cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of aerobic exercise on anxiety sensitivity

Anxiety sensitivity is a known precursor to panic attacks and panic disorder, and involves the misinterpretation of anxiety-related sensations. Aerobic exercise has been shown to reduce generalized anxiety, and may also reduce anxiety sensitivity through exposure to feared physiological sensations. Accordingly, 54 participants with elevated anxiety sensitivity scores completed six 20-min treadmill exercise sessions at either a high-intensity aerobic (n=29) or low-intensity (n=25) level. Self-ratings of anxiety sensitivity, fear of physiological sensations associated with anxiety, and generalized anxiety were obtained at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and one-week follow-up. Results indicated that both high- and low-intensity exercise reduced anxiety sensitivity. However, high-intensity exercise caused more rapid reductions in a global measure of anxiety sensitivity and produced more treatment responders than low-intensity exercise. Only high-intensity exercise reduced fear of anxiety-related bodily sensations. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Degradation, Fatigue, and Failure of Resin Dental Composite Materials

The intent of this article is to review the numerous factors that affect the mechanical properties of particle- or fiber-filler-containing indirect dental resin composite materials. The focus will be on the effects of degradation due to aging in different media, mainly water and water and ethanol, cyclic loading, and mixed-mode loading on flexure strength and fracture toughness. Several selected papers will be examined in detail with respect to mixed and cyclic loading, and 3D tomography with multi-axial compression specimens. The main cause of failure, for most dental resin composites, is the breakdown of the resin matrix and/or the interface between the filler and the resin matrix. In clinical studies, it appears that failure in the first 5 years is a restoration issue (technique or material selection); after that time period, failure most often results from secondary decay.
Phase I trials of WR-2721 and cis-platinum.

Abstract WR-2721 is a sulfhydryl compound which in the animal model improves renal tolerance to cis-platinum (DDP) by factors of 1.3 to 1.7. Phase I trials were initiated to establish the toxicity and dose modification factors when WR-2721 was given prior to escalating doses of DDP. Nineteen patients received 27 courses of WR-2721 (450–910 mg/m 2 ) 20 minutes prior to DDP (50–120 mg/m 2 ). Patients were prehydrated, but no mannitol or other diuretics were administered. Mild, transient nephrotoxicity was observed in only 2 of 15 courses of DDP 80–100 mg/m 2 when WR-2721 was given prior to DDP. Although 5 of 9 patients treated with WR-2721 prior to 120 mg/m 2 of DDP developed transient nephrotoxicity, their serum creatinines returned to normal baseline values within 1 to 2 weeks. Subsequently, the protocol was modified to include mannitol diuresis. Thirty-four courses of WR-2721 (740 mg/m 2 ) prior to DDP 120–150 mg/m2 with mannitol diuresis were administered. Biweekly serum creatinine and monthly creatinine clearances have remained normal in all patients treated with 120 mg/m 2 of platinum and WR-2721. Four of 10 patients treated with 150 mg/m 2 of cis-platinum experienced transient nephrotoxicity 5–7 days after treatment. Mild ototoxicity was noted in 4 patients following 150 mg/m 2 of DDP. WR-2721 does not appear to protect against the antitumor efficacy of DDP, as 57% of all patients achieved objective partial responses, lasting 1+ to 7+ months. Partial responses occurred in 34 (75%) of patients with melanoma and 710 (70%) patients with cancer of the head and neck. Compared to retrospective series, our data suggest that WR-2721 may provide some protection against platinum-induced nephrotoxicity, but the dose modification factors remain to be established.
Discrete diffraction and solitons in light-induced Bessel-like photonic lattices

We report the first experimental demonstration of ring-shaped Bessel-like photonic lattices and rotary solitons in such lattices. Transition from discrete diffraction to single-channel linear guidance or nonlinear self-waveguiding is clearly observed.
Model-independent nonlinear control algorithm with application to a liquid bridge experiment

We present a control method for high-dimensional nonlinear dynamical systems that can target remote unstable states without {ital a priori} knowledge of the underlying dynamical equations. The algorithm constructs a high-dimensional look-up table based on the system{close_quote}s responses to a sequence of random perturbations. The method is demonstrated by stabilizing unstable flow of a liquid bridge surface-tension-driven convection experiment that models the float zone refining process. Control of the dynamics is achieved by heating or cooling two thermoelectric Peltier devices placed in the vicinity of the liquid bridge surface. The algorithm routines along with several example programs written in the MATLAB language can be found at ftp://ftp.mathworks.com/pub/contrib/v5/control/nlcontrol. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
Travelling wave model of a multimode Fabry-Perot laser in free running and external cavity configurations

We report the results of a numerical study of multimode behaviour of a Fabry-Perot laser. The model is based on travelling-wave equations for the slowly varying amplitudes of the counterpropagating waves in the cavity, coupled to equations for spatially dependent population inversion and polarization of a two-level active medium. Variations in the material variables on the scale of a wavelength are taken into account by means of an expansion in a Fourier series. Results are given for typical semiconductor laser parameters. Spatially distributed spontaneous emission noise and carrier diffusion are taken into account. The competing roles of spatial hole burning (SHE), spontaneous emission noise, and carrier diffusion in determining multimode behaviour are elucidated; with no carrier diffusion, spontaneous emission noise excites a large number of modes close to threshold, while SHE leads to a fixed number of significant lasing modes well above threshold. Carrier diffusion washes out the gratings in the material variables, and the resulting strengthening of the inter-mode coupling (cross-saturation) restores dominant single-mode emission well above threshold. We have also studied the effects of optical feedback and opportunities for mode selection with short external cavities; for an external cavity much shorter than the laser cavity length and a small field amplitude reflectivity coefficient, a single mode can be selected. For a large reflectivity coefficient, two groups of intracavity modes separated by the external cavity mode interspacing are selected. For an external cavity with a round trip time half that of the laser cavity, the laser can be forced with modest feedback to operate on two modes that are both quasiresonant with the external cavity. Mode selection is not found, even for weak feedback, when the external mode spacing is about 90% of the laser mode spacing.
Quantum Phase Transitions of Metals in Two Spatial Dimensions: II. Spin density Wave Order

We present a field-theoretic renormalization group analysis of Abanov and Chubukov's model of the spin density wave transition in two dimensional metals. We identify the independent field scale and coupling constant renormalizations in a local field theory and argue that the damping constant of spin density wave fluctuations tracks the renormalization of the local couplings. The divergences at two-loop order overdetermine the renormalization constants and are shown to be consistent with our renormalization scheme. We describe the physical consequences of our renormalization-group equations, including the breakdown of Fermi liquid behavior near the ``hot spots'' on the Fermi surface. In particular, we find that the dynamical critical exponent $z$ receives corrections to its mean-field value $z=2$. At higher orders in the loop expansion, we find infrared singularities similar to those found by Lee [Phys. Rev. B 80, 165102 (2009)] for the problem of a Fermi surface coupled to a gauge field. A treatment of these singularities implies that an expansion in $1∕N$ (where $N$ is the number of fermion flavors) fails for the present problem. We also discuss the renormalization of the pairing vertex and find an enhancement which scales as logarithm squared of the energy scale. A similar enhancement is also found for a modulated bond order which is locally an Ising-nematic order.
Induction of testosterone biotransformation enzymes following oral administration of methyl tert-butyl ether to male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is an oxygenated fuel additive used to decrease carbon monoxide emissions during gasoline combustion. In the current study, we investigated the hypothesis that the MTBE-induced decrease in serum testosterone levels in male rats may be due in part to the ability of MTBE to induce the metabolism of endogenous testosterone and hence enhance its clearance. Nine-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged with 250, 500, 1000, or 1500 mg MTBE/kg/day in corn oil or corn oil alone for 15 or 28 consecutive days. Increased relative liver weight (10 ‐14%) and minimal-to-moderate centrilobular hypertrophy were observed in rats treated with 1000 and 1500 mg MTBE/kg/day (high doses) for 28 days. Total hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) was increased 1.3-fold in the high-dose, 15-day-treated rats. An evaluation of specific CYP activities using selective markers demonstrated a 2.0-fold increase in CYP2B1/2 in rats treated with 1000 mg MTBE/kg/day for 28 days, and with 1500 mg MTBE/kg/day for 15 and 28 days (6.5- and 2.9-fold, respectively). CYP1A1/2, CYP2A1, and CYP2E1 activities were increased 1.5-, 2.4-, and 2.3-fold, respectively, in high-dose, 15day-treated rats. CYP2E1 was also increased in high-dose, 28-daytreated rats (2.0-fold). CYP3A1/2 was increased 2.1-fold and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity 1.7-fold in high-dose, 28day-treated rats. MTBE also induced its own metabolism 2.1-fold in high-dose, 28-day-treated rats. Results indicate that MTBE induces selected enzymes involved in testosterone metabolism. The decrease in serum testosterone observed following MTBE administration may be the result of enhanced testosterone metabolism and subsequent clearance.
Household, Parent, and Child Contributions to Childhood Obesity*

Ongoing increases in adult and child obesity have become a serious public health concern. The current study of 65 parent-child pairs uses parent-completed surveys and child Body Mass Index (BMI) to portray the potential family processes that put children at risk and to illustrate the household environment, parenting beliefs, and child characteristics of obese and non-obese children. Results suggest that efforts to curb childhood obesity should address improving parent knowledge of child nutrition and reducing child television viewing.
Revitalizing professional communications: The Internet challenge

New and potential Internet users are introduced to useful network tools and resources. The focus is on how the Internet continues to revitalize professional communications. Emphasis is on clearing access hurdles, the advantages of specialized indexing services, and the use of applications software that fosters user-friendly interactive searching and expeditions file transfers. Underscored are basic search and retrieval strategies, alternative routes to similar information, techniques for successfully applying the full-range of TCP/IP protocols, and timesaving navigational shortcuts.
Postoperative hyperglycemia after 4- vs 8-10-mg dexamethasone for postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis in patients with type II diabetes mellitus: a retrospective database analysis.

Abstract Study objective The study objective is to compare change in postoperative blood glucose from preoperative values in patients with type II diabetes mellitus receiving 4- or 8-10-mg dexamethasone for postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis. Design This is a retrospective database study. Setting The setting is at an academic university medical center. Patients There are 1037 adult patients, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-IV, with type II diabetes mellitus, undergoing elective surgery between January 1, 2006, and March 31, 2012, and who were hospitalized for at least 24 hours. Interventions The interventions are dexamethasone 4 or 8-10 mg for postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis. Measurements Age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, height, weight, body mass index, surgery date, type and duration of surgery, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) within 180 days of surgery, type of anesthesia, preoperative blood glucose in the preoperative holding area, maximum blood glucose in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and first 24 hours postoperatively, and insulin requirements intraoperatively and in PACU. Main results In unadjusted analysis, the 8-10-mg dose was associated with greater (mean ± SD) increase in blood glucose compared with the 4-mg dose in PACU (58 ± 50 vs 43 ± 45 mg/dL, P P P P P P P P P P = .04), and neurosurgical procedures ( P = .02). This model estimates the increase in postoperative glucose to be 25 mg/dL higher over 24 hours with dexamethasone 8-10 mg than with 4 mg (95% confidence limits, 18-32 mg/dL). Conclusions Dexamethasone 8-10 mg is associated with a significantly greater perioperative increase in blood glucose compared with a 4-mg dose.
The Hippo pathway effectors TAZ and YAP in development, homeostasis and disease

Studies over the past 20 years have defined the Hippo signaling pathway as a major regulator of tissue growth and organ size. Diverse roles for the Hippo pathway have emerged, the majority of which in vertebrates are determined by the transcriptional regulators TAZ and YAP (TAZ/YAP). Key processes regulated by TAZ/YAP include the control of cell proliferation, apoptosis, movement and fate. Accurate control of the levels and localization of these factors is thus essential for early developmental events, as well as for tissue homeostasis, repair and regeneration. Recent studies have revealed that TAZ/YAP activity is regulated by mechanical and cytoskeletal cues as well as by various extracellular factors. Here, I provide an overview of these and other regulatory mechanisms and outline important developmental processes controlled by TAZ and YAP.
Biology of primate relaxin: A paracrine signal in early pregnancy?

Relaxin is a peptide hormone that exerts numerous effects in a variety of tissues across a broad range of species. Although first identified more than 75 years ago interest in relaxin biology has waxed and waned over the years consistent with peaks and troughs of new experimental data on its wide-ranging biological effects and advances in relaxin enabling technologies. Recent insights into species-dependent differences in relaxin biology during pregnancy have once again stimulated a relative surge of interest in the study of relaxin's reproductive biology. Identification and pharmacological characterization of orphaned relaxin receptors and exploration of its paracrine effects on pregnancy using genomic and proteomic technologies have succeeded in fueling current interest in relaxin research. Primates and non-primate vertebrates exhibit very disparate profiles of relaxin genomics, proteomics and functional biology. Non-human primates appear to exhibit a very close similarity to humans with respect to relaxin reproductive biology but the similarities and subtle differences are only just beginning to be understood. We, and others, have shown that relaxin produces significant changes to the non-human primate endometrium during the peri-implantation period that are consistent with relaxin's long perceived role as a paracrine modulator of pregnancy. The purpose of this review is to summarize the reproductive biology of relaxin in non-human primates with a specific emphasis on the paracrine role of ovarian and endometrial relaxin during embryo implantation and early pregnancy.
Staff Perceptions of an On-site Clinical Pharmacist Program in an Academic Emergency Department after One Year

Introduction: Emergency department clinical pharmacists (EPh) serve a relatively new clinical role in emergency medicine. New EPh may still face barriers prior to working in the emergency department (ED), including staff acceptance. We aimed to assess staff perceptions of a university hospital EPh program 1 year after implementation. Methods: We sent an electronic survey consisting of 7 multiple-choice questions, 17 5-point Likert-scale questions, and 1 free-text comment section to ED providers and nurses. The qualitatively validated survey assessed staff’s general perceptions of the EPh and their clinical work. Results: We received responses from 14 attending physicians, 34 emergency medicine residents, 5 mid-level providers, and 51 nurses (80% response rate). Overall, the ED staff strongly supported the presence of an EPh. All of the respondents consulted the EPh at least once in their previous 5 ED shifts. Most respondents (81%) felt the EPh’s availability for general consultation and aid during resuscitations served as the major contribution to medication and patient safety. The participants also expressed that they were more likely to consult a pharmacist when they were located in the ED, as opposed to having to call the main pharmacy. Conclusion: The EPh model of practice at our institution provides valuable perceived benefit to ED providers. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(2):205–210.]
An interactive flexible inverted pendulum modeling, simulation, animation, and real-time (MoSART) control environment for enhancing control design

environments which revolutionize systems and controls analysis, design, research, and education. The This paper describes the application of the Model- authors have exploited these technologies to develop ing, Simulation, Animation, and Real-Time Control several system-specific environments for a variety of (MoSART) Flezible Inverted Pendulum Environment systems [l], (31, [4], [5], [61. to the study of rigid link approximations to the flexible invcrted pendulum. The MoSART environment ,-.ontributions of work, ~h~~ paper denionstrates is used to visualize the system dynamics of different how inexpensive state-of-the-art pc may rigid link models and to evaluate the performance of be combined to develop high quality M~SA~T control systems. Controller designs for simpler rigid vironnlents which are useful for enhancing the rependulums o' fewer Hexible modes be applied t' search and education process. Specifically, this paper pendulum models including additional Heaible modes describes a pc/windows 95/98/~~/2000/~~ / viin order to investigate the limitation of controller sual C++/MATLAB, Simulink.based M~SART plezdesign. Additionally, these rigid link models allow ibk Inverted Pendulum E~~~~~~~~~~ comparison to approximation techniques for infinite ment Dermits control svstem researcher and students dimensional system models of flexible inverted pen- to analyae, design, and visualize the performance of dulums. The inverted electromechanical systems under control via real-time Pendulum Envaronnient is a valuable tool for enhanc- faster-than-real.time animation, ing both research and education. Through a user-friendly graphical interface, users
Multiuser Transmit Beamforming Design for SINR Maximization in Cooperative MIMO Systems

Multiusermultiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems are considered in this paper. Increasing interest in cooperative communication has made it of great significance to explore howto utilize, at multiple transmitters, the full multiuser channel state information, which is the collection of the channel state information between each of the users and the base station. Thus, we continue our research on uplink transmit beamforming design for multiple users inMIMO systems, assuming complete cooperation among users such that the full multiuser channel state information is known not only to the receiver but also to all the transmitters. We propose an algorithm for designing optimal beamforming weights in terms of maximizing the signal-to-interference-noise ratio (SINR). Through statistical modelling, we decouple the original mathematically intractable optimization problem and achieved a closed-form solution. As in our previous work, the minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) receiver with ordered successive interference cancellation (SIC) is adopted for multiuser detection. The proposed scheme is compared with the jointly optimized transceiver design and our previously proposed eigen-beamforming algorithm. Simulation results demonsrate that our algorithm, with much less computational burden than the jointly optimized approach, accomplishes either almost the same or even better performance than the jointly optimized transceiver for various MIMO channels, and always works better than our previously proposed algorithm.
A coordination chemistry dichotomy for icosahedral carborane-based ligands

Rather than tuning metal–ligand interactions using carbon-based substituents, the effect of icosahedral carborane moieties — boron-rich clusters — on the coordination chemistry of phosphine–thioether ligands has been investigated. Depending on the positional attachment of the sulfur atom, the carboranes acted as either strong electron-withdrawing or strong electron-donating substituents.
How a Java VM can get more from a hardware performance monitor

This paper describes our sampling-based profiler that exploits a processor's HPM (Hardware Performance Monitor) to collect information on running Java applications for use by the Java VM. Our profiler provides two novel features: Java-level event profiling and lightweight context-sensitive event profiling. For Java events, we propose new techniques to leverage the sampling facility of the HPM to generate object creation profiles and lock activity profiles. The HPM sampling is the key to achieve a smaller overhead compared to profilers that do not rely on hardware helps. To sample the object creations with the HPM, which can only sample hardware events such as executed instructions or cache misses, we correlate the object creations with the store instructions for Java object headers. For the lock activity profile, we introduce an instrumentation-based technique, called ProbeNOP, which uses a special NOP instruction whose executions are counted by the HPM. For the context-sensitive event profiling, we propose a new technique called CallerChaining, which detects the calling context of HPM events based on the call stack depth (the value of the stack frame pointer). We show that it can detect the calling contexts in many programs including a large commercial application. Our proposed techniques enable both programmers and runtime systems to get more valuable information from the HPM to understand and optimize the programs without adding significant runtime overhead.
Effect of Nocturnal Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Blood Pressure in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a very common risk factor for hypertension, and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has been widely used to treat OSA. We conducted a meta-analysis of random...
Social Theory Across Disciplinary Boundaries: Cultural Studies and Sociology

This essay proposes that sociology can learn from social theory developed in the humanities. In the face of recent challenges to sociological explanations of social outcomes (from rational choice and economic theory, cognitive psychological theories of intelligence, and communitarian social philosophy), social theory should specify the constitutive force of social signification. After identifying a key weakness in theoretical approaches currently available in sociology, the inadequacy of various conceptions of the social, I analyze three significant new works in cultural studies in order to sketch out alternative ways of defining and measuring the force of social signification. The essay concludes with an attempt to establish the basis of a dialogue between cultural studies and sociology.
A mechanical comparison of first metatarsal diaphyseal osteotomies for the correction of hallux abducto valgus

The purpose of this study was to perform a mechanical comparison of four commonly performed diaphyseal first metatarsal osteotomies. Fifty first metatarsal-first cuneiform sawbone models were divided equally into five groups: control, offset V, inverted Z, Mau, and Ludloff osteotomy groups. All osteotomies were fixated with two 2.7-mm Synthes cortical screws. Each specimen was then stressed through a computer-controlled hydraulic tensile testing machine while recording the maximum load, energy, stiffness, and fracture pattern. The offset V was superior in terms of maximum load (137.8 N) and energy (0.86 J), as compared to the inverted Z (maximum load 74.7 N and energy 0.24 J), the Mau (maximum load 74.3 N and energy 0.15 J), and the Ludloff (maximum load 67.0 N and energy 0.32 J). The offset V (16.6 N/mm) demonstrated no significant difference in stiffness with the Mau (19.7 N/mm), and was stiffer to the inverted Z (14.4 N/mm) and the Ludloff (9.4 N/mm). We conclude that one could expect a safer and immediate return to weightbearing postoperatively with the offset V osteotomy as compared to the inverted Z, Mau, and Ludloff osteotomies.
Variability in language recovery after first-time stroke

Background: Predicting aphasia recovery after stroke has been difficult due to substantial variability in outcomes. Few studies have characterised the nature and extent of recovery, beginning with baselines at 24–72 hours after stroke onset. Aim: To characterise the course of language recovery after first-time stroke. Methods: Using our Performance and Recovery in Stroke Study (PARIS) database, we evaluated consecutive first-time stroke patients with aphasia and diffusion-weighted-image-positive lesions on admission and at 90 days. Results: Twenty-two of 91 patients had language disorders. Initial syndrome scores were positively correlated with 90-day scores (r = 0.60) and negatively correlated with the change in score from baseline to follow-up (r = −0.66). Neither lesion size, age nor education correlated with initial syndrome severity or with performance at 90 days. Level of education was not associated with degree of recovery. A multiple regression model that combined lesion size, age and initial syndrome was significant (p = 0.03) but only explained 29% of the variance. Patients with severe deficits at baseline in individual language domains could recover, improve to a less severe deficit or not improve at all. Conclusion: There was significant variability in language recovery after first-time stroke, even in more severe, initial syndromes. Traditional predictors of post-stroke language outcomes did not reliably predict function at 90 days. These data suggest that other factors that account for functional stroke recovery have not yet been identified.
A new approach to making thin film head-slider devices

A horizontal head processing approach is described in which the air bearing layer and head elements are deposited on a substrate wafer, and then a slider-body wafer is attached to the overcoated head elements by field-assisted bonding. Electrical contacts are made to the head elements through performed vias in the slider-body wafer. The original substrate wafer is etched away to expose the air bearing surface, which then has slider features such as leading edge steps, negative pressure pockets, and rail definitions wet-etched into it. Terminal metallurgy and solder balls are deposited on top of the resulting wafer, which is then diced into individual sliders. Self-loading, mechanical-only sliders (not containing head elements) were made by this approach and successfully flow and start-stop tested. A method for making submicron write-read gaps by direct write electron-beam and reactive ion etching to form a photoresist fence about which Permalloy pole pieces are plated was demonstrated, and a similar method for making gaps filled with hard carbon fences is proposed. A novel magnetoresistive read structure is described. >
Redesign of the LMST Wireless Sensor Protocol through Formal Modeling and Statistical Model Checking

The local minimum spanning tree (LMST) topology control protocol tries to maintain connectivity in an ad-hoc wireless sensor network while minimizing power consumption and maximizing data bandwidth. Our formal, statistical model checking analysis of LMST under realistic deployment conditions shows that the invariant of maintaining network connectivity is easily lost. We then propose a formally-based system redesign methodology in which quantitative temporal logic formulas and further statistical model checking can be used to identify the causes of bugs, and to reach a correct system redesign. We show this methodology effective in the redesign of a version of LMST that ensures network connectivity under realistic deployment conditions.
Risk-based cost-benefit analysis for security assessment problems

Decision-makers want to perform risk-based cost-benefit prioritization of security investments. However, strong nonlinearities in the most common physical security performance metric make it difficult to use for cost-benefit analysis. This paper extends the definition of risk for security applications and embodies this definition in a new but related security risk metric based on the degree of difficulty an adversary will encounter to successfully execute the most advantageous attack scenario. This metric is compatible with traditional cost-benefit optimization algorithms, and can lead to an objective risk-based cost-benefit method for security investment option prioritization. It also enables decision-makers to more effectively communicate the justification for their investment decisions with stakeholders and funding authorities.
Role of Thyroid Hormones in Hepatic Effects of Peroxisome Proliferators

Peroxisome proliferators are endocrine disrupting chemicals that cause liver tumors in rodents but not humans. Although the receptor that mediates key hepatic effects, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR- ), and its endogenous ligands have been identie ed, the mechanism whereby these commonly used chemicals cause liver tumors in rodents has yet to be elucidated. Species differences in PPAR- and DNA response elements may explain some of the variability in response upon exposure to peroxisome proliferators. The possibility that thyroid-modulating effects of peroxisome proliferators may contribute to the hepatic effects of peroxisome proliferators has yet to be fully explored. When the potent peroxisome proliferator, WY-14,643, was given to hypothyroid rats, there was a blunting of the hepatomegaly and hepatocyte proliferative responses seen in thyroid-intact animals. Acyl-CoA oxidase activity was unaltered by changes in thyroid hormone status. In addition, preliminary evidence indicates that peroxisome proliferators increased hepatic thyroid receptor (TR 1) expression, but TR 1 levels in liver tumors were similar to those in unexposed animals. Signie cant differences between humans and rodents with respect to thyroid hormone physiology and metabolism, in conjunction with the results of these studies, may be indicative of yet another mechanism to explain differential sensitivity to hepatic effects of peroxisome proliferators.
MOHAWKIAN (UPPER ORDOVICIAN) CONODONTS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA AND BALTOSCANDIA

A collection of 57,877 conodont elements that includes 39 species representing 30 genera was made from the upper part of the Phragmodus undatus Zone and the lower part of the Plectodina tenuis Zone (late Turinian–early Chatfieldian). Conodont samples were collected from 30 sections in eastern North America and Baltoscandia, where the P. undatus–P. tenuis Zone boundary projects into B. alobatus Subzone based on K-bentonite bed correlation. Elements previously assigned to form-species of Oistodus are shown to be apparatus associates in coniform apparatuses of Besselodus. Pseudobelodina manitoulinensis new species is described and the apparatus-based taxonomy of Scyphiodus primus and Staufferella polonica are proposed.
United Dominion and the Consolidated Return Regulations

This report reviews issues raised by United Dominion Indus. Inc. v. United States, in which the Supreme Court for the first time in 67 years will deal with the federal tax treatment of consolidated groups. The case considers the fundamental question for these groups - the extent to which a group should be treated as a single entity or a collection of separate corporations. The Supreme Court, says Leatherman, should conclude that the question must be answered in context and that in United Dominion the context requires that the group be treated as a single entity.
About Linear Stability for Multiple Gas Balls

The results presented in this paper are generalizations of earlier work on the linear stability of non-rotating round gas balls in equilibrium, with respect to perturbations with zero angular momentum. Here we allow a more general barotropic equation of state for the gas, a non-zero angular momentum of the equilibrium state, and we are considering arbitrary numbers of gas balls, intending to use the result later to prove non-linear stability. The result requires an energy stability condition, which we verify for a single, slowly rotating gas ball, and the restricted class of equations of state used in earlier papers.
Dynamic control of a closed two-stage queueing network for outfitting process in shipbuilding

Abstract The U.S. Naval shipbuilding industry faces significant challenges to build ships on-time and within budgeted cost. To achieve greater efficiency and timeliness in shipbuilding, we developed a flexible two-stage queueing model under a CONWIP job release policy to enhance the planning and control of the outfitting process, one of the key processes in shipbuilding. The model is formulated using Markov Decision Processes which can provide (1) the optimal dynamic control policy and (2) the optimal cost. The numerical results showed that the optimal control policy is a state dependent threshold type policy and very complex to analyze. Therefore, we developed a static model to simplify the dynamic model and used Mean Value Analysis to gain insights. Using both data from the dynamic model and the static model, we developed a regression model to calculate a threshold policy heuristic. Testing reveals that the performance of this heuristic is very close to the optimal.
Graphitized Carbon Foam with Phase Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage

Phase change thermal energy storage devices allow potential weight savings by infiltrating phase change material into a carbon foam where the high thermal conductivity of the ligaments of the foam allows the foam to rapidly carry heat throughout the phase change material. The transient heating and cooling responses of graphitized carbon foam infiltrated with phase change material are described. Multiple cycles of heating and cooling are studied for thermal cycling consistency. Experimental and predicted temperature responses are shown. Thermal effects of foam density are described.
The Ability of SHG Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating to Measure Complex Ultrashort Laser pulses

We demonstrate that second harmonic generation (SHG) frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG), which is a simple technique to measure the intensity and phase of simple ultrashort laser pulses, is capable of measuring extraordinarily complex pulses.
The anthropology of hope and the philosophy of history: Rethinking Kant’s third and fourth questions with Blumenberg and McCarthy

In order to address the question of hope in the present, it behooves us to revisit Kant’s third and fourth questions: ‘What may we hope?’ and ‘What is the human being?’ I reexamine these questions ...
Mobile device affordance

Recent research has demonstrated that individuals fall victim to phishing because of the joint and independent influence of email habits and cognitive heuristics. Much of this work has, however, ignored the influence of smartphones and mobile devices-which are now utilized by the majority of the U.S. population-and it remains to be seen whether the manifestation of habits or heuristic processing is heightened on such devices. To this end, the current research conducted simulated phishing attacks that varied in the cues available in the email and examined how the devices used by subjects to access it influenced the outcome of the attack. The overall results point to a moderating role of device affordances on email habits rather than heuristic processing. It appears that the load of emails a person reads potentiates mobile device usage and thusly leads to the strengthening of email habits. The presence of graphical cues in the email heightened heuristic processing but this was not significantly enhanced on mobile devices. The overall results have important implications for our understanding of the affordances of smartphones, and how they enhance the likelihood of online deception. Research examines if smartphones influence cognitive processing or email habits.Results point to email habits being moderated by smartphone use.Device use potentiate habits and ultimately lead to phishing victimization.
Drop formation using ferrofluids driven magnetically in a step emulsification device

We present a microfluidic droplet generation technique, where instead of pumps, only magnetic field gradient strength adjusted by the position of an external magnet is used for controllable emulsification of ferrofluid containing solutions. Uniform droplet generation at frequencies O(1–100) Hz per channel for long periods of time (10s of minutes) were easily achieved. In this method, adding magnetic nanoparticles (10 nm) into aqueous solutions imparts a magnetic body force on the fluid in the presence of an external magnetic field gradient. Consequently, the aqueous fluid moves toward the position of an external magnet and towards a junction with a larger width and height oil filled reservoir. Emulsification occurs at the junction due to a rapid change in surface tension forces due to the abrupt change in channel height. Droplet generation rate could be controlled by adjusting surface tension/viscosity, number of channels, and strength of the magnetic force. The geometry of the channel, rather than flow rates or magnetic force, plays the dominant role in defining the droplet size. In addition, reagents mixed with ferrofluids could also be introduced from two or more separate inlets and mixed prior to emulsification as they move toward the step driven by magnetic force. Mixing reagents on chip and forming droplets all within a small foot-print defined by movement of an external magnet is a unique feature of this method suitable for point-of-care diagnostics and other bioengineering applications.
Birth Outcomes Soon After 9/11.

An introduction is presented which discusses the article "Reproductive Outcomes Following Maternal Exposure to the Events of September 11th, 2001, at the World Trade Center, in New York City" by C.B. Maslow, K. Caramanica, J. Li, S.D. Stellman, and R.M. Brackbill which appears in the same issue of the journal.
Stevens Passive Acoustic System for underwater surveillance

The Stevens Passive Acoustic System allows the detection, tracking and classification of various surface and underwater sources of sound including surface vessels, swimmers, various types of divers, and unmanned underwater vehicles. This system was developed by Stevens in its Maritime Security Laboratory, which was established to support research in the area of Anti-Terrorism and Force Protection. The focus of this lab has been the persistent detection and classification of threats posed by surface and subsurface intruders utilizing a multiplicity of technologies. Using these capabilities, we have investigated the set of acoustic parameters fundamental to underwater acoustic threat detection, including diver acoustic signatures, acoustic transmission loss, and acoustic environmental noise. The Stevens Passive Acoustic System has successfully demonstrated surface ship detection and classification. The system provides simultaneous acquisition and analysis of acoustical signals using 4 hydrophones. The analysis functions includes arbitrary digital filtering, spectral analysis and cross-correlation for simultaneous processing of signals from several hydrophones, acoustical source separation, and determination of bearing for different targets relative to the central underwater mooring. The system also records and stores the complete raw acoustical data set, enabling further research and analysis of the acoustic signals. Novel acoustic methods of signal processing used in the system include: 1. Method of precise hydrophone localization. 2. Cross-correlation method for target bearing determination 3. Cross-correlation methods for extraction of target signatures from numerous sources. 4. Feature-based automated diver detection algorithm. 5. Measurements of the ship noise modulation spectrum that is related to propeller and shaft rotation (Detection of Envelope Modulation on Noise — DEMON method). The Stevens Passive Acoustic System has been used in tests in the Hudson River and NY Harbor where a large library of ship acoustic signatures has been collected. Several US Navy sponsored trials demonstrated the ability of the Stevens system for effective diver detection at distances up to 700m.
Development of a downhole ultrasonic transducer for imaging while drilling

A novel development process was used to design, fabricate, qualify, and test a downhole ultrasonic transducer to acquire a high-resolution borehole surface image in the harsh environmental operating conditions experienced while drilling. The ultrasonic transducer was designed and developed to be incorporated into a downhole drilling tool to acquire a pulse-echo signal from the borehole wall, known in the industry as imaging while drilling. The design of the transducer incorporated acoustic modeling to achieve the desired sensitivity and bandwidth using a composite piezoelectric element, two impedance matching layers, and a high impedance backing. Mechanical design techniques, including a manufacturing procedure that produces reliable bonds between layers, a ruggedized housing, and impact-resistant transducer packaging, were chosen to ensure the transducer's reliability in the downhole environment. A standard pulse-echo transducer test procedure was created to acquire accurate, repeatable measurements for quality control and performance monitoring. Environmental qualification testing was conducted on a prototype transducer to validate the transducer's functionality during exposure to vibration, temperature cycling, and high temperature and pressure. Successful field tests of an imaging while drilling tool with the new borehole imaging transducer have verified the transducer has sufficient sensitivity and bandwidth to reliably acquire a high-resolution borehole image in the downhole drilling environment.
Federal Economic Regulation Through Wage and Price Control Programs: 1917–1980 a Selected Bibliography

A significant portion of the law of the United States is currently embodied in, formed by, or effectuated through the rules, regulations, programs, and policies of governmental agencies. Early legal decisions on economic stability issues were made by administrative bureaus, boards and commissions, and many were rarely reviewed by courts, reported in newspapers or examined by scholars. Most administrators’ decision were made informally, undramatically, in the deep recesses of their bureaus. Many of their records rested unrecognized and poorly indexed in official government documents or in the National Archives.For researchers attempting to bring together the materials involved in legislating and implementing of rules governing federal price and wage controls, it is important to understand the elusive nature of early official sources. In the same instance there is a desire by legal researchers to rely on the experience of the past in formulating the direction of the future. Those responsible for law making and for analyzing the legal issues of economic controls must refer to past activities in the price and wage area in trying to determine which paths future controls should take. Therefore, it is helpful to the researcher of wage and price controls to have an overview and bibliographic history of the literature and laws involved in this regulatory aspect of American economy.
Philology: the forgotten origins of the modern humanities

In Philology: The Forgotten Origins of the Modern Humanities, James Turner provides a rich and comprehensive history of philology as a discipline in the English-speaking academe. It is important to...
Timeliness of Breast Cancer Treatment Within The Alaska Tribal Health System.

Purpose This study examined the time from breast cancer diagnosis to initiation of treatment among Alaska Native (AN) women. We evaluated the impact of age, cancer stage, and rural/urban residence at diagnosis. Methods We evaluated characteristics of women recorded in the Alaska Native Tumor Registry who received a first diagnosis of breast cancer between 2009 and 2013. Median time from diagnosis to treatment was assessed. Associations of demographic and clinical characteristics with timely initiation of treatment were evaluated using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models. Results Two hundred seventy-eight (278) AN women were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in years 2009-2013. Mean age at diagnosis was 56.8 years (SD = 13.0). The median time from diagnosis to initiation of treatment was 23 days (P < .05) with most (94.6%, n = 263) meeting the ≤60-day guideline target. Time to treatment was not associated with rural/urban residence, age, or stage at cancer diagnosis. Conclusion These findings indicate that most AN women diagnosed with breast cancer within the AN Tribal Health System receive timely treatment after diagnosis.
Production of N2O5 and ClNO2 through Nocturnal Processing of Biomass-Burning Aerosol

Biomass burning is a source of both particulate chloride and nitrogen oxides, two important precursors for the formation of nitryl chloride (ClNO2), a source of atmospheric oxidants that is poorly prescribed in atmospheric models. We investigated the ability of biomass burning to produce N2O5(g) and ClNO2(g) through nocturnal chemistry using authentic biomass-burning emissions in a smog chamber. There was a positive relationship between the amount of ClNO2 formed and the total amount of particulate chloride emitted and with the chloride fraction of nonrefractory particle mass. In every fuel tested, dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) formed quickly, following the addition of ozone to the smoke aerosol, and ClNO2(g) production promptly followed. At atmospherically relevant relative humidities, the particulate chloride in the biomass-burning aerosol was rapidly but incompletely displaced, likely by the nitric acid produced largely by the heterogeneous uptake of N2O5(g). Despite this chloride acid displacement, the ...