasmic GABA B R was localised in various organelles, including the Golgi, early endosomes and lysosomes, suggesting the cycling of the receptor within the endocytic and trafficking pathways. Some smaller clusters at the level of the cell plasma membrane were apposed to glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 immunoreactive boutons, and appeared to be colocalised with gephyrin, a constituent protein of the postsynaptic density at inhibitory synapses. The presence of GABA B R immunoreactivity at synaptic and extrasynaptic sites was supported by electron microscopy. These results provide anatomical evidence for the expression of postsynaptic GABA B receptors in magnocellular neurosecretory cells.
USAECOM Contributions to Shielding Theory

To its three shielding study contracts over the past four years, ECOM contributed the analytical advances required to replace concepts found to be unsatisfactory at the start of the studies, yet still prevalent today. The treatment of oblique incidence was contributed by ECOM; the previous restriction to normal incidence is now rejected. The treatment of shields as circuit elements was originated by ECOM after rejecting, through consideration of Poynting vectors, the concept of high- and low-impedance fields. Thin films have required new techniques to which ECOM has contributed. This paper is written to bring these advances to all specialists in the field so that their talents can be brought to bear on the application or furtherance of these concepts.
Effect of aldosterone on incorporation of amino acids into renal medullary proteins.

Studies on the effects of pretreatment with aldosterone on the incorporation of3H leucine or3H methionine into proteins in renal slices were carried out in Joklik-modified minimal essential medium. Administration of aldosterone (2 μg/100 g body wt) to adrenalectomized rats increased3H leucine incorporation into trichloroacetic acid insoluble fractions of crude homogenates of cortical slices by 15.5±0.4% and of medullary slices by 53.5±1.3%. No increase in isotope incorporation was observed in slices of renal papilla or spleen prepared from the same rats. Aldosterone had no effect on the3H-leucine content of the trichloroacetic acid-soluble fractions of all three renal zones and the spleen. The dose of aldosterone that elicited a half-maximal increase in3H-methionine incorporation into proteins of renal medullary slices (0.45 μg of aldosterone/100 g body wt) was indistinguishable from that needed to elicit a halfmaximal increase in the urinary K+/Na+ ratio (0.35 μg of aldosterone/100 g body wt). Dexamethasone, a potent glucocorticoid, at a dose of 0.8 μg/100 g body wt did not augment3H-leucine incorporation into renal medullary proteins but was effective at 8 μg/100 g body wt. Spirolactone (SC-26304), a potent anti-mineralocorticoid, abolished the effect of aldosterone on amino acid incorporation into medullary proteins when administered at a 100-fold higher dosage [i.e., 80 μgvs. 0.8 μg (per 100 g body wt)]. These results imply that the action of aldosterone on amino acid incorporation is mediated by the mineralocorticoid rather than the glucocorticoid pathway, presumably the mineralocorticoid receptors. Moreover, pretreatment of the rats with actinomycin D (70–80 μg/100 g body wt) erased the effect of aldosterone (0.8 μg/100 g body wt) on amino acid incorporation into medullary proteins. In paired experiments with3H and35S methionine, aldosterone (0.8 μg/100 g body wt) increased methionine incorporation into trichloroacetic acid precipitable proteins of subcellular fractions of the renal medulla. The effect of aldosterone on incorporation of methionine into medullary cytosol proteins was analyzed further by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 8.3 in tris-glycine buffer. The gel profiles indicate that aldosterone significantly increased methionine incorporation into at least one protein (independent of the isotope) with a molecular weight of ∼31,000. This increase was inhibited by either pretreatment of the rat with actinomycin D (70–80 μg/100 g body wt or SC-26304 (80 μg/100 g body wt). Dexamethasone (0.8 μg/100 g body wt) did not increase incorporation of methionine into the medullary cytosol proteins resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Non-standard-model CP violation in K micro3 decays as a method of probing for new physics.

The transverse polarization of the muon (${\mathit{P}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\perp}}}$) in the decay ${\mathit{K}}^{+}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{0}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}^{+}$${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}$ is a very useful tool for studying CP violation because a detectable nonzero ${\mathit{P}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\perp}}}$ can only arise from physics beyond the standard model. Further, ${\mathit{P}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\perp}}}$ is interesting because it probes a different region of parameter space than many other CP-violating observables. To help justify an experimental search, we present three models which give ${\mathit{P}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\perp}}}$\ensuremath{\gtrsim}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ and which are not contradicted by other experimental data. We also comment on K\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\mu} decays.
Agricultural Economics, Contributions: Discussion

sumption that most of the articles appearing in the journals used to determine the number of citations represent contributions to economic theory. This is an assumption that I find hard to accept. Most of what appears in the vast majority of journals of economics represent either applied economics or a very modest extension of received economic theory. The number of significant contributions to economic theory that have been made in the last half century seem to me have been quite modest. And some of what were accepted as major theoretical advances have since been discarded as of little relevance. And one only needs to look at the disarray of macroeconomics today to question how many theoretical advances have been made in that field. It is
A note on the representation of quantified statements in terms of the implication operation

We first review Zadeh's theory for representing and reasoning with quantified statements of the formQ A's are B. We then suggest an equivalent representation in terms ofQ X's are (A → B). We briefly look at some implications of this new representation.
Song as a reinforcer in the white-crowned sparrow.

Three experiments using a total of 24 adult White-Crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli) were conducted using a live-in apparatus in which a perching response resulted in an auditory reinforcement. The first experiment suggested that conspecific song was more rewarding (or less aversive) than a burst of white noise. Experiments 2 and 3, using song reinforcement only, gave only limited support for an increase in responding during stimulus presentation periods, particularly when activity level adjustments were made. The results indicated strongly that responding to song habituated over days.
Formation of SXT Tandem Arrays and SXT-R391 Hybrids

SXT is an integrative and conjugative element (ICE) isolated from Vibrio cholerae. This 100-kb ICE encodes resistance to multiple antibiotics and integrates site specifically into the chromosome. SXT excises from the chromosome to form a circular but nonreplicative extrachromosomal molecule that is required for its transfer. Here we found that a significant fraction of freshly isolated SXT exconjugants contained tandem SXT arrays. There was heterogeneity in the size of the SXT arrays detected in single exconjugant colonies. Some arrays consisted of more than five SXTs arranged in tandem. These extended arrays were unstable and did not persist during serial passages. The mechanism accounting for the generation of SXT arrays is unknown; however, array formation was not dependent upon recA and appeared to depend on conjugative transfer. While such arrays did not alter the transfer frequency of wild-type SXT, they partially complemented the transfer deficiency of a xis SXT mutant, which is ordinarily unable to generate the extrachromosomal intermediate required for SXT transfer. Exconjugants derived from donor strains that harbored tandem arrays of SXT and R391, an SXT-related element, contained functional hybrid elements that arose from recA-independent recombination between the two ICEs. Thus, arrays of SXT-related elements promote the creation of novel ICEs.
Evaluation of lung elastic recoil by exponential curve analysis

Static deflation pressure-volume curves for the lungs of 104 subjects were satisfactorily fitted to an exponential function, V = Vmax - Ae-kP (where Vmax is volume V extrapolated to infinite transpulmonary pressure P, and A and k are constants). Subjects included 48 who met rigorous criteria defining normal, 35 were PiM phenotype for alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and 21 were PiMZ phenotype. The shape constant k was significantly related to age, whereas an index of curve position was not. Values for k corresponded closely to the data of other investigators suggesting that it was independent of size and insensitive to differences in experimental technique. Elevated values of k, indicative of emphysema, were no more prevalent among PiMZ subjects than among subjects with no alpha-1-anti-trypsin deficiency. The natural logarithm (1n) of k, rather than k itself, appears to provide a useful, normally distributed, expression of lung distensibility.
Negotiating Knowledge Production: The Everyday Inclusions, Exclusions, and Contradictions of Participatory GIS Research*

Although participatory approaches to geographic information system (GIS) use have significantly altered the technological and social practices of GIS-based research and decision making, they have received relatively little attention within discussions of participatory research. This paper examines how participation and representation are negotiated in participatory GIS research through everyday practices of knowledge production. Inclusion and exclusion in the production of knowledge in participatory GIS are mediated within several intersecting arenas of research practice simultaneously, often with contradictory implications, priorities, and outputs.
Alimentations, traditions et développements en Afrlque intertroplcale

Alimentations, traditions et developpements en Afrlque intertroplcale. RENE DEVISCH, FILIP DE BOECK, and DANIELLE JONCKERS, eds. Paris: Editions L'Harmattan, 1995. 303 pp., contributors, notes, bibliography.
Global Changes of the Water Cycle Intensity

In this study, we evaluate numerical simulations of the twentieth century climate, focusing on the changes in the intensity of the global water cycle. A new diagnostic of atmospheric water vapor cycling rate is developed and employed, that relies on constituent tracers predicted at the model time step. This diagnostic is compared to a simplified traditional calculation of cycling rate, based on monthly averages of precipitation and total water content. The mean sensitivity of both diagnostics to variations in climate forcing is comparable. However, the new diagnostic produces systematically larger values and more variability than the traditional average approach. Climate simulations were performed using SSTs of the early (1902-1921) and late (1979- 1998) twentieth century along with the appropriate C02 forcing. In general, the increase of global precipitation with the increases in SST that occurred between the early and late twentieth century is small. However, an increase of atmospheric temperature leads to a systematic increase in total precipitable water. As a result, the residence time of water in the atmosphere increased, indicating a reduction of the global cycling rate. This result was explored further using a number of 50-year climate simulations from different models forced with observed SST. The anomalies and trends in the cycling rate and hydrologic variables of different GCMs are remarkably similar. The global annual anomalies of precipitation show a significant upward trend related to the upward trend of surface temperature, during the latter half of the twentieth century. While this implies an increase in the hydrologic cycle intensity, a concomitant increase of total precipitable water again leads to a decrease in the calculated global cycling rate. An analysis of the land/sea differences shows that the simulated precipitation over land has a decreasing trend while the oceanic precipitation has an upward trend consistent with previous studies and the available observations. The decreasing continental trend in precipitation is located primarily over tropical land regions, with some other regions, such as North America experiencing an increasing trend. Precipitation trends are diagnosed further using the water tracers to delineate the precipitation that occurs because of continental evaporation, as opposed to oceanic evaporation. These diagnostics show that over global land areas, the recycling of continental moisture is decreasing in time. However, the recycling changes are not spatially uniform so that some regions, most notably over the United States, experience continental recycling of water that increases in time.
The Publicness of Policy Environments: An Evaluation of Subprime Mortgage Lending

Previous evaluations of publicness have focused largely on organizations and organizational behavior. This analysis extends the applicability of publicness one step further, to consider the effect of the publicness of policy environments on resulting individual-level outcomes. Subprime or high-cost mortgage lending was an increasingly dominant strategy in the mid2000s to deal with the uncertainty of extending mortgages to borrowers with perceived higher risk. However, contrary to efficiency pricing rationales, whether or not a borrower received a high-cost loan may not be completely determined by individual risk characteristics but may also be influenced by the lending environment. Through multilevel modeling, this analysis investigates the influence of the publicness of the lending environment at the county level on the probability of a borrower receiving a high-cost loan in 2006. The results indicate that an increase in the publicness of a lending environment reduces the probability of a borrower receiving a high-cost (subprime) mortgage. The implications of these findings not only contribute to mortgage lending but also provide a springboard to consider a key ‘‘meta-issue’’ in public administration: the interplay of political and economic authority in diverse policy and management environments, and the effects on individual-level outcomes.
Silver-doped sol–gel films as the substrate for surface-enhanced Raman scattering

A method was developed to prepare silver-doped sol–gel films for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection. The technique involves first doping silver ions as a silver ammine complex [Ag(NH3)2+] into a sol–gel matrix, followed by chemical reduction of the doped silver ions into the corresponding silver metal particles. The silver-doped sol–gel films coated on a glass substrate exhibit strong enhancement (24000-fold) of Raman scattering from molecules adsorbed on the surface. Very stable SERS spectra of benzoic acid over a period of 48 h were obtained with the new silver substrate. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.