cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antiinflammatory and Antiulcer Activities of Non-Steroidal Antiinflammatory Agent Copper Complexes

To date, over 70 copper complexes have been studied as antiinflammatory agents. Results of these studies have been reviewed recently1 and confirm as well as extend original observations that copper complexes of inactive ligands and active antiinflammatory drugs are more active than the parent ligand or inorganic copper. The followng is a brief presentation of some data from the original report suggesting that copper complexes are the active metabolites of antiarthritic drugs2.
Mechanism of Regression in Hormone-Dependent Mammary Carcinomas

Ovariectomy, hypophysectomy, and adrenalectomy, either singly or in combination, can appreciably alter the growth rate of human mammary carcinomas in 30 to 40% of patients. The modification may range from growth arrest for a variable period of time to shrinkage or total disappearance of the tumor. Spontaneous or induced mammary carcinomas of experimental animals behave as the human counterpart. The objective of this chapter is to analyze the events that occur within mammary carcinomas regressing after the hormonal status of the host has been altered. An understanding of these events may offer some clues for the therapeutic induction of tumor regression.
The Problem of Urinary Incontinence

Urinary incontinence is a disorder that is seen in individuals of every age but is most prevalent among people 65 years of age and older. A significant number of otherwise healthy men and women develop difficulties with bladder control as they grow older. Studies of community populations report that 6–15% of elderly men and 11–50% of elderly women experience urinary incontinence (Feneley, Shepherd, Powell, & Blannin, 1979; Yarnell, Voyle, Richards, & Stephenson, 1981). Incontinence is even more common in nursing homes, where 38–56% of residents have uncontrolled urine loss (Jewett, Fernie, Holliday, & Pirn, 1981; U.S. DHEW, 1975).
In vitro MSC function is related to clinical reaction in vivo

We recently demonstrated that intracellular xenogen-contaminated autologous MSCs (FBS) and non-xenogen-contaminated allogeneic (ALLO) MSCs caused an adverse clinical response after repeated intra-articular injection in horses, whereas autologous (AUTO) MSCs did not. Our current objective was to use clinical data from the previous study to compare MSC stemness against adverse response indicated by synovial total nucleated cell count (TNCC) following intra-articular MSC injection. Stemness, quantified by a trilineage differentiation (TLD) score; immunomodulation, quantified by mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLRs); and degree of MHCI expression, quantified by mean fluorescent intensity (MFI); were correlated to the synovial TNCC 24 h after naive and primed injection. There was a trend of a negative correlation (p = 0.21, r = − 0.44) between TLD score and TNCC after primed injection in the ALLO group. Within the ALLO group only, there was a significant positive correlation (p = 0.05, r = 0.77) between MHCI MFI and TNCC after naive injection and a trend (p = 0.16, r = 0.49) of a positive association of MHCI MFI to TNCC after primed injection. Within the FBS group only, there was a positive correlation (p = 0.04, r = 1) between TNCC and lymphocyte proliferation after both injections. The trend of a negative correlation of TLD score and TNCC in the ALLO, but not the FBS group, together with the association of MHCI expression and TNCC in the ALLO group, indicates that improved stemness is associated with reduced MSC immunogenicity. When inflammation was incited by xenogen, there was a strong correlation of lymphocyte activation in vitro to adverse response in vivo, confirming that MLRs in vitro reflect MSC immunomodulatory activity in vivo. The relationship of stemness in vitro, suppression of lymphocyte activation in vitro, MHCI expression in vitro, and clinical response in vivo should be further investigated.
Cell surface PCNA is associated with expression of cancer stem cell transcription factors and inhibit NK cell effector function.

Natural killer (NK) cell function is regulated through a delicate balance of signals received from activating and inhibitory receptors interacting with ligands on the surface of target cells, playing a vital role in the innate immune response against cancer and infection. Cancer cells may evade NK-mediated killing by expressing ligands for NK cell inhibitory receptors. NKp44, a member of the Natural Cytotoxicity Receptor (NCR) family, functions as an activating or inhibitory receptor. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) associates with Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) I and forms the inhibitory ligand for NKp44, resulting in the inhibition of NK function. In this report, we have identified diffuse B cell lymphoma (DB) cells with cell surface PCNA have higher expression of cancer stem cell transcription factors as determined by cell sorting and qRT-PCR. We further demonstrate that the expression of cell surface PCNA is restricted to tumor cells exhibiting a cancer stem cell phenotype. Blocking the NKp44-PCNA interaction enhanced the killing of DB cells displaying cancer stem cell characteristics by NK cells. Characterization of stem cell transcription factors and cell surface PCNA may provide novel immunotherapeutic targets for cancer stem cells.
The Reliability of YouTube Videos Describing Stereotactic Radiosurgery: A Call for Action

Background Gamma Knife radiosurgery was introduced in the 1960s and is currently used worldwide. The internet has become a foremost source of information used by patients and their families. In this study, we aim to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the Gamma Knife radiosurgery–related YouTube videos. Methods We searched YouTube and the first 3 pages sorted according to “Relevance-Based Ranking” were included for analysis. Four independent health care workers from different disciplines evaluated the videos using the validated DISCERN tool. Results Our search resulted in 65,774 videos, and 14 videos met inclusion criteria. Our study found that 50% (7 of 14) of the videos were uploaded by university-affiliated hospitals; 14% of videos scored 3. The search term “Radiosurgery for intraaxial brain lesions” had the highest percentage of moderate videos (DISCERN = 3) (50%). Conclusions Patients and caregivers turn to online sources to gather information about the disease. However, the available YouTube published videos are published without proper academic monitoring, as in such a free platform, published videos tend to catch a general audience for different purposes, which leads to diminishing quality control. Academic medical institutions should consider a proper monitoring process for videos to improve the accuracy of the published information for the patients.
Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for renal repair: Do cardiovascular comorbidities matter?

Extracellular vesicle (EV)-based regenerative therapy has shown promising results in preclinical models of renal disease and might be useful for patients with several forms of chronic kidney diseas...
Mitigation of self-focusing in Thomson scattering experiments

A fundamental challenge associated with measuring Thomson scattering comes from the small scattering cross section associated with the interaction. To improve photon statistics, a powerful Thomson-scattering probe laser is required. Ponderomotive self-focusing limits the maximum power in the Thomson-scattering probe and was shown to limit the maximum achievable Thomson-scattering signal-to-noise ratio. Operating the laser at powers above the self-focusing critical power was shown to cause beam degradation, which reduced the amount of collected Thomson-scattered light. Using a phase plate was shown to improve laser beam propagation and consequently improve the signal-to-noise ratio in the measured spectrum.
Finite element modeling of face/core interface fracture in homogenized honeycomb core sandwich SCB specimens:

Fracture mechanics analysis of a face/core interface crack in a honeycomb core sandwich under mode I-dominated loading conditions is considered. The main objective of the study is to examine how to...
Patient-Specific 3D-Printed Rhinoplasty Operative Guides:

Three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology has become a popular clinical technology for surgical planning and simulation in rhinoplasty. This technology offers the opportunity to translate a simulat...
Towards an Image-Informed Mathematical Model of In Vivo Response to Fractionated Radiation Therapy.

Fractionated radiation therapy is central to the treatment of numerous malignancies, including high-grade gliomas where complete surgical resection is often impractical due to its highly invasive nature. Development of approaches to forecast response to fractionated radiation therapy may provide the ability to optimize or adapt treatment plans for radiotherapy. Towards this end, we have developed a family of 18 biologically-based mathematical models describing the response of both tumor and vasculature to fractionated radiation therapy. Importantly, these models can be personalized for individual tumors via quantitative imaging measurements. To evaluate this family of models, rats (n = 7) with U-87 glioblastomas were imaged with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before, during, and after treatment with fractionated radiotherapy (with doses of either 2 Gy/day or 4 Gy/day for up to 10 days). Estimates of tumor and blood volume fractions, provided by diffusion-weighted MRI and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, respectively, were used to calibrate tumor-specific model parameters. The Akaike Information Criterion was employed to select the most parsimonious model and determine an ensemble averaged model, and the resulting forecasts were evaluated at the global and local level. At the global level, the selected model’s forecast resulted in less than 16.2% error in tumor volume estimates. At the local (voxel) level, the median Pearson correlation coefficient across all prediction time points ranged from 0.57 to 0.87 for all animals. While the ensemble average forecast resulted in increased error (ranging from 4.0% to 1063%) in tumor volume predictions over the selected model, it increased the voxel wise correlation (by greater than 12.3%) for three of the animals. This study demonstrates the feasibility of calibrating a model of response by serial quantitative MRI data collected during fractionated radiotherapy to predict response at the conclusion of treatment.
Valuation in Integrated Financial and Insurance Markets

A market is presented in which actuarial risk is traded through both insurance and financial contracts. The coexistence of these contracts leads to a new price selection criterion. Financial prices have to be actuarially consistent with insurance premiums to exclude arbitrage opportunities in the market. Even though this additional restriction on price dynamics does not imply unique price determination, a representation of actuarially consistent prices is deduced. In this representation, the underlying stochastic structure is separated from the contract’s specifications and a link is established between financial prices and insurance premiums. This connection is examined in more detail for commonly used premium calculation principles. JEL Classification: G12, G13
Thyroid hormone potentiates insulin signaling and attenuates hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine (T3) has many metabolic functions. Unexpectedly, exogenous T3 lowered blood glucose in db/db mice, a model of type 2 diabetes. Here, we have explored this finding and its possible mechanisms further. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH db/db and lean mice were treated with T3, the phosphoinositide 3- kinase (PI3-kinase) inhibitor, LY294002, plus T3, or vehicles. Blood glucose, insulin sensitivity, levels and synthesis were measured. Effects of T3 on intracellular insulin signaling were analyzed in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes with Western blotting. Knock-down of the thyroid hormone receptor α1 (TRα1) in 3T3-L1 cells was achieved with an appropriate silencing RNA (siRNA). KEY RESULTS Single injections of T3 (7 ng·g−1 i.p.) rapidly and markedly attenuated hyperglycemia. Treatment with T3 (14 ng·g−1·day−1, 18 days) dose-dependently attenuated blood glucose and increased insulin sensitivity in db/db mice. Higher doses of T3 (28 ng·g−1·day−1) reversed insulin resistance in db/db mice. T3 also increased insulin levels in plasma and the neurogenic differentiation factor (an insulin synthesis transcription factor) and insulin storage in pancreatic islets in db/db mice. These anti-diabetic effects of T3 were abolished by the PI3-kinase inhibitor (LY294002). In 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, T3 enhanced insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and activation of PI3-kinase, effects blocked by siRNA for TRα1. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS T3 potentiated insulin signaling, improved insulin sensitivity, and increased insulin synthesis, which may contribute to its anti-diabetic effects. These findings may provide new approaches to the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Formalizing objects for databases using ADABTPL

Object-oriented concepts appear to facilitate the specification of certain kinds of systems, such as design, control and distributed applications. Addition of object-oriented concepts to a database specification system would therefore add to the modelling power and convenience of the system. In order to accomplish a seamless integration of a formal database specification system with object-oriented constructs, we need to supply formal semantics for the object-oriented constructs. In this paper, we use the existing formalism of a database specification type system to formalize the object-oriented concepts of object identity, class, and shared objects.
Tibial fracture decreases oxygen levels at the site of injury.

Objectives Oxygen is an essential component for many aspects of tissue repair. However, the effect of oxygen levels on differentiation of stem cells into osteoblasts and chondrocytes during fracture healing is unknown, in part because of the difficulty in measuring oxygen during fracture healing. In this study we tested the feasibility of using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry to assess tissue oxygen partial pressure (pO2) after tibial fractures in mice.
Prediction of Information Transfer from Computer-Generated Dot Matrix Displays

Two separate experiments derived and validated predictive metrics (or equations) of information transfer from dot matrix displays. The initial experiment involved three levels of dot size, three levels of dot shape, three levels of dot spacing, and two levels of ambient illuminance. The predictor variable pool was obtained by Fourier analysis of vertical and horizontal microphotometric scans of each experimental display combination.Multiple regression techniques were used to derive predictive equations for each task. Substantial proportions of experimental variance were accounted for by these equations. These proportions ranged from R2 = .47 for the menu search model to R2 = .57 for the reading task model.An external validation study was conducted using dot parameters equivalent to three commercially available displays. In addition, the matrix size was varied in this experiment. Except for the random search performance, the predictions derived in the first study correlated well with the meassured performa...
Implementing Information Technology Programs

Abstract Implementation of e-government programs at the federal level is a complex process, because such programs are often highly politicized, vague, and under-funded. These factors combined with the mission-critical nature of information technology (IT) in government service provision can lead to short-lived and ineffective programs. The political and fiscal costs of failure have created a need for a methodology to evaluate e-government programs and frameworks to help guide their success. This paper applies three IT implementation models to two federal e-government programs to identify the factors that each theorist contends should lead to increased success. The models selected-Andersen's Public Process Rebuilding Model, Scholl's Business Process Change Model, and Allen's Information as Asset Modelreflect the influence of business models on e-government implementation and attempt to reconcile such an approach with the needs of the public sector. By focusing on the analysis of the following factorspurpos...
Reaction of a polyphosphino ruthenium(II) acetate complex with Grignard reagents: Halogenation, alkylation and β-elimination

Abstract (PMe3)4Ru(H)OAc has been prepared from (PPh3)3Ru(H)OAc via phosphine exchange followed by solvent partitioning between acetonitrile and pentane. Complexes of the type (PMe3)4Ru(H)R (R = Et, nPr, nBu, iBu, H) have been synthesized through reaction with the corresponding Grignard reagents, RMgCl, and were found to be moderately stable provided the alkyl group is primary. Treatment with bulkier alkylmagnesium chlorides led instead to the dihydrido complex (PMe3)4RuH2. In some cases, the reaction was complicated by transfer of halide from the Grignard reagent to form, for example, (PMe3)4Ru(H)Cl.
Becoming American: Constructing Mexican Immigrants in Local Newspapers

Media representation of Latino immigrants has been extensively studied by scholars across diverse academic disciplines. Particular to the U.S. context, preceding scholarships pertaining to the ways in which Latinos were represented centered on the media representation of Latino immigrants either as the exotic racial other or undesirable foreigners. In light of the important role that the Mexican immigrants played in understanding the current national debate on illegal immigration and the overall historical experiences of immigrants in Washington State (WA), this study critically investigated how news articles published in WA represented Mexican immigrants. As a crucial point of departure from prior studies’ focus on media representation in national context and lack of an in-depth inquiry into how the contextual elements operate to affect media coverage, the present study revealed that the local news media constructed Mexican immigrants as the racial other through a dialectical articulation and the assimilationist rhetoric. Key implications for future research were offered at the end for continuing exploration of media representation of immigrants.
Treatment of malignant esophageal obstruction with silicone-coated metallic self-expanding stents

Six patients with high-grade malignant esophageal obstruction were treated with silicone-coated metallic self-expanding esophageal stents (Z stents). Endoscopic placement of stents was well tolerated. All patients achieved excellent palliation, defined by a decrease of at least two dysphagia grades, which was sustained. Complications occurred during follow-up in four patients and included stent migration, silicone disruption with tumor ingrowth, food impaction, and perforation (discovered at autopsy) at the distal stent site. Three of the four complications were promptly treated by endoscopic or radiologic intervention. Recent modification in stent design and placement technique will hopefully reduce complications. The self-expanding stent has several theoretical advantages over the rigid plastic stent and Nd:YAG laser for palliation of obstructing esophageal malignancy.
Pulsatile biventricular assist device and an absent mitral valve.

CONCLUSIONS In cases of acute aortic dissection, the potential for a circumferential intimal tear needs to be considered because intimo-intimal intussusception, although rare, is a serious complication of aortic dissection. Coronary angiography may indicate complete coronary artery occlusion that may be due to the intussuscepting flap and will resolve once the aortic defect has been repaired. Intraoperative
Molecular evidence for multiple episodes of paedomorphosis in the family Hydractiniidae

Key Word Index--Hydroid; medusae reduction; paedomorphosis; phylogeny; mitochondrial DNA. Abstract--Reduction of complex life cycles in the Hydrozoa is commonly achieved by the hetarochronic reduction of the medusa from a free-living to a sessile stage. Two competing traditions of hydroid taxonomy dating from the last century disagree about whether the degree of medusa reduction is an appropriate generic character. A phylogeny based on a fragment of the sequence encoding mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit RNA is constructed for thirteen representatives of three hydractiniid genera, each defined by its degree of medusa reduction. The minimum length trees found by parsimony and distance methods are not consistent with a monophyletic origin for all three genera. Tree topologies constrained to hold the genera Stylactus and HydracEnia monophyletic were shown by a statistical test to be significantly worse than the minimum length trees. These results support the hypothesis that medusa reduction has happened repeatedly in the family Hydractiniidae, thereby calling into question the tradition of hydroid taxonomy which defines genera based on degree of medusa reduction.
Novel small-molecule inhibitors of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.

Sustained angiogenesis is one of the hallmarks of carcinogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a critical molecule mediating pro-angiogenic signals against which a number of therapeutic approaches have been designed. The 2 predominant approaches to inhibiting VEGF signaling are the use of monoclonal antibodies to block the receptor or ligand, and small-molecule receptor kinase inhibitors. There are several small-molecule inhibitors of the tyrosine kinase activity of VEGF receptors in clinical trials. These will be discussed in this review.
The influence of training views on infants' long-term memory for simple 3D shapes.

This investigation explored infants' ability to retrieve a memory for a simple 3D shape from a novel view following a 24-hr delay. Tests of memory for shape in infancy have typically used extremely short delay intervals between familiarization and test in examining the ability to equate between substantially different views of a 3D object. The current study used longer delays to assess the content of a long-term memory representation. Infants 3–4 months of age learned to kick to move a mobile displaying a simple 3D shape (brick or cylinder). Results of three experiments show that infants can recognize 3D shapes in a novel viewpoint across a 24-hr delay, provided that experience with a sufficiently wide range of views is available during training. The results suggest a capacity for the perception of 3D shape that enables access, across long delays, to a memory representation of sufficient detail that discrimination between two simple shapes (i.e., a cylinder and a brick) is possible. The results suggest that this representation is of a sufficiently abstract nature that perception of the 3D form of the object, independent of the changes in specific features accompanying changes in viewpoint, is also possible. This finding suggests that infants, like adults, possess a functional memory system for the distal shape of simple 3D objects, and can transfer training to a novel view using long-term memory, but that this ability is not as strong as in the mature system. These results have implications for the development of shape perception and for theories of object recognition in general. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 49: 406–420, 2007.
The White Hotel: A Sexual Satire

(1985). The White Hotel: A Sexual Satire. Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction: Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 51-63.
The diffusion coefficients of ten slightly soluble gases in water at 10–60°C

Diffusion coefficients for dissolved hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, air, helium, argon, methane, ethane proprane and n-butane have been measured in water at 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 50° and 60°C by following the rate of collapse of small bubbles in gas-free water, the results being compared wherever possible with corresponding diffusivities published in the literature. The temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficients is expressed in terms of an Arrhenius-type exponential relationship, the frequency factor and activation energy for dissolved gas diffusion in water being interpreted in terms of the hole mechanism of activated self diffusion originally proposed by Eyring. The solute gas diffusivities in water are also compared with those predicted theoretically from solvent viscosity by the relationships of Einstein, Eyring, Longuet-Higgins and Pople, Ree, Ree and Eyring, and Houghton, the purpose being to find a physical explanation for the observed variation of diffusion coefficient with solute molecule size.
The Neuropsychiatry of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Background and Objectives: Regimens incorporating hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) have become widely utilized in disease treatments, particular- ly for cancer. These complex treatment programs also expose patients to central nervous system (CNS) toxicities from chemotherapy, irradiation, infection, metabolic effects and immunosuppression. Methods: Relevant recent medical literature from Medline and bibliographies in perti- nent publications are reviewed with a focus on those cases and studies pertaining to neu- ropsychiatric effects of HSCT. Results: High rates of neuropsychiatric sequelae occur on a continuum from acute to chronic. Adverse outcomes include focal CNS deficits and severe global manifestations such as seizures, encephalopathy and delirium. More graduated effects on cognition, ener- gy and mood are frequently seen, impacting patient function. Conclusions: Additional research on neuropsychiatric outcomes and treatment interven- tions is needed in the HSCT setting. Risks for neuropsychiatric deficits should be part of an ongoing informed consent discussion among treating physicians, patients and families.
Power in Realist‐Constructivist Research

Samuel Barkin is correct: constructivism and realism do have more to say to each other than the IR literature might lead one to think. What is unclear, however, is the extent to which Barkin has compellingly outlined the parameters of such a conversation. In this Forum, both Jackson and Nexon and Jennifer Sterling-Folker object that he has not, each arguing, for different reasons, that Barkin has defined the terms of the conversation in a way that sells the potential of realist constructivism short. I agree—for yet different reasons. Specifically, if we take Barkin's rendition of realist constructivism at face value and then proceed to engage the research agenda it implies, we are not likely to glean any particularly novel insights about international politics. Indeed, Barkin's realist constructivism appears to offer exactly the same insights as the liberal-constructivist approach against which his realist constructivism is positioned. What we need is a realist-constructivist approach that emphasizes the forms and expressions of power entailed in social construction. This focus implies an innovative research agenda that not only can, but already has generated novel insights about international politics. Consider Barkin's realist constructivism. As he describes its logic, it is not a theory about how international politics works, but a method for studying international politics. This means realist constructivism should be understood as a set of practices, procedures, or guidelines for inquiry into the substantive problems of international relations. Outlining those research guidelines, Barkin (2003:337) argues that realist constructivism involves an analytic focus on the dialectic between ideals and power. In essence, it consists of a focus on how “power structures affect patterns of normative change in international relations” and “how a particular set of norms affects power structures.” As vague as this sounds, sympathetically inclined individuals will nevertheless accept that it has the …
Mechanism of Plutonium Transport in a Shallow Aquifer in Mortandad Canyon, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico

Potential environmental effects of radioactive isotopes are of great public concern. Fortunately most long-lived isotopes have strong affinities for solids and limited mobility under natural conditions. It recently has been proposed that some isotopes may form colloids that move with groundwater. The detection of plutonium in groundwater some 3400 m down Mortandad Canyon at the Los Alamos National Laboratory is cited widely as an example of such transport. The current work re-examines data from this canyon to evaluate the significance of such transport. 239Pu entering the canyon increased sharply in the early 1980s. Routine monitoring during this period shows that isotopically distinct plutonium appeared in one downgradient well before it appeared in wells closer to the source. If this is ignored, plutonium moved at least twice as fast as groundwater flow and easily outdistanced a tritium peak. Isotopically heavy plutonium arrived simultaneously in surface alluvium and groundwater, and the isotopic compos...
Outcomes of patients with acute myocardial infarction from a saphenous vein graft culprit undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Objectives: We sought to describe characteristics of patients presenting with an acute MI from a SVG culprit, compared with a native culprit. Background: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of saphenous vein grafts (SVG) results in worse outcomes than native vessel PCI, but outcomes of such patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) setting are not well-described. Methods: Patients presenting with ST-elevation or non-ST-elevation MI undergoing PCI from 2000 to 2010 were retrospectively analyzed to identify the culprit as a SVG vs. native vessel. Multiple linear regression was used to identify predictors of peak troponin-I level. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify predictors of 30-day mortality and 1-year major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Results: 192 patients underwent PCI for a SVG culprit, compared with 4,001 with a native culprit. After multivariable adjustment, SVG culprit remained significantly associated with lower levels of the logarithm of the peak troponin (β = −0.17, SE = 0.07, P = 0.02). The likelihood of MACE was higher in SVG vs. native culprits in patients with small to modest troponin elevations. Patients with a SVG culprit also suffered higher unadjusted rates of mortality at 30 days (14.3% vs. 8.4%, P = 0.03) and MACE at 1 year (36.8% vs. 24.5%, P = 0.005); a modest effect upon mortality and MACE remained after multivariable adjustment. Conclusion: Even minimal elevations of troponin in patients with a SVG culprit may portend a poorer prognosis than in patients with a native culprit. The risk of PCI in this setting is driven by mortality and arises from both substantial comorbidities and the SVG itself. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Mixed infections with Coxsackie and Lansing poliomyelitis viruses in mice.

SummaryThe following reciprocal effects have been observed in mice infected with viruses which do not possess the same degree of pathogenicity for the host. 1. The Ohio-R strain of C virus influenced significantly both the course and outcome of experimental Lansing poliomyelitis infections in 4-week-old white Swiss mice. 2. In the presence of the Lansing infection the virulence of the Ohio-R virus seemed to be enhanced for these otherwise insusceptible animals. 3. The Nancy strain of C virus had a noticeable effect on the pathogenesis of the Lansing infection in 4-week-old mice. The frequency with which the forelimbs became paralyzed first as compared with the first appearance of hindlimb paralysis was influenced by the presence of Nancy virus in the higher levels of the CNS. The presence of Nancy virus in the lumbar region of the spinal cord, following intraspinal inoculation, seemed to limit extension of the Lansing virus thus altering the normal progress of this experimental infection. 4. There was no ...
Convergence analysis of a finite element skull model of Herpestes javanicus (Carnivora, Mammalia): implications for robust comparative inferences of biomechanical function.

Abstract Predictions of skull biomechanical capability based on virtual models constitute a valuable data source for testing hypotheses about craniodental form and feeding behavior. Such comparative analyses also inform dietary reconstruction in extinct species. 3D modeling using Finite Element (FE) methods is a common technique applied to the comparative analysis of craniodental function in extinct and extant vertebrates. However, taxonomically diverse skull models in the literature often are not directly comparable to each other, in part because of distinctions in how boundary conditions are defined, but also because of substantial differences in the number of FEs composing the models. In this study, we test whether a conventional convergence test is adequate in identifying the minimum number of FEs needed to achieve internally stable results for a single species. We constructed a series of skull models of Herpestes javanicus, and simulated unilateral biting across the dentition; the models differed in the number of FEs, degrees of freedom at the joint and bite point constraints, and type of tetrahedral FEs used. We found that convergence patterns differed across constraint types, FE quantities, and bite position simulated. Four-noded tetrahedral (tet-4) FE models with relaxed constraints produced the most stable measurements compared to over-constrained tet-4 models and to relaxed tet-10 models. In absence of an optimal FE quantity from convergence testing, we propose a broadly applicable sub-sampling protocol, whereby average measurement values across multiple models per specimen are used for among-species comparisons. A regime of sampling three low FE quantity models produced the closest estimates of mean measurement values relative to larger model sets, being within the 95% bootstrap estimated confidence intervals. Future studies should focus on identifying sources of variation associated with other FE modeling protocols, so that they can be accounted for before biomechanical attributes from these simulations are used to infer form–function linkage.
Training generalized receptive prepositions in retarded children.

Three retarded children were trained, using prompting and reinforcement procedures, to respond correctly to three categories of prepositional requests: “put the___ next to the___”, “put the___under the___”, and “put the___on top of the___”. Training sessions were alternated with probe sessions throughout the study. During training, a child was trained to respond to one request (e.g., “put the doll next to the cup”); during probing, the child was tested for generalization of this training to untrained requests. Responses to untrained requests were never prompted nor reinforced. The results showed that, as requests from one category were trained, the children's responses to the untrained requests of that category became increasingly correct. As discriminations among two or more categories were trained, the children's responses to the untrained requests of those categories also became increasingly correct. Thus, the methods employed appear to be successful in training generalized receptive discrimination among prepositional categories and possibly can be utilized in training other generalized receptive language skills.
Interaction between functional health literacy, patient activation, and glycemic control

Background Functional health literacy (FHL) and patient activation can impact diabetes control through enhanced diabetes self-management. Less is known about the combined effect of these characteristics on diabetes outcomes. Using brief, validated measures, we examined the interaction between FHL and patient activation in predicting glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) control among a cohort of multimorbid diabetic patients.
Inositol polyphosphates and intracellular calcium release.

Abstract The hydrolysis of inositol lipids triggered by the occupation of cell surface receptors generates several intracellular messengers. Many different inositol phosphate isomers accumulate in stimulated cells. Of these d - myo -inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins 1,4,5-P 3 ) is responsible for discharging Ca 2+ from intracellular stores. Specific membrane binding sites for Ins 1,4,5-P 3 have been detected. The properties of these sites and their possible relationship to the calcium release process is reviewed. Ins 1,4,5-P 3 binding sites may be present in discrete subcellular structures (“calciosomes”). Kinetic and some electrophysiological evidence indicates that Ins 1,4,5-P 3 acts to open a Ca 2+ channel. Recent progress on the purification of the receptor from neuronal tissues is summarized. Phosphorylation of Ins 1,4,5-P 3 by a specific kinase results in the production of d - myo -inositol 1,3,4,5-tetraphosphate (Ins 1,3,4,5-P 4 ). This inositol phosphate has been reported to increase the entry of Ca 2+ across the plasma membrane, activate nonspecific ion channels in the plasma membrane, alter the Ca 2+ content of the Ins 1,4,5-P 3 -releasable store, and bind to and alter the activity of certain enzymes. These data and the possible biological significance of Ins 1,3,4,5-P 4 are discussed.
Bioluminescent reporter bacteria detect contaminants in soil samples

Reporter strains of bacteria were tested using soil samples from several sites near a leaking fuel oil storage facility. The reporter bacteria utilized the bioluminescentlux genes fromVibrio fischeri, which were transcriptionally fused to catabolic gene sequences. The catabolic genes of interest specified the degradation of toluene (from the TOL plasmid) and naphthalene (from the NAH7 plasmid and from a NAH plasmid recently isolated). The results indicated that two soil samples were contaminated with both toluene (or xylene) and naphthalene. These data were useful in describing the extent of contamination at the site.
A novel spatiotemporal RhoC activation pathway locally regulates cofilin activity at invadopodia.

Summary Background RhoGTPases have been implicated in the regulation of cancer metastasis. Invasive carcinoma cells form invadopodia, F-actin-rich matrix-degrading protrusions that are thought to be important for tumor cell invasion and intravasation. Regulation of actin dynamics at invadopodial protrusions is crucial to drive invasion. This process requires the severing activity of cofilin to generate actin-free barbed ends. Previous work demonstrates that cofilin's severing activity is tightly regulated through multiple mechanisms, including regulation of cofilin serine phosphorylation by Rho GTPases. However, it is not known which Rho GTPase is involved in regulating cofilin's phosphorylation status at invadopodia. Results We show here, for the first time, how RhoC activation is controlled at invadopodia and how this activation regulates cofilin phosphorylation to control cofilin's generation of actin-free barbed ends. Live-cell imaging of fluorescent RhoC biosensor reveals that RhoC activity is spatially confined to areas surrounding invadopodia. This spatiotemporal restriction of RhoC activity is controlled by "spatially distinct regulatory elements" that confine RhoC activation within this compartment. p190RhoGEF localizes around invadopodia to activate RhoC, whereas p190RhoGAP localizes inside invadopodia to deactivate the GTPase within the structure. RhoC activation enhances cofilin phosphorylation outside invadopodia. Conclusion These results show how RhoC activity is spatially regulated at invadopodia by p190RhoGEF and p190RhoGAP. RhoC activation in areas surrounding invadopodia restricts cofilin activity to within the invadopodium core, resulting in a focused invadopodial protrusion. This mechanism likely enhances tumor cell invasion during metastasis.
Circadian phase-dependent effect of nitric oxide on L-type voltage-gated calcium channels in avian cone photoreceptors

Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in phase-shifting of circadian neuronal activities in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and circadian behavior activity rhythms. In the retina, NO production is increased in a light-dependent manner. While endogenous circadian oscillators in retinal photoreceptors regulate their physiological states, it is not clear whether NO also participates in the circadian regulation of photoreceptors. In this study, we demonstrate that NO is involved in the circadian phase-dependent regulation of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (L-VGCCs). In chick cone photoreceptors, the L-VGCCα1 subunit expression and the maximal L-VGCC currents are higher at night, and both Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) and Ras-phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) are part of the circadian output pathways regulating L-VGCCs. The NO-cGMP-protein kinase G (PKG) pathway decreases L-VGCCα1 subunit expression and L-VGCC currents at night, but not during the day, and exogenous NO donor or cGMP decreases the phosphorylation of Erk and Akt at night. The protein expression of neural NO synthase (nNOS) is also under circadian control, with both nNOS and NO production being higher during the day. Taken together, NO/cGMP/PKG signaling is involved as part of the circadian output pathway to regulate L-VGCCs in cone photoreceptors. In cone photoreceptors, the protein expression of neural nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and NO production are under circadian control. NO-cGMP-protein kinase G (PKG) signaling serves in the circadian output pathway to regulate the circadian rhythms of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (L-VGCCs) in part through regulating the phosphorylation states of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (Erk) and protein kinase B (Akt).
Performance of Some Service-Oriented Architecture-Based Systems in the Airborne Network Environment

In August of 2006, live flight tests were conducted by MIT Lincoln Laboratory and its partners to investigate several airborne initiatives. One of the tests involved measuring the performance of three different SOA-based systems delivering track data in an airborne network. The goal of the experiment was to test and measure the performance of the three different SOA-based mechanisms and also to look at the strengths and weaknesses of each implementation in the airborne network environment in order to provide a concrete basis for future best practices.
Analysis of particle dynamics and heat transfer in detonation thermal spraying systems

A computational study of pulsed detonation thermal spraying is conducted using an axisymmetric two-dimensional transient gaseous detonation model. The variations of the particle velocity and temperature at impact on the target surface with the particle initial loading location are analyzed for different conditions. The geometry of the system and the loading locations of the particulate phase are key parameters in pulsed detonation thermal spraying. Since the process is extremely transient and the gas phase experiences a wide range of transient stages all on a timescale of a millisecond, the particle characteristics are strongly dependent on the instantaneous location in the gas stream. One cycle of detonation thermal spraying occurs on a time scale on the order of a millisecond due to the high gas velocities associated with detonation. Thus, a precise control of the process variable parameters is required to have a successful detonation coating process.
A rapid binding assay for immunoglobulins which may be used as an alternative to ammonium sulfate precipitation methods

This paper describes the conditions under which a short column packed with Sephadex G-25 may be eluted centrifugally to separate labeled ligands from binding immunoglobulins in a manner which can yield quantitative binding information. This method may be used as an alternative to the classical binding assay involving ammonium sulfate precipitation. The advantage is a large saving in total assay time over that procedure. The column assay is applicable to antisera and purified polyclonal and monoclonal immunoglobulins. The restrictions are that the labeled ligands must be of molecular weight less than ∼ 5000 Da.
Thermal and electrical conductance across copper joints below 100mK

Abstract We have measured the thermal conductance of copper and gold plated copper contact joints from 20mK to 100mK. We have measured the electrical conductance of the joints. For small area contacts the linear relationship of thermal conductivity with temperature was not followed, possibly due to strain near the contacts. We compared planar contact joints with tapered hole-cone joints of the type used in the Cornell microkelvin cryostat.
Meiosis: Step-by-step through sporulation

A transcription factor, Ndt80p, has been identified that has a critical role in the pathway that controls meiosis--sporulation--in budding yeast. Ndt80p coordinately controls genes that mediate spore formation and progression through the two meiotic divisions; it may also be a target of a checkpoint control.
Average sampling and space-frequency localized frames on bounded domains

The primary goal of the paper is to develop average sampling on bounded domains in Euclidean spaces. As an application of this development we construct bandlimited and localized frames on domains and describe a scale of Besov spaces in terms of frame coefficients.
Studies on intercellular LETS glycoprotein matrices

Intercellular matrices secreted by chick embryo fibroblasts in culture were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Cell-cell contact is a prerequisite for the expression of such matrices. The smallest fiber detected by transmission electron microscopy is 5--10 nm in diameter. These matrix fibers tend to cluster to form bundles. Immunofluorescence and immunoferritin procedures reveal that LETS protein is one of the components of the matrices. The matrices are isolated from other cellular organelles by detergent treatment. More than 90% of the proteins in cell-free matrices are LETS protein, suggesting that the matrices are probably made of only one component--LETS protein. Since the solubilization of matrices requires beta-mercaptoethanol, LETS protein matrices may be the first known polymer system in nature to use disulfide linkage as an intermolecular polymerization vehicle. Collagen does not appear to be involved in such matrices. The LETS protein matrix supports the morphological conversion of rounded cells into spindle-shaped, and also promotes myoblast fusion. It does not, however, exert an effect upon cell growth, the rate of glucose uptake or protease production.
Alcohol Use, Myocardial Infarction, Sudden Cardiac Death, and Hypertension

Studying coronary risk factors, this article concludes that: regular use of alcohol may protect against major coronary events; regular use of three or more drinks daily is a probable risk factor for hypertension; the relations of alcohol use to coronary disease, hypertension, and cardiomyopathy are disparate.
A conceptual model for understanding the process of self-leadership development and action-steps to promote personal leadership development

Purpose – The goal of the leadership development process is to enable the individual to learn how to become a self-leader and for any organization to develop leaders. Self-leadership represents an individual's ability to exercise control (self-efficacy) over his or her choice of situations in which to participate in and to provide intrinsic rewards that are usually associated with achieving goals. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This study presents and describes a conceptual model that will help us to understand the critical dimensions (e.g. self-esteem) associated with self-leadership and the interrelatedness of these dimensions. Findings – The conceptual model that the author describes in this paper provides a comprehensive overview of self-leadership that extends Neck and Manz's (2010) conceptual model. It does so by identifying all the critical super ordinate mediators referred to by Deci et al. (1981) as internal states (referred to in this study as “dimensions”)...