cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bile salt-phospholipid aggregation at submicellar concentrations.

Abstract The aggregation behavior of the bile salts taurodeoxycholate (NaTDC) and sodium cholate (NaC), are followed at concentrations below critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) using the environment sensitive, fluorescent-labeled phospholipid, 2-(6-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)hexanoyl-1-hexadecanoyl- sn -glycero-3-phosphocholine (NBD-C 6 -HPC). A buffer solution containing NBD-C 6 -HPC is titrated with increasing NaC or NaTDC and the fluorescence changes followed. Both bile salts induced fluorescence changes below their critical micelle concentration indicating the presence of a bile salt–phospholipid aggregate. A critical control experiment using 6-( N -(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino) hexanoic acid (NBD-X) shows that the bile salts are interacting with the longer, C16 hydrocarbon tail, not the NBD probe. The fluorescence curves were fitted to the Hill equation as a model for cooperative aggregation. The cooperativity model provides a minimum estimate for the number of bile salts to give maximal fluorescence. This number was calculated for NaC and NaTDC to have a minimum value of ∼2. A small aggregation number supports the existence of primary micellar aggregates at submicellar concentrations for bile salt–phospholipid aqueous solutions.
Is the good news about compliance good news about cooperation

Recent research on compliance in international regulatory regimes has argued (1) that compliance is generally quite good; (2) that this high level of compliance has been achieved with little attention to enforcement; (3) that those compliance problems that do exist are best addressed as management rather than enforcement problems; and (4) that the management rather than the enforcement approach holds the key to the evolution of future regulatory cooperation in the international system. While the descriptive findings above are largely correct, the policy inferences are dangerously contaminated by endogeneity and selection problems. A high rate of compliance is often the result of states formulating treaties that require them to do little more than they would do in the absence of a treaty. In those cases where noncompliance does occur and where the effects of selection are attenuated, both self-interest and enforcement play significant roles.
A fast algorithm for lossless compression of data tables by reordering

Summary form only given. An algorithm for lossless compression of tables with numeric attributes based on row ordering is proposed. Extensive experiments were performed on randomly generated and scientific multidimensional tables with numerical attributes. The results showed that ordering is useful for compression of moderately large to large tables with intrinsic dimensionality below 20 and with attributes represented with low to moderate precision. The benefits of the iterative ordering procedure are the largest on data tables with correlated attributes and heterogeneous attribute types.
Improved regional myocardial blood flow, left ventricular unloading, and infarct salvage using an axial-flow, transvalvular left ventricular assist device. A comparison with intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation and reperfusion alone in a canine infarction model.

BACKGROUNDIt has been suggested that left ventricular unloading at the time of reperfusion provides superior infarct salvage over reperfusion alone. The purpose of this study was to show that the Hemopump transvalvular axial-flow left ventricular assist device provides superior left ventricular unloading, ischemic zone collateral blood flow, and infarct size reduction compared with intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation and reperfusion alone.METHODS AND RESULTSEighteen dogs were instrumented with regional myocardial function sonomicrometers in the ischemic and control zones. The left anterior descending coronary artery just distal to the first diagonal branch was instrumented with a silk snare and Doppler flow probe. Additionally, pressure catheters were placed in the left atrial appendage, left ventricular apex, and ascending aorta for hemodynamic measurements. Regional myocardial blood flow was determined by using 15-microns radioactive microspheres. Measurements were made in the control state, immediate...
HPV vaccine: A comparison of attitudes and behavioral perspectives between Latino and non-Latino women

Abstract Objective Recent scientific advances have lead to the development of a prophylactic, quadrivalent HPV vaccine conferring. We surveyed Latino and non-Latino women directly to examine what motivates them to vaccinate themselves, their daughters, and their sons. Methods A written survey was administered to 86 Latinas and 141 non-Latinas, ages 18–55, and attending a general medicine, gynecology, or pediatric unit at an academic center. The instrument included questions on demographics, knowledge and attitudes toward the HPV vaccine, attitudes toward HPV vaccination for the respondents' daughters and/or sons, and the effect of vaccine acceptability on women's attitudes towards their sexual behavior and cervical cancer screening practices. Results Acceptance for the HPV vaccine was high, with 73% of non-vaccinated, eligible women stating that they would vaccinate themselves. Cervical cancer prevention was the primary motivation for seeking vaccination. Most respondents reported that vaccination should still be accompanied by cervical cancer screening. Seventy-percent of eligible respondent agreed to vaccinate their daughters (97% of Latino and 68.2% of non-Latino mothers, p =0.0078). Eighty-six percent of eligible participants agreed to vaccinate their sons (92.3% of Latino and 76.9% of non-Latino mothers, p =0.0490). Cervical cancer prevention and anal/penile cancer prevention were the primary motivation reported for accepting the vaccine in their daughters and sons, respectively. Fewer than 20% of eligible respondents cited protection of women against developing cervical cancer as the motivation to vaccinate their son(s). Conclusions Among vaccine-eligible women, HPV vaccination acceptance for themselves, their daughters, and potentially their sons is high and primarily motivated by cancer prevention for the individual vaccinated.
Cross platform analysis of methylation, miRNA and stem cell gene expression data in germ cell tumors highlights characteristic differences by tumor histology

Alterations in methylation patterns, miRNA expression, and stem cell protein expression occur in germ cell tumors (GCTs). Our goal is to integrate molecular data across platforms to identify molecular signatures in the three main histologic subtypes of Type I and Type II GCTs (yolk sac tumor (YST), germinoma, and teratoma). We included 39 GCTs and 7 paired adjacent tissue samples in the current analysis. Molecular data available for analysis include DNA methylation data (Illumina GoldenGate Cancer Methylation Panel I), miRNA expression (NanoString nCounter miRNA platform), and stem cell factor expression (SABiosciences Human Embryonic Stem Cell Array). We evaluated the cross platform correlations of the data features using the Maximum Information Coefficient (MIC). In analyses of individual datasets, differences were observed by tumor histology. Germinomas had higher expression of transcription factors maintaining stemness, while YSTs had higher expression of cytokines, endoderm and endothelial markers. We also observed differences in miRNA expression, with miR-371-5p, miR-122, miR-302a, miR-302d, and miR-373 showing elevated expression in one or more histologic subtypes. Using the MIC, we identified correlations across the data features, including six major hubs with higher expression in YST (LEFTY1, LEFTY2, miR302b, miR302a, miR 126, and miR 122) compared with other GCT. While prognosis for GCTs is overall favorable, many patients experience resistance to chemotherapy, relapse and/or long term adverse health effects following treatment. Targeted therapies, based on integrated analyses of molecular tumor data such as that presented here, may provide a way to secure high cure rates while reducing unintended health consequences.
The development of instruments to measure motivational interviewing skill acquisition for school-based personnel

As specialized instructional support personnel begin learning and using motivational interviewing (MI) techniques in school-based settings, there is growing need for context-specific measures to assess initial MI skill development. In this article, we describe the iterative development and preliminary evaluation of two measures of MI skill adapted from the substance abuse field for use in school-based settings. We developed the Video Assessment of Simulated Encounters for School-Based Applications and the Written Assessment of Simulated Encounters for School-Based Applications to evaluate the initial MI skill development of school-based personnel participating in a multi-component, MI training program. Preliminary psychometric evidence supports continued development and refinement of the measures.
Fault location in meshed power networks using synchronized measurements

This paper introduces a new fault location algorithm for interconnected power networks established upon the differences of arrival times of traveling waves arriving at sparsely located synchronized recorders on any bus in the network. The performance validation of the developed method is done through an implementation on the IEEE 14-bus system by using ATP/EMTP program in collaboration with MATLAB Wavelet Toolbox.
Testing Accommodations for University Students with AD/HD: Computerized vs. Paper-Pencil/Regular vs. Extended Time.

Prompted by a previous study investigating the effects of pacing on the academic testing performance of college students with AD/HD, we further explored our preliminary findings, which suggested th...
ethnographies as texts/ethnographers as griots

West African griots or bards are charged with talking social life; they are burdened by a localized politics of representation. Ethnographers are charged with writing or filming social life; they are burdened by a globalized politics of representation. In this article, I suggest that ethnographers have much to learn from the localized practices of griots. More specifically, I argue that when ethnographers attempt to depict social life—to write or film lives—they consider following the griot's path. This means that ethnographers, like griots, spend long periods of time apprenticing themselves to elders, long periods of time mastering knowledge. This also means that ethnographers attempt not only to make contributions to social theory but also to tell the story of a people or a person with depth, respect, and poetic evocation. [ethnography, fieldwork, griots, West Africa, theory]
Stress Indices in Migrating Juvenile Chinook Salmon and Steelhead of Wild and Hatchery Origin before and after Barge Transportation

Abstract Migrating wild (W) and hatchery-reared (H) chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss juveniles were sampled after loading into fish-transport barges at Lower Granite Dam on the Snake River, Washington, and after barge transportation downstream to Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River. Stress indices (increased plasma cortisol and glucose concentrations and decreased plasma chloride concentrations) were higher (P < 0.001) for chinook salmon sampled during midseason (early to mid-May), when fish loading densities in barges were at seasonal maximums, than were stress indices for those sampled earlier or later. Cortisol concentrations in chinook salmon were correlated with steelhead densities after loading of barges (P < 0.0001, R 2 = 0.41) and after arrival of barges at Bonneville Dam (P < 0.0001, R 2 = 0.65). Cortisol concentrations were not correlated with gill Na+, K+–adenosine triphosphatase activities, which were higher in W than in H fish of both species. Cortiso...
Genome-wide characterization of methylguanosine-capped and polyadenylated small RNAs in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

Small RNAs are well described in higher eukaryotes such as mammals and plants; however, knowledge in simple eukaryotes such as filamentous fungi is limited. In this study, we discovered and characterized methylguanosine-capped and polyadenylated small RNAs (CPA-sRNAs) by using differential RNA selection, full-length cDNA cloning and 454 transcriptome sequencing of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. This fungus causes blast, a devastating disease on rice, the principle food staple for over half the world’s population. CPA-sRNAs mapped primarily to the transcription initiation and termination sites of protein-coding genes and were positively correlated with gene expression, particularly for highly expressed genes including those encoding ribosomal proteins. Numerous CPA-sRNAs also mapped to rRNAs, tRNAs, snRNAs, transposable elements and intergenic regions. Many other 454 sequence reads could not be mapped to the genome; however, inspection revealed evidence for non-template additions and chimeric sequences. CPA-sRNAs were independently confirmed using a high affinity variant of eIF-4E to capture 5′-methylguanosine-capped RNA followed by 3′-RACE sequencing. These results expand the repertoire of small RNAs in filamentous fungi.
The Simultaneous Measurement of Thermal Conductivity, Thermal Diffusivity, and Perfusion in Small Volumes of Tissue

An improved technique is presented for the “in-vivo” determination of thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and perfusion using a self-heated spherical thermistor probe. In the presence of flow, solution of the time-dependent, probe-tissue coupled thermal model allows the measurement of “effective” thermal conductivity and “effective” thermal diffusivity, which represent the thermal properties of the perfused tissue. Perfusion can be quantified from both “effective” thermal properties. In the presence of flow, it has been shown that the transient power response does not follow t −1/2 as has been previously assumed. An isolated rat liver preparation has been developed to validate the measurement technique. Radioactive microspheres are used to determine the true perfusion from the total collected hepatic vein flow. Experimental data demonstrates the ability to quantify perfusion in small volumes of tissue.
Paper 1: Computer Solution of Surge Problems:

Methods for handling the transient flow equations are developed for application of the high-speed digital computer. For incompressible flow cases ordinary nonlinear differential equations occur which are solved simultaneously by established sub-routines on the computer, such as the Runge-Kutta method. For the partial differential equations of compressible water hammer with nonlinear terms such as friction, the method of characteristics and of specified time intervals are employed for those problems in which the flow changes from one steady-state to another steady-state. For steady-oscillatory flow, impedance methods have been adapted to the computer with harmonic analysis of the exciting disturbance. Experimental evidence is presented to confirm the accuracy of the procedures for single and series pipes, for pump failures, and for reciprocating pumps. Additionally the design problem of optimum operation of a valve to minimize transient pressure fluctuations has been introduced and applied to single and se...
How to manage the patient with a high defibrillation threshold.

efibrillation threshold (DFT) testing is an integral part of mplantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) placement and ollow-up. Unfortunately, the DFT can vary widely from ay to day, influenced by many factors including electroytes, sympathetic tone, antiarrhythmic drugs, and other edications. For this reason, a 10-J safety margin between he lowest successful defibrillation energy during testing nd the maximal device output has been widely adapted as tandard practice. Analysis of 1,139 patients undergoing DFT testing after CD placement or revision at our institution demonstrated hat 6.2% had unacceptably high DFTs. Although the maority of these patients were undergoing initial ICD placeent, 37% were undergoing device revision, replacement, r upgrade. Unfortunately, a significant percentage of paients with high DFTs die of sudden cardiac death, presumbly due to inadequate defibrillation energy. In experienced ands, more than 85% of these patients can undergo system odification that provides adequate safety margins. In this rticle, we discuss therapeutic strategies to help manage atients with high DFTs.
iHarmonizer: Improving the Disk Efficiency of I/O-intensive Multithreaded Codes

Challenged by serious power and thermal constraints and limited by available instruction-level parallelism, processor designs have evolved to multi-core architectures. These architectures, many augmented with native simultaneous multithreading, are driving software developers to use multithreaded programs to exploit thread-level parallelism. While multithreading is well known to introduce concerns of data dependency and CPU load balance, less known is that the uncertainty of relative progress of thread execution can cause patterns of I/O requests, issued by different threads, to be effectively random and so significantly degrade hard-disk efficiency. This effect can severely offset the performance gains from parallel execution, especially for I/O-intensive programs. Retaining the benefits of multithreading while not losing I/O efficiency is an urgent and challenging problem. We propose a user-level scheme, iHarmonizer, to streamline the servicing of I/O requests from multiple threads in the Open MP programs. Specifically, we use the compiler to insert code into Open MP programs so that data usage can be transmitted at run time to a supporting run-time library that prefetches data in a disk friendly way and coordinates threads' execution according to the availability of their requested data. Transparent to the programmer, iHarmonizer makes a multithreaded program I/O efficient while maintaining the benefits of parallelism. Our experiments show that iHarmonizer can significantly speed up the execution of a representative set of I/O-intensive scientific benchmarks.
Pneumococcal Infection and Immunization in Children

Pneumococcal infection persists as a major cause of pneumonia, bacteremia, and otitis media and is the important cause of meningitis in young children. Children less than 2 years of age show the highest incidence of pneumococcal diseases. Pneumococcal types 6A + 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F + 19A, and 23F account for the large majority of disease isolates in the pediatric population. Bacterial clearance and antibody response were studied in young mice from mothers injected with pneumococcal type 9V polysaccharide (PS) conjugated with the inactivated pneumolysin to examine the protective immunity of young mice to pneumococcal infection. The injection of mice with pneumococcal PS-protein conjugate conferred the protective immunity to pneumococcal infection. The efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine might be enhanced by addition of inactivated pneumolysin in the form of PS-protein conjugate. The molecular size of pneumococcal type 19F PS or oligosaccharide used for preparing the PS-protein conjugate has a profound effect on the antibody response to the PS. The conjugate immunogen prepared from a large molecule of 19F PS produced a high antibody response to the PS in young mice. Development of a PS-protein conjugate vaccine for selected pneumococcal types will help in solving problems of poor immunogenicity of pneumococcal PS vaccine in young children.
Comparison of Plantar Flexor Musculotendinous Stiffness, Geometry, and Architecture in Male Runners With and Without a History of Tibial Stress Fracture

Greater lower extremity joint stiffness may be related to the development of tibial stress fractures in runners. Musculotendinous stiffness is the largest contributor to joint stiffness, but it is unclear what factors contribute to musculotendinous stiffness. The purpose of this study was to compare plantar flexor musculotendinous stiffness, architecture, geometry, and Achilles tendon stiffness between male runners with and without a history of tibial stress fracture. Nineteen healthy runners (age = 21 ± 2.7 years; mass = 68.2 ± 9.3 kg; height = 177.3 ± 6.0 cm) and 19 runners with a history of tibial stress fracture (age = 21 ± 2.9 years; mass = 65.3 ± 6.0 kg; height = 177.2 ± 5.2 cm) were recruited from community running groups and the university’s varsity and club cross-country teams. Plantar flexor musculotendinous stiffness was estimated from the damped frequency of oscillatory motion about the ankle follow perturbation. Ultrasound imaging was used to measure architecture and geometry of the medial ga...
Notes on White and Black Psychology

The distinctive characteristic of the black psychology of the future is its adoption of an explicit goal, the liberation of black people. Traditional psychology has not been merely apathetic towards this goal; it has actively opposed it. This is seen not so much in the behavior of individual whites as in the behavior of the systems of which they are a part. Four specific areas in which traditional psychology is found wanting with respect to black needs and concerns are ethics, concepts, methods, and politics. The implication is that black students should shift their attention away from traditional psychology and turn it towards the development of a new black psychology.
Extrapyramidal Reactions Associated With Serotonergic Antidepressants

Objective: Extrapyramidal reactions (EPRs) associated with serotonergic antidepressant treatments have been reported since 1958. These reactions can be distressing for patients and complicate treatment. Our objective was to complete a follow-up review of published EPR cases reported for serotonergic antidepressants. Data Sources: Published cases between January 1998 and May 2015 were collected through a medical literature search. Citation reference lists were also searched manually. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Identified cases were reviewed for patient age, gender, psychiatric diagnosis, dosage, time to reaction onset, concurrent medications, and EPR description. Cases were excluded when there was not a clear description, if descriptions were not consistent with accepted deﬁnitions, or if the written English was poor. We included cases of akathisia, dystonia, dyskinesia, parkinsonism, or mixed EPRs. Authors scored each case using the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale. Data Synthesis...
CRISPR Technology for Genome Activation and Repression in Mammalian Cells

Targeted modulation of transcription is necessary for understanding complex gene networks and has great potential for medical and industrial applications. CRISPR is emerging as a powerful system for targeted genome activation and repression, in addition to its use in genome editing. This protocol describes how to design, construct, and experimentally validate the function of sequence-specific single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) for sequence-specific repression (CRISPRi) or activation (CRISPRa) of transcription in mammalian cells. In this technology, the CRISPR-associated protein Cas9 is catalytically deactivated (dCas9) to provide a general platform for RNA-guided DNA targeting of any locus in the genome. Fusion of dCas9 to effector domains with distinct regulatory functions enables stable and efficient transcriptional repression or activation in mammalian cells. Delivery of multiple sgRNAs further enables activation or repression of multiple genes. By using scaffold RNAs (scRNAs), different effectors can be recruited to different genes for simultaneous activation of some and repression of others. The CRISPRi and CRISPRa methods provide powerful tools for sequence-specific control of gene expression on a genome-wide scale to aid understanding gene functions and for engineering genetic regulatory systems.
Computed tomography in the diagnosis and staging of cholangiocarcinoma and pancreatic carcinoma

This paper is a review of the current techniques and results of helical CT in the diagnosis and staging of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma of the intra and extrahepatic biliary ducts. CT has a diagnostic accuracy rate of over 95% for detection and diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma and close to 100% in staging unresectable tumors. The accuracy of staging surgically resectable tumors is about 80%. Accuracy of determining the level of biliary obstruction caused by cholangiocarcinoma is close to 100%. The accuracy of making a specific diagnosis is about 78%.
Energy-independent total quantum transmission of electrons through nanodevices with correlated disorder

In nanostructures with no appreciable scattering, electrons propagate ballistically, and hence have energy-independent total quantum transmission. For an incoming electron of energy $E$, the probability $\mathcal{T}(E)$ of transmission is obtained from the solution of the time-independent Schr\"odinger equation. Ballistic transport hence corresponds to $\mathcal{T}(E)=1$. We show that there is a wide class of nanostructures with correlated disorder that have $\mathcal{T}(E)=1$ for all propagating modes, even though they can have strong scattering. We call these nanostructures quantum dragons. An exact mathematical mapping for quantum transmission valid for a large class of atomic arrangements is presented within the single-band tight-binding model. Quantum transmission through a nanostructure is exactly mapped onto quantum transmission through a one-dimensional chain. The mapping is applied to carbon nanotubes in the armchair and zigzag configurations, Bethe lattices, conjoined Bethe lattices, Bethe lattices with hopping within each ring, and tubes formed from rectangular and orthorhombic lattices. The mapping shows that tuning tight-binding parameters to particular correlated values gives $\mathcal{T}(E)=1$ for all the systems studied. A quantum dragon has the same electrical conductivity as a ballistic nanodevice, namely, in a four-terminal measurement the electrical resistance is zero, while in a two-terminal measurement for the single-channel case, the electrical conductivity is equal to the conductance quantum ${G}_{0}=2{e}^{2}/h$, where $h$ is Planck's constant and $e$ the electron charge. We find $\mathcal{T}(E)=1$ is ubiquitous but occurs only on particular surfaces in the tight-binding parameter space.
PS1-8: EMR v. Insurance Type Data in the VDW across HMORN Sites

Background/Aims To describe the various organization models across the HMORN and the resulting data.
A Comparison between Heparin and Low-Dose Aspirin as Adjunctive Therapy with Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abstract Background. We report the results of the Heparin—Aspirin Reperfusion Trial, a collaborative study comparing early intravenous heparin with oral aspirin as adjunctive treatment when recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is used for coronary thrombolysis during acute myocardial infarction. Methods. Two hundred five patients were randomly assigned to receive either immediate and then continuous intravenous heparin (starting with a 5000-unit bolus; n = 106) or immediate and then daily oral aspirin (80 mg; n = 99) together with rt-PA (100 mg intravenously over a six-hour period) initiated within six hours of the onset of symptoms. We evaluated the patency of the infarct-related artery by angiography 7 to 24 hours after beginning rt-PA infusion, the frequency of reocclusion of the artery by repeat angiography on day 7, and ischemic or hemorrhagic complications during the hospital stay. Results. At the time of the first angiogram, 82 percent of the infarct-related arteries in the patients ass...
227 DIFFUSE NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF VULNERABLE PLAQUE IN EX VIVO HUMAN CORONARY ARTERY TISSUE: FEASIBILITY.

Purpose The objective of this research is to assess the feasibility of using fiber-based, diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) for quantitatively differentiating between stable and vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. Methods Diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) is a technique that combines experimental measurements and model-based data analysis to measure the bulk absorption (μa) and scattering (μs′) properties of highly scattering media. DOS typically uses red and near-infrared (NIR) light, especially from 600 to 1,000 nm, where light propagation in tissue is scattering dominated. Diffusive photons probe a large sample volume, providing macroscopically averaged absorption and scattering properties at depths up to a few centimeters. In this study we used a probe developed at Beckman Laser Institute to measure optical properties of a 3 cm × 4 cm sample from ex vivo human aorta obtained from UCIMC that was diagnosed with atherosclerosis postmortem. Results There were three histologically different tissue types in the sample. The tissue types were type V with a thin cap, type V with a thick cap, and type VI atherosclerotic lesions. The quantitative spectroscopic results indicate that in terms of scattering properties of the sample tissue, type V (large cap) scatters more than type V (thin cap), which, in turn, scatters more than type VI. This property reveals information about tissue structure. On the other hand, the absorption spectra of the sample, which reveals information about the biochemical composition, has the opposite pattern; type VI absorbs more than type V (thin cap), which absorbs more than type V (large cap). Conclusion The three tissue types all showed different scattering and absorption spectra at different near-infrared wavelengths. Therefore, it may be possible to differentiate between stable and vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques using the fiber-based DOS probe in steady-state frequency domain photon migration (SS-FDPM).
A numerical study of swirling flow under a strong magnetic field

Based on spectral projection method,a numerical study of swirling flow,which is steady,axisymmetric and generated by the rotation of upper lid of an enclosed cylinder,is investigated. The spectral projection method is that a second order projection method is cho-sen to temporal discretize the Navier-Stokes equations,and the collocation spectral method is adopt to solve these undecoupled equations which are decoupled by the projection method. The collocation spectral method has the characteristic of high accuracy and is easy to overcome the pole problem in cylindrical coordinates system. In the presence of an axial uniform magnetic field,the effects of magnetic field on the swirling flow are analyzed,and the conductivities of the upper lid,lower base and side wall are considered. The results show that,when the conductivity of the upper lid is insulating,a Hartmann layer appears,and when the conductivity is perfectly conducting,the layer doesn't appear any more,meanwhile the circulation is stronger.
Self-Adjusting Underwater Acoustic Channel Estimation and Communication Algorithms Based on Decision Feedback Equalizer

Based on analysis of the LS-series channel estimation algorithms,the matching pursuit(MP)algorithm with small computation amount was improved by importing both a threshold adjusting mechanism which could effectively avoid false paths and an iterative correction method to increase the estimation precision for important coefficients of the sparse underwater acoustic channel.In order to overcome the dependence on the information of channel's length,a novel channel estimation algorithm which could adapt to real channel's length was proposed.Decision feedback equalizer(DFE)coefficients were computed recurring to the real-time channel estimation results while the evaluation of channel estimation's quality which could be fed back to adjust channel estimation algorithm was given using DFE's output signals.The novel algorithm could effectively implement estimations for unknown underwater acoustic environments which also benefited reliable underwater acoustic communications.The proposed method was validated by simulations and experiments.
The new taxonomy in infections.

Microorganisms previously disregarded, unknown, or known by other names now make up a significant proportion of the pathogens responsible for human infectious diseases. In this first article of a new series, the clinical manifestations of the new, the “obscure,” and the renamed pathogens are discussed in terms of the differentiation, diagnosis, and management of specific diseases.
Extending Database Accelerators for Data Transformations and Predictive Analytics.

The IBM DB2 Analytics Accelerator (IDAA) integrates the strong OLTP capabilities of DB2 for z/OS with very fast processing of OLAP workloads using Netezza technology. The accelerator is attached to DB2 as analytical processing resource { completely transparent for user applications. But all data modications must be carried out by DB2 and are replicated to the accelerator internally. However, this behavior is not optimized for ELT processing and predictive analytics or data mining workloads where multi-staged data transformations are involved. We present our work for extending IDAA with accelerator-only tables, which enable direct data transformations without any necessary interventions by DB2. Further, we present a framework for executing arbitrary in-database analytics operations on the accelerator while ensuring data governance aspects like privilege management on DB2 and allowing to ingest data from any other source directly to the accelerator to enrich analytics e. g., with social media data. The evolutionary framework design maintains compatibility with existing infrastructure and applications, a must-have for the majority of customers, while allowing complex analytics beyond read-only reporting.
Gradient liquid chromatographic method for determination of chlorhexidine and its degradation products in bulk material

A liquid chromatographic method was developed for determination of chlorhexidine and its degradation products in unformulated drug substance. A nonlinear gradient from 80% 0.1M ammonium acetate buffer, pH 5.0, to 20% buffer over 90 min (balance is acetonitrile) is applied to a 3 microns octadecylsilane bonded-phase column. The drug and some of its degradation products are determined at 230 nm. Of 11 previously identified degradation products, 9 are determined with good precision (relative standard deviation of peak area is < 2%).
Iterative Techniques for Nonlinear Periodic Boundary Value Problems (PBVPs) via Initial Value Problems

We develop constructive methods for solving periodic boundary value problems (PBVPs) associated with a nonlinear first order scalar differential equation in a unified setting. The method of generalized quasilinearization which we employ yields rapid convergence of monotone iterates to the solution of the PBVP. The monotone iterates in our approach are solutions of linear initial value problems (IVPs) as opposed to the linear PBVPs which appear in conventional methods. We provide graphical and numerical illustrations of our results.
Introduction: Conditionality in Crisis?

As late as 2013, Europe was said to be in crisis. The future of the euro was in doubt, threatened by bank bailouts and sovereign debt. Recession rocked the continent, helped along by austerity measures that generated social unrest, and newspapers declared the future of the European Union (EU) itself to be imperiled. Coverage of such disorder in European affairs suggested that the period since late 2009 — when the Greek government first announced the state had been grossly under-reporting its budget deficit — had been something of an aberration; a formerly harmonious Europe had been ripped asunder by bad assets, overleveraged banks, public bailouts, and profligate spending. Yet from another vantage point, crisis — and anxious anticipation of the next crisis — has been the very stuff of European Union. Crisis re-made the idea of ‘Europe’, and it is fear of crisis — particularly anxieties about the political, economic, and social cohesion of the continent following the collapse of communist states in the east — that has rationalized the functional and geographic expansion of the Union. Crisis propels the ‘European project’ haphazardly forward. Disharmony is an invitation to governance.
Large Eddy Simulations of the Effects of EMBr and SEN Submergence Depth on Turbulent Flow in the Mold Region of a Steel Caster

Transient turbulent flow in the mold region during continuous casting of steel is related to many quality problems, such as surface defects and slag entrainment. This work applies an efficient multi-GPU based code, CUFlow, to perform large eddy simulations (LES) of the turbulent flow in a domain that includes the slide gate, SEN, and mold region. The computations were first validated by comparing the predicted surface velocity with plant measurements. Then, seven LES simulations were conducted to study the effects of casting speed, electromagnetic braking (EMBr) field strength, and submerged entry nozzle (SEN) depth on the transient flow. The results show that EMBr has an important influence on flow inside the SEN, in addition to flow in the mold. With EMBr, an “M-shaped” flow profile is seen inside the SEN. The swirling flow behavior in the SEN and ports is more symmetrical at high casting speed and with higher EMBr strength. The position of the SEN ports relative to the peak magnetic field affects the EMBr performance. The results confirm and quantify how applying EMBr greatly lowers both the magnitude and turbulent variations of the surface velocity and level profile.
Understanding Indigenous Innovation in Rural West Africa: Challenges to Diffusion of Innovations Theory and Current Social Innovation Practice

AbstractMost social innovation (SI) work done in developing countries is carried out through development agencies that focus on initiating innovations and processes, and establishing institutions that cultivate a change-oriented mindset. I offer a general critique of that approach and I link that critique with my observations from 15 years living and working among rural indigenous people in West Africa. I suggest that, not only do much of the SI processes fail to show respect for the creativity and intelligence of indigenous people, they tend to come packaged with exogenous participatory processes, encourage scaling-up, and ignore innovation that is already occurring. These arguments set the stage for an examination of a system of innovation that I discovered operating in a Hausa village in Niger. This system not only challenges the most important theory explaining the adoption and spread of ideas, the diffusion of innovations, it also demonstrates how indigenous people in one of the poorest countries on ...
Optimization of hydrolysis conditions for release of biopesticides from glucosinolates in Brassica juncea and Sinapis alba seed meal extracts

Abstract Development of alternative, economically sound methods of pest control is a priority in modern agriculture due to the rise in pest resistance and increased demand for organic crops. Although Brassicaceae seed meals have demonstrated promise as natural pesticides, use is limited by the bulky nature of the material and inconsistent efficacy. Here is presented an optimization of hydrolysis conditions for production of pesticidal compounds from extracts of yellow (Sinapis alba L.) and Oriental (Brassica juncea L.) mustards. Upon hydrolysis by the endogenous enzyme myrosinase, glucosinolates sinigrin and sinalbin naturally present in mustard produce biologically active 2-propenyl isothiocyanate and SCN−, respectively. Hydrolysis solution composition, time, and amount of mustard seed meal as a source of myrosinase were optimized to result in maximum production of 2-propenyl isothiocyanate from B. juncea and SCN− from S. alba extracts. Using optimized conditions, the release of active pesticidal compounds from the extract can be achieved within 48 h. Formulated extracts can be prepared in such a manner that they will be potentially suitable for organic certification.
Providing Effective Feedback Online

In the context of teaching and learning, both students and teachers give and receive feedback. A course should provide a non-threatening environment where students can express themselves to the instructor and other students. Students need continuing and timely feedback about their work and their performance. Using effective feedback helps ensure that students’ needs are being met and that they engage in high quality learning. The focus of this paper is to explore formative feedback where the main purpose is to instruct and help the learner have a greater opportunity to learn in the future. Examples, lessons learnt, and best practices are included from the author’s experience of teaching online, and from nearly 200 online teachers. This paper is mainly concerned with providing feedback to students, and as such, feedback is a response to a learner’s work or activity that helps the learner understand more clearly his or her progress, or serves to help the learner improve his or her learning or performance. This can be communication between the instructor and the student, among the students, or self-reflection and self-evaluation of the student in terms of his or her strengths and aspects related to improvement regarding learning activities. To be effective, feedback provided to students should focus on closing the gap between the student’s present thinking or performance and the desired goal. Ongoing formative assessment should be undertaken during the course or the programme.
Vortex structures in rotating 3 He-A

In the hydrodynamic approximation, the free energy of high-field Seppala-Volovik vortices in rotating3He-A is minimized with respect to an additional textural rotation angle. The transition from singular, singly quantized vortices to nonsingular, doubly quantized vortices is predicted to occur at a temperature-dependent angular velocity of order 1 rad / sec, in rough agreement with experimental observations.
Chapter 1 Adhesion and counteradhesion: morphogenetic functions of the cell surface

Publisher Summary The cell surface is central to morphogenetic events. It has been proposed that interactions between the cytoskeleton and the cytoplasmic portions of particular receptors could act to transmit internal cellular states to the cell surface and that, reciprocally, the interactions of such receptors with various ligands could alter the state of the cytoskeleton and affect intracellular signals. This chapter illustrates examples derived from studies in the laboratory, emphasizing properties of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and their place dependent expression. It also presents an example of a molecule in the substrate adhesion molecules (SAMs) family, cytotactin, that has interesting mixed functions. Interactions with cytotactin can alter cell shape and motion and also inhibit adhesive events. Finally, the chapter deals with a central question of morphogenesis—that is, how genes control the place-dependent expression of CAMs and SAMs in the embryo. Knowledge about this important process is quite scanty but recent observations on the promoter regions of CAMs and SAMs and their control by homeobox-containing genes promise to help one obtain a satisfactory answer to this question.
Period-3 Motions in a Periodically Forced, Damped, Double-Well Duffing Oscillator With Time-Delay

In this paper, period-3 motions in a double-well Duffing oscillator with time-delay are predicted by a semi-analytical method. The implicit mapping structures of period-3 motions are constructed through the implicit mappings obtained by discretization of the corresponding differential equation. Complex period-3 motions are predicted through nonlinear algebraic equations of the implicit mappings in the mapping structures and the corresponding stability and bifurcation are carried out through eigenvalue analysis. Numerical and analytical results of complex period-3 motions are obtained and the corresponding frequency-amplitude characteristics are presented.Copyright © 2017 by ASME
THE IMPACT OF MINDFULNESS SKILLS ON INTERACTIONS BETWEEN DIRECT CARE STAFF AND ADULTS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES

Abstract Interacting positively with clients with severe disabilities who exhibit challenging behaviors can be difficult for human service agency staff. Research findings have demonstrated the importance of caregiver interactions on quality of life outcomes for both clients and caregiver, thus underscoring the importance of strategies for enhancing positive interactions. One intervention that has been explored is Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and the establishment of mindfulness as a behavioral repertoire. While much research on mindfulness has directly evaluated changes in client behavior, there is little research specifically on the effectiveness of mindfulness as a behavioral repertoire on caregiver interactions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ACT, specifically the use of mindfulness techniques, on improving caregiver interactions towards adult clients with developmental disabilities. Results of this study suggest that mindfulness techniques are effective at improving caregiver interactions towards clients, as indicated by an increased number of caregiver interactions following mindfulness training and during follow-up maintenance probes. Results are discussed in terms of the practical significance of mindfulness as a component of staff training protocols.
Parallel pumping of a ferromagnetic nanostripe: Confinement quantization and off-resonant driving

The parametric excitation of spin waves in a rectangular, ferromagnetic nanowire in the parallel pump configuration and with an applied field along the long axis of the wire is studied theoretically, using a semi-classical and semi-analytic Hamiltonian approach. We find that as a function of static applied field strength, there are jumps in the pump power needed to excite thermal spin waves. At these jumps, there is the possibility to non-resonantly excite spin waves near kz = 0. Spin waves with negative or positive group velocity and with different standing wave structures across the wire width can be excited by tuning the applied field. By using a magnetostatic Green's function that depends on both the nanowire's width and thickness—rather than just its aspect ratio—we also find that the threshold field strength varies considerably for nanowires with the same aspect ratio but of different sizes. Comparisons between different methods of calculations are made and the advantages and disadvantages of each a...