cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling urban growth with geographically weighted multinomial logistic regression

Spatial heterogeneity is usually ignored in previous land use change studies. This paper presents a geographically weighted multinomial logistic regression model for investigating multiple land use conversion in the urban growth process. The proposed model makes estimation at each sample location and generates local coefficients of driving factors for land use conversion. A Gaussian function is used for determine the geographic weights guarantying that all other samples are involved in the calibration of the model for one location. A case study on Springfield metropolitan area is conducted. A set of independent variables are selected as driving factors. A traditional multinomial logistic regression model is set up and compared with the proposed model. Spatial variations of coefficients of independent variables are revealed by investigating the estimations at sample locations.
Cobalt-59 NMR of six-coordinate cobalt(III) tetraphenylporphyrin complexes. 4. The effect of phenyl ortho substituents on chemical shift, line width, and structure

The 59 Co NMR spectra have been recorded for a series of sterically congested six-coordinate cobalt(III) porphyrins of the type Co(por)(RIm) 2 + , where RIm is imidazole or 1-methylimidazole and por is the dianion of tetramesitylporphyrin (TMP) or tetrakis(2,6-dichlorophenyl)porphyrin (TDCPP)
Adenovirus-mediated expression of caveolin-1 in mouse liver increases plasma high-density lipoprotein levels.

Caveolae are 50−100 nm plasma membrane invaginations, which function in cell signaling and transcytosis, as well as in regulating cellular cholesterol homeostasis. These subcompartments of the plasma membrane are characterized by the presence of caveolin proteins. Recent studies have indicated that caveolae may be involved in the regulation of cellular cholesterol efflux to HDL, as well as selective uptake mediated by SR-BI. In the present study, we have determined the effect of caveolin-1 overexpression in mouse liver on plasma lipoprotein metabolism. We evaluated this effect using an adenovirus-mediated gene delivery system. C57BL/6J mice were injected with adenoviruses encoding either caveolin-1 (Adcav-1) or green fluorescent protein (AdGFP) together with a transactivator adenovirus (AdtTA). We found that, after adenovirus injection, caveolin-1 was overexpressed in hepatocytes. Moreover, the recombinant protein was localized to the plasma membrane. We also found that caveolin-1 overexpression induced a...
Comparison of albumin, IgG., and IgM isolated from dysgammaglobulinemic and normal sera

Abstract 1. 1. Albumin, IgG, and IgM isolated from dysgammaglobulinemic and normal sera were compared physicochemically. 2. 2. The preparations were homogeneous by moving boundary electrophoresis and immuno-electrophoresis. 3. 3. Albumins and IgG preparations were homogeneous by sedimentation. IgM preparations contained subunits as contaminants in both preparations. 4. 4. Isoelectric points (p1) were the same for both preparations of albumin and IgM; however, the pI for IgG from dysgammaglobulinemic serum was 7–25 while the pI for IgG from normal serum was 6–50. 5. 5. Molecular weights of albumin and IgG by osmotic pressure agreed well with those determined by sedimentation equilibrium.
Multiplexed DNA sequencing and diagnostics by hybridization with enriched stable isotope labels

A new DNA diagnostic and sequencing system has been developed that uses time-of-flight resonance ionization mass spectrometry (TOF-RIMS) to provide a rapid method of analyzing stable isotope-labeled oligonucleotides in form 1 sequencing by hybridization (SBH). With form 1, the DNA is immobilized on a nylon membrane and enriched isotope-labeled individual oligonucleotide probes are free to seek out complementary DNAs during hybridization. The major advantage of this new approach is that multiple oligonucleotides can be labeled with different enriched isotopes and can all be simultaneously hybridized to the genosensor matrix. The probes can then be simultaneously detected with TOF-RIMS with high selectivity, sensitivity, and efficiency. By using isotopically enriched tin labels, up to 10 labeled oligonucleotides could be examined in a single hybridization to the DNA matrix. Greater numbers of labels are available if rare earth isotopes are employed. In the present study, matrices containing three different ...
Amplification of HER-2/neu gene in human gastric adenocarcinomas: correlation with primary site

Adenocarcinomas of the proximal stomach including the gastroesophageal junction are extremely virulent cancers which are increasing rapidly in incidence. Stage-for-stage proximal gastric cancers have a worse prognosis than do tumors of the body or antrum of the stomach. To further explore biological differences based on site, we studied 80 patients with locally advanced primary tumours of the proximal ( n = 40) and distal stomach ( n = 40) for amplification of the HER-2/ neu proto-oncogene. None of 40 patients with proximal lesions had overexpression of HER-2/ neu , whereas four of 40 (10%) distal adenocarcinomas had a 16–24-fold gene amplification ( P = 0.04). In the adenocarcinomas from two patients, gene rearrangements were found in addition to amplification. HER-2/ neu gene product p185 over-expression was found only in the amplified cases. All four patients with distal tumors and amplification had rapid progression of disease (median survival: 4.3 months). While it is unclear why HER-2/ neu amplification is seen only in distal tumors, these data further support the hypothesis that biological differences between proximal and distal lesions are present. As is the case for other tumours, HER-2/ neu amplification is associated with a poor prognosis for the individual patient.
Sexual body esteem and mindfulness in college women

Literature suggests that many young women hold negative perceptions of their sexual bodies and facial features. This may be related to deficits in mindfulness, manifested by rigid and automatic thoughts, feelings, and behavior about one's sexual body. The present study examined the relationships between the five factors of mindfulness measured by the Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and sexual body esteem, measured by the Sexual Attractiveness subscale of the Body Esteem Scale (BES) in 79 college women. A multiple regression was performed to examine the relationship between sexual body esteem and the factors of mindfulness. The Observing and Describing subscales were significantly and positively predictive of sexual body esteem while Non-reactivity to Inner Experience was significantly and negatively predictive of sexual body esteem. This relationship may have implications for future research and clinical practice.
Prebrowned Fried Chicken: 2. Evaluation of Predust Materials

Abstract As a result of research on methods of preparing a prebrowned chicken product, a new method was developed. This consisted of (1) predusting, battering and breading, (2) frying briefly, (3) steaming until done, then (4) retrying, after which it is refrigerated or frozen for reheating later. However, adhesion of the crust was a problem, and an investigation was made of the effectiveness of a number of materials as predusts. These can be classified as protein materials, starches, and gums and alginates. The chicken pieces were dusted with the selected predust material, battered and breaded, then cooked as described above. They were judged for degree of adhesion by a panel of 10 judges, both as soon as cooled and reheated after frozen storage. Yields were also calculated. In general, high protein materials produced crusts with better adhension than starches, gums and alginates. Materials producing the best adhesion, in order, were dried egg albumen, vital wheat gluten and soy concentrate, the first two being very acceptable, the third moderately acceptable. High adhesion scores also result in low cooking losses and high yields, with dried albumen producing the lowest cooking loss (8–9%) and highest yields (116%).
Effects from New Colored States and the Higgs Portal on Gluon Fusion and Higgs Decays

We study effects from new colored states and the Higgs portal on gluon fusion production. We isolate possible loop contributions from new colored scalars, fermions, and vectors, incorporating effects from Higgs portal-induced scalar mixing, leading to dramatic effects on gluon fusion and branching fractions. Higgs identification must generally allow for these effects, and using our results, possible tensions from fits to the Standard Model expectation can be relieved by inclusion of New Physics effects.
Mercury(II) complexes with sulfhydryl containing chelating agents: Stability constant inconsistencies and their resolution

An experimental study has been carried out to provide information on the nature of the inconsistencies in previously reported values of the stability constants of mercury(II) complexes with sulfhydryl containing chelating agents. Stability constants have been determined for the mercury(II) complexes with d,l-penicillamine (PA), N-Acetyl-d,l-penicillamine (NAPA). 2,3-dimercaptopropanesulfonate (DMPS), and 2,3-dimercaptopropanol-1 (BAL) using a titration procedure involving simultaneous measurements with a glass and a mercury electrode. The stability constants obtained in this manner were of the order of 1035–1044. Chelating agents with two sulfhydryl groups give complexes with mercury(II) whose K1 values are greater by a factor of 107 than those which contain but a single sulfhydryl group. Arguments are presented in favor of the validity of such large values.
Physical and Functional Interaction between Human Oxidized Base-specific DNA Glycosylase NEIL1 and Flap Endonuclease 1

The S phase-specific activation of NEIL1 and not of the other DNA glycosylases responsible for repairing oxidatively damaged bases in mammalian genomes and the activation of NEIL1 by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) suggested preferential action by NEIL1 in oxidized base repair during DNA replication. Here we show that NEIL1 interacts with flap endonuclease 1 (FEN-1), an essential component of the DNA replication. FEN-1 is present in the NEIL1 immunocomplex isolated from human cell extracts, and the two proteins colocalize in the nucleus. FEN-1 stimulates the activity of NEIL1 in vitro in excising 5-hydroxyuracil from duplex, bubble, forked, and single-stranded DNA substrates by up to 5-fold. The disordered region near the C terminus of NEIL1, which is dispensable for activity, is necessary and sufficient for high affinity binding to FEN-1 (KD ≅ 0.2 μm). The interacting interface of FEN-1 is localized in its disordered C-terminal region uniquely present in mammalian orthologs. Fine structure mapping identified several Lys and Arg residues in this region that form salt bridges with Asp and Glu residues in NEIL1. NEIL1 was previously shown to initiate single nucleotide excision repair, which does not require FEN-1 or PCNA. The present study shows that NEIL1 could also participate in strand displacement repair synthesis (long patch repair (LP-BER)) mediated by FEN-1 and stimulated by PCNA. Interaction between NEIL1 and FEN-1 is essential for efficient NEIL1-initiated LP-BER. These studies strongly implicate NEIL1 in a distinct subpathway of LP-BER in replicating genomes.
The surface pressure dependency of the enzymatic hydrolysis of lipid monolayers enzyme denaturation at the air-water interface

Insoluble monolayers of dioctanoyl lecithin show a change in surface state at pressures near 3.5 dynes/cm, as judged by surface potential-surface concentration measurements and from surface-pressure area data. The phospholipase A2 of Crotalus atrox venom and one from porcine pancreas show no surface-pressure rate dependency when acting upon a given state of dioctanoyl lecithin monolayer, but the rate changes at the surface state discontinuity. The ratio of the rate constants in the higher and lower pressure regions is 2.1 for the C. atrox enzyme and 1.4 for the pancreatic enzyme. In contrast to this straightforward kinetic behavior, the rates of hydrolysis catalyzed by the honeybee venom enzyme and a second pancreatic phospholipase increase continuously with the surface pressure. The anomalous surface pressure dependency correlates with the tendency of these enzymes to denature at clean air-water interfaces, and with the accumulation of inactive protein at the surface. The rate of enzyme denaturation is proportional to the area not covered by substrate molecules. Inert substances covering the surface prevent denaturation and eliminate surface pressure dependency of the enzymatic rate. Using a kinetic scheme based upon this free area denaturation model, minimum free areas for denaturation of 500 and 900 A2, and surface denaturation rate constants of 3.9 × 105 sec−1 and 1.1 × 109 sec−1 are calculated for the pancreatic and bee venom enzymes, respectively. The surface denaturation model is consistent with all pertinent data that have been published for enzymes that act upon lipid monolayers.
Variability of basal oxygenation of the fetus--causes and associations.

Measures of oxygenation in the chronically prepared fetus have shown considerable variation when reported by different investigators despite apparent physiological ‘resting’ conditions. This variation has been compounded by differences in the blood vessels sampled and varying accuracy of biochemical methodology, so was consequently assumed to reflect methodological error and variability. However, development of continuously recording systems for oxygen pressure and hemoglobin saturation has confirmed the continuously varying values of oxygenation. It is the purpose of this review to examine the biological causes and associations of the variations in basal oxygenation.
Fertility and Hatchability in Rhode Island Reds

Abstract Landauer (1948) has summarized published data on the relation between fertility and hatchability. These reports show very little evidence of any correlation in Rhode Island Reds although a significant correlation has been reported in Plymouth Rocks by several investigators and by two workers with White Leghorns. It is not entirely clear why any breed difference should exist. An examination of this question was undertaken using the 848 Rhode Island Red dams used for breeding from 1945 to 1949. The simple correlation was calculated between fertility and hatchability and gave the following results. This is a significant correlation since at the 1 percent level r should equal at least .10. This correlation stands in contrast to the insignificant value of .067±.024 reported 25 years ago by Hays and Sanborn (1924). What is the possible explanation? In this earlier flock the mean fertility was only 69 percent and the mean hatchability was . . .
Comparison of catecholamine response during tilt-table-induced vasovagal syncope in patients 65 years of age.

This study compared alterations in arterial catecholamine concentrations associated with tilt-induced vasovagal syncope that differed in older (>65 years) and younger patients (<35 years). Older patients with tilt-positive tests tended to exhibit higher baseline epinephrine (E) concentrations and lesser E surge before development of syncope than younger patients (<35 years), whereas both groups manifested comparable norepinephrine (NE) responsiveness.
Quantum optics of a Bose-Einstein condensate coupled to a quantized light field

We consider the interaction between a Bose-Einstein condensate and a single-mode quantized light field in the presence of a strong far-off-resonant pump laser. The dynamics is characterized by an exponential instability, hence the system acts as an atom-photon parametric amplifier. Triggered by a small injected probe field, or simply by quantum noise, entangled atom-photon pairs are created which exhibit nonclassical correlations similar to those seen between photons in the optical parametric amplifier. In addition, the quantum statistics of the matter and light field depend strongly on the initial state which triggers the amplifier. Thus, by preparing different initial states of the light field, one can generate matter waves in a variety of quantum states, demonstrating optical control over the quantum statistics of matter waves.
Effect of axial load on anterior tibial translation when transitioning from non-weight bearing to weight bearing

Background While the application of compressive joint loads and thigh muscle activity are associated with anterior tibial translation in vitro, less is known during early load acceptance in vivo. We investigated the effects of increasing axial loads on anterior tibial translation and thigh muscle activity in healthy knees during transition from non-weight bearing to early weight bearing. Methods Participants (11 males, 11 females) underwent 20%, 40%, and 60% body weight acceptance trials at 20° knee flexion while electromagnetic sensors measured anterior tibial translation (mm), and surface electromyography recorded quadriceps and hamstring muscle onset times (ms) and amplitudes (% maximal voluntary isometric contraction). Repeated measures ANOVA compared values across loads. Pearson correlations examined relationships between anterior tibial translation and muscle onset times and amplitudes within each load. Findings As load increased, anterior tibial translation (Mean (standard deviation)) (20% = 4.7 (1.7) mm 60% 80.2 (21.8) ms) and hamstring (20% = 141.5 (65.0) ms and 40% = 126.3 (68.8) > 60% 107.6 (28.4) ms) onset times decreased (P &#x2264 0.05). There were no relationships between anterior tibial translation and muscle activation amplitudes (R = 0.033–0.294) or onset times (R = -0.031–0.374) (P > 0.09). Interpretation Greater axial loads near full knee extension during early weight acceptance result in greater anterior tibial translation, regardless of faster and stronger activation amplitudes. These findings support injury prevention programs aimed to reduce impact forces as they may in turn reduce anterior tibial translation and corresponding ligamentous strain during dynamic activity.
β‐cell hyperexcitability: from hyperinsulinism to diabetes

Nutrient oxidation in beta cells generates a rise in [ATP]:[ADP] ratio. This reduces K(ATP) channel activity, leading to depolarization, activation of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels, Ca(2+) entry and insulin secretion. Consistent with this paradigm, loss-of-function mutations in the genes (KCNJ11 and ABCC8) that encode the two subunits (Kir6.2 and SUR1, respectively) of the ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channel underlie hyperinsulinism in humans, a genetic disorder characterized by dysregulated insulin secretion. In mice with genetic suppression of K(ATP) channel subunit expression, partial loss of K(ATP) channel conductance also causes hypersecretion, but unexpectedly, complete loss results in an undersecreting, mildly glucose-intolerant phenotype. When challenged by a high-fat diet, normal mice and mice with reduced K(ATP) channel density respond with hypersecretion, but mice with more significant or complete loss of K(ATP) channels cross over, or progress further, to an undersecreting, diabetic phenotype. It is our contention that in mice, and perhaps in humans, there is an inverse U-shaped response to hyperexcitabilty, leading first to hypersecretion but with further exacerbation to undersecretion and diabetes. The causes of the overcompensation and diabetic susceptibility are poorly understood but may have broader implications for the progression of hyperinsulinism and type 2 diabetes in humans.
Combinatorial aspects of geometric graphs

As a special case of our main result, we show that for all L > 0, each k-nearest neighbor graph in d dimensions excludes Kh as a depth L minor if h = Ω(Ld). More generally, we prove that the overlap graphs defined by Miller, Teng, Thurston and Vavasis (1993) have this combinatorial property. By a construction of Plotkin, Rao and Smith (1994), our result implies that overlap graphs have “good” cut-covers, answering an open question of Kaklamanis, Krizanc and Rao (1993). Consequently, overlap graphs can be emulated on hypercube graphs with a constant factor of slow-down and on butterfly graphs with a factor of O(log∗ n) slow-down. Therefore, computations on overlap graphs, such as finite element and finite difference methods on “well-conditioned” meshes and image processing on k-nearest neighbor graphs, can be performed on hypercubic parallel machines with a linear speed-up. Our result, in conjunction with a result of Plotkin, Rao and Smith, also yields a combinatorial proof that overlap graphs have separators of sublinear size. We also show that with high probability, the Delaunay diagram, the relative neighborhood graph, and the k-nearest neighbor graph of a random point set exclude Kh as a depth L minor if h = Ω(Ld2 log n).
Endothelial Cells from Diverse Tissues Exhibit Differences in Growth and Morphology

An increased recognition of the role of endothelial cells in disease and the development of methods for endothelial cell culture has led to an upsurge in in vitro studies of endothelial cell function. However, the cells most often used for these studies do not reflect the in vivo heterogeneity of endothelial cells. To assess intrinsic differences between large and small vessel endothelial cells from different tissues, primary cultures of endothelial cells from capillaries (brain, lung, and adipose tissue) and a large vessel (aorta) of sheep were isolated, purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting of acetylated low density lipoprotein (DiI-Ac-LDL) labeled cells, and characterized by phase contrast and ultrastructural morphology, expression of von Willebrand factor, and lack of expression of cytokeratin, smooth muscle actin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Although all endothelial cells were cultured in the same media, only the brain microvascular endothelial cells demonstrated tight junctions by electron microscopy. Only the large vessel (aortic) endothelial cells contained Weibel-Palade bodies. Expression of von Willebrand factor decreased with passage of cells, but uptake of DiI-Ac-LDL was consistently positive regardless of culture conditions or passage number. These studies demonstrate that the unique ultrastructural characteristics of microvascular and macrovascular endothelial cells are intrinsic to the cells themselves and are not determined by differential culture conditions. This system allows the study of pathologic processes that affect endothelial cells of certain target organs selectively and should more accurately represent the response of tissue-specific endothelial cells in inflammatory processes.
Promising evidence for phonological awareness interventions for students with speech or language impairments

This review provides a summary and appraisal commentary on the treatment review by Al Otaiba, S., Puranik, C. S., Ziolkowski, R. A., & Montgomery, T. M. (2009). Effectiveness of early phonological awareness interventions for students with speech or language impairments. The Journal of Special Education, 43, 107–128. Source of funding and disclosure of interest: This study was supported by a grant from National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the Institute of Education Sciences, and the original authors of this research report no conflicts of interest.
Hormonal regulation of cell elongation in the hypocotyl of rootless soybean: an evaluation of the role of DNA synthesis.

A method was developed where soybean seedlings were grown without roots to study the influence of hormones of root origin on shoot growth. Excision of the root resulted in inhibition of apical section growth and DNA synthesis and inhibited elongating section growth. A synthetic cytokinin restored DNA synthesis in the apical section, but did not influence growth in either the apical or elongating sections. Low concentrations of gibberellin with the cytokinin restored growth in the apical section. Gibberellin alone was sufficient to restore growth in the elongating section. An inhibitor of DNA synthesis, 5-fluorodeoxyuridine, inhibited the increase in apical section DNA without inhibiting control or gibberellin-induced growth in the elongating section. Experiments with 14 C-thymidine resulted in no DNA labeling differences in the elongating section under conditions where gibberellin-induced elongation varied from 50% to 73% above controls. It was concluded that gibberellin-induced elongation in soybean hypocotyl occurred in the absence of DNA synthesis. Gibberellin does stimulate DNA synthesis in the apical tissue apart from its effect on cell elongation. Excised soybean hypocotyl elongated maximally at 10 −6 m auxin. At higher auxin concentrations, fresh weight and ethylene production increased, but elongation was reduced. Addition of GA to the higher auxin concentrations resulted in a 50% inhibition in auxin-induced ethylene production and resumption in maximal elongation. Added ethylene inhibited elongation 30% at 2 μl/l. Addition of up to 100 μl/l ethylene did not inhibit elongation with GA present in the incubation medium. Thus GA may counteract ehtylene inhibition of cell elongation in addition to inhibiting ethylene production in auxin-treated tissues.
Effects of Transforming Growth Factor-β on the Production of Immunoreactive Insulin-Like Growth Factor I and Progesterone and on [3H]Thymidine Incorporation in Porcine Granulosa Cell Cultures*

Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) has been reported to enhance many FSH-stimulated functions in rat granulosa cell cultures. We, therefore, investigated the actions of TGFβ on cultured porcine granulosa cells. We evaluated the production of immunoreactive insulin-like growth factor I (ilGFI) and progesterone in short term (3-day) and in longer term (7-day) cultures using porcine TGFβ1 (pTGFβ1). TGFβ had a biphasic effect on epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated iIGF-I production in short term cultures. A modest stimulatory effect was apparent at 10 pg/ml; however, this end point was completely inhibited by 1-10 ng/ml. TGFβ also had a slight stimulatory effect on basal iIGF-I production at 1 pg/ml, but not at higher levels. In longer term cultures TGFβ did not have a significant effect on either basal or FSH-stimulated iIGF-I production. In both short and longer term cultures TGFβ markedly inhibited basal and FSH-stimulated progesterone production. We also evaluated the effects of TGFβ on the incorpor...
Reply to Comments on Envisioning Real Utopias

The contributors to this symposium—Craig Borowiak, Mark Kaswan, J.S. Maloy, Gar Alperovitz and Steve Dubb, and Thad Williamson—have raised a range of interesting and thoughtful issues in their gene...
The Scattering of 2.4- to 3.5- Mev Protons by Protons

Collimated monoenergetic protons, accelerated by the Minnesota electrostatic generator to energies of 2.42, 3.04, 3.27, and 3.53 Mev, were scattered by hydrogen gas and detected at well defined angles from 8\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The observations at each angle and energy have been reduced to values of the absolute cross section for proton-proton scattering per unit solid angle. These cross sections are considered to be reliable to \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.6 percent.
Effect of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) on ATP citrate lyase in isolated hepatocytes

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) activates ATP citrate lyase in freshly isolated rat liver hepatocytes in a time dependent manner. Maximal stimulation of the enzyme occurred with less than thirty minutes of incubation of the cells with TGF-β. The half maximal effect on the enzyme determined in hepatocytes incubated with TGF-β for 10 min at 37°C was elicited by TGF-β concentrations in the 10−11 – 10−12 M range. The potential role of TGF-β stimulation of ATP citrate lyase activity in new membrane synthesis is discussed.
Pilot Dietary Intervention with Heat-Stabilized Rice Bran Modulates Stool Microbiota and Metabolites in Healthy Adults

Heat-stabilized rice bran (SRB) has been shown to regulate blood lipids and glucose, modulate gut mucosal immunity and inhibit colorectal cancer in animal and human studies. However, SRB’s effects on gut microbial composition and metabolism and the resulting implications for health remain largely unknown. A pilot, randomized-controlled trial was developed to investigate the effects of eating 30 g/day SRB on the stool microbiome and metabolome. Seven healthy participants consumed a study meal and snack daily for 28 days. The microbiome and metabolome were characterized using 454 pyrosequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) at baseline, two and four weeks post-intervention. Increases in eight operational taxonomic units (OTUs), including three from Bifidobacterium and Ruminococcus genera, were observed after two and four weeks of SRB consumption (p < 0.01). Branched chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids and eleven other putative microbial metabolites were significantly elevated in the SRB group after four weeks. The largest metabolite change was a rice bran component, indole-2-carboxylic acid, which showed a mean 12% increase with SRB consumption. These data support the feasibility of dietary SRB intervention in adults and support that SRB consumption can affect gut microbial metabolism. These findings warrant future investigations of larger cohorts evaluating SRB’s effects on intestinal health.
The effect of surface moisture on detail reproduction of elastomeric impressions.

Abstract Statement of problem Monophase and dual-viscosity impression techniques are available with little knowledge of which one might render better quality under wet and dry surface conditions. Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether type of material, viscosity selection, and presence of moisture affect detail reproduction of elastomeric impressions. Material and methods Single-viscosity systems were polyether (Impregum Penta) and vinyl polysiloxanes (President MonoBody, Extrude MPV, and Aquasil). Dual-viscosity systems included polyether (Impregum Penta/Permadyne Garant) and vinyl polysiloxanes (Dimension Penta H/Dimension Garant L, Extrude Extra/Extrude Wash, and Aquasil/Aquasil LV). Impressions were made of a surface analyzer calibration standard possessing a uniform "saw-tooth" pattern with a mean roughness (Ra) of 2.87 μm, which was one fourth of the peak-to-valley height. Each of the 8 impression groups was subjected to dry (control) and wet conditions. The wet condition consisted of 3 mL of distilled water applied to the surface of the standard but allowed to escape during the procedure. Eighty impressions were made, 5 for each test group. After setting, the surface of each impression was scanned at 5 locations using a Surfanalyzer 4000. A 3-factor ANOVA and Student-Newman-Kuels test were used to analyze the data (α=.05). Results There were significant differences between polyether and vinyl polysiloxane materials, dual and monophase techniques, and the 2 surface conditions ( P Conclusion Single-viscosity systems reproduced the standard saw-tooth pattern better than the dual-viscosity systems, as did polyether impression materials compared to addition silicones. Moisture led to a lower Ra or less detail compared to dry conditions.
Identification of a sarcoma virus-coded phosphoprotein in nonproducer cells transformed by Kirsten or Harvey murine sarcoma virus

A similar protein of 21,000 MW (p21) coded for by Harvey or Kirsten murine sarcoma virus has been identified in nonproducer cells transformed by these two viruses. Antisera prepared from rats bearing tumors induced by syngeneic transplantation of NRK cells transformed by Harvey murine sarcoma virus (Ha-MuSV) specifically precipitated the Ha-MuSV p21 from a nonproducer Balb/c mouse cell and a nonproducer dog cell transformed by Ha-MuSV. The same antisera also precipitated a similar protein, Ki-MuSV p21, from a nonproducer mink cell transformed by Kirsten murine sarcoma virus (Ki-MuSV). Both the p21 of Ha-MuSV and of Ki-MuSV are phosphoproteins. Previous studies have reported a virus-specific p21 polypeptide from translation of Ha-MuSV RNA in cell-free protein synthesis systems (W. P. Parks and E. M. Scolnick, 1977, J. Virol. 22, 711-719; T. Y. Shih, D. R. Williams, M. O. Weeks, J. M. Maryak, W. C. Vass, and E. M. Scolnick, 1978, J. Virol 27, 45-55). This p21 protein was specifically precipitated by the same anti-tumor sera. Similarly, a p21 polypeptide translated from Ki-MuSV RNA was also specifically precipitated by the antitumor sera. Therefore, it is concluded that the p21 of Ha-MuSV and Ki-MuSV are homologous proteins coded for bv homologous sequences found in the recombinant genomes of Ha-MuSV and Ki-MuSV.
Adaptive friction compensation using extended Kalman–Bucy filter friction estimation

Abstract An extended Kalman–Bucy filter (EKBF)-based friction compensation method is presented and validated. The method relies on an accurate model of system rigid-body dynamics and measured motion, rather than a structured nonlinear friction model, to estimate external friction torque. The estimate is used in a traditional friction compensator to cancel friction effects. The EKBF compensator is compared with other model-based and non-model-based friction compensation strategies through position tracking experiments. Results show that when motion is dominated by static and Stribeck friction, non-model-based friction estimation and compensation using the EKBF consistently provides equal or superior performance over model-based adaptive friction compensation methods.
Analysis tools for discovering strong parity violation at hadron colliders

Several arguments suggest parity violation may be observable in high energy strong interactions. We introduce new analysis tools to describe the azimuthal dependence of multiparticle distributions, or ``azimuthal flow.'' Analysis uses the representations of the orthogonal group $O(2)$ and dihedral groups ${D}_{N}$ necessary to define parity completely in two dimensions. Classification finds that collective angles used in event-by-event statistics represent inequivalent tensor observables that cannot generally be represented by a single ``reaction plane.'' Many new parity-violating observables exist that have never been measured, while many parity-conserving observables formerly lumped together are now distinguished. We use the concept of ``event-shape sorting'' to suggest separating right- and left-handed events, and we discuss the effects of transverse and longitudinal spin. The analysis tools are statistically robust, and can be applied equally to low or high multiplicity events at the Tevatron, RHIC or RHIC Spin, and the LHC.
Ultra Shallow Seismic Reflection in Depth: Examples from 3D and 2D ultra shallow surveys with application to joint Seismic and GPR imaging.

Summary High-resolution shallow-seismic images are wavelet dependent. The ability to obtain 300Hz and 800Hz highresolution ultra shallow subsurface images has been well demonstrated (Bachrach and Nur, 1998a,b,c). However, since the final results of shallow seismic reflection surveys are typically presented as stacked time sections, we do not often address the issue of absolute locations of the stratigraphic units in depth. This problem is even more severe when comparing GPR time sections to seismic time sections. The ability to directly compare GPR and seismic surveys (directly in the sense of imaging the same structure) is based on the ability to generate same wavelength images. The same wavelengths will average the same scales in the subsurface. For example, 1m wavelength will be backscattered from the same subsurface heterogeneities and there will be no need to address averaging of small-scale heterogeneities. However, the seismic velocities tend to span a wider range than GPR velocities, and the seismic wavelength scales with the velocity, given a fixed central frequency. For example, the velocity increases from few hundred m/s in the unsaturated zone to more then 1500m/s below the water table, whereas the GPR velocity decreases only by a factor of about 2.5 (say from 0.15m/ns to 0.06m/ns) across this interface. This fact causes difficulties in the interpretation of time domain seismic images and specifically in the comparison of such data to GPR time domain data. A recent 3D ultra shallow seismic experiment allowed us to obtain a 3D earth-cube with exceptional S/N ratio. This 3D data set allows us demonstrates the wavelength dependency of shallow seismic resolution. We use this example to interpret the relation between seismic and GPR images using synthetic and field examples.
Autoradiographic studies of 3H-dexamethasone uptake by immunocytochemically characterized cells of the rat pituitary.

3H-Dexamethasone (10 μg/kg) was injected intravenously in adrenalectomized rats and after survival times of 5, 30, 60, and 180 min its uptake within the pituitary was studied by autoradiography. Radioactivity was concentrated in cell nuclei in the pars nervosa and pars distalis. Within the pars intermedia, only cells of the marginal zone were labeled. In the pars distalis, some cells showed a weak nuclear accumulation of radioactivity as early as 5 min after injection. The tissue radioactivity was nearly maximal at 5 min, and the proportion of radioactivity in nuclei reached a maximum of 60–70% by 30 min. In competition experiments, non-radioactive steroids (1 mg/kg) were injected 5 min before 3H-dexamethasone and sacrifice was 30 min later. Dexamethasone markedly diminished the nuclear accumulation in the pars distalis, but corticosterone and progesterone did not. In the pars nervosa, corticosterone and progesterone competed for nuclear uptake of 3H-dexamethasone, although less effectively than dexamethasone itself. Different cell types in the pars distalis were characterized by treating autoradiograms with an immuno-peroxidase bridge procedure. Cells treated with anti-ACTH 17–39 had the greatest nuclear concentration of radioactivity, and those stained with anti-TSH were least heavily labeled. Cells treated with antisera to GH, PRL, and hCG were moderately labeled.
A dimethylzinc/diphenylphosphinoylimine approach to the asymmetric synthesis of the calcimimetic agent NPS R-568

An asymmetric synthesis of the calcimimetic agent NPS R-568 using a (1R,2S)-N-benzylephedrine-promoted addition of dimethylzinc to a diphenylphosphinoylimine derived from 3-methoxybenzaldehyde is described. The enantiomeric ratio of the key amine fragment was determined to be 93:7 (86% ee), favoring the (R)-enantiomer by derivatization and chiral stationary phase HPLC analysis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
THE INTRACELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF LABELED THYROXINE AND LABELED INSULIN IN MAMMALIAN LIVER1

IMPLICIT in every endocrinological experiment is the concept of a specific site of hormone action. This concept may be expressed with varying degrees of precision and defined in either physiological or anatomical terms. It is a truism, however, that hormone action must be ultimately referable to the chemistry of the cell. When viewed in this manner the following questions assume fundamental importance: (1) do hormones penetrate the cell wall and enter the cytoplasm, and (2) if so, is their intracellular existence associated with cytological structures? These questions have not been entirely ignored. The mere fact that hormones are secreted into the blood and may be found in the urine or intestinal contents is ample evidence for transmission across cell membranes. Such observations are of limited usefulness, however, with respect to the above questions and a paucity of information exists in this area. The investigations of Stadie, et al. (1949)
The carrying pigeons of the cell: exosomes and their role in infectious diseases caused by human pathogens.

Exosomes have recently been classified as the newest family members of ‘bioactive vesicles’ that function to promote intercellular communication. Long ignored and thought to be only a mechanism by which cellular waste is removed, exosomes have garnered a huge amount of interest in recent years as their critical functions in maintaining homeostasis through intercellular communication and also in different types of diseases have been demonstrated. Many groundbreaking studies of exosome functions have been performed in the cancer field and the infectious disease areas of study, revealing the importance and also the fascinating complexity of exosomal packaging, targeting, and functions. Selective packaging of exosomes in response to the type of infection, exosomal modulation of the immune response and host signaling pathways, exosomal regulation of pathogen spread, and effects of exosomes on the degree of pathogenesis have all been well documented. In this review, we provide a synthesis of the current understanding of the role of exosomes during infections caused by human pathogens and discuss the implications of these findings for a better understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and future therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
Theory in Anthropology Since Feminist Practice

Notamment au plan d'une critique des theories de la production et reproduction des inegalites sociales, et de leur incapacite a analyser la dynamique et les contradictions de ce systeme inegalitaire (du point de vue des relations entre les sexes) par leur recours a des categories et schemes analytiques classiques et " masculinises "
Techno-Prosthetic Romantic Futurism

Cyberspace creates new ecologies for scholarship: information displaces interpretation, argument cedes to association, and possibility disturbs certainty. What happens, then, when Romanticism goes digital? Rather than answer that question the piece that follows performs it. A hundred little paragraphs, interlinked and unfettered, open a field of digital inquiry where one possibility gives rise to another, and another, and another, and . . . . Skimming/scanning replaces reading as a means of communication. Hacking becomes another word for criticism, and you become a player in the game of digital scholarship. As you confront the possibilities Romanticism raises, your responses conjure various futures. In this particular version of the game such possibilities include virtual subjects, digital territories, raced relations, hacked classics, and mixed messages. The futures they provoke are yours to imagine. Point, click, and perform “Techno-Prosthetic Romantic Futurism.”
Grammatical factors in sentence retention

A rationale for indexing the structural complexity of sentences was introduced and an experiment reported that demonstrated the relationship between this index and sentence retention. The proposed measure entails a phrase-structure analysis of the sentence and a counting of the grammatical commitments incurred by each word of the sentence. A word is said to be structurally embedded in a sentence to the extent that it determines the structure of those parts of the sentence that follow. In a six-trial free-learning experiment where sentence complexity and sentence kind were manipulated independently and sentence length held constant, sentences of lesser indexed complexity were recalled significantly more frequently than sentences of greater complexity. The role of sentence kind was found to affect recall, but not in the systematic way predicted by the transformation-grammar model.
A comparison of red, NIR, and NDVI for monitoring temporal burn signature change in tallgrass prairie

Prescribed burning in tallgrass prairie benefits both human and natural systems. However, negative aspects of burning, such as air pollution, also exist. Balancing the advantages and disadvantages of burning requires knowledge of the burn regime in the tallgrass system. One way to acquire this knowledge is by mapping burned areas with remotely sensed data. Unfortunately, burned area mapping is often complicated by the transient nature of burn scars, by cloud cover, and by a lack of spectral contrast between burned areas and non-burned senescent vegetation. In this study, we used in situ measurements of spectral reflectance to track the efficacy of bandpasses that simulated Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Thematic Mapper/Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (TM/ETM+) sensor responses. Our results showed that red and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) outperformed Near-Infrared (NIR) for delineating burned areas. From these findings it is clear that identifying/mapping burned a...
Study of High Speed Current Excitation Reverse Engineering Methodology Using Measured Voltage and PDN Impedance Profile from a Running Microprocessor

Traditionally, power integrity engineer uses simulated transient current profile, icc(t) from the Circuit Designer as input to power delivery network, PDN to simulate worst case transient power noise. However, it is extremely difficult to simulate the maximum current profile from large circuit or logic block. It increases the difficulties when the circuit/ logic run at random application. The paper discusses the reverse engineering method to regenerate high speed stimulus current from the given PDN and measured voltage waveform. The paper firstly verified that the reverse engineering method proven to be accurate in HSPICE simulation. Then measurement technique is applied to an Intelreg Core 2 Duo Processor running stress test under various random applications. The paper also discusses the precision and reproducibility of high speed current profile, icc(t) by using this reverse engineering technique. The finding enables the transient power simulation of a PDN can be done without depending on the simulated CKT/ Logic block icc(t) data. The method also improves the correlation work to be done between the pre-silicon simulated icc(t) with the measurement data from the lab.
New York University PROTEUS system: MUC-3 test results and analysis

Evaluating the degree of improvement over the MUC-3 runs is complicated by the changes between MUC-3 an d MUC-4: there were changes in the template structure, the MURDER templates were eliminated, content mappin g constraints were incorporated into the scoring program, and the rules for manual remapping were much more con strained. We resumed system development specifically for MUC (with regular runs and rescorings) in mid-March , approximately two weeks before the "Dry Run" was due, and the modifications prior to the Dry Run primaril y reflected the changes needed for the new template structure (no significant changes were made to concepts, ver b models, inference rules, etc .). The changes between our final MUC-3 scores and our Dry Run scores thus roughl y reflect the changes due to the change in the task -for both TST1 and TST2, a loss of about 7 points of recall . During the following 8 weeks, we made a number of system modifications which recovered much of this loss of recal l and substantially improved system precision.
Historical Perspectives on Violence against Women

Three great bodies of thought have influenced western society’s views and treatment of women: Judeo-Christian religious ideas, Greek philosophy and the Common Law legal code. All three traditions have, by and large, assumed patriarchy as natural – that is male domination stemming from the view of male superiority. As part of the culture perpetuated by these ideologies, violence towards women was seen as a natural expression of male dominance. This paper contains three maim themes. The first establishes patriarchy as an early pattern of military societies and the subsequent emergence of the Judeo-Christian, Greek and legal cultural paradigm as ideological justification. The second provides evidence as to how the above attitudes were interwoven in European and American values. The third theme analyzes the new 18 th century cultural paradigm of liberalism which rejected male dominance, lessened the manifestation of patriarchy, without removing its cultural memory, thereby, allowing violence towards women to remain.