cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Application of mixed-model techniques to fish breed improvement: analysis of breeding-value selection to increase 98-day body weight in tilapia

Abstract A post-selection analysis of a three-generation selection experiment was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of using estimated breeding values as the selection criterion for the improvement of body weight at 98 days of age. Two replicate selection lines and a control line were derived from a common base population. Fixed effects of generation, line, sex and tank, as well as the fixed-effect interaction of the generation with line, sex and tank, were the significant factors determining performance. The estimated heritability of the 98-day weight was 0.20±0.04, while the maternal direct-genetic and full-sib group effects as a proportion of phenotypic variance were 0.02±0.02 and 0.09±0.02, respectively. Although phenotypic means varied from generation to generation, the genetic gains calculated from the estimated breeding values were 2.61±0.05 and 2.42±0.37 g per generation for the replicate lines, which is equivalent to a 40% improvement in just three generations. Additionally, although the randomly selected control line showed a linear increase in performance of 4.10±1.27 g per generation, the change in the average breeding value was only 0.27±0.01 g per generation, indicating that the increase in performance was due to improved management and/or adaptation to the culture environment. The post-selection analysis clearly demonstrated the superiority of the mixed-model approach to selection, with the potential of increasing the selection response by 20–30% above the value expected from simple mass selection.
Direct visual observation of yeast deposition and removal during microfiltration

Abstract Periodic reverse flow through membranes is an effective technique to remove foulants from microfiltration (MF) membrane surfaces. This work explored direct visual observation (DVO) of yeast deposition and subsequent removal via backwashing and single backpulses using microvideo photography with cellulose-acetate (CA) and Anopore anodised-alumina (AN) MF membranes. Foulant deposited less uniformly on the surfaces of the CA membranes than on the AN membrane surfaces during forward filtration. Foulant cake layers of approximately 30 μm thickness formed on both membranes after forward filtration for 1–2 h, leading to fouled-membrane fluxes of only 15–25% of the clean-membrane fluxes. Foulant was removed by reverse flow from the CA membrane surfaces in clumps. The time constant for foulant removal was determined from photomicrographs to be approximately 0.2 s, and 95% of the membrane surface was cleaned within 1 s of backpulsing, resulting in 95% recovery of the initial flux. The foulant cake was also removed from the AN membranes in clumps, though much of the membrane remained covered in a monolayer of yeast. The flux through the membrane covered with a full monolayer was determined during forward filtration to be about 70% of the clean membrane flux. A model for flux recovery is proposed which takes into account the fraction of the membrane surface which is completely cleaned as well as the fraction which remains covered in a foulant monolayer. The predicted and experimentally-determined recovered fluxes as a function of backpulse duration are in very good agreement.
Collective magnetic dipole transitions: Dependence of the energies and rates on the nuclear effective interaction

Abstract The dependence on the properties of the effective interaction of the energies of and excitation strengths to magnetic dipole states in open shell nuclei is studied. In particular the single j -shell for 48 Ti is used as an example. In this case there are two 1 + states with isospin T = 2 and one with isospin T = 3. The conditions for having a strong low-lying collective 1 + state are examined. Focus is also given on the excitation strength to the analog T = 3 state since this is of relevance also to β + Gamow-Teller reactions and to double beta decay. It is found that in the rotational limit there is no strength to the T = 3 state and there is an overly strong low-lying 1 + T = 2 state. This is almost also true for a quadrupole-quadrupole interaction. At the other extreme, as shown by Halse, with a pairing interaction all the strength goes to the T = 3 state. Other interactions considered are pairing plus quadrupole, spin-dependent delta and Kuo-Brown bare and renormalized, and matrix elements taken from the spectrum of 42 Sc. It is found that the β + strength can be reduced either by making the two-body J = 2 T = 1 matrix element or J = 1 T = 0 matrix element more attractive, just as was shown by others in heavier nuclei. However such parameter changes have effects on other properties of the 1 + spectrum, which can serve as indicators as to whether or not these changes are justified.
Multidimensional representation of ultrasonic data processed by Reconfigurable Ultrasonic System-on-Chip using OpenCL high-level synthesis

Ultrasonic non-destructive testing has been widely used to determine the properties of materials, and more importantly their integrity. However, these techniques often require capturing massive amounts of data and intensive signal processing for processes such as image formation, analysis, characterization, classification and diagnosis. Our study is focused around utilizing a Reconfigurable Ultrasonic System-on-Chip Hardware (RUSH) platform to process ultrasonic signals in real-time. To this end, OpenCL has been utilized in the RUSH platform to provide a means to accelerate computation using the FPGA fabric while providing consistent memory and execution models to enable portability. To visualize the ultrasound data, a Graphical User Interface (GUI) for the Analysis of Multidimensional Ultrasonic data on RUSH (GAMUR) has been incorporated. GAMUR utilizes C++/QT and OpenGL to enable enhanced visualization and control features within the RUSH platform. The interface not only features the ability to view the ultrasound signals in one dimension, two dimensions, or three dimensions; but also to command and configure the hardware accelerators built using OpenCL. Therefore, the system provides a means for analyzing, visualizing and accelerating the extraction of information from multi-dimensional ultrasound data.
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome and Management Recommendations

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by germline mutation of the serine threonine kinase 11 and characterized by hamartomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract and mucocutaneous melanin pigmentation. Patients with PJS are at increased risk for common and unusual types of gastrointestinal and nongastrointestinal tumors. This review analyzes currently available literature and describes the clinical characteristics of PJS, assesses the risk of malignancy in this disorder, and delineates management and surveillance recommendations for affected individuals.
Absorption and stimulated emission in an AlAs-GaAs superlattice

Absorption and stimulated‐emission data (77 and 300 K) are presented on a 50‐period, all binary A1As‐GaAs superlattice (SL) grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MO‐CVD). Laser operation of the SL is observed ΔE∼h/ωLO below the absorption, which corresponds accurately to the lowest confined‐particle transistions determined from the measured (transmission electron microscope, TEM) barrier and well sizes of LB ∼120 A and Lz ∼160 A.
Fault tolerant adaptive filters based on number theoretic transforms

Previously it was shown that FFT-based transform domain adaptive filters operating on real-valued signals can achieve adaptive fault tolerant performance based on parameter redundancy inherent in the complex arithmetic. In this paper the Fermat number transform (FNT) is combined with transform domain block processing as an alternate way of achieving computationally efficient fault tolerance. It is shown that a hybrid combination of Fermat transform domain block processing and polynomial ring theory provides computationally efficient fault tolerance for adaptive filters implemented in highly scaled nano-technology circuits.
The Impact of Information Technology on Leadership Opportunities for Women: The Leveling of the Playing Field

Executive Summary Advances in information technology (IT) are providing leadership opportunities for women both in upper and middle management. This paper aims to fill the gap in the literature con...
Control of a prototype transmission-based robot servoactuator using real time application interface

This paper presents a PID control of a prototype transmission-based robot servo-actuator system (TBA) and its implementation using real time application interface (RTAI) under Linux. The PID control presented can achieve stability and performance requirement in terms of attenuation of disturbance due to gear shift. The control software has a real time multithread design. Verification test shows the new control software has a deterministic control loop time, and significant performance improvement is achieved compared with the implementation using Labview Express under Windows XP
The least-squares CMA: A new technique for rapid correction of constant modulus signals

A new rapidly-converging constant modulus algorithm is presented, analyzed, and demonstrated for a two-sensor array. The algorithm is shown to be globally stable and convergent for any linearly-independent set of input data. The algorithm is also shown to converge significantly (10 to 100 times) faster than the conventional CMA, with negligible (< 1 dB.) convergent misadjustment, in the presence of moderate and severe co-channel interference.
New Sidelobe Envelopes for Small Aperture Earth Stations

The advent of domestic satellite systems and technological improvements in both space and ground equipment makes the use of small aperture earth stations economically feasible and attractive for broadcast satellite applications. With increasing use of the orbit spectrum, there is some concern that broadcast satellite systems may not be able to obtain satisfactory allocations of this orbit-spectrum resource because of interference considerations. Specifilcally, interference calculations based on the present envelope of 9 + 20 log (?/?0) result in comparatively large orbit spacings for broadcast satellites. Theoretical and experimental investigations of simple sidelobe suppression techniques, plus an analysis of experimental data on small aperture antennas (from data over a range of 40 < D/?X < 100), indicate that much better sidelobe performance can be obtained with a very small cost or performance penalty.
Calpain is required for normal osteoclast function and is down-regulated by calcitonin.

Osteoclast motility is thought to depend on rapid podosome assembly and disassembly. Both μ-calpain and m-calpain, which promote the formation and disassembly of focal adhesions, were observed in the podosome belt of osteoclasts. Calpain inhibitors disrupted the podosome belt, blocked the constitutive cleavage of the calpain substrates filamin A, talin, and Pyk2, which are enriched in the podosome belt, induced osteoclast retraction, and reduced osteoclast motility and bone resorption. The motility and resorbing activity of μ-calpain-/- osteoclast-like cells were also reduced, indicating that μ-calpain is required for normal osteoclast activity. Histomorphometric analysis of tibias from μ-calpain-/- mice revealed increased osteoclast numbers and decreased trabecular bone volume that was apparent at 10 weeks but not at 5 weeks of age. In vitro studies suggested that the increased osteoclast number in the μ-calpain-/- bones resulted from increased osteoclast survival, not increased osteoclast formation. Calcitonin disrupted the podosome ring, induced osteoclast retraction, and reduced osteoclast motility and bone resorption in a manner similar to the effects of calpain inhibitors and had no further effect on these parameters when added to osteoclasts pretreated with calpain inhibitors. Calcitonin inhibited the constitutive cleavage of a fluorogenic calpain substrate and transiently blocked the constitutive cleavage of filamin A, talin, and Pyk2 by a protein kinase C-dependent mechanism, demonstrating that calcitonin induces the inhibition of calpain in osteoclasts. These results indicate that calpain activity is required for normal osteoclast activity and suggest that calcitonin inhibits osteoclast bone resorbing activity in part by down-regulating calpain activity.
Taxonomy of breast cancer based on normal cell phenotype predicts outcome

Accurate classification is essential for understanding the pathophysiology of a disease and can inform therapeutic choices. For hematopoietic malignancies, a classification scheme based on the phenotypic similarity between tumor cells and normal cells has been successfully used to define tumor subtypes; however, use of normal cell types as a reference by which to classify solid tumors has not been widely emulated, in part due to more limited understanding of epithelial cell differentiation compared with hematopoiesis. To provide a better definition of the subtypes of epithelial cells comprising the breast epithelium, we performed a systematic analysis of a large set of breast epithelial markers in more than 15,000 normal breast cells, which identified 11 differentiation states for normal luminal cells. We then applied information from this analysis to classify human breast tumors based on normal cell types into 4 major subtypes, HR0–HR3, which were differentiated by vitamin D, androgen, and estrogen hormone receptor (HR) expression. Examination of 3,157 human breast tumors revealed that these HR subtypes were distinct from the current classification scheme, which is based on estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Patient outcomes were best when tumors expressed all 3 hormone receptors (subtype HR3) and worst when they expressed none of the receptors (subtype HR0). Together, these data provide an ontological classification scheme associated with patient survival differences and provides actionable insights for treating breast tumors.
Obtaining Optimal Thresholds for Processors with Speed-Scaling

In this research we consider a processor that can operate at multiple speeds and suggest a strategy for optimal speed-scaling. While higher speeds improve latency, they also draw a lot of power. Thus we adopt a threshold-based policy that uses higher speeds under higher workload conditions, and vice versa. However, it is unclear how to select "optimal" thresholds. For that we use a stochastic fluid-flow model with varying processing speeds based on fluid level.First, given a set of thresholds, we develop an approach based on spectral expansion by modeling the evolution of the fluid queue as a semi-Markov process (SMP) and analyzing its performance. While there are techniques based on matrix-analytic methods and forward-backward decomposition, we show that they are not nearly as fast as the spectral-expansion SMP-based approach. Using the performance measures obtained from the SMP model, we suggest an algorithm for selecting the thresholds so that power consumption is minimized, while satisfying a quality-of-service constraint. We illustrate our results using a numerical example.
Profiling the cellular immune response to multiple Brugia pahangi infections in a susceptible host.

Human lymphatic filariasis is caused primarily by Brugia malayi and Wuchereria bancrofti. Unraveling this disease is complex, as people living in endemic areas exhibit a vast array of clinical states and immune responses. The Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)-B. pahangi model of human lymphatic filariasis has provided much information on immune parameters associated with filarial infection. Prior investigations in our laboratory have shown that gerbils closely mimic a subset of patients classified as microfilaremic but asymptomatic, a group that comprises the majority of people living in endemic areas. Worm recovery data suggest that gerbils carrying current B. pahangi infections do not show any resistance to subsequent subcutaneous B. pahangi infections. The aim of the present studies was to investigate the T cell cytokine response in gerbils receiving multiple infections of B. pahangi as a means of mimicking the conditions experienced by people in endemic areas. The T cell cytokine profile genera...
Social neuroscience, empathy, brain integration, and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Paul MacLean has investigated integrated brain functioning through selected brain lesions in animals that disturb circuits necessary for complex behaviors, such as social displays. MacLean is unique in his comparative neurobehavioral approach that emphasizes the evolutionary origins of parenting and social behaviors and the implications of brain changes in the evolution from reptiles (social displays) to mammals (nursing, audiovocal communication, play) to man (self-awareness, intentionality, social context) that link affect and cognition. Subjectively, how ‘‘looking with feeling toward others,’’ the basic element in empathy, evolved has been a central concern of his. Neuroimaging studies of social cognition, mother–infant communication, moral behavior, forgiveness, and trust are consistent with particular brain systems being activated in cooperative social behaviors. The identification of mirror neurons is pertinent to MacLean’s model of isopraxis and studies of thalamocortical resonances may be pertinent to his neurobehavioral models. Studies of behavioral phenotypes in human neurodevelopmental disorders are consistent with MacLean’s model of brain circuits being linked to complex behaviors during development. In autistic disorder, the behavioral phenotype involves disrupted social communication, deviant imaginative play, and motor stereotypies. In Lesch–Nyhan syndrome (LNS), self-injury occurs in individuals with normal sensory systems intact who require and request physical restraint to prevent self-injury; they ask for assistance from others to prevent them from harming themselves. Autism involves the lack of subjective awareness of others intentions and LNS involves a failure in self-regulation and self-control of self-injurious behavior. MacLean’s models laid the groundwork for studies focused on understanding brain functioning in these conditions.
iAIDS: HIV-Related Internet Resources for the Practicing Clinician

In this review, we collate 25 clinically useful human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related Web sites to facilitate efficient access to online resources according to themes of clinical inquiry: (1) comprehensive clinical information, (2) opportunistic infections, (3) antiretroviral drug interactions, (4) care of HIV-infected women and children, and (5) continuing medical education. We evaluated these Web sites for clinical content and quality using criteria including the currency of information, inclusion of references, sponsors, whether the site is useful in resource-limited settings, ease of navigation, and content specific for each theme. Using the specified criteria, we provided overall ratings for each Web site. We conclude that the Web sites listed in this review can help extend knowledge about best practices and provide real-time patient care support to clinicians.
The flow of superfluid 4He through submicron apertures: Phase slip and critical velocities due to quantum vortex motion

Abstract A review is given of recent experimental studies on the onset of dissipation in the flow of superfluid 4He through submicron-size apertures. These studies have revealed the occurrence of energy loss in discrete events. The interpretation of these events in terms of the motion of individual quantum vortices across the flow is discussed.
Evolution of weaponry in female bovids

Weaponry is ubiquitous in male ungulates and is driven by intrasexual selection, but the mystery surrounding its sporadic presence in females remains unsolved. Female horns are often smaller and shaped differently to male horns, suggesting a different function; indeed, hypotheses explaining the presence of female horns include competition for food, male mollification and defence against predators. Here we use comparative phylogenetic analyses to show that females are significantly more likely to bear horns in bovids that are conspicuous due to large body size and living in open habitats than inconspicuous species living in closed habitats or that are small. An inability to rely on crypsis or take refuge in deep vegetation has apparently driven the evolution of horns for defence against predators in female bovids, a finding supported by many field observations. Typically, exceptions are small species where females are territorial (e.g. duikers) and use horns in intrasexual contests. Furthermore, we suggest that conspicuousness and territoriality hypotheses may explain other instances of female cranial weaponry (i.e. antlers and ossicones) in other horned ruminants. Our phylogenetic reconstruction indicates that the primary function of horns in females is linked to antipredator defence in most clades, but occasionally to intrasexual competition in others.
Motion compensation for video compression using control grid interpolation

A new class of motion compensation methods that are based on control grid interpolation (CGI) for use in video compression is described. The predominant motion compensation method, block matching, is shown to be a special case of CGI. A new CGI method is presented that produces a smooth motion vector field, preserving continuity and connectivity in the prediction image. When contrasted with block matching, the new algorithm eliminates blocking artifacts while using the same or less side information for approximately the same mean square error. Search algorithms and coding methods developed previously for block matching can be used with this new technique. >
Shear Conversion of Corn Meal by Reverse Screw Elements during Twin-Screw Extrusion at Low Temperatures

Corn meal was extruded in a twin-screw extruder to study effects of one and two reverse-screw elements on conversion at extrusion temperatures <60 o C. Significant conversion was observed across the reverse-screw elements. The conversion was due to shear alone, since thermal effect was negligible at these low temperatures. Encompassing the reverse-screw elements were four visually distinct zones characterized by the state of the material
Comparative study of two image space noise reduction methods for computed tomography: Bilateral filter and nonlocal means

Optimal noise control is important for improving image quality and reducing radiation dose in computed tomography. Here we investigated two image space based nonlinear filters for noise reduction: the bilateral filter (BF) and the nonlocal means (NLM) algorithm. Images from both methods were compared against those from a commercially available weighted filtered backprojection (WFBP) method. A standard phantom for quality assurance testing was used to quantitatively compare noise and spatial resolution, as well as low contrast detectability (LCD). Additionally, an image dataset from a patient's abdominal CT exam was used to assess the effectiveness of the filters on full dose and simulated half dose acquisitions. We found that both the BF and NLM methods improve the tradeoff between noise and high contrast spatial resolution with no significant difference in LCD. Results from the patient dataset demonstrated the potential of dose reduction with the denoising methods. Care must be taken when choosing the NLM parameters in order to minimize the generation of artifacts that could possibly compromise diagnostic value.
Relationships among the nurse work environment, self-nurturance and life satisfaction.

Abstract Title. Relationships among the nurse work environment, self-nurturance and lifesatisfactionAim. This paper is a report of a study to (1) ascertain the relationship amongself-nurturance, perceived Magnet features and life satisfaction and (2) evaluate thepredictive effects of self-nurturance and Magnet features on life satisfaction.Background. Promoting health is a global priority for nurses and for the public whodepend upon them to provide quality care. Health gains can be realized by modi-fying the work environment and by modifying lifestyle choices (self-nurturance). Astudy of nurses that examined perceptions of workplace features that enable nurses’professional practice (Magnet features), self-nurturance and healthy outcomes (lifesatisfaction) was not found in the literature.Methods. Survey data collected in May 2003 from a convenience sample of 310Registered Nurses were used for this descriptive, correlational study.Findings. Self-nurturing nurses were more satisﬁed with life and perceived that moreMagnet features were present in the workplace. Nurses with a master’s degree weremore self-nurturing than nurses without a baccalaureate degree. The synergisticeffect of both self-nurturance and workplace factors predicted 29% of variance innurses’ life satisfaction.Conclusion. Higher levels of perceived Magnet features and frequent self-nurturancechoices are important health inﬂuences on nurses’ life satisfaction. Greater lifesatisfaction is known to reduce job dissatisfaction while improving retention.Approaches that incorporate both self-nurturance and workplace Magnet featuresare suggested to improve the health and retention of experienced nurses.Keywords: health promotion, life satisfaction, Magnet accreditation, nursepractitioner environment, Registered Nurses, self-nurturance
Flaws and Idiosyncrasies in Mathematicians: Food for the Classroom

This paper raises an ethical question: should aspects of a mathematician’s personality, political beliefs, physical handicaps, and the ironies surrounding their life be mentioned parenthetically or otherwise in our lessons? What about the political and social norms of the times in the countries in which they lived? There are no hard and fast guidelines on this other than to use good taste; but what is in good taste to one is often in bad taste to another. At the very least this paper presents tidbits of information and innuendo about mathematicians the reader might not know. But hopefully this paper will help the reader develop a personal stance on this issue. 0. Setting the Stage: Ethical Dilemmas Ethical dilemmas are those gut-wrenching situations that are inescapable in life. They come in different degrees of magnitude and severity–but what they have in common is that they push us to the core of our personal moral beliefs. Each of us can easily think of such situations and decisions we have made in this realm. Some decisions we have made with the authority of certainty; others that to this day we don’t know if we acted correctly; and still others that we feel uncomfortable in discussing. But making ethical decisions is a part of life–and sometimes they are not easy to make. Within the university world the arena of problems and situations for which ethical decisions have to be made seems to be unlimited in scope and number. Animal research, stem cell research, genetic engineering, affirmative action admission policies are of one magnitude; accepting grants from individuals and foundations with tainted histories, grants with strings attached, researching sensitive topics such as terrorist profiling, ethnic profiling, etc., are of another magnitude. Universities often have ethics committees to oversee such dilemmas. Ethical dilemmas exist on large, small, and personal scales–even in the mathematics classroom.
What is in a Name? Introducing the Journal of Librarianship and Scholarly Communication

Video Credit: Defining Scholarly Communication , created/owned by the contributors and produced by Kathryn Pope and Vin Aliberto, Center for Digital Research and Scholarship, Columbia University Libraries/Information Services. CC-BY.
Code-Switching during Parent-Child Reading Interactions: Taking Multiple Theoretical Perspectives.

This article uses multiple theoretical perspectives to understand the synergy that occurs between linguistically diverse parents and children during reading interactions. Through the detailed analysis of code-switching during book-sharing activities in a middle-class, bilingual home, we can observe how linguistically diverse parents support the development of reading competency in their children, provide rich language and linguistic experiences, and co-construct their children’s identities as a reader as they read together. Code-switching is therefore viewed as a cognitive, social, and cultural tool to support the learning of early biliterate readers by mediating reading transactions with the text. The insights from this study highlight how transactions with text in bilingual homes can be described through language syncretism, or integration and reinvention of language forms, as part of a holistic, natural approach to literacy learning.
Prevalence, Frequency, and Associations of Masturbation With Partnered Sexual Behaviors Among US Adolescents

Objective To assess masturbation prevalence, frequency, and associations with partnered sexual behaviors. Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting The United States of America. Participants Nationally representative samples of adolescents aged 14 to 17 years. Main Outcome Measures Solo masturbation, partnered sexual behaviors, and condom use. Results Across age groups, more males (73.8%) reported masturbation than females (48.1%). Among males, masturbation occurrence increased with age: at age 14 years, 62.6% of males reported at least 1 prior occurrence, whereas 80% of 17-year-old males reported ever having masturbated. Recent masturbation also increased with age in males: 67.6% of 17-year-olds reported masturbation in the past month, compared with 42.9% of 14-year-olds. In females, prior masturbation increased with age (58% at age 17 years compared with 43.3% at age 14 years), but recent masturbation did not. Masturbation was associated with numerous partnered sexual behaviors in both males and females. In males, masturbation was associated with condom use, but in females it was not. Conclusions Sexual development is a dynamic process during adolescence, and masturbation is an enduring component of sexuality. Fundamental differences appear to exist between male and female sexual expression. Health care providers should recognize that many teens masturbate and discuss masturbation with patients because masturbation is integral to normal sexual development.
Disability, race/ethnicity and gender: themes of cultural oppression, acts of individual resistance

Community psychologists have called for research on human diversity and interactions between individuals and society with a focus on oppression. This study examines learning disabilities as they co-occur with other sociopolitical minority statuses. We examined dominant cultural narratives of and individual responses to learning disability, race/ethnicity and gender identified by low-income men and women of color with learning disabilities. Our qualitative analysis identified cultural narratives that suggest that: (1a) individuals with learning disabilities are perceived as having an illegitimate impairment and being of lower intellectual ability and unworthy; (1b) having an invisible disability facilitates passing as nondisabled, thereby lessening disability discrimination from within racial/ethnic groups; (1c) having a learning disability detracts from positive gender expectations and exacerbates negative ones; and (1d) gender and racial/ethnic narratives are relevant for individuals with learning disabilities. Our analysis also identified two overarching individual acts of resistance used to thwart internalization of oppressive cultural narratives: (2a) removing self from oppressive environments and (2b) reframing dominant cultural narratives (including discounting the validity of negative messages, using negative narratives for motivation, and engaging in positive self-talk). We discuss findings in relation to extant research and theory and consider implications for research, theory, and practice.
An investigation into the numerical dispersion problem of the skew upwind finite difference scheme

Abstract An assessment of the numerical dispersion (over- and undershoot) problem for the skew upwind finite difference scheme in practical flow simulation has been undertaken. In an earlier study by the authors, the skew upwind scheme was found to have the least amount of numerical diffusion. The scheme, howeve,r produced unacceptable dispersion in the solution. This study examines the unboundedness in the solution for three test cases and the use of bounding schemes to eliminate the oscillations. The three test cases are a two-dimensional jet, two parallel interacting streams, and transport of four scalar profiles. The bounding techniques used are simple bounding and flux corrected transport. A time-dependent two-dimensional explicit prediction procedure based on the marker and cell method is utilized. For pure convection flow, the study shows that the scheme consistently produces significant numerical dispersion for profiles that possess sharp discontinuity. The dispersion is less significant for other profiles. Bounding is found to be very effective in alleviating the problem. Simple bounding is found to be convenient, economical, and effective as compared to the other bounding scheme.
On the Compression of Morbidity: From 1980 to 2015 and Beyond

The Compression of Morbidity phenomenon occurs when, for individual, cohort, or society, the age at onset of morbidity (disability) is postponed to a greater degree than is the age of mortality (death), thus compressing the progressive disability of later life into a shorter period of time. Compression of Morbidity has been documented at the societal level in some instances but Expansion of Morbidity, the reverse phenomenon, has been documented in other settings. Compression of Morbidity has been demonstrated most definitively in longitudinal studies over up to a quarter century. Here, cohorts were initially selected, using baseline information, to have a higher or lower probability of lifelong adherence to preventive behaviors such as maintaining exercise, normal weight, and tobacco abstinence. Two such studies, the longest and the most recent, are described in this chapter. Study of a high physical exercise cohort compared with community controls over more than 20 years showed that disability at age 80 years had been postponed by nearly 16 years while mortality had been postponed about 7 years in the exercise cohort as opposed to controls. A similar study compared three groups of university alumni divided at baseline into cohorts with zero, one, or two/three major risk factors out of exercise, weight, and tobacco use and followed from age 69 to almost 90 years of age. The zero initial risk factor cohort postponed morbidity by 10 years and mortality by 3.3 years compared to high risk. The differences increased over time, occurred in all subgroups, and persisted after statistical adjustment. These differences, and the broader literature on these risk factors and long-term health outcomes, suggest a major effect of good health habits maintained for a lifetime upon future health. We suspect that preventive behaviors established early in life, before aging processes are evident, have advantages over interventions begun later, in large part because of increasing problems from competing risks when the subject population is older.
Meta-Analysis of The Coping Cat Program for Decreasing Severity of Anxiety Symptoms Among Children and Adolescents

A meta-analysis estimating the effectiveness of the Coping Cat program for treating anxiety symptoms among children and adolescents across 19 randomized controlled studies representing the data of 1,358 participants. Separate meta-analytic procedures for studies implementing waitlist/no-treatment or viable alternative treatments yielded large and small effect sizes, respectively. Implications of these findings for preventive and acute treatment are discussed. Limitations of findings and directions for future research are discussed.
Therapy for Caculus Disease of the Kidney and Ureter

Symptomatic calculi in the collecting systems of the kidney and ureter are a frequent cause of patient morbidity in modern medical practice. The disability and discomfort associated with this disease are well documented and have influenced the progressive development of successful treatment modalities. Improved diagnostic modalities have also been developed, using increasingly more sophisticated laboratory and imaging procedures. Research has continued into the underlying etiologies of calculus formation and the appropriate therapy directed at inhibiting initial calculus development. The overall beneficiaries of this continuing medical progress are the many patients who are annually afflicted with renal calculus disease.
THE THEORETICAL PRAGMATICS OF NON-PHILOSOPHY: explicating laruelle's suspension of the principle of sufficient philosophy with brandom's meaning-use diagrams

AbstractBrandom's method of analyzing pragmatic relations among different practices and vocabularies through meaning-use diagrams is used to specify how Laruelle's nonphilosophical suspension of the Principle of Sufficient Philosophy may be distinguished from the philosophical auto-critiques of such thinkers as Badiou and Derrida. A superposition of diagrams modeling philosophical sufficiency on the one hand and supplementation through the Other on the other provides a schematic representation of the core duality of what Laruelle calls The-Philosophy. In contrast to this self-implicating and self-reproducing structure, Laruelle's axiomatic method is shown to enable a unilateral usage of the practices and vocabularies of philosophy as mere material that is no longer subject to the presuppositions or ineluctable restitution of philosophy as such.
A Mass Death Accumulation of Coryphodon anthracoideus (Mammalia: Pantodonta) at Roehler’s Coryphodon Catastrophe Quarry (Lower Eocene, Wasatch Formation), Washakie Basin, Wyoming

As a richly fossiliferous bone bed with over 350 bones from a single taxon, Roehler’s Coryphodon Catastrophe Quarry (RCCQ) in the Washakie Basin of Wyoming is an intriguing paleontological phenomenon. Coryphodon was a large bodied, subdigitigrade, graviportal herbivorous browser that first appeared in North America in the latest Paleocene (Clarkforkian Land Mammal Age) and was ubiquitous in early Eocene terrestrial faunas (Lucas, 1984). It is suggested that RCCQ is a mass death accumulation, but that evidence for such an event is obscured by the overprint of at least one additional stage which intervened between the time of death and the time of final deposition. This paper draws on faunal, taphonomic, and sedimentologic evidence to reconstruct the sequence of events leading to formation of the RCCQ bone bed, and to ascertain the extent and degree of bias caused by successive modifications.
Regulation of apo A-IV transcription by lipid in newborn swine is associated with a promoter DNA-binding protein.

Dietary lipid acutely upregulates apolipoprotein (apo) A-IV expression by sevenfold at the pretranslational level in neonatal swine jejunum. To determine the mechanism of this regulation, two-day-o...
NOVEL SYNTHESIS OF THIAZOLIDINES

Abstract A novel synthesis of thiazolidine derivatives is described, based on nucleophilic additions across the triple bond of 1,4-diarylsulfonyl-2-butynes. The use of bidentate nucleophiles like N,N′-dialkylthioureas, under mild base catalysis, at ambient conditions affords good yields of the title compounds. A mechanism for the formation of the compounds is offered and supported by appropriate experiments.
Blood Transfusion in Infants

The medical conditions in which transfusion is required, types of transfusions, and host response to transfused cells are different in neonates and infants than in adults. As a result, certain features and complications of transfusion are more important. This article explores key aspects of these differences, indications for transfusion therapy, and possible actions blood banks can take to improve transfusion safety and efficacy.
Flow cytometry analysis of epithelial cell populations from touch samples using the BD Influx flow cytometry platform

‘Touch’ or trace cell mixtures submitted as evidence are a significant problem for forensic laboratories as they can render resulting genetic profiles difficult or even impossible to interpret. Optical signatures that distinguish epidermal cell populations from different contributors could facilitate the physical separation of mixture components prior to genetic analysis, and potentially the downstream production of single source profiles and/or simplified mixtures. For this dataset, optical properties including forwards scatter (FSC), side scatter (SSC), and fluorescence emissions in the Allophycocyanin (APC) channel were measured in epithelial cell populations from touch samples collected from several different contributors on multiple days to assess inter- and intra-contributor variability.
Time Synchronization Mechanism for Power Line Status Surveillance System

Network time protocol(NTP) is an important mean of implementing time synchronization in the communication network.NTP is introduced into the power line status surveillance system in this paper.In view of the network application characteristics,this paper studies the detailed implementation method of NTP,proposes a synchronization algorithm for network nodes,provides the accurate and reliable timing guarantees for sleeping and activating of communication equipment.
Letter in response to the article "Optimum timing of blood tests for monitoring patients with Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea" (J Investig Med.2010;58[4]:621-624).

To the Editor: Bhangu et al.1have published their findings on the optimum timing of blood tests for patients with Clostridium difficile -associated diarrhea (CDAD). They report that the white cell blood (WBC) count in the first 3 days of disease is the strongest serum predictor of mortality and should be routinely monitored. Also, a WBC count of 20 ×109/L or greater may be the best cutoff value to objectively identify cases at higher risk of death. We conducted a retrospective chart review to assess the …
Analysis on the surveillance of Brucellosis and the first case-report in Chongqing City(2011)

Objective To perform brucellosis surveillance in Chongqing city and predict the trend of its epidemic so as to develop and provide scientific basis for control measures.Methods According to the Surveillance Standard for Brucellosis,the major communities: Rongchang,Changshou,and Dianjiang distrcts,where livestock was well developed,were investigated.Results 6 002 workers were investigated.No case with clinical manifestations and signs was found.988 serum samples were collected,the test rate was 16.46%,the positive rate was 1.52%.The infection rate of the dairy cow breeders was 2.93%,being the highest.The veterinary workers' infection rate was 0.69%.The positive rate of cow stockmen was higher than those of the other occupations(χ2=19.508 7,P0.000 1).15 positive serum samples were tested by routine bacterial isolation,with one positive,identified as brucellosis cattle mutant strain.Conclusions One brucellosis patient was the first reported case in Chongqing city,The young adults were the main infected objects.Cow was the main source of Brucellosis infection.Strengthening quarantine and monitoring were important.Health education and intervention measures for high-risk population should be strengthened.
Composition determination of β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3layers coherently grown on (010) β-Ga2O3substrates by high-resolution X-ray diffraction

We demonstrate X-ray-diffraction-based composition estimation of β-(Al x Ga1− x )2O3 coherently grown on (010) β-Ga2O3. The relation between the strain along the [010] direction and the Al composition of the β-(Al x Ga1− x )2O3 layer was formulated using the stress–strain relationship in the monoclinic system. This formulation allows us to estimate the Al composition using the out-of-plane lattice spacing determined by conventional X-ray ω–2θ measurements. This method was applied to molecular-beam-epitaxy-grown coherent β-(Al x Ga1− x )2O3/Ga2O3 heterostructures, and the Al composition in β-(Al x Ga1− x )2O3 agrees closely with the composition determined directly by atom probe tomography.
Epinephrine and norepinephrine in pregnancy. A comparative study of the adrenal gland and catechol output in different species of animals and man.

Abstract The purpose of these studies was to determine the adrenal medullary changes produced by pregnancy and evaluate urinary output of epinephrine and norepinephrine during pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum period. The adrenals of 18 goats, 12 sheep, 42 cats, and 45 rats were obtained at various times during pregnancy and the postpartum period and bioassayed for epinephrine and norepinephrine. Further, daily 24 hr. urinary outputs of epinephrine and norepinephrine were determined on 20 women during pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum period. The results indicate that pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum period produce no significant alterations in the epinephrine and norepinephrine content of the adrenal gland (Tables I to IV). Urinary output of epinephrine and norepinephrine during the course of pregnancy remains within normal limits until the onset of labor. Concomitant with the onset of labor, there is a marked increase in the output of both epinephrine and norepinephrine, especially the latter (Table VI). Further, after delivery, there is also a gradual increase in both hormones, reaching the highest level at the 6 to 18 hr. postpartum period (Tables V and VII). A patient with hydatidiform mole of the Destrusens type showed a normal urinary output of epinephrine and norepinephrine; small amounts of epinephrine and norepinephrine were demonstrated in the mole.
Common Medical Liver Diseases

Common medical disease affecting the liver include acute and chronic viral hepatitis, drug-induced liver injury, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, biliary obstruction, alcohol induced liver disease, non-alcohol fatty liver disease, hereditary hemochromatosis, Wilson disease, and α1-antitrypsin deficiency.
Predation on Primates: A Biogeographical Analysis

Measuring the magnitude of predation has been deemed an important task in clarifying aspects of primate ecology (Terborgh & Janson, 1986). This goal is in keeping with a general theoretical shift noted by (1985) toward acknowledgment that predation often has a greater impact than resource competition on individual animals through behavior and life history; on prey populations through size and stability; and on ecosystems through diversity and relative abundance patterns. Biogeography, as a comparative observational science dealing with spatial and temporal scales too large for experimentation, seeks patterns of biodiversity upon which theories may be formulated (Brown & Lomolino, 1996). Primate predation studies benefit from a biogeographical approach when primates and their predators are assessed from the standpoint of four major regions: Africa, Madagascar, Asia, and the Neotropics. Since predation is thought to have affected morphological, ecological, and behavioral traits in primates (Hart, 2000; Zuberbuhler & Jenny, 2002), a comparison of the four regions may facilitate identification of broad biogeographic patterns that are associated with predation.