cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Standardization of laparoscopic pelvic examination

Objective To propose a novel standardized and reproducible system to be used for reporting positive and negative findings during diagnostic and operative laparoscopy based on anatomical landmarks. Design Video presentation of clinical article. The video uses animation and surgical cases to demonstrate a systematic examination of the female pelvis based on anatomical landmarks to establish a standardized way of reporting. Setting Tertiary care referral center. Patient(s) Not applicable. Intervention(s) Not applicable. Main Outcome Measure(s) Not applicable. Result(s) This video demonstrates a proposal to standardize laparoscopic pelvic examinations. The pelvis is topographically divided into two midline zones (zone I and II) and two paired (right and left) lateral zones (zone III and IV). Zone I is the area between the two round ligaments from their origin at the uterine cornua to their insertion in the deep inguinal rings. Zone II is the area between the two uterosacral ligaments from their origin from the back of the uterus to their insertions in the sacrum posteriorly. Zone III is the area between the uterosacral ligament inferiorly and the entire length of the fallopian tube and the infundibulo pelvic ligament superiorly. Zone III contains the tubes and the ovaries. Zone IV is the triangular area lateral to the fallopian tube and the infundibulo pelvic ligament and medial to the external iliac vessels up to the round ligament. Conclusion(s) This system is based on standardized anatomical landmarks. It is user friendly, reproducible and allows systemic search of the pelvis to document the presence or absence of any pathology. It could improve diagnostic accuracy, help diagnose lesions in anatomically challenging locations, and provide the required standardization with its clinical and academic advantages. Video is available at http://fertstertforum.com/bedaiwym-standardization-laparoscopic-pelvic-examination/.
Monte Carlo simulation study on phase function

Phase function is to determine the photon propagation direction change for each scattering step in Monte Carlo simulation. Henyey Greenstein function is widely used in the Monte Carlo program. In this study, we implement 3 different phase functions: Henyey Greenstein, Double Henyey Greenstein and Mie-Theory-Generated phase function. The results show that when light source is collimated beam or focused beam, there is remarkable difference of reflectance flux in the central region of incident light.
GENOTYPE GUIDED THERAPEUTIC DOSING OF WARFARIN IN GERIATRIC PATIENTS

More than 2 million patients(pts) are prescribed warfarin for anticoagulation in the US annually and the annual cost associated with warfarin complications is estimated to be d1.1 billion. Pharmacogenomic studies have suggested that CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genetic variants may help predict
Effect of dietary supplementation with vitamin D metabolites in an experimental model of turkey osteomyelitis complex

Supplementation with vitamin D3 was previously shown to protect Escherichia coli challenged birds that underwent two dexamethasone (DEX) treatments at 5 and 12 wk of age in an experimental model of turkey osteomyelitis complex (TOC). The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with 10 microg of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D)/ kg feed or 99 microg of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25D)/kg feed on disease resistance in the same model. Birds were fed the supplemented diets continuously and ad libitum. Seven hundred twenty turkey poults were placed into 24 floor pens in a 3 x 2 x 2 design (three vitamin D treatments, two DEX treatments, two E. coli treatments, with two replicate pens per treatment). At 5 wk of age, half of the birds were treated with DEX, and half of the DEX-treated birds and half of the nontreated birds were challenged with E. coli. All mortalities and lame birds were necropsied. At 9 wk, all of the DEX- or E. coli-treated birds were given another series of DEX injections; 2 wk later 10 birds per pen were necropsied. At 12 wk, survivors of the previous challenges were given a third DEX treatment, and all birds were necropsied 2 wk later. After the first series of DEX injections, mortality was increased in the 25D-supplemented birds that were given the DEX treatment and the E. coli challenge. After the second series of DEX injections, the main effect mean BW was significantly lower in birds given 1,25D as compared to controls and 25D-supplemented birds. Mortality was higher in 1,25D-supplemented birds that were challenged with E. coli at 5 wk and treated with DEX at 9 wk as compared to 25D-supplemented birds. The 1,25D-treated birds that were treated with DEX at 5 and 9 wk and challenged with E. coli at 5 wk had higher mortality and air sacculitis scores as compared to controls and 25D-treated birds. The main effect mean mortality was significantly higher in birds given 1,25D as compared to controls and 25D-treated birds. The percentage of birds with TOC lesions was decreased from 27% to 0 by 25D and 1,25D in the groups given two DEX treatments and E. coli challenge. After the third DEX treatment, BW of 1,25D-suppplemented birds was decreased, and mortality and air sacculitis scores were increased. Bone strength was generally increased by supplementation with 1,25D, whereas 25D supplementation increased bone strength only in birds challenged at 5 wk and treated with DEX at Weeks 9 and 12. In this study, supplementation with vitamin D metabolites decreased TOC incidence in E. coli-challenged birds given two DEX treatments. However, toxic effects were observed in most supplemented DEX-treated birds and may be attributed to an additive effect of DEX treatment, E. coli septicemia, and vitamin D supplementation.
Extraordinary behaviour of the Y1−xPrxBa2Cu3O7−δ system

Investigations of Y1−x M x Ba2Cu3O7−δ (M=Ce, Th)c-axis oriented thin film specimens show that the rate of depression ofT c withx is larger for M=Th, than for M=Ce and Pr, and suggest that Ce, like Th, is tetravalent in this compound. Hall effect measurements on Y1−x Pr x Ba2Cu3O7−δ single crystals reveal aT 2 dependence of the cotangent of the Hall angle in the normal state and a “negative Hall anomaly” belowT c in the superconducting state, in agreement with recent reports. Our research shows that the depth, Δ, of the negative Hall signal scales withT/T c and that the maximum value of Δ decreases linearly withx and vanishes atx≈0.24. Magnetoresistance measurements on Y1−x Pr x Ba2Cu3O7−δ single crystals indicate that the irreversibility lineH(T *) obeys a universal scaling relation characterized by anm=3/2 power law nearT c, with a crossover to a more rapid temperature dependence of belowT/T c ≈0.6, similar to that observed for polycrystalline specimens.
Attractive force and residual magnetism in AgO-doped and non-doped YBCO

Abstract The attractive force profiles as a function of separation between a magnet and AgO-doped and non-doped YBCO disks have been measured at 77 K. As expected the attractive force for the AgO-doped sample is significantly greater than that for the non-doped sample. The force profiles have the general shape predicted by previous investigations at 4.2 K by other authors, where the flux present upon cooling is assumed to be trapped as the magnet is withdrawn. Significant differences in detail are observed however, and these can be attributed to flux leakage at the higher temperature used in the present studies.
The spoken word

Engineers transmit more words through speech than through printed, film, or electronic media. Even though 15 to 30 percent of an engineer's day may be spent on writing, another 15 to 30 percent is generally spent in technical discussions of current work. Further, most of us can generate 1000 words in a technical discussion in far less time than we can generate 1000 words of final copy for a technical report. Engineers also transmit spoken words in formal presentations, briefings, and meetings.
Small victories: Prevention of eating disorders among athletes

Abstract Eating disorders are more common among competitive athletes. Risk factors that increase vulnerability to eating disorders include both “appearance thinness” and “performance thinness.” Prevention efforts directed to athletes have increased in the last few years and several examples of small victories are described, including prohibitions against steroid use in body builders and actions taken by the International Olympics Committee and USA Gymnastics. The need for further research into the effect of fat content on performance is needed to counter the current prevailing belief that weight and fat loss per se improve performance.
Tpetra, and the use of generic programming in scientific computing

We present Tpetra, a Trilinos package for parallel linear algebra primitives implementing the Petra object model. We describe Tpetra's design, based on generic programming via C++ templated types and template metaprogramming. We discuss some benefits of this approach in the context of scientific computing, with illustrations consisting of code and notable empirical results.
The Effect of a Negative Income Tax on Farm Business Decisions and Financial Management

production, on changes in asset-debt relationships, and on sources and purposes of farm loans. Theoretical expectations were reported by Meyer and Saupe, Bawden (1970, 1971), and Kerachsky (this issue) and are not repeated here. Multiple regression analysis was the major analytical device. All models contained a set of theoretically plausible explanatory variables to control for any differences in farm resources or demographic characteristics between controls and experimentals plus variable(s) for the tax and guarantee levels in the experimental plans. Observations from Iowa and North Carolina were not combined in the analyses because of substantial differences in the underlying agricultural production relationships.
Relationships of ultrasonic and carcass measurements with retail yield in beef cattle

Abstract Twenty-seven beef steers of mixed Hereford and Angus breeding were evaluated ultrasonically with Scanogram for subcutaneous fat thickness over the shoulder, rib, lumbar and rump, and for longissimus muscle area at two positions by two equipment operators, interpreters and methods of interpreting the muscle areas. Comparisons were made between ultrasonic and similar carcass measurements. It was concluded that subcutaneous fat thickness could be accurately measured over the rib, lumbar and rump (RSD = 0.29, 0.29 and 0.25 cm, respectively) and that longissimus muscle area could also be reliably (RSD = 4.32–5.37 cm2) measured with ultrasound. Prediction equations were developed for estimating weight and percentage primal retail and total retail yield. Longissimus muscle area, both ultrasonic and carcass, were shown to be of little value in predicting primal and total retail yield in beef steers.
ERRATUM: "FRAMING AMBIGUITY DURING PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: A KNOWLEDGE-INVOLVED PERSPECTIVE"

Product development teams sustain the level of ambiguity in product development projects through product configuration and project planning decisions. In this paper, we represent these decisions in terms of earliness, specificity and contingency of front-end activities and test their impact on project performance. We propose that product novelty mediates the impact of configuration and project decisions on performance. Our hypotheses are tested using data from a sample of radical and incremental product development projects. The results support a positive relation between earliness and contingency of front-end activities and development performance for incremental projects. Radical projects benefit from early milestones set during project planning.
Lectin studies of surface carbohydrates and induction of gland secretion in the free-living stages of Schistosoma mansoni

Secretion from glands was observed when cercariae ofSchistosoma mansoni were exposed to certain lectins. Lectins fromMaclura pomifera, Pisum sativum, andTriticum vulgaris, were effective at 7.5 μ/ml. The effects of cercarial gland secretion caused byT. vulgaris agglutinin andArachis hypogaea agglutinin were blocked by pretreatment with the inhibiting glycan. Discharge of glands was not visualized after exposure of miracidia to lectins. The distribution of five labeled lectins was determined on live miracidia and cercariae. OnlyT. vulgaris agglutinin generally labeled the cercarial and miracidial bodies. Specific labeling occurred with the other lectins on the anterior, in glands or on their secretions, in flame cells in both stages, and on an unidentified ring of cells in miracidia. The possible mechanisms involved in changes caused by the lectins are discussed.
Ten-Year Detection Rate of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations in a Large, Multiethnic, Defined Population

Background and Purpose— To evaluate whether increased neuroimaging use is associated with increased brain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM) detection, we examined detection rates in the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program of northern California between 1995 and 2004. Methods— We reviewed medical records, radiology reports, and administrative databases to identify BAVMs, intracranial aneurysms (IAs: subarachnoid hemorrhage [SAH] and unruptured aneurysms), and other vascular malformations (OVMs: dural fistulas, cavernous malformations, Vein of Galen malformations, and venous malformations). Poisson regression (with robust standard errors) was used to test for trend. Random-effects meta-analysis generated a pooled measure of BAVM detection rate from 6 studies. Results— We identified 401 BAVMs (197 ruptured, 204 unruptured), 570 OVMs, and 2892 IAs (2079 SAHs and 813 unruptured IAs). Detection rates per 100 000 person-years were 1.4 (95% CI, 1.3 to 1.6) for BAVMs, 2.0 (95% CI, 1.8 to 2.3) for OVMs, and 10.3...
Understanding Family Business Relationships: Preserving the Family in the Business:

This article provides an example of how the results of one qualitative study can be applied to a clinical case. The first part of the article contains a summary of a funded qualitative study on family business. Family members were asked to discuss how combining business with family affects their work and personal lives. In this summary, a condensed literature review is followed by a brief discussion of the research methodology and the presentation of the results. The research findings offer three categories that emerged from the participants’ responses. Next, the article presents a discussion of implications for practice with a family business case example. In this example, the author illustrates how she applied the three research categories to her clinical work with a business family.
Early Pennsylvanian Currents in the Southern Appalachian Mountains

Measurement of more than 1200 cross-beds in lower Pennsylvanian sandstones of the southern Appalachian Mountains reveals a broad pattern of sediment transport to the southwest and west. Most of the sand appears to have been derived from the east and to have moved south-westward parallel to the axis of the Appalachian geosyncline. The pattern has a similar alignment to that in the Illinois basin, but it is at right angles to earlier Paleozoic dispersal directions in the Appalachian geosyncline. Little or no sand has been contributed from the Cincinnati arch. The cross-beds are in sheetlike sandstone formations; the sandstone is conglomeratic, contains plant impressions, and is composed of lenticular, channeling, quartzose sedimentation units. The variation in thickness and lateral persistence of sedimentation units is also reflected in a moderate variability of mean cross-bedding directions between adjacent formations, and even within the same formation. Cross-bedding variability between adjacent units is thought to be due to regional changes in the position and orientation of channel-way systems from deposition of one sandstone formation to the next. Changes of cross-bedding azimuths within the same formation may result from channel curvature of local meanderlike deposits or from channel migration as the sands coalesced into a blanket deposit.
Rotating emission ring in binary systems

Representation of rotating gaseous emission rings in eclipsing binary systems by periodic orbits around more massive component in restricted three-body problem
Permeability of rock samples from Cajon Pass, California

Room temperature, steady-state flow measurements of permeability were conducted on 15 unfractured core samples collected at depths between 270 and 2100 m in the Cajon Pass drillhole. Confining and pore pressures were set to the lithostat and hydrostat for each depth. The first 500 m encountered in the drill hole is composed of sandstones with typically high permeabilities of around 10−17m². The crystalline rocks between 500 and 2100 m show a systematic decrease in permeability with depth from 10−19 to less than 10−21m². These values are particularly low relative to the applied effective stresses of only 10-30 MPa, and may be a result of the extensive crack healing that was observed in most samples.
A Single T Cell Receptor Bound to Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I and Class II Glycoproteins Reveals Switchable TCR Conformers

Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) and MHCII proteins differ in structure and sequence. To understand how T cell receptors (TCRs) can use the same set of variable regions to bind both proteins, we have presented a comparison of a single TCR bound to both MHCI and MHCII ligands. The TCR adopts similar orientations on both ligands with TCR amino acids thought to be evolutionarily conserved for MHC interaction occupying similar positions on the MHCI and MHCII helices. However, the TCR antigen-binding loops use different conformations when interacting with each ligand. Most importantly, we observed alternate TCR core conformations. When bound to MHCI, but not MHCII, Vα disengages from the Jα β strand, switching Vα's position relative to Vβ. In several other structures, either Vα or Vβ undergoes this same modification. Thus, both TCR V-domains can switch among alternate conformations, perhaps extending their ability to react with different MHC-peptide ligands.
Gender and racial stereotypes in daily newspaper comics: A time-honored tradition?

This study was designed to examine gender and minority roles in daily newspaper comics. Fifty comics from four daily newspapers were sampled during a month-long period. Gender roles were found to be stereotypical; women were underrepresented, more likely than men to be married and have children, and not as likely as men to have a job. More attention was paid to women's appearance, and female characters, when they did work, had lower job status than did male characters. Activities and behaviors were also divided along gender lines. Female characters did more of the domestic work such as child care and household chores, and male characters did more yard work. Female characters were more verbally aggressive, and most of the physical aggression was confined to “adult dramas” where men dominated. Minorities were basically nonexistent, save for a few strips that included or focused upon African Americans.
Tolerance of a protein helix to multiple alanine and valine substitutions

Background : Protein stability is influenced by the intrinsic secondary structure propensities of the amino acids and by tertiary interactions, but which of these factors dominates is not known in most cases. We have used combinatorial mutagenesis to examine the effects of substituting a good helix-forming residue (alanine) and a poor helix-forming residue (valine) at many positions in an α helix of a native protein. This has allowed us to average over many molecular environments and assess to what extent the results reflect intrinsic helical propensities or are masked by tertiary effects. Results : Alanine or valine residues were combinatorially substituted at 12 positions in α -helix 1 of λ repressor. Functional proteins were selected and sequenced to determine the degree to which each residue type was tolerated. On average, valine substitutions were accommodated slightly less well than alanine substitutions. On a positional basis, however, valine was tolerated as well as alanine at the majority of sites. In fact, alanine was preferred over valine statistically significantly only at four sites. Studies of mutant protein and peptide stabilities suggest that tertiary interactions mask the intrinsic secondary structure propensity differences at most of the remaining residue positions in this α helix. Conclusions : At the majority of positions in α -helix 1 of λ repressor, tertiary interactions with other parts of the protein can be viewed as an environmental ‘buffer' that help to diminish the helix destabilizing effects of valine mutations and allow these mutations to be tolerated at frequencies similar to alanine mutations.
Optical properties of a low-loss polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber

A low-loss and highly birefringent polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber has been fabricated. The fiber loss and modal birefringence at 1550 nm were 1.3 dB/km and 1.4×10-3, respectively.
The role of teasing in development and vice versa.

ABSTRACT.This study was undertaken because there are almost no reports in the scientific literature on the subject of teasing. Teasing changes as it expresses developmental issues from playing peek-a-boo in infancy to expressing personal issues, such as boy/girl relationships, in adolescence. The fo
Analysis of Periodic Storage and Reduction of NOx in Catalytic Monoliths

A one-dimensional two-phase model of an adsorptive catalytic monolith reactor is developed and analyzed. The model simulates the generic features of NOx storage and reduction (NSR), a periodic process involving the sequential trapping on a storage component and conversion of NOx to nitrogen under lean conditions found in the exhaust of lean burn and diesel vehicles. The reactor model includes a phenomenological microkinetic model of NSR on a bifunctional storage catalyst. We examine the effects of several design and operating parameters on the reactant conversion, including cycle timing, feed flowrate, composition, and temperature. The simulations reveal complex spatio-temporal phenomena in the form of traveling concentration and temperature waves. The extent of site blocking by oxygen of NOx adsorption is an important determinant of cyclic enhancement of the NOx conversion. The model predictions are in qualitative agreement with experimental observations reported in the literature. For example, the NOx c...
Fabrication of nano- and microstructures by electroforming

Nano and micro-structure electrode gaps were fabricated by an electroforming method. Thin film materials were fabricated on an insulator substrate and the microelectrodes with desired shapes were fabricated. Then the electroformation was carried out to produce the gap structure. Controllability of the size of these gaps was investigated by modeling and experimental method. It was found that the nanostructure of wide range of metal, metal oxides and compound semiconductors can be fabricated by this method. In this study, we have attempted formation of Al and Au. Simulation study was carried out based on finite element analysis (FEA) technique. The simulation results were verified with the experimental data.
Two-Photon Adiabatic Inversion

This Letter reports the first experimental observation of population inversion of a two-photon transition in N${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$ using the adiabatic rapid-passage technique. The population inversion was demonstrated by the observation of stimulated two-photon gain and emission. By use of this technique, the two-photon population relaxation time ${T}_{1}$ was measured.
SENSITIVITY OF THE SYNAPTIC MEMBRANE NA+/CA2+ EXCHANGER AND THE EXPRESSED NCX1 ISOFORM TO REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES

Two plasma membrane proteins, the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) and the Ca2+-ATPase, are major regulators of free intraneuronal Ca2+ levels as they are responsible for extrusion of Ca2+ from the intracellular to the extracellular medium. Because disruption of cellular Ca2+ regulation plays a role in damage occurring under conditions of oxidative stress, studies were conducted to assess the sensitivity of the NCX to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Exchanger activity in brain synaptic plasma membranes and in transfected CHO-K1 cells was inhibited following brief exposure to the peroxyl radical generating azo initiator 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride (AAPH) and to peroxynitrite. Incubation with hydrogen peroxide did not alter NCX activity, even at 800 microM concentration. In CHO-K1 cells transiently transfected with the NCX1 isoform of the exchanger, AAPH treatment decreased the maximal transport capacity (Vmax), whereas the K(act) remained unchanged. Peroxynitrite led to an increase in K(act) with no change in Vmax. Loss of activity following exposure to either AAPH or peroxynitrite was associated with the formation of high molecular weight aggregates of NCX, and AAPH also caused fragmentation of the exchanger protein. These findings suggest that the NCX is sensitive to biologically relevant ROS and could be involved in the loss of Ca2+ homeostasis observed under oxidative stress.
Visceral artery embolization after endoscopic injection of Enteryx for gastroesophageal reflux disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can be difficult to manage medically and may require endoscopic or surgical interventions. The Enteryx procedure was designed to enhance the gastroesophageal barrier function by endoscopic injection of a copolymer into the lower esophageal sphincter. We present a rare case of a patient who was found to have migration of the copolymer into the celiac trunk and bilateral renal arteries during a work-up for persistent intermittent hematuria, which began shortly after Enteryx therapy for GERD.
The Effectiveness of Coethnic Contact on Latino Political Recruitment

Since the 2000 presidential election, voter education and mobilization have witnessed a renaissance in targeted contact and segmented messaging. Candidates, political parties, and interest groups have taken advantage of advances in electronic databases to divide and subdivide the electorate into different groups and have different messages and messengers for each subgroup of voters.This article takes up the question of whether or not personalized or segmented contact during a campaign is more successful at convincing voters than “generic” contact or no contact at all. Using data from a national survey of Latino registered voters in 2004, the authors examine the impact of being contacted by a coethnic messenger on support for the Republican and Democratic Parties. While some previous studies have examined voter turnout or vote choice, this article examines the deeper implications of coethnic contact, including support for public policy and candidate favorability. The authors find that when Latinos were con...
Relationship of patient request fulfillment to compliance, glycemic control, and other health care outcomes in insulin-dependent diabetes.

Patients’ perceptions of the extent to which their health care needs have been met may affect compliance with prescribed health behaviors and related health outcomes. The authors examined the relationships of “patient request fulfillment” to patient compliance, glycemic control, and several other health care outcomes in 51 adult outpatients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. On average, patients retrospectively cited 4.5 long-term requests, of which over three-fourths were fulfilled. Fulfillment of these requests was significantly associated with patient satisfaction, perceived health status, fewer insulin reactions, and greater insulin injection time reliability (p<0.05), but not with several other measures of compliance. Higher patient request fulfillment at single visits was correlated, as hypothesized, with subsequent reduction in glycosylated hemoglobin, but this association was not statistically significant. These results suggest that patient request fulfillment is associated with several aspects of health behavior and health status in adults with insulin-dependent diabetes. Further studies are needed to confirm these observations and determine whether strategies to enhance patient request fulfillment can enhance health care outcomes.
Health reform planning models. The case of veterans hospitals.

Abstract As part of the national effort to reform healthcare, the Department of Veterans Affairs is undergoing a major reassessment of its healthcare mission. As Veterans Affairs prepares to meet the challenges of the twenty-first century, one underlying issue of critical importance is which planning assumptions will be selected and employed. Will historical patterns of veterans' use be interpreted as indicators of the market demand for Veterans Affairs healthcare services, or will estimates of disease prevalence among veterans be used as indicators of future healthcare need? If Veterans Affairs is to continue as a critical component of the nation's helthcare delivery system, its selection component of of a planning the nation's basis healthcare will have delivery major implications system, its for tomorrow's healthcare system.
Circuit-Energy Aware Discrete Bit Loading

Two fundamental problems related to multi-carrier modulation are considered in this paper. The first is finding the best modulation schemes in all subcarriers to minimize the total energy consumption required to send a given number of bits between two wireless nodes. The second is finding the best modulation schemes to maximize the number of bits transmitted between two nodes under total energy constraint. Discrete bit loading algorithms have been used to solve both problems over frequency selective channels. None of these algorithms takes the circuit energy into consideration. In this paper, we introduce new discrete bit loading algorithms to solve both problems with total energy defined as the sum of transmission energy and circuit energy. Compared to the conventional discrete bit loading algorithms, the new algorithms can achieve savings in the order of 9 dB in the energy minimization problem. 180% increase in the number of transmitted bits can also be achieved with the same total energy when compared to the existing algorithms.
Communicative influences on perceived similarity and attraction: An expansion of the interpersonal goals perspective

Recent research on interpersonal goals in communicative relationships indicates that the previously accepted positive association between attitude similarity and attraction is absent in beginning acquaintance. This interpersonal goals research manipulates attitude similarity by revealing attitudinal information about partners during pre‐acquaintance. Subsequent normal conversations appear to overcome the positive pre‐acquaintance similarity/attraction association. Claims about the demise of this association may be premature, however, given these methods. Some research suggests that information available during initial conversations may strongly influence perceptions of attitude similarity. If so, a potential initial acquaintance association between perceived similarity and attraction may be present, though undetected, in previous interpersonal goals research. The current study examines this possibility and finds support for interpersonal goals claims regarding the perceived similarity/attraction relationship.
Case report: High dose irradiation for recurrent carcinoma of the cervix following radical hysterectomy

A patient with recurrent carcinoma, after radical hysterectomy for Stage 1B carcinoma of the cervix, is presented to illustrate a technique for excluding the small bowel from high dose irradiation. With a barium meal and follow through examination, and fluoroscopy using the simulator, the ideal treatment position for the boost to high dose was determined. Consequently the patient received high dose irradiation with minimal complications and has survived for 42 months after treatment. Since a significant proportion of patients with recurrent carcinoma of the cervix have disease limited to the pelvis, many are potentially curable with high dose irradiation. Small bowel tolerance is a major dose limiting factor: the use of special techniques that limit the volume of small bowel receiving a high dose may enable these patients to have curative irradiation with minimal morbidity.
Sézary syndrome-an unusual case.

A case of Sezary syndrome is presented. Coincident with topical treatment by nitrogen mustard, an enormous rise in circulating Sezary cells was seen in the peripheral blood. The possibility of this rise as a result of the topical treatment is discussed as a possible danger in topical therapy for individuals with Sezary syndrome.
Taking the Leap into E-Learning: A Case Study of the Technology Transfer Program Training Project at the University of California at Berkeley

In 2005, the University of California at Berkeley Institute of Transportation Studies Technology Transfer Program, with funding from the California Department of Transportation, began development of an online training program for local agencies in California. Training was developed from existing classroom courses for delivery with the web-based WebEx platform. Phase 1 (the topic of this paper) focused on delivery of synchronous (live) sessions over the Internet. Phase 2 will translate these sessions into asynchronous training available 24/7 over the web. Training topics included federal aid compliance, the Americans with Disabilities Act, traffic signal timing, and transportation planning. Lessons learned during Phase 1 include how to select software platforms, how to select appropriate course content for online delivery, how to identify and select instructors who will be able to teach online successfully, and how to work with online learners.
Generalized surface thermodynamics with application to nucleation

Gibbs formulated a complete and general thermodynamics for surfaces in multicomponent fluid systems. When considering solid–fluid surfaces, he restricted attention to single-component solids in contact with fluids that could contain multiple components. Attempts that have been offered to generalize Gibbs’ results for surfaces between multicomponent solids and fluid are problematic owing to the difficulty that the surface chemical potentials for components that also reside on substitutional lattice sites in the solids are not well defined. Therefore any expressions involving these surface chemical potentials, such as the conventional definition of the surface energy, will also not be well defined. In order to formulate a general thermodynamics of equilibrium that takes into account capillary effects in systems containing surfaces between a multicomponent solids and fluids, it is shown that the concept of thermodynamic availability (exergy) can be employed that, when applied to surfaces, depends on the exte...
GABA and hypothalamic feeding systems. II. A comparison of GABA, glycine and acetylcholine agonists and their antagonists

Abstract Microinjections of various compounds into the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) were made and the effects on feeding observed. During the light phase of the lighting cycle, injections of 0.3 μl of muscimol (100 ng) and flurazepam diHCl (20 μg) increased feeding. Similar injections of glycine (500 ng) did not influence feeding during the light phase. During the dark phase, 0.3 μl injections of bicuculline methiodide (30 ng) and picrotoxin (160 ng) suppressed feeding. Similar injections of carbachol increased drinking during the dark phase. Injections of strychnine during this phase were without effect. Tilt box activity levels were not altered by injection of picrotoxin (160 ng) into the PVH.
Lateral response of underground pipelines to earthquakes

The effects that different supporting conditions have on the lateral response of underground pipeline structures to earthquakes are examined. Important factors that contribute to the response are identified and the relative importance of their effects is assessed. Efficient analytical approaches are reported with which the associated bending stresses in the pipeline can be determined, and comparisons of the results of such approaches with accurate numerical solutions show excellent agreement. At points close to the supports, the pipeline bending stresses are sensitive to changes in the supporting conditions, and the information reported in this study is useful for the evaluation of that sensitivity in design practice.
Paradoxical effect of dichloroisoproterenol on pentobarbital sleep time in hyperthyroid mice.

THE hyperthyroid state in mice has been shown to increase pentobarbital sleep time and the hypothyroid state to shorten it1. Repeated doses of epinephrine prolong pentobarbital sleep time in euthyroid and hypothyroid mice, but have no effect in hyperthyroid mice2. Thus, either hyperthyroid states or epinephrine pre-treatment alone can prolong pentobarbital sleep time, but a combination of them results in an increased sleeping time no greater than that due to thyroid alone. This suggests three possibilities: (a) the effect of one hormone is mediated through the other; (b) they both exert their effect on the same mechanism to a near maximum degree; (c) there is a mutual feedback mechanism or inhibition.
Pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell disease: Diagnosis and management

The increased survival of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) into adulthood is associated with an increased incidence of multiorgan dysfunction and a progressive systemic and pulmonary vasculopathy. The high prevalence of an elevated tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity and its association with an increased risk of death in adult patients is well established. However, there has been controversy regarding the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and its association with mortality in SCD. Multiple recently published reports demonstrate that PH as diagnosed by right heart catheterization is common in adult SCD patients, with a prevalence of 6%-11%. Furthermore, PH is associated with an increased risk of death in SCD patients. In this chapter, we provide evidence for the high prevalence of PH in SCD and its association with mortality and make recommendations for its evaluation and management. Finally, we provide the rationale for screening for this life-threatening complication in adult patients with SCD.
VOLUME CHANGES IN HEMOLYTIC SYSTEMS CONTAINING RESORCINOL, TAUROCHOLATE, AND SAPONIN

Simultaneous measurement of hemolysis, the volume of the intact cells, and the K lost from the intact cells of systems containing resorcinol, sodium taurocholate, and saponin shows that the volume increases may be conspicuously small while the K losses are large, and that the volume increases are un-equal for equal K losses produced by different lysins. In higher concentrations of the same lysins, the critical volume for hemolysis is a function of the nature of the lysin and of its concentration. It is impossible to say whether these observations are compatible with the current "dual mechanism" and "colloid osmotic" hypotheses of hemolysis, in which the swelling of the cell is supposed to result from the lysin having made it cation-permeable. The difficulty to be overcome is that the theory cannot be developed to describe volume changes in finite time unless we know what assumptions to make about the mobilities of K and Na, the forces driving them into and out of the cell, etc. The experimental results do not suggest, however, that any simple set of assumptions would be satisfactory. The conditions which regulate the upper limit of the swelling, i.e. the point at which a swelling phenomenon becomes a hemolytic phenomenon, are functions of the nature of the lysin and sometimes of its concentration. They require to be specified by an independent statement, over and above any statement which may be made about the rate at which swelling occurs in the system. The simplest view of the situation is that the conditions which regulate the critical volume and those which regulate the rate of swelling are both functions, as yet undefined, of the reaction which takes place between the lysin and the structural components of the red cell.
BAG-1 Is a Novel Cytoplasmic Binding Partner of the Membrane Form of Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor A UNIQUE ROLE FOR proHB-EGF IN CELL SURVIVAL REGULATION

Several cell functions related to growth and survival regulation have been attributed specifically to the membrane form of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (proHB-EGF), rather than to the diffusible, processed HB-EGF isoform. These findings suggest the existence of a functional binding partner specifically for the membrane form of the growth factor. In this study we have identified the prosurvival cochaperone, BAG-1, as a protein that interacts with the cytoplasmic tail domain of proHB-EGF. Interaction between BAG-1 and the 24-amino acid proHB-EGF cytoplasmic tail was initially identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen and was confirmed in mammalian cells. The proHB-EGF tail bound BAG-1 in an hsp70-independent manner and within a 97-amino acid segment that includes the ubiquitin homology domain in BAG-1 but does not include the hsp70 binding site. Effects of BAG-1 and proHB-EGF co-expression were demonstrated in cell adhesion and cell survival assays and in quantitative assays of regulated secretion of soluble HB-EGF. Because the BAG-1 binding site is not present on the mature, diffusible form of the growth factor, these findings suggest a new mechanism by which proHB-EGF, in isolation from the diffusible form, can mediate cell signaling events. In addition, because effects of BAG-1 on regulated secretion of soluble HB-EGF were also identified, this interaction has the potential to alter the signaling capabilities of both the membrane-anchored and the diffusible forms of the growth factor.
Children's Rights in Clinical Research

Purpose: To address the use of children and children's genetic information in research, analyze Icelandic laws as an example, review existing literature on children in clinical research, and describe nurses' actions as children's advocates. Method: An integrated literature review was conducted using theoretical and empirical literature on children as human subjects in clinical research. Five Icelandic laws were analyzed. Findings: Legal protection of children as human subjects is an international issue and is lacking in Icelandic legislation. In spite of an identified need to protect children as human subjects, research on children's rights in clinical research is scarce. Nurses have not taken an active stance in protecting children as human subjects. Conclusions: The recently passed Bill on Health Sector Database in Iceland raises questions about protection of human subjects regardless of age and stature. The effects of this Icelandic case could have international implications regarding centralized health care databases, ownership of data, and related ethical and legal decisions.
United States - China WTO Litigation (2001-2010): Active & Aggressive Litigants.

This is an assessment of China and U.S. litigation against each other in the WTO from 2001 through 2010. It discloses the active and aggressive nature of litigation between these two countries. It indicates an almost flawless continuation of Bush era policies by the Obama administration. If anything the Obama administration has been more active and aggressive. The study further identifies and discusses implications for U.S.-China bilateral trade relations as well as those for the WTO and the global trading system generally. This study presents a detailed chart of U.S.-China litigation in the dispute resolution system from 2001-2010. Is this litigation good or bad for global trade?
Kinematics of the human pelvis following open book injury

The objective of this study is to determine the three dimensional kinematics of the human pelvis including both sacroiliac joints following a simulated open book injury induced on cadavers by applying anterior-posterior compressive loads to the pelvis. An electromagnetic digitizing and motion tracking system was utilized to measure the morphology of the pelvis and the relative movements of its bones during this simulated open book fracture. The screw displacement axis method was used to describe the relative motion between the sacrum and each hipbone. Morphologically, it was found that the articular surfaces forming the sacroiliac joints could be approximated with planar surfaces directed from proximal and lateral to distal and medial and from posteromedial to anterolateral. The kinematic data obtained from this study indicate that there is a direct correlation between the opening of the symphysis pubis and the opening of the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) during open book injury. This suggests that the extent of injury of the SIJ maybe estimated from the degree of opening of the symphysis pubis as demonstrated on anteroposterior (A-P) x-rays. The results obtained from this study also indicate that the motion of the hipbone with respect to the sacrum on the side of the sacroiliac joint opening is almost a pure rotation, which translates clinically on the A-P x-rays as pure opening of the SIJ without vertical displacement. The average axis of rotation was found to be almost parallel to the SIJ planar articular surface. Furthermore, the pubic bone on the side of SIJ opening was found to displace inferiorly and posteriorly. One can thus conclude that in open book pelvic injuries, the pubic bone on the side of injury displaces inferiorly on the outlet projection x-rays with no vertical displacement of the SIJ. This is important since the initial assessment of the open book injury in the emergency room includes outlet projection x-rays. From this study, the relative vertical positions of the pubic bones on these x-rays can help the surgeon in differentiating open book fracture injury from other pelvic injuries.
Anaplasma phagocytophilum-Borrelia burgdorferi Coinfection Enhances Chemokine, Cytokine, and Matrix Metalloprotease Expression by Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum coinfect and are transmitted by Ixodes species ticks. Clinical indicators suggest that A. phagocytophilum coinfection contributes to the severity, dissemination, and, possibly, sequelae of Lyme disease. Previous in vitro studies showed that spirochete penetration through human brain microvascular endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier is facilitated by endothelial cell-derived matrix metalloproteases (MMPs). A. phagocytophilum-infected neutrophils continuously release MMPs and other vasoactive biomediators. We examined B. burgdorferi infection of brain microvascular barriers during A. phagocytophilum coinfection and showed that coinfection enhanced reductions in transendothelial electrical resistance and enhanced or synergistically increased production of MMPs (MMP-1, -3, -7, -8, and -9), cytokines (interleukin 6 [IL-6], IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha), and chemokines (IL-8 and macrophage inflammatory protein 1α) known to affect vascular permeability and inflammatory responses.
Learning Styles in the Age of Differentiated Instruction.

The concept of learning styles has tremendous logical and intuitive appeal, and educators' desire to focus on learning styles is understandable. Recently, a growing emphasis on differentiated instruction may have further increased teachers' tendency to look at learning styles as an instructionally relevant variable when individualizing instruction in increasingly heterogeneous classrooms. We discuss the overlapping concepts of individualized instruction and differentiated instruction, briefly review the evidence base for learning styles, and argue that instruction should indeed be individualized and differentiated. We conclude that there is insufficient evidence, however, to support learning styles as an instructionally useful concept when planning and delivering appropriately individualized and differentiated instruction.