cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Early labeled heme synthesis in normal rats and rats with iron deficiency anemia

Abstract Heme synthesis from [2-14C]glycine was studied in liver and red blood cells. In normal rats liver contained two early [14C] heme peaks maximal at 1 and 4.5 h, followed by a long plateau of heme labeling. These phases were present in both microsomes and mitochondria. Cycloheximide suppressed formation of the first but not the second heme component. All phases of hepatic heme labelling were reduced in iron-deficient rats, with better preservation of the microsomal fraction. In iron-deficient rats responding to iron therapy, the first peak merged with an enlarged and premature second component; the increase was most marked in mitochondria. Thus, labeled heme metabolism was less perturbed in microsomes than mitochondria in both of these conditions. Peripheral blood also contained a [14C]heme peak at 1 h in all experimental groups. This was highest with the increased eythroid response observed in irontreated rats. The first heme peak, present in both hepatic and erythroid cells, may represent a pool of free or unassigned heme. The later heme component may reflect formation of hemoproteins, which could be related directly or indirectly to the initial, rapid turnover heme component.
The High Tiger in South Nias, Indonesia

Every seven or fourteen years a festival was held in the southern part of Nias Island, Indonesia, in which a giant tiger image from each of four or five villages would be disposed of in a local river. The effigies represented the rulers of prominent villages and by extension, the lineages which provided those rulers. The purpose of the ceremony was to renew society and as such many of the organizational structures of South Nias culture were incorporated into the offering. The “high tiger,” as it was called, embodied dualistic principles and rich metaphorical references. It was also a ritual substitute for the ruler in an otherwise dangerous period of transition. Upon completion of the ceremony, power was restored to the rulers, standardized weights and measures were reset and life returned to normal patterns for the next seven or fourteen years.
Electrocatalytic Properties of PtBi and PtPb Intermetallic Line Compounds via DFT : CO and H Adsorption

Pt intermetallic line compounds, such as with Pb and Bi, have been observed to improve dramatically the anode carbon monoxide (CO) tolerance of fuel cells for oxidation of small organic molecules. We have used density functional theory to study the CO and H adsorption on different surfaces of these line compounds. Among different surface orientations of PtPb and PtBi, we find (100)B and (110) have much lower cleavage energies and CO adsorption energies than (100)A and (001) and also much lower CO adsorption energies than Pt(111). Thus, (100)B and (110) are the surfaces most relevant to experimental observations, and the increased CO tolerance is not attributable to the (001) surface of the line compounds as assumed experimentally, because it binds CO the strongest, even more strongly than Pt(111). We also find that CO is not likely to dissociate on these materials. Finally, we correlate d-band center and CO adsorption energy for these non close-packed systems by developing a more universal form of the ori...
Effects of a symbolic model's originality, sex and doodles on original responses.

In order to assess the effects of a written model upon the originality of responses to three tasks, 90 male and 107 female college students were randomly assigned to see responses of an original or unoriginal male or female model with or without accompanying doodles. Those seeing an original model gave more original responses and those seeing an unoriginal model gave more common responses, but there were no sex effects or interactions and only slight support for the idea that seeing a model's doodles will increase imitation of his behavior.
The hydroxyl ion in alkali halide crystals - crystal growth and characterization

Abstract Crystals of NaCl, KCl, RbCl, KBr, NaBr, and KI doped with hydroxide ions have been grown from the melt using Kyropoulos and Czochralski techniques. The position, strength, and shape of the ultraviolet “OH -band” has been measured for all crystals and the peak absorption constant compared to hydroxide concentrations determined by pH titration of aqueous solutions. Using the calibrated uv absorption, the OH− concentration of nominally pure Harshaw and laboratory grown crystals was determined.
Brain biochemical changes in rats treated with chlorpromazine and electroshocked during early postnatal development

Abstract The activities of cerebral and cerebellar acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), DNA, RNA and protein contents were studied in female rats treated with chlorpromazine (6 mg/kg body weight or 15 mg/kg) either at 2 (CPZ-2 day) or 13 days (CPZ-13 day) after birth and electroshocked beginning at 12 days for the CPZ-2 day groups or 18 days for the CPZ-13 day groups. Both cerebrocortical and cerebellar BuChE were higher in all control shocked groups whereas only cerebellar DNA was higher as compared to non-shocked controls. Chlorpromazine treatment lowered only the cerebral BuChE activity but this effect was not apparent after electroshock. Although chlorpromazine alone did not affect DNA content in either the cerebral cortex or cerebellum, it prevented the rise of DNA induced by electroshock in the cerebellum.
Through the Looking Glass, Darkly: Perceptions of Hate in Interpersonal Relationships

Current research has focused primarily on how hate works in groups or its theoretical nature. This study replicates previous findings (Aumer-Ryan & Hatfield, 2007) that hate is primarily felt towards intimate others or people we spend considerable time with. Ninety-eight participants filled out a survey concerning themselves, the people they love and the people they hate. Participants also filled out a survey about motivations concerning the people they love and hate. Results demonstrate that participants saw people they hate considerably differently than those they love, and themselves. Additionally, this study provides empirical evidence that hate can be used as a predictor of motivation. Specifically, disgust and devaluation were important predictors in negative and positive motivation. Additional studies examining interpersonal hate can help better understand how hate operates and inform current theoretical literature.
Colchicine inhibits human trophoblast differentiation in vitro

When cultured in keratinocyte growth medium, mononuclear cytotrophoblast cells aggregate into multicellular colonies which then fuse to form multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast. In an attempt to characterize better the mechanism of human trophoblast differentiation and to obtain information about the role of the cytoskeleton, experiments were performed using cytoskeletal-disrupting drugs and primary cultures of cytotrophoblast cells from term placentae. Addition of colchicine 6 h after plating permitted aggregation but the cells did not form syncytiotrophoblast, as revealed by staining for desmosomes and nuclei. Staining with an anti-tubulin antibody showed that microtubules were present in untreated control cells but absent in colchicine-treated cultures. If colchicine was added 24 h after plating, the cells also failed to differentiate. When cells were exposed to colchicine for the first 24 h after plating and then cultured in the absence of the drug, differentiation proceeded normally. Cells exposed to colchicine for 48 h and then incubated in the absence of the drug failed to form syncytiotrophoblast. The results suggest that a decision to differentiate is made between 24 and 48 h after plating. The effects of colchicine were observed between 2.5 and 250 microM. Beta-lumicolchicine blocked differentiation at 250 microM but was ineffective at lower concentrations. Colchicine also inhibited HCG secretion in a dose-dependent manner; beta-lumicolchicine only caused inhibition at 250 microM. Staining with antitubulin antibody revealed that lumicolchicine-treated cells had intact microtubules. These results suggest a role for microtubules in trophoblast differentiation.
Prediction of the effective dielectric constant in SWNT polyimide nanocomposites using the Bruggemann model

The Bruggemann model is used in this work to predict the effective dielectric constant of two kinds of single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) polyimide nanocomposites. Electrical conductivity and dielectric constant exhibit a dramatic enhancement at low content of SWNT fillers with a percolation threshold at 0.06 vol %. Results of the Bruggemann model are compared with the experimental values of the dielectric constant in CP2/SWNT and βCN/SWNT polyimide nanocomposites. A reasonable agreement for SWNT contents under the percolation threshold and a SWNT dielectric constant of 2000 was found between the Bruggeman model modified by Giordano and the experimental values. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
A review of methods for improving the interfacial adhesion between carbon fiber and polymer matrix

The interfacial properties between carbon fibers and surrounding matrix of a composite are drastically affected by interfacial structure. This structure mainly relates to the surface physico-chemistry of the fiber, which includes its surface chemical groups and microstructure, morphology, surface area, and surface free energy. These properties can be changed by various surface treatments, including various dry and wet oxidation steps, plasma treatment, electrodischarge, and fiber sizing or coating. These methods improve the interfacial properties significantly and synergistically, although each treatment has its specific application area.
Future directions for the study of suicide and self-injury.

The death of a child is one of the most tragic events imaginable. Even more gut-wrenching is when a child intentionally chooses to end his or her own life in order to escape from unbearable sufferi...
THE EVOLUTION OF ANALYSIS IN LIFE SCIENCE RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE : THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF SEPARATIONS

The Review considers the current state and possible future of separation methods in the rapidly developing field of bioscience. For example, drug development by combinatorial methods allow the synthesis of more than 103 compounds per day and it is clear that the analysis of such large numbers of samples will need a radically new approach in which the technology developed for the etching of integrated electronic circuits is likely to play a major role. An alternative possibility is the development of multiple analyses with parallel bundles of open tubular columns. There are many practical problems to be overcome but it is probable that chromatographic and electrophoresis methods coupled with mass spectrometry will figure prominently until such time as miniaturisation at a molecular level using nanotubes becomes a reality.
Mapping the politics of AIDS: illustrations from East Africa.

Despite comparatively weak technical and institutional infrastructure and differences between experts estimations of expected future mortality due to HIV and AIDS it is clear that AIDS will cause much death in sub-Saharan Africa over the 1990s. African governments have established national AIDS committees to coordinate prevention activities yet little urgency is expressed about HIV in most African countries. Political scientists have thus far also given little attention to the AIDS pandemic. One would think however that the serious spatial and temporal aspects of the pandemic would garner greater professional interest. The war against AIDS is far from merely scientific and merits scrutiny into whether prevention efforts remain on track how effectively resources are being mobilized and what future steps should be taken. How AIDS and many other important population and social issues are addressed are strongly influenced by the following political phenomena: how an issue gets onto an already crowded agenda; who decides which values enter the political arena for authoritative allocation; and the extent to which individuals feel free and competent to articulate their views on a given issue. In East African countries stronger public and individual commitments against AIDS are especially called for. Examples from Kenya Tanzania and Zambia are used to demonstrate how the central bureaucratic formation and control of public policy inhibit AIDS from entering public agendas; how the international community dominates the establishment of prevention efforts and incites calls of imperialism which impede the setting of local priorities; and how cultural inhibitions limit the effectiveness of campaigns against AIDS in East Africa.
Waste management policy revisions: lessons learned from the Katrina disaster

The main objective of this paper is to identify debris and waste management policies that need to be changed based on the lessons learned from Hurricane Katrina. Policy issues addressed include fragmented jurisdictional problems, issues related to types of debris, burning of house hold debris, wood infestation with Formosan termites and banning of yard wastes from landfills. Current practices and trends in the building material waste management following disasters are examined from a building life cycle standpoint or cradle to cradle concept. Completing the proper planning before the disaster is critical. Having a plan in place can allow for maximum, integrated recycling, resource optimisation, waste reduction and deconstruction. Examination of the waste management hierarchy and life cycle management of material is used to improve the understanding of reuse and recycle opportunities. Based on the lessons learnt from Hurricane Katrina proposed changes in debris management policy following natural disasters.
Endemic mycoses in patients with hematologic malignancies.

Histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, and coccidioidomycosis are uncommon, but often life-threatening infections in patients who have hematologic malignancies. Disease occurs either as a result of new infection after an environmental exposure or as a result of reactivation of a remote infection. Among patients who have hematologic malignancies, the greatest risk appears to be in those who have cellular immune deficiencies. Severe pulmonary infection and widespread disseminated infection are the most common manifestations of these infections in patients with hematologic malignancies. Early diagnosis is best accomplished by tissue biopsy with histopathologic evaluation for the distinctive tissue forms characteristic of these fungi; confirmation by growth in culture is essential, but slow for histoplasmosis and blastomycosis. Initial treatment in the immunosuppressed host should almost always be with amphotericin B rather than an azole. Azole antifungal agents can be used in those patients who respond quickly to amphotericin B and for those requiring long-term suppressive therapy.
The role and clinical value of EUS in a multimodality esophageal carcinoma staging program with CT and positron emission tomography

Background EUS, CT, and positron emission tomography (PET) have all been used in the preoperative staging of esophageal cancer separately or in various combinations. Objective Our purpose was to determine the value and role of EUS when used in conjunction with CT and PET imaging in staging cancer of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction. Design Retrospective single-center clinical trial. Setting Academic tertiary care center. Patients Data were examined for 56 patients who concomitantly underwent examination with EUS, CT, and PET in a multimodality staging program. Main Outcome Measurements EUS, CT, and PET were examined for their ability to detect the primary tumor, local tumor stage, locoregional adenopathy, and distant metastases. With use of surgical resection as baseline therapy, the frequency at which EUS, CT, and PET affected and changed management was examined. Results EUS is the only imaging test that identified all primary tumors and provided tumor staging. EUS identified a significantly greater number of patients (58.9%) with locoregional nodes than did CT (26.8%), P = .0006, or PET (37.5%), P = .02. CT identified 14.3% and PET identified 26.8% of patients with distant metastases. With CT alone, 15.2% of patients were not taken to surgery, whereas PET affected management by preventing surgery because of metastatic disease in 28.3% of patients. EUS changed management by guiding the need for neoadjuvant therapy in 34.8% of patients. Limitations Retrospective study, nonblinded study, lack of pathologic reference standard. Conclusion The primary strength of EUS in a multimodality staging strategy is in identifying patients with locally advanced disease and guiding the need for preoperative neoadjuvant therapy. EUS is not suited to determine resectability of esophageal cancer alone and thus is most effective when used in conjunction with other imaging tests such as CT and PET.
PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A STUDY OF CALCIUM CARBONATE SATURATION OF GROUND WATER IN CENTRAL FLORIDA

Abstract The departure of ground water from equilibrium with calcite is being studied in central Florida. Measurements of pH, temperature, and concentration of bicarbonate made in the field are used with standard laboratory analyses of water samples to calculate an ion activity product (K iap ) for calcium carbonate. The calculated Kiap is compared with the equilibrium constant (Keq) for calcite to determine the departure from equilibrium. The calcium concentration is lowest in the area of the highest piezometric surface. Some of the highest concentrations of bicarbonate are in the area of low calcium. In about half of the area of study, the water is undersaturated with respect to calcite. This indicates that solution of limestone can occur several hundred feet below the water table.
Early experience with a new ePTFE vascular prosthesis for hemodialysis

Abstract Background : An expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) graft for hemodialysis designed for immediate cannulation was tested. The graft contains a cannulation segment consisting of a stretch ePTFE base tube surrounded by flat and round ePTFE fibers that are secured by a thin, perforated ePTFE cover. This study reports our early experience with this new vascular prosthesis. Patients and methods : Between June 1994 and March 1995, 48 arteriovenous grafts were implanted in 47 patients for whom autogenous fistula construction was impossible. Mean patient age was 57 years (range 37 to 85), 86% of the patients were black, and 60% were men. Twenty-two (46%) grafts were in the forearm, 19 (39%) in the upper arm, and 7 (15%) in the groin. Unassisted and assisted patency rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The times of first hemodialysis relative to implantation and the times to hemostasis after first decannulation were recorded. Explanted grafts were histologically evaluated with hematoxylin and eosin and Gram's stains. Results : The unassisted and assisted 6-month patency rates were 42% and 73%, respectively. Five of the first 10 grafts were lost to management and technical errors, after which the respective patency rates were 56% and 82%. Eleven of 22 thrombosed grafts were salvaged, 9 with urokinase thrombolysis and 2 with surgical thrombectomy. Twenty-eight grafts were cannulated within 7 days. The time to hemostasis was usually 2 to 4 minutes and always less than 15 minutes. Histologic analysis of a graft explanted at 40 days showed good fibrous incorporation and capillary ingrowth between the cover and round fibers. Conclusions : This new ePTFE vascular prosthesis can be safely cannulated immediately after implantation, avoiding the morbidity of temporary central venous catheter hemodialysis. After an initial period of familiarization, patency similar to that of other ePTFE arteriovenous grafts was achieved. For patients requiring urgent hemodialysis, this graft is an ideal alternative that allows immediate, safe cannulation.
Dielectric constant of MgAl2O4 spinel and the oxide additivity rule

The dielectric constants and dielectric loss values of five natural and three synthetic spinel single crystals were determined at 1 MHz using a two-terminal method and empirically determined edge corrections. The results are: Mg_(1.02)AI_(1.98)Fe_(0.01)O_4 K'=8.355 tan δ=0.0005 Mg_(1.00)AI_(1.98)Fe_0.02)O_4 K'=8.322 tan δ=0.0007 Mg_(1.00)AI_(1.99)Fe_(0.02)O_4 K'=8.203 tan δ=0.0007 Mg_1.01)Al_(1.98)O_4 K'=8.352 tan δ=0.0005 Mg_(0.97)AI_(2.01)Fe_(0.01)O_4 K'=8.302 tan δ=0.0005 Mg_(1.00)AI_(2.00)O_4 K'=8 tan δ=0.0008 Mg_(1.00)AI(2.00)O_4 K'=8.176 tan δ=0.0005 Mg_(0.415)Al_(2.39)O_4 K'8.572 tan δ=0.0011. The agreement between measured dielectric polarizabilities as determined from the Clausius-Mosotti equation and those calculated from the sum of oxide polarizabilities according to α_D(mineral) = Σ_(αD)(oxides) for this group of spinels ranges from + 1.1 to + 3.2%, well above the agreement value of 0.5–1.0% found for well-behaved oxides. Possible reasons for these discrepancies are discussed.
Clearwater: A Case Study in Curricular Innovation and School Reform

This case traces a middle school's involvement in curricular innovation and school reform. Beginning with curricular innovations in one classroom, educational reform eventually spreads through the entire sixth grade and beyond. Although the changes gain community and student support, teachers at the other grade levels are resistant and resentful of efforts to expand it further, placing the school culture in crisis. The principal is caught in the middle--his espoused values, pressure from veteran teachers, evidence of effectiveness, and budgetary constraints all tugging at him from different directions. The case, which raises a variety of important issues for aspiring leaders, can be analyzed from several theoretical perspectives (e.g., curricular, organizational, social, political and cultural), making it an excellent example of the complexities and layers that are typically embedded in school dilemmas.
When Race Matters: Teachers' Evaluations of Students' Classroom Behavior:

Past studies have noted that black students' classroom behavior is rated more favorably by black teachers than by white teachers. This pattern could be a function of white teachers' bias—rating bla...
TCP throughput and timeout - steady state and time-varying dynamics

While many models of TCP's dynamics have been developed, few focus on the effects of timeout and high loss probability. Active queue management (AQM) is an important application of these dynamic models. However, recent work has shown that AQM provides little performance benefit over drop-tail queueing for HTTP traffic, except, possibly, at high utilizations. It is at these utilizations that the dynamic models of TCP are the least accurate. The paper presents a dynamic model of TCP that accurately models timeout. This model is also applicable to the static case. The paper also presents a model of the variance and the distribution of the congestion window. It is shown that, while the dynamics of the mean value of the congestion window are rather mild, the dynamics of timeout display large oscillations that take several seconds to decay. These oscillations cause the average bit-rate also to oscillate wildly. The paper includes results from several million simulations providing a detailed view of the dynamics of timeout.
Female Participation in the Informal Economy: A Neglected Issue

The author examines three questions: how much females participate in the informal economy; why they participate; and what the policy implications of their participation are. In the process of examining these issues, the author develops a behavioral theory of female participation, involving exit, voice, loyalty, and dual loyalty, following Hirschman's work. Using three measures—the number of individuals; the amount of time; and dollars—she finds that women participate in the informal economy as much as, and probably more than, men do. In the course of trying to explain why females participate in the informal economy, she discusses a variety of different explanations and then rejects them because they are too value laden and/or they make too many assumptions. Finally, she discusses the policy implications of more and more women having dual loyalty, such as the need for government-regulated, safe day care, and the need for revising the definition of labor force participation to reflect some of the informal a...
A perspective: Metatranscriptomics as a tool for the discovery of novel biocatalysts

In this mini-review, advantages and current bottlenecks of metatranscriptomic-sequencing for the discovery of novel enzymes for biotechnological applications will be discussed. Comparison of this innovative approach to traditional metagenomic-sequencing will illustrate that expression profiling has a promising future as a direct and very efficient method for the discovery of novel biocatalysts, even from complex microbial communities.
Distribution and Abundance of Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) Within Hemlock Trees

We studied the distribution of hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), within hemlock trees for three summer (progrediens) and two winter (sistens) generations in northern Georgia. Eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere, trees were treated with 0, 10, or 25% of 1.5 g of imidacloprid per 2.5 cm of tree diameter at breast height and fertilized or not in a factorial design. Adelgid ovisacs per centimeter of branch were more abundant from June 2007 to June 2008 in the upper tree crown of insecticide untreated trees and when all trees were combined and that was the general trend for most comparisons. However, ovisacs were more abundant in the lower crown of insecticide treated trees in June 2008. More sistens nymphs settled on the upper crown branches than on the lower branches in summers 2007 and 2008. Higher eggs per ovisac were observed in the upper crown in February 2008 and in both the winter and summer 2009. In contrast, adelgids were more fecund in the lower crown in June 2008. On fertilized trees, eggs laid per adult were higher in the upper crown in February 2008. In summer 2008, eggs per ovisac were higher in the lower crown, but this reversed again to the upper crown by summer 2009. New growth of branches also varied among sample dates. These data demonstrate the variable distribution of adelgid and hemlock growth within trees over time and suggest that sampling only one crown area will not provide accurate estimates of adelgid densities.
A 467nW CMOS visual motion sensor with temporal averaging and pixel aggregation

Visual monitoring with CMOS image sensors opens up a variety of new applications for wireless sensor nodes, ranging from military surveillance to in vivo molecular imaging. In particular, the ability to detect motion can enable more intelligent power management through on-demand duty cycling and reduced data-retention requirements. Conventional imager designs focus on achieving higher resolution, frame rate [1], or dynamic range [2], resulting in power consumption levels that are unsuitable for battery-powered wireless sensor nodes [3].
On the Aesthetics and Ideology of the Indian Documentary Film A Conversation

Understanding Indian documentary film as aesthetic practice and as a set of historical traditions has usually taken second place to political and ideological judgments about filmic significance. However these judgments usually refer to the Indian context exclusively, and ignore the wider global context. We can distinguish two broad trends in the history of documentary film, one that critiqued naive realism and treated the cinema as a means of self-empowerment for the masses, and the other, that regarded the masses as the object of modernization practices. Both these trends have a shared history, of course, namely, the rise of the masses as a political force, which posed the problem of how the masses/"the people" should be represented, as subject or as object. Assumptions about realism flowed from the his- torical resolution of this issue in a given context, and changed quite slowly. In the Indian context, they provided the basis for a system where the funding and circulation of documentaries occurred within a complex web of identity and patronage. These assumptions are increasingly coming under scrutiny, due to the pressure of at least three developments: market forces that foreground popular appeal rather than verifiable fact; historical events such as the emergence of the Hindutva documentary that mobilize the presence of invisible worlds to political advantage; and the growing influence of global circuits of funding and exhibition, along with a proliferation of more diverse local spaces, that provide room for a greater range of artistic practice. This article, written as a conversation, discusses these developments and offers some arguments about the ideology and aesthetics of the documentary cinema.
Fluoroscopy use and left anterior descending artery angiography to guide transapical access in patients with prior cardiac surgery.

Abstract Background Patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) and prior cardiac surgery undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR) are at high risk. Transapical AVR might reduce the risk in patients not suitable for the transfemoral approach. We aimed to describe the fluoroscopy and left anterior descending artery (LAD) angiography guidance technique for transapical AVR access and the initial related procedural results. Methods Patients with severe AS and prior cardiac surgery undergoing transapical AVR using LAD angiographic-guided apical puncture were analyzed ( n =9). Additional guidance was added to the standard technique as follows. Minithoracotomy was performed at the level of the intercostal space in closer relationship to the apex identified by fluoroscopy. LAD angiography was performed at the time that the area of interest was recognized by radiopaque marker to ensure puncture lateral to the LAD. Apical needle puncture was performed under fluoroscopy guidance directed towards the aortic root. Results The population had a mean age of 83 years and was more frequently male (89%) with a high-risk profile (mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons score of 11%). Two patients received the 23-mm Edwards SAPIEN valve, and seven patients received the 26-mm SAPIEN device. All nine patients underwent successful implantation of transcatheter aortic valves with virtual abolishment of transaortic gradient, without procedural complications. Conclusion Fluoroscopy and angiography for guidance of the transapical approach facilitate a safe and rapid access to the apex, insuring no risk of damage to the LAD or to large diagonals.
Retrospect of Hematologic Malignancies 2010

manuscripts derived from the presentations at the Hematologic Malignancies 2010 Conference and includes full articles from 22 of the Participating Faculty along with a compilation of the abstracts submitted for poster presentation, providing an opportunity for those unable to attend the meeting to review some of the leading information in the field. The submitted manuscripts and abstracts cover a broad range of topics including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia,acutemyeloidleukemia,myelodysplasticsyndromes,multiple myeloma, myeloproliferative disorders, rare leukemias, nonHodgkin lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and other topics. This collection of articles is representative of the material presented at the conference, and hopefully will transmit the sense of innovation and progress that has been made in the study of hematologic malignancies, and will provide a view of future developments in the management of the more common solid malignancies in man.
Anticipating partners' responses: examining item and source memory following interactive exchanges.

Within the context of an interactive anagram-solving task, the present studies tested predictions about the role of cognitive anticipation in both source and item memory. After working in pairs to solve anagram problems, participants were surprised by a source-monitoring test focused on the source of solutions (self vs. partner, Experiment 1) or a standard recognition test focused on the solutions themselves (Experiment 2). With the intention of affecting the opportunity to anticipate partners’ solutions, two variables were manipulated: anagram difficulty (easy vs. hard) and the delay between the presentation of an anagram problem and the prompt that designated one member of each pair as the anagram solver. Consistent with predictions, as the opportunity to anticipate partners’ solutions increased, there was a decrease in source accuracy suggesting increased confusion about whether the solution had been self- or partner-generated. Generation-effect failures were observed in item memory. However, these failures reflected increases in item memory for partners’ responses rather than decreases in memory for self-generated ones. These studies suggest that when opportunities to anticipate partners’ responses are available, self-generative activities may be associated with both selfand partner-generated items, influencing the expression of the generation effect.
“We’re Going Through a Lot of Struggles That People Don’t Even Know About” The Need to Understand African American Males’ Help-Seeking for Mental Health on Multiple Levels

Young adult Black males face challenges related to addressing their mental health needs, yet there is much more to know about their help-seeking experiences. Twenty-seven Black males, recruited from four community-based organizations, participated in four focus groups to explore perceptions of help-seeking for mental health. Identified themes, which function at individual, social network, community, and health care system levels, may facilitate or hinder Black males' mental health help-seeking. Themes included (a) "taking care of it oneself" as opposed to seeking help from someone; (b) issues engaging sources of help, including the ability to trust providers or the relationship closeness with social network members; and (c) "tipping points" that activate help-seeking to avert crises. Study findings provide initial evidence about the importance of addressing mental health interventions for Black males on multiple levels beyond the individual including engaging men's social supports, community, and the health care system.
Similar Genetic Basis of Resistance to Bt Toxin Cry1Ac in Boll-Selected and Diet-Selected Strains of Pink Bollworm

Genetically engineered cotton and corn plants producing insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins kill some key insect pests. Yet, evolution of resistance by pests threatens long-term insect control by these transgenic Bt crops. We compared the genetic basis of resistance to Bt toxin Cry1Ac in two independently derived, laboratory-selected strains of a major cotton pest, the pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella [Saunders]). The Arizona pooled resistant strain (AZP-R) was started with pink bollworm from 10 field populations and selected with Cry1Ac in diet. The Bt4R resistant strain was started with a longterm susceptible laboratory strain and selected first with Bt cotton bolls and later with Cry1Ac in diet. Previous work showed that AZP-R had three recessive mutations (r1, r2, and r3) in the pink bollworm cadherin gene (PgCad1) linked with resistance to Cry1Ac and Bt cotton producing Cry1Ac. Here we report that inheritance of resistance to a diagnostic concentration of Cry1Ac was recessive in Bt4R. In interstrain complementation tests for allelism, F1 progeny from crosses between AZP-R and Bt4R were resistant to Cry1Ac, indicating a shared resistance locus in the two strains. Molecular analysis of the Bt4R cadherin gene identified a novel 15-bp deletion (r4) predicted to cause the loss of five amino acids upstream of the Cry1Ac-binding region of the cadherin protein. Four recessive mutations in PgCad1 are now implicated in resistance in five different strains, showing that mutations in cadherin are the primary mechanism of resistance to Cry1Ac in laboratory-selected strains of pink bollworm from Arizona.
Science Signaling Podcast: 2 December 2014

This Podcast features an interview with Shulamit Michaeli, senior author of a Research Article that appears in the 2 September 2014 issue of Science Signaling , about a kinase that9s important for a parasite to respond to stress. Trypanosoma brucei is the unicellular parasite that causes African sleeping sickness and, like other trypanosomes, transcribes multiple genes as a single polycistronic RNA that is processed to yield individual mature mRNAs. A common 5′ leader sequence that is spliced onto each of these mRNAs is required for their translation. Therefore, the parasite can switch off production of new proteins by inhibiting production of the 5′ leader or its splicing onto mRNAs. Hope et al . found that the kinase PK3 translocates from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the nucleus when the parasite experiences prolonged ER stress. In the nucleus, PK3 inhibits expression of the leader sequence, thus inhibiting the production of mRNAs and synthesis of new proteins.
On NonGaussian Signal Detection and Channel Capacity

This paper contains a discussion of some recent research in signal detection and communications. No proofs are included; the emphasis is on motivation and results. Some precise definitions and results are contained in the Appendix. For a more detailed discussion and additional results, reference is made to [8,9,10] for the signal detection problems, and to [7,8] for the channel capacity problems. The present paper is couched in terms of problems in underwater acoustics; as will be seen, the models and results are of general applicability.
A new cost‐distance model for human accessibility and an evaluation of accessibility bias in permanent vegetation plots in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA

Question: Can a new cost-distance model help us to evaluate the potential for accessibility bias in ecological observations? How much accessibility bias is present in the vegetation monitoring plots accumulated over the last three decades in Great Smoky Mountains National Park? Location: Great Smoky Mountains National Park, North Carolina and Tennessee, USA. Methods: Distance, slope, stream crossings, and vegetation density were incorporated into a least-cost model of energetic expenditure for human access to locations. Results: Estimated round-trip energy costs for the park ranged from 0 to 1.62� 10 5 Jk g � 1 . The estimated roundtrip energetic expenditure for the surveys ranged from 53 to 1.51� 10 5 Jk g � 1 . Their distribution was more accessible than the random expectation. Ten (17%) of the vegetation types in the park are significantly undersampled relative to their area, and 16 (29%) are oversampled. Plots in 18 of the 40 vegetation types exhibited a significant positive correlation with accessibility. Conclusions: The least-cost model is an improvement over previous attempts to quantify accessibility. The bias in plot locations suggests using a least-cost model to test for bias in cases in which human accessibility is confounded with other sources of ecosystem variation.
Parry arc: a polarization lidar, ray-tracing, and aircraft case study.

Using simple ray-tracing simulations, the cause of the rare Parry arc has been linked historically to horizontally oriented columns that display the peculiar ability to fall with a pair of prism faces closely parallel to the ground. Although we understand the aerodynamic forces that orient the long-column axis in the horizontal plane, which gives rise to the relatively common tangent arcs of the 22° halo, the mechanism leading to the Parry crystal orientation has never been resolved adequately. On 16 November 1998, at the University of Utah Facility for Atmospheric Remote Sensing, we studied a cirrus cloud producing a classic upper Parry arc using polarization lidar and an aircraft with a new high-resolution ice crystal imaging probe. Scanning lidar data, which reveal extremely high linear depolarization ratios δ a few degrees off the zenith direction, are simulated with ray-tracing theory to determine the ice crystal properties that reproduce this previously unknown behavior. It is found that a limited range of thick-plate crystal axis (length-to-diameter) ratios from ∼0.75 to 0.93 generates a maximum δ ≈ 2.0–5.0 for vertically polarized 0.532-µm light when the lidar is tilted 1°–2° off the zenith. Halo simulations based on these crystal properties also generate a Parry arc. However, although such particles are abundant in the in situ data in the height interval indicated by the lidar, one still has to invoke an aerodynamic stabilization force to produce properly oriented particles. Although we speculate on a possible mechanism, further research is needed into this new explanation for the Parry arc.
Laser gram load adjust for improved disk drive performance

A new manufacturing technology for enabling tight distribution of magnetic recording slider flying heights and lower slider disk spacings is described. The technique uses high intensity laser radiation to increase or decrease the suspension preload on the slider to change the flying height. The technique can be employed for tightening gram load or flying height distributions, contact avoidance or to adjust the magnetic recording capabilities of the disk drive.
Effects of proliferation, maturation, and desiccation methods on conversion of soybean somatic embryos

Cermination of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] somatic embryos and conversion to whole plants are generally low. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of proliferation, maturation, and desiccation methods on conversion of soybean somatic embryos to plants. Soybean cv. Jack somatic embryos, proliferated on a solid medium containing 90.5 μM (20 mgl−1) 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2.4-D) (MSD20), showed a regeneration rate signficantly higher than those proliferated in a liquid medium containing 45.25 μM (10mgl−1) 2,4-D (FN Lite). When a liquid medium without 2,4-D and B5 vitamins (FN Superlite) was used for maturation, the duration of time necessary for embryo development could be shortened by more than a month compared to maturation on a standard solid medium (MSM6AC). An air-drying method, in which somatic embryos were desiccated in an empty sealed Petri dish for 3–5d, gave rise to the best germination efficiency among the four desiccation methods tested: fast, slow, air, and KCl methods. The final percentage of moisture seems important since embyros over-dried by the fast and slow methods did not convert well into plants.
Robustness methodology to aid multiobjective decision making in the electricity generation capacity expansion problem to minimize cost and water withdrawal

Abstract This paper deals with the electricity generation capacity expansion problem to minimize cost and water withdrawal. Each solution prescribes locations and technologies for new power plants, and their designed capacities. A two-stage methodology is proposed to aid decision making by identifying the few alternatives from the many efficient solutions that are robust to uncertainties. The first stage finds solutions that are efficient in view of cost and water withdrawal objectives. The second stage finds the subset of first-stage solutions that are robust when the designed capacities of power plants are subjected to uncertainties at the time of their construction. The methodology is applied in a case study for the electrical grid in Texas, USA. The trade-off among technologies and locations, and the effect of uncertainty are considered to answer strategic questions for expansion planning. Experimental results suggest that the methodology prescribes locations, capacities and type of technologies for new power plants in Texas that tend to maintain their prescribed values of cost and water withdrawal when facing unforeseen implementation conditions, while satisfying the required generation capacity.
Abstract #5598: Nanoparticle-mediated heating of prostate cancer cells: Does the method of heating matter?

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO Magnetic nanoparticles have emerged recently as a promising platform for the selective delivery of heat for cancer. When exposed to an alternating magnetic field (AMF), the particles generate heat that depends upon the type of particles, their concentration, and the properties of the AMF. While the dose-dependent effects of heat on cancer cells are generally well documented, little information exists to establish the biologic effects of heat dose and response from nanoparticle-mediated heat delivery, alone or when combined with radiation. Such information is fundamental to the eventual clinical use of this technology. We present results of a comparative study of the heat dose-response of (PC-3) prostate cancer cells to three different forms of heating: 1) Conventional, using water bath exposure for defined time-temperature doses; 2) Particle-mediated \#8220;interstitial\#8221; heating; and, 3) Nanoparticle-mediated intracellular heating. For each, samples were also exposed to 2- or 5-Gy doses of ionizing radiation for varying heat doses. Cell survival was quantified by clonogenic assay. For all nanoparticle-mediated heating, an AMF system was designed and fabricated to produce a field with homogeneous flux density (<+/- 10%) in a volume able to accommodate a variety of cell culture vessels, having variable amplitude between 100 to 500 Oersteds at about 150 kHz. Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-dextran particles (100 nm) that were not targeted to the cells generated an \#8220;interstitial\#8221; heat dose by heating the cell media. For intracellular heating, 100 nm citrate-stabilized iron oxide particles were developed. The latter particles were rapidly ingested by the PC-3 cells. In all cases, temperature was monitored at one-second intervals with RF-resistant optical fiber temperature probes. The iron content of the cell cultures, necessary to establish a particle-dependent heat dose, was measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Microscopy techniques - electron and light - with appropriate staining were used to confirm the distribution of particles in the cell cultures. The combination of low-dose heating with 5 Gy radiation produced a measurable dose-dependent cytoxicity as the heat dose increased, even for heat doses that were insufficiently cytotoxic alone. On the other hand, the addition of heat to 2 Gy dose had little effect. Differences were observed with nanoparticle-mediated heating when compared with the water bath heating. These results and their implications are discussed. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 5598.