cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dermal Fat Grafting to Reconstruct the Parotidectomy Defect Normalizes Facial Attention.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Use validated eye-tracking technology to objectively measure 1) the attentional distraction of facial contour defects after superficial and total parotidectomy and 2) changes in attentional distraction with abdominal dermal fat graft reconstruction. METHODS Standardized frontal and oblique facial images of 16 patients who had undergone superficial or total parotidectomy with or without fat graft reconstruction; four normal controls were obtained. One hundred casual observers were recruited to view these images, and gaze data were collected using a Tobii Pro eye-tracking system. Gaze durations for predefined facial areas of interest were analyzed using mixed-effects linear regression to test study hypotheses. RESULTS For frontal images, total parotidectomy increased gaze to the operated parotid area compared to the contralateral nonoperated parotid area (92 milliseconds, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 48-138 milliseconds, P < .001). Fat grafting normalized the attentional distraction, with no difference in gaze time on the operated parotid region compared to normal control faces (P = .414). For oblique images, total parotidectomy increased gaze to the operated parotid area compared to the contralateral nonoperated parotid area (658 milliseconds, 95% CI: 463-854 milliseconds, P < .001). Fat grafting normalized this attentional distraction, with no difference in gaze time on the operated parotid region compared to normal control faces (P = .504). In both views, superficial parotidectomy demonstrated no significant attentional distractions, with or without fat grafting. CONCLUSIONS This eye-tracking study objectively demonstrates that total parotidectomy results in a facial contour deformity that is distracting to observers, whereas superficial parotidectomy does not. For total parotidectomy, this attentional distraction can be normalized with dermal fat graft reconstruction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3b Laryngoscope, 131:E124-E131, 2021.
2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin reduces retinal cholesterol in wild-type and Cyp27a1-/- Cyp46a1-/- mice with deficiency in the oxysterol production.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) is an FDA approved vehicle for drug delivery and an efficient cholesterol-lowering agent. HPCD was proposed to lower tissue cholesterol via multiple mechanisms including those mediated by oxysterols. CYP27A1 and CYP46A1 are the major oxysterol-producing enzymes in the retina that convert cholesterol to 27- and 24-hydroxycholesterol, respectively. We investigated whether HPCD treatments affected the retina of wild-type and Cyp27a1-/- Cyp46a1-/- mice that do not produce the major retinal oxysterols. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH HPCD administration was either by i.p., p.o. or s.c. Delivery to the retina was confirmed by angiography using the fluorescently labelled HPCD. Effects on the levels of retinal sterols, mRNA and proteins were evaluated by GC-MS, qRT-PCR and label-free approach, respectively. KEY RESULTS In both wild-type and Cyp27a1-/- Cyp46a1-/- mice, HPCD crossed the blood-retinal barrier when delivered i.p. and lowered the retinal cholesterol content when administered p.o. and s.c. In both genotypes, oral HPCD treatment affected the expression of cholesterol-related genes as well as the proteins involved in endocytosis, lysosomal function and lipid homeostasis. Mechanistically, liver X receptors and the altered expression of Lipe (hormone-sensitive lipase), Nceh1 (neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1) and NLTP (non-specific lipid-transfer protein) could mediate some of the HPCD effects. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS HPCD treatment altered retinal cholesterol homeostasis and is a potential therapeutic approach for the reduction of drusen and subretinal drusenoid deposits, cholesterol-rich lesions and hallmarks of age-related macular degeneration. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed issue on Oxysterols, Lifelong Health and Therapeutics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.16/issuetoc.
Cilium Axoneme Internalization and Degradation in Chytrid Fungi

Loss of the cilium is important for cell cycle progression and certain developmental transitions. Chytrid fungi are a group of basal fungi that have retained centrioles and cilia, and they can disassemble their cilia via axoneme internalization as part of the transition from free-swimming spores to sessile sporangia. While this type of cilium disassembly has been observed in many single-celled eukaryotes, it has not been well characterized because it is not observed in common model organisms. To better characterize cilium disassembly via axoneme internalization, we focused on chytrids Rhizoclosmatium globosum and Spizellomyces punctatus to represent two lineages of chytrids with different motility characteristics. Our results show that each chytrid species can reel in its axoneme into the cell body along its cortex on the order of minutes, while S. punctatus has additional faster ciliary compartment loss and lash-around mechanisms. S. punctatus retraction can also occur away from the cell cortex and is partially actin dependent. Post-internalization, the tubulin of the axoneme is degraded in both chytrids over the course of about 2 hr. Axoneme disassembly and axonemal tubulin degradation are both partially proteasome dependent. Overall, chytrid cilium disassembly is a fast process that separates axoneme internalization and degradation.
Mutual friction in superfluid 4He near the λ-line

We present experimental results for the thermal resistivity ρ of superfluid 4He along several isobars between saturated vapor pressure and the melting pressure. The measurements are for the temperature range 1−Tc(q)/Tλ<t<2×10−5 and the heat-flux range 3<q<70 μW/cm2. Here t≡1−T/Tλ, Tλ is the transition temperature in the limit of zero q, and Tc is the transition temperature at finite q. The data suggest that the resistivity has an incipient singularity at Tλ which can be described by the power law ρ=(t/t0)−(mν+α) where t0=(q/q0)x. However, the singularity is supplanted by the transition to a more highly dissipative phase at Tc(q)<Tλ. The results suggest a mild dependence of mν+α on the pressure P, but can be described quite well by mν+α=2.76, x=0.89, and q0=q0, 0−q0, 1P with q0, 0=401Wċcm−2 and q0, 1=−5.0Wċcm−2bars−1. The results imply that the Gorter–Mellink mutual friction exponent m has a value close to 3.46 and is distinctly larger than the classical value m=3.
Are you ready for your next product recall crisis? Lessons from operations and supply chain management

Abstract Most manufacturing companies face the possibility of a product recall crisis, if not within their own firms, then certainly somewhere within their supply chains. Recall crisis management typically finds a home within literature on crisis management, public relations, communications, marketing and brand management, and related fields. However, this research seldom addresses the operations support that must be mustered behind the scenes. The tumultuous material flows that can occur during a product recall imply a supply chain disruption. An effective response during the heat of a crisis therefore requires the foundation of a well-oiled supply chain. In this article I draw on learnings from the operations and supply chain management (OSCM) literature, integrate them with important precepts from the general crisis management and product recall literature, and identify managerial best practices that will help managers better prepare for product recall crises.
User experience of point-of-use water treatment for private wells in North Carolina: Implications for outreach and well stewardship.

Abstract Private well users are potentially exposed to a range of chemical contaminants through their drinking water. Point-of-use (POU) water treatment represents one potential solution to reduce harmful exposures through well water, but well users frequently do not adopt household treatment even if they learn their water is contaminated. This study elucidates the experiences, perceptions, and beliefs of 17 households on private wells in North Carolina that participated in a pilot-scale POU water treatment intervention to better understand the drivers and barriers of POU treatment adoption among well users. The intervention consisted of an under-sink activated carbon block POU filter designed to remove lead and two long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids. Filter effluents and influents were tested monthly for eight months. Questionnaires administered before and after the intervention showed a significant decrease in participants' perceived vulnerability to well water contamination, with 77% feeling vulnerable to poor well water quality before, compared to 23% after the filter was installed. However, the POU filters did not fully eliminate feelings of water insecurity (for example, concerns about exposure to contaminants when bathing remained). Lack of knowledge and skills associated with installing and maintaining POU treatment were important barriers to adoption for some well users. Perceptions of POU treatment were also significantly correlated with the intent to implement other well stewardship behaviors such as well water testing. The results highlight the need for strengthened outreach and support programs that provide technical assistance, education, and financial support for households relying on private wells.
Harm reduction for the treatment of patients with severe injection-related infections: description of the Jackson SIRI Team.

Hospitalizations for severe injection-related infections (SIRI), such as endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) are increasingly common. People who inject drugs (PW...
Confrontation of Lemaitre models and the cosmological constant with observations

The history of the cosmological constant and the Lemaitre models is reviewed briefly. Using recent cosmological observations, it is found that the cosmological constant if non-zero must be in absolute value less than 2 × 10−56 cm−2. The predictions of the Lemaitre models are compared with modern observations. It is shown that Lemaitre models without evolution fail to reproduce the observed radio source counts. The existence of quasars with large redshift (z > 2.5) is shown to be strong evidence against the Lemaitre models.
RESHEX: an interactive software package for the synthesis and analysis of resilient heat-exchanger networks—II: Discussion of area targeting and network synthesis algorithms

Abstract RESHEX is an interactive software package for synthesis and analysis of resilient heat-exchanger networks (HENs). The algorithms used in RESHEX for area targeting and for synthesis of the network structure are described.
Machine learning for analyzing human brain function

A major opportunity for knowledge discovery and data mining over the coming decade is to accelerate scientific discovery by providing new computer tools to analyze experimental data. Scientific fields from astronomy to cell biology to neuroscience now collect experimental data sets that are huge when compared to the data sets available just a decade ago. New data mining tools are needed to interpret these new data sets. This talk presents our own research in one such scientific subfield: studying the operation of the human brain using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). A typical fMRI experiment captures three-dimensional images of human brain activity, once per second, at a spatial resolution of a few millimeters, providing a 3D movie of brain activity. We present our recent research exploring the question of how best to analyze fMRI data to study human cognitive processes. We will first describe our recent successes training machine learning classifiers to distinguish cognitive subprocesses based on observed fMRI images. For example, we have been able to train classifiers to discriminate whether a person is reading words about tools, or words about buildings, based on their observed fMRI brain activation. We will then introduce an algorithm for learning a new class of probabilistic time series models called Hidden Process Models, and discuss their use for tracking multiple hidden cognitive processes from observed fMRI brain image data.
Macromolecular Composition of Spores from the Filamentous Cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica

Spores were isolated from the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica, and their deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, and protein compositions were determined.
Efficient relationship pattern mining using multi-relational iceberg-cubes

Multi-relational data mining (MRDM) is concerned with data that contains heterogeneous and semantically rich relationships among various entity types. In this paper, we introduce multi-relational iceberg-cubes (MRI-Cubes) as a scalable approach to efficiently compute data cubes (aggregations) over multiple database relations and, in particular, as mechanisms to compute frequent multi-relational patterns ("item sets"). We also present a summary of performance results of our algorithm.
Genomic Views of Genome Duplication

DNA replication is initiated at numerous origins of replication (oris) within the chromosomes. In a pair of ambitious studies, two groups have used different techniques to pinpoint the locations of all of the oris throughout the yeast genome at different times during S phase (Raghuraman et al., Wyrick et al.). Stillman, in his Perspective, compares and contrasts the different methods and their findings, and speculates on the value of combining these techniques to look at oris in the human genome.
Household Size, Home Health Care, and Medical Expenditures

We document a robust negative correlation in which residing in a larger family is associated with lower consumption of medical care ceteris paribus. For men, an additional household member is associated with between $659.69 and $1039.97 fewer expenditures on health care and, for women, the estimates range between $391.28 and $728.66. Using quantile regression, the magnitude of the coefficients on household size increases monotonically with the quantile of medical expenditure. If household size is a proxy for home health care then these results suggest that home health care substitutes for medical care obtained on the market and that the degree of substitution increases with one's consumption of medical care and by implication decreases with one's health status. Finally, we provide suggestive evidence that the relative generosity of coverage for home health care by MEDICARE vis-a-vis private insurance may induce a crowdout of family care-giving by home care obtained through professional agencies.
The poc locus is required for 1,2-propanediol-dependent transcription of the cobalamin biosynthetic (cob) and propanediol utilization (pdu) genes of Salmonella typhimurium.

Abstract In this communication we present evidence that indicates that 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PDL) is a positive effector of the transcription of the cobalamin (vitamin B12) biosynthetic (cob) operon and of the 1,2-PDL utilization (pdu) genes. The stimulatory effects of 1,2-PDL were demonstrated using Mu d-lac transcriptional fusions to cob and pdu. Significantly increased levels of transcription of the cob and pdu operon fusions were measured in cultures grown under both anoxic and highly aerated conditions when 1,2-PDL was present in the culture medium. We have isolated mutants that carry lesions that render both pdu and cob transcription unresponsive to 1,2-PDL. These mutations were mapped to the region between cob and pdu (41 min), and they define the poc locus PDL and cobalamin). The poc locus is required for the positive regulatory effects of 1,2-PDL to be exerted. Complementation of Poc function was achieved in trans by an F' plasmid carrying the poc+ locus, suggesting that at least one diffusible product regulates the expression of cob and pdu in S. typhimurium.
The rates of hydrolysis of thymidyl-3',5'-thymidine-H-phosphonate: the possible role of nucleic acids linked by diesters of phosphorous acid in the origins of life.

Thymidyl-3′,5′-thymidine H-phosphonate undergoes acid, base, and water-catalyzed hydrolysis. The products were 3′-thymidine H-phosphonate, 5′-thymidine H-phosphonate, and thymidine in a ratio of 1:1:2. The rate constants are 1.8 × 10-3 M-1 sec-1, 7.2 × 103 M-1 sec-1, and 1.5 × 10-6 sec-1 for acid, base and water catalysis, respectively. These values are comparable with previous reports for the rates of hydrolysis of simple dialkyl esters of phosphorous acids. The Arrhenius activation energy for the base-catalyzed reaction is 20 kcal/mol. and the enthalpy and entropy of activation are 19 kcal/mol and –14 eu., respectively. The Gibbs free energy of activation is 23 kcal/mol. The rate constants suggest that nucleic acids linked by diesters of phosphorous acid hydrolyze too rapidly in aqueous solution to have accumulated in useful amounts on the primitive Earth.
Multicultural Communication Training for Law Enforcement Officers: A Case Study:

This exploratory case study focused on multicultural communication training within the community policing context. Little research has addressed what constitutes effective content and delivery of multicultural training for law enforcement officers. Brislin and Yoshida's four-component multicultural plan was combined with limited law enforcement-related multicultural training literature to design a training program for a small city's police department. Two 4-hour training sessions were conducted by one of the investigators using a culture-general content approach and selected training methods to determine their usefulness for improving officers' multi-cultural competencies. The case included the training sessions together with pre-and posttraining activities over a period of approximately 3 months. Data were collected with selected test instruments and also from the field notes taken during the case activities. The results suggest that the culture-general model and interactive training methods and trainer ...
A systolic rank revealing QR algorithm

In many fields of signal and image processing control, and telecommunication there is much interest today in the numerical techniques offered by linear algebra. The singular value decomposition (SVD) is one of the techniques which have proven useful in many engineering applications, but unfortunately its computation is a costly procedure. The QR factorization (QRF) requires much less computational effort, but rank and null-space estimates are not necessarily reliable. This paper presents a version of rank revealing QR (RRQR) algorithm which is suited for implementation on a VLSI systolic array. The implementation of the RRQRF requires n(n+1)/2 processors and O(n) external buffers, for a problem of order n. The execution time for the algorithm is O(nr), where r is A's numerical rank. >
Reflections on a Research Career: Research as Detective Work:

The CEC Research Award recognizes researchers for the significant contributions they have made to special education. We believe that the members of this distinguished group have much to share with our readers. We have invited each of them to contribute an article, addressing their perspectives on special education research and practices. Naomi Zigmond was awarded the Research Award in 1997. This article by Naomi Zigmond presents her perspective of research as detective work, starting from the investigation of dyslexia, and progressing over time to such topics as the design of secondary education for students with learning disabilities, dropouts, classroom and instructional variables, and educating students with chronic medical problems in inclusive schools.
Adaptive learning vector quantizers for image compression

We investigate adaptive vector quantization for image compression based the idea of gold-washing. The technique is a mechanism for testing the usefulness of a code vector in a codebook. It thus provides a tool for developing new ways of creating code vectors dynamically based on the input data. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm to quantize an input for which a close enough code vector can not be found. It guarantees that the compressed result is within pre-set distortion. We also use a learning algorithm to produce new code vectors from useful existing ones.
The Trigger Supervisor: Managing Triggering Conditions in a High Energy Physics Experiment

We describe a trigger supervisor, implemented in VMEbus hardware, which enables the host computer to dynamically control and monitor the trigger configuration for acquiring data from multiple detector partitions in a complex experiment.
Low-Cost Alternative External Rotation Shoulder Brace and Review of Treatment in Acute Shoulder Dislocations

Traumatic dislocations of the shoulder commonly present to emergency departments (EDs). Immediate closed reduction of both anterior and posterior glenohumeral dislocations is recommended and is frequently performed in the ED. Recurrence of dislocation is common, as anteroinferior labral tears (Bankart lesions) are present in many anterior shoulder dislocations.14,15,18,23 Immobilization of the shoulder following closed reduction is therefore recommended; previous studies support the use of immobilization with the shoulder in a position of external rotation, for both anterior and posterior shoulder dislocations.7–11,19 In this study, we present a technique for assembling a low-cost external rotation shoulder brace using materials found in most hospitals: cotton roll, stockinette, and shoulder immobilizers. This brace is particularly suited for the uninsured patient, who lacks the financial resources to pay for a pre-fabricated brace out of pocket. We also performed a cost analysis for our low-cost external rotation shoulder brace, and a cost comparison with pre-fabricated brand name braces. At our institution, the total materials cost for our brace was $19.15. The cost of a pre-fabricated shoulder brace at our institution is $150 with markup, which is reimbursed on average at $50.40 according to our hospital billing data. The low-cost external rotation shoulder brace is therefore a more affordable option for the uninsured patient presenting with acute shoulder dislocation.
Time-resolved fluorescence of thioredoxin single-tryptophan mutants: modeling experimental results with minimum perturbation mapping

The time-resolved fluorescence decay of single tryptophan (Trp) proteins is typically described using either a distribution of lifetimes or a sum of two or more exponential terms. A possible interpretation for this fluorescence decay heterogeneity is the existence of different isomeric conformations of Trp about its (chi) +1) and (chi) +2) dihedral angles. Are multiple Trp conformations compatible with the remainder of the protein in its crystallographic configuration or do they require repacking of neighbor side chains? It is conceivable that isomers of the neighbor side chains interconvert slowly on the fluorescence timescale and contribute additional lifetime components to the fluorescence intensity. We have explored this possibility by performing minimum perturbation mapping simulations of Trp 28 and Trp 31 in thioredoxin (TRX) using CHARMm 22. Mappings of Trp 29 and Trp 31 give the TRX Trp residue energy landscape as a function of (chi) +1) and (chi) +2) dihedral angles. Time-resolved fluorescence intensity and anisotropy decay of mutant TRX (W28F and W31F) are measured and interpreted in light of the above simulations. Relevant observables, like order parameters and isomerization rates, can be derived from the minimum perturbation maps and compared with experiment.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Artificial Respiration in Birds by Unidirectional Air Flow

Abstract Depression of respiratory movements by anesthesia is a frequent cause of bird death during surgery; however, asphyxia so caused may often be prevented by artificial respiration. With birds the technique described herein is very simple, and involves none of the elaborate equipment required for artificial respiration in mammals. The avian lung parenchyma consists of a series of interconnecting tubules that lead untimately into air sacs. The normal flow of air in the lungs (regardless of controversial theories of air-flow mechanisms) is through these tubules, to and/or from at least some of the air sacs. If access to an air sac is established, a unidirectional air flow that maintains fully adequate respiratory exchange may be established in either direction. This technique has been used for several years in our laboratory (e.g., VanMatre, 1957; Lytle, 1958) for routine surgery, and also for class exercises in respiratory physiology. The post-thoracic air sac is…
Symbolic techniques for formally verifying industrial systems

Abstract The design of correct computer systems is extremely difficult. However, it is also a very important task. Such systems are frequently used in applications where failures can have catastrophic consequences, or cause significant financial losses. Simulation and testing are the most widely used verification techniques, but they can only show the presence of errors and cannot demonstrate correctness. Until lately formal methods were too expensive to be used in industrial problems, but recent research has made it possible to apply formal techniques to the verification of complex real-world systems. Symbolic model checking is an example of such a technique that has been successful in verifying large finite-state systems. It has also been extended to produce timing and performance information. These properties are extremely important in the design of high-performance systems and time-critical applications. A more detailed analysis of a model is possible using these extensions than by simply determining whether a property is satisfied or not. We present algorithms that determine the exact bounds on the delay between two specified events and the number of occurrences of another event in all such intervals. To demonstrate how our method works, we present two complex examples: the verification of the Futurebus+ cache coherence protocol and the timing analysis of the PCI local bus. These results show the usefulness of symbolic model checking in analyzing modern industrial designs.
GERT ON UNRESOLVABLE MORAL DEBATES

Bernard Gert argues that, while the moral system contains a procedure for resolving most moral disagreements, it does not allow for such resolution in all cases. For example, it does not allow for the resolution of disputes about whether animals and human fetuses should be included within the scope of those to whom the moral rules apply. I agree with Gert that not all moral debates can be resolved, but I believe that Gert does not use all the argumentative resources available to philosophers to resolve them. I argue that considerations outside the moral system proper can be used to provide argumentative support favoring some positions over their rivals in moral controversies that Gert regards as intractable. I illustrate this with reference to the abortion debate. I also argue that reaching such conclusions about the superiority of one position over rivals need not result in moral arrogance.
The acylphosphatase (Acyp) alleles associate with male hybrid sterility in Drosophila.

Abstract Hybrid defects are believed to result from genetic incompatibilities between genes that have evolved in separate parental lineages. These genetic dysfunctions on the hybrid genomic background, also known as Dobzhansky–Muller incompatibilities, can be an incipient signature of speciation, and as such — a subject of active research. Here we present evidence that Acyp locus (CG16870) that encodes acylphosphatase, a small enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of acylphosphates and participates in ion transport across biological membranes, is involved in genetic incompatibilities leading to male sterility in hybrids between Drosophila simulans and D. mauritiana. There is a strong association between Acyp alleles (genotype) and the sterility/fertility pattern (phenotype), as well as between the phenotype, the genotype and its transcriptional activity. Allele-specific expression in hybrids heterozygous for Acyp suggests a cis-type regulation of this gene, where an allele from one of the parental species (D. simulans) is consistently overexpressed.
Rotative quadrature phase-shift keying

A rotative quadrature phase-shift keying (RQPSK) modulation scheme is proposed. By rotating the QPSK signal constellation by pi/2, either clockwise or anticlockwise, during a symbol duration, the conventional QPSK scheme can be modified to transmit 3 bits per symbol to achieve both power and bandwidth efficiency.
Bulk defect generation during B-diffusion and oxidation of CZ wafers: Mechanism for degrading solar cell performance

We describe results of our experimental study to investigate the effect of B diffusion and drive-in/oxidation on minority carrier lifetime of the wafer. We have observed that B diffusion generates stacking faults that can be attributed to injection of Si interstitials into the wafer by formation of a boron rich layer at the wafer surface. These Si interstitials are also believed to enhance interactions between the native point defects and impurities (such as O, Fe) in the wafers during subsequent processing leading to the development of swirl patterns. Spatial variation of the lifetime degradation follows the point defect interactions and impurity segregation/precipitation. Lifetime can be partially recovered by Phosphorous (P) gettering. The overall effect on the cell performance due to Si interstitial generation, impurity/point defect interactions, and P-gettering is briefly discussed.
Valvuloplastía Aórtica con balón como puente para reemplazo valvular aórtico percutáneo o quirúrgico en el manejo de la estenosis aórtica severa

La cohorte quedo compuesta por 472 pa-cientes que fueron sometidos a 538 VAB. En el grupo I, VAB se uso como terapia unica, n=387(81.9%), y gru-po II, VAB como puente, n=85(18.1%, n=65 a RVAP, n=20 RVA quirurgico). VAB exitosa fue definida como una reduccion >40% en gradiente aortico medio y/o in-cremento en area valvular aortica >40%.
Characterization of the non-collagenous proteins in avian cortical and medullary bone

Northern blotting, RT-PCR, and Western blotting techniques were used to characterize the matrix constituents of avian cortical and medullary bone. Extracts of bone tissue were found to contain multiple isoforms of bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteopontin (OPN), osteonectin (ON), osteocalcin (OC), and dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1). Only single transcripts were observed with Northern blotting; therefore it was concluded that the isoforms were due to differences in post-translational modifications. Since medullary bone is rich in keratan sulfate (KS), RT-PCR was used to investigate the expression of known keratan sulfate-containing proteoglycans (KSPGs). Although this tissue was found to express lumican and osteoglycin/mimecan, there was little evidence to suggest that these proteoglycans were a major source of the keratan sulfate glycosaminoglycans. Treatment of medullary bone extracts with keratanase resulted in the appearance of a BSP immunoactive band of approximately 59 kDa. However, it was not possible to isolate and identify the intact keratan sulfate proteoglycan.
Women as Men and People: Effects of Gender-Marked Language

This study examined the implications of gender-marked language. It was hypothesized that man-suffix occupation titles (e.g., chairman) would lead perceivers to interpret a social target's personality as more masculine than no-suffix occupation titles (e.g., chair) and that person-suffix occupation titles (e.g., chairperson) would lead perceivers to interpret a social target's personality as less masculine than no-suffix occupation titles. Experiment 1 supported these predictions. Moreover, the effect was stronger for participants who reported more traditional gender role beliefs. Experiment 2 replicated this effect and showed that repeated exposure to occupation title suffixes (i.e., priming), coupled with the knowledge that the occupation title was chosen by the target (i.e., implicit personality effects), mediated the findings. In addition to explaining some of the cognitive underpinnings of sexist language, these results speak to conditions when priming will influence social perception.
Polynomial-time normalizers for permutation groups with restricted composition factors

For an integer constant d > 0, let Γd denote the class of finite groups all of whose nonabelian composition factors lie in Sd; in particular, Γd includes all solvable groups. Motivated by applications to graph-isomorphism testing, there has been extensive study of the complexity of computation for permutation groups in this class. In particular, set-stabilizers, group intersections, and centralizers have all been shown to be polynomial-time computable. The most notable gap in the theory has been the question of whether normalizers of subgroups can be found in polynomial time. We resolve this question in the affirmative. Among other new procedures, the algorithm requires instances of subspace-stabilizers for certain linear representations and therefore some polynomial-time computation in matrix groups.
Hormonal manipulation of endometrial maturation.

Three experimental protocols were devised to induce endometrial maturation in 12 women with ovarian failure. Each was planned to serve a dual purpose: to resolve a particular clinical situation related to synchronization between ovum donor and recipient and to answer a specific question about endometrial physiology. A fourth protocol of sequential estrace (2–6 mg/day) and progesterone (P4; 25–50 mg/day, im) simulating the 28-day natural cycle, served as a control protocol (18 cycles). A short follicular phase protocol consisted of only 6 days of estrogen (E) administration before addition of P4 (13 cycles). In the long follicular phase protocol (5 cycles), estrace was given for 3–5 weeks, and P4 administration was accordingly postponed. In 6 accelerated secretory transformation cycles, 150 mg/day P4 were administered, im, from day 15 onward. The adequacy of the induced endometrial cycles was evaluated by hormonal, morphological, and histochemical criteria relevant to endometrial normalcy and receptivity. ...
Wave Propagation Experiments On Ballistically Impacted Composite Laminates

The details of the time history of the elastic waves in ballistically im pacted composite laminates have been obtained by using surface and em bedded strain gages. Records show that a very low-amplitude in-plane tensile wave arrives first followed by a medium-amplitude flexural wave and then a high-amplitude flexural wave. Measured and calculated values of wave speeds agree well.
Activity increases quantal size at the frog neuromuscular junction.

Two h of nerve stimulation at 10 Hz or of elevated spontaneous release in hypertonic solution increased the size of miniature end-plate potentials (m.e.p.p.'s) and currents at the frog neuromuscular junction, probably by increasing the amount of acetylcholine in a quantum. Increases in quantal size may modulate synaptic transmission.
Protected natural peptides as intermediates for preparing semisynthetic peptides and protein analogs Selective acylation of ϵ-amino groups in cyanogen bromide peptides of cytochrome c using azidoformates

Abstract Treatment of CNBr peptides 66–80, 81–104 and 66–104 from cytochrome c with t-butyloxycarbonyl azide leads to selective acylation of the ϵ-amino groups of lysine residues and the phenolic hydroxyl groups of tyrosine residues with less than 25% acylation of the α-amino groups. Similar selectivity was obtained for reactions of benzyloxycarbonyl azide, p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl azide and p-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl azide with peptide 81–104. All of these protective groups can be removed under mild conditions, and thus, the partially protected natural peptides are desirable intermediates for the preparation of semisynthetic peptides. Model condensation reactions of Nα t-butyloxycarbonyl methionine N-hydroxysuccinimide ester with Z-protected peptide 81–104 produced a peptide corresponding to residues 80 to 104 of cytochrome c in 94% yield.
Ensemble dispatching on an IBM Blue Gene/L for a bioinformatics knowledge environment

This paper discusses our work providing support for processing a large number of short tasks within the context of our development of a collaborative bioinformatics knowledge environment for structural biologists, environmental microbiologists, and evolutionary biologists. We have designed and implemented a new ensemble-based task dispatching system that we have deployed on a Blue Gene/L system in conjunction with the Blue Gene's High Throughput Computing (HTC) capability. Unlike our prior general database-backed HTC task dispatching system, the ensemble-based task dispatching system is able to efficiently process and dispatch large numbers of very short tasks to over a thousand cores. We also investigate the scalability of the IBM Blue Gene/L at HTC in general, identifying and eliminating processor-reboot inefficincies for very short tasks for specific applications, making the Blue Gene/L a feasible processing system for this bioinformatics workload.
GAMMA GLOBULIN ISOLATED FROM RABBIT ANTISERUM FOR RAPID DETECTION OF MEAT ADULTERATION

SUMMARY –A simple, rapid method for the qualitative identification of animal proteins as to species was developed for fresh meat. Gamma globulin isolated from species-specific rabbit antiserum was mixed with a heated extract of skeletal muscle of beef, horse lamb and pork. The mixture was allowed to set for 30 min at room temperature and then centrifuged. The presence of a precipitin indicated a positive reaction. There were no cross reactions between meat samples from different species. This method requires a maximum time of only 1–2 hr, as compared with the 3 days required for double-gel diffusion. In addition, it is much more sensitive than gel diffusion.
Long-Range Correlations in the Speckle Patterns of Directed Waves

We develop a general method for calculating statistical properties of the speckle pattern of coherent waves propagating in disordered media. In some aspects this method is similar to the Boltzmann-Langevin approach for the calculation of classical fluctuations. We apply the method to the case where the incident wave experiences many small angle scattering events during propagation, but the total angle change remains small. In many aspects our results for this case are different from results previously known in the literature. The correlation function of the wave intensity at two points separated by a distance $r$, has a long-range character. It decays as a power of $r$ and changes sign. We also consider sensitivities of the speckles to changes of external parameters, such as the wave frequency and the incidence angle.
Magnetic determination of average catalyst temperatures in fluidized beds

In this paper a magnetic method to measure the time and spatial average temperature of supported nickel catalysts in fluidized beds is detailed. It is an extension of a magnetic method developed in this laboratory to study fixed beds. The RMS output voltage of an AC permeameter is used to follow changes in the magnetic moment, hence temperature, of the catalyst upon starting or stopping ethane hydrogenolysis. The theory of the thermometry in fluidized beds is detailed and the observed RMS output voltage vs. Time tracer for typical experiments are explained. Simulations indicate voltage vs. Time traces for typical experiments are explained. Simulations indicate that signals generated by the moving particles are largely averaged out, since the direction of the magnetic moment of each catalyst particle follows the applied fields and is independent of movement. Filtering in the frequency domain can be used to further reduce the effects of particle movement. Calibrations needed to convert AC permeameter output voltage changes to changes in sample temperature during experiments on two distinctly different fluidized beds are the sam as for the respective fixed beds. Depending somewhat on the sample moment, and average solid temperature can be determined with a repeatability of amore » few tenths of a degree.« less
O5-S2.05 Role of regional reference laboratories for sexually transmitted infections in improvement of second generation HIV surveillance experience from the Central America Region

Background WHO/UNAIDS recommends National HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infection STI) Control Programs to implement integrated HIV, STI and behavioural surveillance to assess the disease burden, and to monitor the temporal trends of HIV/STI prevalence and high-risk sexual behaviours. Despite this recommendation, there is limited STI prevalence data available in many resource poor countries owing to lack of STI laboratory capacity to detect multiple STIs. The CDC STD lab explored the feasibility of a decentralised laboratory strengthening approach by applying more advanced molecular STI diagnostic methods to support the second generation surveillance (SGS) activities in the Central American Region during 2007–2011. Methods CDC STD lab developed a real-time multiplex PCR (MPCR) to detect Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Mycoplasma genitalium . In collaboration with regional partners, CDC identified and transferred the diagnostic technology to a regional STI reference laboratory in 2008. The regional reference laboratory provides MPCR testing on specimens collected for surveillance purpose. This standardised SGS study design was implemented at regular intervals in multiple countries in the region to estimate the disease burden and to monitor temporal STI trends. Results During 2007–2010, four national integrated sexual behavioural and biomarker surveys were implemented using CDC9s affiliated regional STI reference center. The quality STI prevalence data was made available to the national HIV/STI programs in Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Colombia. Similar CDC supported surveillance studies are in-preparation in Guatemala, Belize, Panama, Honduras (second round) and the Dominican Republic. Conclusions Based on the experience from the Central American Region, it is feasible to implement integrated HIV, STI and behavioural surveillance surveys using robust molecular techniques in resource poor settings. In collaboration with regional partners, CDC9s approach to STI laboratory capacity strengthening through establishing a regional reference laboratory should be expanded to other regions.
Analysis of the myogenic lineage in chick embryos: IV. Effects of conditioned medium

Abstract Immunocytochemical analysis of small myogenic clones was used to compare the effects of fresh medium (FM) and conditioned medium (CM) on muscle differentiation. In order to compare the same population of cells, clones were initiated in FM and then switched to either new FM or to CM. Clones were fixed at 12-hour intervals up to 76 hours, then assayed for the presence of post-mitotic myoblasts by immunoperoxidase staining for muscle myosin heavy chain (MHC) or M-creatine kinase (MCK). In both media, myogenic cells occurred predominantly in homogeneous positive clones (all cells (MHC+/MCK+) which contained 2n cells. At 76 hours, the percentages of 1-, 2-, and 4-cell positive clones did not differ statistically in the two conditions; however, the percentages of 8- and 16-cell positive clones were significantly reduced in CM, and the percentages of small negative clones were concomitantly increased. We conclude from these data that CM affects myogenesis by slowing progression through a predetermined lineage rather than by changing the number of mitoses an individual cell will undergo before terminally differentiating. These results further support the idea that progress through the myogenic lineage is mediated by cell divisions.
Recessive (mediator-) revertants from c-H-ras oncogene-transformed NIH 3T3 cells: tumorigenicity in nude mice and transient anchorage and serum independence of the recovered tumor cells in culture.

We have reported earlier the isolation of two recessive, serum- and anchoragedependent revertants (R116 and R260) from a c-H-ras oncogene-transformed NIH 3T3 line. In both revertants, the oncogene was fully expressed and fusion of either revertant with (untransformed) NIH 3T3 cells, or of the two revertants with one another, resulted in transformed progeny. These, and other data, indicated that the transforming activity of the oncogene was impaired in the two revertants in consequence of defects in distinct genes needed to mediate this activity. We report here that neither revertant could be re-transformed by the K-ras or N-ras oncogene (though they could be re-transformed by several other oncogenes). The two revertants turned out to be tumorigenic in nude mice (though less so than the parental transformed cells). The tumor cells, as recovered, formed foci and had a transformed morphology and a greatly diminished serum and anchorage dependence. Growth of the cells in culture (for 20 passages) resulted in their regaining the characteristics (i.e., anchorage and serum dependence) of cultured R116 and R260 cells. Proliferation of the cells in nude mice was not accompanied by a change in the level of ras oncogene expression or in gene amplification, at least as manifested in the lack of appearance of double-minute chromosomes. The addition of the growth factors TGF alpha and beta to the medium of either revertant did not support anchorage-independent growth.
Uptake of serotonin and norepinephrine in hypothalamic and limbic brain regions during the estrous cycle and the effect of neurotoxin lesions on estrous cyclicity.

Abstract The temporal pattern of hypothalamic and limbic aminergic activity during the estrous cycle has been measured by changes in the serotonergic and noradrenergic neuronal uptake during the regular estrous cycle. Significant changes ( p = 0.006, 0.01) in the uptake of 3 H 5-HT and 3 H NE were recorded in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) at 1200 hours on proestrus. Significant changes ( p = 0.01, 0.018) in the uptake of 3 H 5-HT in the preoptic area (POA) were found at 1200 hours on both diestrus and proestrus while median eminence (ME) 5-HT showed a significant increase only during proestrus ( p = 0.001). In the amygdala (AMYG) 3 H 5-HT uptake was significantly different at 1200 hours on diestrus and proestrus while 3 H NE uptake was significant ( p = 0.001) at 1200 hours only during proestrus. The plasma proestrous luteinizing hormone surge occurred at 1700 hours. The serotonin neurotoxin, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, was stereotaxically injected through a 30 gauge needle in concentrations of 5–10μg/μl/minute for 1 minute in various nuclear regions. In the SCN 4 or 5 day estrous cyclicity was interrupted by diestrus for average periods of up to 15 days; in the POA for periods of 10 days; in the ME for periods of 13 days; and in the AMYG for periods of up to 6 days. Sham injections of 5% ascorbic acid had no effect on cyclicity and following these periods of acyclicity rats resumed normal cycles. These lesion effects and patterns of uptake suggest a common timing mechanism utilizing serotonergic raphe systems for neuroendocrine control. Lesions with 5,7-DHT in all four brain regions disrupt cyclicity, but the greatest delays occur in the SCN and ME regions which are particularly critical to intrinsic neuroendocrine rhythms. Patterns of increase in reuptake capacity in all 4 regions occur 3 hours prior to the critical period for the plasma LH surge and may be an important mechanism for many types of neuroendocrine events including ovulation.