cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trying and Quitting: How Self-focused Attention Influences Effort During Difficult and Impossible Tasks

Theories of effort and self-regulation see quitting as an important part of adaptive behavior. The present experiment examined effort withdrawal at the intersection of two theories: motivational intensity theory, a model of effort regulation, and self-awareness theory, a model of adaptive self-regulation. A sample of young adults worked on a challenging cognitive task that became increasingly hard. Self-focused attention was manipulated using nonconscious first-name priming. When the task was difficult, self-focus increased effort, quantified as systolic blood pressure (SBP) reactivity; when the task was impossible, all conditions withdrew effort. The findings support the conception of effort withdrawal as an adaptive component of self-regulation and expand on the growing interest in implicit influences on effort.
Simulation of sputtering following ion bombardment at a target step

Both binary-collision and molecular-dynamics simulations of sputtering properties usually are carried out using perfectly smooth targets. However, in actual sputtering experiments the target topography most often is not smooth. In this molecular-dynamics simulation study we investigate the effect that a simple step irregularity on the surface of a Cu(1 0 0) target has on sputtering properties such as yields, sputtered-atom energy distributions, and sputtered-atom angular distributions.
Breast self-exams: are health professionals doing their part?

Although breast cancer cannot be prevented at this time, early detection is the single most important factor in recovery. Early detection is largely dependent on discovery of the breast cancer by women through self breast examinations. This study indicates that health professionals either neglect to teach breast self‐exam (BSE) or fail to document teaching it in the patient's record. One hundred eight records of hospitalized clients who had identified risk for breast cancer were reviewed for documentation of teaching of BSE by the health professional. Even though all clients had multiple risk factors, no documentation of teaching BSE was present. These findings indicate a need for some structure in the health care system to assure that health professionals are fulfilling their obligations to teach BSE and to document it in the patient's records. Including it as part of nursing history, a standard nursing care plan, or as a part of audit criteria would assure more consistency in the teaching of BSE.
On the size of the cometary tail magnetic field

Ershkovich's (1978) criticism of previous arguments in favor of magnetic fields of approximately 100 gammas in cometary plasma tails are shown to be unjustified. It is argued that the folding velocity of tail streamers indicates a substantial tail magnetic field and that much of Ershkovich's disagreement stems from the choice of completely different models for a comet's plasma tail. It is concluded that the use of growth rates or phase-velocity information obtained from a dispersion relation to interpret large-amplitude disturbances, such as those in comet tails, is categorically incorrect.
Morphology and radical reactions of Cu(II) and Co(II) sulfonated phthalocyanines covalently linked to poly(ethyleneamide)

The tetrasulfonated CuII(tspc)4-, tspc = 4,4′,4″,4‴-phthalocyaninetetrasulfonate, and the trisulfonated CoII(trspc)3-, trspc = n,n′,n″-phthalocyanine-trisulfonate and n, n′ and n″ indicate the sulfonated positions of the various isomers, were covalently linked to a polyethyleneimine, Mn ~ 10000 and Mw ~ 25000, backbone. A fraction of the amine groups in a strand was converted to CuIIpc(-SO3)3(-SO2N<)\3- or CoIIpc(-SO3)2(-SO2N<)\2- pendants and the remaining were acetylated. Strands of the polymers, poly(K3CuIItspc) and poly(K2CoIItrspc), formed spherical bundles with diameters ~1000 nm for poly(K3CuIItspc) and ~100 nm for poly(K2CoIItrspc). The stability of the bundles is metal-dependent. Poly(K2CoIItrspc) forms the most stable bundles with respect to hydrolytic and redox reactions. ESR and optical spectroscopies as well as reactions of the pendants with pulse radiolytically generated radicals, namely e-sol, C•H2OH, (CH3)2COHC•H2, CO2•-, N3• and SO4•-, revealed a distribution of pendants between isolated and aggregated forms in a bundle. The reduction of the Cu(II) to Cu(I) in aqueous solutions of the poly(K3CuIItspc) was associated with pendants present in a mostly hydrophobic environment. Unstable phthalocyanine pendants with CoIII-carbon bonds are formed when CoIIpc(-SO3)2(-SO2N<)\2- reacted with C-centered radicals, (CH3)2COHC•H2 and C•H2OH. The species with CoIII-carbon bonds were precursors to the formation of CoIpc(-SO3)2(-SO2N<)\3- pendants. The redox reactions of the pendants in these polymers are compared with those of K4CuIItspc and K3CoIItrspc.
Technology in retail

Abstract The history of retail is also a history of the role of technology in society. A look at the evolution of retailing reveals that technology has played a role as the primary enabler of change. As technology gets more sophisticated, the consumer's expectations go up exponentially. In this age of fast food and faster lives, the power has shifted from the retailer to the consumer. The consumer is now changing faster than retail can keep up and retail is changing faster than it's infrastructure can keep up. I believe that we will see more change in the next five years than we have seen in the last 20 years. The convergence of a few key technologies is enabling that change. Examining these technologies and their relationship with retail gives us the best preview of what can happen in the next five to eight years.
Failure of Splanchnic Resuscitation in the Acutely Injured Trauma Patient Correlates With Multiple Organ System Failure and Length of Stay in the ICU

Introduction The purpose of our study was to evaluate the relationship between the state of splanchnic perfusion and morbidity and mortality in the hemodynamically unstable trauma patient acutely resuscitated in the ICU. Methods Gastric intramucosal pH (pHi) was monitored in a blinded fashion in 19 consecutive critically ill trauma patients with evidence of systemic hypoperfusion (arterial pH [pHa] 2.3 mmol/L, lactic acid >2.3 mEq/L) who received right heart catheters to guide resuscitation and subsequent hemodynamic monitoring. Design Prospective randomized consecutive series with retrospective analysis of data. Setting University hospital, surgical ICU. Results The mean values of APACHE II (acute physiology and chronic health evaluation) Injury Severity Score, pHa, arterial base excess, cardiac index, oxygen delivery index, and oxygen consumption index by 24 h were similar (Student's t test, p>0.1) between survivors and nonsurvivors and between those who developed at most a single (SOF) vs multiple organ system failure (MOSF). Supranormal oxygen delivery and utilization parameters were evenly distributed among survivors and nonsurvivors and patients with SOF and MOSF (χ 2 , p>0.5). Ten patients had a pHi 2 , p=0.07). Sixty percent of patients with a pHi 2 , p=0.03). The one patient who developed MOSF and died in the pHi ≥7.32 cohort suffered from massive head trauma and had all futile medical interventions halted. No other patients who achieved a pH ≥7.32 by hour 24 developed MOSF. Survivors with a pHi Conclusion Attainment of a pHi >7.32 at hour 24 carried a significantly reduced likelihood of MOSF. Being an inference of the state of regional perfusion, in a high-risk microvascular bed, gastric intraluminal tonometry should identify perfusion states of compensated or uncompensated shock during hemodynamic resuscitation of the critically ill injury patient. A low pHi appears to be a marker of postresuscitative morbidity and subsequent increased length of stay.
Interpreting the Barium Blockades of Potassium Channels with the Multi-Ion Permeation Free Energy Surface

Barium blockade experiments on the BK channel provided an early quantitative determination of the ion binding selectivity of a potassium channel (Neyton, Miller, J. Gen. Physiol. 1988, 569). Recently, these experiments were repeated for KcsA by Piasta and Miller, providing the first site selectivity electrophysiological measurements for a channel of known atomic structure (Piasta, Theobald, Miller, J. Gen. Physiol. 2011). Site selectivity can be determined from these blockade experiments because the binding of an external alkali cation in the so-called lock-in site impedes the translocation of Ba2+ toward the external side, thus increasing the length of blockade. As K+ and Na+ impede the rate of Ba2+ translocation to vastly different degrees, their relative binding affinities to the lock-in site can be determined quantitatively. Here, we have used molecular dynamics simulations of KcsA to model the permeation process of Ba2+ by computing the ion permeation potential of mean force (PMF) with umbrella sampling enhanced by Hamiltonian exchange. Although a Ba2+-bound crystallographic structure (Lockless, Zhou, MacKinnon, PLoS Biology, 2007, 5, e121) showed Ba2+ binding in the S4 and S2 sites, we find that Ba2+ can bind in all five internal sites, with site binding affinities ranked in the order: S2 > S1≈S3 > S0≈S4. Permeation of Ba2+ in the absence of external K+ proceeds through the familiar knock-on mechanism, where the Ba2+ moves in concert with an internal K+ ion. The barriers for the transition between binding sites are high (>15 kcal/mol), consistent with the observation of long-lived channel blockades and slow permeation of Ba2+ relative to K+. The K+ lock-in effect is examined by a multi-ion PMF of Ba2+ permeation in the presence of an external K+ ion that impedes the permeation of Ba2+.
And We're Back! Experiences in Quickly Building a Robust Sound Recording Collection

In August 2005, the Maxwell Music Library along with several other collections in Howard-Tilton Memorial Library were submerged under nine feet of water due to Hurricane Katrina. While many print items were restored, the sound recording collection was completely destroyed. This article describes our experiences of rebuilding the sound recording collection in terms of collection evaluation, vendor evaluation, and selection. Our experiences in rapidly building a rigorous, comprehensive collection of sound recordings may provide insights into collection development for other libraries seeking to quickly build a robust sound collection as well as assist librarians new to collection development of sound recordings.
Gender-disturbed males

Adolescent and adult cross-dressing or "transvestism" is the most common antecedent behavioral pattern among those who request sex reassignment surgery. Transvestites are actually a diverse group of men who differ in their gender identities, orientation, and intention. They do, however, have in common a soothing image of themselves as women. Because of this, whether cross-dressing occurs among masculine or feminine males or heterosexuals, homosexuals, bisexuals, or asexuals, or among those with paraphilia, the behavior should be considered the expression of their consciously felt femininity. The confusing differences among cross-dressing males may be explained by their diversity along three dimensions: 1) the ambition for heterosexual intercourse; 2) the natural history of their sexual arousal to female clothing; 3) their current capacity to integrate their masculine and feminine strivings into separate compartments. When cross-dressers give up all vestiges of male gender role behaviors and successfully live and work full time as women, the appropriate descriptive term for them becomes "transsexual."
Cognitive medium access control protocols for secondary users sharing a common channel with time division multiple access primary users

The unused time slots in a primary time division multiple access (TDMA) network are regarded as the potential channel access opportunities for secondary users (SUs) in cognitive radio (CR). In this paper, we investigate the medium access control protocols that enable SUs to access a common TDMA channel with primary users (PUs). The primary traffic is assumed to follow a Bernoulli random process. A two-state Markov chain is used to model the secondary traffic, and two different scenarios are considered. The first scenario assumes that the secondary packet arrivals are independent and follow a Bernoulli random process and a cognitive carrier sensing multiple access (Cog-CSMA) protocol is proposed. A Rayleigh fading channel is considered in evaluating Cog-CSMA, and its throughput expression is derived in this paper. The second scenario assumes that the packet arrivals follow a correlated packet arrival process and a cognitive packet reservation multiple access (Cog-PRMA) protocol is proposed. A Markov chain is used to model the different system states in Cog-PRMA and derive the throughput. Numerical results show that the Cog-CSMA and Cog-PRMA protocols achieve the objective of supporting secondary transmissions in a TDMA network without interfering the PUs' transmissions and improve the network bandwidth utilization. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A component framework for communication in distributed applications

The development of communications services for distributed applications that are both well-structured (layered) and efficient can be difficult. This paper presents a C++ framework which promotes the development of reusable components that can be combined to implement communications services. These flexible services can be built without incurring an unacceptable performance cost. The basic abstractions in the framework are presented, followed by a discussion of more specific services for unstructured binary messages. Then, the performance impact of the framework is analyzed using a simple test application. The framework is shown to have a minimal overhead that is independent of message size.
US Childhood Asthma Prevalence Estimates: The Impact of the 1997 National Health Interview Survey Redesign

The 1997 redesign of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) affected US childhood asthma prevalence estimates. The 1997 asthma attack prevalence estimate for children 0-17 years was 5.4%. Pre-redesign NHIS childhood asthma period prevalence estimates peaked in 1995 at 7.5%. It is unclear whether the difference reflects the change in survey methodology or changing asthma prevalence. To examine the impact of the NHIS redesign on childhood asthma prevalence estimates, the authors analyzed the 1988 NHIS that contained two sets of asthma questions: the core survey used until 1996 and the Child Health Supplement (CHS) with questions more similar to those in the redesigned 1997 NHIS. The authors measured the difference between 1988 core and CHS childhood asthma prevalence estimates to calculate an inflation factor for 1997-2000 NHIS estimates. The 1988 CHS questions produced asthma prevalence estimates 19-34% lower than the 1988 core question, depending on the methodology used to assess the difference. Inflating the 1997 asthma attack prevalence estimate by these differences yielded modified 1997 estimates ranging from 6.5% (95% confidence interval: 5.6%, 7.5%) to 7.3% (95% confidence interval: 6.4%, 8.2%). The change in the 1997 NHIS asthma questions likely explains much of the difference in asthma prevalence estimates between 1995 and 1997.
The radiation stability of glycine in solid CO2 – In situ laboratory measurements with applications to Mars

Abstract The detection of biologically important, organic molecules on Mars is an important goal that may soon be reached. However, the current small number of organic detections at the martian surface may be due to the harsh UV and radiation conditions there. It seems likely that a successful search will require probing the subsurface of Mars, where penetrating cosmic rays and solar energetic particles dominate the radiation environment, with an influence that weakens with depth. Toward the goal of understanding the survival of organic molecules in cold radiation-rich environments on Mars, we present new kinetics data on the radiolytic destruction of glycine diluted in frozen carbon dioxide. Rate constants were measured in situ with infrared spectroscopy, without additional sample manipulation, for irradiations at 25, 50, and 75 K with 0.8-MeV protons. The resulting half-lives for glycine in CO 2 -ice are compared to previous results for glycine in H 2 O-ice and show that glycine in CO 2 -ice is much less stable in a radiation environment, with destruction rate constants ∼20–40 times higher than glycine in H 2 O-ice. Extrapolation of these results to conditions in the martian subsurface results in half-lives estimated to be less than 100–200 Myr even at depths of a few meters.
Is there an optimal pH for culture media used in clinical IVF

Background Reducing environmental stress imposed upon gametes and embryos in the IVF laboratory is crucial in optimizing culture conditions and development. One environmental parameter of particular importance is external pH (pHe) of culture media. An optimal pHe has not been identified. Methods Electronic searches were performed using keywords focused on pH and the embryo using PUBMED through August 2011, with no limits placed on a beginning time. Examples of keywords include CO(2), bicarbonate and hydrogen ion. Relevant papers were then examined to obtain additional publications. Results Determining optimal pHe is problematic due to difficulty in isolating pHe from other variables, such as CO(2) and bicarbonate. Various commercial media companies recommend differing pHe ranges, most within the range of 7.2-7.4, with some companies recommending altering pHe based on the gamete or stage of the embryo. However, changing pHe during culture has not been experimentally shown to improve outcomes. Further complicating attempts to define an optimal pHe is that media components can impact intracellular pH (pHi). As a result, media with different concentrations of substances, such as lactate or amino acids, may have different pHi, despite being in the same pHe. Conclusions Due to the plasticity of embryos, a range of pHe's can support development, and defining an optimal pHe is difficult. It is unclear whether there is any benefit in changing pHe at various steps during IVF. The ideal pHe will likely vary from media to media and, until comparative studies have been performed isolating pHe, adherence to manufacturer recommendations and maintenance of a small acceptable pHe range are advisable.
High-precision quadruple isotope dilution method for simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate in seawater by GCMS after derivatization with triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate

Abstract Quadruple isotope dilution mass spectrometry (ID 4 MS) has been applied for simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate in seawater. ID 4 MS allows high-precision measurements and entails the use of isotopic internal standards ( 18 O-nitrite and 15 N-nitrate). We include a tutorial on ID 4 MS outlining optimal experimental design which generates results with low uncertainties and obviates the need for direct (separate) evaluation of the procedural blank. Nitrite and nitrate detection was achieved using a headspace GCMS procedure based on single-step aqueous derivatization with triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate at room temperature. In this paper the sample preparation was revised and fundamental aspects of this chemistry are presented. The proposed method has detection limits in the low parts-per-billion for both analytes, is reliable, precise, and has been validated using a seawater certified reference material (MOOS-2). Simplicity of the experimental design, low detection limits, and the use of quadruple isotope dilution makes the present method superior to the state-of-the-art for determination of nitrite and nitrate, and an ideal candidate for reference measurements of these analytes in seawater.
Tocainide therapy for refractory ventricular arrhythmias

Tocainide, a congener of lidocaine, was used to treat symptomatic ventricular arrhythmias in 19 patients resistant to or unable to tolerate conventional agents. In this highly selected group, 15 showed good initial responses to oral therapy. Ventricular tachycardia was suppressed to a greater extent than isolated ventricular ectopic depolarizations at any plasma concentration, and upward dose-ranging showed progressive suppression of both. Arrhythmia responsiveness to lidocaine was found to be an excellent predictor of tocainide response. Of the 15 responders, one died 24 hours after stopping therapy, three died while receiving tocainide, nine stopped because of adverse reactions (five allergic), and two continue on therapy at 1 and 4 years. We conclude that tocainide is an effective agent for the short-term suppression of ventricular arrhythmias, particularly ventricular tachycardia sensitive to lidocaine, but a high incidence of adverse effects limits its application to chronic therapy in many patients.
Locking of thin plate/shell elements

Often, finite element solutions of thin plate/shell elements become very stiff and the displacement field solutions diverge from those predicted by Kirchhoff's theory. This phenomenon is known as the locking phenomenon. A theoretical fomulation demonstrating its existence is developed, and results of finite element analysis of a single element and mesh are discussed. This leads to a sufficient and necessary criterion which must be satisfied to avoid the locking phenomenon.
Coming to terms with the past. A framework for the study of justice in the transition to democracy

After the transition from an authoritarian to a democratic regime, one commonly observes trials of the agents of the former regime and efforts to compensate its victims. In our century, waves of transitional justice have occured in German-occupied countries after 1941, in South- Eastern Europe in the 1970s, in Latin-American countries in the 1980s, and in post-Communist countries after 1989. The article proposes a framework for the behavioral study of these phenomena. The dependent variables are political decisions to pursue retroactive justice after the transition. Independent variables include the constraints of the actors, their motivations and beliefs, as well as the mechanisms by which individual policy preferences are aggregated into binding collective decisions.
Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Analyze the Performance of Hollow‐Fiber Bioreactors

Preliminary experiments were described that demonstrate that MRI is an effective tool for the noninvasive study of hollow-fiber bioreactors. Flow-compensated velocity-encoding pulse sequences were successively applied to analyze the velocity patterns in a module operated without cells, with an artificially induced flow field perturbation. Diffusion damping pulse sequences were also used to spatially resolve regions of cell growth in a bioreactor. These experiments provide the necessary basis from which future flow and spectroscopic studies can be conducted.
Combination Therapy of Antiandrogen and XIAP Inhibitor for Treating Advanced Prostate Cancer

Overexpression of the androgen receptor (AR) and anti-apoptotic genes including X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) provide tumors with a proliferative advantage. Therefore, our objective was to determine whether novel antiandrogen (CBDIV17) and XIAP inhibitor based combination therapy can treat advanced prostate cancer. CBDIV17 and embelin-6g were synthesized and their effect on cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle and AR and XIAP gene silencing determined. CBDIV17 was more potent than bicalutamide and inhibited proliferation of C4-2 and LNCaP cells, IC50 for CBDIV17 was ∼12 μM and ∼21 μM in LNCaP and C4-2 cells, respectively, whereas bicalutamide had IC50 of ∼46 μM in LNCaP cells and minimal effect in C4-2 cells. CBDIV17 induced apoptosis more effectively compared to bicalutamide and significantly inhibited DNA replication. Combination of CBDIV17 and embelin resulted in supra-additive antiproliferative and apoptotic effects. Embelin downregulated AR expression and decreased androgen-mediated AR phosphorylation at Ser81. These hydrophobic drugs were solubilized using micelles prepared with polyethylene glycol-b-poly (carbonate-co-lactide) (PEG-b-p(CB-co-LA)) copolymer. Combination therapy inhibited prostate tumor growth more effectively compared to control or monotherapy in vivo. Our results demonstrated that CBDIV17 in combination with embelin can potentially treat advanced prostate cancer.
Relevance of Animal Carcinogenesis Findings to Human Cancer Predictions and Prevention

Use of laboratory animals to identify carcinogenic potential of chemicals, mixtures, and other agents has a modern history of greater than 40 years from which much useful scientific and public health information can be derived. While laboratory animals differ from humans in some respects that may affect responses to hazardous exposures, use of such models is based on experimental evidence indicating that there are more genetic, genomic, physiological, biochemical, and metabolic similarities than differences among mammalian species. Issues of concordance of responses between rodent species and between rodents and humans as well as repeatability and site-specificity are important considerations in evaluating laboratory animal carcinogenicity results. Variables in experimental design such as animal strain, diet, route of exposure, and study duration as well as single-site versus multisite carcinogenic responses all influence interpretation and intelligent use of study data. Similarities and differences in site-specific laboratory animal and corresponding human cancers should also be considered in study evaluation. Recent attempts to explore genetically engineered mice and to humanize the mouse for more relevant identification of carcinogen hazard identification have yielded mixed results. In the end we are confronted by the realization that virtually all animal cancer models are useful but imperfect surrogates for humans. Assuming the percentage of chemicals currently in commerce that are estimated to be potent animal or human carcinogens is quite low, the task of identifying agents with significant carcinogenic potential is daunting and important. The biological conundrum of scientific debate regarding the relevance of carcinogenicity studies in laboratory animals is likely to continue. Nonetheless public health considerations must take precedence when deciding human safety issues.
Quantitation of carbenicillin disodium, cefazolin sodium, cephalothin sodium, nafcillin sodium, and ticarcillin disodium by high-pressure liquid chromatography

High-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods for the quantitation of carbenicillin, cefazolin, cephalothin, nafcillin, and ticarcillin were developed. The stability of 2% solutions of the antibiotics in normal saline and in 5% dextrose in water were studied at 24 and 5°. The assays were conducted using a previously reported colorimetric method, and some assays also were performed using HPLC. For discolored solutions of cephalothin, the colorimetric method was not stability indicating. The percent relative standard deviations by HPLC based on six injections were 1.69, 0.94, 1.30, 1.59, and 1.6 for carbenicillin, cefazolin, cephalothin, nafcillin, and ticarcillin, respectively. Both carbenicillin and ticarcillin apparently may be mixtures of two isomers at equilibrium with each other. The shelflives recommended by the manufacturers at 5° may be too conservative.
The Protective Immune Response to Heat Shock Protein 60 of Histoplasma capsulatum Is Mediated by a Subset of Vβ8.1/8.2+ T Cells

Immunization with recombinant heat shock protein 60 (rHsp60) from Histoplasma capsulatum or a region of the protein designated fragment 3 (F3) confers protection from a subsequent challenge in mice. To determine the T cell repertoire involved in the response to Hsp60, T cell clones from C57BL/6 mice immunized with rHsp60 were generated and examined for Vβ usage by flow cytometry and RT-PCR. Vβ8.1/8.2 + T cells were preferentially expanded; other clones bore Vβ4, -6, or -11. When Vβ8.1/8.2 + cells were depleted in mice, Vβ4 + T cell clones were almost exclusively isolated. Measurement of cytokine production demonstrated that nine of 16 Vβ8.1/8.2 + clones were Th1, while only three of 13 non-Vβ8.1/8.2 + clones were Th1. In mice immunized with rHsp60, depletion of Vβ8.1/8.2 + , but not Vβ6 + plus Vβ7 + , T cells completely abolished the protective efficacy of Hsp60 to lethal and sublethal challenges. Examination of the TCR revealed that a subset of Vβ8.1/2 + clones that produced IFN-γ and were reactive to F3 shared a common CDR3 sequence, DGGQG. Transfer of these T cell clones into TCR α/β −/− or IFN-γ −/− mice significantly improved survival, while transfer of other Vβ8.1/8.2 + clones that were F3 reactive but were Th2 or clones that were not reactive to F3 but were Th1 did not confer protection. These data indicate that a distinct subset of Vβ8.1/8.2 + T cells is crucial for the generation of a protective response to rHsp60.
A class of scheduling problem with chains constrains and processing times constrained by a resource

In this paper, a class of single machine resource constrained scheduling problem is investigated. In this model, it is assumed that the jobs are subject to parallel chains precedence constrains. The objective is total weighted completion times. Two versions of problem are addressed. In the first one the chains canpsilat be interrupted, whereas in the second one the chains can be interrupted. For both cases, polynomial algorithms are presented, respectively. We also give an example to illustrate the feasibility of the algorithm.
The Effects of Group Factors on Deception Detection Performance

Deception has been an important problem in interactive groups, impeding effective group communication and group work, yet deception detection in such a context remains understudied. Extrapolated from the interpersonal deception theory (IDT) and group composition research in cooperative contexts, this research proposes that group factors, including diversity and familiarity, have influence on the performance of deception detection. The measurement of group performance was not limited to success, as previous deception studies did, but included efficiency as well because it is fundamental to the effectiveness of deception detection. An analysis of data collected from a real-world online community found that behavioral familiarity had a positive effect, and gender diversity had a negative effect, on group success in deception detection. In addition, behavioral familiarity had a negative effect and functional diversity had a positive effect on the group efficiency of deception detection. The findings not only ...
The Proton Diagnostic Accelerator

The advantage of proton radiography for early cancer detection in soft human tissue has been demonstrated. 1-4 In order for this technique to become a practical medical tool for early detection of cancer, however, a proton source suitable for use in hospitals and clinics is required. An initial concept of such an accelerator has been discussed.5 It would meet the requirements considerably better than any existing accelerator and be simple, reliable, and economical.
Simulated clients reveal factors that may limit contraceptive use in Kisumu, Kenya

A better understanding of the factors influencing use of family planning has the potential to increase contraceptive prevalence and improve the ability of women and their partners to freely choose the number and spacing of their children. Investigations into factors contributing to unmet need frequently rely on data collected using household surveys or interviews with family planning clients and providers. Our research utilizes qualitative information resulting from simulated client visits to investigate programmatic barriers to contraceptive use in a sample of 19 health care facilities in Kisumu East District, a city in western Kenya. Simulated client reports indicate deficiencies in provider competence as well as tenuous relations between providers and clients. In addition, simulated client data reveal occasional absences of providers during normal facility hours of operation and requests of informal fees for services. Trainings that address specific gaps in provider medical knowledge and counseling skills as well as client-provider relations may reduce such programmatic barriers to contraceptive use. In addition, improved supervision and oversight at facilities may increase physical and financial access to services. Future research investigating provider motivations may illuminate root causes of programmatic barriers.
The Nights of Labor: The Workers' Dream in Nineteenth-Century France. By Jacques Ranciere. Translated by John Drury. Introduction by Donald Reid. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1989. 442 pp. Hardbound, $34.95.

(1992). The Nights of Labor: The Workers' Dream in Nineteenth-Century France. By Jacques Ranciere. Translated by John Drury. Introduction by Donald Reid. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1989. 442 pp. Hardbound, $34.95. The Oral History Review: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 123-126.
An image adaptive blind watermarking based on embedded zerotree wavelets

This article proposes an image adaptive blind watermarking based on embedded zerotree wavelets.This algorithm can select and modify wavelet important coefficient adaptively in order to carry on digital watermark information inserting.It also has good robustness.This algorithm uses the correlation between the coefficient and the assigned sequence to judge and extract watermarking,the primitive image is not needed,and it is an effective blind algorithm.
Immune Regulation in the Brain

This chapter provides a framework for thinking about recent work in brain tumor immunotherapy. The intent is to clarify current goals, aid interpretation of recent findings, and point to the next areas that need attention.
Effects of Aflatoxins on in Vivo Nucleic Acid Metabolism in Rats

The scientific background, control and implications of the aflatoxin problem are the subjects of a recent monograph (Goldblatt, 196911) in which these various topics are comprehensively discussed. Studies on the biochemistry of aflatoxin-poisoned systems have received a great deal of investigation, with the general objective of elucidating their mechanisms of action (Wogan, 196919). Among the various biochemical parameters that have been studied, alterations in RNA metabolism are among the earliest demonstrable effects that occur as a result of exposure of animals or cell cultures to aflatoxins. The mechanisms involved in this type of response have received a great deal of study. We have investigated a number of aspects of this response in rat liver, and our earlier findings are summarised elsewhere (Wogan, 196919). This discussion will deal with more recent findings and their relationships to those of other workers. However, by way of background, it will be useful for the remaining discussion to summarise briefly the main lines of evidence that led up to more recent experiments.
Implementation and adherence to osteoporosis screening guidelines among coeliac disease patients.

Abstract Background There are no studies evaluating the implementation of American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) guidelines on osteoporosis screening in coeliac disease. Aims To investigate implementation of osteoporosis screening guidelines in coeliac disease patients and determine how often bone mineral density (BMD) assessment leads to therapeutic intervention. Methods We screened all patients with biopsy-proven coeliac disease at our center from 2003 to 2013 and collected data on indication and results of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scanning (DXA) and therapeutic interventions. Results Of 222 adults with coeliac, only 80 (36%) underwent DXA after their diagnosis. Of those, 43 had DXA for osteoporosis screening specifically related to their coeliac diagnosis. Of these 43 patients, 28 (65.1%) had low BMD. A therapeutic intervention was made in the majority of these patients (21/28, 75%). Of 330 pediatric coeliac cases, 52 (15.8%) had DXA specifically in the context of the coeliac disease diagnosis with only 5 being complicated coeliac disease. Of these, 3 (5.8%) had low BMD and only 2 underwent therapeutic intervention. Conclusions Osteoporosis screening guidelines are not followed in the majority of patients with coeliac disease but, when followed, frequently lead to therapeutic intervention. Osteoporosis screening guidelines in coeliac disease need to be updated, strengthened and publicized.
Beyond the Shades of Darkness: A Case Study of Varanasi, India

Dark tourism scholarship, so far, has mostly confined itself to European interpretations of rituals and death. This study aims at analyzing the phenomenon of dark tourism in the context of a non-Western and religious setting in India focusing specifically on tourist interest and perceptions. The study focuses upon two types of Hindu death-related rituals performed at the cremation grounds and attempts to understand how travelling to religious sites and witnessing “live” events of death can fall under the broad context of dark tourism, and how the different meanings associated by tourists form paradoxes and ambiguities that existing dark tourism scholarship fails to address adequately.
Kiss, Réka and Attila Viktor Soós, eds. 2015. Keletről Nyugatra. A kommunista mozgalom titkos pénzei ('From East to West - the Secret Money of the Communist Movement'). Budapest: Nemzeti Emlékezet Bizottsága. 144 pp.

Kiss, Reka and Attila Viktor Soos, eds. 2015. Keletrol Nyugatra. A kommunista mozgalom titkos penzei ('From East to West - the Secret Money of the Communist Movement'). Budapest: Nemzeti Emlekezet Bizottsaga. 144 pp.
Suicide Intervention Gatekeeper Training: Modeling Mediated Effects on Development and Use of Gatekeeper Behaviors

Objective:Suicide is a significant public and mental health crisis in the United States. Training providers in suicide assessment and response is designated as one of the primary strategies for red...
Parenting Behaviors, Parent Heart Rate Variability, and Their Associations with Adolescent Heart Rate Variability.

Adolescence is a potentially important time in the development of emotion regulation and parenting behaviors may play a role. We examined associations among parenting behaviors, parent resting heart rate variability, adolescent resting heart rate variability and parenting behaviors as moderators of the association between parent and adolescent resting heart rate variability. Ninety-seven youth (11–17 years; 49.5 % female; 34 % African American, 37.1 % Euro-American, 22.6 % other/mixed ethnic background, and 7.2 % Hispanic) and their parents (n = 81) completed a physiological assessment and questionnaires assessing parenting behaviors. Inconsistent discipline and corporal punishment were negatively associated with adolescent resting heart rate variability, while positive parenting and parental involvement were positively associated. Inconsistent discipline and parental involvement moderated the relationship between parent and adolescent resting heart rate variability. The findings provide evidence for a role of parenting behaviors in shaping the development of adolescent resting heart rate variability with inconsistent discipline and parental involvement potentially influencing the entrainment of resting heart rate variability in parents and their children.
Learning by Doing

A summary of the industrial organization literature on learning by doing and empirical applications in health economics is provided. The majority of learning by doing studies in health care test whether patient mortality (or other adverse events) decline as the cumulative number of procedures performed by a hospital or physician increases. Empirical studies find little evidence of learning by doing at the hospital or physician level, even though a positive association between higher volume and better patient outcomes is observed in cross sectional data. There is more compelling evidence for learning by watching.
Tuning interfacial complexation in aqueous two phase systems with polyelectrolytes and nanoparticles for compound all water emulsion bodies (AWE-somes)

Interfacial complexation between two oppositely charged polymers in aqueous two phase systems (ATPSs) leads to the formation of mechanically robust microcapsules that can be stressed without losing their structural integrity. When a polyelectrolyte (PE) is replaced with a charged nanoparticle (NP), microcapsules with internal compartments can be generated within an encapsulated shell comprising NPs and PEs, named AWE-somes. These shells, made by interfacial complexation between PEs and NPs, are, however, very brittle and can lose their integrity under mechanical stress, potentially limiting their applications. Improved control over the properties and structure of microcapsules over a wide range is needed to enable their broad utilization. In this work, we show that interfacial complexation of a polycation with a mixture of a polyanion and a negatively charged NP in ATPS presents a simple yet versatile method of tuning the structure and properties of microcapsules. We show that internal structure, along with the mechanical robustness and stimuli-responsive properties of microcapsules, can be varied by changing the concentrations of polyanion and NP present in one of the two aqueous phases. Interfacial complexation of PE with mixtures of PE and NP provides a new strategy for controlling and imparting the properties and functionality of AWE-some interfacial membranes for applications in encapsulation and release of active agents and recapitulation of basic functions of living cells.
Automating traceability link recovery through classification

Traceability Link Recovery (TLR) is an important software engineering task in which a stakeholder establishes links between related items in two sets of software artifacts. Most existing approaches leverage Information Retrieval (IR) techniques, and formulate the TLR task as a retrieval problem, where pairs of similar artifacts are retrieved and presented to a user. These approaches still require significant human effort, as a stakeholder needs to manually inspect the list of recommendations and decide which ones are true links and which ones are false. In this work, we aim to automate TLR by re-imagining it as a binary classification problem. More specifically, our machine learning classification approach is able to automatically classify each link in the set of all potential links as either valid or invalid, therefore circumventing the substantial human effort required by existing techniques.
Sedation for Endoscopy in the Obese Patient

Prior to performing an endoscopic procedure on an obese patient, it is imperative that the physician obtain a thorough history and physical. Special attention should be placed on cardiopulmonary processes, such as undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnea, obesity hypoventilation syndrome, and pulmonary hypertension. These and other commonly obesity-related illnesses place the obese patient at greater risk while undergoing moderate or deep sedation. Proper training in basic and advanced life support, as well as a thorough understanding of cardiopulmonary monitoring and interpretation of untoward events, is required to safely conduct both diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic procedures. This chapter will highlight the proper documentation and patient education required prior to performing an endoscopic procedure as well as the technical aspects within the endoscopic suite. Special attention will be placed on commonly used medication and monitoring technology to safely and effectively carry out the procedure.
The Teaching Green Building: Five Theoretical Perspectives

Teaching Green Buildings (TGBs) are designed to educate building users about green building design and often broader themes about the connection between buildings and their surrounding ecosystems. The outcomes of a well-designed TGB range from increasing knowledge to fostering a sense of place to promoting environmental behavior change. To date, however, these buildings have been weakly theorized in scholarship and haphazardly designed in practice. This chapter draws on an interdisciplinary research base to discuss five potential roles for TGBs as: symbol, science museum, 3D textbook, call to action, and place.
Preventing collusion between SDN defenders anc attackers using a game theoretical approach

In this paper, a game-theoretical solution concept is utilized to tackle the collusion attack in a SDN-based framework. In our proposed setting, the defenders (i.e., switches) are incentivized not to collude with the attackers in a repeated-game setting that utilizes a reputation system. We first illustrate our model and its components. We then use a socio-rational approach to provide a new anti-collusion solution that shows cooperation with the SDN controller is always Nash Equilibrium due to the existence of a long-term utility function in our model.
Extremum Seeking Control for Personalized Zone Adaptation in Model Predictive Control for Type 1 Diabetes

Zone model predictive control has proven to be an effective closed-loop method to regulate blood glucose for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). In this paper, we present a universal model-free optimization scheme for adapting the zone for T1D patients individually. The adaptation is based on a clinical glycemic risk index named relative regularized glycemic penalty index (rrGPI), which is calculated from glucose measurements by a continuous glucose monitor. The scheme's objective is to minimize rrGPI by simultaneously modulating a controller's blood glucose target zone's upper bound and lower bound. The adaptation mechanism is based on extremum seeking control, in which the zone boundaries are driven by gradient estimation obtained by continuously sinusoidally modulating and demodulating the rrGPI readings. To improve the adaptation method's robustness against uncertainties, a decaying feedback gain and a vanishing dither signal are employed. in-silico trials suggested that the personalized optimized zone can be reached within a week of adaptation. Both for announced and unannounced meals, the proposed method outperforms the fixed zone [80, 140] mg/dL, which has been employed in the authors’ clinical trials. It is also shown that the developed method has strong robustness against real-life uncertainties.
Trans–cis isomerization energies of azopyridines: a calorimetric and computational study

Azobenzenes undergo reversible trans–cis photo-isomerization and have been studied extensively as photo-responsive materials. Despite their similar photochemistry, azopyridines have received relatively little attention; for example, their isomerization energies are presently unknown. In comparison with azobenzenes, azopyridines offer additional opportunities for materials design through hydrogen bonding and coordination chemistry. Here we report the isomerization energies for all three symmetrical azopyridines (i.e., the 2,2′-, 3,3′-, and 4,4′-isomers) through a combined experimental and computational study. Heat of isomerization was measured in the liquid state, with o-terphenyl introduced to suppress crystallization. We obtain ∆Eiso = 25.2 ± 0.6, 42.6 ± 0.6, and 35.0 ± 1.8 kJ mol−1 for 2,2′, 3,3′, and 4,4′-azopyridine, respectively. For azobenzene, we obtain ∆Eiso = 47.0 ± 1.3 kJ mol−1, in agreement with the literature value and validating our method. Theoretical calculations yielded gas-phase ∆Eiso in reasonable agreement with experiment and explain the low isomerization energy of 2,2′-azopyridine on the basis of a low-energy cis conformer. Because of the smaller van der Waals volume of the pyridine N relative to the phenyl CH, the two aromatic rings in the cis isomer can approach closer to coplanarity, leading to greater π-conjugation and lower conformational energy.