cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Uveitis occurring after colectomy and ileal-rectal sleeve anastomosis for ulcerative colitis

Uveitis is an extraintestinal complication of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. In most cases, its course parallels that of the underlying bowel disease and improves with its therapy. Occasionally, the two processes are not synchronous. In either case, the uveitis has usually been considered to be dependent on the presence of the colon. This report describes a patient who developed uveitis shortly after colectomy and ileal-rectal sleeve anastomosis for ulcerative colitis, indicating that the continuing presence of the colonic mucosa is not necessary for development of the associated ocular inflammation.
A comparison of condylar control settings obtained from wax interocclusal records and simplified mandibular motion analyzers

S cmiadjustable articulators that possess preformed condylar controls based on averages from clinical data have recently become available. The controls are set by recording data from simplified mandibular motion analyzers that record immediate side-shift and protrusive condylar pathways. The purpose of this study was to compare articulator condylar control settings obtained from wax interocclusal records with two different simplified analyzers.
Reactions of iridium and platinum complexes with N-sulfinyl compounds

Abstract The reactions of substituted N-sulfinylanilines with the complexes {Pt[P(C 6 H 5 3 ] 2 O 2 } and {IrClCO[P(C 6 H 5 ) 3 ] 2 } have been reinvestigated. The former complex yields {Pt[P(C 6 H 5 ) 3 ] 2 SO 4 } as the only isolable product in reactions with N -sulfinylaniline. In contrast to a previous report, Vaska's complex has been found not to react with C 6 H 5 NSO under anhydrous conditions. {Pt[P(C 6 H 5 ) 3 ] 2 -(C 2 H 4 )} reacts with N -sulfinyl compounds to give complexes of formula {Pt[P(C 6 H 5 ) 3 ] 2 -(RNSO)} where R = C 6 H 5 , p -O 2 NC 6 H 4 , p -CH 3 C 6 H 4 , or p -CH 3 C 6 H 4 SO 2 . {Pt[P(C 6 H 5 ) 3 ] 3 } reacts with C 6 H 5 NSO to give the same product obtained from reaction with the ethylene complex. Vaska's complex and its bromo analog form 1:1 adducts with p -O 2 NC 6 H 4 NSO.
Study on Sleep Structure and Influencing Factors of Epilepsy Children with Sleep Disorder

Objective: This study was conducted to find out the sleep structure of children hospitalized with epilepsy, and to explore the influencing factors of epilepsy with sleep disorders, in order to provide a reference of interventions to reduce the incidence of sleep disorders in epileptic children, to promote physical and mental healthy development of epileptic children. Methods: 111 patients were diagnosed epilepsy with sleep disorders in Hunan children' s hospital from December 2006 to June 2010, as a case group; while select 89 epileptic children not accompanied sleep disorders as the control group at the same time. Results: Conclusion: Epilepsy children with sleep disorder have significant changes in sleep structure, the occurrence of sleep disorders affected by many factors. Health education of sleeping should be enhanced. Early monitoring and guidance of sleep can improve the quality of life of epileptic children.
The NGF complex from the African rat Mastomys natalensis.

The 7S NGF complex from the male mouse submaxillary gland consists of the α, γ and β subunits in the ratio α2γ2. The β (NGF) subunit contains all the known biolocial activity of 7S NGF. The α and γ subunits are both members of glandular kallikrein gene family, yet only γ subunit has protease activity. The γ subunit plays a role in the processing of preproNGF to its mature form, while the role of the α subunit is not yet understood. Despite the fact that 7S NGF has been extensively characterized, no other NGF complex has been characterized, nor have the α or γ subunits been observed in tissues which express NGF. We have therefore purified and characterized the NGF complex from the submaxillary glands of the ratMastomys natalensis in order to more fully understand the roles of the α and γ subunits. The NGF complex from M. natalensis contains subunits similar to those found in mouse 7S NGF. Although similar, there are significant differences between mouse and M. natalensis NGF complexes, especially in the degree of post-translational modification of the γ and NGF subunits, the expression of esterase activity and the ease with which the complexes dissociate. Evidence is presented that suggests that the NGF complex from M. natalensis may consist of subunits in the ratio α2γβ. The amino acid sequence of the M. natalensis NGF suggests some, but not all, ways in which these differences arise.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the cardiovascular system

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a completely noninvasive technique for the visualization of the cardiovascular system.1-3 It employs high-strength static magnetic fields, low-strength changing magnetic fields, and radiofrequency pulses to generate tomographic images of the body with high soft tissue contrast.*r5 Because of the abundance of hydrogen in biologic tissues and its efficiency (maximum number of nuclei per atomic number) for magnetic resonance, hydrogen (proton) resonance has been used for imaging. On the other hand, the nondestructive in vivo monitoring of metabolism by the magnetic resonance process requires the study of elements of biologic interest other than hydrogen. Because of the lesser abundance and lower efficiency of nonhydrogen species such as carbon 13 and phosphorus 31, imaging with these elements is much more difficult than hydrogen magnetic resonance imaging.6 The distribution of these elements in metabolically important compounds can be investigated by high resolution magnetic resonance spectroscopy rather than by imaging. Even at this early juncture in the development of MRI for biologic studies, it seems likely that both hydrogen imaging and in vivo spectroscopy of a variety of elements will have enormous importance for clinical diagnosis and scientific inquiry in the cardiovascular system. This report will review the early work on MRI of the cardiovascular system conducted over the past few years in our own and in several other MRI laboratories. Since MRI is such a new cardiovascular imaging modality, a brief review of closely relevant physical principles and instrumentation is warranted at the outset.
Lubricant Effects on Fatigue in a Stationary Concentrated Contact Under Vibratory Loading

Contact fatigue, brinnelling, and erosion are reported, for a stationary ball-on-flat contact, subjected to oscillatory normal load. Damage was least in the absence of lubricant, and greatest with a diester lubricant. Low-viscosity mineral oil was less severe in its effects than was a high-viscosity mineral oil. In those cases where damage was least, it could be attributed to a process of fatigue spalling. In those cases where it was severe, other processes such as fretting could be postulated, but fatigue still appeared to be the favored cause.
On issues of elastic–rigid coupling in finite element modeling of high-speed machines

Modeling high-speed, flexible mechanism systems through the finite element method has long been the subject of intensified research. It is recognized that the important characteristics encountered in analysis of high-speed machinery are so-called coupling effects between elastic and rigid-body motions. However, it remains to be seen whether widely published formulations based on the finite element technique have correctly accounted for the elastic-rigid coupling. The intent of this paper is to bring this crucial issue to the attention of research communities, with the appropriate formulation presented. This study shows that the past formulations have some extra and therefore non-existent coupling terms that in fact lead to cancellation in the net coupling effect, thus unknowingly and improperly losing the coupling effects originally expedted in finite element modeling of high-speed machines. The originality of this work lies in its demonstration of correctly accounting for the coupling effects in deriving the governing equations for high-speed, flexible mechanism systems.
The Structure and Evolution of LOCBURST: The BATSE Burst Location Algorithm

The gamma-ray bursts (GRB) location algorithm used to produce the BATSE GRB locations is described. The general flow of control of the current location algorithm is presented and the significant properties of the various physical inputs required are identified. The development of the burst location algorithm during the releases of the BATSE 1B, 2B, and 3B gamma-ray burst catalogs is presented so that the reasons for the differences in the positions and error estimates between the catalogs can be understood. In particular, differences between the 2B and 3B locations are discussed for events that have moved significantly and the reasons for the changes explained. The locations of bursts located independently by the interplanetary network are used to illustrate the effect on burst location accuracy of various components of the algorithm. IPN data as well as locations from other gamma-ray instruments are used to calculate estimates of the systematic errors on BATSE burst locations.
Control of BMP gene expression by long-range regulatory elements

Much evidence suggests that "developmental regulator" genes, like those encoding transcription factors and signaling molecules, are typically controlled by many modular, tissue-specific cis-regulatory elements that function during embryogenesis. These elements are often far from gene coding regions and promoters. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) drive many processes in development relating to organogenesis and differentiation. Four BMP family members, Bmp2, Bmp4, Bmp5, and Gdf6, are now known to be under the control of distant cis-regulatory elements. BMPs are thus firmly placed in the category of genes prone to this phenomenon. The analysis of distant BMP regulatory elements has provided insight into the many pleiotropic effects of BMP genes, and underscores the biological importance of non-coding genomic DNA elements.
Components of illness and type of medical practitioner: a comparative study.

Abstract The way people choose and use different forms of medical treatment in settings in which there exists competing systems of medicine has long attracted the interests of social scientists, physicians and social planners. Studies of this problem area have mainly been impressionistic, ethnographic and/or anecdotal. Lack of a common set of definitions and methods of procedure has hampered empirical study of factors prompting differential use of facilities. We first review this literature and then describe our attempt to systematically compare the way ethnic groups use physicians and lay curanderos in the Chiapas Highlands. A set of concepts and a method of procedure which proved effective is reviewed. A longitudinal design was employed and women of Ladino and Indian background periodically interviewed in depth regarding illnesses experienced during the preceding two weeks. In this report, we concentrate on the role of type of symptoms in the choice of medical practitioner.
The β function and equation of state of two flavor QCD

We obtain the pressure of two flavor QCD in a wide range of quark masses and temperatures from an integral over the average plaquette or 〈 ψ ¯ ψ 〉 . We measure the QCD β function, including the anomalous dimension of the quark mass, in new Monte Carlo simulations and from results in the literature. We use it to find the interaction measure, ɛ − 3p, yielding non-perturbative values for both the energy density ɛ and the pressure p.
A Newer New World

Last summer, I decided to finally travel to Australia, and my visit there was framed by encounters with sculptures at its beginning and end. On my first day in Sydney, I walked past the New South Wales State Library, and there stood a statue of Mathew Flinders, someone whose name wasn't familiar to me. The attached plaque commemorated his circumnavigation of Australia in 1801–1803 on a mapping expedition for the British Navy. I was to meet up with Flinders again when I began reading about the early history of Australian biology, because the botanist Robert Brown and the artist Ferdinand Bauer were members of the expedition (Hewson, 1999). Brown spent five years in Australia and then he returned to England, as did Bauer. The latter converted his sketches of plants and animals into finished watercolors, and Brown identified many new species in the material he had collected. Across the street from the state library is the Royal Botanic Garden Sydney, which was founded in 1816. That is early in the city's history, because the first settlement, a penal colony, wasn't established there until 1788. The founding of the garden reflects the efforts of Governor Lachlan Macquarie to change the character of the colony, moving away from its prison origins. According to Robert Hughes (1987), who wrote a detailed history of Australia's penal colonies, Britain was attempting to deal with its overcrowded prisons and social unrest by sending repeat offenders and political prisoners (mainly Irish dissidents) as far away as possible. These men and women were put to work developing the fledgling colony, including working for colonists who had the guts and entrepreneurial spirit to travel on the prison ships. After their terms were served, the former prisoners were free to fend for themselves in Australia or return to England, …
Personal-Accentuation and Contextual-Amplification Models of Pubertal Timing: Predicting Youth Depression

This research examined personal-accentuation and contextual-amplification models of pubertal timing, wherein personal and contextual risks magnify the effects of earlier pubertal maturation on youth depression. A sample of 167 youths (M age = 12.41 years, SD = 1.19) and their maternal caregivers completed semistructured interviews and questionnaires at two waves. Consistent with a personal-accentuation model, earlier pubertal maturation more strongly predicted subsequent depression in youths with prior depression, certain personality traits, and maladaptive stress responses than in youths without these personal risks. Several of these effects were specific to earlier-maturing girls. Consistent with a contextual-amplification model, earlier pubertal maturation more strongly predicted subsequent depression in youths exposed to recent maternal depression and family stress than in youths without these contextual risks. These findings identify key characteristics of youths and their family context that help to explain individual variation in depressive reactions to earlier pubertal maturation. More broadly, this research contributes to integrative models of depression that consider the interplay among personal vulnerability, contextual risk, and developmental transitions.
Somatostatin regulates intracellular signaling in human carotid endothelial cells.

Abstract Somatostatin (somatotropin release inhibitory factor; SRIF) is an endogenous peptide produced at sites of inflammation, making the SRIF a candidate in regulating vascular inflammation. We have used primary human coronary artery endothelial cells (hCAEC) as a model to study SRIF’s vascular actions. RT-PCR analysis of hCAEC total mRNA demonstrated the presence of the sst4 receptor subtype, providing a target for SRIF intracellular signaling. Western blotting with phospho-specific ERK1/2 antibodies showed that SRIF-14 acutely inhibited basal phosphorylation of the extracellular regulated kinases (ERK1/2) by 80%. In addition, SRIF-14 treated hCAEC cell lysates showed a 2.6-fold increase in phosphatase activity, which was inhibited by sodium vanadate. Furthermore, SRIF-14 appeared to be anti-inflammatory in hCAEC as IL-1β-induced adhesion molecule expression was reduced by 50%. Together, these results show that the coronary artery endothelium is a direct target of SRIF action.
Redefining the Longitude/Latitude Experience with a Scaffolded Geocache.

Latitude and longitude are foundational concepts for geography education, yet they are typically poorly understood by students and receive indifferent attention from instructors and publishers’ materials. Social studies teachers can take advantage of increasingly ubiquitous geolocating devices such as Global Positions Systems (GPS) to provide students with a hands-on experience of latitude and longitude to promote spatial thinking skills. We present one such approach, a simplified, scaffolded version of a geocache designed to fit within a single class period: working in pairs, students will use a GPS (or other geolocating device, such as a smartphone) to navigate among several targets set up by the teacher. Students’ conceptions and opportunities for extension and application are discussed.
Effects of precipitation on the eddy exchange in a wind-driven sea

Abstract Effects of precipitation on the temperature and salinity profiles in the top 2 or 3 m of the sea are calculated for four models of turbulent exchange: (1) constant eddy exchange with depth; (2) drift-current eddy exchange; (3) eddy exchange produced by shear in the orbital velocity under a surface wave; and (4) drift current and wave turbulence acting together. The surface temperature and salinity are only weakly affected, but the density gradient can become significantly stabler. The resulting influence on the eddy exchange is modeled with empirical formulas employing the Richardson number. Stability strongly damps drift-current eddy exchange but has much less effect on the wave-induced turbulence. The energy budget shows an increase in turbulent dissipation near the surface for weak stability when the surface stress in assumed to remain constant. Beyond a critical Richardson number of about 0.9 energy consumed by turbulent energy dissipation decreases. This occurs more due to a reduction in mechanical energy production than because of energy being used for the redistribution of mass.
The “Goldilocks model” of overtime in construction: not too much, not too little, but just right

Problem: Little research exists on the relationship between working overtime and possible adverse health and safety outcomes for construction workers. Method: Five focus-group discussions were conducted with construction workers from around the United States. From the analyzed transcripts, a model of overtime was developed. Results: The model includes three dominant themes: (1) work organization issues [(a) definitions of overtime, (b) scheduling, and (c) economic conditions], (2) why workers choose to work overtime [(a) management expectations, (b) career, and (c) money], and (3) the effects of working overtime [(a) health and safety, including sleep deprivation, injury, fatigue, and stress, and (b) productivity]. Discussion: Health and safety is only one of the adverse outcomes related to working too much overtime. A list of worker-inspired recommendations for addressing overtime issues is provided. Impact on the Industry: Both employers and workers need to better understand the potential adverse effects of working too much overtime.
New oral anticoagulants

The new oral anticoagulants may prove to be one of the most significant innovations in clinical practice in the past 60 years. Apixaban and rivaroxaban are specific inhibitors of Factor Xa while dabigatran inhibits Factor IIa. The predictable pharmacological profile of these new agents will allow physicians to use these drugs without the need for routine coagulation monitoring which is the mainstay of warfarin therapy. In addition, these new agents have not been shown to have any food interactions and limited drug–drug interactions due to their minimal metabolism through the CYP450 system. This unique pharmacokinetic profile may usher in for clinicians a new era of managing thromboembolic disorders. In this paper, the pharmacology of these new oral anticoagulants are reviewed along with the major clinical trials in venous thromboembolism prevention in total hip and knee replacement orthopedic surgery, the treatment of venous thromboembolic disorders and stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation.
Primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions to reduce the morbidity and mortality of preterm birth

Interventions to reduce the morbidity and mortality of preterm birth can be primary (directed to all women), secondary (aimed at eliminating or reducing existing risk), or tertiary (intended to improve outcomes for preterm infants). Most efforts so far have been tertiary interventions, such as regionalised care, and treatment with antenatal corticosteroids, tocolytic agents, and antibiotics. These measures have reduced perinatal morbidity and mortality, but the incidence of preterm birth is increasing. Advances in primary and secondary care, following strategies used for other complex health problems, such as cervical cancer, will be needed to prevent prematurity-related illness in infants and children.
The Effect of Bubbles on Vortical Flows

The effect of bubbles on vortical flows near walls is examined by direct numerical simulations. A simple model problem, consisting of two slightly perturbed counter rotating vortex tubes plus a parabolic pressure driven velocity profiles is used. Initially, the flow is seeded with several bubbles near the wall. As the flow evolves, the bubbles are entrained into the vortices, where they accelerate the breakdown of the vortices. The flow rate and the wall shear is monitored and the result show that the presence of bubbles leads to a slight decrease in drag and thus an increase in flow rate.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Supraglottic larynx and its pathology as studied by whole laryngeal sections

The need for additional data regarding the behavior of carcinomas of the supraglottic larynx was recognized during attempts to identify candidates for supraglottic laryngectomy. The crux of the matter was whether supraglottic carcinomas remain confined at the supraglottic larynx. If some do not, can these exceptions be detected preoperatively? Information gained from whole-organ study of 40 larynges with such tumors showed that most tumors do remain confined to the supraglottic larynx; however, there are exceptions, and these are usually high-grade tumors. Preoperative biopsy demonstrating undifferentiation in a tumor suggests a potential for atypical behavior. Patients with these high-grade lesions are not candidates for supraglottic laryngectomy. Fortunately, most supraglottic carcinomas are well-differentiated, behave in a typical manner, and fulfill the expectations gained from the preoperative mucosal appearance. Supraglottic laryngectomy is, therefore, feasible and successful in carefully selected candidates. The conclusions of this study are the following: 1. Most supraglottic cancers behave as expected, being typically well-differentiated tumors that remain confined to the supraglottic larynx. 2. Exceptions to such behavior are exemplified by tumors manifesting submucosal extension some distance away from the main tumor mass, tumors invading the thyroid cartilage, second primaries, and tumors disseminating emboli away from the main tumor. 3. Present preoperative diagnostic measures still fail to detect tumors with atypical behavior. Subsequent supraglottic laryngectomy in patients with such tumors would, therefore, leave residual tumor. 4. Carcinomas exhibiting atypical behavior are characteristically undifferentiated and aggressive. 5. The epiglottis and pre-epiglottic space are easily invaded by supraglottic cancer. The pre-epiglottic space is removed during either supraglottic or total laryngectomy. 6. The thyroid cartilage is an excellent barrier to the spread of supraglottic cancers. Tumors that invade it penetrate the anterior commissure first. 7. The pitfalls in the selection of candidates for supraglottic laryngectomy are assessment problems in which the tumor mass makes it difficult to see its full mucosal extent. Inadequate biopsy may also fail to detect a tumor. 8. In the preoperative assessment of a patient with supraglottic carcinoma, supraglottic laryngectomy is contraindicated if the biopsy does show high-grade differentiation and if the tumor is situated near the petiole. 9. Undetected extension submucosally to the level of the glottis will result in some failures with conservation surgery of the larynx.
An Analysis of Evidence for Superconducting Energy Gap and Pairing Interaction Anisotropy for Two Types of Experiments

While there is a large body of evidence that the pairing interaction and energy gap in superconductors are anisotropic, there is also some inconsistency in many of the measurements of these quantities /1,2/. In this paper we would like to review and critique the results of two kinds of experiments, that we have performed over the last decade /3/, to measure possible anisotropy of the energy gap and pairing interaction in superconducting systems. These two techniques are (a) measurement of the shift in critical temperature due to removal of anisotropy by boundary scattering in single crystals or in well annealed polycrystalline foils, and (b) measurement of the energy gap via tunneling into single crystals of gallium.
Arsenic immunotoxicity: a review

Exposure to arsenic (As) is a global public health problem because of its association with various cancers and numerous other pathological effects, and millions of people worldwide are exposed to As on a regular basis. Increasing lines of evidence indicate that As may adversely affect the immune system, but its specific effects on immune function are poorly understood. Therefore, we conducted a literature search of non-cancer immune-related effects associated with As exposure and summarized the known immunotoxicological effects of As in humans, animals and in vitro models. Overall, the data show that chronic exposure to As has the potential to impair vital immune responses which could lead to increased risk of infections and chronic diseases, including various cancers. Although animal and in vitro models provide some insight into potential mechanisms of the As-related immunotoxicity observed in human populations, further investigation, particularly in humans, is needed to better understand the relationship between As exposure and the development of disease.
Electrohydrodynamics: A facile technique to fabricate drug delivery systems

Electrospinning and electrospraying are facile electrohydrodynamic fabrication methods that can generate drug delivery systems (DDS) through a one-step process. The nano-structured fiber and particle morphologies produced by these techniques offer tunable release kinetics applicable to diverse biomedical applications. Coaxial-electrospinning/electrospraying, a relatively new technique of fabricating core-shell fibers/particles have added to the versatility of these DDS by affording a near zero-order drug release kinetics, dampening of burst release, and applicability to a wider range of bioactive agents. Controllable electrospinning/spraying of fibers and particles and subsequent drug release from these chiefly polymeric vehicles depends on well-defined solution and process parameters. The additional drug delivery capability from electrospun fibers can further enhance the material’s functionality in tissue engineering applications. This review discusses the state-of-the-art of using electrohydrodynamic technique to generate nano-fiber/particles as drug delivery devices.
Protein Kinase-C Activation Stimulates Synthesis of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Receptors, but Does not Mediate GnRH-Stimulated Receptor Synthesis*

Gonadotropes respond to GnRH with LH synthesis and release, desensitization, changes in GnRH receptor number, and GnRH receptor synthesis. Activation of protein kinase-C (PKC) appears to be involved in LH beta gene expression, but is not required for acute LH release, desensitization, or receptor down-regulation. The present studies were conducted to determine whether PKC mediates GnRH-stimulated receptor synthesis. We have adapted the density shift technique to measure the synthesis of GnRH receptors in pituitary culture. Pituitary cells from female weanling rats were exposed to medium containing treatments, dense amino acids (greater than 95% 13C, 15N, and 2H), dialyzed horse serum (10%, vol/vol), and fetal calf serum (2.5%, vol/vol). Treatments consisted of medium alone, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), phorbol dibutyrate (PdBu), or GnRH. To deplete cells of PKC, cultures were exposed for 8-16 h to 1 microM PMA. Short term treatment with PKC activators (PMA or PdBu, 1 microM) or GnRH (0.1 nM) was given for 30 min. After treatment, GnRH receptors were covalently linked to [125I]Tyr5-azidobenzoyl-D-Lys6-GnRH and solubilized. Newly synthesized (densely labeled) GnRH receptors were separated from normal receptors by velocity sedimentation (156,000 X g; 24 h; 0-20% sucrose) and quantified by gamma-spectroscopy. Treatment with GnRH significantly stimulated the synthesis of GnRH receptors. Treatment of pituitary cell cultures with PMA (8-16 h) also stimulated the synthesis of GnRH receptors, although to a lesser extent than that observed after GnRH treatment. The synthesis of GnRH receptors in response to 0.1 nM GnRH was not different in cells with a normal complement of PKC compared to those depleted of PKC activity. This indicates that the ability of GnRH to stimulate the synthesis of its own receptor is not mediated by PKC. Short term treatment of cell cultures with 1 microM PMA or PdBu (30 min) stimulated GnRH receptor synthesis similar to treatment with 0.1 nM GnRH. When PMA and GnRH were administered simultaneously, GnRH receptor synthesis was stimulated to a greater extent than with either agent alone, suggesting differing mechanisms of action. These results indicate that although activators of PKC can stimulate the synthesis of GnRH receptors, PKC does not mediate the effects of GnRH on homologous receptor synthesis.
Eigenmodes of Kerr-type phase-conjugate mirrors

The equivalence of the reflection-invariant modes of an imperfect phase-conjugate mirror to the transverse modes of a particular type of optical cavity is demonstrated. The reflection-invariant modes are shown to satisfy an approximate minimum-volume condition when the pump and the probe beams are well aligned.
Simulated Rainfall-Driven Dissolution of TNT, Tritonal, Comp B and Octol Particles

Live-fire military training can deposit millimeter-sized particles of high explosives (HE) on surface soils when rounds do not explode as intended. Rainfall-driven dissolution of the particles then begins a process whereby aqueous HE solutions can enter the soil and groundwater as contaminants. We dripped water onto individual particles of TNT, Tritonal, Comp B and Octol to simulate how surface-deposited HE particles might dissolve under the action of rainfall and to use the data to verify a model that predicts HE dissolution as a function of particle size, particle composition and rainfall rate. Particle masses ranged from 1.1 to 17 mg and drip rates corresponded to nominal rainfall rates of 6 and 12 mm h � 1 . For the TNT and Tritonal particles, TNT solubility governed dissolution time scales, whereas the lower-solubility of RDX controlled the dissolution time of both RDX and TNT in Comp B. The large, low-solubility crystals of HMX slowed but did not control the dissolution of TNT in Octol. Predictions from a drop-impingement dissolution model agree well with dissolved-mass timeseries for TNT, Tritonal and Comp B, providing some confidence that the model will also work well when applied to the rainfall-driven, outdoor dissolution of these HE particles. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
A genomic imprinting test for ordinal traits in pedigree data

Genomic imprinting can lead maternally and paternally derived alleles with identical nucleotide sequences to function differently and has been found to affect the complex inheritance of a variety of human disorders. Statistical methods that differentiate the parent-of-origin effects on human diseases are available for binary traits and continuous traits. However, numerous common diseases are measured on discrete ordinal scales. Imprinting may also contribute to the complex genetic basis of these traits. In a previous study, we proposed a latent variable model and developed computationally efficient score statistic to test linkage of ordinal traits for any size pedigree while adjusting for non-genetic covariates. In this study, we extend the latent variable model to incorporate parent-of-origin information and further develop a score statistic for testing the imprinting effect in linkage analysis. We evaluated the properties of our test statistic using simulations. We then applied our method to the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism and found a novel locus on chromosome 18 that shows a strong signal for imprinting. In addition, we identified two loci on chromosomes 3 and 4 significantly (po0.0001) linked with alcoholism. Genet. Epidemiol. 32:132–142, 2008. r 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Parent Pain and Catastrophizing are Associated With Pain, Somatic Symptoms, and Pain-related Disability Among Early Adolescents

Objective To examine associations between parental history of pain and catastrophizing and their adolescent’s pain, somatic symptoms, catastrophizing, and disability. Methods Participants included 178 youths aged 11–14 years recruited through public schools. Adolescents completed measures assessing pain characteristics, somatic symptoms, and pain catastrophizing. Parents reported on their own pain, and catastrophizing about their adolescent’s pain. Results About one quarter of the adolescents and two thirds of parents reported having pain. Parent pain was associated with adolescent pain, somatic symptoms, and pain catastrophizing. Parent catastrophizing was a significant predictor of adolescent somatic symptoms and pain-related disability, beyond the contribution of parent pain. Adolescent catastrophizing mediated the association between parent catastrophizing and adolescent pain-related disability. Conclusions Parent history of pain and pain-related cognitions may contribute to adolescent risk for chronic pain.
Case conference: Some aspects of agoraphobia

Abstract Three cases of agoraphobia are presented, showing the variety of factors relevant to different cases. Therapeutic strategy is determined by the features of the case.
Recurrent Epistaxis and Nasal Congestion

Amaleteenagerpresentedwitha2-monthhistoryof recurrentepistaxis andnasal congestion.Nasal endoscopydemonstrateda2-cm friable mass in the left nasal cavity. A computed tomographic scan revealeda2.3-cmsoft-tissuedensity in the left nasal cavity (Figure, A) and amagnetic resonance imaging scan confirmedby this delineating a heterogeneously enhancing mass, without clear attachments to thenasal septum(Figure,B).Findings fromapositronemission tomographic scan were negative. The patient was brought to the operating room where he underwent nasal endoscopy with resection of the left nasal cavity lesion and adjacent septum. Histologic findings revealed a carcinomawithbasaloid features,composedofundifferentiatedcellswith hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in ribbons. Therewasbriskmitotic activity and areas of tumor necrosis (Figure, C). There was no perineural invasion, and themarginswere negative after resection. Results froma immunohistochemical stain forp16werepositive(Figure, D). The patient was disease free at his 6-month follow-up. What is your diagnosis? A
Teaching RFID information systems security to non-RF students

Radio frequency identification (RFID) information systems provide information to users about objects with RFID tags. RFID systems require the application of information systems security (INFOSEC) to protect the information from tampering, unauthorized information disclosure, and denial of service to authorized users. A series of modules is being developed that integrates both RFID and security to improve the quality of nation-wide education in RFID INFOSEC. The new learning materials and teaching strategies are being field tested to undergraduate computer engineering and computer science students that do not have a radio frequency (RF) background. However, the students require critical elements of RF engineering to understand these systems. Therefore, RF engineering modules were designed for non-RF students.
Demand, drag, or deal: persuading faculty to transform higher education

Rose-Hulman developed a Digital Resource Center to provide faculty, staff and students with access to high-level presentation preparation, web page creation, video digitizing and streaming and other technologies to enhance the institute's ability to provide the best learning and teaching experience possible. The DRC has proven to be an excellent resource for students, and sometimes for the administration. Our challenge has been in enlisting faculty members to use our services. This paper will look at the rationale of faculty reluctance to use our services and how our center is working to overcome this dilemma - demand, drag or deal.
Labeling Hen's Egg with 74Se for Use in Human Metabolic Experiments

Experiments were conducted with laying hens to explore quantita tive aspects of incorporation of 75Se(radioselenium) at various dosing levels and for different chemical forms of an orally administered tracer. Quantitative distribution of the incorporated isotope in egg white and egg yolk was strongly influenced by both the chemical form of the label and the dosing level. The ratio of egg yolk:egg white selenium decreased with increased level of administered dose of selenite In addition, the rate of incorporation and the amount of selenium in whole egg were higher when (75Se)selenomethionine was given as compared to (75Se)selenite.Characterization of the chemical form of selenium in egg white and egg yolk labeled biologically by giving hens radioactive selenite or selenomethionine was performed by classification as: selenite, selenoprotein and fat-bound selenium. Studies were then undertaken to achieve intrinsic labeling of egg white and egg yolk with stable isotope 74Sefor pur poses of exploring selenium bioavailability in humans. Enrichments of 74Sein egg white and egg yolk of hens given high dose selenite (54.4 Âiig 74Se)were 20- and 28-fold, whereas in egg white and egg yolk of hens given low dose (10.9 fig 74Se)they were 4- and 10-fold the level of natural abundance, respectively. The stable isotope-labeling studies indicated that a 7-day sequential dosing protocol with 20-100 Âiig Se per dose permitted sufficient enrichment of egg white (only high dose) and of yolk with the stable isotope 74Sefor use in human metabolic studies. J. Nutr. 114: 1159-1168,1984.
Scalable regression tree learning on Hadoop using OpenPlanet

As scientific and engineering domains attempt to effectively analyze the deluge of data from sensors and instruments, machine learning is becoming a key data mining tool to build prediction models. Regression tree is a popular learning model that combines decision trees and linear regression to forecast numerical target variables based on a set of input features. MapReduce is well suited for such data intensive learning applications, and a proprietary regression tree algorithm, PLANET, has been proposed earlier on MapReduce. In this paper, we describe an open source implementation of this algorithm, OpenPlanet, on the Hadoop framework using a hybrid approach. We evaluate the performance of OpenPlanet using real world datasets from the Smart Power Grid domain for energy use forecasting, and propose tuning strategies of Hadoop parameters to improve the performance of the default configuration by 75% for a training dataset of 17 million tuples on a 64-core Hadoop cluster on FutureGrid.
Prospect Theory, Life Insurance, and Annuities

This paper presents a prospect theory-based model of insurance against mortality risk. The model accounts for five main puzzles from life insurance and annuity markets: under-annuitization; insucient life insurance among the working age; excessive life insurance among the elderly; guarantee clauses; and the simultaneous holding of life insurance and annuities.
Adjectives and Adverbs

This chapter focuses on two closely related word classes: adjectives, which we explore in Sect. 4.1, and adverbs, which we explore in Sect. 4.2. The chapter examines the differences and similarities of these two word classes and also considers the issues in categorizing the various subclasses of adverbs. Adjectives and adverbs often differ in form but not always. Some adjectives and adverbs have no “typical” derivational endings, and some adjectives and adverbs have derivational endings typical of the other class. The key to distinguishing between the two classes is their function: adjectives modify nouns. Adverbs, as we saw in Chap. 2 and examine more closely in this chapter, can modify just about anything except nouns and pronouns.
Soft-collinear effective theory for hadronic and nuclear collisions: The evolution of jet quenching from RHIC to the highest LHC energies

Abstract In the framework of soft-collinear effective theory with Glauber gluons, results and predictions for inclusive hadron suppression, based upon in-medium parton shower evolution, are presented for Au+Au and Pb+Pb collisions at RHIC and LHC energies s = 200 AGev and s = 2.76 , 5.1 ATeV , respectively. The SCETG medium-induced splitting kernels are further implemented to evaluate the attenuation of reconstructed jet cross sections in such reactions and to examine their centrality and radius R dependence. Building upon a previously developed method to systematically resum the jet shape at next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy, a quantitative understanding of the jet shape modification measurement in Pb+Pb collisions at s = 2.76 ATeV at the LHC can be achieved. Predictions for photon-tagged jet cross sections and shapes, that can shed light on the parton flavor dependence of in-medium parton shower modification, are also given.
Where the Streets Have No Name: Fostering Linkages between Public and Private Research

This short paper and accompanying slides were presented at the 5th International Forum on Creativity and Inventions, Delhi, Nov 11-13, 2009
Obstetric outcomes in women with sonographically identified uterine leiomyomata.

Objective To examine the association between leiomyomata and complications during pregnancy, delivery, and the puerperium. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study comparing pregnancy outcomes in women with and without uterine leiomyomata who underwent routine second trimester obstetric ultrasonography and delivered viable infants at a single institution. Potential confounding variables, including maternal age, weight, ethnicity, parity, gestational age, epidural use, and labor induction, were controlled for using multivariate logistic regression techniques. Results From 1993 to 2003, 15,104 women underwent routine second trimester prenatal ultrasonography, and 401 (2.7%) women were identified with at least 1 leiomyoma. By univariate and multivariate analyses, the presence of leiomyomata was associated with increased risks for cesarean delivery (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16-2.13), breech presentation (AOR 1.64, 95% CI 1.11-2.40), malposition (AOR 1.59, 95% CI 1.18-2.15), preterm delivery (AOR 1.45, 95% CI 1.08-1.96), placenta previa (AOR 1.86, 95% CI 1.02-3.39), and severe postpartum hemorrhage (AOR 2.57, 95% CI 1.54-4.27). Premature rupture of membranes, operative vaginal delivery, chorioamnionitis, and endomyometritis were not associated with leiomyomata. Median length of labor was not different between the 2 groups. When compared with leiomyomata less than 10 cm in size, leiomyomata 10 cm or larger were associated with rates of cesarean delivery that were not statistically different (25% compared with 31%, P = .49). Conclusion Pregnant women with leiomyomata are at increased risk for cesarean delivery, breech presentation, malposition, preterm delivery, placenta previa, and severe post partum hemorrhage. Women with leiomyomata 10 cm or larger achieve a vaginal delivery rate of nearly 70%. These results are useful for preconception and prenatal counseling of women with leiomyomata. Level of evidence II-2.
Catheterization of the Right Auricle in Man

Forssmann1 first used catheterization of the right heart on himself, after exposure of a vein of the arm by a surgeon. Numerous other investigators since have used right heart catheterization for v...
Strain Relaxation Mechanisms in He+-Implanted and Annealed Si1−xGex Layers on Si(001) Substrates

Strain relaxation in He+-implanted and annealed Si(001)/Si1−xGex heterostructures was investigated using transmission electron microscopy techniques and x-ray diffraction. Depending on the implant conditions, bubbles and/or platelets form below the Si/Si1−xGex interface upon annealing and act as nucleation sources for dislocation loops. The dislocation loops extend to the interface and form a misfit dislocation network there, resulting in relaxation of 30-80% of the strain in layers as thin as 100-300 nm. When bubbles form close to the interface, dislocations nucleate by a climb loop mechanism. When smaller bubbles form deeper in the Si substrate an irregular three-dimensional dislocation network forms below the interface resulting in an irregular misfit dislocation network at the interface. When platelets form deeper in the Si substrate, prismatic punching of dislocation loops is observed and dislocation reactions of misfit dislocations at the interface result in Lomer dislocation formation.
Implementation of BT-oriented Specific Information Dissemination Monitoring System

Presently,many of discriminating methods are coarse-grained.In order to advance the efficiency,this paper introduces a method to indentify the specific files by fine-grained.It builds the samples according to character of the aim-files,picks up the character of BitTorrent(BT) downloading,and compares them.Experiment shows this method can indentify the specific files,and at the same time,enhance the accuracy of the identification.
Proposing a Resolution: Why the 2015 Proposed ICWA Regulations Are Necessary for ICWA to Fulfill Its Purpose

Congress passed the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) in 1978 in response to the high number of Indian children being removed from their homes and placed with non-Indian families. These removals were oftentimes unwarranted and were motivated by nothing more than the pervasive cultural ignorance and biases of state agencies. The purpose of ICWA was to “protect the best interests of Indian children...by establishing minimum Federal standards for the removal of Indian children from their families and the placement of such children in foster or adoptive homes or institutions which will reflect the unique values of Indian culture.” Shortly after passing ICWA the BIA published a set of non-binding guidelines. The purpose of these guidelines was to provide states with the BIA’s interpretation of the ICWA’s requirements and to aid states in ICWA proceedings. Today, thirty-eight years after Congress passed ICWA, the Indian child welfare crisis still exists. The Federal government acknowledged this issue in 2014 when the BIA invited comments to determine whether to update the ICWA’s non-binding guidelines. The overwhelming response to this invitation was that the guidelines not only needed to be updated but the BIA also needed to issue legally binding ICWA regulations to ensure states complied with the statute. In February 2015 the BIA published a new set of guidelines in order to further clarify ICWA and address areas of consistent non-compliance that hindered the Act’s ability to fulfill it’s purpose. Additionally, in March 2015 the BIA announced its intent to propose a series of legally binding federal regulations to govern ICWA cases in state courts. This note will analyze the proposed regulations and will suggest that requiring states to respect tribal sovereignty is the only for ICWA’s purpose to be fulfilled.