cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Resonances in 26 Al, 29 Si and 30 Si: Are they entrance channel dependent?

One of the most interesting and fundamental challenges to arise from the study of heavy-ion collisions at bombarding energies well above the Coulomb barrier is that of understanding and describing the nature and properties of the compound nucleus. Indeed, the validity of the classical conception of an equilibrated, long-lived nucleus in which all nucleons share the available energy and angular momentum must be questioned in the regime of high excitation energies ~E~ available to experimentalists today. The occurrence of resonances in many lighter heavy-ion systems has served to focus a great deal of attention on this question since it is not altogether clear whether resonances are a signature of compound nucleus formation or depend mostly upon the entrance and/or exit channels. The work presented in this paper addresses the compound nucleus versus entrance channel effect aspect of heavy-ion reactions by searching for resonances correlated in different entrance channels leading to the same compound nucleus.
Visibility Queries in Simple Polygons and Applications

In this paper we explore some novel aspects of visibility for stationary and moving points inside a simple polygon P. We provide a mechanism for expressing the visibility polygon from a point as the disjoint union of logarithmically many canonical pieces using a quadraticspace data structure. This allows us to report visibility polygons in time proportional to their size, but without the cubic space overhead of earlier methods. The same canonical decomposition can be used to determine visibility within a frustum, or to compute various attributes of the visibility polygon efficiently. By exploring the connection between visibility polygons and shortest path trees, we obtain a kinetic algorithm that can track the visibility polygon as the viewpoint moves along polygonal paths inside P, at a polylogarithmic cost per combinatorial change in the visibility. The combination of the static and kinetic algorithms leads to a space query-time tradeoff for the visibility from a point problem and an output-sensitive algorithm for the weak visibility from a segment problem.
Liberal Egalitarianism and Black Reparations

Racial injustice in the United States has many manifestations, but the most tangible among them is material inequality.1 The racial gap, as measured by any indicator of wellbeing, is large and has changed little in recent decades. Since the civil rights era, the ratios of white to black household income and wealth have been remarkably consistent. Median black household income has hovered at around 60% of median white household income (Isaacs 2007). The wealth gap is much greater: before the Great Recession of 2007-09, the ratio of white to black household wealth stood at about ten to one; after the recession, it rose to astounding twenty to one (Kochlar, Fry, and Taylor 2011). Black unemployment has been roughly double that of whites for decades (Bureau of Labor Statistics 2011). The black poverty rate has been two to three times that of whites over the same period (DeNavas-Walt, Proctor, and Smith 2011). These grim statistics have deep historical roots. Though the causes and mechanisms of ongoing racial inequality are complex, there is no doubt that much of the underlying cause of structural racial inequality in the United States is caused by patterns of segregation and practices of discrimination that have taken place for much of our history. The evidence of the roots of present-day racial inequality in historical practices, many of which had the active support or at least the acquiescence of governments at the federal, state, and local levels, is overwhelming (see Conley 1999; Massey and Denton 1993; Oliver and Shapiro 2006). The racialized character of inequality in the United States reflects the failure to confront and address the accumulated effects of the subordination and oppression of African Americans under slavery and Jim Crow, so racial inequality in the United States is a case of unrectified historic injustice. This is the situation that some activists and scholars attempt to highlight by raising the issue of black reparations. The idea of black reparations is that the injustices of the past and their impact on the present provide powerful grounds for addressing racial inequality in public policy. Yet others, even some who support policies to reduce racial inequality, find the language of reparations unhelpful, or downright counterproductive. In this chapter I argue black reparations are demanded by justice, but that to appreciate the case for reparations requires putting it in its proper theoretical context.
Invariance, Maintenance, and Other Declarative Objectives of Triggers - A Formal Characterization of Active Databases

In this paper we take steps towards a systematic design of active features in an active database. We propose having declarative specifications that specify the objective of an active database and formulate the correctness of triggers with respect to such specifications. In the process we distinguish between the notions of 'invariance' and 'maintenance' and propose four different classes of specification constraints. We also propose three different types of triggers with distinct purposes and show through the analysis of an example from the literature, the correspondence between these trigger types and the specification classes. Finally, we briefly introduce the notion of k-maintenance that is important from the perspective of a reactive (active database) system.
Persistent Phenotypic Responses of Human Mammary Epithelial Cells Induced by Ionizing Radiation

Ionizing radiation (IR) is a known human breast carcinogen. Although the mutagenic capacity of IR is widely acknowledged as the basis for its action as a carcinogen, we and others have shown that IR can also induce growth factors and extracellular matrix remodeling. We have shown that irradiating human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) cultured with that transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ) can generate a persistent phenotype in daughter cells characterized by spindle cell morphology, increased mesenchymal markers, decreased epithelial markers and increased cellular motility and invasion, which are hallmarks of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Neither radiation nor TGFβ alone elicited EMT, although IR increased chronic TGFβ signaling and activity. Gene expression profiling revealed that double-treated cells exhibit a specific 10-gene signature associated with Erk/MAPK signaling. We hypothesized that IR-induced MAPK activation primes nonmalignant HMEC to undergo TGFβ-mediated EMT. Consistent with this, Erk phosphorylation was transiently induced by irradiation and persisted in irradiated cells treated with TGFβ, and inhibition of Erk activation, blocked the EMT phenotype. Preliminary studies suggest that eqi-toxic doses of sparsely and densely ionizing radiation resulted in comparable EMT when cells were cultivated in the presence of TGFβ, Furthermore radiation dose response studies show that this effect has a very low threshold in that a single exposure of 3-200 cGy radiation elicits the ‘same’ phenotypic switch, which is consistent with non-targeted effects. Together, these data show that the interactions between radiation-induced signaling pathways elicit heritable phenotypes that could contribute to radiation carcinogenesis.
The Legal Case for Russian Intervention in Georgia

A discussion of Russia's legal reasoning for intervening in the crisis between Georgia, South Ossetia, and Abkhazia in August 2008.
Fractionalization via Z(2) gauge fields at a cold-atom quantum Hall transition.

We study a single species of fermionic atoms in an ``effective'' magnetic field at total filling factor ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{f}=1$, interacting through a $p$-wave Feshbach resonance, and show that the system undergoes a quantum phase transition from a ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{f}=1$ fermionic integer quantum Hall state to ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{b}=1/4$ bosonic fractional quantum Hall state as a function of detuning. The transition is in the ($2+1$)D Ising universality class. We formulate a dual theory in terms of quasiparticles interacting with a ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ gauge field and show that charge fractionalization follows from this topological quantum phase transition. Experimental consequences and possible tests of our theoretical predictions are discussed.
Revision of Microlaimidae, Erection of Molgolaimidae fam.n., and Remarks on the Systematic Position of Paramicrolaimus (Nematoda, Desmodorida)

The family Microlaimidae contains Bolbolaiminae subfam.n. (Bolbolaimus syn. Pseudomicro-laimus) and Microlaiminae (Calomicrolaimus, Ixonema and Microlaimus). The new family Molgolaimidae contains Aponematinae subfam.n. (Aponema gen.n.) and Molgolaiminae subfam.n. (Molgolaimus and Prodesmodora). The main differentiating characters applied are: structures of the head region, shape of the oesophagus, position of the excretory pore, shape of the tail, structure of the gonads and ornamentation of the cuticle. The significance of porids and preanal supplements as distinguishing characters is, discussed. Microlaimidae are closely related to Desmodoridae; Molgolaimidae related to Spiriniidae. Paramicrolaimus is transferred from Microlaimidae to Spiriniidae.–Six species from the Oresund, Denmark, are redescribed: Microlaimus punctulatus Gerlach, 1950 and M. acinaces Warwick & Piatt, 1973; Aponema torosus (Lorenzen, 1973) gen.n., comb.n. (syn. Microlaimus torosus Loren-zen, 1973); Molgolaimus allgeni (Gerlach, 1950) comb.n. (syn. Microlaimus allgeni Gerlach, 1950) and M. turgofrons (Lorenzen, 1972) comb.n. (syn. Microlaimus turgofrons Lorenzen, 1972); Paramicrolaimus spirulifer Wieser, 1959.
Protein half-lives in neonatal mice after a toxic dose of cyclophosphamide.

Untersuchung der Cyclophosphamid-Wirkung bei 1 Tag alten Mausen. Die Halbwertszeit von Proteinen, die man wahrend der intrauterinen Entwicklung markierte, wurde in verschiedenen Geweben bestimmt. Ermittlung des Gleichgewichts zwischen Proteinsynthese in der Diskussion der Daten uber Wachstumsund Entwicklungsbeziehungen.
Mass independence of critical exponents in perturbation theory

The suggestion of Dash and Harrington that the critical exponent $gamma$ at the fixed point may be found in perturbation theory by its independence of the mass is investigated in the Reggeon calculus and in phi$sup 4$ theory in three dimensions (phi$sup 4$)$sub 3$. We discuss an ambiguity due to the choice of energy scale and find an invariant criterion for determining the point of mass independence. Neither the Reggeon calculus nor (phi$sup 4$)$sub 3$ satisfies this criterion, and no natural choice of energy scale works for (phi$sup 4$)$sub 3$ in second order. (AIP)
Use of P-32 in Stage III Epithelial Carcinoma of the Ovary

From 1982 through 1989, 56 patients with Stage III epithelial carcinoma of the ovary received intraperitoneal chromic phosphate following chemotherapy and second look (52 pts) or as the only postsurgical management (4 pts). Median follow-up was 48 months (range of 24 to 108 months). The 4 patients treated following primary surgery with P-32 without chemotherapy had microscopic abdominal disease (3 pts) or complete reduction of gross abdominal disease (1 pt), and their 5-year survival was 100%. Of the 52 patients treated with P-32 following PAC chemotherapy, 23 were pathologic negative, 15 had microscopic residual, and 14 had gross residual at second look. The 5-year survival following second look was 75% for negative, 48% for microscopic, and 32% for gross residual. There were 4 Grade 3 GI complications (7%). There were no complications in the 38 patients who received the P-32 within 12 hr of surgery. The use of P-32 as an adjuvant for Stage I and II epithelial carcinoma of ovary has been found to be effective in prior GOG trials. We have expanded the selection criteria in patients with Stage III carcinoma to include those who can be surgically reduced to microscopic residual at primary surgery or second look following chemo reduction. Because of multiple prognostic variables affecting survival in Stage III ovarian cancer, a randomized study with control arm would be necessary to draw firm conclusions regarding the effectiveness of P-32. The 5-year survival in this group of patients compares favorably to published reports.
Global Pattern Formation and Ethnic/Cultural Violence

We identify a process of global pattern formation that causes regions to differentiate by culture. Violence arises at boundaries between regions that are not sufficiently well defined. We model cultural differentiation as a separation of groups whose members prefer similar neighbors, with a characteristic group size at which violence occurs. Application of this model to the area of the former Yugoslavia and to India accurately predicts the locations of reported conflict. This model also points to imposed mixing or boundary clarification as mechanisms for promoting peace.
Birth Rate and Work Load1

This paper explores the relationship between birth rate and work load. More babies are born in the period when there is less work to be done but there are also other factors relevant to the number of conceptions and these include opportunities for conception, physical stamina, schedule of physical activity, leisure patterns, holidays, knowledge of contraception, climate and household temperatures, and differential fertility.
Conformation of histidine model peptides. I. Conformational energy calculations for L-alanyl-L-histidine diketopiperazine†

Semiempirical conformational energy calculations were carried out for the cyclic dipeptide L-alanyl-L-histidine diketopiperazine. The results indicate that electrostatic effects are probably significant in determining the conformation assumed by this molecule. When the imidazole group is in its uncharged state the most stable conformations of the molecule are those with the imidazole ring folded over the diketopiperazine ring (χ1 = 60°). Upon protonation of the imidazole group the folded conformation may be destabilized relative to conformations characterized by χ1 positions near 180°.
Historical Lessons: The Value of Pluralism in Psychological Research.

Psychologists tend to proclaim that their favored theoretical approach is the wave of the future that will replace existing paradigms. Typically, these proclamations, dating back to the early part of the 20th century, include the assertion that the new ideas will be resisted. However, opposing perspectives are often proclaimed to be the wave of the future. Such proclamations are counterproductive because they speak against pluralism in research and theory when the evidence does not settle matters. Nevertheless, it is useful, in measured ways, to consider accomplishments and needed future directions. Recent findings suggest that social and moral development is most adequately explained as stemming from children's multiple social interactions. Children's social relationships involve a combination of cooperation and conflict, as well as social harmony and social opposition. An important challenge is to understand how people oppose and resist injustices embedded in societal arrangements and cultural practices.
Creativity and interdisciplinarity: one creativity or many creativities?

Psychologists and educators frequently debate whether creativity and problem solving are domain-general—applicable to all disciplines and tasks—or domain-specific—tailored to specific disciplines and tasks. In this paper, we briefly review the major arguments for both positions, identify conceptual and empirical weaknesses of both perspectives, and describe two relatively new hybrid models that attempt to address ways in which creativity and innovation are both domain-general and domain-specific.
Leisure and happiness in the United States: evidence from survey data

We study the relationship between leisure and happiness, controlling for income and other determinants. Using survey data for the United States in 2007, our results show that certain aspects of leisure, such as leisure activity satisfaction, have a significant impact on individual well-being whereas the amount of leisure time may not play an important role in affecting happiness.
Changes in available nitrogen content of soils during storage.

Nitrification of mineralised NH4-N was enhanced by long-term laboratory storage in polyethylene bags. Such storage caused a slight decrease in soil pH, possibly due to release of acids from decomposing organic matter. Long-term oven-drying of soils released substantial amounts of NH4-N; the NO3-N remained practically unchanged. The magnitude of released NH4-N was noted to be dependent upon the organic matter content of soils. It was speculated that the released NH4-N came from the splitting of ammonium from N-bearing organic compounds in these soils.
A Simplified Method of Analyzing Short-Circuit Problems

This paper presents the theoretical basis for a theorem by which the practical analysis and visualization of short-circuit phenomena can be greatly simplified. The theorem follows from the approximation of neglecting resistance in the application of Kirchhoff's Law to closed circuits. Thus in any problem of short circuits in which the effect of resistance is negligible in the initial moment, and this includes many of them, the theorem applies. It is: If the resistance of a closed circuit is zero, then the algebraic sum of the magnetic linkages of the circuit must remain constant. Illustrative examples are given, including the transformer, the single-phase and polyphase alternator, and the induction motor.
Synaptotagmin I is a high affinity receptor for clathrin AP-2: Implications for membrane recycling

Summary In nerve terminals, Ca 2+ -stimulated synaptic vesicle exocytosis is rapidly followed by endocytosis. Synaptic vesicle endocytosis requires clathrin-coated pits similar to receptor-mediated endocytosis in fibroblasts. Binding of clathrin AP-2 (adaptor complex) to an unidentified high affinity membrane receptor appears to be necessary for coated pit assembly in fibroblasts. We now show that synaptic vesicles have a high affinity AP-2 site (K D , ∼1 × 10 su−10 M) similar to the one observed in fibroblasts. Using a combination of competition and direct binding assays, we demonstrate that synaptotagmin I, an intrinsic membrane protein of synaptic vesicles, has all of the properties of the AP-2 receptor and that AP-2 binds to the second C 2 domain in the molecule. Thus, synaptotagmin I may be a multifunctional protein with a function in endocytosis in addition to the previously proposed role in exocytosis.
A Semi-Blind Watermarking Scheme for Images using a Tree Structure

In this paper, we embed the watermark in a tree structure in the Discrete Wavelet Transform domain. For watermark embedding, the two level DWT decomposition of an N×N gray scale image I is computed. The same PRN sequence is embedded into the DWT coefficients higher than a given threshold T 1 in the LL2 and HH2 bands. The watermark is also embedded into the children of DWT coefficients. The original DWT coefficients are replaced by the modified DWT coefficients. The final step is to compute the inverse DWT to obtain the watermarked image I'. For watermark detection, the DWT of the watermarked and possibly attacked image I* is computed. All the DWT coefficients higher than a given threshold T 2 in the LL2 and HH2 bands are selected. Then the sum Z of all attacked DWT coefficients multiplied by either the embedded watermark or other random PRN sequence is computed, divided by the length of the PRN sequence. The sum is also computed for the children of modified DWT coefficients. A predefined threshold T is chosen for LL2 and HH2 bands and the HH1 band. In each band, if Z exceeds T, the conclusion is that the watermark is present.
OPTIMAL HIDDEN UNITS FOR TWO-LAYER NONLINEAR FEEDFORWARD NEURAL NETWORKS

The output layer of a feedforward neural network approximates nonlinear functions as a linear combination of a fixed set of basis functions, or "features". These features are learned by the hidden-layer units, often by a supervised algorithm such as a back-propagation algorithm. This paper investigates features which are optimal for computing desired output functions from a given distribution of input data, and which must therefore be learned using a mixed supervised and unsupervised algorithm. A definition is proposed for optimal nonlinear features, and a constructive method, which has an iterative implementation, is derived for finding them. The learning algorithm always converges to a global optimum and the resulting network uses two layers to compute the hidden units. The general form of the features is derived for the case of continuous signal input, and this result is related to transmission of information through a bandlimited channel. The results of other algorithms can he compared to the optimal features, which in some cases have easily computed closed-form solutions. The application of this technique to the inverse kinematics problem for a simulated planar two-joint robot arm is demonstrated here.
Cultivating Follower Trust: Are All Leader Behaviors Equally Influential?

We draw on the relevant extant literatures to examine the pathways to building trust through leader behaviors with three distinct emphases: the leader (personal leadership), the leader-follower relationship (relational leadership), and the situation (contextual leadership). We test this model using experimental data collected from experienced managers (Study 1) and field data collected from the peers and direct reports of business executives (Study 2). The results from these two studies both build on and challenge current views in the trust and leadership literatures about how leaders influence trust. Consistent with past literature, our findings indicate that various leadership behaviors appear to directly promote follower trust when analyzed independently. However, when these behaviors are analyzed jointly, relational leadership behaviors were found to mediate the effects of personal and contextual leadership behaviors on follower trust. The implications for theory and practice are discussed.
The role of visual imagery in desensitization.

Abstract A measure of visual imagery ability was obtained for 33 females who had participated in desensitization therapy for snake phobia. Visual imagery was positively related to pretherapy performance (closeness of approach to a live snake), but not to improvement. On the basis of these results and the results of two other studies, it was hypothesized that the fear of good imagers tends to be based on imagination while that of poor imagers tends to be based on sensory experience.
Mass spectrometric study of the evaporation of lithium and sodium molybdates and tungstates

Abstract The vapor phases in equilibrium with lithium molybdate, lithium tungstate, sodium molybdate and sodium tungstate salts were investigated by a mass spectrometric Knudsen effusion technique in the temperature range 1200–1800°K. Molybdenum and tungsten Knudsen cells were used as containers. Lithium molybdate and tungstate evaporate mainly as molecular Li 2 MoO 4 ( g ) and Li 2 WO 4 ( g ). Sodium molybdate and tungstate are reduced by the crucible material to yield Na( g ) and MoO 2 ( s ) and WO 2 ( s ), respectively. Heats of dissociation of Li 2 MoO 4 ( g ) and Li 2 WO 4 ( g ) to Li 2 O( g ) and MoO 3 ( g ) and to Li 2 O( g ) and WO 3 ( g ) are 119±5 kcal/mole and 132±5 kcal/mole, respectively.
Cα-H bond-stretching frequency in alcohols as a probe of hydrogen-bonding strength: A combined vibrational spectroscopic and theoretical study of n-[1-D]propanol

The sensitivity of the nu(C)()alpha(-)(H/D) vibrational stretching frequency to hydrogen bonding in alcohols is examined by infrared and Raman spectroscopy, supported by DFT(B3LYP)/6-311++G(d,p) calculations. The model compound studied is (R,S)-n-[1-D]propanol. It is shown that the nu(C)()alpha(-)(H/D) mode can be successfully correlated with the hydrogen-bond strength in a given solvent, provided the O-H group involved in the hydrogen bond is not acting simultaneously as a hydrogen-bond donor and acceptor. In addition, a detailed analysis of the spectroscopic features observed in both the nu(O)(-)(H) and nu(C)()alpha(-)(H/D) spectral regions of the spectra of n-propanol and (R,S)-n-[1-D]propanol, in a series of different experimental conditions, which include the matrix-isolated compound (in argon matrix), pure liquid and low-temperature glassy states, and solution in different solvents, is undertaken. This permits the contribution of the different conformers of the studied compounds to be assigned to the bands observed in the nu(O)(-)(H) and nu(C)(-)(H) spectral regions.
MASS TRANSFER IN A COUNTERCURRENT, SUPERCRITICAL EXTRACTION SYSTEM FOR SOLUTES IN MOIST SOLIDS

Abstract Solutions of partial differential equations (PDE) that describe mass transfer in conventional continuous, countercurrent solid-liquid extraction systems also successfully describe mass transfer in nearly continuous, contercurrent extraction systems where supercritical fluid (SF) is used to extract solutes from moist solids. These solutions can also be used to describe mass-transfer behavior in absorbers where solutes are transferred from SF to showers of liquid drops if information about drop diameters and velocities, effects of circulation in drops and, most important, axial dispersion is available. The variables involved include: dimensionless concentrations, Ficks number, F = Dst/a2 , the stripping factor, a the Peclet number, UL/Da and the mass-transfer Biot number, Bi. In extractors, a slightly greater than 1.0 are needed to provided efficient extraction without excessive circulation of solvent; in absorbers, α should be < 1.0. α, Pe and Bi are used in PDE solutions to determine F and extrac...
Cerebroside analogues from 3-phenylserines

Cerebroside analogues were synthesized from DL-threo-and DL-erythro-3-phenylserines by the following sequence of reactions: esterification, N-acylation, reduction with sodium bis (2-methoxyethoxy)-aluminum hydride (SMEAH), and condensation with acetobromoglucose followed by deacetylation. Mass spectrometry disclosed that the glycosidic bond was formed at the primary hydroxyl group.
Plasma interleukin-10 levels and adverse outcomes in acute coronary syndrome.

Abstract Purpose or Background Interleukin (IL)-10 is an immunoregulatory cytokine that is produced by a variety of cell types, such as macrophages and activated monocytes. IL-10 possesses numerous anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic and anti-atherosclerotic properties. Furthermore, patients with acute coronary syndrome have been demonstrated to have reduced levels of IL-10 compared to their stable counterparts. For these reasons, it has been proposed that IL-10 plays a protective role in both atherogenesis and plaque vulnerability. However, 2 short-term studies on the prognostic utility of IL-10 in patients with acute coronary syndrome have provided conflicting results, with one study showing that reduced levels of IL-10 were predictors of adverse outcomes and another showing that elevated levels predicted poor outcomes. The objective of the present study was to investigate the long-term prognostic significance of baseline IL-10 levels in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Methods Baseline plasma IL-10 levels were measured in 193 well-characterized male patients with acute coronary syndrome who were referred for coronary angiography and followed prospectively for 5 years for the development of major adverse cardiovascular events. Results After controlling for a variety of baseline variables (including established biomarkers such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide), plasma IL-10 levels (whether analyzed as a continuous variable or as a categorical variable using receiver operating characteristic-derived cut point) were a strong and independent predictor of the composite outcome of death or non-fatal myocardial infarction when using a Cox proportional hazards model. Conclusions These data demonstrate that, despite biologic plausibility for IL-10 as being a cardioprotective cytokine, elevated baseline plasma levels of IL-10 are a strong and independent predictor of long-term adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
Dependence of interconnection delays on driving mechanism for GaAs-based VLSI

The dependence of interconnection delays on several different methods has been examined for GaAs-based VLSI.
The determination of the molecular distributions of graphite binder materials by gel permeation chromatography

Abstract The molecular distributions of a number of furfuryl alcohol resins, coal tar pitches, coumarone-indene resins and gilsonite resins were characterised by the new technique of gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The components of the furfuryl alcohol resins ranged in mol. wt. from about 5000 down to monomer. The lower mol. wt. species were well resolved by GPC, and the degrees of conversion to higher mol. wt. polymer could easily be noted. The GPC curves of the tetrahydrofuran-soluble fractions of a series of coal tar pitches fell between 4000 and 70 or 80. The pitch fractions all had peak maximums at about 200 and tailed on the high mol. wt. sides. The coumarone-indene GPC curves varied markedly with softening points. The molecular distributions of these polymers appeared between 5000 and 70 or 80. A dependence of the coumarone-indene molecular distributions on color index was also found. The gilsonite resin molecular distributions ranged from 5000 to 70 or 80 with the peak maximums at approximately 2000.
Simple parametrization of fragment reduced widths in heavy ion collisions

A systematic analysis of the observed reduced widths obtained in relativistic heavy ion fragmentation reactions is used to develop a phenomenological parametrization of these data. The parametrization is simple, accurate, and completely general in applicability.
Albert Thibaudet on the Control of Ideas

IN RECENT months serious-minded educators have been pointing out to all those interested in education for democratic living certain trends which might prove inimical to such education. From some, for example, has come the reminder, in the name of Thomas Jefferson, that we must tolerate error in the news as in the universities and that any over-zealous attempt to "guarantee the right," however well-intentioned, is a step toward the destruction of democracy.' With the Subversive Activities Control Act cited as merely a larger symptom of a disease epidemic throughout the countrya disease evidenced by the capitulation of the press in its approval of compulsive pressures on school boards and trustees-we have been told that Jefferson would hardly have understood our use of the term liberty if in its name we attempt to control the speech, the thoughts, and the intellectual investigations of our citizens.2 Furthermore, it has been said that, if our term "freedom of enterprise" should come to include only money-making enterprise, with science and literature, scholarship and teaching deprived of equal freedom, our society is likely to become what Hitler said it already was, a plutocracy.3 By others it has been implied that this subtle current of control follows as a corollary a gradual deviation from the ideal of international cooperation and a growing, if not openly acknowledged, spirit of nationalism. Social scientists have felt impelled to caution that "education in all its forms must oppose national self-righteousness and strive to bring about a critical and self-disciplined assessment of our own and other forms of social life."4 More than that, we have been warned that collective egoism is hardly the state of mind from which come enlargements of brotherhood and justice--of democracy-and that, with the whole history of human conflict a chronicle of warring self-interest masked in high moral pretensions, Americans must
Why Are Individuals Attracted to Organizations

Applicant attraction is vital to the success of an organization. Despite its importance, however, research on it has tended to proceed in a relatively piecemeal way. Accordingly, the authors present a framework for attraction research through an examination of the underlying relevant theories. Specifically, they identify three overarching metatheories focusing on environment processing, interactionist processing, and self-processing that form the basis for their theoretical model. The authors conclude with an examination of future research directions.
3‐D time‐dependent simulations of the tethered satellite‐ionosphere interaction

A three-dimensional time-dependent fluid model was used to study the interaction of the TSS-1R satellite with the ionosphere. The model was configured to take account of the correct satellite size (1.6m) and velocity (8 km/s), a realistic O+/electron mass ratio (29,150), the geomagnetic field, and the length of time the satellite stays on specific field lines. The simulation boundary was also moved far from the satellite (∼20m) in an effort to minimize boundary condition effects. The emphasis was on positive satellite potentials just above (10 v) and below (4 v) the O+ ram energy of 5 eV. The simulations indicated the following: (1) A very long, field-aligned, cylindrical potential structure forms, which has a radius slightly larger than the satellite radius; (2) A sheath forms around the satellite in a toroidal region in the equatorial plane, but does not form in the cylindrical volume where the B-field intersects the satellite. The sheath E-field is mapped along B and exists in a thin cylindrical shell with radii that extend from the satellite surface (Rs) to about 1.3 Rs; (3) The sheath is asymmetric due to the satellite motion across B, but this makes a negligible contribution to the collected current because of the large satellite size; (4) For a 10-volt satellite, the sheath reflects O+ ions in the ram direction, which results in a slight density buildup in front of the satellite; and (5) The bulk of the current flows along B, but Hall and E-field components also exist. Their magnitudes vary markedly with position, but representative values can be given at locations where the currents are the largest. In terms of the thermal current, the parallel to B component is 4.2 along the polar axis one Rs away from the satellite. Close to the satellite, and in the equatorial plane and ram direction, the E × B component is 8.8 and the component parallel to E is 2.0. The collected current is much larger than that predicted by the simple Parker-Murphy theory.
Bipartite regulation numbers

The bipartite regulation number br(G) of a bipartite graph G with maximum degree d is the minimum number of vertices required to add to G to construct a d-regular bipartite supergraph of G. It is shown that if G is a connected m-by-n bipartite graph with m ~ d - 1, then br(G) = n - m. If, however, n - m ~ 2) are integers such that 0 <~ l <~ k and 2 <~ k <~ d, then there is an connected m-by-n bipartite graph G of maximum degree d for which br(G) = n - m + 2/, for some m and n with k = d - (n - m). A well-known result of KOnig [9] states that every graph G of maximum degree d is an induced subgraph of a d-regular graph H. Erd6s and Kelly [5] determined the minimum number of vertices (the induced regulation number) which must be added to G to obtain such a supergraph H. This latter result was extended to digraphs by Beineke and Pippert [3]. The regulation number of a graph G is the minimum number of vertices which must be added to G to construct a d-regular supergraph H. In this case, G need not be an induced subgraph of H. Regulation numbers of graphs were introduced by Akiyama, Era and Harary [1], and were further studied by Akiyama and Harary [2] and Harary and Schrnidt [8]. Analogous concepts for digraphs and multigraphs were introduced by Harary and Karabed [7] and Chartrand, Harary and Oellermann [4], respectively. Here we consider the bipartite regulation numbers.
9p21 deletion correlates with recurrence in head and neck cancer

Background Deletion of 9p21 is a common event in many human tumors, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The gene CDKN2, which encodes the protein p16, a cyclin-dependent kinase-4 inhibitor, maps to 9p21. The role of CDKN2 as the tumor suppressor gene in these neoplasms is unclear. The role of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) as a prognostic tool has not been described in HNSCC. Methods We performed deletion mapping using Southern and PCR-based LOH analysis and prospective survival analysis. Results We demonstrate that LOH of 9p and, specifically, the interferon (IFN) gene cluster correlates with recurrence of HNSCC. We also demonstrate two separate areas of deletion on 9p, one centromeric to IFNβ and telomeric to CDKN2 and the other centromeric to CDKN2 and telomeric to the polymorphic marker D9S19. All the deletions involve either the markers IFNα and/or D9S171 and D9S126 but not necessarily CDKN2. Conclusions These results suggest another tumor suppressor gene (TSG) may be involved in HNSCC carcinogenesis and may play a role in aggressive disease as manifest by local, regional, or distant recurrence. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck20: 113–118, 1998.
Second Sound in Square and Cubical Cavities

The response of closed square and cubical cavities to linear standing waves of second sound in helium ii has been studied. In a square cavity, when the number of half-wavelengths $n$ along one side is even, a linear wave in the $x$ direction couples loosely with the $y$ direction, producing standing waves in both directions at two resonant frequencies, in a narrow doublet. The theory of the coupled waves is analogous to that for coupled LC electric circuits. When $n$ is odd, a linear wave does not couple with the perpendicular directions. However, owing to quadratic terms in the thermohydrodynamic equations, a small-amplitude wave at twice the frequency of the standing wave is generated, and this wave is present along both the $x$ and $y$ axes. A theory of these phenomena is presented, along with frequency, amplitude, phase, and $Q$ measurements. The results are similar in cubical cavities, but the number of available coupled-wave modes is reduced by cancellation of waves, due to the symmetry of the cavity.
Unrestricted animalism and the too many candidates problem

Standard animalists are committed to a stringent form of restricted composition, thereby denying the existence of brains, hands, and other proper parts of an organism (they also deny the existence of inanimate, composite objects). One reason for positing this near-nihilistic ontology comes from various challenges to animalism such as the Thinking Parts Argument, the Unity Argument, and the Argument from the Problem of the Many. In this paper, I show that these putatively distinct arguments are all instances of a more general problem, which I call the ‘Too Many Candidates Problem’ (or ‘TMC’ for short). Given my formulation of the problem, it is evident that standard animalists are mistaken in believing that restricting composition (and denying the existence of the proper parts of organisms) is the only solution. I show that there is another option for solving the TMC. The advantage of such a position, which I call ‘unrestricted animalism’, is that it is compatible with (a temporally-relativized version of) unrestricted composition and the existence of brains and other proper parts of an organism. I conclude by sketching several strategies one can take regarding this latter solution to the TMC.
Here I am Now! Critical ethnography and community service-learning with immigrant and refugee undergraduate students and youth

Here I am Now! is the title a multi-ethnic group of immigrant and refugee undergraduate students and neighboring urban Vietnamese and Cambodian refugee youth gave to their participatory photography installation. The exhibit was the culmination of undergraduate students’ participation in a series of Community Service-Learning (CSL) courses offered through CIRCLE (Center for Immigrant and Refugee Community Leadership and Empowerment) at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. While CSL has become an established educational practice at most US universities campuses, little research has been conducted viewing the educational impact of this pedagogy on diverse student populations. The majority of the scholarship focuses on the experiences of white middle-class students engaged with communities from unfamiliar and different socio-cultural, racial, ethic and economic backgrounds. This paper examines how immigrant and refugee undergraduate students understood their participation in a creative community service-l...
Elemental Composition Analysis of Processed and Unprocessed Diesel Fuel by Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry

High-resolution (100 000 < m/Δm50% < 250 000, in which Δm50% denotes mass spectral peak full width at half-maximum height) electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance positive-ion mass spectra of unprocessed (and processed) diesel fuels resolves approximately 500 (and 200) chemically different constituents over a mass range from 200 to 452 Da, with as many as 6 resolved elemental compositions at a given nominal mass. Molecular formulas were assigned from accurate mass measurement to within ±1 ppm. Compound types were identified by Kendrick mass analysis. On the basis of the experimental behavior of model compounds, electrospray ionization was found to ionize selectively basic pyridine homologuescompounds responsible for deactivation of hydrotreatment catalysts and instability of fuels during storage. Compound classes identified in the unprocessed diesel fuel include those containing N, N2, NS, NO, N2O, O2, and SO and, in the processed diesel, N, N2, NO2, and SO. Comparison of unproce...
Competing reactions of secondary alcohols with sodium hypochlorite promoted by phase-transfer catalysis.

With aqueous hypochlorite and a phase transfer catalyst, secondary alcohols undergo hitherto unreported free radical reactions that compete with and effectively limit traditional ketone syntheses. Product mixture profiles are determined by reactant ratios, organic cosolvent, and availability of oxygen to the system. Under argon, over half of substrate alcohols, PhCH(OH)R, are converted to benzaldehyde and free radical products through β-scission of intermediate alkyl hypochlorites. Secondary alcohols with R containing three or more carbons also may undergo δ chlorination.
Fracture of the Medial Tubercle of the Posterior Process of the Talus: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Appearance with Clinical Follow-Up

Fractures of the medial tubercle of the posterior process of the talus are rare injuries. They are often misdiagnosed, resulting in increased morbidity and symptoms of chronic ankle pain and instability. When undetected, these fractures may become displaced, with potential additional injuries such as to the flexor hallucis longus tendon which may become interposed between the fracture fragments. We report a case of a clinically unsuspected fracture of the medial tubercle of the posterior process of the talus seen on magnetic resonance imaging, treated conservatively, with interval satisfactory healing of the fracture at 6 weeks follow-up.
Alpha decay of neutron deficient astatine isotopes

Abstract Isotopes of astatine lighter than mass 205 were studied at the Heavy Ion Linear Accelerator by bombardment of 185Re and 187Re with 20Ne, using Si (Au) surface barrier detectors in on-line measurements. Mass number assignments of astatine 201 through 196 are based on excitation functions and on genetic relationships with polonium isotopes. Accurate alpha energies are reported for 204At through 196At, for 202Po through 194Po and for four light bismuth isotopes. Half-lives are given for 202At through 196At, and for the bismuth isotopes. Isomerism was detected in 202At, 200At and 198At.
Ageing response and mechanical properties of a SiCp/Al-Li (8090) composite

The ageing kinetics of a silicon carbide particle-reinforced Al-Li (8090) matrix composite and unreinforced alloy, both made by spray forming, were investigated. Ageing treatments, without any straining after solutionizing, and with a 2% plastic strain after solutionizing, were employed. The peak ageing times of the matrix in the composite was shorter than that of the unreinforced alloy. The enhanced hardening rate of the matrix in the composite was attributed to the higher dislocation density induced as a result of the plastic deformation occurring at the particle/matrix interface. This plastic deformation is a result of the large difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion between the particles and matrix. Subjecting the samples to a 2% plastic strain reduced the peak ageing times even further. The tensile strength of the composite samples was marginally higher than that of the unreinforced alloy. Samples subjected to 2% plastic straining prior to ageing also exhibited higher strength values. The strain to failure of all the samples did not recover in the over-aged state.
Investigation of interface delamination in a SO8 package under reflow

In the semiconductor industry, efficient and effective reliability qualification is very critical. In order to investigate the moisture effect for nonhermetic packages, reliability test such as preconditioning is designed and characterized. Interface delamination is a very common moisture-related failure mode. This is the comprehensive results from coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch and hygroscopic swelling mismatch between different materials, degradation of materials and adhesion strength, and large vapor pressure buildup in high temperature. In this paper, the finite element analysis (FEA) modeling is conducted to study the interface delamination of the SO8 package during reflow with and without moisture. The moisture diffusion simulation is firstly conducted using the thermal-moisture analogy. Then the vapor pressure is calculated based on the moisture distribution and steam table. Finally, the equivalent CTE method is used to simulate the stress, which includes the CTE mismatch induced stress, hygroscopic stress and vapor pressure induced stress. The impact of 4 parameters are studied, die attach (DA) material, bond line thickness (BLT), DA epoxy coverage, and reflow with and without moisture. Totally 54 simulation legs are generated through the design of experiment (DoE) for the 4 variables with different levels. Simulation results show that the stresses in DA epoxy and mold compound increase when subjected to reflow with moisture compared with the pure reflow without moisture. Thin BLT might increase the risk of interface delamination between DA epoxy and die attach pad (DAP), mold compound and lead frame. Full DA coverage is not the best case to obtain the lowest interface stress and avoid interface delamination.