cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mesozoic ash-flow caldera fragments in southeastern Arizona and their relation to porphyry copper deposits

Jurassic and Upper Cretaceous volcanic and associated granitic rocks in southeast Arizona are remnants of large composite silicic volcanic fields, characterized by voluminous ash-flow tuffs and associated calderas. Presence of 10–15 large caldera fragments is inferred primarily from (1) ash-flow deposits more than 1 km thick, having features of intracaldera ponding; (2) “exotic-block” breccias within a tuff matrix, interpreted as caldera-collapse megabreccias; and (3) local granitic intrusions along arcuate structural boundaries of the thick volcanic sequences. Several porphyry copper deposits are associated with late granitic intrusions within the calderas or along their margins.
Open Peer Review by a Selected-Papers Network

A selected-papers (SP) network is a network in which researchers who read, write, and review articles subscribe to each other based on common interests. Instead of reviewing a manuscript in secret for the Editor of a journal, each reviewer simply publishes his review (typically of a paper he wishes to recommend) to his SP network subscribers. Once the SP network reviewers complete their review decisions, the authors can invite any journal editor they want to consider these reviews and initial audience size, and make a publication decision. Since all impact assessment, reviews, and revisions are complete, this decision process should be short. I show how the SP network can provide a new way of measuring impact, catalyze the emergence of new subfields, and accelerate discovery in existing fields, by providing each reader a fine-grained filter for high-impact. I present a three phase plan for building a basic SP network, and making it an effective peer review platform that can be used by journals, conferences, users of repositories such as arXiv, and users of search engines such as PubMed. I show how the SP network can greatly improve review and dissemination of research articles in areas that are not well-supported by existing journals. Finally, I illustrate how the SP network concept can work well with existing publication services such as journals, conferences, arXiv, PubMed, and online citation management sites.
Human parechovirus-3 encephalitis in two neonates: acute and follow-up magnetic resonance imaging and evaluation of central nervous system markers of inflammation.

BACKGROUND: Human parechovirus-3 has been known to cause neonatal sepsis and encephalitis for nearly a decade. However, information about magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid findings as well as outcomes has been limited. PATIENTS: Acute presentations and diagnostic testing of two neonates with Human parechovirus-3 encephalitis are described. Clinical and radiographic follow-up is provided. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of central nervous system neurochemistry with inflammatory markers such as neopterin, may be helpful for diagnosis in neonatal encephalitis. The pattern of white matter injury seen in these two patients should raise suspicion for Human parechovirus-3 infection. Testing for this virus should be more routinely considered in neonates presenting with encephalitis and normal cerebrospinal fluid results. The severity of radiographic abnormality may not correlate with long-term findings as the clinical and radiographic follow-up after a year is better than expected in the first patient.
Screening for risk: A revised salient factor score (SFS 81)

Since 1972, the United States Parole Commission has used an actuarial device as an aid in assessing parole prognosis in conjunction with explicit decision guildelines. This article describes the most recent revision of the actuarial device used by the commission. This device (SFS 81) is examined and compared with the device previously used (SFS 76) on five dimensions: validity, stability, reliability, simplicity, and ethical concerns.
The Status of the Fish Fauna of the Lake Mead National Recreational Area, Arizona-Nevada

Abstract The Colorado River flows for nearly 225 miles through the Lake Mead National Recreational Area, Arizona-Nevada. Its character has been controlled and changed as the result of construction of Hoover and Davis Dams. The composition of the fish fauna has changed, also. There are now known from the area 3 native and 11 exotic species. Six additional fishes native to the Colorado River Basin and two other alien forms may occur. Competition with the exotic species and changes in ecological conditions of the river have apparently brought about decline in the numbers of native fishes. This peculiar fauna, so poorly known at present, should be the object of more scientific investigation and survey before it becomes extinct or its composition is further altered. Introduced species have increased since the building of Hoover Dam. The largemouth black bass is the most important game species in Lake Mead and the rainbow trout is the leading sport fish in Lake Mohave. It is probably unnecessary to have a close...
A survey of hemolytic streptococci from patients with rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis, pharyngitis and the carrier state.

support the view that in the pathogenesis of acute rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis a preceding infection with beta hemolytic streptococci is necessary. However, only a very small percentage of hemolytic streptococcal infections are followed by these sequelae and the exact relationship is yet to be determined. Among the hypotheses of the pathogenesis of rheumatic fever is the one which would favor
Revisions in Repeat‐Sales Price Indexes: Here Today, Gone Tomorrow?

Price indexes based on the repeat-sales model are revised all the way to the beginning of the sample every time a new quarter of information becomes available. Revisions can adversely affect practitioners. In this paper we examine this revision process both theoretically and empirically. The theory behind the repeat-sales method says that revisions should lower the standard error of the estimated indexes; we prove that, in fact, the revised index is more efficient than the original one. This implies that large samples should make revisions trivial. However, our data, and the Freddie-Fannie data, suggest that revisions are large, insensitive to sample size and systematic; revisions are more likely to be downward than upward. In Los Angeles and Fairfax, revisions are usually downward and statistically significant. This bias in initial repeat-sales estimates is caused by sample selectivity; properties with only one or two years between sales do not appreciate at the same rate as other properties. We hypothesize that these “flips” are improved (possibly cosmetically) between sales. One implication of our analysis is that flips should be removed or downweighted before calculating repeat-sales indexes. The same model estimated without flips appears free of bias. We find small increases in efficiency from adding up to 4,300 observations to a base of 1,200.
Appraisal of adjuncts to prevent acute renal failure after surgery on the thoracic or thoracoabdominal aorta.

We evaluated 1525 consecutive patients who had undergone thoracic or thoracoabdominal aortic surgery to ascertain the factors associated with the development of acute renal failure. Complete data were available in 1233 patients who were treated recently, and these were analyzed. Acute renal failure, severe enough to require dialysis, developed in 5.5% of this group (68/1233): 2.3% and 7%, respectively, for descending (9/391) and thoracoabdominal repairs (59/842). Of interest, on multivariate analysis, both renal artery endarterectomy for occlusive disease (p = 0.0006) and chronic dissection (p = 0.03) were associated with significantly less acute renal failure. On multivariate analysis, the significant independent predictors (p < 0.05) of acute renal failure were preexistent renal dysfunction, evidence of diffuse atherosclerosis, the use of the pump bypass, and markers of hemodynamic instability. Contrary to earlier reports based on a smaller number of patients, we found that neither the use of pump bypass (7% acute renal failure), atriorenal bypass (8% acute renal failure), nor cold Ringer's lactate (3% acute renal failure) appeared to significantly avert the complication of acute renal failure. Indeed, pump bypass appeared to be deleterious (p = 0.0146) and perfusion with cold Ringer's lactate was not without risk. Furthermore, in a prospective evaluation of angiotensin converting enzyme blockers, we were unable to show that they afforded renal protection after transient renal ischemia. This study has clarified the clinical problems associated with acute renal failure and lays the foundation for future research. (J Vasc Surg 1989;10:230–9.)
Neurosurgeon transition to retirement: results of the 2007 Congress of Neurological Surgeons Consensus Conference.

OBJECTIVE Recent studies of age-related effects on cognition and performance have raised concerns about the appropriate timing and regulatory surveillance of retirement for surgeons. Little is known about the practice patterns and retirement plans of aging neurosurgeons. Analyses of informed opinions on possible regulatory options are also lacking. METHODS During a consensus development workshop conducted at the 2007 Annual Meeting of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons, participants collected data regarding neurosurgeons' retirement plans, reviewed expert background information, and assessed opinions. Participants submitted data and discussion points throughout the session using digital handheld devices. These data were then statistically analyzed, with particular attention to shifts in opinion and emergence of consensus after the presentation of expert material and discussion. RESULTS Neurosurgeons strongly oppose government regulation of retirement using uniform retirement age regulations. The most favored policy option, initially, particularly among older neurosurgeons, was status quo. After consensus development, the most favored policy option was local regulation by hospital privileging bodies. Neurosurgeon age, but not perceived ability to reach financial retirement goals, significantly influenced opinions. CONCLUSION Retirement age is an area of active government regulation in other professions. Neurosurgeons seem to favor a flexible system of regulation based on local and quality standards, rather than national age-based thresholds. The Congress of Neurological Surgeons Consensus Conference process offers a viable methodology for initiating discussion of important policy issues facing organized neurosurgery, engaging the informed input of practicing neurosurgeons, and formulating preliminary strategies for pursuit by stakeholder neurosurgical policy organizations.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase does not catalyze the formation of the ribo analogue.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAH 7-P) synthase catalyzes an aldol-type condensation between d-erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to form 3-deo...
Heterogeneity and skewness in analysis of variance.

Several power functions were computed to determine the influence of violations of assumptions on the analysis of variance. For each analysis two groups of 10 scores each were randomly selected from...
A Factorial Study of the Components of Music

(1955). A Factorial Study of the Components of Music. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 161-181.
Synthesis and characterization of liquid crystalline poly(p-vinylbenzyl ether)s

The synthesis and characterization of poly(p-vinylbenzyl ether)s containing 4-oxybiphenyl or 4-oxy-4′-methoxybiphenyl mesogens or a 4-oxy-4′-methoxybiphenyl mesogen which is connected to the benzyl ether group through one, two or three oligo(oxyethylene) units, are presented. The first two polymers exhibit a nematic mesophase while the last three a highly ordered smectic mesophase.
Presence of 'America' in Religious Circles of India

The paper shows how ‘America’ gradually became present in the Religious Circles of India after the arrival of Swami Vivekananda in America in 1893. Swami Vivekananda is the first individual who not only succeeded in introducing Hinduism, Vedanta in particular, to America and the West, but also in introducing what he considered to be the best aspects of American scientific and material culture to India. The bridge which Swami Vivekananda built and opened between America and India continues to be travelled by the saints, mystics, and religious leaders of India and the philanthropists, spiritual seekers and scholars of religion of America and the West even today. This modern re-synthesis of the material and the scientific with the Vedanta has been beneficial to both countries and cultures.
How have smoking risk factors changed with recent declines in California adolescent smoking

Aim To compare predictors of smoking initiation in two longitudinal studies in California conducted during periods when adolescent smoking prevalence was increasing (1993-96) and decreasing
Sorption of methylene chloride in polyethylene terephthalate

Sorption of methylene chloride in polyethylene terephthalate has been performed at three different temperatures: 21, 34, and 48°C. The solubility data are explained through dual sorption. The diffusivities are more difficult to explain since some anomalous effects were present.
Performance evaluation of mapper

Abstract We report on a two-year study funded by the Online Computer Library Center and the National Science Foundation to evaluate an experimental semi-automatic cataloging advisor — Mapper — designed to assist the intermittent user in the descriptive cataloging of certain US-produced, single-sheet maps. The study is concerned with questions relating to research design and performance evaluation aspects. The study has shown that library students who are map cataloging novices can achieve significantly better cataloging answers when assisted by the Mapper than those who were not assisted by the Mapper.
Implications of changing social policy for the medicalization of deviance

Since medicalization of deviance is ade facto rather than explicit social policy, it is affected by policy changes in the medical and criminal justice systems. I have pointed to some of the implications of changing social policy on medicalizing deviance. In summary, it appears likely that social policies such as decriminalization, decarceration, the production of more physicians and the enactment of national health insurance may encourage more medicalization. On the other hand, increased individual responsibility for health, the fiscal crisis in medical costs, and the punitive backlash may discourage medicalization and promote some demedicalization. What seems clear from this vantage point, however, is that medicalization of deviance, with few exceptions, remains a residual product of other social policies and its consequences are usually overlooked in policy deliberations. Since medicalization has important social consequences [32], it should be afforded consideration in policy discussions.
SoC level considerations of 3D technology architecture

This paper summarizes circuit and 3D device interactions on System-on-Chip (SoC) architectures. The electrostatics of 3D devices is shown to depend on fin structural parameters such as fin width, height and taper. The nature of the current flow in 3D devices, careful design of Source/Drain region volume, contact shape and proximity to channel are critical to achieve optimum device performance. Key device structural features, their impact on electrostatics and drive current along with critical pitches and their impact on SoC level metrics are discussed.
Transplantation in infants less than 1 year of age

Thirteen infants received their first renal transplant at the University of Minnesota from 1978 through 1985. Nine of the originally transplanted kidneys are still functioning and only two patients have died. These results are similar to those obtained in larger groups of children either less than 2 years of age or less than 5 years of age at the time of transplantation. Successfully transplanted infants experience accelerated growth and development, frequently reaching the normal range for their age. Since both chronic uremia and dialysis carry special risks in infancy, the option of earlier transplantation should be considered in any infant with end-stage renal failure.
Implosion Dynamics and Spectroscopy of Nested and Small Radius Single Cylindrical Arrays on the 1 MA Cobra Generator at Cornell

Summary form only given. Experiments with low-wire-number nested arrays from Al, stainless steel and brass wires have been performed on the 1 MA COBRA generator at Cornell University. Diagnostics included fast X-ray and EUV detectors, time-integrated X-ray pinhole cameras, a time-gated EUV/X-ray imaging pinhole camera, time-gated and time-integrated X-ray spectrometers, an optical streak camera and laser imaging. Nested arrays consisted of 16 wires with eight wires in outer (13 mm diam.) and inner (6 mm diam.) arrays. Uniform arrays used the same material, while combined arrays used different materials in inner and outer arrays. In addition, single uniform small diameter (6 mm) cylindrical arrays from the same materials and with the same number of wires were studied. The shapes of X-ray and EUV signals as well as the structures of X-ray and EUV pinhole images were analyzed as a function of the specific type of wire-array load. Time-gated pinhole cameras and a gated X-ray spectrometer were set up to record the beginning of the X-ray bursts. This allows the study of the beginning of the stagnation phase and a comparison to the time-gated spectra and images recorded after the main X-ray burst. Non-LTE kinetic modeling of K-shell (Al and Mg) and L-shell (Cu and Zn) of X-ray spectra provided the spatial (time integrated) and time-resolved (spatially integrated) plasma parameters. The importance of using time-gated spectroscopy for the study of nested wire arrays is discussed.
Individual Rights and State Autonomy

In recent years, commentators have paid a great deal of attention to the Supreme Court's role in protecting state autonomy from the actions of Congress. By contrast, they have shown substantially less concern with the threat to state autonomy posed by decisions of the Court in other contexts - most notably, in individual rights cases such as Lawrence v. Texas, where the Court displaces the decisions of state governments. Instead, commentators generally fall into one of two camps: those who argue that the Constitution is primarily concerned with the protection of individual rights, and those who contend that the Constitution is best understood as a repository for the basic tenets of democratic theory. This paper takes a different view, arguing that a concern for state autonomy should be a central feature in the development of the jurisprudence of individual rights. It will argue that at every stage of the drafting of the original Constitution and subsequent amendments, the drafters were strongly constrained by a deep respect for the autonomy of state governments and that similar concerns should lead the Court to take a more restrained posture in considering constitutional challenges to state governmental actions.
Complications of Gallstones: The Mirizzi Syndrome, Gallstone Ileus, Gallstone Pancreatitis, Complications of “Lost” Gallstones

Gallstones cause various problems besides simple biliary colic and choplecystitis. With chronicity of inflammation caused by gallstone obstruction of the cystic duct, the gallbladder may fuse to the extrahepatic biliary tree, causing Mirizzi syndrome, or fistulize into the intestinal tract, causing so-called gallstone ileus. Stones may pass out of the gallbladder and travel downstream through the common bile duct to obstruct the ampulla of Vater resulting in gallstone pancreatitis, or pass out of the gallbladder inadvertently during surgery, resulting in the syndromes associated with lost gallstones. This article examines these varied and complex complications, with recommendations for management based on the literature, the data, and perhaps some common sense.
Time series prediction with evolvable block-based neural networks

This paper presents a time series prediction technique using the block-based neural networks (BbNNs). Building a model dynamical system can be a general approach to the time series prediction problem. However, the functional form and the order of the dynamics of the process generating the time series data are usually unknown. BbNNs, an evolvable neural network model with simultaneous optimization of network structure and connection weights by use of evolutionary algorithms, provide a model-free estimation of underlying nonlinear dynamical systems. Empirical results with a benchmark Mackey-Glass time series show that the evolved BbNNs can predict the future behavior of a complex dynamical system with sufficient accuracy.
ENTRY INTO NEW MARKET SEGMENTS IN MATURE INDUSTRIES: ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS SEGMENTATION IN THE U.S. BREWING INDUSTRY

I evaluate two processes, niche formation and resource-partitioning, that could independently account for the entry of firms into new market segments in mature industries. The niche formation argument focuses on environmental changes that promote the entry of new firms whereas the research-partitioning argument is based on the internal differentiation of a mature industry into subgroups composed of specialist and generalists. In other words, the niche formation and resource-partitioning accounts emphasize forces that are exogenous and endogenous to the industry, respectively. I attempt to resolve this theoretical tension by modeling the effects of niche formation and resource-partitioning together on the founding of firms in the microbrewery and brewpub segments of the U.S. brewing industry. I find that niche formation provides a better explanation for both microbrewery and brewpub foundings. In addition, I find limited evidence that the process of resource-partitioning is being played out again within the microbrewery segment of the industry. Implications for the evolution of organizational heterogeneity within industries are discussed.© 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Strat. Mgmt. J., Vol. 19, 389‐404, 1998 Historical records of several organizational populations show that most organizations within them were founded in brief periods (Stinchombe, 1965; Aldrich, 1979: 177). Stinchcombe (1965: 154) notes that ‘an examination of the history of almost any type of organization shows that there are great spurts of foundation of organizations of the type, followed by relatively slower growth, perhaps to be followed by new spurts, generally of a fundamentally different kind of organization in the same field.’ Sociologists explain this punctuated pattern in foundings in terms of factors affecting the distribution of resources in the environment. These include the changing role of the state, the development of a market-oriented
Phenytoin in traumatic brain injury.

A 12 year old boy is admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit after a motor vehicle collision, where he sustained a severe closed head injury. He lost consciousness at the scene and was intubated in the emergency department for a Glasgow Coma Score of 8 and no gag reflex. The boy has no history of seizure activity in the past or at the scene. Your local “Traumatic Brain Injury Protocol” recommends that he receive phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis. You have recently cared for a child who nearly died from phenytoin hypersensitivity syndrome and would like to know if there is a good indication for the drug. In a child with a traumatic …
Physical Interaction between the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Exonuclease, UL12, and the DNA Double-Strand Break-Sensing MRN Complex

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) alkaline nuclease, encoded by the UL12 gene, plays an important role in HSV-1 replication, as a UL12 null mutant displays a severe growth defect. The HSV-1 alkaline exonuclease UL12 interacts with the viral single-stranded DNA binding protein ICP8 and promotes strand exchange in vitro in conjunction with ICP8. We proposed that UL12 and ICP8 form a two-subunit recombinase reminiscent of the phage lambda Red α/β recombination system and that the viral and cellular recombinases contribute to viral genome replication through a homologous recombination-dependent DNA replication mechanism. To test this hypothesis, we identified cellular interaction partners of UL12 by using coimmunoprecipitation. We report for the first time a specific interaction between UL12 and components of the cellular MRN complex, an important factor in the ATM-mediated homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway. This interaction is detected early during infection and does not require viral DNA or other viral or cellular proteins. The region of UL12 responsible for the interaction has been mapped to the first 125 residues, and coimmunoprecipitation can be abolished by deletion of residues 100 to 126. These observations support the hypothesis that cellular and viral recombination factors work together to promote efficient HSV-1 growth.
Stability of Canadian refinery response to petroleum product prices

The proportion of gasoline in a barrel of crude oil varies in response to changes in relative product prices. This response is found to be significant and stable using the Cooley—Prescott varying parameter technique on Canadian data for 1956–77. When the price of gasoline increases by 1% its share increases by 0.28%. Kerosene and gasoline are found to be substitutes in production while gasoline and residual fuel oil are found to be complements. The US has a different response function with heavier rather than lighter products as substitutes for gasoline in the production process. These variations are attributed to differences in energy product markets and government policies.
AH RECEPTOR SIGNALING PATHWAYS

The aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor has occupied the attention of toxicologists for over two decades. Interest arose from the early observation that this soluble protein played key roles in the adaptive metabolic response to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and in the toxic mechanism of halogenated dioxins and dibenzofurans. More recent investigations have provided a fairly clear picture of the primary adaptive signaling pathway, from agonist binding to the transcriptional activation of genes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics. Structure-activity studies have provided an understanding of the pharmacology of this receptor; recombinant DNA approaches have identified the enhancer sequences through which this factor regulates gene expression; and functional analysis of cloned cDNAs has allowed the characterization of the major signaling components in this pathway. Our objective is to review the Ah receptor's role in regulation of xenobiotic metabolism and use this model as a framework for understanding the less well-characterized mechanism of dioxin toxicity. In addition, it is hoped that this information can serve as a model for future efforts to understand an emerging superfamily of related signaling pathways that control biological responses to an array of environmental stimuli.
Efficient k-anonymization using clustering techniques

k-anonymization techniques have been the focus of intense research in the last few years. An important requirement for such techniques is to ensure anonymization of data while at the same time minimizing the information loss resulting from data modifications. In this paper we propose an approach that uses the idea of clustering to minimize information loss and thus ensure good data quality. The key observation here is that data records that are naturally similar to each other should be part of the same equivalence class. We thus formulate a specific clustering problem, referred to as k-member clustering problem. We prove that this problem is NP-hard and present a greedy heuristic, the complexity of which is in O(n2). As part of our approach we develop a suitable metric to estimate the information loss introduced by generalizations, which works for both numeric and categorical data.
Intraoperative Assessment of the Mitral Valve Following Reconstructive Procedures

Abstract A technique facilitating intraoperative assessment of the degree of mitral insufficiency during and after mitral reconstructive procedures has been developed. A multiholed left ventricular vent catheter is advanced across the aortic valve, thereby creating aortic insufficiency, filling the left ventricle with blood at aortic perfusion pressure, and approximating the leaflets of the mitral valve in the closed position. If present, mitral insufficiency can be estimated by the size of the regurgitant jet. In addition to assessing valve function following open mitral valvotomy, the method has also been helpful in managing leaks around the prosthetic valve, in assessing the closure of cleft mitral valve leaflets associated with ostium primum atrial septal defects, in confirming the completeness of closure, and in detecting obscure ventricular septal defects.
"Thanks, But No Thanks: Examining Entrepreneurial Optimism, Outside Help, and New Venture Performance"

Using a proprietary dataset of entrepreneurs receiving a government technology award, I explore the impact entrepreneurial optimism can have on the decision to accept external funding , to enter into joint ventures, and on firm performance. Although prior research suggests optimism about the success of a venture might motivate entrepreneurs to seek outside funding and to enter in to joint venture partnerships (with mixed results on performance), how high levels of optimism would instead motivate entrepreneurs to not receive such outside help is explored. Results suggest optimism has a non-linear relationship with accepting outside help, which leads founders to receive less external funding and instead choose to “go it alone.” Further, results show rewards for highly optimistic entrepreneurs, which is contrary to previous findings and has implications for researchers and practitioners alike.
Coccidioides posadasii produces melanin in vitro and during infection

Using techniques developed to study melanization in other fungi, we demonstrate that Coccidioides posadasii arthroconidia, spherules, and endospores produce melanin or melanin-like compounds in vitro and tissue forms synthesize pigment in vivo. Since melanin is an important virulence factor in other pathogenic fungi, it may affect the pathogenesis of coccidioidomycosis.
Introduction of new genetic material into human myeloid leukemic blast stem cells by retroviral infection.

An amphotropic retroviral vector containing the bacterial neomycin phosphotransferase gene (neo) was used to infect blast cells from patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia. The infected cells acquired a G418-resistant phenotype that was stable as measured in a clonogenic assay and in long-term suspension culture. Thus, gene transfer into stem cells was accomplished by this procedure. This approach for manipulating gene expression in blast stem cells provides a means to assess the roles of a variety of genes in self-renewal, differentiation, and leukemogenesis.
Effect of Metyrapone and DDD on Infectious Diseases

Abstract INTRODUCTION INCREASING degrees of social interaction in poultry increased their susceptibility to Newcastle disease virus, Marek’s disease virus, hemorrhagic enteritis virus and Mycoplasma gallisepticum while decreasing their susceptibility to Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus jecalis. Decreasing degrees of social interaction has the opposite effect (Gross and Colmano, 1969). Susceptibility to E. coli is correlated with fluorometrically measurable plasma corticosterone levels at the time of challenge (Gross and Colmano, 1967). The injection of corticosterone before E. coli challenge results in increased host resistance (Gross and Colmano, 1970). Within species, the blood plasma ratio of Cortisol:corticosterone is relatively constant, but there are large variations between species (Bush and Sandburg, 1953) with a low level of corticosterone in man and predominance of corticosterone in birds, rodents and reptiles (DeRoos, 1963). Cerebral cortex activity associated with social interaction acts through areas in the hyperstriatum which influence the hypothalmus to regulate a delicate balance…
Coherent IR bundles made using hollow glass waveguides

Low loss coherent bundles can be used in the area of broadband infrared and thermal imaging. We have been able to extend the present hollow glass waveguide (HGW) technology to very small bore sizes, from 250 down to 50 ?m. HGWs with bore sizes from 50 to 320 ?m have been used to make flexible bundles. These bundles are then coated with Ag/AgI thin films using liquid phase chemistry techniques. The optical properties of these bundles were studied by FTIR spectroscopy. These bundles have relatively low loss in the wavelength range of 8 to 12 ?m.
Seasonal changes of heart rate-temperature relationships in toads.

SummaryIntact hearts of adult male toads(Bufo fowleri), collected locally in May and June (“summer toads”); gave linear heart rate-temperature relationships in the range 14-35°C. Toads from the same collection, tested in December and January (“winter toads”), also gave linear heart rate-temperature relationships, but only between 14 and 23°C. At temperatures between 23 and 35°C the heart rates of the winter toads did not increase when their body temperatures were increased. Seasonal differences in heart rate-temperature relationships had been reported for excised frog hearts and shown to be linked to seasonal changes in thyroid and anterior pituitary activities. The similar seasonal differences in heart rate-temperature relationships shown here in intact toads may also reflect endocrine changes. This working hypothesis remains to be tested directly.
Two new species of Myxozoa, Myxobolus inaequus sp. n. and Henneguya theca sp. n. from the brain of a South American knife fish, Eigemannia virescens (V.)

Two new species of Myxozoa from the brain of the green knife fish Eigemannia virescens are described: Myxobolus inaequus sp. n. has an unusually large spore body and extremely unequal polar capsules, and Henneguya theca sp. n. has an attenuated spore encased in a sheath not previously described in other Myxozoa . Only spores of the two species were observed, and infections caused no obvious pathological changes in the brain.
The lift on a small sphere in wall-bounded linear shear flows

This paper presents a closed-form solution for the inertial lift force acting on a small rigid sphere that translates parallel to a flat wall in a linear shear flow. The results provide connections between results derived by other workers for various limiting cases. An analytical form for the lift force is derived in the limit of large separations. Some new results are presented for the disturbance flow created by a small rigid sphere translating through an unbounded linear shear flow.
Imaging of Osteoarthritis in Geriatric Patients

Imaging of osteoarthritis (OA) in the elderly is gaining importance because of the aging population. It requires knowledge about findings relevant for patient management and others which are abnormal findings, but part of normal aging without relevance for patient management due to lack of clinical symptoms. This review will provide information on what imaging techniques are best used for knee OA and how to systematically assess knee joint structures in order to cover the most common asymptomatic and symptomatic MR findings in OA. We will discuss which findings are typically found in older patients and which are likely to progress to severe pain and disability, finally leading to total joint replacement. The review may aid radiologists and referring clinicians to better understand the evolution of symptomatic OA and the current or future clinical significance of the most common symptomatic and asymptomatic findings.
Renal memory after potassium adaptation: role of Na+-K+-ATPase.

The present study was designed to explore the time course of the resolution of enhanced Na+-K+-ATPase activity in the cortical collecting tubule (CCT) and the parallel changes in renal K excretion that are characteristic of potassium adaptation. Potassium-adapted male Sprague-Dawley rats manifested an enhanced kaliuretic response to an acute intravenous load of KCl and a doubling of Na+-K+-ATPase activity in the CCT. Withdrawal of dietary K loading from these adapted rats was associated with a gradual resolution of these adaptive biochemical (t1/2 of Na+-K+-ATPase return to base line 48 h) and excretory changes. During this resolution phase, however, a temporal discrepancy was uncovered between the change in dietary K and the slower changes in enzyme activity and renal K excretion with a persistence of the enhanced kaliuresis leading to a negative K balance. We conclude that the slow inactivation, after withdrawal of K loading, of the increased membrane transport proteins of K adaptation, will manifest as...
Characterizing the DNA Binding Site Specificity of NF-κB with Protein-Binding Microarrays (PBMs)

NF-κB transcription factors control a wide array of important cellular and organismal processes in eukaryotes. All NF-κB transcription factors bind to DNA target sites as dimers. In vertebrates, there are five NF-κB subunits, p50, p52, RelA (p65), c-Rel, and RelB, that can form almost all combinations of homodimers and heterodimers, which recognize distinct, but overlapping, target sequences. In this chapter, we describe the use of protein-binding microarrays (PBMs), a high-throughput method to measure the binding of proteins to different DNA sequences. PBM datasets allow for sensitive comparisons of NF-κB dimer DNA-binding differences and can aid in the computational and experimental prediction of NF-κB target genes.
Teaching critical thinking skills in physiology.

This is a report of a workshop presented at Experimental Biology '99 on April 18, 1999, in Washington, DC.
Preparation and Use of Thermosensitive Polymers

Restoration of organ structure and function, utilizing tissue engineering technologies, often requires the use of a temporary porous scaffold. The function of the scaffold is to direct the growth of cells migrating from the surrounding tissue (tissue conduction), or of cells seeded within the porous structure of the scaffold. The scaffold must therefore provide a suitable substrate for cell attachment, differentiated function, and, in certain cases, cell proliferation (1-3). These critical requirements may be met by the choice of an appropriate material from which to construct the scaffold, although the suitability of the scaffold may also be affected by the processing technique. There are many biocompatible materials that could potentially be used to construct scaffolds, however, a biodegradable material is normally desirable, since the role of the scaffold is usually only a temporary one. Many natural and synthetic biodegradable polymers, such as collagen, poly(α-hydroxyesters), and poly(anhydrides), have been widely and successfully used as scaffolding materials because of their versatility and ease of processing. Many researchers have used poly(α-hydroxyesters) as starting materials from which to fabricate scaffolds, using a wide variety of processing techniques. These polymers have proven successful as temporary substrates for a number of cell types, allowing cell attachment, proliferation, and maintenance of differentiated function (10). Poly(α-hydroxyesters) such as the polyoxamers are a family of more than 30 different nontoxic, nonionic surface active agents. These compounds are made at elevated temperature and pressure by the sequential additi on of propylene oxide and then ethylene oxide to neutralize the salt that is generally retained in the final product.
Many-body theory of the electronic structures in ultrathin transition-metal films: bcc Co(001).

Presentation d'une solution exacte d'un modele de cristal a deux sites avec conditions aux limites periodiques, pour Co {111} bcc. Les effets de surface et le confinement du mouvement des particules dans une couche essentiellement bidimensionnelle possedent une influence importante sur les structures electroniques. Utilisation d'un spectre a un electron realiste de l'approximation de la densite locale et d'une interaction electron-electron intrasite. Discussion du champ cristallin et de la structure electronique a une particule dans le film de cobalt bcc. Calcul du spectre des energies a plusieurs corps, de l'aimantation de l'etat fondamental, de l'aimantation moyenne et de l'energie electronique totale en fonction de la temperature; calcul des spectres de photoemission et de photoemission inverse. Discussion des structures induites par les effets a plusieurs corps
Graphic encounters: Comics and the sponsorship of multimodal literacy, by Dale Jacobs

The history of the American comic book is deeply connected with its shifting status as an instrument of literacy. Whether condemned as an enemy of school-sanctioned learning, or surrogated as scaff...
Alcoholism and Clinical Psychiatry

The association between alcoholism and psychiatric disorders has been the subject of many studies, reviews, and myths. Alcohol has been implicated as the agent responsible for a variety of psychiatric disturbances, and psychiatric factors have frequently been described as underlying all cases of alcoholism.
Intraplant communication in maize contributes to defense against insects

The vasculature of plants act as a channel for transport of signal(s) that facilitate long-distance intraplant communication. In maize, Maize insect resistance1-Cysteine Protease (Mir1-CP), which has homology to papain-like proteases, provides defense to different feeding guilds of insect pests. Furthermore, accumulation of Mir1-CP in the vasculature suggests that Mir1-CP can potentially function as a phloem-mobile protein. In a recent study, we provided evidence that Mir1-CP can curtail the growth of phloem-sap sucking insect, corn leaf aphid (CLA; Rhopalosiphum maidis). Our current study further examined whether aboveground feeding by CLA can induce resistance to subsequent herbivory by belowground feeding western corn rootworm (WCR; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera). Aboveground feeding by CLA systemically induced the accumulation of Mir1-CP in the roots. Furthermore, foliage feeding by CLA provided enhanced resistance to subsequent herbivory by belowground feeding of WCR. Taken together, our previous findings and results presented here indicate that long-distance transport of Mir1-CP is critical for providing enhanced resistance to insect attack in maize.
Unitarity effect of the ψ'(3684) on the shape of the ψ ' ' (3772)

The detailed shape of the ${\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}$(3772) has been measured and analyzed at SPEAR by two separate groups. Both analyses find that an unphysically large range parameter is needed for the $P$ wave to fit the data. We use a two-resonance formalism to include the required unitarity effects of the ${\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$(3684) on the ${\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}$ shape. An excellent fit is obtained only if the ratio of couplings $\frac{({g}_{{\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ensuremath{'}}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}}{g}_{{\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ensuremath{'}}D\overline{D}})}{({g}_{{\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}}{g}_{{\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}D\overline{D}})}$ is negative. For this fit the range parameter can be very small. We determine $\frac{{g}_{{\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ensuremath{'}}D{D}^{2}}}{{g}_{{\ensuremath{\psi}}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}D{D}^{2}}}\ensuremath{\sim}0.8$.
Latent segmentation based count models: analysis of bicycle safety in Montreal and Toronto

The study contributes to literature on bicycle safety by building on the traditional count regression models to investigate factors affecting bicycle crashes at the Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) level. TAZ is a traffic related geographic entity which is most frequently used as spatial unit for macroscopic crash risk analysis. In conventional count models, the impact of exogenous factors is restricted to be the same across the entire region. However, it is possible that the influence of exogenous factors might vary across different TAZs. To accommodate for the potential variation in the impact of exogenous factors we formulate latent segmentation based count models. Specifically, we formulate and estimate latent segmentation based Poisson (LP) and latent segmentation based Negative Binomial (LNB) models to study bicycle crash counts. In our latent segmentation approach, we allow for more than two segments and also consider a large set of variables in segmentation and segment specific models. The formulated models are estimated using bicycle-motor vehicle crash data from the Island of Montreal and City of Toronto for the years 2006 through 2010. The TAZ level variables considered in our analysis include accessibility measures, exposure measures, sociodemographic characteristics, socioeconomic characteristics, road network characteristics and built environment. A policy analysis is also conducted to illustrate the applicability of the proposed model for planning purposes. This macro-level research would assist decision makers, transportation officials and community planners to make informed decisions to proactively improve bicycle safety – a prerequisite to promoting a culture of active transportation.
Oxidative Stress and Vascular Remodeling

It has become clear that vascular remodeling is an important pathophysiologic component in several cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis, restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and hypertension. Glagov (1) was one of the first to demonstrate that the atherosclerotic vessel attempted to “accommodate” increasing plaque burden by enlarging vessel diameter based on studies of patient necropsy samples. Recently, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) has shown that remodeling is frequent in both angiographically normal vessels and those with clear evidence of atherosclerosis (2). Of great interest, remodeling is dynamic as shown by the vessel response following PICA (3, 4), a process that appears to be highly variable among individuals. Following PTCA, restenosis (lumen diameter <50%) develops in 30–40% of patients. For many years restenosis was thought to be caused by luminal encroachment due to smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation. However, the IVUS studies of Leon and colleagues show that lumen narrowing is caused to a greater extent by changes in remodeling (~66%) than by changes in neointima mass (~34%)(3, 4). These changes may be characterized simplistically as whether the vessel “scars down” or “expands out”. Importantly, to date there is no correlation with the nature of the remodeling response and traditional cardiovascular risk factors except diabetes. The heterogeneous nature of remodeling in both atherosclerosis and post-PTCA situations suggests that multiple genetic, systemic, and vessel wall events determine the final outcome.
Speaking With Plants in Our Profession: An interview with Mountain Death Camas, Zigadenus elegans (Pursh)

Speaking With Plants in Our Profession: An interview with Mountain Death Camas, Zigadenus elegans (Pursh) DOI:10.2458/azu_rangelands_v31i1_srm