cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Architectural Knowledge in an SOA Infrastructure Reference Architecture

In this chapter, we present an industrial case study for the creation and usage of architectural knowledge. We first introduce the business domain, service portfolio, and knowledge management approach of the company involved in the case. Next, we introduce a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) infrastructure reference architecture as a primary carrier of architectural knowledge in this company. Moreover, we present how we harvested architectural knowledge from industry projects to create this reference architecture. We also present feedback from early reference architecture users. Finally, we conclude and give an outlook to future work.
Abstract T P183: Transient Neurological Symptoms with MRI Evidence of Infarction in an Emergency Department Observation Unit

Background: Transient symptoms with infarction (TSI) is distinguished from transient ischemic attack (TIA) by the presence of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) lesions on MRI. We report a series of patients with DWI lesions identified in an emergency department observation unit (EDOU) TIA protocol. Methods: Patients were treated in the ED of a tertiary care center (annual census=100,000 visits). In the first 3 months of operation of an EDOU for TIA, 50 patients met inclusion criteria of sudden/transient neurological deficit in the absence of known metabolic or cardiac source. Patients were excluded from the study if they demonstrated: persistent or stuttering deficits; fever >100.4F, heart rate 100 bpm; SBP >180 or <100mmHg; pulse ox <93%; or positive CT. Evaluation included: laboratory analyses; CT/MRI/MRA of the head/neck; EKG; echocardiogram, and neurology consult. MR data (ED 1.5T MR unit) include: DWI, ADC, GRE, and T2FLAIR images. Patients with TSI, were identified by the presence of 1 or mor...
Genomics of the plant pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora: insights into biology and evolution.

Abstract The genus Phytophthora includes many destructive pathogens of plants. Although having “fungus‐like” appearances, Phytophthora species reside in a eukaryotic kingdom separate from that of true fungi. Distinct strategies are therefore required to study and defend against Phytophthora. Large sequence databases have recently been developed for several species, and tools for functional genomics have been enhanced. This chapter will review current progress in understanding the genome and transcriptome of Phytophthora, and provide examples of how genomics resources are advancing molecular studies of pathogenesis, development, transcription, and evolution. A better understanding of these remarkable pathogens should lead to new approaches for managing their diseases.
Teleoperation of a Surgical Robot Via Airborne Wireless Radio and Transatlantic Internet Links

Robotic assisted surgery generates the possibility of remote operation between surgeon and patient. We need better understanding of the engineering issues involved in operating a surgical robot in remote locations and through novel communication links between surgeon and surgery site. This paper describes two recent experiments in which we tested the RAVEN, a new prototype surgical robot manipulation system, in field and laboratory conditions. In the first experiment, the RAVEN was deployed in a pasture and ran on generator power. Telecommunication with the surgical control station was provided by a novel airborne radio link supported by an unmanned aerial vehicle. In the second experiment, the RAVEN was teleoperated via Internet between Imperial College in London and the BioRobotics Lab at the University of Washington in Seattle. Data are reported on surgeon completion times for basic tasks and on network latency experience. The results are a small step towards teleoperated surgical robots which can be rapidly deployed in emergency situations in the field.
Role of Insulin in Food Intake, Weight Gain and Lipid Deposition in the Zucker Obese Rat

The role of insulin status in the development of obesity in Zucker rats was determined by equalization of available insulin. When streptozotocin-induced diabetic obese and lean rats received the same level of exogenous insulin, body weight gain and food intake per body weight were equalized. These types of observations are usually interpreted as proof for a role of insulin in genetically induced obesity. However, a more definitive examination of the composition of gain showed that the obese rat was still gaining significantly more lipid than the lean rat in spite of the equalization of available insulin. Further examination of liver enzymes involved in de novo lipogenesis indicated that increased heptic lipogenesis was not dependent on hyperinsulinemia. Protein gain in lean and obese rats was not significantly different. This study demonstrates that excessive weight gain and food intake of genetically obese rats is dependent on the differences in insulin status between lean and obese rats. The partitioning of more dietary energy toward lipid in the obese rat is independent of both food intake and insulin.
Variability in postheparin hepatic lipase activity is associated with plasma adiponectin levels in African Americans.

Background African Americans commonly have normal high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low triglyceride levels despite having insulin resistance and obesity. The higher than expected HDL-C levels are usually attributed to low levels of hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL) activity. Factors that regulate HTGL in African Americans are not well delineated. Methods In the current study, HTGL activity was examined in relation to indices of body fat (body mass index [BMI] and waist circumference [WC]), insulin resistance (fasting plasma insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR] index), and adipokines (adiponectin and leptin). Sixty-three African Americans (33 men, 30 women; median age 31 years, range 20-50 years; median BMI 28.6 kg/m2, range 19.7-54.7 kg/m2) had anthropometry and measurement of postheparin lipase activities (HTGL), plasma HDL-C, triglycerides, and plasma adiponectin. Results HTGL correlated strongly with HDL-C (r = −.52, p Conclusion The data suggest that adiponectin is a significant metabolic concomitant of HTGL activity in African Americans.
Comparing regret of disclosing HIV versus sexual orientation information by MSM

Very little research has been conducted focusing on regret associated with disclosing either HIV-positive serostatus or sexual orientation information. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of regret related to the disclosure of serostatus and sexual orientation to family members among HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) and to further explore the participant, family member, and relationship characteristics that influence the likelihood of experiencing regret. Almost half of participants indicated no regret with the disclosure of either HIV-positive serostatus or sexual orientation. Among those that did experience some regret, the prevalence of regret with at least one family member was similar for HIV-positive serostatus (39.4%) and for sexual orientation (37.3%). Suggestions for professionals working with HIV-positive MSM and implications for future research are presented.
AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DETERMINANTS OF GLOBAL INTEGRATION

The primary concern of this paper is the structural characteristics of an industry that generate returns to transnational integration: manufacturing scale economies and technological intensity. Integration is operationalized as intrafirm flows of resources. Intrafirm trade as a proportion of all international sales is used as an index of integration across 56 manufacturing industries containing U.S.-based firms. Ordinary least-squares analysis of the determinants of integration—technological intensity, manufacturing scale, advertising intensity, and internationalization (as a control) reveals that technological intensity, advertising intensity, and the control are significant and scale is not. I argue that technology is the primary determinant of cross-border integration and the importance of manufacturing scale has been overemphasized, and conclude by discussing the implications of the increasing cost and complexity of technology for the state-based political system.
Cu+2 or Cu+1 in chalcogenide spinels?

Abstract From a comparison of interatomic distances in CuCr 2 Se 4 and CuCr 2 Se 3 Br, it is shown that copper is most probably divalent in chalcogenide spinels of the type CuCr 2 X 4 .
English as an additional language in Indonesia

: This paper examines the forms and functions of English as a ‘foreign language’ in Indonesia. A brief survey of the historical and current status of English in Indonesia reveals that English has few intranational functions as a dominant code of discourse. However, analysis of data from several sources demonstrates that English is nonetheless having a significant impact on language use in Indonesia, particularly through lexico-semantic and pragmatic contributions to Bahasa Indonesia, the widely spoken national and official language. In complementary distribution with borrowings from other foreign languages, especially Sanskrit, English lexical items are officially or ‘spontaneously’ borrowed for use in specific domains. These borrowings are often semantically extended, restricted, or totally shifted to provide new registers for Bahasa Indonesia, to foreground a modern identity for educated urbanites and for those who aspire to be like them, and to express or neutralize new values and behavior patterns in Indonesia's rapidly modernizing society. This paper concludes that these functions of English in the linguistic repertoires of many Indonesians warrant its classification in Indonesia as an ‘additional’ rather than merely a ‘foreign’ language.
Temperature and Density Dependence of the Local Magnetic Field in Dense Xenon Gas

We report precise NMR frequency measurements on fluid xenon which show a temperature-dependent local magnetic field and small but significant deviations from a linear density dependence of the local field. These data can be used to obtain values for the shift of the local field from its zero-density limit as well as the temperature dependence of the shift per unit density in the low-density limit.
Anomalies in the One-Dimensional Anderson Model at Weak Disorder

We show that at the special energiesE=2cosπp/q, the invariant measure, the Lyapunov exponent, and the density of states can be extended to zero disorder as C∞ functions in the disorder parameter. In particular, we obtain asymptotic series in the disorder parameter. This gives a rigorous proof of the existence of the anomalies originally discovered by Kappus and Wegner and studied by Derrida and Gardner and by Bovier and Klein.
Coloboma and anorectal malformations: a rare association with important clinical implications

Purpose In a patient with an anorectal malformation (ARM), the presence of a coloboma is commonly associated with other serious anomalies.
The Epstein-Barr virus origin of plasmid replication, oriP, contains both the initiation and termination sites of DNA replication

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) oriP contains two components, a dyad symmetry element and a direct repeat element, that, in the presence of EBV nuclear antigen 1, are necessary and sufficient for plasmid replication. We have examined the replicative forms generated by EBV oriP using 2D gel electrophoresis. The patterns obtained from an oriP plasmid in a transfected cell line indicate that the site of initiation of DNA replication is at or very near the dyad symmetry element, while the direct repeats contain a replication fork barrier and the termination site. Thus, replication from oriP proceeds in a predominantly undirectional manner. The patterns obtained from cells immortalized by EBV suggest that replication from oriP proceeds similarly in the viral genome.
Cytogenetically Engineered Rye Chromosomes 1R to Improve Bread-making Quality of Hexaploid Triticale

Hexaploid triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) is rarely used for human consumption because of its poor bread-making quality. To create the genetic potential for bread-making quality similar to that of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L), rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosome 1R in triticale cv. Presto was cytogenetically engineered to remove secalin loci Sec-1 and Sec-3, and to introduce wheat storage protein loci Gli-1 and Glu-1. The manipulations were by homoeologous recombination between rye chromosome 1R and 1B or 1D of wheat, followed by homologous recombination of primary recombinants with translocation breakpoints in desired locations. This approach generated three classes of multi-breakpoint translocation chromosomes named Valdy, FC and RM. Chromosome Valdy is a three breakpoint translocation with loci Gli-D1, Sec-1 and Glu-D1; chromosomes FC1 and FC2 are five breakpoint translocations with loci Gli-D1 and Glu-D1, and chromosomes RM are six breakpoint translocations with loci Gli-B1 and Glu-D1. Preliminary tests of the effects of these chromosomes show a 230 to 250% increase of the SDSsedimentation value over the recipient triticale Presto. While the impact of these chromosomes on the agronomic value of triticale is not clear, they restore to triticale the genetic load of gluten-encoding loci similar to that of bread wheat, thereby creating the genetic potential for breeding bread-making triticales.
Fluctuations of vacuum microbalance readings

Abstract Vibrations of the ground, contact between the balance pans and the tubes surrounding them, damaged or contaminated supports, thermal gas flows inside the balance casing, fluctuations of the temperature in the laboratory, or electric and magnetic fields at the sample will distort the weight indication of vacuum micro-balances; sorption at impurities, e.g. fingerprints, will falsify the measurements; resonant oscillations of the control system and disturbances of the electric power supply system are additional sources of spurious noise in electronic balances. A brief survey of these disturbances and of how they may be recognised and eliminated is presented in the following.
Plating on Invar, VascoMax C-200, and 440C stainless steel

Procedures for plating on Invar, VascoMax C-200 and 440C stainless steel were evaluated quantitatively for adhesion by use of ring shear and I-beam tests. The ring shear tests involve forcing a rod with premachined rings of thick electrodeposit through a hardened steel die having a hole with a diameter greater than that of the rod but less than that of the rod plus coating. The I-beam tests provide a method for testing adhesion in a tensile fashion and simulate conditions some of the plated parts would see in service. Results with Invar revealed acceptable adhesion with a process that included a Wood's nickel strike. Higher adhesion values were obtained with VascoMax C-200 with use of anodic treatment in phosphoric acid followed by cathodic treatment in sulfuric acid or anodic treatment in sulfuric acid followed by a Wood's nickel strike. Similarly, highest adhesion values were obtained with 440C stainless steel when anodic treatment in sulfuric acid and Wood's nickel striking were used.
The relationship between case manager expectations and outcomes of persons diagnosed with schizophrenia.

The present study examined the relationship between case managers’ expectations about the abilities of persons diagnosed with schizophrenia and the outcomes (as indicated via chart review) of a randomly selected sample of clients diagnosed with schizophrenia on their caseload. Results indicate that clients of case managers with higher expectations averaged significantly more months of progress in employment than clients of case managers with lower expectations. Case manager expectations were also better predictors of the number of days employed than other case manager and consumer characteristics, however the type of expectation was a critical determinant of the direction of the effect. Case manager expectations were not related to outcomes in living situation.
Diagenesis of Quaternary Bahamian beachrock; petrographic and isotopic evidence

ABSTRACT Carbonate beachrock is a common feature on many beaches of San Salvador Island, Bahamas. These well-indurated slabs of cemented beach sand are jointed normal and parallel to the shoreline and slope gently seaward. Constituent sediment grains are identical to those of adjacent, unlithified beach sands. Beachrock exposed along the northern, western, and southern coastline of the island is commonly characterized by aragonite-needle cement, micritized grains, and micritic envelopes, which are features of early marine-phreatic diagenesis. These beachrocks have whole-rock 13C values of + 4.75 (PDB) and 18O values of - 0.75 (PDB), which are identical to carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of isolated aragonite-needle cement and unlithified beach sand. Inclusion of Recent artifacts in the rock indicates that these deposits are Holocene. Beachrock from one locality on the western side of the island is covered with a calcrete crust, indicating prolonged subaerial exposure and vadose weathering associated with the formation of organic-rich soils. Petrographic features include low-Mg calcite cement, evidence of neomorphism of aragonitic cement and micritic rims to low-Mg calcite, random needle-fiber calcite, calcified filaments, and micritic networks. Whole-rock 13C values of these beachrocks range from + 3.66 to - 6.85 and 18O from -2.16 to - 3.68. The wide range of 13C values in these samples is probably a function of the relative proportions of meteoric-vadose to meteoric and/or marine-phreatic cements in individual samples. Isolated meteoric-phreatic cements are only slightly enriched in the light isotopes relative to marine cements, whereas meteoric vadose cements are significantly lighter. The diagenetic features suggest the beachrock passed through marine-phreatic to meteoric-phreatic and meteoric-vadose diagenetic environments. This diagenetic sequence commonly forms in response to sea-level lowering. Evidence of deposition in a shoreline environment and prolonged residence in meteoric-phreatic and meteoric-vadose environments suggests that these beachrocks may be late Pleistocene.
Hairy cell leukemia. An autopsy study

Autopsy material from 5 patients with hairy cell leukemia was examined. In addition to the expected widespread involvement of the hematopoietic system and of the liver, all of the patients had various amounts of pulmonary infiltration by leukemic cells. This infiltration was so severe in one instance that the resulting pulmonary insufficiency was the cause of death. Other areas of hairy cell infiltration included the peripancreatic connective tissue in all cases, kidneys in 3 cases, pericardium in 2 cases, and skin in 1 case. Association of plasma cells with the infiltrating neoplastic cells was prominent. In one patient, foci of large, bizarre cells were found in several lymph nodes and in the pericardium. Whether these cells represent transformation of the hairy cells into a larger, less differentiated cell type, or the emergence of a second hematopoietic neoplasm, is unknown.
Constitutive protein content of procaspases in murine tissue

Caspases are proteases most notably involved in apoptosis and inflammation. Although mRNA content is better described, the constitutive protein content of procaspases between tissue types is not well documented. Since mRNA and protein content do not necessarily correlate, we aimed to discern protein content differences between various tissues. Protein content of procaspase-1, -8, -9, and -12 was assessed in gastrocnemius, heart, liver, and kidney. Since highly expressed in skeletal muscle, content of procaspase-12 was also analyzed in muscles with different fiber type compositions to discern any fiber type differences. Furthermore, Western analysis for procaspase-12 revealed prominent bands of ∼40 kDa and ∼30 kDa under basal conditions, in addition to the 50 kDa band corresponding to the full-length procaspase. Therefore, the content of these caspase-12 related species in the tissue and muscle types is also described. Results show protein content of procaspase-1,-8, -9, and -12 and caspase-12 related species differs between tissue types and do not necessarily correlate with mRNA content reported in the published literature. Procaspase-12 content in skeletal muscle may be fiber-type dependent with higher expression in more oxidative fibers. Furthermore, the 40 kDa species of caspase-12 was the dominant form of the protein in most tissues analyzed.
Balancing law and politics: Judicial incentives in WTO dispute settlement

Can international courts ever be independent of state influence? If not, how do courts manage the tension between legal principles and political concerns? We address these questions through an analysis of one of the most independent international adjudication mechanisms – dispute settlement at the World Trade Organization (WTO). We find that the ad hoc nature of WTO panels, judicial hierarchy, and panelists’ concern for compliance create a set of incentives that encourage panelists to moderate rulings against the most powerful WTO members. Our analysis shows that WTO dispute settlement panels limit the negative effects of judgements against the United States and the European Union by reducing the scope of such verdicts through the use of judicial economy. We argue that WTO panels use this practice to balance the demands of the law with the concerns of powerful members, which results in a level of judicial restraint on the part of panels and increased prospects for compliance by the US and EU.
Ammonium boranes for the selective complexation of cyanide or fluoride ions in water.

With the recognition of aqueous fluoride and cyanide ions as an objective, we have investigated the anion binding properties of two isomeric ammonium boranes, namely [p-(Mes2B)C6H4(NMe3)]+ ([1]+) and [o-(Mes2B)C6H4(NMe3)]+ ([2]+). These cationic boranes, which could be obtained by reaction of the known 4- and 2-dimesitylboryl-N,N-dimethylaniline with MeOTf, have been investigated both experimentally and computationally. They both react with fluoride and cyanide ions in organic solvents to afford the corresponding fluoroborate/ or cyanoborate/ammonium zwitterions 1F, 1CN, 2F, and 2CN. In aqueous solution, however, these cationic boranes behave as remarkably selective receptors. Indeed, [1]+ only complexes cyanide ions while [2]+ only complexes fluoride ions. In H2O/DMSO 60:40 vol (HEPES 6 mM, pH 7), the cyanide binding constant of [1]+ and the fluoride binding constant of [2]+ are respectively equal to 3.9 (±0.1) × 108 and 910 (±50) M-1. Structural and computational studies indicate that both steric and el...
An expanded set of functional groups in bis(dithiolene)tungsten(IV,VI) complexes related to the active sites of tungstoenzymes, Including WIV-SR and WVI-O(SR).

The active sites of tungstoenzymes have the formulations W I V , V L(S 2 pd) 2 and W V I LL'(S 2 pd) 2 , in which two pyranopterindithiolene cofactor ligands (S 2 pd) are chelated to a tungsten atom. Ligands L and/or L' are notfully defined in any wild-type enzyme. The feasibility of various coordination fragments (functional groups) in potential bis(dithiolene)tungsten site analogues has been examined in previous work by exploratory synthesis. This investigation expands the range of accessible functional groups. The synthetic scheme originates with [W(CO) 2 (S 2 C 2 Me 2 ) 2 ], whose carbonyl groups are labile to substitution. Complexes [W I V , V I LL'(S2C2Me2)2] 1 - are described in terms of their functional groups W I V , V I LL'. Reaction of the dicarbonyl with formate in acetonitrile/THF affords W I V (CO)(η 1 -HCO 2 ) (4) and in Me 2 SO W V I O(η 1 -HCO 2 ) (7) by an oxo transfer reaction. Carboxylates yield six-coordinate W I V (η 2 -O 2 CR) (1-3, R = Ph, Me, Bu t ) with C 2 v symmetry. Reaction of 3 (R = Bu t ) with Me 3 SiSR (R = C 6 H 2 -2,4,6-Pr t 3) gives W I V (SR) (5), which undergoes oxo and sulfido atom transfer to form W V I O(SR) (8) and W V I S(SR) (9), respectively. Attempts to prepare corresponding selenolate complexes, pertinent to the active site of formate dehydrogenase, were unsuccessful, including reactions of W V I OCI (10) with RSe - . Structure proofs of 2-10 were obtained by X-ray structure determinations. Some 26 functional group types in bis(dithiolene)W(IV,V,VI) molecules have now been achieved by synthesis. It remains to be seen which are incorporated in an enzyme site. A number of them (e.g., 5) are directly analogous to molybdoenzyme sites, and may possess corresponding reactivity with biological substrates, as do W I V (OR)/W V I O(OR) (prepared earlier) in the reduction of N- and S-oxides by atom transfer.
Absolute charge state yields of 20 MeV 127I Ions emerging from a gas stripper

Abstract Absolute charge state yields of 20 MeV 127 I ions emerging within cone half angles of 4, 6, and 8 mrad from a differentially pumped gas cell of length 9.4 cm have been measured using N 2 , Ar, Kr, and Xe stripper gases. Measurements were made over a pressure range of 0.01–0.2 torr. Data are presented which illustrate the influence of cell pressure and included solid angle on the total charge state yield from each of the gases. In this study, particular emphasis was placed on measurements which will be useful in the design and operation of tandem accelerator gas strippers.
Spin-parity analysis of the K∗(890)π system in the Q-region

We have used a multipole moments analysis to determine the spin-parity of the K∗ π system in the Q-region (1.0 GeV < M(K∗π) < 1.48 GeV), using events from the reaction K+p → K+pπ+π− at 5.5 GeV/c. We find JP = 1+ over the whole of this mass range. Observed effects which could be due to the presence of states of higher spin in the Q-enhancement (or to the presence of a Kϱ decay mode of the Q) can be satisfactorily explained as arising from the cuts made in the data for the K∗ π decay of a pure JP = 1+ state.
Molecular Packing in Electroclinic Liquid Crystal Elastomer Films

The structure and molecular packing of an electroclinic liquid crystal elastomer (ELCE) is examined using X-ray diffraction in an unstressed state, under mechanical load, and in the presence of electric fields of varying strength and opposing polarity. A fully three-dimensional pattern of the unstressed elastomer is constructed revealing a detailed look into the molecular packing. Several expected features have been observed in the elastomer film, including well-ordered smectic layering, chevron formation under increasing mechanical load, and molecular reorientation accompanied by layer contraction in the presence of an electric field. Additional intralayer rearrangements related to the molecular switching in the presence of an electric field have also been observed. A model based on periodic pair distribution functions is presented to explain the X-ray scattering observations under each of the tested conditions, starting with the observation that layer-related diffraction bands cannot simply be indexed a...
Playing with Power and Privilege: Theatre Games in Teacher Education.

Abstract In preparing White teachers to educate a diverse society, teacher educators must help them see the veil which colors their views of the world and privileges them. This study explores the need for playing with power and privilege to deconstruct the concept of meritocracy and challenge the idea of one-ness, thereby fostering more conscious locations of White pre-service teachers. It proposes that Boalian theatre games can serve as powerful yet playful and innovative approaches for accessing values and beliefs shaping pre-service teachers’ views of the(ir) world, influencing their roles as teachers and the pedagogies in which they plan to engage.
Remarks on Superconductivity.

Great efforts have been expended on the electron theory of metals during the last thirty years. The classical theory was at fault because it considered the electrons as entirely free. The quantum theory partly remedied this fault. In the first place, through application of the exclusion principle, the interaction between the electrons was schematically taken into account. In the second place the effect of the remaining ion lattice was introduced by placing the electrons into a fixed triply periodic field of force, corresponding to the distribution of the positive metal ions over the lattice. The results of all these efforts are still far from satisfactory. In particular the phenomenon known as superconductivity has so far defied all explanation.
An improved colorimetric determination of amino acids with the use of ninhydrin

Abstract An improved colorimetric determination of amino acids with the use of ninhydrin is described.
Receptor binding by influenza virus: using computational techniques to extend structural data.

Influenza attaches to host cells via hemagglutinin binding of cell-surface glycans. These relatively low-affinity interactions involving flexible ligands are critical in determining tissue and host specificity, but their dynamic nature complicates structural characterization of hemagglutinin–receptor complexes. Molecular simulation can assist in analyzing glycan and protein flexibility in crystallized complexes, assessing how binding might change under mutation or altered glycosylation patterns, and evaluating how soluble ligands may relate to physiological presentation on the plasma membrane. Molecular dynamics simulation also has the potential to help integrate structural and dynamic data sources. Here we review recent progress from analysis of molecular dynamics simulation and outline challenges for the future.
Science, Policy, and the U.S. Congress

Scientists often misunderstand the role science plays and should play in policy making. Those misconceptions are captured well in the debate over whether Congress should recreate an Office of Technology Assessment (OTA).
Corrigendum to: “Are common factors involved in the pathogenesis of primary liver cancers? A meta-analysis of risk factors for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma” [J Hepatol 2012;57:69–76]

There is an error in the above paper: the text on page 70 ‘‘However, the meta-analysis indicated that presence of hepatitis B virus was associated with a combined OR of 5.54, with 95% confidence intervals of 3.19–9.63 for IH-CCA’’ should read: ‘‘However, the meta-analysis indicated that presence of hepatitis B virus was associated with a combined OR of 5.10, with 95% confidence intervals of 2.91–8.95 for IH-CCA’’.
Exploring strange nucleon form factors on the lattice

We discuss techniques for evaluating sea quark contributions to hadronic form factors on the lattice and apply these to an exploratory calculation of the strange electromagnetic, axial, and scalar form factors of the nucleon. We employ the Wilson gauge and fermion actions on an anisotropic ${24}^{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}64$ lattice, probing a range of momentum transfer with ${Q}^{2}l1\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{GeV}}^{2}$. The strange electric and magnetic form factors, ${G}_{E}^{s}({Q}^{2})$ and ${G}_{M}^{s}({Q}^{2})$, are found to be small and consistent with zero within the statistics of our calculation. The lattice data favor a small negative value for the strange axial form factor ${G}_{A}^{s}({Q}^{2})$ and exhibit a strong signal for the bare strange scalar matrix element $⟨N|\overline{s}s|N{⟩}_{0}$. We discuss the unique systematic uncertainties affecting the latter quantity relative to the continuum, as well as prospects for improving future determinations with Wilson-like fermions.
A TUG on glucose transport.

Glucose transport into the cell is a delicate process that is highly responsive to insulin. A newly identified protein that may tether to the glucose transporter helps keep glucose traffic running smoothly in human cells.
Barometric price leadership

Abstract Barometric price leadership refers to situations in which a price leader acts as a barometer of prevailing market conditions for other firms in the industry. In this paper, a model of price setting with costly information acquisition is analyzed. It is shown that the unique equilibrium outcome is for one firm to acquire information and become a price leader, while the other firm does not purchase information and becomes a follower. In contrast to most previous work, leadership in this model is due to the informational setting, not the price-setting mechanism as, with symmetric information, the unique outcome is the symmetric Bertrand equilibrium.
Redox regulation of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 activity in Long-Evans Cinnamon rats during spontaneous hepatitis

The Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rat is an animal model for Wilson’s disease. This animal is genetically predisposed to copper accumulation in the liver, increased oxidative stress, accumulation of DNA damage, and the spontaneous development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, this animal model is useful for studying the relationship of endogenous DNA damage to spontaneous carcinogenesis. In this study, we have investigated the apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1)-mediated excision repair of endogenous DNA damage, apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP)-sites, which is highly mutagenic and implicated in human cancer. We found that the activity was reduced in the liver extracts from the acute hepatitis period of LEC rats as compared with extracts from the age-matched Long-Evans Agouti rats. The acute hepatitis period had also a heightened oxidative stress condition as assessed by an increase in oxidized glutathione level and loss of enzyme activity of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, a key redox-sensitive protein in cells. Interestingly, the activity reduction was not due to changes in protein expression but apparently by reversible protein oxidation as the addition of reducing agents to extracts of the liver from acute hepatitis period reactivated APE1 activity and thus, confirmed the oxidation-mediated loss of APE1 activity under increased oxidative stress. These findings show for the first time in an animal model that the repair mechanism of AP-sites is impaired by increased oxidative stress in acute hepatitis via redox regulation which contributed to the increased accumulation of mutagenic AP-sites in liver DNA.
Automated design based upon Microprogrammable Bit Slice Microprocessors

This article will discuss an automated approach to designing digital systems which is based upon the use of System Description Languages (SDL)1,2,3 and Microprogrammable Bit Slice Microprocessors (MBSM)4,5. Both of these concepts have started to reach maturity in recent years with the result that Computer Aided Design (CAD) systems6,7,8 are starting to evolve to a level whereby they may be truly useful in automating certain of the traditionally difficult and time consuming steps in the digital systems design process. In addition to simply minimizing the time consumed in the design process, an automated design approach also opens the possibilities of evaluating different hardware system configurations through simulation.This article will discuss an approach taken at the University of Connecticut to realize a limited form of a CAD system which is based upon a high level design language and the Intel 3000 Family Microprogrammable Bit Slice Microcomputer. The overall design system is called the Restructurable Microprocessor Design System (RMDS)10 and it has been realized in a two phase form. This consists of a high level language system specification phase which occurs in the University Computer Center. This step generates a semi-complete design of the hardware system including the system control unit. An implementation phase may then occur in the Computer Science Microprocessor Laboratory where the design may be translated into a hardware form.
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C): A Review of Molecular and Clinical Literature

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C) is heritable cardiomyopathy that may result in arrhythmia, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Approximately 50–60% of ARVD/C patient will have an identifiable pathogenic mutation in one of seven genes associated with the cardiac desmosome and other cardiac pathways. Genetic counseling remains complicated, however, because of great variable expressivity and reduced penetrance, even within members of the same family. Diagnosis of ARVD/C is made by meeting a set of major and minor diagnostic criteria, revised in 2010. Despite this, misdiagnosis is a chronic problem. Management of ARVD/C is aimed at reducing risk of sudden death/arrhythmias and preventing progression of disease. Strenuous physical activity is increasingly recognized as a significant risk factor in disease presentation and progression and is an important factor in preventative management. Anticipation of the psychosocial implications of this disease is also an important aspect of patient management. This review presents an overview of the clinical diagnosis, management, as well as disease mechanism and genetics of this rare cardiomyopathy.
Stress Relief in Contact-Aided Compliant Cellular Mechanisms

Compliant cellular structures with an internal contact mechanism are described in this paper. Contact during deformation reduces failure-causing bending stresses through stress relief, thereby enabling such cellular structures to be stretched more than the corresponding structures without contact. Finite element analysis (FEA) is carried out to simulate the structure. An analytical model is developed to get results quicker than FEA and to develop insight into the mechanics of the deformation process. The error in prediction of the maximum stretching capacity using the analytical model is less than 7% when compared with finite element simulations. Several materials are investigated for such structures. Although the allowable strain of all these materials is small, the overall strain of the contact-aided cellular structures is at least an order of magnitude greater than that of the constitutive material. The contact mechanism and the induced stress relief increase the stretching capacity of the contact-aided cellular structures by as much as 100%. Experiments are conducted to validate the models, and good agreement is found. A high-strain morphing aircraft skin is examined as an application of these mechanisms. The results indicate that the proposed skin structure not only increases the morphing capacity but also decreases the structural mass by 13% as compared with a cellular skin without contact.
Intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonding in some cobaltacarboranes

Two novel and unsymmetrical commo-cobaltacarboranes which contain an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the dicarbollyl C– H and the nitrogen atom of a piperidine or pyrollidine substituent and two additional external hydrogen bond interactions. Each of the two dicarbollide ligands is monosubstituted at carbon, leaving one acidic carboranyl C– H in each dicarbollide ligand available for hydrogen bonding interactions. One of these interacts with the substituent on the other dicarbollide ligand while the other interacts more weakly with a solvent molecule. One of the two amine substituents is protonated, making the cobaltacarborane neutral, and the resulting ammonium hydrogen interacts with a solvent molecule. The mono-N-protonated piperidine and pyrollidine cobalt carborane derivatives 1 and 2, respectively, were characterized by X-ray diffraction studies. q 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Rain-on-snow events impact soil temperatures and affect ungulate survival

[1] Field data from Spitsbergen and numerical modeling reveal that rain-on-snow (ROS) events can substantially increase sub-snowpack soil temperatures. However, ROS events have not previously been accounted for in high latitude soil thermal analyses. Furthermore such events can result in widespread die-offs of ungulates due to soil surface icing. The occurrence of Spitsbergen ROS events is controlled by the North Atlantic Oscillation. Globally, atmospheric reanalysis data show that significant ROS events occur predominantly over northern maritime climates, covering 8.4 × 106 km2. Under a standard climate change scenario, a global climate model predicts a 40% increase in the ROS area by 2080–2089.
Effect of Wv locus in mouse on differential excretion of isomers of several amino acids.

SummaryMice of WvWv, WWy, and Wv w genotypes, unlike other mice, excrete the D-isomers of phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophane, methionine and histidine when the D + L isomers of these amino acids are fed. Ww and ww mice, however, otherwise genetically similar to the above, are able to utilize both the D and L isomers of these amino acids.
Glycosidic bond cleavage is not required for phytosteryl glycoside-induced reduction of cholesterol absorption in mice.

Phytosteryl glycosides occur in natural foods but little is known about their metabolism and bioactivity. Purified acylated steryl glycosides (ASG) were compared with phytosteryl esters (PSE) in mice. Animals on a phytosterol-free diet received ASG or PSE by gavage in purified soybean oil along with tracers cholesterol-d7 and sitostanol-d4. In a three-day fecal recovery study, ASG reduced cholesterol absorption efficiency by 45 ± 6% compared with 40 ± 6% observed with PSE. Four hours after gavage, plasma and liver cholesterol-d7 levels were reduced 86% or more when ASG was present. Liver total phytosterols were unchanged after ASG administration but were significantly increased after PSE. After ASG treatment both ASG and deacylated steryl glycosides (SG) were found in the gut mucosa and lumen. ASG was quantitatively recovered from stool samples as SG. These results demonstrate that ASG reduces cholesterol absorption in mice as efficiently as PSE while having little systemic absorption itself. Cleavage of the glycosidic linkage is not required for biological activity of ASG. Phytosteryl glycosides should be included in measurements of bioactive phytosterols.
CELLULAR ROLES OF KINESIN AND RELATED PROTEINS

Abstract Kinesin is but one member of a large superfamily of microtubule-based motor proteins. This diverse group of motors drives a numer of essential subcellular movements, including transport of membranous organelles and mitotic spindle functions. Recent observations have revealed examples of functional cooperativity and antagonism between different kinesin-related motors.
Prevention of pelvic adhesion formation by different modalities of treatment.

This prospective study was designed to investigate the effect of glucocorticoids, promethazine (Phenergan), hyskon, heparin, and Ringer's lactated solution in the prevention of pelvic adhesion formation after pelvic surgery. The patients were divided into two groups: The first consisted of 396 patients who had laparotomy for different types of pelvic surgery, and the second group consisted of 546 patients who had operative laparoscopy for different types of pelvic disease. Patients in these two major groups were divided prospectively into different subgroups with different modalities of adjuvant therapy to prevent postoperative pelvic adhesions. A 'second-look laparoscopy was performed for some of the patients who failed to conceive in each of these subgroups. Pregnancy rate and adhesion formation were compared between these subgroups with no statistical difference noted. It is concluded that glucocorticoids, promethazine, heparin, and hyskon have no therapeutic advantage over Ringer's lactated solution in the prevention of postoperative pelvic adhesion formation.
Tumors of minor salivary origin

All cases of minor salivary neoplasm seen at Memorial Hospital during a 25-year period are reviewed. More than 88% had malignant tumors, and adenoidcystic carcinoma was the lesion most frequently encountered. Although the palate was the site most often involved, great diversity in clinical presentation was noted. Neither the symptomatology nor the gross appearance was of assistance in predicting the histology of these lesions. All but 10% of the patients were treated surgically. Elective radical neck dissection was avoided in those with malignant tumors inasmuch as metastases were as likely to appear in distant sites as in regional lymph nodes. The determinate “cure” rate 5, 10, and 15 years after treatment was 44.5, 32.6, and 21.4%, respectively. Histology, anatomic site, and the extent of the disease were the factors which most influenced survival.
Respiratory tract injury, pathophysiology and response to therapy among burned patients.

Summary In an attempt to gain new insights into the relative importance, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology of pulmonary complications following thermal injury a review and interpretation of the various studies in this area is presented.
Validity of self-reported mammography in low-income African-American women

Abstract Background: Mammography screening reduces mortality by 25% to 30% in women aged 50 to 69. Because mammography screening is often used less frequently than the recommended guidelines, many descriptive and intervention studies are underway to increase use of this important screening tool. Assessment of intervention effect is dependent on valid measurement of mammography use. Although several studies have shown a close correspondence between self-report and medical records, most had few minority participants. Methods: The purpose of this report was to compare self-reported mammography and medical records of mammography status in a low-income African-American sample. A total of 229 low-income (at 150% of poverty or below) African-American women were interviewed regarding breast cancer screening. Response categories that assessed last mammogram were “within the last 12 months,” “13–24 months,” and “over 24 months,” as well as date and location of last mammogram. Self-reported mammography was compared with medical records at the facility named by respondents. Results: Comparison with self-report showed that only 49% to 60% of reported mammography use could be verified within categories. Conclusion: Self-report alone may not provide accurate rates of mammography compliance. Further research is necessary with ethnic and low-income women.
Identifying Collateral Effects of Offender Reentry Programming Through Evaluative Fieldwork

The transfer of offender supervision from prisons to community corrections has prioritized the implementation of reentry programming and outcome evaluation oriented toward impact specification and evidence based practices discovery. Similar to rehabilitation research, generally, reentry scholarship tends toward the statistical documentation of recidivism and related public safety indicators while under-utilizing qualitative techniques. This study reports the qualitative methods and findings from a mixed methods evaluation of a national model county reentry program for offenders with co-occurring disorders. Observation of treatment services, in-depth interviews with jail administrators and services providers, and focus group interviews with a sample of treatment group participants evidenced collateral benefits of programming. Discussion centers on treatment program implications and the value of mixed methods for justice program evaluation.