cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Persistent fetal hemoglobin in maternal circulation complicating the diagnosis of fetomaternal hemorrhage.

Background Transplacental hemorrhage can be life threatening to a fetus and has important maternal treatment implications. In contrast, hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin is a condition that has little consequence. The Kleihauer-Betke test, which is routinely used to document transplacental hemorrhage, will be positive in either case. Cases We report two cases in which maternal persistence of fetal hemoglobin was unknown and led to the erroneous diagnosis of fetomaternal hemorrhage. These cases highlight both the limitations of the Kleihauer-Betke test and the role of flow cytometry in diagnosing fetomaternal hemorrhage. Conclusion The use of flow cytometry can clarify Kleihauer-Betke test results when there is known maternal persistence of fetal hemoglobin and can more precisely quantify a fetomaternal hemorrhage for accurate Rh immune globulin dosing.
A THREE GENERATION FAMILY WITH FEATURES OF LACRIMO-AURICULO-DENTO-DIGITAL SYNDROME (LADD) AND SEVERE CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE † 485

A THREE GENERATION FAMILY WITH FEATURES OF LACRIMO-AURICULO-DENTO-DIGITAL SYNDROME (LADD) AND SEVERE CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE † 485
Literature-related discovery: common factors for Parkinson's Disease and Crohn's Disease

Literature-related discovery (LRD) is the linking of two or more literature concepts that have heretofore not been linked (i.e., disjoint), in order to produce novel, interesting, and intelligible knowledge (i.e., potential discovery). The mainstream software for assisting LRD is Arrowsmith. It uses text-based linkage to connect two disjoint literatures, and it generates intermediate linking literatures by matching Title phrases from two disjoint literatures (literatures that do not share common records). Arrowsmith then prioritizes these linking phrases through a series of text-based filters. The present study examines citation-based linkage in addition to text-based linkage to link disjoint literatures through a process called bibliographic coupling. Two disjoint literatures were selected for the demonstration: Parkinson's Disease (PD) (neurodegeneration) and Crohn's Disease (CD) (autoimmune). Three cases were examined: (1) matching phrases in records with no shared references (text-based linkage only); (2) shared references in records with no matching phrases (citation-based linkage only); (3) matching phrases in records with shared references (text-based and citation-based linkages). In addition, the main themes in the body of shared references were examined through grouping techniques to identify the common themes between the two literatures. All the high-level concepts in the Case 1) records could be found in Case 3) records Some new concepts (at the sub-set level of the main themes) not found in the Case 3) records were identified in the Case 2) records. The synergy of matching phrases and shared references provides a strong prioritization to the selection of promising matching phrases as discovery mechanisms. There were three major themes that unified the PD and CD literatures: Genetics; Neuroimmunology; Cell Death. However, these themes are not completely independent. For example, there are genetic determinants of the inflammatory response. Naturally occurring genetic variants in important inflammatory mediators such as TNF-alpha appear to alter inflammatory responses in numerous experimental and a few clinical models of inflammation. Additionally, there is a strong link between neuroimmunology and cell death. In PD, for example, neuroinflammatory processes that are mediated by activated glial and peripheral immune cells might eventually lead to dopaminergic cell death and subsequent disease progression.
Medical manpower: a multivariate analysis of the distribution of physicians in urban United States.

This study is a multivariate analysis of physicians' distribution in urban United States which examines the relationship between community characteristics in 299 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas and 27 physicians-population ratios listed by type of medical practice and specialty. The community characteristics are: population size, population density, per capita buying power, per household buying power, the existence of a more populous metropolitan area within 75 miles, median years of education of the population, percentage of population aged 65 and over, percentage of population categorized as "white" and the number of non-Federal acute general hospital beds per 1,000 population. The physician-population ratios are categorized as physicans in "patient care," "private practice" (solo, partnership, group and other practice), and "hospital based practice," with a total of 21 specialties. Using Morgan and Sonquist's Automatic Interaction Dectector Program (AID), it was determined which community characteristics most improved the ability to predict the distribution of the different types and specialties of physicians analyzed.
Real exchange rate fluctuations, endogenous tradability and exchange rate regimes

Abstract The real exchange rate is driven by fluctuations of the relative price of traded goods and the relative price of nontraded to traded goods. This study explains the variance decomposition of the real exchange rate using a stochastic dynamic general equilibrium model of comparative advantage with money. Given interest rate shocks, exchange rate stability reduces the covariance between the two relative prices and raises the contribution of the relative price of nontraded to traded goods. Productivity shocks do not alter the covariance across exchange rate regimes and let the relative price of traded goods drive the real exchange rate.
Growth of calcium phosphate on surface-modified cotton

A study of the growth of amorphous calcium phosphate on surface-modified cotton fibres by a combination of scanning electron microscopy/electron diffraction X-ray analysis, micro-FTIR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is reported. Cotton fibres phosphorylated by the urea/phosphorous acid method and then soaked in saturated Ca(OH)2 for approximately one week were found to stimulate the growth of a calcium phosphate coating on their surfaces after soaking in 1.5×SBF for as little as 1 day. Ca(OH)2 soaking of the fibres is found to produce highly crystalline clusters lodged in the fibres which were confirmed by micro-FTIR to be calcium phosphite monohydrate (CaHPO3·H2O). In contrast, phosphorylated fibres not subjected to the Ca(OH)2 treatment did not exhibit calcium phosphate growth upon immersion in 1.5×SBF solution. Soaking of the Ca(OH)2-treated fibres with time in the 1.5×SBF solution produced progressively thicker layers of calcium phosphate on the fibres as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In general, calcium phosphate coatings formed over 1 1–5 day period soaking in 1.5×SBF solution appeared to consist of agglomerations of a large number of small spherical particles, while coatings formed after 17 days of soaking were distinctly chunky, thick and non-uniform in appearance. Micro-FTIR indicated that CaHPO3·H2O clusters were still present in cotton samples even after 4 days of soaking, while after 17 days, only the infrared spectrum typical of calcium phosphate was observed. EDX-measured Ca:P ratios of the coatings, although variable, suggested amorphous calcium phosphate. The mechanism of formation of the coating is believed to involve dissolution of the CaHPO3.H2O clusters upon introduction of the Ca(OH)2-treated phosphorylated cotton into the 1.5×SBF solution which elevates the Ca2+ ion concentration in the vicinity of the fibres so stimulating calcium phosphate formation. It is postulated that phosphite groups chemically bound to the cotton fibre surface or a calcium phosphite coating on the fibres act as nucleation sites for calcium phosphate growth in 1.5×SBF solution.
A comparative analysis of the effects of social skill training and teacher-directed contingencies on social behavior of preschool children with disabilities

This study investigated the effects of an analog social skill training program and a teacher-directed contingency strategy on promoting social responding among four preschool children with mild disabilities and their peers. The social skill training program consisted of five lessons targeting the skill areas: Initiating, responding, and maintaining social interactions. The teacher directed contingency consisted of prompting target children when they were not socially involved with peers, and providing verbal praise when they were socially involved with peers. Subjects were divided into two training pairs and received both interventions in a reversal design. Presentation order was counterbalanced across the two training pairs. Results indicated that the teacher directed contingency was more effective in promoting higher levels of social responding in a free-play setting. Results also suggest that social skill training may not always be a necessary prerequisite to promote increased social interactions among children who display low rates of social interaction with peers, but possess necessary skills.
Gender differences in age effect on brain atrophy measured by magnetic resonance imaging

A prospective sample of 69 healthy adults, age range 18-80 years, was studied with magnetic resonance imaging scans (T2 weighted, 5 mm thick) of the entire cranium. Volumes were obtained by a segmentation algorithm that uses proton density and T2 pixel values to correct field inhomogeneities ("shading"). Average (+/- SD) brain volume, excluding cerebellum, was 1090.91 ml (+/- 114.30; range, 822.19-1363.66), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume was 127.91 ml (+/- 57.62; range, 34.00-297.02). Brain volume was higher (by 5 ml) in the right hemisphere (P less than 0.0001). Men (n = 34) had 91 ml higher brain and 20 ml higher CSF volume than women (n = 35). Age was negatively correlated with brain volume [r(67) = -0.32, P less than 0.01] and positively correlated with CSF volume (r = 0.74, P less than 0.0001). The slope of the regression line with age for CSF was steeper for men than women (P = 0.03). This difference in slopes was significant for sulcal (P less than 0.0001), but not ventricular, CSF. The greatest amount of atrophy in elderly men was in the left hemisphere, whereas in women age effects were symmetric. The findings may point to neuroanatomic substrates of hemispheric specialization and gender differences in age-related changes in brain function. They suggest that women are less vulnerable to age-related changes in mental abilities, whereas men are particularly susceptible to aging effects on left hemispheric functions.
From charge-conjugation asymmetries to the trilinear gluon coupling

In quark-quark scattering where a hard gluon is radiated, a charge-conjugation asymmetry is examined and found to be large. The perturbative quantum-chromodynamic prediction for this asymmetry is compared with that for an Abelian theory and an appreciable difference is found. The specific role of the trilinear coupling is significant. A program is set forth for three-jet experiments in hadron-hadron collisions in which the non-Abelian issue can be studied.
Distribution of phenylalanine hydroxylase (EC 1.14.3.1) in liver and kidney of vertebrates

The range of phenylalanine hydroxylase activity was determined by measuring the conversion of radioactive phenylalanine to tyrosine in liver and kidney of various vertebrates. Rodents (rats, mouse, gerbil, hamster and guinea pig) were found to have the highest liver phenylalanine hydroxylase activity among all animals studied. They are also the only species that possessed a significant kidney phenylalanine hydroxylase activity which was about 25% of that found in the liver of the same animal. The synthetic dimethyl-tetrahydro-pteridine, used as a cofactor for the enzyme assay in most studies, catalyzed non-enzymatic hydroxylation of phenylalanine to tyrosine. Inclusion of boiled-blank and strict control of timing between incubation and product measurement were essential precautions to minimize erroneous results from substrate contamination and non-enzymatic hydroxylation.
Irreversible enzyme inhibitors LXXXVI. Hydrophobic bonding to dihydrofolic reductase VIII. Substituted-1-aryl-4, 6-diamino-1,2-dihydro-2, 2-dimethyl-s-triazines

A series of l-phenyl-4, 6-diamino-1,2-dihydro-2, 2-dimethyl-s-triazines (IV) bearing a phenylalkyl group on the m - or p -position of the 1-phenyl moiety was synthesized for enzymic evaluation with dihydrofolic reductase. The largest increment in binding was observed with a m -phenylbuty1 group (XIV) which gave a fortyfold increment in binding; activity was not increased by substitution of one or two chlorines on the terminal phenyl group. The most active compound (XIV) was complexed one-third as well as the potent aminopterin, that is, XIV had 95 per cent of the free energy of binding shown by aminopterin. The potential use of XIV and related compounds for treatment of tumors with an impaired active-transport system for folic acid and aminopterin is discussed.
The sequence and optical configuration of the amino acids in tentoxin

Abstract Tentoxin, a phytotoxic tetrapeptide, has been shown by sequencing and mass spectrometric techniques to have the structure cyclo [N-methyl-dehydrophenylalanyl-L-leucyl-glycyl-L-N-methylalanyl].
Neural network inspection of periodic structures from optical diffraction

An optical diffraction method is described for inspecting periodic structures such as combs or semiconductor leads. Coherent light passing between the prongs of the structure self interfere at the fractional Talbot plane to provide a simple method of inspection. Computer simulation and laboratory experiments show the viability of this approach. The theory assumes infinite structures. In practice, large and effect signals arise due to the finiteness of the periodic structure. A neural network is demonstrated that learns to distinguish and effect signals from prong damage signals. The variability of the measuring process in a production environment makes neural networks an appropriate approach for this task.
Maternal behavior of spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar—Kyoto normotensive rats: Effects of reciprocal cross-fostering of litters

Maternal behavior of spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar—Kyoto (WKY) normotensive dams rearing either their natural pups or pups of the opposite strain was assessed when pups were 4–6 days of age. Consistent with previous reports, SHR dams caring for their natural pups were observed nursing and licking their pups more often than WKY dams and were away from their pups less often. The behavior of dams rearing cross-fostered pups demonstrated that this strain difference in patterns of maternal behavior is dependant on pup type. Mothers of both strains shifted their behavior in the direction of the opposite strain's maternal behavior pattern when caring for cross-fostered pups. This shift was most pronounced in SHR dams caring for WKY pups. These data suggest that alterations in patterns of maternal behavior produced by cross-fostering may play an important role in cross-fostering effects on the physiological development of SHRs previously reported.
Erratum to: The Effects of Illegal Hunting and Habitat on Two Sympatric Endangered Primates

I recorded the following data for each hunter follow: 1) the species, age class (subadult or adult), and sex (male or female) of all captured individuals; 2) the trap size, type, and location of traps; 3) the number of snares checked, number of individuals captured (recoverable and unrecoverable), number of escaped individuals (evident from limbs left behind at the trap site, fur stuck in traps, and damage to traps); and 4) the intended destination of meat (consumption or sale and why), and expected and actual sale price. I also asked the focal hunter about the location and type of all known laly (each cleared area with several lemur traps is locally known as a laly) in the region and provided the focal hunter with a GPS to map laly locations. Int J Primatol (2015) 36:94 DOI 10.1007/s10764-015-9825-5
A void nucleation and growth based damage framework to model failure initiation ahead of a sharp notch in irradiated bcc materials

Abstract A continuum damage framework is developed and coupled with an existing crystal plasticity framework, to model failure initiation in irradiated bcc polycrystalline materials at intermediate temperatures. Constitutive equations for vacancy generation due to inelastic deformation, void nucleation due to vacancy condensation, and diffusion-assisted void growth are developed. The framework is used to simulate failure initiation at dislocation channel interfaces and grain boundaries ahead of a sharp notch. Evolution of the microstructure is considered in terms of the evolution of inelastic deformation, vacancy concentration, and void number density and radius. Evolution of the damage, i.e., volume fraction of the voids, is studied as a function of applied deformation. Effects of strain rate and temperature on failure initiation are also studied. The framework is used to compute the fracture toughness of irradiated specimens for various loading histories and notch geometries. Crack growth resistance of the irradiated specimens are computed and compared to that of virgin specimens. Results are compared to available experimental data.
A Hybrid Web Based Personal Health Record System Shielded with Comprehensive Security

We present the design and development of a hybrid, web-based scheme for creating, maintaining and sharing personal health records (PHRs) with embedded security. We adopt a hybrid approach to processing PHRs and present a prototype called Personal Health Manager (PHM) that is based on this hybrid model. PHRs in the PHM prototype are owned by patients but updated by medical professionals who have been granted access to the record by the owner. Our prototype design provides a framework to begin exploring the major security concerns such as confidentiality, integrity, availability, authentication, authorization and non-repudiation (as part of the X.800 security architecture) that arise with the adoption of an electronic method for maintaining and sharing highly sensitive healthcare information. We provide comparison of our work with existing PHR tools based on parameters that distinguish PHR models such as ownership of data and security considerations.
Thin-layer chromatography for the separation of nucleotides

Abstract A fast and simple thin-layer chromatographic method for separating nucleotides and inorganic phosphate for the subsequent quantitative determination of radioactivity is described. DEAE-cellulose is washed with acetic acid before spreading onto glass plates; formic acid is used as the solvent in a closed vessel.
Comparison of the 5-fluorouracil-warfarin and capecitabine-warfarin drug interactions

Study Objective. To compare the differences between the 5-fluorouracil-warfarin and capecitabine-warfarin drug interactions in patients receiving therapeutic dosesofwarfarin. Design. Retrospective medical record review. Setting. Large academic Veterans Affairs health care system. Patients. Twenty-four patients who received concomitant therapeutic doses of warfarin and at least one dose of a fluoropyrimidine—5-fluorouracil or capecitabine—between January 2004 and May 2008. Measurements and Main Results. The primary outcome was mean change in international normalized ratio (INR) from baseline to end of 90-day study period. Only patients who were taking warfarin before starting either fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy were included in the primary analysis. Of the 24 eligible patients, 15 (9 receiving 5-fluorouracil, 6 receiving capecitabine) were taking warfarin before receiving either fluoropyrimidine. No significant differences were noted in the average weekly warfarin dose or baseline INR between the 5-fluorouracil and capecitabine groups. The mean change in INR for patients taking warfarin before fluoropyrimidine use was 4.62 in the 5-fluorouracil group compared with 5.11 in the capecitabine group (p=0.87). The capecitabine group had a similar proportion of patients achieving an INR above 9 while taking warfarin compared with the 5-fluorouracil group (17% vs 22%). In those patients who required a warfarin dosage reduction, the dose was reduced by 38% and 41% in the 5-fluorouracil and capecitabine groups, respectively. No significant differences in bleeding events were reported within 90 days of concurrent use of either fluoropyrimidine with warfarin. Conclusion. Our study suggests that in patients receiving concomitant warfarin and a fluoropyrimidine, no significant differences in INR elevation or bleeding events were noted with 5-fluorouracil compared with capecitabine.
Soybean growth response to water supply and atmospheric carbon dioxide enrichment

Abstract Growth response of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Bragg'] grown in open top field chambers at five carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations ranging from 349 to 946 μLL‐1 and under two water regimes was examined. During reproductive growth, plants grown under CO2 enrichment exhibited increases in total leaf area and dry weight. Water stress inhibited growth at all CO2 levels, but the relative enhancement of growth due to CO2 enrichment under water‐stressed (WS) conditions was greater than under well‐watered (WW) conditions. Water‐stressed plants grown under 946 μLL‐1 CO2 were larger than WW plants grown under 349 μLL‐1 CO2. Reproductive yield increases were represented by increases in seed number rather than larger seeds. Although water stress reduced yield, the relative increase in seed number in response to elevated CO2 was greater for WS plants. Leaf tissue analysis suggested that a phosphorus deficiency may have restricted the seed dry weight response to elevated CO2. The mean relative growth rat...
Reconstruction of skull defects.

Cranial defects occur among all ages from a wide variety of causes. Trauma, infection, congenital malformations, pathology, and tumors and their surgical management can all lead to skull abnormalities and defects. Small defects that are covered in formidable soft tissue may not need repair. Other cranial defects can be immediately reconstructed when they are small or iatrogenically created for surgical access; most require secondary reconstruction.
The LIM Class Homeobox Gene lim5: Implied Role in CNS Patterning in Xenopus and Zebrafish

LIM homeobox genes are characterized by encoding proteins in which two cysteine-rich LIM domains are associated with a homeodomain. We report the isolation of a gene, named Xlim-5 in Xenopus and lim5 in the zebrafish, that is highly similar in sequence but quite distinct in expression pattern from the previously described Xlim-1/lim1 gene. In both species studied the lim5 gene is expressed in the entire ectoderm in the early gastrula embryo. The Xlim-5 gene is activated in a cell autonomous manner in ectodermal cells, and this activation is suppressed by the mesoderm inducer activin. During neurulation, expression of the lim5 gene in both the frog and fish embryo is rapidly restricted to an anterior region in the developing neural plate/keel. In the 2-day Xenopus and 24-hr zebrafish embryo, this region becomes more sharply defined, forming a strongly lim5-expressing domain in the diencephalon anterior to the midbrain-forebrain boundary. In addition, regions of less intense lim5 expression are seen in the zebrafish embryo in parts of the telencephalon, in the anterior diencephalon coincident with the postoptic commissure, and in restricted regions of the midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord. Expression in ventral forebrain is abolished from the 5-somite stage onward in cyclops mutant fish. These results imply a role for lim5 in the patterning of the nervous system, in particular in the early specification of the diencephalon.
Fracture mechanisms in CuO and CuPb alloys fatigued with a positive mean stress

Abstract In order to investigate the influence of second-phase particles on the mechanisms of deformation and fracture in cyclic creep, specific amounts of oxygen and lead were added to polycrystalline copper which was then cycled under pulsating tension conditions ( R = 0). The CuO alloy showed the same cyclic creep stress-strain curve as that for copper, but the numbers of cycles to failure were roughly an order of magnitude higher, a most surprising result. The Coffin-Manson plot exhibits two stages, one associated with cyclic creep fracture for short lives in which the slope of the plot is gentle and one associated with pure fatigue fracture for longer lives in which the slope of the plot is steeper. The transition between these two stages is marked by a critical strain rate in cyclic creep which is invariant with R value (i.e. mean stress). This critical rate is found to be the same for OFHC copper and CuO alloy, but the transition in CuO is shifted to higher applied strains and longer lives. This behavior is interpreted by a mechanism in which the oxide particles act to homogenize the strain and to increase the work-hardening capacity of the material. The behavior of the CuPb alloy is quite different. All specimens failed prematurely during the “build-up” cycles required to reach preselected stress values. Fracture occurred in an intergranular manner and the operating fracture mechanism was related to that which occurs in liquid metal embrittlement. Lead was considered to migrate along the grain boundary and therefore to weaken the interatomic bonding at the crack tip.
Top-down analysis of small plasma proteins using an LTQ-Orbitrap. Potential for mass spectrometry-based clinical assays for transthyretin and hemoglobin

Transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis and hemoglobinopathies are the archetypes of molecular diseases where point mutation characterization is diagnostically critical. We have developed a Top-down analytical platform for variant and/or modified protein sequencing and are examining the feasibility of using this platform for the analysis of hemoglobin/TTR patient samples and evaluating the potential clinical applications. The platform is based on a commercial high resolution hybrid orbitrap mass spectrometer (LTQ-Orbitrap(™)) with automated sample introduction; automated data analysis is performed by our own software algorithm (BUPID topdown).The analytical strategy consists of iterative data capture, first recording a mass profile of the protein(s). The presence of a variant is revealed by a mass shift consistent with the amino acid substitution. Nozzle-skimmer dissociation (NSD) of the protein(s) yields a wide variety of sequence-defining fragment ions. The fragment ion containing the amino acid substitution or modification can be identified by searching for a peak exhibiting the mass shift observed in the protein mass profile. This fragment ion can then be selected for MS/MS analysis in the ion trap to yield sequence information permitting the identification of the variant. Substantial sequence coverage has been obtained in this manner. This strategy allows for a stepwise MS/MS analysis of the protein structure. The sequence information obtained can be supplemented with whole protein NSD fragmentation and MS/MS analysis of specific protein charge states. The analyses of variant forms of TTR and hemoglobin are presented to illustrate the potential of the method.
Effects of a retroreflective screen on depth perception in a head-mounted projection display

The perceived depth accuracy is a fundamental performance metrics for an augmented reality display system. Many factors may affect the perceived depth of a head-mounted display (HMD), such as display resolution, interpupillary distance (IPD), conflicting depth cues, stereoacuity, and head tracking error. Besides these typical limiting factors to an HMD-type system, the perceived depth through a head-mounted projection display (HMPD) may be further affected by the usage of a retroreflective screen. In this paper, we will evaluate the perceived depth accuracy of an HMPD system using a perceptual depth matching method. The main factor to be investigated in our study is the position of a retroreflective screen relative to the projection image plane, with the projection image plane placed at different distances to the user. Overall, it is found that the ratio of the judged distance to real distance and the standard deviation of the judged distance increase linearly with the reference object distance. A transition effect from depth underestimation to overestimation has been observed at the reference object distance of around 1.4m. The position of a retroreflective screen only has a significant effect on the depth judgment error around this switching point. The paper also analyzes various effects brought by a retroreflective screen on the depth judgment. The depth cue and the image luminance reduction brought by a retroreflective screen could be the main factors that affect the depth judgment accuracy.
Anomalous Selectivities in Methyl Transfers to Water: An Explanation Using Free Energy Surfaces which Model the Effects of Non‐Equilibrium Solvation

Many experimental observations imply that transition states for methyl-transfers to water have little or no water—methyl covalent bonding and that the rate-determining process is predominantly or entirely a fluctuation in solvent structure. Currently accepted descriptions of methyl-transfer mechanisms cannot easily account for such a transition state structure or for the anomalous selectivities observed in these reactions. This paper derives a model free energy surface, which includes solvent polarization as one of the coordinates, and shows how that surface can account for the observed behavior of these methyl-transfers. The transition state on that surface has a structure in which the solvent polarization is not in equilibrium with the internal charge distribution.
Differentiation of lamina I spinomedullary and spinothalamic neurons in the cat.

We characterized spinomedullary neurons that project to the ventrolateral portion of the medulla that receives lamina I terminations in two sets of experiments in the cat. First, their distribution was examined using single unilateral iontophoretic injections of cholera toxin subunit B. The injection sites were characterized by microelectrode recordings from nociceptive- and thermoreceptive-specific units, indicative of lamina I input. The spinomedullary neurons were symmetrically distributed bilaterally, predominantly (63-69%) in lamina I but also in laminae V-VIII and the thoracic lateral horn (intermediolateral cell column). In horizontal sections, spinomedullary lamina I neurons included all three main morphological types described earlier. Second, spinomedullary and spinothalamic neurons were compared in retrograde double-labeling experiments. Different combinations of tracers were injected in the right thalamus and the left or right ventrolateral medulla (guided by recordings). The numbers of spinomedullary and spinothalamic neurons on the left side were comparable, and the segmental and laminar distributions were similar, except that a greater proportion of spinomedullary neurons originated from thoracic segments. However, the proportion of double-labeled neurons was consistently approximately 1%, indicating that spinomedullary and spinothalamic pathways arise from separate subpopulations. Spinomedullary neurons were more ventrally located within lamina I than spinothalamic neurons. A significantly greater proportion of spinomedullary neurons had fusiform somata (49% vs. 36%). These observations indicate that lamina I is the major source of spinal input to this portion of the ventrolateral medulla, that the projection includes several morphological types of inputs, and that this projection is distinct from the spinothalamic projection. These findings are consistent with the concept that lamina I projections constitute an ascending homeostatic afferent pathway relating the physiological condition of the body.
‘Lecturing’s Work’: A Collaborative Study with Harold Garfinkel

This article discusses some empirical materials from a collaborative study of “lecturing’s work” which the author conducted with Harold Garfinkel. The paper shows Garfinkel at work by presenting a history of the collaboration and discussing what we found. The article also considers some larger implications of our research for understanding how ethnomethodological studies can recover and discover the material regularities of everyday life as they are practiced in distinct settings. The paper reports on a program of ethnomethodological inquiry for discovering in situ what the produced orderliness of any setting’s endogenous tasks, competent courses of action and organizational objects could possibly be. The promise is that just what is identifying of social order, action and meaning is to be found massively, as the routine grounds of everyday activities, and in every case, as something worldly and embodied.
Myopia Affects Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Measurements as Determined by Optical Coherence Tomography

PurposeTo determine whether increasing myopia is associated with thinner peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) when measured by Stratus optical coherence tomography (OCT).DesignObservational cross-sectional study.MethodsNormal subjects with myopia underwent refractometry, axial length measu
Ion pairs or neutral molecule adducts? Cooperativity in hydrogen bonding

We performed theoretical studies on the systems NH3·HF·mH2O, NH3·HCl·mH2O, with m = 0, 1, 2, and 6. The molecules with m = 0 form hydrogen-bonded adducts with little tendency to form an ion-pair structure. The molecule NH3·HCl·H2O cannot be characterized as either a hydrogen-bond adduct or an ion-pair structure as it has a flat potential energy surface for motion of the hydrogen atom N · · · H · · · Cl. The molecule NH3·HCl·2H2O clearly behaves as an ion-pair NH4Cl·2H2O. There are sixteen arrangements of the cubic array NH3·HCl·6H2O and all sixteen exhibit the ion-pair NH4Cl·6H2O. The molecule NH3·HF·H2O does not form the ion-pair NH4F·H2O, nor does a second added water molecule facilitate ionization. However, of the sixteen arrangements of NH3·HF·6H2O, twelve are categorized as greater than 80% ion-pair character NH4F·6H2O, two are about 60% ion pair, and two are about 30% ion pair. We also have completed similar studies on the dimers and tetramers (NH3·HF)n and (NH3·HCl)n, where n = 2 or 4. Dimers (NH3·HCl)2 and tetramers (NH3·HCl)4 form ions (NH4Cl)2 and (NH4Cl)4, as do tetramers of (NH3·HF)4, which are therefore actually (NH4F)4. But the dimer (NH3·HF)2 remains as neutral molecule adduct. These results illustrate hydrogen-bond cooperativity in determining the outcome of a chemical reaction.
The effects of a long-acting progestin on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in women with normal menstrual cycles

This study was performed to determine how a long-acting, slow-release preparation of norethindrone (NET) affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis of normal ovulatory women. Ten women were studied during the luteal phase of their menstrual cycle, and again at six and twelve weeks following intramuscular administration of 100 mg NET microencapsulated in poly-D, L-lactide-co-glycolide. Serial LH samples, serum E, P, and NET were followed by a GnRH stimulation test. Compared to luteal phase values, six and twelve weeks of treatment with NET inhibited serum E2 and P while mean serum LH remained unchanged and mean serum FSH increased significantly (p < 0.05). LH pulse frequency after NET treatment was twice the rate (p < 0.01) as that of the luteal phase, whereas LH pulse amplitude was decreased sig-nificantly (p < 0.05). Finally, although there was no significant change in pituitary LH secretion in response to GnRH, NET treatment augmented FSH responsiveness to GnRH at the times studied. Preserved pituitary responsiveness to GnRH in NET-treated patients suggests that inhibited ovarian function results in an increase in GnRH pulse frequency but not GnRH pulse amplitude. Since the progestational milieu is maintained in these patients by NET treatment, the decrease in serum E2 may be responsible for the increase in GnRH pulse frequency. The presence of a critical level of E2 may be necessary for progestins to affect the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generator.
Techniques in percutaneous removal of renal calculi Mechanical extraction and electrohydraulic lithotripsy

Abstract The percutaneous removal of renal calculi has rapidly become established as an alternative to open renal surgery. The combination of mechanical extraction and power lithotripsy enables the uroradiologic team to successfully treat upward of 95 % of patients with symptomatic urolithiasis involving the upper urinary tract.
Severe airway obstruction from a bronchial cast after cardiac transplantation

Plastic bronchitis is a rare and difficult to treat disease process in patients with congenital heart disease. Cardiac transplantation has been used increasingly to reverse this process, especially in single ventricle physiology. This case report demonstrates a foreseeable complication after cardiac transplantation in such a patient.
Hepatic blood flow plays an important role in ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Severe ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is associated with poor hepatic microperfusion. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of hepatic artery flow (HAF) and portal vein flow (PVF) in IR injury. From January 2004 to June 2008, 566 patients underwent orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). The data were retrospectively reviewed via the transplant database. Patients with hepatic artery (HA) or portal vein (PV) thrombosis and retransplant patients were excluded. Intraoperative PVF and HAF values and graft weights were measured routinely, and the central venous pressure, mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, and cardiac index were recorded with hepatic blood flow measurements. Complete data were available for 312 primary OLT recipients (215 males and 97 females; mean age = 54 ± 10 years). The patients' follow-up ranged from 215 to 1746 days (705 ± 408 days). IR injury was defined by the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level on postoperative day (POD) 2, and the patients were divided into 3 groups: (1) mild IR injury [AST 1000 U/L; n = 67 (21%)]. The demographics and pre-OLT variables (the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score (MELD), platelet counts, PV thrombosis, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts, and shunts on computed tomography scans) were similar in all groups. The graft survival rate was 99% in group 1, 95.2% in group 2 (P = 0.02), and 92.3% in group 3 (P = 0.016). The patient survival rates were similar in the 3 groups. The cold ischemia time (CIT) was significantly higher in group 3 versus group 1 (P < 0.007). In the statistical analysis, low HAF, PVF, total liver blood flow (TLBF), and augmented HAF values were associated with a greater likelihood of elevated AST levels on POD 2. The strongest univariate predictors of AST were reduced augmented HAF (mL/minute/100 g) values (P < 0.001) and reduced TLBF (mL/minute/100 g) values (P < 0.001). In a covariate analysis with adjustments for CIT and donor variables, the blood flow parameters remained important predictors of graft function. In conclusion, this report demonstrates for the first time that reduced hepatic blood flow is a significant finding in patients with severe hepatic IR injury.
Confirmation bias and the sexual double standard

In contemporary Western societies it is widely believed that there is a sexual double standard such that men are rewarded for sexual activity, whereas women are derogated for sexual activity. This pervasive belief may result in a confirmation bias such that people tend to notice information that confirms the double standard and fail to notice information that refutes it. Two studies were conducted to test this hypothesis. In both studies, participants read vignettes about a target man or a woman that contained an equal number of positive and negative comments regarding the target's sexuality. Participants recalled more information consistent with the double standard than inconsistent with it.
An update on randomized controlled trials of evidence-based supported employment.

Background: The Individual Placement and Support (IPS) model of supported em - ployment for clients with severe mental illness has been described as a standardi - zation of evidence-based supported employment. Although several reviews on the literature on its effectiveness have been conducted, the completion of several new studies suggests an updated review is warranted. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search for randomized con - trolled trials of IPS, limiting our review to programs with high-fidelity IPS pro - grams, locating 11 studies. We examined the following competitive employment outcomes: employment rates, days to first job, annualized weeks worked, and job tenure in longest job held during the follow-up period. Findings: Across the 11 studies, the competitive employment rate was 61% for IPS compared to 23% for controls. About two-thirds of those who obtained competitive employment worked 20 hours or more per week. Among those who obtained a competitive job, IPS participants obtained their first job nearly 10 weeks earlier than did controls. Among IPS participants who obtained competitive work, dura - tion of employment after the start of the first job averaged 24.2 weeks per year, or 47% of the 52-week year. Conclusions: The current review is consistent with earlier reviews, although the evi - dence for high-fidelity IPS appears to be somewhat stronger here than in reviews evaluating studies with more heterogeneity in the supported employment models examined. The number, consistency, and effect sizes of studies of evidence-based supported employment establish it as one of the most robust interventions avail - able for persons with severe mental illness.
Renan versus Gobineau: Semitism and Antisemitism, Ancient Races and Modern Liberal Nations

Summary Despite his repudiation of antisemitism, Renan influenced the development of antisemitic ideologies in both France and Germany. His typology of ‘Semite’ and ‘Aryan’ was adopted especially in Germany and and combined with biological concepts of race to become the foundation of the concepts of ‘Semitism’ and ‘Antisemitism’. Renan, however, always insisted on a linguistic/cultural definition of race and regarded the biological conception, while it might have had some primitive reality, as outmoded and immoral in European civilization. After 1870 the growth of German racial antisemitism led Renan to elaborate repeatedly on race as a civilisational phenomenon that in modern Europe should have lost its biological origins. His argument that modern Jews were integral members of the French ‘nation’ and ‘civilization’ was profoundly influential on the emergence of the theory of the modern ‘nation’ as the liberal state. Gobineau's theory of race also lent itself to exploitation by racial antisemites, though ...
Dyadic support and quality-of-life after radical prostatectomy.

Background Treatment side effects after radical prostatectomy include urinary, sexual, and bowel dysfunction. These functional declines, coupled with the bother associated with these dysfunctions, lead to a complicated pattern of change in quality-of-life and decreased self-efficacy.
Distance dependence of through-bond electron transfer rates in electron-capture and electron-transfer dissociation

Abstract Ab initio electronic structure calculations on model cations containing a disulfide linkage and a protonated amine site are carried out to examine how the rate of electron transfer from a Rydberg orbital on the amine site to the S S σ* orbital depends upon the distance between these two orbitals. These simulations are relevant to both electron-capture and electron-transfer dissociation mass spectrometry where protonated peptide or protein samples are assumed to capture electrons in Rydberg orbitals of their protonated sites subsequent to which other bonds (especially S S and N Cα) are cleaved. By examining the dependence of three diabatic potential energy surfaces (one with an electron in the ground-state Rydberg orbital of the protonated amine, one with the electron in an excited Rydberg orbital on this same site, and the third with the electron attached to the S S σ* orbital) on the S S bond length, critical geometries are identified at which resonant through-bond electron transfer (from either of the Rydberg sites to the S S σ* orbital) can occur. Landau–Zener theory is used to estimate these electron transfer rates for three model compounds that differ in the distance between the protonated amine and S S bond sites. Once the electron reaches the S S σ* orbital, cleavage of the S S bond occurs, so it is important to characterize these electron transfer rates because they may be rate-limiting in at least some peptide or protein fragmentations. It is found that the Hamiltonian coupling matrix elements connecting each of the two Rydberg-attached states to the σ*-attached state decay exponentially with the distance between the Rydberg and σ* orbitals, so it is now possible to estimate the electron transfer rates for other similar systems.
Organic Materials for Nonlinear Optics

Numerous investigations into the nonlinear optical properties of certain organic and polymeric materials have shown that these materials possess the largest observed optical nonlinearities.[1] [2] [3] [4] For implementation of all-optical and electro-optical communications and data processing systems, materials possessing large optical nonlinearities are required. Applications employing guided wave structures require materials that also are suitable for waveguiding and integration.
DSIM: scaling time warp to 1,033 processors

This paper presents the design, implementation and performance of a time warp simulator, called DSIM, which targets clusters comprised of thousands of processors. DSIM employs a novel technique for GVT computation, called the time quantum GVT algorithm that requires no message acknowledgement, relies on constant-length messages and is efficient on clusters with large numbers of processors. Its implementation uses a technique called Local Fossil Collection to alleviate the overhead of memory reclamation and to support efficient event management. DSIM is also equipped with a simple programming interface to ease programming and debugging of simulations. Experimental results obtained on the PHOLD benchmark demonstrated that DSIM can process as many as 228 million events per second on 1033 processors.
Boundary Layer Convergence Induced by Strong Winds across a Midlatitude SST Front

AbstractRecent studies indicate that the influence of midlatitude SST fronts extends through the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) into the free atmosphere, with implications for climate variability. To better understand the mechanisms of this ocean-to-atmosphere influence, SST-induced MABL convergence is explored here with the Weather Research and Forecasting mesoscale model in an idealized, dry, two-dimensional configuration, for winds crossing from cold to warm SST and from warm to cold SST.For strong cross-front winds, O(10 m s−1), changes in the turbulent mixing and MABL depth across the SST front lead to MABL depth-integrated convergence in the cold-to-warm case and depth-integrated divergence in the warm-to-cold case. The turbulent stress divergence term changes over a shorter length scale than the pressure gradient and Coriolis terms, such that the MABL response directly above the SST front is governed by nonrotating, internal boundary layer–like physics, which are consistent with the verti...