cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cardiac endothelial transport and metabolism of adenosine and inosine

The influence of transmembrane flux limitations on cellular metabolism of purine nucleosides was assessed in whole organ studies. Transcapillary transport of the purine nucleosides adenosine (Ado) ...
The use of whole body computed tomography scans in pediatric trauma patients: Are there differences among adults and pediatric centers?

Abstract Introduction Whole body CT (WBCT) scan is known to be associated with significant radiation risk especially in pediatric trauma patients. The aim of this study was to assess the use WBCT scan across trauma centers for the management of pediatric trauma patients. Methods We performed a two year (2011–2012) retrospective analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank. Pediatric (age ≤ 18 years) trauma patients managed in level I or II adult or pediatric trauma centers with a head, neck, thoracic, or abdominal CT scan were included. WBCT scan was defined as CT scan of the head, neck, thorax, and abdomen. Patients were stratified into two groups: patients managed in adult centers and patients managed in designated pediatric centers. Outcome measure was use of WBCT. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Results A total of 30,667 pediatric trauma patients were included of which; 38.3% (n = 11,748) were managed in designated pediatric centers. 26.1% (n = 8013) patients received a WBCT. The use of WBCT scan was significantly higher in adult trauma centers in comparison to pediatric centers (31.4% vs. 17.6%, p = 0.001). There was no difference in mortality rate between the two groups (2.2% vs. 2.1%, p = 0.37). After adjusting for all confounding factors, pediatric patients managed in adult centers were 1.8 times more likely to receive a WBCT compared to patients managed in pediatric centers (OR [95% CI]: 1.8 [1.3–2.1], p = 0.001). Conclusions Variability exists in the use of WBCT scan across trauma centers with no difference in patient outcomes. Pediatric patients managed in adult trauma centers were more likely to be managed with WBCT, increasing their risk for radiation without a difference in outcomes. Establishing guidelines for minimizing the use of WBCT across centers is warranted.
Risk-taking behavior and its impact on treatment, vaccination and diagnosing

We present results from two recent mathematical biology studies that address the effect of risktaking behavior on epidemic models. We show that when risk-taking prevails over risk-avoidance, it is possible to show a detrimental and counterintuitive effect from increasing vaccination and treatment rates over certain critical time intervals. In addition, when risk-taking has a cumulative effect within the population, a lower transmission rate from diagnosed infected individuals may prevent the intended effect of vaccination.
Using whole immune system characterization (immune profiling) to identify immune biomarkers to determine patient selection, dosing, and efficacy of new immune therapies

Meeting abstracts Considerable diversity exists in the immune competency of cancer patients even within patients of the same diagnosis. The relationship between the nature and degree of immune suppression and the responses to different targets of immunotherapy will be the key to the rapid
The Application of Neuroimaging Techniques to Drug Development

Neuroimaging is a powerful and innovative tool for studying the pathology of psychiatric diseases and, more recently, for studying the drugs used in their treatment. Technological advances in imaging have made it possible to noninvasively extract information from the human brain regarding a drug's mechanism and site of action. Until now, our understanding of human brain pharmacology has depended primarily on indirect assessments or models derived from animal studies. However, the advent of multiple techniques for human brain imaging allows researchers to focus directly on human pharmacology and brain function. This review outlines available neuroimaging techniques and examines how these various methods have already been applied to the drug development process, as well as how they might be applied in the future.
Aligning Comprehensive School Counseling Programs and Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports to Maximize School Counselors’ Efforts:

School counselors are tasked with contributing to a safe and preventative school climate serving students' academic, career, and social/emotional needs through comprehensive school counseling program implementation. Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) prioritizes a positive school climate, is widely implemented in the United States, and has been recommended by influential educational stakeholders. School counselors can assist with PBIS implementation; however, no thorough description exists of the alignment between comprehensive school counseling programs and PBIS. In this article, the authors conceptualize this alignment, aiming to increase school counselors' and stakeholders' understanding of and advocacy for this alignment to maximize school counselors' efforts. The article provides school counseling implications and recommendations.
Some Factors in Planning for Marinas

Some factors in planning of marinas are evaluated, including determinations required to establish site, size, and tributary area. Possible conflicts with other water resource uses are enumerated. The required planning is approached from a conceptual viewpoint, with primary emphasis given to the full-scale marina developments required near densely populated urban areas.
Insights into the Freiburg Anatomical Institute during National Socialism, 1933-1945.

The Anatomical Institute at the Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg is among the anatomical departments for which a comprehensive account of its history during National Socialism (NS) is still missing. Previous investigations (such as in: Grun et al., 2002) have revealed the political activities of some anatomists, but, in the absence of relevant body-registers, a more comprehensive examination of the anatomical body procurement has not been attempted. The inspection of records in university and municipal archives allows insight into the activities in the institute within the historical context. The Freiburg Institute shared the experience of the impact of NS politics with other German anatomies. Four anatomists were dismissed because of NS racial discrimination, and chairman von Mollendorf left for political reasons. His successor Nauck's appointment was politically motivated, as he was a staunch Nazi. His colleagues were also members of NS political organizations. Body procurement was controversial between the public and the anatomists in Freiburg prior to and following the Third Reich, and much of the anatomists' efforts focused on the improvement of the body supply. In 1935, and, again during the war, the number of bodies was sufficient for anatomical education. Among the traditional sources of body procurement were increasing numbers of NS victims. Forty-four of them can be identified, among them 21 forced laborers and their children who died of so-called natural causes, and 22 men who had been executed at Stuttgart prison on April 6, 1943. While the victims' names have been ascertained, their biographies still need restoration to ensure an appropriate commemoration.
Biological Observations on Timema californica (Phasmoidea: Phasmidae)

Timema californica Scudder, a wingless phasmid, is found on live oaks, Quercus agrifolia , in coastal California. It was maintained in the laboratory on oak leaves liberally sprinkled with drops of water from which the insects drank. Adults lived 2–3 months, feeding on less than 1 leaf each per day and dropping 6–8 fecal pellets. Males remain mounted dorsally on the females almost continuously; copulation appears to be initiated at night and to last for hours. Eggs are laid (usually dropped) at night; total egg production is 60–80 per female in a 2 month period, with highest production in the first 2 weeks.
Observations on Chytridiaceous Parasites of Phanerogams. XXIII. Notes on Physoderma

Primarily morphological notes on Physodermas collected over the years in the vicinity of the University of Michigan Biological Station are given and the fungi illustrated. Hosts on which these occu...
Project Goals, Team Performance, and Shared Understanding

ABSTRACTThe need to provide teams with clear, concise goals is prevalent in the team literature. Advancing this idea one step further involves the need for team members and the organization to have...
Sex differences in reinstatement of cocaine-seeking in rats after acute treatment of progesterone and atomoxetine

Drug and Alcohol Dependence 156 (2015) e183–e245 e217 The use of new psychoactive substances amongst a sample of regular psychostimulant users, 2010–2014 Rachel Sutherland2,∗, Lucy Burns1 1 NDARC, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia 2 National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW,
Analysis on HIV Occupational Exposure and Protection of 28 Patients

Objective:To reduce the infective opportunity of HIV occupational exposure in the process of the occupational activity.Method:Twentyeight HIV occupational exposure cases from 2008 to 2012 were selected as investigation objects.Researchers analyzed the situation of these HIV occupational exposure cases.Result:The medical personnel were at high risk of HIV occupational exposure from 2008 to 2012 in the area.Acupuncture was the most common route of exposure.Researchers analyzed the training rate of these HIV occupational exposure cases.They found out nurses all were trained(8/8),the training rate of doctor was 53.85%(7/13),no police received the training(0/4),the training rate of other group was 33.33%(1/3).Researchers compared the training rate of these occupational exposure cases nearly 5 years,includes 2008(71.43%),2009(40%),2010(75%),2011(66.67%) and 2012(88.89%),the difference were statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion:Strengthening the prejob training and executing comprehensive protective measures can effectively prevent the occurrence of occupational exposure.
On the Identification of Humor Markers in Computer-Mediated Communication.

This study presents a quantitative analysis of humor markers in computer-mediated communication (CMC). The data for this analysis consists of naturally occurring asynchronous CMC interactions from a public fan forum. Posts were tagged and coded as either humorous or non-humorous, and each individual humorous unit was coded as being one of 8 specific forms of humor. Next, each post was tagged and coded for the use of linguistic markers in the following categories: Punctuation, formatting, emoticons, laughter, and explicit. Descriptive and inferential statistics determined the following in the present data set: 1) Markers from each of the 5 marker categories occurred significantly more in humorous than nonhumorous turns (p > 0.001); 2) Each of the 8 forms of humor present in the data were tested for the use of each marker-type, which suggests the existence of correlations between the iconic use of formatting in hyperbole (p > 0.001), the use of laughter in jocularity (p = 0.019) and insult (p = 0.024), and the use of emoticon in jocularity (p = 0.031); and 3) Humorous units which used humor markers gained significantly more humor response than unmarked humorous units (p > 0.001). These results provide a better understanding of features potentially related to the automated identification of humor.
Defeating the Vigilance Decrement

OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONS We tested the boundaries of Parasuraman's vigilance taxonomy to see how porous they are. The degree of porosity is especially informative in mitigating and eliminating the vigilance decrement. These results are relevant to every form of human operation in automated, semi-automated, and autonomous computer-mediated systems.TECHNICAL ABSTRACT Background: When vigilance was stultified, and threatened to become moribund, Parasuraman's vigilance taxonomy revivified the area of research. The taxonomic description features dichotomies across event rate and target comparison type to establish the boundaries of consistent monitoring degradation. This insight implicated resource theory as the causal explanation for the vigilance decrement, founded on the depleting attentional demands of increasing memory load. Despite its manifest value, taxonomic differentiations still require the fixation of constraints that continually have to be challenged and re-evaluated in light of emerging evidence...
Cognitive hierarchy theory for heterogeneous uplink multiple access in the Internet of Things

In this paper, the problem of distributed uplink random access is studied for an Internet of Things (IoT) system, composed of heterogeneous group of nodes compromising both machine-type devices (MTDs) and human-type devices (HTDs). The problem is formulated as a noncooperative game between the heterogeneous IoT devices whose goal is to find the transmission probabilities and service rates that meet their individual quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. To solve this game while capturing the heterogeneity of the devices, in terms of resource constraints and QoS needs, a novel approach based on the behavioral game framework of cognitive hierarchy (CH) theory is proposed. This approach enables the IoT devices to reach a CH equilibrium concept that adequately factors in the various levels of rationality corresponding to the heterogeneous capabilities of MTDs and HTDs. Simulation results show that the proposed CH solution can significantly improve the performance, in terms of energy efficiency, for both MTDs and HTDs, achieving, on the average, a 67% improvement compared to the traditional Nash equilibrium-based game-theoretic solutions.
A numerical method for inverse source problems for Poisson and Helmholtz equations

Abstract This paper is concerned with an iterative algorithm for inverse evaluation of the source function for two elliptic systems. The algorithm starts with an initial guess for the unknown source function, obtains a background field and, obtains the working equations for the error field. The correction to the assumed value appears as a source term for the error field. It formulates two well-posed problems for the error field which makes it possible to obtain the correction term. The algorithm can also recover the source function with partial data at the boundary. We consider 2-D as well as 3-D domains. The method can be applied to both Poisson and Helmholtz operators. Numerical results indicate that the algorithm can recover close estimates of the unknown source functions based on measurements collected at the boundary.
Does decreased taurine and creatine in the thalamus by magnetic resounances spectroscopy (MRS) relate to neurological disorders in mice with late stage ALD

1862 Objectives Objectives: These studies are designed to quantify in vivo functional changes of neurobiochemicals in the thalamus in mice with late stage alcoholic liver diseases (ALD), to study neurological disorders including behavioral and brain and liver histopathological changes, and to seek correlations between behavior disorders and neurobiochemical changes within the thalamus. Methods Methods: 6-8 week old BALB/C mice were fed with Lieber-DeCarli diets containing 27% calories as ethanol or control diets for 7 months. The research protocol was approved by IACUC of the UMSOM. After 7 months of feeding, In vivo MRS quantification in the thalamus was acquired using Bruker BioSpec 7T MR scanner. These animals subsequently underwent open field test (OFT) by our established standard methods. When all tests were completed, the tissues of livers and brains as well as blood samples were collected for pathological analyses including liver and brain H&E staining for pathological changes, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining for neuron apoptosis, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining for astrocytosis. Data were analyzed by Two-Way ANOVA. Results Results: Firstly, in vivo MRS thalamus quantification revealed in late stage ALD mice, significantly decreased levels (mM) of creatine (5.74 ± 0.23 vs. 6.75 ± 0.16, p Conclusions Conclusions: Our MRS thalamus neurobiochemical profile quantification studies for the first time has revealed strong correlations between oxidative stress-related neurobiochemicals taurine and creatine in thalamus and neurological disorders via increased neuron degeneration, apoptosis and astrocytosis in the same region in late stage ALD model. Thus, MRS non-invasive functional study is an important method to study ALD related neurological disorders. Funded by Department Chair Research Fund, RSNA Resident Research Grant, and Innovation Seed Grant of UMB and UMCP.
Practice for the Future: The Aspirational Politics of Nigerian Students

In April 2013, an image gained traction within Nigerian social media. In an undisclosed city, likely Lagos or Ibadan, a young man stands by the roadside, raising a cloth banner aloft in an eye-catching shade of neon green. In this part of the world, a young person soliciting passing vehicles with advertisements or goods for purchase is an expected component of the urban scenery. The presence of this young man, however, is curious. Overdressed for petty street hawking, he wears a crisp pair of khaki slacks. A dark cardigan with a white-collared shirt peeks out above his neckline, and a book bag straddles his shoulders. Stamped in red and blue block letters on the canvas sign are the words “I NEED JOB.” Below this, a terse delineation of the graduate’s qualifications: a Bachelors of Science in Public Administration with honors; a diploma in Human Relations; and, membership in two professional bodies, followed by his phone number. The image of the young man peddling his credentials was recirculated as an emblem of the unpromising reality awaiting young Nigerians.
Luminescent 2,7-disubstituted germafluorenes

Abstract A series of six luminescent 2,7-alkynyl(aryl)-3,6-dimethoxy-9,9-diphenylgermafluorenes were synthesized from the corresponding 2,7-dibromo-3,6-dimethoxy-9,9-diphenylgermafluorene utilizing a palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction to incorporate different alkynyl(aryl) groups at the 2,7-positions of the germafluorene ring. The new germafluorenes show an intense absorption band centered between 371 and 388 nm and moderate to strong emission in solution between 401 and 443 nm (ΦF = 0.65–0.83) as well as emission from the solid-state. Germafluorenes 4a–4f were characterized by multinuclear 1H and 13C{1H} NMR, EA, DSC, TGA, UV–Vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy. TGA and DSC studies of germafluorenes 4a–4f showed high thermal stability. The molecular structures of four of the germafluorenes, 4c–4f were determined by X-ray crystallography.
NIR Fluorophores in Practical Analytical Chemistry

Fluorescence spectroscopy is a widely used spectroscopic tool in clinical and analytical chemistry applications. The near-infrared (NIR) region (650-1100 nm) of spectrum offers many advantages over the conventional UV-visible region, especially when background interference is a primary concern. We describe the development of practical applications using NIR fluorophores for immunodiagnostic assays. The procedure for covalent coupling of antibodies(Ab) to NIR fluorophores was systemically optimized in terms of pH, time, temperature and molar ratio. The optimum conditions for producing Ab with highest specific activity is described. We also describe the development of NIR fluorescence for detection of metal ions like aluminium and beryllium.
Sphenopalatine ganglion: Function and block

Preganglionic Parasympathetic originating in Superior Salvitatory Nucleus via Facial Nerve synapse at ganglion project.
Recent perspectives of cerebral palsy in children.

Abstract The movement and posture disorder of cerebral palsy (CP) is presumed to mainly be a consequence of the motor disorder, but accompanying disturbances with sensations and perception have also been suggested to influence motor function. The heterogeneous condition of CP is caused by an injury to the immature brain affecting movement and posture development. The attainment of standing and walking can be difficult and an assistive device to accomplish the tasks may be required for some children with CP. In this review, we enlightened the role of possible sensory and perceptual disturbances for standing difficulties in children with CP.
Influence of Cold Ischemia Time in Kidney Transplants From Small Pediatric Donors.

BACKGROUND Clinicians may be reluctant to transplant small pediatric kidneys that have prolonged cold ischemia time (CIT) for fear of an additional deleterious effect because pediatric grafts are thought to be more sensitive to ischemia. We aimed to assess the risks associated with transplantation of small pediatric kidneys with prolonged CIT. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study examining US registry data between 1998 and 2013 of adult first-time kidney-only recipients of small pediatric kidneys from donors weighing 10 to 20 kg, stratified by CIT levels of 0 to 18 (n = 1413), 19 to 30 (n = 1116), and longer than 30 (n = 338) hours. RESULTS All-cause graft survival by CIT groups at 1-year was 92%, 88%, and 89%, respectively. 1-year risk-adjusted graft survival hazard ratios were significantly higher with CIT of 19 to 30 hours (adjusted hazard ratios, 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.81) and somewhat higher with CIT greater than 30 hours (adjusted hazard ratios, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.82-1.88) relative to recipients with CIT 0 to 18 hours. There was little variation in the effect of CIT on graft survival when restricted to single kidney transplants only and no significant interaction of CIT category and single kidney transplantation (P = 0.93). CONCLUSIONS Although prolonged CIT is associated with lower early graft survival in small pediatric donor kidney transplants, absolute decreases in 1-year graft survival rates were 3% to 4%.
Parvovirus B19 integration into human CD36+ erythroid progenitor cells.

Abstract The pathogenic autonomous human parvovirus B19 (B19V) productively infects erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs). Functional similarities between B19V nonstructural protein (NS1), a DNA binding endonuclease, and the Rep proteins of Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) led us to hypothesize that NS1 may facilitate targeted nicking of the human genome and B19 vDNA integration. We adapted an integration capture sequencing protocol (IC-Seq) to screen B19V infected human CD36+ EPCs for viral integrants, and discovered 40,000 unique B19V integration events distributed throughout the human genome. Computational analysis of integration patterns revealed strong correlations with gene intronic regions, H3K9me3 sites, and the identification of 41 base pair consensus sequence with an octanucleotide core motif. The octanucleotide core has homology to a single region of B19V, adjacent to the P6 promoter TATA box. We present the first direct evidence that B19V infection of erythroid progenitor cells disrupts the human genome and facilitates viral DNA integration.
Politics with the People: Building a Directly Representative Democracy

Many citizens in the US and abroad fear that democratic institutions have become weak, and continue to weaken. Politics with the People develops the principles and practice of 'directly representative democracy' - a new way of connecting citizens and elected officials to improve representative government. Sitting members of Congress agreed to meet with groups of their constituents via online, deliberative town hall meetings to discuss some of the most important and controversial issues of the day. The results from these experiments reveal a model of how our democracy could work, where politicians consult with and inform citizens in substantive discussions, and where otherwise marginalized citizens participate and are empowered. Moving beyond our broken system of interest group politics and partisan bloodsport, directly representative reforms will help restore citizens' faith in the institutions of democratic self-government, precisely at a time when those institutions themselves feel dysfunctional and endangered.
Pollen mimicry during infection of blueberry flowers by conidia of Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi

Abstract Infection of blueberry flowers by Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi , which causes mummy berry disease, occurs via the gynoecium and involves conidial germination on the stigmatic surface followed by hyphal ingress into the stylar canal and subsequent colonization of the ovary. The extent to which these events mimic pollen–pistil interactions during pollination was investigated. Similar to blueberry pollen tubes, conidial germ tubes of M. vaccinii-corymbosi adhered selectively to imprints of stylar transmitting tract tissue on nitrocellulose membrane, with adhesion in both cases occurring at the tips of the tubes. By contrast, hyphae of the related Monilinia fructicola , which is nonpathogenic on blueberry and does not cause gynoecial infection, adhered indiscriminately to the entire membrane. Using monoclonal antibodies, the presence of epitopes of esterified and unesterified pectins and of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), which have been implicated in adhesion and pollen tube guidance in other plant species, was documented on blueberry pollen tubes in vitro. Epitopes of certain AGPs, but not of pectins, were also localized on conidia and hyphae of M. vaccinii-corymbosi . However, such epitopes were also detected on M. fructicola , suggesting that they are unlikely to be a discriminatory factor between fungi capable or not capable of gynoecial infection. Microscopic observation of inoculated pistils showed that similar to pollen tubes, hyphae of M. vaccinii-corymbosi tracked the lobes of the stylar lumen, grew directionally (i.e. with very limited branching) in close proximity to cells of the stylar adaxial epidermis and to one another, and were surrounded by extracellular matrix. By contrast, hyphae of M. fructicola , while being able to ingress into the style, branched profusely within the stylar canal, showing no directional growth or affinity to specific regions of the lumen. We propose these results as evidence of specialized opportunism by M. vaccinii-corymbosi , whereby fungal hyphae appear to mimic host pollen tubes and take advantage of an infrastructure intended to support host reproduction in order to facilitate infection of the ovary.
Studies on Denervation, Disuse and Motor Nerve Sprouting in Mammalian Muscle

ABSTRACT The results from denervation and axonal transport blockade experiments in the rat and hibernating ground squirrel are presented. The evidence strongly supports the conclusion that the normal membrane potential in muscle fibers is maintained primarily through the influence of neuromodulators and to a small extent by muscle activity. The data also show that muscle disuse and degeneration products at the nerve terminal cannot explain the early changes of the junctional membrane that occur during denervation. Finally, observations from experiments with muscle degeneration produced by bupivacaine and the induction of terminal sprouts by this agent are described.
Role of Online Social Networks in Job Search by Unemployed Individuals

The recent growth of online social networks has enabled job seekers to stay connected with all of their acquaintances. Thus the number of online connections – weak or strong – that an individual is able to manage has increased significantly. In this paper, we first examine if an individual’s online social network plays a role in driving her job search behavior. Secondly, we examine how the ties (weak and strong) and search intensity affect the job outcomes (job leads, interviews and offers) received from online social networks vs. those from other job search modes like career fairs & agencies, newspapers & magazines, internet, and close friends and family (offline). Using a survey data of 109 unemployed job seekers, we find that weak ties are especially helpful in generating job leads but it is the strong ties that play an important role in generating job interviews and job offers.
To the Nucleus with Proteomics

In this chapter we review proteomic studies performed on purified postsynaptic density (PSD) fractions and analyze what their results reveal about nuclear signaling. Overall, these studies show that PSDs are similar to the cytoplasmic protein complexes found at other intercellular junctions. We find that PSDs contain numerous calmodulin (CAM)-associated transcriptional coactivators, nucleocytoplasmic shuttling proteins that bind RNA and potential splicing factors. Moreover, in conjunction with bioinformatics, we identify novel nucleocytoplasmic shuttling proteins at synapses. These results strongly suggest that control of the spatial distribution of synapse-associated nuclear factors regulates nuclear function.
Artificial Intelligence and Policing: Hints in the Carpenter Decision

In the 2018 Carpenter case, Chief Justice Roberts focuses on the quality of the information sought by the police as a means of deciding the case in Carpenter’s favor. Less obviously, however, the majority opinion also stresses the nature of the policing involved in Carpenter’s case: new technologies that do not just enhance human abilities. The majority makes no explicit clams about this focus. But the Carpenter decision reveals the Supreme Court’s first set of views on how it might evaluate police use of artificial intelligence. That contention, and the questions it raises, form the subject of this essay.
Late sodium channel blockade improves angina and myocardial perfusion in patients with severe coronary microvascular dysfunction: Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation-Coronary Vascular Dysfunction ancillary study.

Abstract Background In a prior trial of late sodium channel inhibition (ranolazine) among symptomatic subjects without obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) and limited myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPRI), we observed no improvement in angina or MPRI, overall. Here we describe the clinical characteristics and myocardial perfusion responses of a pre-defined subgroup who had coronary flow reserve (CFR) assessed invasively. Methods Symptomatic patients without obstructive CAD and limited MPRI in a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial of ranolazine vs. placebo were subjects of this prespecified substudy. Because we had previously observed that adverse outcomes and beneficial treatment responses occurred in those with lower CFR, patients were subgrouped by CFR Results During qualifying coronary angiography, 81 patients (mean age 55 years, 98% women) had invasively determined CFR 2.69 ± 0.65 (mean ± SD; range 1.4–5.5); 43% (n = 35) had CFR Conclusions Symptomatic patients with CFR Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT01342029
UNIT 9.2 Immunofluorescence Microscopy

The visualization of fluorescently tagged molecules is a powerful strategy that can contribute to the understanding of the complex dynamics of the cell. A particularly robust and broadly applicable method is immunofluorescence microscopy, in which a specific fluorescently labeled antibody binds the molecule of interest and then the location of the antibody is determined by fluorescence microscopy. The effective application of this technique includes several considerations, including the nature of the antigen, specificity of the antibody, permeabilization and fixation of the specimen, and fluorescence imaging of the cell. Although each protocol will require fine-tuning depending on the cell type, the antibody, and the antigen, there are steps common to nearly all applications. This unit provides protocols for visualization of the cytoskeleton in two very different kinds of cells: flat, adherent fibroblasts and thick, free-swimming Tetrahymena cells. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: fluorescence; immunofluorescence; tubulin antibody; microtubules; cytoskeleton; Tetrahymena
2-year impact of an Older People Short Stay Unit team working across emergency areas in the over-75s.

It is recognised that the older person, once admitted to hospital, frequently has a longer length of stay (LOS) and occupies more bed days than other patients, so we focused on reducing the LOS for the over-75s. We set out to reduce LOS for over-75s using plan–do–study–act (PDSA) cycles that involved amalgamating the existing older persons’ assessment and liaison (OPAL) team with the acute therapy team with senior therapy presence in emergency areas, forming the Older People Short Stay Unit (OPSSU) team (November 2015); created an OPSSU with 13 beds (December 2015) expanding to 29 beds (October 2016), patient information leaflets emphasising the ethos of the importance of getting …
Molecular biology of cannabinoid receptors.

To date, two cannabinoid receptors have been isolated by molecular cloning. The CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors are members of the G protein-coupled receptor family. There is also evidence for additional cannabinoid receptor subtypes. The CB1 and CB2 receptors recognize endogenous and exogenous cannabinoid compounds, which fall into five structurally diverse classes. Mutagenesis and molecular modeling studies have identified several key amino acid residues involved in the selective recognition of these ligands. Numerous residues involved in receptor activation have been elucidated. Regions of the CB1 receptor mediating desensitization and internalization have also been discovered. The known genetic structures of the CB1 and CB2 receptors indicate polymorphisms and multiple exons that may be involved in tissue and species-specific regulation of these genes. The cannabinoid receptors are regulated during chronic agonist exposure, and gene expression is altered in disease states. There is a complex molecular architecture of the cannabinoid receptors that allows a single receptor to recognize multiple classes of compounds and produce an array of distinct downstream effects.
MEDICARE COVERAGE CHANGES: THE ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS AND INTERNET USE

An important challenge to the success of consumer choice within the Medicare program is older adults’ proclivity to assess their coverage on an annual basis and make changes when appropriate. Every year, relatively few beneficiaries alter their coverage (e.g., by switching Part D plans, switching between MA and traditional Medicare coverage) despite annual coverage changes and new market entrants. Little is known about the factors that encourage re-evaluation of Medicare coverage choices or the role of technology in facilitating changes. The latter knowledge gap is particularly relevant as the internet is an increasingly important delivery mechanism for Medicare information and consumer support tools. This study uses a nationally-representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries to describe Medicare coverage changes, the individual factors that predict such changes, and the relationship between Medicare-related internet use and plan switching. On average, 12% of Medicare beneficiaries made changes to their coverage in a given year, with 25% of beneficiaries making a change at any point during the study period. Between 2011 and 2015, the self-reported rate of using the internet to handle Medicare/insurance matters increased from 5% to 11%. In adjusted models that included individual-level fixed effects and other time-varying characteristics (e.g., health status, prescription drug needs), Medicare-related internet use was associated with a 65% increase in the probability of making a coverage change. Although using the internet to handle insurance matters remains relatively rare among older adults, it may an important mechanism for obtaining information that encourages plan changes, facilitating such switches, or both.
Promoting social conventions across polarized networks: an empirical study

We investigate via simulation the conditions under which a new social convention promoted by a persistent minority can spread in a network polarized into two communities. Our experiments show how the fractional size of the persistent minority and its network location affect the network's tipping point. Specifically, we discover that i) previously research on the size of the critical mass need for widespread adoption does not apply in the presence of polarized communities; ii) spread is more affected by the position of the persistent minority than its size; and iii) topological properties of the nodes in the persistent minority, such as leverage centrality and degree, are relevant for the diffusion of the new social convention.
Inzidenz: Projektive Geometrie

Die Projektive Geometrie ist die eigentliche Domane des Inzidenzbegriffes fur Geraden und Punkte; sie kennt keine weiteren Grundbegriffe. Die grundlegenden Ideen wurden vor 600 Jahren bei der Entdeckung der Zentralperspektive entwickelt. Die Kunstler leisteten Pionierarbeit fur die Mathematiker. Wie in einer perspektivischen Darstellung parallele Linien einen Schnittpunkt auf dem Horizont zu haben scheinen, so wird die Parallelitat als „Schneiden im Unendlichen“ interpretiert. Dazu muss die Geometrie durch „Punkte im Unendlichen“ erweitert werden. Diese ergeben sich ganz zwanglos durch Einbetten in die Lineare Algebra: Die erweiterte („Projektive“) Geometrie findet allerdings nicht mehr auf dem Vektorraum statt wie die Affine Geometrie, sondern auf der Menge seiner eindimensionalen Untervektorraume. Die strukturerhaltenden Transformationen („Kollineationen“) sind dann einfach die (semi-)linearen Isomorphismen des Vektorraums. Zum ersten Mal werden nun auch interessante geometrische Satze besprochen, die Satze von Desargues, Brianchon und Pascal. Wir werden Kegelschnitte und Quadriken kennenlernen und am Ende auch eine numerische Grose in der Projektiven Geometrie: das Doppelverhaltnis.
Cost-effectiveness of radical cystectomy versus trimodality therapy for muscle invasive bladder cancer.

575Background: Muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) comprises 25% of all bladder cancers at the time of diagnosis. Radical Cystectomy (RC) has traditionally been the gold standard curative treatme...
Spinal cord injury and diaphragm neuromotor control

Introduction: Neuromotor control of diaphragm muscle and the recovery of diaphragm activity following spinal cord injury have been narrowly focused on ventilation. By contrast, the understanding of neuromotor control for non-ventilatory expulsive/straining maneuvers (including coughing, defecation, and parturition) is relatively impoverished. This variety of behaviors are achieved via the recruitment of the diverse array of motor units that comprise the diaphragm muscle.Areas covered: The neuromotor control of ventilatory and non-ventilatory behaviors in health and in the context of spinal cord injury is explored. Particular attention is played to the neuroplasticity of phrenic motor neurons in various models of cervical spinal cord injury.Expert opinion: There is a remarkable paucity in our understanding of neuromotor control of maneuvers in spinal cord injury patients. Dysfunction of these expulsive/straining maneuvers reduces patient quality of life and contributes to severe morbidity and mortality. As spinal cord injury patient life expectancies continue to climb steadily, a nexus of spinal cord injury and age-associated comorbidities are likely to occur. While current research remains concerned only with the minutiae of ventilation, the major functional deficits of this clinical cohort will persist intractably. We posit some future research directions to avoid this scenario.
The role of roofing: Latin influence on the development of the perfects in Europe

Abstract This paper presents evidence in support of the claim that Latin played a significant role as a ‘roof language’ in the languages of western Europe. It focuses on the role that Latin played at three stages of the development of the perfects in western Europe: first, as a conduit of the ‘sacral stamp of Greek’ in bible translation and as influential in other ecclesiastical contexts; secondly, through the influence of scribal tradition and the establishment of the ‘Charlemagne Sprachbund’; and, finally, as a model for classicized syntactic style of the Late Middle and Early Modern period, as exemplified by the patterns of perfect use by the translators of Boethius, especially Chaucer and Elizabeth I. Several larger generalizations also emerge from this investigation: evidence is provided for the stratified nature of Latin syntactic influence across time and space, and the effect of this recurrent replication on the temporal-aspectual systems of the western European languages. Above all, this analysis underlines the essential role of calquing in superstrate-induced change, the structural patterns that are most frequently affected, and the social motivations that foster this type of innovation.
The Potential for Pollen Records to Detect Mountain Pine Beetle Disturbance in a Pine-Dominated Forest, Idaho, USA

Mountain pine beetle (MPB; Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) outbreaks are an important component in forest succession for Pinus (pine) forests in the western United States. The research presented here is the first attempt to use pollen data from lake sediment cores to identify MPB disturbance over the past 1600 years within a pine-dominated forest. With evidence of both current and presettlement MPB outbreaks in the surrounding forest, Fishstick Lake, a small subalpine lake in the Sawtooth Mountains of Idaho, is located in a Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine)–dominated forest. Previous work by Morris et al. (2010) and Morris and Brunelle (2012) used pollen data from lake sediment cores to identify Dendroctonus rufipennis (spruce beetle) outbreaks in a Picea engelmannii (Engelmann spruce) forest by identifying the tradeoff between host (P. engelmannii) and nonhost (Abies lasiocarpa [subalpine fir]) conifers following an outbreak. This research tested the hypothesis that pollen data can be used to identify disturbance events that affect Pinus within a Pinus-dominated forest. Because the abundance of non-pine taxa is low in pine-dominated systems, it was uncertain whether the response of non-pine, nonhost taxa would be detectable. This study used a normalized difference pollen index (NDPI) to test this hypothesis. The results indicate that proxy data (pollen) can be used to identify MPB disturbance in a pine-dominated forest.
Cushman and Kohut: Constructing Identities vs. Developing Selves in the Context of Modern American Life

In this paper I address Phillip Cushman’s critique of psychoanalytic psychotherapy as being both naive about how socio/political forces generate persons in America and complicit in reproducing the ...
Social factors that predict cognitive decline in older African American adults.

Objectives Projections from the United States Census Bureau suggest that the African American population may be the fastest growing race over the next 30 years and that they may be at the highest risk for developing dementia later in life. Various social factors have been shown to be associated with cognitive function and health outcomes. The present study aims to evaluate the relationship between social engagement and cognitive decline in a cohort of older African American adults. Methods We utilized multilevel modeling to examine the association between cognitive decline and social engagement in a sample of 617 older African American adults. Results Social activity was associated with global cognition, perceptual speed, perceptual orientation, and episodic memory over time. Loneliness was associated with better semantic memory performance over time. Perceived discrimination was associated with better semantic memory performance over time. Larger social network was associated with worse perceptual speed scores over time. Conclusions Although our findings on loneliness and perceived discrimination over time were inconsistent with prior research, our findings on social activity and social network size over time were consistent with past literature and are thought to be due to positive social interactions providing a catalyst for cognitively stimulating activities. These results suggest that interventions designed to preserve cognition in African American older adults should incorporate adequate social activity. Furthermore, to maximize effectiveness, interventions should not necessarily focus on just expanding one's social network.
An Algorithmic Solution for Storing Big Data on the DNA Sequence

The Storing Big Data on the DNA Sequence is an important aspect of Data Science Research, yet there is a need for entirely new, scalable approaches and methodologies for storing Big Data on the DNA Sequence. This can ultimately provide more insight into the structure and function of this complex storing. To explain more, we need to find a methodology to develop a solution to storing information on the DNA. Despite the expanding significance of investigating and extensively of storing Big Data on the DNA Sequence, the traditional way of storing on the DNA has difficulties scaling up and typically ends up these to stop researching in this area. We will use every single letter (ACGT) [5] of the DNA to storing one letter of the Big Data in the order. The contribution of "An Algorithmic Solution for Storing Big Data on the DNA Sequence" is to obtain a larger space for storage instead of the traditional means of storage. The traditional methods of storage work on a mechanical basis, which is expensive. If hard disk crashes, the computer will not work, you lose your work. Another disadvantage that the old technology that we use it to storage data is so slow. [1]. As well as the electronic storage (e.g. Solid-state drive) which has a short Lifespan, Storage (limited storage space) and so on. Oppositely, the limitations in the other approaches that there is no more explanation of how they store data in the DNA (no explain how information is stored in the DNA). [15].
Novel 3D-printed hollow microneedles facilitate safe, reliable, and informative sampling of perilymph from guinea pigs

Abstract Background Inner ear diagnostics is limited by the inability to atraumatically obtain samples of inner ear fluid. The round window membrane (RWM) is an attractive portal for accessing perilymph samples as it has been shown to heal within one week after the introduction of microperforations. A 1 µL volume of perilymph is adequate for proteome analysis, yet the total volume of perilymph within the scala tympani of the guinea pig is limited to less than 5 µL. This study investigates the safety and reliability of a novel hollow microneedle device to aspirate perilymph samples adequate for proteomic analysis. Methods The guinea pig RWM was accessed via a postauricular surgical approach. 3D-printed hollow microneedles with an outer diameter of 100 µm and an inner diameter of 35 µm were used to perforate the RWM and aspirate 1 µL of perilymph. Two perilymph samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics as part of a preliminary study. Hearing was assessed before and after aspiration using compound action potential (CAP) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE). RWMs were harvested 72 h after aspiration and evaluated for healing using confocal microscopy. Results There was no permanent damage to hearing at 72 h after perforation as assessed by CAP (n = 7) and DPOAE (n = 8), and all perforations healed completely within 72 h (n = 8). In the two samples of perilymph analyzed, 620 proteins were detected, including the inner ear protein cochlin, widely recognized as a perilymph marker. Conclusion Hollow microneedles can facilitate aspiration of perilymph across the RWM at a quality and volume adequate for proteomic analysis without causing permanent anatomic or physiologic dysfunction. Microneedles can mediate safe and effective intracochlear sampling and show great promise for inner ear diagnostics.