cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The response of the horizontal pendulum seismometer to Rayleigh and Love waves, tilt, and free oscillations of the earth

The horizontal pendulum seismometer is sensitive not only to acceleration along its sensitive axis but also to tilt, variations in the angle of inclination, and along-the-boom acceleration. The complete steady-state response of this type of seismometer to Rayleigh and Love waves, tilt, and free oscillations of the Earth is treated. An equation of motion is developed which includes the effects of tilt, variation in the angle of inclination, and along-the-boom acceleration. An approximate solution to this equation is obtained which separates out the response due to each effect. The response, including these effects, is developed for Rayleigh and Love waves and the conditions under which along-the-boom acceleration and variations in the angle of inclination are important are stated. The question “How much of the seismogram is due to tilt?” is answered in detail for long period Rayleigh waves and free oscillations. It is shown that the seismograms resulting from such waves can require sizable corrections depending on the wave parameters. A correction factor for Rayleigh waves is developed which is universal in the sense that it is independent of the parameters of the particular seismometer and thus applies to all pendulous horizontal seismographs. For Rayleigh waves it is a function only of ellipticity, phase velocity, and period. Correction factor curves for long-period retrograde Rayleigh waves are presented. For circular particle motions a ten per cent correction is required for a three hundred second Rayleigh wave. The problem of obtaining the horizontal ground motion is treated. The response of the horizontal seismometer as a tilt meter is examined; a conversion factor between displacement and tilt magnification is developed. The complete response to simultaneous spheroidal and torsional free oscillations of the Earth is developed. It is shown that the principal response to the low-order spheroidal modes is as a tilt meter. The relationship between the horizontal and vertical seismogram is developed.
Adding advanced storage controller functionality via low-overhead virtualization

Historically, storage controllers have been extended by integrating new code, e.g., file serving, database processing, deduplication, etc., into an existing base. This integration leads to complexity, co-dependency and instability of both the original and new functions. Hypervisors are a known mechanism to isolate different functions. However, to enable extending a storage controller by providing new functions in a virtual machine (VM), the virtualization overhead must be negligible, which is not the case in a straightforward implementation. This paper demonstrates a set of mechanisms and techniques that achieve near zero runtime performance overhead for using virtualization in the context of a storage system.
Optimal solutions for classes of adaptive search problems

The problem of searching for an unknown object occurs in important applications ranging from security, medicine and defense. Sensors with the capability to process information rapidly require adaptive algorithms to control their search in response to noisy observations. In this paper, we discuss a class of dynamic, adaptive search problems, and formulate the resulting sensor control problems as stochastic control problems with imperfect information. The structure of these problems, with objective functions related to information entropy, allows for a complete characterization of the optimal strategies and the optimal cost. We study problems that involve both individual sensors as well as multiple sensors. We provide a constructive algorithm for determining optimal policies in real time based on convex optimization. We also show that, under symmetry conditions on the observation errors in the sensors, the optimal policies have a simple characterization that lead to a closed-form solution for the convex optimization problem. We illustrate the results with simulations including two sensors searching for a single object.
Characterization of the Binding of Hydroxyindole, Indoleacetic acid, and Morpholinoaniline to the Salmonella Type III Secretion System Proteins SipD and SipB.

Many Gram-negative bacteria require the type III secretion system (T3SS) to cause infectious diseases in humans. A looming public health problem is that all bacterial pathogens that require the T3SS to cause infectious diseases in humans have developed multidrug resistance to current antibiotics. The T3SS is an attractive target for the development of new antibiotics because of its critical role in virulence. An initial step in developing anti-T3SS-based therapeutics is the identification of small molecules that can bind to T3SS proteins. Currently, the only small molecules that are known to bind to the Salmonella T3SS proteins SipD and SipB are bile salts (to SipD) and sphingolipids and cholesterol (to SipB). Herein we report the results of a surface plasmon resonance screen of 288 compounds wherein the binding of 4-morpholinoaniline to SipD, 3-indoleacetic acid to SipB, and 5-hydroxyindole to both SipD and SipB were identified. We also identified by NMR the SipD surfaces involved in binding. These three compounds represent a new class of molecules that can bind to T3SS tip (SipD) and translocon (SipB) proteins that could find use in future drug design.
Does the Tax Court's Use of its Golsen Rule in Unappealable Small Tax Cases Hurt the Poor?

The U.S. Tax Court has long held that, although it is a national court with its own precedents, where a case before it is appealable to a Court of Appeals that disagrees with it on a legal issue, "efficient and harmonious judicial administration calls for [the Tax Court] to follow the decision of that court." Golsen v. Commissioner, 54 T.C. 742, 756-758 (1970), aff'd on another issue, 445 F.2d 985 (10th Cir. 1971). The logic of the so-called "Golsen rule" is to avoid a wasteful appeal that would result in the Tax Court's decision instantly being reversed; it does not reflect agreement with the court of appeals. Currently, roughly half of the cases filed in the Tax Court elect small case status under Internal Revenue Code section 7463, which provides for informal procedures and trials and produces opinions that are neither precedential nor appealable. Even though small case rulings cannot be appealed, the Tax Court still apparently applies the Golsen rule in such cases, following the precedent of the Court of Appeals to which the case would be appealable if it were appealable. This article questions the reasoning for this practice and explores unstated reasons for it. The author concludes that the Tax Court should abandon the Golsen rule in small tax cases and instead apply either the precedent of the Tax Court or the precedent of the Circuit Court to which the case would otherwise be appealable if the election had not been made, whichever precedent is more favorable to the taxpayer in the circumstances of the case.
Beliefs-based Businesses: Culture, Conflict, and Complement

Long before management experts began chanting the mantra of organizational culture, certain companies understood the importance of a motivating vision and unifying values. These businesses were established on and are directed by spiritual, and specifically Christian, beliefs. This orientation may provide not only a transcending purpose for organizational members, but also deeply-rooted tenets to guide decisionmaking and other activities. Some businesses call themselves Christian while others are less overt and say that the Christian faith is reflected in their operating philosophies and practices. Their products and services may or may not be expressly religious. Examples of the former include publishing houses and broad casting firms, such as Thomas Nelson and the Christian Broadcasting Network, which produce books and programs with clear religious content and are directed toward persons within a community of faith. Interestingly, some of these businesses are expanding into the non religious sector, taking their products into the mass market because of the broadening demographics of Christian households. In recent years, Thomas Nelson has grown from a parochial book publisher into a multi-media conglomerate in television, music, publishing, home
Characterization of highly variable (GA/CT) n microsatellites in the bur oak, Quercus macrocarpa

The objective of this study was to ascertain the usefulness of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based microsatellite analysis for studying pollination and parentage in a wind-pollinated temperate tree. A small insert genomic library of the bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa) was constructed and screened for the presence of (CA/GT) n and (GA/CT) n repeats. The proportion of positive clones yielded estimates of 3×105 such dinucleotide repeats per genome, roughly comparable to abundances reported in other eukaryotic genomes. Thirteen positive clones were sequenced. In contrast to mammalian genomes, the (GA/CT) n motif was more abundant than the (CA/GT) n motif in these clones. The (GA/CT) n repeats also showed longer average repeat length (mean n=16.2 versus 7.3), suggesting that they are better candidates for yielding polymorphic genetic markers in oak genomes. Indeed, a survey of adult bur oaks and offspring in a small stand in northern Illinois at 3 of these (GA/CT) n microsatellite loci revealed Mendelian inheritance and extremely high levels of polymorphism, with the number of alleles at each locus ranging from 11–20 and heterozygosity ranging from 0.66 to 0.75. These results, indicating that (GA/CT) n microsatellites are both abundant and highly polymorphic in the bur oak genome, suggest that such genetic markers have tremendous potential for applications for studies of parentage, pollination and dispersal in temperate trees.
Oral manifestations of lupoid hepatitis. Report of a case.

Abstract Inflammatory lesions of the attached gingiva and a history of “viral hepatitis” in a 16-year-old girl triggered a complete medical evaluation that resulted in a diagnosis of lupoid hepatitis. This diagnosis was based on the results of serologic and histopathologic studies. A gingival biopsy was performed, and the pathologic changes were described as being consistent with those seen in disseminated lupus erythematosus. Although oral mucosal manifestations of lupus erythematosus are not uncommon, oral involvement in lupoid hepatitis is rarely reported. Twenty-four months of steroid therapy has resulted in a significant remission of liver symptoms and an improvement in the oral condition.
Leukokinetic Studies. VIII. A Search for an Extramedullary tissue Pool of Neutrophilic Granulocytes.

SummaryThis study was designed to determine whether inflammatory granulocytes are derived solely from the blood or from a hypothetical extramedullary tissue pool of granulocytes, in addition to the blood. Blood granulocytes were labeled in vitro with DFP32, infused, and their subsequent appearance in induced inflammatory exudates studied. From a comparison of the maximum blood granulocyte specific activity and the exudate granulocyte specific activity it was evident that at least three-fourths of the exudate neutrophils were derived directly from the blood. To determine if more than three-fourths of the exudate neutrophils were from the blood the proportion of granulocytes in an exudate 4 hours old which had left the blood during each of the preceding 4 hours was calculated. It was found that approximately 36% of the granulocytes in a 4 hour exudate had left the blood during the first hour of inflammation. The figures for the 2nd, 3rd and 4th hours of inflammation were, respectively, 32%, 25% and 9%, maki...
The application of Gauss-Newton algorithm in harmonic power measurement

This paper presents a numerical algorithm for power measurement in nonsinusoidal conditions and studies the application in Virtual Instrument.Now,the traditional FFT algorithms showed the sensitivity to frequency variation.The Gauss-Newton algorithm assigns the initialization value for frequency,using the iterative procedure to determine voltage and current signals and power components.This article gives the simulated results,composes the algorithmic program using LabVIEW software,and compares the Gauss-Newton algorithm to FFT algorithm.In fact,the algorithm converges very fast and the test data are not sensitive to frequency variation,the algorithm operates fast when combines Virtual Instrument platform,and can meet the demand of real-time measurement.
Pd-L2Ork Raspberry Pi Toolkit as a Comprehensive Arduino Alternative in K-12 and Production Scenarios.

The following paper showcases new integrated Pd-L2Ork system and its K12 educational counterpart running on Raspberry Pi hardware. A collection of new externals and abstractions in conjunction with the Modern Device LOP shield transforms Raspberry Pi into a cost-efficient sensing hub providing Arduino-like connectivity with 10 digital I/O pins (including both software and hardware implementations of pulse width modulation) and 8 analog inputs, while offering a number of integrated features, including audio I/O, USB and Ethernet connectivity and video output.
Therapeutic portacaval anastomosis: to shunt or not to shunt.

The final report of the Boston Inter-Hospital Liver Group (BILG) study of therapeutic portacaval shunts in this issue of Gastroenterology1 is another giant step for medicine in determining the rightful role of portacaval anastomosis. It is also an appropriate opportunity for an editorial admirer of BILG to praise its work and to try to put it into proper perspective.
The effect of velocity based packing schemes on macrosegregation development in simulations of equiaxed solidification

Abstract Simulations of equiaxed solidification must consider the advection of solid grains and their eventual coalescence into a rigid, permeable structure. Most models up to this point have used one of two similar treatments where this transition occurs at a uniform value for either the grain envelope fraction or the solid fraction. A major drawback of this approach is that it does not explicitly account for the effect of the local velocity field, which may either advect grains into the rigid solid or away from it. A simple velocity based model has been proposed in which the packing of a given control volume is based on the condition of its downstream neighbors. This velocity based packing scheme was implemented in a model for horizontal direct-chill casting, but its effects on the predicted solidification structure were not investigated in detail. The present study describes this and one modified approach in the context of a model of a cylindrical static casting of AA7050 and compares both to the standard constant packing fraction approach. A parametric study is performed to determine the effect of several model parameters, including the critical solid fraction, grid spacing, free floating particle size, and dendrite arm spacing, on the formation of macrosegregation. Avenues for future research are identified.
The Egr-1 gene is induced by epidermal growth factor in ECV304 cells and primary endothelial cells

The early growth response (Egr)-1 transcription factor serves to couple changes in the extracellular environment to alterations in gene expression. An understanding of the mechanisms that underlie Egr-1 gene regulation should provide important insights into how environmental signals are transduced by endothelial cells. The aim of the present study was to determine whether epidermal growth factor (EGF) induces Egr-1 expression in endothelial cells. In ECV304 cells, Egr-1 mRNA and protein levels were increased in response to EGF. In stable transfection assays, the 1,200-bp promoter of the mouse Egr-1 gene contained information for EGF response via a protein kinase C-independent, mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent pathway. The endogenous Egr-1 gene was similarly responsive to EGF in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells, human coronary artery endothelial cells, and rat fat pad endothelial cells, but not in bovine aortic endothelial cells, calf pulmonary artery endothelial cells, or PY-4-1 endothelial cells. Together, these results suggest that the Egr-1 gene is responsive to EGF in a subset of endothelial cells.
Vascular Malformations of the Brain: Surgical Management Using Interactive Image Guidance

This article describes the use of interactive image guidance in the surgical management of vascular malformations (VMs). Indications include VMs located in or around eloquent brain regions such as speech and motor sensory areas. The image guidance provides a three-dimensional view of the actual vascular malformations through computer simulation and an accurate means of determining its position in relation to adjacent brain structures (anatomic localization).
A Pawnee Vision of the Future

Hollywood has treated the Pawnee Indians of Nebraska badly. In both Little Big Man (1970) and Dances with Wolves (1990), films that generally present Indians in a favorable light, the Pawnees are portrayed as villains. The Pawnees in Dances with Wolves are one-dimensional stereotypes, playing violent villains to Kevin Costner’s Lakota heroes; ironically, the Pawnees are playing roles identical to those the Lakotas used to play when the heroes were all white. In reality, the Pawnees were a sophisticated people who sought to order their universe and renew their world through complex rituals.
Whitman’s Sympathies

This essay explores five figures of “sympathy” at work in Walt Whitman’s writings, with a focus on Leaves of Grass. Of particular note is the way Whitman presents sympathy as not only a moral senti...
Iron Homeostasis--an Anthropocentric Perspective

The regulation of iron metabolism in biological systems centers on providing adequate iron for cellular function while limiting iron toxicity. Because mammals cannot excrete iron, mechanisms have evolved to control iron acquisition, storage, and distribution at both systemic and cellular levels. Hepcidin, the master regulator of iron homeostasis, controls iron flows into plasma through inhibition of the only known mammalian cellular iron exporter ferroportin. Hepcidin is feedback-regulated by iron status and strongly modulated by inflammation and erythropoietic demand. This review highlights recent advances that have changed our understanding of iron metabolism and its regulation.
Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (ceVUS) with the intravesical administration of the ultrasound contrast agent Optison™ for vesicoureteral reflux detection in children: a prospective clinical trial.

Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (ceVUS) is widely used outside the United States to diagnose vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children and is highly sensitive while avoiding exposure to ionizing radiation. At the onset of this study, two ultrasound (US) contrast agents were available in the United States. Pediatric safety data for intravenous administration was published for one, Optison™. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance and safety of ceVUS using Optison™ and compare its diagnostic efficacy with voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) for VUR detection and grading in children. The United States Food and Drug Administration and institutional Investigational New Drug authorizations were obtained to conduct a prospective comparative study of ceVUS with Optison™ and VCUG. CeVUS was performed with intravesical administration of 0.2% Optison™/normal saline solution. A standard VCUG followed. Safety assessment included physical examination, and heart rate, pulse oximetry and adverse reactions monitoring before, during and immediately after the examinations. A follow-up questionnaire was completed by telephone 48-h after the studies. Sixty-two pelviureteric units were studied in 30 patients with a mean age of 3.5 years (range: 0.1–17 years) including 21 girls and 9 boys. No severe adverse events occurred. All patients had normal heart rate and blood oxygenation saturation prior to, during and after the studies. At the 48-h follow-up, one patient (3.3%) reported transient dysuria. Taking the VCUG as the reference standard, ceVUS had a sensitivity of 91.7% (95%; confidence interval [CI]: 61.5%–99.8%) and specificity of 98% (95%; CI: 89.4%–99.9%). The concordance between ceVUS and VCUG for VUR detection and grading was 84.3% and 81.8%, respectively. VUR grades were discrepant in 4/11 refluxing pelviureteric units, with VCUG upgrading VUR in 2. Detection of VUR with Optison™ ceVUS was comparable to VCUG without exposure to ionizing radiation. CeVUS with Optison™ is a well-tolerated diagnostic procedure with a favorable safety profile.
Simulation with enterprise dynamics® software: tutorial presentation

Simulation of real-life systems via discrete event simulation has been supported by numerous special purpose languages over the years, including GPSS, SIMSCRIPT, GASP, SIMULA, SLAM, and SIMAN, to name a few. Early languages were variations of traditional programming languages of the time. For example, GPSS was very assembly-like while SIMSCRIPT resembled Pascal, with each including features unique to the problem at hand-simulating (discrete) systems. In today's mouse driven environment, what we want now is a drag-and-click "language" for simulation. Enterprise Dynamics ® from Incontrol Enterprise Dynamics (of The Netherlands) provides such an object-oriented simulation development environment which is both easy to use and quite thorough in functionality. Using the large number of built-in components, users can build quite complex systems, such as a manufacturing plant or a retail store, in a matter of minutes. The software provides both standard and customizable report capabilities.
Formal Analytic Methodology

Formal methods are mathematical or logical. They are quantitative or taxonomic. They are derived directly from scientific, psychometric methods that do not require clinical judgment. They include tests, indexes, ratios, and decision-tree algorithms. Their essence is objective validation. The advantage of formal methods is that they can be validated and their accuracy determined (rate of error). Therefore, they are reliable for medical and forensic purposes. Their ultimate form is computerized assessment that combines administration, scoring, and interpretation. Ultimately, neuropsychology will develop in this direction.
Analysis of the Expressive Language Characteristics of Emotionally Handicapped Students in Social Interactions.

Emotionally handicapped students are described as having difficulty forming peer relationships and achieving academically. Because language is critical to these areas, this research project describ...
Minimally Invasive Midface Elevation Using a Percutaneous Suspension Suture Sling Technique

Understanding aging changes of the midface is necessary to address the functional and aesthetic concerns of our patients. With age, the malar fat pad descends and overlaps the relatively fixed nasolabial fold causing it to deepen. Above the fat pad the arcus marginalis and orbital septum limit descent of the orbital fat. As the cheek descends, a division develops between the eyelid and malar fat pad. These hollows cause shadowing beneath the eye, creating a tired and aged appearance. With further ptosis of the midface, the eyelid skin becomes distracted inferiorly. Combining this with horizontal laxity of the eyelid can result in significant ectropion. Standard aesthetic techniques for lower face lifting generally do not adequately address the changes in the midface.
Developing new adaptive secondary electronics for the MAPS project

The MMT adaptive secondary mirror, as part of the MMT AO system, was the first of its kind when it was deployed in 2002. The 336 element device used voice coil actuation to deform the optical surface at speeds of 500 Hz. The MMT Adaptive optics exoPlanet characterization System (MAPS) is a program intended to update this system for high spectral resolution characterization of exoplanets. Advances in electronics since the MMT ASM implementation have motivated us to design an upgrade to this system which will work at higher speed and with more complex control algorithms. The design goals for the refurbishment are to develop a system that uses less power, is more compact, and is as cost effective as possible. We present the design of the MAPS adaptive secondary electronics and describe the status of the prototyping and fabrication.
Development of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw After Extraction of Teeth With Experimental Periapical Disease.

Purpose Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a rare but severe side effect of antiresorptive medications. Most animal models use tooth extraction as an instigating local factor to induce MRONJ, with varied results. However, these teeth are healthy and absent of dental disease, a rare finding that does not reflect clinical practices. The authors hypothesized that extraction of teeth with periapical inflammation would lead to MRONJ in rats treated with high-dose bisphosphonates. Materials and Methods Rats were pretreated with zoledronic acid (ZA) for 1 week. Pulp exposure (PE) was established by exposing the pulpal chamber of the first and second molars. Experimental periapical disease (EPD) was induced by PE and bacterial inoculation into pulp chambers of the first and second mandibular molars. The mandibular molars were extracted 4 weeks after PE or EPD, and animals were euthanized 4 weeks after tooth extraction. Extraction sockets were assessed clinically, radiographically, and histologically. Results Clinically, radiographically, and histologically, socket healing was observed in all vehicle-treated animals and in ZA-treated animals after extraction of healthy teeth or teeth with PE. In contrast, bone exposure, lack of socket healing, and osteonecrosis were present in most ZA-treated animals after extraction of teeth with EPD. Bacterial presence was noted in areas of osteonecrotic alveolar bone. Conclusion These data support a synergistic contribution of severe dental disease and tooth extraction to MRONJ pathogenesis. Importantly, this model is amenable to manipulation of methodologic conditions for the dissection of parameters involved in MRONJ pathogenesis.
The Association of Smoking History and Outcomes following Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation

Introduction Cigarette smoking has been associated with poor outcomes post-heart transplantation and is considered a contraindication for transplant candidacy at most cardiac transplant centers. Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVAD) have proven to be durable options for patients with end stage heart failure as a bridge to transplant (BT) or destination therapy (DT); however little is known about the long-term effects of smoking on patients following LVAD implantation. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of smoking history on the risk of complications following LVAD implantation. Methods This study was a single center retrospective review of 322 consecutive patients who underwent continuous-flow LVAD implantation from 5/1/2008 to 12/31/2017. Based on self-report, patients were categorized as never smokers or as having a history of smoking. Pre-LVAD implantation baseline characteristics were obtained, and summary characteristics were calculated. Hospitalizations for gastrointestinal bleeds (GIB), driveline infections, strokes, LVAD thrombosis, and heart failure re-admissions were collected. Chi square analysis was used to determine differences between never smokers and those with a history of smoking. The cumulative incidence competing risk method was used for survival analysis. Results Median follow up was 228 days. Patients with a history of smoking were older, predominantly male, and more likely to be Caucasian. Smokers were more likely to be hypertensive and have dyslipidemia. There was no difference with regards to LVAD type. Over the study period ( table 1 ), smoking history was associated with increased incidence of GIB (p = 0.008), driveline infections (p = 0.05), LVAD thrombosis (p = 0.0007), and HF hospitalizations (p = 0.039). Incidence of stroke was similar between groups (p = 0.50). There was no difference with regards to survival between the two groups ( graph 1 ). Conclusions A history of smoking is associated with an increased incidence of LVAD-related complications, but no difference in survival was observed. Further multivariate analysis is needed to assess persistence of effect.
The Ecology of Desire: Coastal Poetics, Passion, and Environmental Consciousness

This essay develops what may seem a curious proposal: that Pacific coast poetry by Robinson Jeffers and Theodore Roethke uses erotic imagery to develop ecological consciousness. Whether describing the advance and retreat of the tides as a kind of foreplay, or envisioning the ardor of anadromous salmon and steelhead as they rush upriver to their spawning redds, these poets distinguish the amorous energies of the marine environment from the structures of human desire. In poems such as Jeffers’s “Salmon Fishing” (1924) and “Steelhead, Wild Pig, The Fungus” (1937) or Roethke’s “North American Sequence” (1964), human desire appears calculating, transactional, avaricious, and even frankly predatory. Against this, the poems eroticize the fecundity of marine ecosystems as immediate and sensual. The “ecology of desire,” as this essay presents it, stands for an understanding of the reproductive urgencies of the coastal environment in nonanthropocentric terms. Intertidal, estuarine, and anadromous writing in this mode appears uniquely passionate. These texts create an equally ardent environmental consciousness by drawing the reader into ecosystems that are natively resilient and natively fervent—indeed desperate to reproduce themselves—even as they are so deeply threatened by human encroachment.
Nucleophosmin Phosphorylation as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Target for Ischemic AKI

Background Ischemic AKI lacks a urinary marker for early diagnosis and an effective therapy. Differential nucleophosmin (NPM) phosphorylation is a potential early marker of ischemic renal cell injury and a therapeutic target.Methods Differential NPM phosphorylation was assessed by mass spectrometry in NPM harvested from murine and human primary renal epithelial cells, fresh kidney tissue, and urine before and after ischemic injury. The biologic behavior and toxicity of NPM was assessed using phospho-NPM mutant proteins that either mimic stress-induced or normal NPM phosphorylation. Peptides designed to interfere with NPM function were used to explore NPM as a therapeutic target.Results Within hours of stress, virtually identical phosphorylation changes were detected at distinct serine/threonine sites in NPM harvested from primary renal cells, tissue, and urine. A phosphomimic NPM protein that replicated phosphorylation under stress localized to the cytosol, formed monomers that interacted with Bax, a cell death protein, coaccumulated with Bax in isolated mitochondria, and significantly increased cell death after stress; wild-type NPM or a phosphomimic NPM with a normal phosphorylation configuration did not. Three renal targeted peptides designed to interfere with NPM at distinct functional sites significantly protected against cell death, and a single dose of one peptide administered several hours after ischemia that would be lethal in untreated mice significantly reduced AKI severity and improved survival.Conclusions These findings establish phosphorylated NPM as a potential early marker of ischemic AKI that links early diagnosis with effective therapeutic interventions.
Chapter 9: Will PETE survive in the 21st century?

Physical education teacher education is at a “tipping point” in history, where the survivability of the profession in many institutions of higher education may be in question. This monograph reflec...
Co-registered photoacoustic and ultrasound real-time imaging of colorectal cancer: ex-vivo studies

Colorectal cancer is the second most common malignancy diagnosed globally. Critical need exists for imaging and diagnosis of rectal tumors for both staging and therapeutic response evaluations. We have conducted a pilot study to image and characterize colorectal masses using a real-time co-registered photoacoustic (PAT) and ultrasound (US) system. A total of 8 tissue samples including pre- and post-treatment colorectal cancer, polyps have studied. Four different wavelengths (730, 780, 800, 830 nm) were used to illuminate the sample and a scanning stage was used to scan a large area and obtain a sequence of B-scans. For the pre-treatment colorectal cancer, photoacoustic images have shown significantly higher vascular level than neighbor benign regions of the same sample. The pre-treatment colorectal cancer PAT signal level is also higher than polyps and post-treatment colorectal cancer. Additionally, the quantitative features extracted from PAT and US power spectrum such as spectral slope, mid-band fit and zero MHz intercept have shown statistical significance between pre-treatment colorectal cancer and other 3 categories using t-test. Our initial results have demonstrated that PAT/US has a great potential to reveal tumor angiogenesis development or residual tumors after treatment.
Developmental programming: Changes in mediators of insulin sensitivity in prenatal bisphenol A-treated female sheep.

Abstract Developmental exposure to endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA) is associated with metabolic defects during adulthood. In sheep, prenatal BPA treatment causes insulin resistance (IR) and adipocyte hypertrophy in the female offspring. To determine if changes in insulin sensitivity mediators (increase in inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipotoxicity and/or decrease in adiponectin) and the intracrine steroidal milieu contributes to these metabolic perturbations, metabolic tissues collected from 21-month-old female offspring born to mothers treated with 0, 0.05, 0.5, or 5 mg/kg/day of BPA were studied. Findings showed prenatal BPA in non-monotonic manner (1) increased oxidative stress; (2) induced lipotoxicity in liver and muscle; and (3) increased aromatase and estrogen receptor expression in visceral adipose tissues. These changes are generally associated with the development of peripheral and tissue level IR and may explain the IR status and adipocyte hypertrophy observed in prenatal BPA-treated female sheep.
Implications for the Future

This chapter concludes the book and provides a summary and analysis of the chapters as well as implications for pursuing dual language education. The authors call the readers to recognize that dual language education is a social justice-oriented reform movement grounded in research that can powerfully impact students, educators, families, and communities.
Patients with lower extremity dialysis access have poor primary patency and survival.

Abstract Objective Lower extremity arteriovenous (AV) access is an alternative when upper extremity access options have been exhausted. Our goal was to assess short- and medium-term outcomes of lower extremity hemodialysis access. Methods The Vascular Quality Initiative was reviewed for all lower extremity AV hemodialysis cases. Patient and case details were recorded. Multivariable analysis was used to analyze outcomes. Results We identified 463 lower extremity AV access cases in the VQI registry. There were 56 AVF (12.1%) and 407 AVG (87.9%). The mean age was 56 ± 15 years, 46.9% were male, and 40.7% were Caucasian. The majority (90%) had a previous upper extremity AV access and 25.4% had a prior lower extremity access. More than one-half (57.9%) had a tunneled line at the time of the procedure. Patients undergoing an AVF vs AVG creation were younger, more often ambulatory, and less often with peripheral arterial disease. For AVF, the superficial femoral artery was more often used for access inflow (76.8% vs 49.4%; P Conclusions In our contemporary multicenter analysis, patients undergoing lower extremity AV access creation have low primary access patency and almost 20% mortality at 1 year. These results should be considered when suggesting a lower extremity dialysis access, as well as other dialysis alternatives when available.
Segmented Foil SEM Grids at Fermilab

We present recent beam data from a new design of a profile monitor for proton beams at Fermilab. The monitors, consisting of grids of segmented Ti foils 5micrometers thick, are secondary-electron emission monitors (SEM's). We review data on the device's precision on beam centroid position, beam width, and on beam loss associated with the SEM material placed in the beam.
Isolation of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from entomopathogenic nematode-insect host relationship to examine bacterial pathogenicity on Trichoplusia ni

Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from infected pupae of Galleria mellonella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora hosted within the pupae of G. mellonella. Insect consumption and surface application of P. aeruginosa resulted in 83.33% and 81.66% mortality of Trichoplusia ni larvae, respectively. In contrast, 50% mortality was shown when T. ni larvae were fed with K. pneumoniae, and no larvae were killed when applying the bacterium to the larval cuticle. This report shows that two opportunistic human pathogens found in the insect-nematode ecosystem could kill insect pests.
Effects of composition and morphology on the hydrogen storage properties of transition metal hydrides: Insights from PtPd nanoclusters

Abstract Transition metal hydride nanoparticles are promising hydrogen storage materials as they store and release hydrogen at near-ambient conditions. Their storage capacities can be modulated by adjusting their size, shape, morphology, and composition. It is however unclear why these factors influence hydrogen storage properties. Here, we present a first-principles study on six 55-atom PtPd nanoclusters to elucidate the effects of nanoparticle morphology and composition on the hydrogen storage characteristics of small nanoclusters. We employ the cluster expansion methodology to analyze how the spatial distribution and energetics of hydrogen adsorption and absorption evolve as a function of hydrogen loading. Our results reveal that at near-ambient pressures and above, hydrogen is actively stored in both the surface—top sites on Pt, and bridge sites on Pd—and the subsurface. The hydrogen storage capacity is controlled by the binding strength of hydrogen, itself influenced by two factors: i) the interaction energy between hydrogen atoms, which dictates how binding strength varies with increasing loading; and ii) the intrinsic binding affinity of a metal cluster for hydrogen, which dictates the magnitude of the nearly-uniform offsets in binding strength across all hydrogen loadings. Bimetallic clusters with alloyed shells and core-shell morphologies modulate these factors by tuning the distribution of hydrogen binding strengths on the surface and subsurface respectively. We shed light on the factors that affect hydrogen storage in clusters and provide insights for the rational design of metal clusters with maximal hydrogen storage capacities.
Rotation of Dielectric Bodies in Electrostatic Fields

REFERRING to the letters by the late Dr. S. W. Richardson and by Mr. G. L. Addenbrooke in NATURE of Feb. 12 and Mar. 12 respectively on the rotation of dielectric bodies in electrostatic fields, the following may be of interest.
The microbiome and gynaecological cancer development, prevention and therapy

The female reproductive tract (FRT), similar to other mucosal sites, harbours a site-specific microbiome, which has an essential role in maintaining health and homeostasis. In the majority of women of reproductive age, the microbiota of the lower FRT (vagina and cervix) microenvironment is dominated by Lactobacillus species, which benefit the host through symbiotic relationships. By contrast, the upper FRT (uterus, Fallopian tubes and ovaries) might be sterile in healthy individuals or contain a low-biomass microbiome with a diverse mixture of microorganisms. When dysbiosis occurs, altered immune and metabolic signalling can affect hallmarks of cancer, including chronic inflammation, epithelial barrier breach, changes in cellular proliferation and apoptosis, genome instability, angiogenesis and metabolic dysregulation. These pathophysiological changes might lead to gynaecological cancer. Emerging evidence shows that genital dysbiosis and/or specific bacteria might have an active role in the development and/or progression and metastasis of gynaecological malignancies, such as cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancers, through direct and indirect mechanisms, including modulation of oestrogen metabolism. Cancer therapies might also alter microbiota at sites throughout the body. Reciprocally, microbiota composition can influence the efficacy and toxic effects of cancer therapies, as well as quality of life following cancer treatment. Modulation of the microbiome via probiotics or microbiota transplant might prove useful in improving responsiveness to cancer treatment and quality of life. Elucidating these complex host-microbiome interactions, including the crosstalk between distal and local sites, will translate into interventions for prevention, therapeutic efficacy and toxic effects to enhance health outcomes for women with gynaecological cancers.
An Exploration of Mission Concepts That Could Utilize Small RPS

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Radioisotope Power Systems (RPS) Program Mission Analysis Team at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) requested a JPL Innovation Foundry Arc...
Hopf Solitons in Helical and Conical Backgrounds of Chiral Magnetic Solids

Three-dimensional topological solitons attract a great deal of interest in fields ranging from particle physics to cosmology, but remain experimentally elusive in solid-state magnets. Here we numerically predict magnetic heliknotons, an embodiment of such nonzero-Hopf-index solitons localized in all spatial dimensions while embedded in a helical or conical background of chiral magnets. We describe conditions under which heliknotons emerge as metastable or ground-state localized nonsingular structures with fascinating knots of magnetization field in widely studied materials. We demonstrate magnetic control of three-dimensional spatial positions of such solitons, as well as show how they interact to form moleculelike clusters and possibly even crystalline phases comprising three-dimensional lattices of such solitons with both orientational and positional order. Finally, we discuss both fundamental importance and potential technological utility of magnetic heliknotons.
Utilizing ACT daily as a self-guided app for clients waiting for services at a college counseling center: A pilot study

Objective: Considering increasing demands for mental health services at college counseling centers (CCCs), there is a need for cost-effective solutions that avoid depleting stressed CCC resources. ...
Sufficient conditions for satisfaction of formulas with until operators in hybrid systems

In this paper, we introduce tools to verify the satisfaction of temporal logic specifications using the until operator for hybrid dynamical systems. Hybrid dynamical systems are given in terms of differential and difference inclusions, which capture the continuous and discrete dynamics (or events), respectively. For such systems, conditional invariance and eventual conditional invariance are employed to characterize dynamical properties associated with the until operators. Sufficient conditions for the satisfaction of temporal logic specifications involving the until operator are provided by guaranteeing properties of the data defining the systems and the existence of barrier functions or Lyapunov-like functions. Examples illustrate the results throughout the paper.
Striving for Inclusive Excellence in the Recruitment of Diverse Surgical Residents During COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically altered the 2020 residency application cycle and resulted in many changes to the usual application processes. Particular attention should be placed on the obstacles faced by applicants who are underrepresented in medicine (URiM) as they may be disproportionately affected by the changes in 2020. These challenges are especially relevant in competitive surgical specialties, where racial and gender diversity already lags behind other medical specialties. Inclusive excellence is a guiding philosophy in creating equitable resident selection processes. It focuses on the multilayered processes that form the foundation of inclusive institutional culture, while recognizing that excellence and inclusivity are mutually reinforcing and not mutually exclusive.A key tenant in inclusive excellence for resident recruiting involves applying an equity lens in all decision making. An equity lens allows programs to continuously evaluate resident selection policies and processes through an intentional equity-forward approach. In addition to using an equity lens, programs should emphasize the importance of equity-focused skill building, which ensures that all individuals engaged in the resident selection process have the tools and knowledge to recognize biases. Finally, institutions should implement specific programming for URiM applicants to provide them with information about key aspects of department culture and mechanisms of support for URiM trainees.Every residency program should adopt a sustained perspective of inclusive excellence, in this application cycle and beyond. The status quo has existed for far too long, and COVID-19 offers institutions and their residency programs a unique opportunity to try new and innovative equity-forward practices.
Understanding the relationship between negative emotional eating and binge eating: The moderating effects of acting with awareness and non-reactive mindfulness.

Objectives Negative emotional eating and binge eating are positively related, occur in diverse populations, and may be driven by similar mechanisms. Mindfulness facets such as acting with awareness, describe, non-judgement, non-reactive, and observe may moderate the relationship between these maladaptive eating phenotypes. Method A cross-sectional study assessed emotional eating-depression (Emotional Eating Scale-Revised, depression subscale), trait mindfulness facets (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire-Short Form), and binge eating severity (Binge Eating Scale) in adults (N = 258). Results Emotional eating-depression was less strongly associated with binge eating severity in participants with higher acting with awareness mindfulness. Emotional eating-depression was more strongly associated with binge eating severity in participants with higher non-reactive mindfulness. Conclusions Acting with awareness and non-reactive mindfulness may be important treatment targets in concurrent presentations of emotional eating-depression and binge eating.
A Rational basis for the prevention of parturient paresis

Although several regimes have been reported which successfully reduce the incidence of parturient paresis, a program which is both universally acceptable and successful has not yet emerged. In this paper fundamental aspects of the syndrome will be discussed aiming to improve management practices through a better understanding of the basic processes involved in the disease