cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of the Label "Hyperactive.".

The potential effect of the label “hyperactive” was evaluated in a survey of pediatricians and school psychologists. While all professionals were presented with a questionnaire depicting a child displaying hyperactive behaviors, only half received a case description that actually included the label “hyperactive.” All professionals indicated the extent to which they recommended various assessment and treatment methods for the case described. Recommending assessment methods was not affected by the label hyperactive, and recommending psychostimulant medication was the only treatment method influenced by the label. The effect of labels appears to be minimal when overt behaviors, cognitive signs, and academic deficiencies of the child being assessed and treated are very explicit.
Some respiratory characteristics of the blood of four Antarctic fishes

Oxygen equilibrium curves of blood form four antarctic fishes were obtained at subzero temperatures. Oxygen contents were measured directly and the results on two of these fishes agreed favorably with previous studies in which oxygen electrodes were used.
Evaluating scheduling policies for fine-grain communication protocols on a cluster of SMPs

Distributed-memory parallel computers and networks of workstations (NOWs) both rely on efficient communication over increasingly high-speed networks. Software communication protocols are often the performance bottleneck. Several current and proposed parallel systems address this problem by dedicating one general-purpose processor in a symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) node specifically for protocol processing. This protocol processing convention reduces communication latency and increases effective bandwidth, but also reduces the peak performance since the dedicated processor no longer performs computation. In this paper, we study a parallel machine with SMP nodes and compare two protocol processing policies: the Fixed policy, which uses a dedicated protocol processor; and the Floating policy, where all processors perform both computation and protocol processing. The results from synthetic microbenchmarks and five macrobenchmarks show that: (i) a dedicated protocol processor benefits light-weight protocols much more than heavy-weight protocols, (ii) a dedicated protocol processor is generally advantageous when there are four or more processors per node, (iii) multiprocessor node performance is not as sensitive to interrupt overhead as uniprocessor node because a message arrival is likely to find an idle processor on a multiprocessor node, thereby eliminating interrupts, (iv) the system with the lowest cost-performance will include a dedicated protocol processor when interrupt overheads are much higher than protocol weight-as in light-weight protocols.
Fragrance material review on l-menthol

A toxicologic and dermatologic review of l-menthol when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
A drug interactions elective course.

Objectives. To evaluate the impact of a drug interactions elective course on student knowledge and skills. Design. A drug interactions elective which focused on assessment and application of drug interaction information and identification and management of commonly encountered drug interactions by therapeutic category was offered to third-year PharmD students. Students were expected to (1) determine whether a given interaction was clinically significant or required pharmacist intervention, and (2) make rational, scientifically sound, practical recommendations for management of drug interactions. Evaluation and Assessment. Assessment included course evaluations, student self-assessments, and knowledge and skills assessments. Students who completed the course were more confident in their abilities relating to drug interactions than students who did not complete the course. Students who completed the course scored significantly better in all areas of the assessment compared to students who did not complete t...
Sequence-Defined Oligothioetheramides

The importance of sequence-defined polymers is evident in highly developed biological systems. As such, their synthetic de novo production with similar macromolecular diversity, efficiency, and speed has been the focus of considerable research. In this brief review, the rationale behind the new synthesis of sequence-defined oligothioetheramides (oligoTEAs) will be placed in context with the accepted methods of peptide and peptoid synthesis, where all methods notably utilize chemical orthogonality in their design. Along with the conceptual design, we will discuss the assembly of oligoTEAs by highlighting the solution-phase kinetics of each orthogonal reaction, the liquid-phase fluorous purification methodology, a proof-of-principle synthesis, and the assembly of a full-length oligomer. Overall, the success of oligoTEAs stems from the rapid orthogonal chemical reactions at each end of the unique N-allyl-N-acrylamide monomer. OligoTEAs seek to contribute and advance the field of sequence-defined polymers by providing additional structural diversity to fundamentally study sequence-structure-function relationships for both material science and biological applications. 1 Introduction 2 Supported Synthesis via Orthogonal Chemistries 3 Conceptual Design of OligoTEA Assembly 4 Proof-of-Principle 5 Synthesis and Characterization of OligoTEAs 6 Conclusion
Cryobiochemical analysis of tissue

Abstract The need for developing biochemical analysis of tissue at low temperatures is discussed in its bearing on physiology and on possibly improved fractionation. This work constitutes a beginning in such a development. A number of analytical procedures together with innovations in apparatus have been used between −78° and −35°C, the temperature interval used in the present effort to isolate, purify, and characterize a substance extracted from brain tissue at −78° that is unstable in solution at ordinary temperatures. All extractions with various solvents were made at −78°C from tissue that had reached a temperature no higher than −78°C after the heads of rats or mice had been dropped into liquid nitrogen. Continuous extraction of tissue proceeded at −78°C while the extracting solvent was refluxing at −50°C. Fractionation methods are now comparable in quality at −78°C and −42°C with these processes under the usual conditions. At −78°C column chromatography was manual; at −42°C it was automated. Centrifugation has been used at −35° and filtration is routine at −78°. No serious difficulty is anticipated in refining present procedures or in extending them to still lower temperatures at which information of significance to physiology may become available.
A source sensitivity approach for source localization in steady-state linear systems

Localizing sources in physical systems represents a class of inverse problems with broad scientific and engineering applications. This paper is concerned with the development of a non-iterative source sensitivity approach for the localization of sources in linear systems under steady-state. We show that our proposed approach can be applied to a broad class of physical problems, ranging from source localization in elastodynamics and acoustics to source detection in heat/mass transport problems. The source sensitivity field introduced in this paper represents the change of a cost functional caused by the appearance of an infinitesimal (or point) source in a given domain (or its boundary). In order to extract macroscopic inferences, we apply a threshold to the source sensitivity field in a way that parallels the application of the topological derivative concept in shape identification. We establish precise formulas for the source sensitivity field using a direct approach and a Lagrangian formulation. We show that computing the source sensitivity field entails just obtaining the solution of a single adjoint problem. Hence, the computational expense of obtaining the source sensitivity is of the same order as that of solving one forward problem. We illustrate the performance of the method through numerical examples drawn from the areas of elastodynamics, acoustics, and heat/mass transport. Our results show that our proposed approach could be used on its own as a source detection tool or to obtain initial guesses for more quantitative iterative gradient-based minimization strategies.
Structure and replication of caulimovirus genomes.

SUMMARY In this paper the current state of knowledge of the replication of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) is reviewed and the DNA intermediates and enzymes involved in replication are discussed. Based on this information a model for the replication complex is developed. In this model it is suggested that replication complexes resemble virus particles and that, in their assembly, there are close interactions between the inclusion body protein, the virus coat protein, the replicase enzyme, the tRNA primer and the 35S RNA template. The similarities between CaMV replication complexes and those of retroviruses are discussed, and we extend this discussion to a comparison between CaMV and reverse transcribing elements.
CARBON DIOXIDE AND ORGANIC ACIDS IN RELATION TO THE GROWTH OF RICE

Abstract As a consequence of the reduced race of gas exchange with the atmosphere and the lower oxygen supply to microorganisms, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and the concentration of organic acids increase with the decomposition of organic substances much more in submerged than in upland soils (1, 2).
On the war of attrition and other games among kin.

Evolutionarily stable strategies or ESSs of games among kin have been calculated in the literature by both “personal-fitness” and “inclusive-fitness” methods. These methods were compared by Hines and Maynard Smith (1979) for games with bilinear payoffs. Although Hines and Maynard Smith regarded the first method as correct, they regarded the second method as useful because the inclusive-fitness conditions for an ESS gave necessary conditions for a personal-fitness ESS in the class of games they considered. In general, however, satisfying the inclusive-fitness conditions is neither necessary nor sufficient for satisfying the personal-fitness conditions, although the two methods may often yield identical ESSs. This result is established by reformulating the classic war-of-attrition model to allow variation in energy reserves, assumed to have a Gamma distribution. For this game, the two methods may disagree for intermediate values of relatedness. By the correct method, if the coefficient of variation in energy reserves is sufficiently high, then the game has a unique ESS in pure strategies at which populations with higher coefficients of variation or relatedness display for shorter times. Unrelated contestants are prepared to expend at least half of their reserves. For populations with lower variation coefficients, the ESS exists only if the cost of displaying per unit time is low compared to the rate at which remaining reserves translate into expected future reproductive success for the victor. The critical variation coefficient, below which the ESS exists regardless of cost, decreases from 0.52 to 0 as the coefficient of relatedness increases from 0 to 1. Although there is no assessment, contests are always won by the animal with greater energy reserves in a population at the ESS.
Pathophysiology of Acute Ischemic Stroke: New Concepts in Cerebral Embolism

Cerebral embolism was once thought to be the etiology of only a small percentage of ischemic strokes. In earlier classification schemes stroke was generally referred to as (1) ‘embolic’ (definite only
Evidence for anion channels in secretory vesicles.

Abstract Secretory vesicles from bovine neurohypophysis were reconstituted into lipid bilayers. Electrical measurements on the lipid bilayers under voltage clamp demonstrated the presence of channels that are permeable to chloride ions, are blocked by 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate, and are slightly voltage dependent. When several different membrane fractions were used for the reconstitution, the probability of finding channels correlated with the fraction of secretory vesicle membrane in the membrane fraction, indicating that the secretory vesicles are the source of the channels. The observed anion channel can provide a pathway for the anion transport that has previously been described for secretory vesicles. The secretory vesicle anion channel may play a role in calcium-induced secretion.
A note on matrix inversion

Abstract We generalize a recent result of Thompson on inverses of block matrices over principal ideal domains to isomorphisms of direct sums of modules over an arbitrary ring.
Gender differences in risk behaviors among high school youth.

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) demonstrates that American youth engage in a wide variety of risky behaviors.(1) The frequency and type of these behaviors often differ by a number of factors, such as socioeconomic status, race, and ethnicity. For example, results of the 2011 YRBSS revealed that white high school students were most likely to have texted or e-mailed while driving or been bullied on school property, while black high school students were most likely to have engaged in risky sexual behaviors, to have been physically inactive, and to be obese.(1) Conversely, Hispanic high school students were most likely to have ridden with a driver who had been drinking alcohol; to have ever used cocaine, inhalants, or ecstasy; and to have failed to use protection to prevent pregnancy during last sexual intercourse.(1) However, it is difficult to discern whether differences in risk-taking behaviors between and among ethnic groups can actually be attributed to differences in group norms, socioeconomic status, or cultural beliefs regarding acceptance or rejection of such behaviors,(1) suggesting a need for more comprehensive regional investigations. Language: en
Marital Interaction in Dyadic and Triadic Contexts: Continuities and Discontinuities

While the systemic metaphor used in much current family research requires examination of the interrelationships among individuals, relationships, and the family as a whole, work on triadic relationships has generally been missing. This research examined the presence of second-order effects in marital interaction: changes in interactions between spouses when the husband-wife dyad became a parent-parent-child triad. Results indicated the presence of consistent context effects. Parental behavior when alone was not a good predictor of parental behavior in the presence of a child: behaviors occurred at significantly lower levels in parental dyads than in parent-parent-child triads, and correlations across the two contexts were less than consistent. Results are discussed in light of their implications for observations of families.
Paradoxically high adiponectin in obese 16-year-old girls protects against appearance of the metabolic syndrome and its components seven years later.

Objective To evaluate the relationships of adiponectin levels at age 16 years in obese schoolgirls to metabolic syndrome and its components at age 23 years. Study design Seven-year prospective study of 381 females. Results In 144 white and 129 black non-obese 16-year old girls (body mass index 2 ), race-specific median adiponectin levels (white 12 mg/L, black 11) was used to identify paradoxically high adiponectin levels in obese girls. Of 34 white and 74 black obese girls, 12 (35%) and 19 (26%) had paradoxically high adiponectin levels. In these 108 obese girls, adiponectin levels at age 16 years independently predicted high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (positive) and waist (negative), insulin (negative), and glucose (negative) at age 23 years; paradoxically high adiponectin levels at age 16 years was a negative independent predictor for waist, homeostatic model assessment–insulin resistance, and for the number of abnormal components of the metabolic syndrome at age 23 years. In 31 pairs of obese girls with and without paradoxically high adiponectin levels, matched by race and age 16 body mass index, adiponectin levels at age 16 years was a negative predictor for the number of abnormal metabolic syndrome components at age 23 years. Conclusion Paradoxically high adiponectin levels in obese 16 year old girls protects against metabolic syndrome and its components at age 23 years.
Ultrastructural topography of a trematode eggshell

Abstract Scanning electron micrographs show that the eggshell of the digenetic trematode, Cryptocotyle lingua , is a concavo-convex ellipsoid with a longitudinal ridge-like demarcation extending along the convex, but not the concave surface. Numerous apical villosities contribute to an undulating appearance of the shell surface. Transmission electron microscopy reveals a fuzzy coat on the shell surface. Cytoplasmic flaps protruding from the parasite's uterus appear to intertwine with the shell surface villosities.
Estradiol replacement modifies c-fos expression at the spinomedullary junction evoked by temporomandibular joint stimulation in ovariectomized female rats

The influence of estradiol (E2) treatment on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) nociceptive processing in the caudal trigeminal sensory brain stem complex was assessed in ovariectomized female rats by quantitative Fos-immunoreactivity (Fos-LI). After 2 days of daily injections of high (HE2) or low (LE2) dose E2 rats were anesthetized and the small fiber excitant, mustard oil (MO, 0-20%), was injected into the TMJ and after 2 h brains were processed for Fos-LI. TMJ-evoked Fos-LI in laminae I-II at the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis/upper cervical cord (Vc/C1-2) junction and the dorsal paratrigeminal region (dPa5) was significantly greater in HE2 than LE2 rats, while Fos-LI produced at the ventral trigeminal interpolaris/caudalis transition region (Vi/Vc(vl)) was similar. E2 treatment also modified the influence of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and AMPA receptor antagonists on TMJ-evoked Fos-LI. The NMDA antagonist, MK-801, dose-dependently reduced the Fos-LI response at the Vc/C1-2 junction in HE2 rats, while only high dose MK-801 was effective in LE2 rats. MK801 reduced equally the Fos-LI response at the Vi/Vc transition in both groups, while only minor effects were seen at the dPa5 region. The AMPA receptor antagonist, NBQX, reduced Fos-LI at the Vc/C(1-2) and Vi/Vc(vl) regions in HE2 rats, while only high dose NBQX was effective in LE2 rats. NBQX did not reduce Fos-LI at the dPa5 region in either group. These results suggest that estrogen status plays a significant role in TMJ nociceptive processing at the Vc/C1-2 junction mediated, in part, through ionotropic glutamate receptor-dependent mechanisms.
Input—output properties of multiple-input, multiple-output discrete systems: part I☆

Nonlinear time varying discrete feedback systems input-output properties, deriving stability criteria by generalized small gain and passivity theorems
Determinants of walking function after stroke: differences by deficit severity.

Abstract Patterson SL, Forrester LW, Rodgers MM, Ryan AS, Ivey FM, Sorkin JD, Macko RF. Determinants of walking function after stroke: differences by deficit severity. Objectives To investigate the relationship of cardiovascular fitness (Vo 2 peak), neurologic deficits in balance and leg strength, and body composition to ambulatory function after stroke and to determine whether these relationships differ between those with milder versus more severe gait deficits. Design Cross-sectional correlation study. Setting Outpatient clinic of an academic medical center. Participants Seventy-four people (43 men, 31 women; mean age ± standard deviation, 64±10y) with chronic hemiparetic stroke. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Thirty-foot (9.1-m) walk velocity, 6-minute walk distance, Vo 2 peak, Berg Balance Scale score, bilateral quadriceps eccentric torque, total and regional lean mass, and percentage of fat mass. Results Short-distance walking correlated significantly with cardiovascular fitness, balance, paretic leg strength, nonparetic leg strength, percentage of body fat, and paretic lean mass but not with nonparetic lean mass. Long-distance walking correlated significantly with cardiovascular fitness, balance, paretic leg strength, nonparetic leg strength, and paretic lean mass but not with percentage of body fat or nonparetic lean mass. Stepwise regression showed that cardiovascular fitness, balance, and paretic leg strength were independently associated with long-distance walking ( r 2 =.60, P r 2 =.42, P .48m/s) for short distances ( r 2 =.26, P =.003). Conclusions Short-distance walking after stroke is related to balance, cardiovascular fitness, and paretic leg strength. Long-distance walking ability differs by gait deficit severity, with balance more important in those who walk more slowly and cardiovascular fitness playing a greater role in those who walk more quickly. Improved understanding of the factors that predict ambulatory function may assist the design of individualized rehabilitation strategies across the spectrum of gait deficit severity in those with hemiparetic stroke.
Semantic Differential Scales for Newspaper Research

Using a collection of adjectives actually applied to newspapers by their readers, along with word-pairs from earlier research, the author devised a special set of scales for measuring reader attitudes. Responses were highly correlated with scores on the “Stanford Test,” but different factors emerged.
Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography reliably predict severe pulmonary regurgitation as quantified by cardiac magnetic resonance.

Background The grading of pulmonary regurgitation (PR) severity by two-dimensional (2D) and Doppler echocardiography is not standardized. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging is the clinical gold standard for PR quantification. The purpose of this study was to determine the best 2D and Doppler echocardiographic predictors of severe PR. Methods Thirty-six patients with tetralogy of Fallot or pulmonary valve stenosis with prior pulmonary valvuloplasty or transannular or subannular patch repair underwent 2D and Doppler echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic measurements used to predict severe PR included diastolic flow reversal in the main or branch pulmonary arteries, PR jet width ≥ 50% of the pulmonary annulus, PR pressure half-time Results With the exception of PR index, all indices were significant independent predictors of severe PR. The best univariate predictor of severe PR was branch pulmonary artery diastolic flow reversal. Conclusion Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography reliably identified severe PR in this cohort.
Lack of supportive evidence for an autosomal recessive inheritance in chronic hepatitis B infections.

Two families with persistent hepatitis B infections are described. The patterns of HBsAg positivity in the parents and offspring are not compatible with the theory that susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B infection is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.
“Zone of avoidance”: RR interval distribution in tachograms, histograms, and Poincaré plots of a Boxer dog

The RR intervals of sinus and ventricular beats were determined by analysis of a 24-h ambulatory electrocardiogram in a Boxer before and after treatment with sotalol. These RR intervals were plotted using tachograms, histograms, and Poincare plots. The tachogram demonstrated a 'band' wherein a range of RR intervals was infrequent, the histogram did not take the form of a single Gaussian distribution of RR intervals, and the Poincare plot showed nonhomogeneous beat-to-beat variability. This type of patterning was described as a "zone of avoidance" potentially caused by the clustering of beats within specific ranges. Treatment with sotalol enhanced the "zone of avoidance". Further investigation is needed to understand the mechanism for this observation as well as any clinical implications.
Implementation of extended functional programming language on cellular tree and data flow architecture

Extended functional programming language (EFP) is an extended version of FP[BJ78] which can simply manipulate the operations on syntactically represented data structures[SR87]. In EFP a complex operation such as insertion of node in a binary tree will be expressed in a set of parallel operations which are much simpler. Both CTA (cellular tree architecture) [MG80] and DFA (Data Flow Architecture) [RM83] can be used to implement the operations on data structures(in particular) in parallel. CTA which has a full binary tree structure contains an array of independent cells which are the leaves of the tree. Each cell will be involved with only one symbol of the syntactically represented data structure. Since these cells are independent, they can perform the operations on these symbols in parallel. So in CTA, we get parallelism within the operations as well as between the operations.For DFA, each complex operation will be converted to a sequence of primitive operations which may be performed in parallel. This sequence of operations will be represented by a basic block of instructions[RM83]. All the instructions with the number of dependencies equal to zero can be performed in parallel(if there are enough processors). Each instruction represents a primitive operation. Only one processor is involved with the execution of each instruction. So there is no parallelism within the operation but only between the operations.In [SR87] these two computer architectures have been briefly described and by giving some examples, it has been shown how a specific function can be implemented on these computer architectures. At the end, these two computer architectures have been compared and contrasted by discussing some advantages and disadvantages of each method.
Numerical modeling of circulation in high-energy estuaries: A Columbia River estuary benchmark

Abstract Numerical modeling of three-dimensional estuarine circulation is often challenging due to complex flow features and strong density gradients. In this paper the skill of a specific model is assessed against a high-resolution data set, obtained in a river-dominated mesotidal estuary with autonomous underwater vehicles and a shipborne winched profiler. The measurements provide a detailed view of the salt wedge dynamics of the Columbia River estuary. Model skill is examined under contrasting forcing conditions, covering spring freshet and autumn low flow conditions, as well as spring and neap tides. The data set provides a rigorous benchmark for numerical circulation models. This benchmark is used herein to evaluate an unstructured grid circulation model, based on linear finite element and finite volume formulations. Advection of momentum is treated with an Eulerian–Lagrangian scheme. After the model’s sensitivity to grid resolution and time step is examined, a detailed skill assessment is provided for the best model configuration. The simulations reproduce the timing and tidal asymmetry of salinity intrusion. Sharp density gradients, however, tend to be smoothed out affecting vertical mixing and gravitational circulation. We show that gravitational salt transport is underestimated in the model, but is partially compensated through tidal effects. The discrepancy becomes most pronounced when the stratification is strongest, i.e., under high river discharge and neap tide conditions.
RESPONSE TO CRITIQUES OF ETHICS IN AN AGE OF TECHNOLOGY

. Both Roger Shinn and Robert Stivers ask whether technology has a momentum of its own that is difficult if not impossible to control (“autonomous technology” or “technological inevitability”). I reply that the difficulty in controlling technology is a product of economic and political institutions (such as corporate lobbying and campaign contributions) rather than of any inherent characteristics of technology. Against Stivers's assertion that the ecosystem should be the center of value in environmental ethics, I defend the process view that all beings are valuable, but they are not equally valuable in their richness of experience or their contribution to the experience of others. I also consider his caveats about ambiguities in the concept of sustainability. Two questions raised by Mary Gerhart are taken up: the difficulties of interdisciplinary writing and the role of theological ethics in discussions of public policy. In dialogue with Frederick Ferre I explore the role of alternative visions of the good life as a source of social change. In the face of diminished concern about social justice and environmental sustainability among citizens and in Congress since the book was written, I express long-range hope, but not optimism about the short-term prospects for change.
Hemispheric specialization in reading and word recognition.

Abstract Three experiments dealing with hemispheric specialization are presented. In Experiment 1, words and/or faces were presented tachistoscopically to the left or right of fixation. Words were more accurately identified in the right visual field and faces were more accurately identified in the left visual field. A forced choice error analysis for words indicated that errors made for word stimuli were most frequently visually similar words and this effect was particularly pronounced in the left visual field. Two additional experiments supported this finding. On the basis of the results, it was argued that word identification is a multistage process, with visual feature analysis carried out by the right hemisphere and identification and naming by the left hemisphere. In addition, Kinsbourne's attentional model of brain function was rejected in favor of an anatomical model which suggests that simultaneous processing of verbal and nonverbal information does not constrict the attention of either hemisphere.
Perspectives on Accreditation and Information Literacy as Reflected in the Literature of Library and Information Science

Regional accreditation organizations increasingly include student learning outcomes for information literacy in their standards and other documents, often emphasizing the importance of collaboration between librarians and faculty. Through content analysis of published articles and listserv postings, this study analyzes how librarians acknowledge such accreditation organizations in the context of information literacy.
Nitrite Uptake by Nitrogen‐Depleted Wheat Seedlings

Intact, 14-day-old nitrogen-depleted wheat (Triticum vulgare cv. Blueboy) seedlings were exposed to solutions of 0.5 mM KNO2, 0.05 mM CaSO4 and 1 mM sodium 2-[N-morpholino]-ethanesulfonate, pH 6.1. Nitrite uptake was determined from depletion of the ambient solution or from incorporation of 15N in the tissue. An initial nitrite uptake shoulder was followed by a relatively slow uptake rate which subsequently increased to a substantially greater rate. This accelerated phase was maintained through 24 h. Nitrite accumulated to a slight extent in the root tissues during the first few hours but declined to low values when the accelerated rate was fully developed, indicating an increase in nitrite reductase activity paralleling the increase in nitrite uptake capacity. About 50% of the nitrogen absorbed as nitrite was translocated to the shoots by 9–12 h. Development of the accelerated nitrite uptake rate was restricted in excised roots, in intact plants kept in darkness, by 400 μg puromycin ml−1 and by 1 mM L-ethionine. When puromycin and L-ethionine were added after the accelerated phase had been initiated, their effects were not as detrimental as when they were added at first exposure to KNO2. The two inhibitors restricted translocation more than uptake. The data indicate an involvement of protein synthesis and a requirement for movement of a substance from shoots to roots for maximal development of the accelerated nitrite uptake phase. A requirement for protein synthesis in the transport of soluble organic nitrogen from roots to shoots is also suggested.
Sediment provenance within subduction complexes—An example from the Aleutian forearc

Abstract The ultimate composition of any sandstone is affected by a host of primary and secondary factors, including the lithologies present in source terranes, climate, depositional environment and diagenesis. In the case of a subduction complex, however, unequivocal identification of detrital provenance may be impossible because of the cumulative effects of tectonic and sedimentary transport. Long-distance sedimentary transport (> 1000 km) is common within trenches, and abyssal-plain turbidites can be tectonically transported for long distances as the underlying oceanic basement drifts towards a subduction front. Post-accretionary displacement can occur as a consequence of strike-slip faulting, and the total distance of tectonic dislocation may reach several thousand kilometers. The present-day Aleutian forearc region (North Pacific Ocean) illustrates many of the “problems” which typify subduction zones. Several petrologic suites can be identified, and there are significant variations in detrital modes in both time and space. The Aleutian region serves as a sobering modern analog for accreted rock units such as the Franciscan Complex of California, where intercalations of discrete sandstone suites have been noted. In the absence of paleomagnetic control, interpretations of sediment provenance within ancient subduction complexes probably should be restricted to the generic level.
Enacting Remembrance: Turning Toward Memorializing September 11th

The memorial at the site of the former World Trade Center will open on the tenth anniversary of 9/11 to help us commemorate, honor, educate, and mourn. Memorializing is an act that involves shared memory and collective grieving—aiming also to restore severed communal bonds and dismantled cultural ideals. As such, it is a form of cultural renewal that can transform traumatized mourners into an ethical community of memory. The active rituals of memorial activity utilize both inscribed and non-inscribed practices to help survivors of mass trauma manage fear, disorganization, and helplessness as well as sorrow. To bear witness to horrific events and the suffering they induced is a moral act. To do so together with people who may have seen the events of 9/11 from other perspectives, while also remembering one’s own vision of what mattered, may mean learning to tolerate multiple conflicting narratives about the events’ meanings. It is time to turn our attention from the memorial to memorializing.
Qualitative analysis of omega-3 fatty acid oxidation by desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (DESI-MS)

Abstract The oxidation of omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), was studied by MS and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) using a custom-designed DESI source, which was coupled to an ion trap (IT)-mass spectrometer. DESI-MS showed that oxidation due to aging occurred most readily by peroxidations and keto formations of the omega-3 fatty acids, which are the expected oxidation pathways for these molecules. The oxidized products detected were compared between DESI-MS and ESI-MS after a three-week period of sample aging at the room temperature and ambient conditions. The mass spectra of the omega-3 fatty acids obtained by these two techniques in negative ion mode were similar, while oxidation of omega-3 fatty acids was observable with DESI-MS in positive ion mode only after prolonged aging of the samples. The peroxidation products of fatty acids, similar to those observed by DESI and ESI-MS, were also detected by MALDI-MS. Additionally, a commercial dog kibble was analyzed by DESI-MS. DHA, EPA, and some possible oxidation products were identified from the surface of this food sample using DESI-MS and MS/MS. The results demonstrate that DESI-MS can be used efficiently in negative ion mode to monitor oxidation of fatty acids due to their aging both in pure forms and on the surfaces of solid food samples.
The effect of molluscan glue proteins on gel mechanics

Several molluscs have been shown to alternate between a non-adhesive trail mucus and a similar gel that forms a strong glue. The major structural difference between the two secretions is the presence of specific proteins in the adhesive mucus. The present study identifies similar proteins from the glue of the slug Arion subfuscus and the land snail Helix aspersa. To investigate the role played by these proteins in adhesion, the proteins were isolated from the adhesive mucus of different molluscs and added to commercial polymer solutions. The effect was observed qualitatively, and quantified using a dynamic rheometer. The isolated proteins triggered gelling or visible stiffening of agar, pectin and polygalacturonic acid. The effect was stronger on more negatively charged polymers. The effect of the proteins was concentration dependent with an optimal concentration of 1-1.5 mg ml(-1), and was weakened when their structure changed. Other proteins and carbohydrates found in the adhesive mucus had no clear mechanical effect on gels. These findings show that the addition of these proteins to large, anionic polymers plays a central role in the formation of a glue from a mucus-like secretion. Such a mechanism may be common among invertebrates, and it may guide biomimetic approaches in the development of glues and gels.
EFFECTS OF SERIAL LEARNING ON RECOGNITION THRESHOLDS

Different groups of Ss were given various amounts of practice on a serial list of nonsense syllables. The usual bow-shaped curve of correct anticipations as a function of serial position was obtained. The syllables were then exposed in a tachistoscope and their recognition thresholds were determined by the method of constant stimuli. Analysis of variance of the probabilities of correct recognition as a function of frequency, serial position, and stimulus duration indicated stimulus duration was the only significant determiner of the probabilities. The usual threshold-frequency relationship was not observed.
Macrotyloma axillare and M. uniflorum: descriptor analysis, anthocyanin indexes, and potential uses

The purpose of this study was to characterize and identify potential new uses for perennial horsegram (Macrotyloma axillare) and horsegram (M. uniflorum) germplasm in the USDA, ARS collection. Seven morphological and yield parameters were studied in 11 M. axillare and 32 M. uniflorum accessions. A wide variation was found in stem branching, foliage, plant height, seed number, and seed weight. Leaf anthocyanin indexes were significantly higher than control flowers from PI 345729. Phytochemical traits exist in both species for potential use as nutraceuticals, forage, and food for humans.
Nucleotide Modification, A Radical Mechanism of Oxidative Toxicity

Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) reacts rapidly with hypochlorite to form five major products separable by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The involvement of a free radical mechanism is indicated by an electron spin resonance (ESR) signal as well as unusual pH changes and the uptake of oxygen. The present work suggests that hypochlorite may contribute to the cytotoxic activity of phagocytic cells through its ability to modify important cellular components by means of radicals generated by its reaction with reduced pyridine nucleotides.
Height, BMI, and pituitary volume in individuals with and without isolated cleft lip and/or palate

Height, BMI, and pituitary volume in individuals with and without isolated cleft lip and/or palate
Comparison of Warpage, Cross‐Bend, Torsion, and Expansiometer Ring Tests on Titania Enamels

The fit of titania enamels as determined by warpage and the expansiometer ring tests is compared to torsion and cross-bend failures. Tests were selected on the basis of normal use and acceptance by the industry. Titania enamels used for the tests cover a wide range of warpage values from low to high compression in the enamel. The major part of the work was conducted with the normal system of ground coat and cover coat. However, some comparative results are given for enamels applied directly on a titanium-bearing steel. The data obtained are shown graphically. It was found that warpage values and expansiometer ring values vary directly with the weight of application, and expansiometer ring values and warpage values are proportional. Cross-bend values vary inversely with weight of application, and higher warpage enamels have higher cross-bend values. Cross-bend values are lower when enamel is applied directly than when the cover coat-ground coat system is used; they are not affected by adherence variations. Torsion values in either system vary inversely with thickness. Torsion values do not vary according to warpage, ring value, or cross bend.
Focused apparent image position with convergent, parallel binocular and monocular microscopes

SUMMARY The distance from the observer's eye at which the image appears to be focused was measured with monocular, convergent and parallel eyepiece bodies, interchangeable on a Spencer microscope, with a camera lucida prism and a calibrated optometer. Five optometric tests for binocular vision and one for stereopsis made on thirty-four observers revealed no significant correlation with the positions of the images. The apparent image position from the eye using the parallel binocular eyepieces averaged 671 mm, with the convergent eyepiece body at 587 mm, and 469 mm with monocular observation. The relations of these image positions with possible rest equilibrium positions of the accommodative mechanism of the eye and optical design of binocular instruments are discussed.
Hebb's Accomplishments Misunderstood

Amit's efforts to provide stronger theoretical and empirical support for Hebb's cell-assembly concept is admirable, but we have serious reservations about the perspective presented in the target article. For Hebb, the cell assembly was a building block; by contrast, the framework proposed here eschews the need to fit the assembly into a broader picture of its function.
User-level interprocess communication for shared memory multiprocessors

Interprocess communication (IPC), in particular IPC oriented towards local cornmzmzcation (between address spaces on the same machine), has become central to the design of contemporary operating systems. IPC has traditionally been the responsibility of the kernel, but kernel-based IPC has two inherent problems First, its performance is architecturally limited by the cost of invoking the kernel and reallocating a processor from one address space to another. Second, applications that need inexpensive threads and must provide their own thread management encounter functional and performance problems stemming from the interaction between kernellevel communication and user-level thread management. On a shared memory multiprocessor, these problems can be solved by moving the communication facilities out of the kernel and supporting them at the user level within each address space. Communication performance is improved since kernel invocation and processor reallocation can be avoided when communicating between address spaces on the same machine. These observations motivated User-Level Remote Procedure Call (URPC) URPC combines a fast cross-address space communication protocol using shared memory with lightweight threads managed at the user level, This structure allows the kernel to be bypassed during cross-address space communication. The programmer sees threads and RPC through a conventional interface, though with unconventional performance,
The Market for Long-Term Care Services

Although a large literature has established the importance of market and regulatory forces within the long-term care sector, current research in this field is limited by a series of data, measurement, and methodological issues. This paper provides a comprehensive review of these issues with an emphasis on identifying initiatives that will increase the volume and quality of long-term care research. Recommendations include: the construction of standard measures of long-term care market boundaries, the broader dissemination of market and regulatory data, the linkage of survey-based data with market measures, the encouragement of further market-based studies of noninstitutional long-term care settings, and the standardization of Medicaid cost data.
Food and Neonatal Androgen Interact with Photoperiod to Inhibit Reproductive Maturation in Fischer 344 Rats

Laboratory rats generally do not respond reproductively to short days (SD) unless they are given treatments that unmask reproductive inhibition in SD. While young Fischer 344 (F344) rats are unusual among rat strains in that SD substantially inhibit their reproductive response, the inhibition is not as strong as in the classically photoresponsive species. Rats may have two components to photoresponsivenes: 1) an obligate inhibition by SD, and 2) a facultative inhibition in response to biologically relevant challenges. This study tested whether maturing male F344 rats, which clearly have an obligate inhibition of reproduction in SD, also have an additional, facultative inhibition of reproduction in SD in response to food restriction, a biologically reasonable challenge, or to neonatal androgen treatment, a pharmacological treatment that presumably alters organizational events in the development of the reproductive axis. Food restriction over a period of 13 wk strongly enhanced the inhibition of testicular growth by SD. Similarly, testosterone propionate (TP) treatment at 3 days of age strongly enhanced the inhibition of testicular growth by SD. Neonatal TP treatment along with SD inhibited testicular development almost as strongly as that observed in some commonly studied photoresponsive rodents, but for only half as many weeks. Thus, F344 rats possess an obligate inhibition of testicular development in SD that can be enhanced facultatively by food restriction and even more greatly enhanced by neonatal TP treatment. This combination of obligate and facultative responses to SD may have been important to wild rats ancestral to laboratory rats.
In-situ magnetization of isotropic permanent magnets

Summary form only given. Proper magnetization of isotropic permanent magnets is key for their application in motors and other devices. To simplify assembly, it is often preferable to pulse magnetize "in-situ" in a fully or partially assembled device. The magnetization in isotropic magnets is determined only by the resulting field, being the sum of three components: field from the magnetizing coils, reaction field from eddy-currents in conductive fixture and assembly components, and demagnetization field in the magnet itself. Accurate analysis of pulse magnetization is a complex nonlinear problem, in which determination of transient magnetic field is coupled with pulse current in the discharge electrical circuit. A specialized magnetization solver accounting for hysteresis, eddy currents and field-circuit coupling has been developed and validated on designs of several magnetizing fixtures for isotropic permanent magnets.
Relationship of customer needs to electric vehicle performance

This paper presents results of sensitivity analyses performed by exercising an electric vehicle model to understand relationship between customer based vehicle requirements (e.g. size, carrying capacity, weight, aerodynamics, 0–60 mph acceleration time, maximum velocity ) to electric vehicle characteristics (motor and battery specs.), energy consumption during different trips, and running costs for a trip. The electric vehicle model was developed by using available knowledge from mechanics, electrical powertrain and battery technologies. Velocity-distance trajectories of three trips (suburban, city commuter, and freeway) were measured and used as inputs to the model. The model was run under the combinations of the following variables and levels: a) vehicle weight: 2500 lbs small car and 4500 lbs midsize SUV, b) payload load: driver only and five occupants plus luggage, c) time for maximum acceleration from 0 to 60 mph: 4 sec, 7 sec and 10 sec, d) coefficient of drag (CD): 0.25 and 0.35, and e) trip purpose: suburban, city commuter, and freeway. The following model outputs were evaluated: 1) motor power (hp), 2) energy consumed per mile (KWh/mile), and 3) trip costs (cents/trip).