cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reducing the size of helical antennas by means of dielectric loading

Helical antennas have long been known as an excellent choice for point to point communications. The lower the desired operational frequency of the antenna, the larger the physical size of the antenna. In order to overcome this issue, the University of Missouri-Columbia's Center for Physical and Power Electronics has been actively researching the properties of dielectric loaded antennas. Based on simulation models, it has been found that the addition of a dielectric material within the core of a helix will translate into a reduction in the operational frequency of the antenna. Using this knowledge, a 18.6mm diameter × 81mm tall helical antenna was designed around a core with a dielectric constant of e r =45. This yielded a 65.4% decrease in the antenna's operational frequency from 5.13GHz to 1.775GHz as well as a 95.86% decrease in the physical size of a comparable 1.75GHz air core helical antenna. The program CST Microwave Studio was used to simulate these antenna designs derived from Krauss's formulas. The purpose of this paper is to describe the simulations and design steps that have shown to significantly reduce the physical size and center frequency of an axial mode helical antenna by loading it with a high dielectric core.
Bounds on Weak-Interaction Amplitudes. - II

In order to obt~in this bound use was made of the unitarity relation obtained by BARA_~ and BARVT (2) for (~ elastic, weak processes and an assumption concerning the functional form of the weak amplitude G(S, t) at very high energies. (See eqs. (1) and (2) of ref. (1).) The amplitude used in the proof given in ref. (~) was not the most general form for G(S, t). In fact, we assumed it to have a factorized form (1), i.e. G(S, t) .FI(t)F~(S ), where Fl(t ) is a real bounded function of t and F2(S ) is a complex function of S. The purpose of this paper is to show that a bound may be obtained on weak amplitudes under a more general assumption ou tlm functional form of the scattering amplitude at asymptotic energies. We again make use of the uuitarity rclatiou obtained by BAI'~AN and BARUT (2). The use of a unitarity relation for weak aml)litudes is based on our belief that it may be possible to formulate an S-matrix theory of weak-scattering processes (~). We realize that there are certain technical difficulties that come from the fact that neutrinos have zero mass (3). However, we shall assume that at some future time all such proble,ns will be solved and take as given the existence of an S-matrix theory for the weak interaction. Thus the assumptions of unitarity, Lorentz invarianec, analytieity and crossing are to apply to the weak-scattering amplitudes. We consider, for simplicity, the elastic scattering of a neutrino and a scalar particle of mass m. Our object is to obtain a bound ou the total cross-section for this process in the asymptotic energy region. To proceed, we make the following assumptions:
Lipid Oxidation in Cooked Turkey as Affected by Added Antioxidant Enzymes

Catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were added to turkey which had been cooked (80°C) to provide minimal activity of both enzymes, to determine their effects in development of lipid oxidation. CAT (100-500 U/g muscle) decreased the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) 4-28% during 2 days of storage. GSH-Px (4.0 U/g muscle) decreased TBARS 8-11%. CAT (170 U/g muscle) and GSH-Px (1.3 U/g muscle) in combination decreased TBARS formation 7-14%. Reduced glutathione concentrations in the turkey were unaffected by cooking. These data suggest that heat inactivation of CAT and GSH-Px was not the only factor involved in heat-induced lipid oxidation reactions in turkey thigh muscle.
CT diagnosis of splenic infarction in blunt trauma: imaging features, clinical significance and complications

AIM: The object of this study is to describe the appearance, complications, and outcome of segmental splenic infarctions occurring after blunt trauma using computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen blunt trauma patients were identified with splenic infarction on contrast-enhanced CT. CT images were retrospectively reviewed and the percentage of infarcted splenic tissue and presence of splenic injury separate from the site of infarction were identified. Splenic angiograms were reviewed and follow-up CT images were assessed for interval change in the appearance of the infarcts. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 32 years and the most common mechanism of injury was road traffic accident. The majority (54%) had 25-50% infarction of the spleen. Splenic angiograms were performed in nine patients and seven demonstrated wedge-shaped regions of decreased perfusion corresponding to the infarction seen on CT with no need for intervention. Eleven patients underwent a follow-up CT that demonstrated the following: no significant change in six, near-complete resolution in two, delayed appearance of infarction in one, abscess formation in one, and delayed splenic rupture in one. CONCLUSION: Segmental splenic infarction is a rare manifestation of blunt splenic trauma. The diagnosis is readily made using contrast-enhanced CT. The majority will decrease in size on follow-up CT and resolve without clinical sequelae. Resolution of infarction is also seen and these cases are best described as temporary perfusion defects. Splenic abscess or delayed rupture are uncommon complications that may necessitate angiographic or surgical intervention.
On the application of an oxygen probe in chemical kinetics: The influence of the probe response on kinetic measurement

Membrance covered oxygen probes are frequently used to monitor the progress of chemical reactions involving dissolved oxygen. For reactions that are comparable in rate to the response of the oxygen probe it is difficult to obtain the correct kinetic constants directly from the probe signal with traditional kinetic data manipulation methods. In this article, we apply the method of impulse response function to describe the probe signal of an oxygen probe for three different types of simple chemical reactions. The impulse response function is obtained experimentally. Using the impulse response function we have obtained the relationships between the probe signal and the kinetic parameters of these reactions. The slow response of the probe has two effects on the kinetic curves of the reaction studied: a time-lag and distortion of the shape of the kinetic curve throughout the reaction. The latter effect becomes significant when the reaction is fast. Procedures to obtain the correct kinetic information from the oxygen probe signal are described. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Combining demographic and genetic factors to assess population vulnerability in stream species

Accelerating climate change and other cumulative stressors create an urgent need to understand the influence of environmental variation and landscape features on the connectivity and vulnerability of freshwater species. Here, we introduce a novel modeling framework for aquatic systems that integrates spatially explicit, individual-based, demographic and genetic (demogenetic) assessments with environmental variables. To show its potential utility, we simulated a hypothetical network of 19 migratory riverine populations (e.g., salmonids) using a riverscape connectivity and demogenetic model (CDFISH). We assessed how stream resistance to movement (a function of water temperature, fluvial distance, and physical barriers) might influence demogenetic connectivity, and hence, population vulnerability. We present demographic metrics (abundance, immigration, and change in abundance) and genetic metrics (diversity, differentiation, and change in differentiation), and combine them into a single vulnerability index for identifying populations at risk of extirpation. We considered four realistic scenarios that illustrate the relative sensitivity of these metrics for early detection of reduced connectivity: (1) maximum resistance due to high water temperatures throughout the network, (2) minimum resistance due to low water temperatures throughout the network, (3) increased resistance at a tributary junction caused by a partial barrier, and (4) complete isolation of a tributary, leaving resident individuals only. We then applied this demogenetic framework using empirical data for a bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) metapopulation in the upper Flathead River system, Canada and USA, to assess how current and predicted future stream warming may influence population vulnerability. Results suggest that warmer water temperatures and associated barriers to movement (e.g., low flows, dewatering) are predicted to fragment suitable habitat for migratory salmonids, resulting in the loss of genetic diversity and reduced numbers in certain vulnerable populations. This demogenetic simulation framework, which is illustrated in a web-based interactive mapping prototype, should be useful for evaluating population vulnerability in a wide variety of dendritic and fragmented riverscapes, helping to guide conservation and management efforts for freshwater species.
Radiological Evaluation of Bowel Ischemia.

Intestinal ischemia, which refers to insufficient blood flow to the bowel, is a potentially catastrophic entity that may require emergent intervention or surgery in the acute setting. Although the clinical signs and symptoms of intestinal ischemia are nonspecific, CT findings can be highly suggestive in the correct clinical setting. In this chapter we review the CT diagnosis of arterial, venous, and non-occlusive intestinal ischemia. We discuss the vascular anatomy, pathophysiology of intestinal ischemia, CT techniques for optimal imaging, key and ancillary radiological findings, and differential diagnosis. In the setting of an acute abdomen, rapid evaluation is necessary to identify intraabdominal processes that require emergent surgical intervention (1). While a wide-range of intraabdominal diseases may be present from trauma to inflammation, one of the most feared disorders is mesenteric ischemia, also known as intestinal ischemia, which refers to insufficient blood flow to the bowel (2). Initial imaging evaluation for intestinal ischemia is typically obtained with CT. Close attention to technique and search for key radiologic features with relation to the CT technique is required. Accurate diagnosis depends on understanding the vascular anatomy, epidemiology, and pathophysiology of various forms of mesenteric ischemia and their corresponding radiological findings on MDCT. At imaging, not only is inspection of the bowel itself important, but evaluation of the mesenteric fat, vasculature, and surrounding peritoneal cavity also helps improves accuracy in the diagnosis of bowel ischemia.
A case for the average-half-face in 2D and 3D for face recognition

We observe that the human face is inherently symmetric and we would like to exploit this symmetry in face recognition. The average-half-face has been previously shown to do just that for a set of 3D faces when using eigenfaces for recognition. We build upon that work and present a comparison of the use of the average-half-face to the use of the original full face with 6 different algorithms applied to two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) databases. The average-half-face is constructed from the full frontal face image in two steps; first the face image is centered and divided in half and then the two halves are averaged together (reversing the columns of one of the halves). The resulting average-half-face is then used as the input for face recognition algorithms. Previous work has shown that the accuracy of 3D face recognition using eigenfaces with the average-half-face is significantly better than using the full face. We compare the results using the average-half-face and the full face using six face recognition methods; eigenfaces, multi-linear principal components analysis (MPCA), MPCA with linear discriminant analysis (MPCALDA), Fisherfaces (LDA), independent component analysis (ICA), and support vector machines (SVM). We utilize two well-known 2D face database as well as a 3D face database for the comparison. Our results show that in most cases it is superior to employ the average-half-face for frontal face recognition. The consequences of this discovery may result in substantial savings in storage and computation time.
Correlation between deformation-planes and crystallographic direction in vein quartz from Antietam quartzite, Maryland

A qualitative study of the excellent fracture-patterns obtained in vein-quartz from the Antietam quartzite was made by means of the universal stage. The deformation-planes are fractures, some of which are characterized by straight, sharp walls, others are composite consisting of two or more planes, and a third type is curved. In some instances the fractures contain either recrystallized quartz or opaque and fluid inclusions. Pseudo-lammelar quartz was noted in several instances. The object of the study was to correlate the deformation-planes in the quartz with known crystal directions and to ascertain, if possible, the preferred directions of deformation.
Downstream reactions and engineering in the microbially reconstituted pathway for Taxol

Taxol (a trademarked product of Bristol-Myers Squibb) is a complex isoprenoid natural product which has displayed potent anticancer activity. Originally isolated from the Pacific yew tree (Taxus brevifolia), Taxol has been mass-produced through processes reliant on plant-derived biosynthesis. Recently, there have been alternative efforts to reconstitute the biosynthetic process through technically convenient microbial hosts, which offer unmatched growth kinetics and engineering potential. Such an approach is made challenging by the need to successfully introduce the significantly foreign enzymatic steps responsible for eventual biosynthesis. Doing so, however, offers the potential to engineer more efficient and economical production processes and the opportunity to design and produce tailored analog compounds with enhanced properties. This mini review will specifically focus on heterologous biosynthesis as it applies to Taxol with an emphasis on the challenges associated with introducing and reconstituting the downstream reaction steps needed for final bioactivity.
Robotic Electrolocation: Active Underwater Target Localization with Electric Fields

We explore the capabilities of a robot designed to locate objects underwater through active movement of an electric field emitter and sensor apparatus. The robot is inspired by the biological phenomenon of active electrolocation, a sensing strategy found in two groups of freshwater fishes known to emit weak electric fields for target localization and communication. We characterize the performance of the robot using several types of automatic electrolocation controllers, objects, and water conditions. We demonstrate successful electrolocation both in the conditions in which it is naturally observed, in low conductivity water, as well as in conditions in which it is not observed, in water of ocean salinity. The belief of the position of the target is maintained via a particle filter and refined with each measurement
Preliminary Results for Estimating the Backside Heat Losses of a Composite Panel

The procedure for the estimation of heat losses from a composite panel that must be known in order to optimize repairs is described. Many papers for estimating parameters describe either simulated experiments or experiments conducted under very controlled situations and the results based upon models of the experiment are usually favorable [1,2]. In contrast when experiments are conducted in the field or under adverse conditions, even when the system is a simple one and amenable to modeling, the estimation can be unexpectedly difficult. The paper describes experiments to estimate the heat losses from the back side of a composite panel undergoing repairs and the modeling of the system. Although the temperatures based on the estimated parameters successfully match the measured steady state temperatures, the model does not accurately predict the transient behavior, raising questions about its ability to determine the magnitude of the observed heat losses and, more importantly, what must be done to improve the model.
Calcineurin transgenic mice have mitochondrial dysfunction and elevated superoxide production.

Introduction of the constitutively active calcineurin gene into neonatal rat cardiomyocytes by adenovirus resulted in decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (P < 0.05). Infection of H9c2 cells ...
Life tasks and developmental issues of the chronically mentally III elderly

Utilizing a life-span developmental perspective, the author presents suggestions for how chronically mentally ill older adults can work toward and achieve some measure of resolution with past and current life tasks.
Simulator based adaptive helicopter training using neural networks

Presents an approach to the application of artificial neural networks in adaptive simulator-based helicopter training of novice student pilots. The theory that an experienced helicopter pilot performs in some optimal fashion was used as the underlying basis for the adaptive hover trainer design. This development was based on the hypothesis that a novice can be trained to fly a helicopter automatically if the helicopter system adapts to the learning curve of the student. Based on the hypothesis of adaptive training, a neural network synthesis procedure is developed. The neural network synthesis provides student performance monitoring and helicopter system adaptation using an adaptive neurocontroller. >
Orthopaedic Pathology. 4th ed.

Peter G. Bullough. London: Mosby; 2004. 560 pages. $199.00. The torn cover and tattered pages of my own copy of the first edition of this book attest to its enduring popularity, especially among students and residents in pathology and orthopaedic surgery. The first edition, marketed as an “atlas” with relatively little text, has now grown into a mature book, although emphasis on the visual reminds us of its origin. While most orthopaedic pathology books tend to focus on tumors, Orthopaedic Pathology contains six major sections, only …
Differences in Thermostability of Antigenically Related Strains of Poliomyelitis Virus.

SummaryThree rodent-adapted strains of poliomyelitis virus, all belonging to the same immunologic type, were found to differ in their thermostability; these were, in decreasing order of resistance, Y-SK, MEF1, and Lansing. The differences between these strains became evident only when they were suspended in cream or ice cream before being heated. All three strains suspended in water were inactivated by heating at 71.1 °C for 15 seconds. When heated in cream the viruses withstood 79.5°C for 15 seconds and in ice cream they withstood 82.2°C for 25 seconds, with Y-SK resisting inactivation to the greatest extent.
FRICTION EFFECTS ON POWER VS EFFICIENCY CHARACTERISTICS FOR AIR-STANDARD DIESEL CYCLES

An irreversible simplified model for the air standard Diesel cycle is established in this paper. This model takes into account the finite-time evolution of the cycle's compression and power strokes and it considers global losses lumped in a friction like term. The relations between the power output and the compression ratio, and between the thermal efficiency and the compression ratio are derived. Numerical example leads to loop-shaped power versus efficiency cures as is common to almost all real heat engines.
S-nitrosation on zinc finger motif of PARP-1 as a mechanism of DNA repair inhibition by arsenite

// Xixi Zhou 1 , Karen L. Cooper 1 , Juliana Huestis 1 , Huan Xu 1 , Scott W. Burchiel 1 , Laurie G. Hudson 1 , Ke Jian Liu 1 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA Correspondence to: Xixi Zhou, email: xzhou@unm.edu Keywords: arsenic, DNA repair, PARP-1, zinc finger, reactive nitrogen species Received: August 04, 2016 Accepted: October 04, 2016 Published: October 12, 2016 ABSTRACT Arsenic, a widely distributed carcinogen, is known to significantly amplify the impact of other carcinogens through inhibition of DNA repair. Our recent work suggests that reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) induced by arsenite (AsIII) play an important role in the inhibition of the DNA repair protein Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1). AsIII-induced ROS lead to oxidation of cysteine residues within the PARP-1 zinc finger DNA binding domain. However, the mechanism underlying RNS-mediated PARP inhibition by arsenic remains unknown. In this work, we demonstrate that AsIII treatment of normal human keratinocyte (HEKn) cells induced S-nitrosation on cysteine residues of PARP-1 protein, in a similar manner to a nitric oxide donor. S-nitrosation of PARP-1 could be reduced by 1400W (inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) or c-PTIO (a nitric oxide scavenger). Furthermore, AsIII treatment of HEKn cells leads to zinc loss and inhibition of PARP-1 enzymatic activity. AsIII and 1400W/c-PTIO co-treatment demonstrate that these effects occur in an iNOS- and NO-dependent manner. Importantly, we confirmed S-nitrosation on the zinc finger DNA binding domain of PARP-1 protein. Taken together, AsIII induces S-nitrosation on PARP-1 zinc finger DNA binding domain by generating NO through iNOS activation, leading to zinc loss and inhibition of PARP-1 activity, thereby increasing retention of damaged DNA. These findings identify S-nitrosation as an important component of the molecular mechanism underlying AsIII inhibition of DNA repair, which may benefit the development of preventive and intervention strategies against AsIII co-carcinogenesis.
Identifying Allergic Drug Reactions Through Placebo-Controlled Graded Challenges.

Background Graded challenges are performed to exclude hypersensitivity reactions in patients with a low likelihood of drug allergy. Literature regarding optimal protocols with a defined number of steps and use of placebo is lacking. Objective To identify allergic drug reactions (ADRs) through a 3-step protocol composed of placebo followed by a 2-step graded drug challenge. Methods We performed a 5-year retrospective chart review of all patients with historical ADRs who underwent single-blind, placebo-controlled graded drug challenges between October 2010 and November 2015 at an outpatient drug allergy clinic. Patients' demographic characteristics and description of historical reaction were obtained. Outcomes of challenges to drug versus placebo were compared by drug class. Results Two hundred twenty-nine patients underwent at least 1 single-blind placebo-controlled graded challenge. The most commonly challenged drug class was beta-lactams (70.8%) followed by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (17.5%). The reaction rate to drug and placebo was similar during beta-lactam challenges (9.4% vs 8.2%; P = .9) and during nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug challenges (14% vs 7%, P = .5), respectively. Only 10 patients (4.4%) had objective findings during drug challenges. Patients who reacted to placebo before beta-lactam challenges had an increased number of drug allergies (4.3 ± 1.0) compared with nonreactors (2.4 ± 0.1) and to beta-lactam reactors (3.3 ± 0.7) ( P = .002). All placebo reactors were female (20 of 183 vs 0 of 46 males; P = .02). Conclusions Two-step graded challenges are safe in appropriately selected patients with a low risk of reaction. Placebo should be considered to reduce false-positive results, especially in females and in patients with multiple drug allergies.
10Be: recent applications in Earth sciences

$^{10}$Be, a cosmogenic isotope produced by cosmic rays interacting with the Earth's atmosphere and surface, has chemical and physical properties that make it useful as a tracer for some terrestrial processes and a geological clock for a few substances. The rarity of the stable isotope, $^{9}$Be, allows $^{10}$Be to be detected in natural materials at extremely low levels with backgrounds for rocks, sediments etc. below 10$^{5}$ atom g$^{-1}$ now attainable, a value to be compared with an average annual global deposition rate of 1.3 $\times $ 10$^{6}$ atom cm$^{-2}$. The affinity of Be for the components of soil and sediment is sufficiently high that its contact with them effectively immobilizes it, thereby allowing $^{10}$Be to function as a tracer of sediment transport. The half-life of 1.5 Ma is convenient for some geological studies. Application has been found in cosmic-ray history, formation of manganese nodules, pelagic sedimentation, island-arc volcanism, soil evolution, soil erosion and rock weathering.
REVS: A tool for space-optimized reversible synthesis

We develop a framework for resource efﬁcient compilation of higher-level programs into lower-level reversible circuits. Our main focus is on optimizing the memory footprint of the resulting reversible networks. This is motivated by the limited availability of qubits for the foreseeable future. We apply three main techniques to keep the number of required qubits small when computing classical, irreversible computations by means of reversible networks: ﬁrst, wherever possible we allow the compiler to make use of in-place functions to modify some of the variables. Second, an intermediate representation is introduced that allows to trace data dependencies within the program, allowing to clean up qubits early. This realizes an analog to “garbage collection” for reversible circuits. Third, we use the concept of so-called pebble games to transform irreversible programs into reversible programs under space constraints, allowing for data to be erased and recomputed if needed. We introduce REVS, a compiler for reversible circuits that can translate a subset of the functional programming language F# into Toffoli networks which can then be further interpreted for instance in LIQui|>, a domain-speciﬁc language for quantum computing and which is also embedded into F#. We discuss a number of test cases that illustrate the advantages of our approach including reversible implementations of SHA-2 and other cryptographic hash-functions, reversible integer arithmetic, as well as a test-bench of combinational circuits used in classical circuit synthesis. Compared to Bennett’s method, REVS can reduce space complexity by a factor of 4 or more, while having an only moderate increase in circuit size as well as in the time it takes to compile the reversible networks.
Across state lines: Fulminant Babesia microti infection in a liver transplant recipient

The potential for transmission of Babesia microti by blood transfusion is well recognized. Physicians may be unaware that products used for transfusion may be collected from geographically diverse regions. We describe a liver transplant recipient in South Carolina who likely acquired B. microti infection from a unit of blood collected in Minnesota. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Gene Editing for the Heart: Correcting Dystrophin Mutations

Gene editing is moving rapidly from a highly useful laboratory-based tool toward human clinical application. In vivo gene editing has been documented in mouse models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), where skeletal and cardiac muscle editing produces internally truncated dystrophin. A recent report now demonstrates that editing the dystrophin gene in the heart improves cardiac function, paving the path to in vivo application of cardiac gene correction. Article, see p 923 Mutations in the gene encoding dystrophin cause DMD and its associated cardiomyopathy. Large deletions, which span multiple exons, are the most common cause of DMD, and these deletions disrupt dystrophin’s reading frame and ablate its expression. Dystrophin binds actin at its N-terminus and with its C-terminus, dystrophin connects to the plasma membrane of myocytes. The central portion of dystrophin is composed of multiple spectrin repeat domains, and mutations that interrupt the internal spectrin repeat domains and leave intact the N- and C-terminus result in a milder form of disease called Becker muscular dystrophy.1 A major therapeutic approach for DMD aims to restore the reading frame by converting DMD-associated frame-disrupting mutations into those that produce internally deleted but more functional BMD-associated dystrophins. In 2016, the Food and Drug Administration granted approval for eteplirsen, which uses antisense technology to restore dystrophin’s reading frame.2 Antisense treatments act on RNA and, therefore, require regular repeated dosing to induce the expected molecular effect. In contrast, gene editing corrects DNA, and if directed to the correct cell type, it can afford a permanent treatment with a single application. Gene editing using CRISPR/Cas9 induces double-stranded breaks in DNA, which typically rejoin at predictable sites using nonhomologous end joining.3 Alternatively, when CRISPR/Cas9 is activated in the presence of a corrective template, homology-directed repair can generate specific base pair changes, like those required to fully …
Esophageal Chest Pain: Esophageal Spasm

Esophageal spasm is a rare esophageal motility disorder associated with dysphagia and chest pain that is characterized on esophageal manometry by uncoordinated and/or vigorous esophageal contractions. Diagnostic criteria and clinical significance of spastic esophageal disorders (which have included distal esophageal spasm and “nutcracker” or “jackhammer” esophagus) have fluctuated over time, which has contributed to the challenges associated with clinical management. This chapter describes the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management strategies associated with spastic esophageal motility disorders.
Anti-Muscarinic Toxicity

Anti-muscarinic toxicity, also commonly referred to as anti-cholinergic toxicity, is the result of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor blockade.Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are found in the CNS as well as in the PNS at the parasympathetic post-ganglionic synapse. This receptor distribution explains the classic symptoms and signs of the toxidrome.Many medications have anti-muscarinic toxicity and the toxidrome is usually the result of supratherapeutic dosing of these medications.In addition to medications, various plants possess anti-muscarinic activity and can also cause the toxidrome.Recreational use of both medications and plants, presumably for the mind altering effects, is not uncommon particularly in the adolescent population.
Removal of formaldehyde on carbon -based materials: A review of the recent approaches and findings

Abstract Formaldehyde, HCHO, is one of the most common toxic pollutants found in indoor air. Its most common sources are pressed woods and particle boards. National Toxicology Program of Department of Health and Human Services classifies formaldehyde as human carcinogen and its exposure limit is 0.08 ppm for 30 min. So far, besides room venting, no other means have been recommended by Consumer Products Safety Commission to minimize indoor HCHO exposure. Since adsorption seems to be an efficient and cost-effective method of HCHO removal, in this review we summarize the findings on the applications of carbonaceous materials (mainly activated carbons, carbon fibers and their composites with an inorganic phase) as formaldehyde adsorbents from indoor air. Besides experiments, recent theoretical and simulation results are also discussed. Our intention is to use them as a basis for a further development of the next generation of efficient and cost-effective carbon-based reactive adsorbents where adsorption of HCOH will be combined with its mineralization at ambient conditions.
Functional outcomes in patients with co-occurring traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury from an inpatient rehabilitation facility's perspective.

ObjectiveTo examine the occurrence and severity of co-occurring traumatic brain injury (TBI) in persons with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), i.e. dual diagnosis (DD), and to describe differences in functional outcomes between persons with DD and SCI only from an inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) perspective.DesignRetrospective clinical chart review.SettingAcute Midwest SCI inpatient rehabilitation facility.Participants256 persons age 18-80 years with acute traumatic SCI (AIS A-E, C1-S3 level of injury) from 2002-2012.InterventionsNeuroimaging and electronic medical records were reviewed to identify those with co-occurring TBI. Outcomes were then compared between the SCI only and DD groups.Outcome MeasuresLength of stay (LOS), discharge location and functional independence measures (FIM)ResultsForty-one percent of persons with traumatic SCI experienced co-occurring TBI. Rehabilitation LOS for the DD groups did not differ significantly from the SCI only group. Those with Moderate-Severe DD had sig...
MicroRNAs Regulate Sleep and Sleep Homeostasis in Drosophila

Summary To discover microRNAs that regulate sleep, we performed a genetic screen using a library of miRNA sponge-expressing flies. We identified 25 miRNAs that regulate baseline sleep; 17 were sleep-promoting and 8 promoted wake. We identified one miRNA that is required for recovery sleep after deprivation and 8 miRNAs that limit the extent of recovery sleep. 65% of the hits belong to human-conserved families. Interestingly, the majority (75%), but not all, of the baseline sleep-regulating miRNAs are required in neurons. Sponges that target miRNAs in the same family, including the miR-92a/92b/310 family and the miR-263a/263b family, have similar effects. Finally, mutation of one of the screen’s strongest hits, let-7, using CRISPR/Cas-9, phenocopies sponge-mediated let-7 inhibition. Cell-type-specific and temporally restricted let-7 sponge expression experiments suggest that let-7 is required in the mushroom body both during development and in adulthood. This screen sets the stage for understanding the role of miRNAs in sleep.
Cognitive Assessment in Behavioral Sport Psychology

The contribution of thoughts, emotions, and images to athletic training and competition has long been acknowledged. As Yogi Berra once said about baseball, “90% of this game is half mental” (Baseball Almanac, 2010). Less understood is the manner by which these processes can be formally assessed to guide optimum implementation of evidence-based behavioral intervention. Indeed, as emphasized throughout this book, evidence-based interventions are becoming increasingly utilized by sport psychologists. However, there is often a poor fit between cognitive assessment strategies and performance-enhancing behavioral interventions (Meyers, Whelan, & Murphy, 1996). It is important that students and professionals practicing within the field of sport psychology are familiar with the psychometric support and conceptual basis underlying cognitive assessment methods. Indeed, one of the challenges for professionals who work with athletes and performers is to develop an efficient and evidence-supported method for assessing cognitive constructs that have been historically difficult to fully understand. This chapter, therefore, provides a practical and evidence-based guide that may be used when conducting cognitive assessment in sport psychology consultation. We begin by underscoring commonly used cognitive strategies that have been identified to facilitate optimum sport performance, such as self-talk, imagery, and arousal management. We then review environmental factors that have been found to influence the attitudes and motivational sets of athletes. Lastly, we review our evidence-based approach to cognitive assessment in athletes.
Nibbling at the Edges - Regulation of Short Selling: Stock Borrowing and Restoration of An Uptick Rule

Many knowledgeable observers ascribe recent share price volatility to short selling, which has increased 4 or more times the historical 4% short interest in most large cap stocks. Much of this short selling has been naked short selling in which, contrary to SEC and stock exchange rules, short sellers sell stock without having first borrowed it and frequently with no intention of ever borrowing it in the future. Through Regulation SHO, which took effect in 2006, and then further efforts in August-October, 2008, the SEC initiated and then ratcheted up its campaign against naked short selling. The crackdown on naked short selling has increased the imperative that a short must borrow stock before selling it. This article asks whether or not stock borrowing from an individual investor is an investment contract, and therefore a security, or should be regulated in some other way. The article also disagrees with 35 years' academic commentary, which asserted that the uptick rule was harmful an should be eliminated as contrary to marklet efficiency. That commentary was wrong because, uniformly, it equates informational efficiency with overall market efficiency when a truly efficient market will exhibit both price continuity, to which an uptick rule would contribute, as well as some level of informational efficiency, which short selling aids.
An Optimal and Distributed Control Strategy for Charging Plug-in Electrical Vehicles in the Future Smart Grid

In this chapter, we propose an optimal and distributed control strategy for plug-in electric vehicles’ (PEVs) charging as part of demand response in the smart grid. We consider an electricity market where users have the flexibility to sell back the energy stored in their PEVs or the energy generated from their distributed generators. The smart grid model in this chapter integrates a two-way communication system between the utility company and consumers. A price scheme considering fluctuation cost is developed to encourage consumers to lower the fluctuation in the demand response by charging and discharging their PEVs reasonably. A distributed optimization algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers is applied to solve the optimization problem, in which consumers need to report their aggregated loads only to the utility company, thus ensuring their privacy. Consumers update the scheduling of their loads simultaneously and locally to speed up the optimization computing. We also extend the distributed algorithm to the asynchronous case, where communication loss exists in the smart grid. Using numerical examples, we show that the demand curve is flattened after the optimal PEV charging and load scheduling. We also show the robustness of the proposed method by considering estimation uncertainty on the overall next day load, and also the renewable energy. The distributed algorithms are shown to reduce the users’ daily bills with respect to different scenarios, thus motivating consumers to participate in the proposed framework.
Talent management: A new concept or repackaging of existing concepts?

Talent management (TM) is a recently emergent term that has attracted a great deal of interest from both practitioners and researchers. However, the meaning of TM is not yet clear, leaving many unanswered questions. Why has it been embraced so widely on a global level? What concepts does TM include? Is it really a new concept, or does it simply repackage what both HRM and HRD have been doing for many years? In fact, given that this journal is an HRD journal, is this a legitimate topic for consideration within this venue? As with many of the difficult questions facing HRD, this article explores these questions, providing many perspectives and suggesting what may be needed to clarify its use and to remove some, but not all, of the ambiguity conveyed in its use. My favorite theme, “it depends,” is repeated in this article. Keywords : Talent Management, Talent Development, High Potentials, HRD/HRM Convergence
Study Design Based on Quantile (Residual Life)

Statistical design of a time-to-event study is usually based on the log-rank test, which is optimal for the proportional hazards model to test for the hazard ratio. However, it would be more straightforward to design a study to test for a difference in quantile (residual) lifetimes, say to detect a difference in the median residual lifetime due to a drug effect. In this chapter, we consider such design strategies both in the absence and presence of competing risks.
Presenting Your Research

When you consider submitting your research for a conference presentation, it is wise to weigh the costs and benefits of the endeavor. The benefits include disseminating information to appreciative audiences, such as professors, students, clinicians, teachers, and other professionals interested in new ideas to assist them in their own work. As a personal gain, your audience may provide feedback on your research findings which may be invaluable to you in the development of your research program. Presenting research at conferences also allows for the opportunity to meet potential future advisors, employers, collaborators, and/or colleagues. Conferences are ideal settings for networking and, in fact, many conferences have forums organized for this exact purpose (e.g., job openings listed on a bulletin board and networking luncheons). The costs include the time commitment of writing and constructing the presentation, the potential for rejection from the reviewers, the cost of attending the conference, the anxiety inherent in formal presentations, and the time and expenses of traveling to the meeting. Although we do believe that the benefits of presenting at conferences outweigh the costs, you should consider the specific pros and cons for you, your research, the specific meeting, and your particular situation before embarking on this experience.
The perfect storm: The impact of disaster severity on internal human trafficking:

In this paper, we argue natural disasters have a positive association with the likelihood of internal or domestic trafficking. Trafficking is a function of individual vulnerability and subsequent c...
Radioactive Iodine-Related Clonal Hematopoiesis in Thyroid Cancer Is Common and Associated With Decreased Survival.

Context Radioactive iodine (RAI) has been epidemiologically associated with the development of hematologic malignancies. Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is a precursor clonal state that confers increased risk of leukemia and occurs at an elevated rate in patients with thyroid cancer relative to other solid tumors. Objective We explore if the high prevalence of CH may be a result of RAI exposure and whether CH may be a surrogate in the association between RAI and leukemia. Design CH, CH-potential driver (CH-PD), and overall survival were evaluated in 279 patients with advanced thyroid carcinoma. Results The prevalence of CH in patients with thyroid cancer was 37%, and that of CH-PD was 5.2%. Age was the strongest predictor of CH and CH-PD. For every year increase in age, there was a 5% and 13% increase in the odds of CH and CH-PD, respectively. RAI dose was significantly associated with CH and CH-PD, even after adjustment for age, external beam radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. For every 10 mCi increase in the dose of RAI administered, there was a 2% and 4% increase in the odds of CH and CH-PD, respectively. Patients with CH-PD previously exposed to RAI had a significantly poorer survival, even when stratified by age (heart rate = 3.75, 95% CI = 1.23 to 11.5, P = 0.02). Conclusions RAI was associated with a high prevalence of CH, and CH is a precursor state of hematologic malignancies. The implications of this study may favor identification of CH in patients where the risks might outweigh the benefits of receiving RAI therapy for thyroid cancer.
Chicas fuertes: Counterstories of Latinx parents raising strong girls

In this article, I explore the narratives and experiences of four Latinx mothers and fathers, Alma, Rose, Valente and Samuel, who participated with their adolescent daughters (grades nine-10), Blan...
Prohibited Stimulants in Dietary Supplements After Enforcement Action by the US Food and Drug Administration.

This analysis of dietary supplements purchased in 2014 and purchased again in 2017 examines whether stimulants that were initially present were still present after issuance of public notices by the US Food and Drug Administration to remove potentially hazardous ingredients.
Multifunctional Bio‐Nanocomposite Coatings for Perishable Fruits

Hunger and chronic undernourishment impact over 800 million people, which translates to ≈10.7% of the world's population. While countries are increasingly making efforts to reduce poverty and hunger by pursuing sustainable energy and agricultural practices, a third of the food produced around the globe still is wasted and never consumed. Reducing food shortages is vital in this effort and is often addressed by the development of genetically modified produce or chemical additives and inedible coatings, which create additional health and environmental concerns. Herein, a multifunctional bio-nanocomposite comprised largely of egg-derived polymers and cellulose nanomaterials as a conformal coating onto fresh produce that slows down food decay by retarding ripening, dehydration, and microbial invasion is reported. The coating is edible, washable, and made from readily available inexpensive or waste materials, which makes it a promising economic alternative to commercially available fruit coatings and a solution to combat food wastage that is rampant in the world.
Decline in biological resilience as key manifestation of aging: Potential mechanisms and role in health and longevity

Decline in biological resilience (ability to recover) is a key manifestation of aging that contributes to increase in vulnerability to death with age eventually limiting longevity even in people without major chronic diseases. Understanding the mechanisms of this decline is essential for developing efficient anti-aging and pro-longevity interventions. In this paper we discuss: a) mechanisms of the decline in resilience with age, and aging components that contribute to this decline, including depletion of body reserves, imperfect repair mechanisms, and slowdown of physiological processes and responses with age; b) anti-aging interventions that may improve resilience or attenuate its decline; c) biomarkers of resilience available in human and experimental studies; and d) genetic factors that could influence resilience. There are open questions about optimal anti-aging interventions that would oppose the decline in resilience along with extending longevity limits. However, the area develops quickly, and prospects are exciting.
Widespread Negative Longitudinal Piezoelectric Responses in Ferroelectric Crystals with Layered Structures.

In this study, we investigate the underlying mechanisms of the universal negative piezoelectricity in low-dimensional layered materials by carrying out first-principles calculations. Two-dimensional layered ferroelectric $\mathrm{CuIn}{\mathrm{P}}_{2}{\mathrm{S}}_{6}$ is analyzed in detail as a typical example, but the theory can be applied to any other low-dimensional layered piezoelectrics. Consistent with the theory proposed in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 207601 (2017), the anomalous negative piezoelectricity in ${\mathrm{CuIn}\mathrm{P}}_{2}{\mathrm{S}}_{6}$ also results from its negative clamped-ion term, which cannot be compensated by the positive internal-strain part. Here, we focus on a more general rule by proposing that having a negative clamped-ion term should be universal among piezoelectric materials, which is attributed to the ``lag of Wannier center'' effect. The internal-strain term, which is the change in polarization due to structural relaxation in response to strain, is mostly determined by the spatial structure and chemical bonding of the material. In a low-dimensional layered piezoelectric material such as ${\mathrm{CuIn}\mathrm{P}}_{2}{\mathrm{S}}_{6}$, the internal-strain term is approximately zero. This is because the internal structure of the molecular layers, which are bonded by the weak van der Waals interaction, responds little to the strain. As a result, the magnitude of the dipole, which depends strongly on the dimension and structure of the molecular layer, also has a small response with respect to strain. An equation bridging the internal strain responses in low-dimensional and three-dimensional piezoelectrics is also derived to analytically express this point. This work aims to deepen our understanding about this anomalous piezoelectric effect, especially in low-dimensional layered materials, and provide strategies for discovering materials with novel electromechanical properties.