cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of calorie restriction on cardioprotection and cardiovascular health

Multiple health benefits of calorie restriction (CR) and alternate day fasting (ADF) regimens are widely recognized. Experimental data concerning the effects of calorie restriction on cardiac health are more controversial, ranging from evidence that ADF protects heart from ischemic damage but results in developing of diastolic dysfunction, to reports that CR ameliorates the age-associated diastolic dysfunction. Here we investigated the effects of chronic CR on morphology and function of the cardiovascular system of aged rats and cardioprotective effect of CR against ischemic damage in the experimental rat model of MI. Cardiovascular fitness of 24-month old Fisher 344 rats maintained through life on ad libitum (AL) or CR diets was extensively evaluated via echocardiography, dobutamine stress test, pressure-volume loop analyses, pulse wave velocity measurements, and histology. Groups of 2-month old AL and 29-month old CR rats were studied for comparison. Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced by a permanent ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery in 5-month old rats maintained for 3 months on CR or AL. MI size was evaluated histologically 24 hrs following coronary ligation. Cardiac remodeling was followed-up via echocardiography. Age-associated changes in 24-month old rats consisted of 33% increase of fibrosis in the myocardium and more than 2 fold increase of the collagen in the tunica media of the aorta. There was a significant decrease in the density and total number of cardiomyocytes, while their size was increased. These morphological changes were manifested in a decline of systolic and diastolic cardiac function, increase of left ventricular and aortic stiffness, and arterio-ventricular uncoupling. Tachycardic response to dobutamine challenge was absent in the old rats. Compared to AL rats, 24-month old CR rats had reduced levels of cardiac and aortic fibrosis, increased density of cardiomyocytes that were smaller in size, attenuated diastolic dysfunction, normal systolic function and arterio-ventricular coupling. Tachycardic response to dobutamine was also intact in CR 24-month old rats and aortic stiffness was reduced. Adjustment for body weight differences through ratiometric or allometric scaling did not affect the overall pattern of differences between AL and CR rats. Attenuation of morphological and functional age-associated changes in 24-month old CR rats either was not observed at all or was smaller in 29-month old CR rats. Size of MI induced by a permanent coronary ligation as well as post-MI cardiac remodeling and function were similar in CR and AL rats. CR does not increase tolerance of myocardium to ischemic damage, but attenuates the age-associated changes in the heart and major vessels. The attenuation of age-associated changes by CR cannot be explained by the effect of lower body weight but are attributable to more intimate cellular mechanisms of CR itself. Attenuation of age-associated changes by CR waned with advancing age, and is consistent with the idea that CR postponed senescence.
A Variety of Configurations for Incorporating Actuation Components into the Structural Members of a CubeSat

This paper describes the volume and mass challenges faced by designers utilizing the CubeSat form factor. It has considers the need to more effectively utilize the corner-spaces of the CubeSat, particularly when there is a need to incorporate narrow and long structures. It discusses several prospective approaches for incorporating long and narrow structures into a CubeSat and considers the prospective value of doing so.
Photochemistry of monomethylated and permethylated bacteriorhodopsin

Methylation of the nonactive site lysines of bacteriorhodopsin to form permethylated bacteriorhodopsin does not interfere with the formation of the short wavelength intermediate M412 or light-induced proton release/uptake. The absorption spectrum is similar to that of the native bacteriorhodopsin. However, additional monomethylation of the active site lysine of bacteriorhodopsin causes a red shift of the absorption maximum from 568 nm in light-adapted bacteriorhodopsin [BR] to 630 nm. The photochemistry of active-site methylated BR does not proceed beyond the L-photointermediate. In particular, the photointermediate corresponding to M412 does not form, and there is no proton pumping. Moreover, there is no tyrosine deprotonation. Thus, the formation of an M-type photointermediate is required for proton pumping by BR.
Contemporary etiology, outcomes, and therapy in pediatric myocarditis

Abstract Myocarditis comprises a large proportion of pediatric cardiomyopathies. Viruses most commonly cause pediatric myocarditis but the diagnosed frequency of specific viruses that are responsible for pediatric myocarditis continues to evolve over time. A recent Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry (PCMR) analysis in the largest group of pediatric myocarditis patients ever studied confirmed that the most common outcome in pediatric myocarditis is cardiac recovery, but a substantial group of patients die or require heart transplantation after contracting the disease. A limited number of biomarkers associated both good (recovery) and poor (death or transplantation) outcomes could be identified. Immunosuppressive/immunomodulating therapy for pediatric myocarditis remains controversial with both proponents and adversaries. While small case series have shown benefit of these therapies in pediatric myocarditis, the high rate of spontaneous improvement with supportive care may make the definitive proof of efficacy in future clinical trials problematic. The effect of immune globulin on the outcome of pediatric myocarditis is uncertain. Myocarditis is the underlying disease leading to heart transplantation in a considerable number of children, but recent evidence from the PCMR and Pediatric Heart Transplant Study (PHTS) merged dataset suggests that their outcomes are poorer than for other cardiomyopathies after transplant. The increased availability of pediatric ventricular assist devices in North America may provide an opportunity to more effectively bridge critically ill myocarditis patients to transplantation and, more dramatically, to recovery.
Medium-range order in silicon oxycarbide glass by fluctuation electron microscopy

Silicon oxycarbide is a metastable material that has generated interest because of the great flexibility in properties that is attainable with a mixture of divalent and tetravalent anions within the network structure. In addition to the network bonding, however, these materials have also exhibited a strong propensity to include carbon–carbon bonding—so-called 'free carbon'—within the structure regardless of synthesis method. While evidence for the presence of free carbon is overwhelming, traditional diffraction characterization methods have been unable to definitively identify ordering or segregation in the material. Fluctuation electron microscopy (FEM) is a relatively new transmission electron microscopy technique that is specifically sensitive to medium-range order, which is ordered bonding on the length scale of roughly 8–50 A. We utilize this method to identify semi-ordered bonding present in silicon oxycarbide thin films deposited by reactive rf sputtering over a wide composition range. These results indicate that the use of FEM can be extended to materials which are compositionally heterogeneous at the nano-scale. We show evidence of clusters approximately 1.8 nm in diameter that exhibit correlations similar to the bonding in turbostratic carbon.
COMMUNITY COLLEGE WITHDRAWAL DECISIONS: STUDENT CHARACTERISTICS AND SUBSEQUENT REENROLLMENT PATTERNS

The Withdrawing / Nonreturning Student Survey was completed by 208 community college students over a six‐semester period. Student responses were analyzed to determine reasons for the withdrawal decision, the relationship of student characteristics to these reasons, and the subsequent implementation of reenrollment intent over 1 to 3 years. Student characteristics, including gender and ethnicity, demonstrated significant relationships to withdrawal decisions, with women reporting more health, family, and emotional reasons and men reporting nonchallenging coursework. Minority withdrawals were related to multiple academic and social factors, as well as transportation problems, which may be institution‐specific or may be associated with lower socioeconomic status. Course completion rates and grade point averages (GPAs) were greater for academically prepared students and stop‐outs. GPAs were lower for men and students reporting budgeting problems. Reenroll‐ment plans at withdrawal did not accurately predict su...
Malaria retinopathy and cerebellitis in a 9-year-old boy in the United States

Malarial retinopathy is characterized by retinal whitening, vessel change, and hemorrhages usually associated with a white center. We present the case of a 9-year-old boy who presented with a systemic Plasmodium falciparum infection, hemorrhagic cerebellitis and malarial retinopathy characterized by “fire flare” hemorrhages (scleral icterus with subconjunctival hemorrhages), Roth spot–like hemorrhages, and subhyaloid hemorrhage. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of hemorrhagic cerebellitis secondary to P. falciparum infection in the United States.
Phosphatidylcholine as the choline donor in sphingomyelin synthesis.

Sphingomyelin synthesis was studied in cultured Novikoff rat hepatoma cells by following transfer of [14C]choline label into sphingomyelin (SPH). The study was facilitated by the fact that prelabeling of the cells with [Methyl-14C]choline resulted in rapid accumulation of essentially all the label (≈95%) in phosphatidylcholine (PC). The redistribution of PC label during a 15-hr chase was dependent upon the extracellular choline concentration. Under conditions of free choline diffusion (500 μM choline), loss of lable from PC was most pronounced, and the percentage of total radioactivity that became trapped in the extracellular water-soluble choline pool was an order of magnitude greater than in low choline medium (27 μM choline). Despite the significant loss of water-soluble label from the cells in high choline medium, SPH labeling proceeded at essentially the same rate at either choline concentration. During the label chase in 500 μM choline, the specific radioactivity of PC decreased, but the specific radioactivity of SPH continued to increase for 9–12 hr until it reached the specific radioactivity of PC. In the presence of 300 μM neophenoxine (NPO), transfer of label from PC into SPH was stimulated. NPO also decreased the specific radioactivity of PC to about the same extent as that of SPH was increased. Because transfer of choline label from PC to SPH was not affected by loss or dilution of water-soluble precursors, and because the specific radioactivity of PC and SPH, in the absence or presence of NPO, responded in a characteristic precursor product fashion, we conclude that sphingomyelin synthesis in Novikoff cells circumvents the water-soluble choline pool and that phosphatidylcholine serves as the immediate choline source. All our data support the phosphatidylcholine:ceramide cholinephosphotransferase pathway of sphingomyelin synthesis.
Assessing readiness to change the balance of responsibility for managing type 1 diabetes mellitus: adolescent, mother, and father perspectives.

Kaugars AS, Kichler JC, Alemzadeh R. Assessing readiness to change the balance of responsibility for managing type 1 diabetes mellitus: adolescent, mother, and father perspectives. Objective: This study examined the reliability and validity of items assessing adolescent and parent readiness to change the balance of responsibility for managing type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods: Sixty-nine adolescents with T1DM and their caregivers completed questionnaires assessing readiness to change the balance of responsibility, division of responsibility for diabetes management tasks, self-efficacy, and parenting stress. Stages of change classifications were determined for individual respondents and families. Results: Participant inclusion in the different readiness to change classifications was associated with the variability in scores for indices of responsibility, self-efficacy, and parenting stress. Adolescent, maternal, and paternal characteristics accounted for differing amounts of variance in predicting readiness to change the balance of responsibility scores. Conclusions: Individual assessment of youth and caregivers' readiness to change the balance of responsibility for diabetes management tasks may be beneficial to providers during the youths' transition from adolescence to young adulthood.
Analytical solutions for minimization of energy use for groundwater pumping

[1] Analytical solutions are obtained for optimization formulations that minimize energy used for groundwater pumping. The formulations choose pumping rates at groundwater wells while insuring that total pumpage meets a specified demand. Such formulations might be appropriate for an urban water supply or a large−scale agricultural irrigation system. Solutions are found by applying stationarity conditions. The solutions produce simple and physically meaningful requirements on drawdowns at each well. Under certain conditions, pumping rates are optimal when the sum of the nonpumping lift and two times the drawdown at each pumping well takes a constant value across the domain. The results are examined for steady and transient conditions. The results are based on only a few assumptions on the modeled system: the response of drawdown with head is linear, and all pumping activity occurs during the same time periods. Implications of these results for well field operation are suggested.
Properties of blends containing petroleum jelly and 4‐methyl‐pentene‐1 (TPX‐RT‐D30)

The properties of 4-methyl-pentene-1 polymer (TPX-RT-D30) were altered by blending petroleum jelly (P.J.) with the polymer. The polymer was blended with up to 40% by weight P. J. The plasticization of the polymer by the P. J. apparently allows high molecular weight fractions of the polymer to crystallize and influences the crystalline size and perfection. Tensile properties of the blends showed both a break and yield value in all ratios as compared to only a break value for the pure polymer. Breaking strength ranged from 4000 psi for the polymer to 1000 psi at 40% P. J. The samples had a “necking down” effect at 10% P. J. Modulus decreased from 1.8 × 104 (literature value 2.1 × 105) to 2.3 × 104 at 40% P. J. Brittle point values varied from above room temperature to 5°C at 40% P. J. The Vicat softening point ranged from 181°C for the polymer to 87°C at 40% P. J. Differential thermal analysis (Stone) showed a melting point depression from 235°C to 218°C at 40% P. J.
Digital PID controller design using ARX estimation

This paper describes a comprehensive methodology to obtain reduced-order models that satisfy the Prett-Garcia digital PID tuning rules, using prefiltered AutoRegressive with eXternal input (ARX) estimation as a basis. The Prett-Garcia tuning rules possess the advantage that they systematically relate all the controller parameters to the plant model and a low-pass filter with a single adjustable parameter, which directly influences the closed-loop speed-of-response. Furthermore, these rules avoid the problems of intersample rippling, excessive overshoot and undershoot that are a consequence of sampling. The essential aspect of the estimation method is the selection of the prefilter, which allows the reduced model to retain those plant characteristics that have the most effect on closed-loop system behavior. The design of the prefilter is performed systematically using the engineer's desired control requirements and the setpoint/disturbance characteristics of the problem. The benefits of this method are shown for a variety of simulated plants, which include a fourth-order system, plants with time delay and integrators, and a plant with zeros outside the unit circle.
Patterns of Urination and Rub-Urination in Female White-Tailed Deer

Urination and rub-urination frequencies of three free-ranging white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) were observed over a 9-month period to determine circannual and diurnal variations. Normal urination averaged 8.7/day while rub-urination averaged 1.2/day. Rub-urination most frequently occurred at night. Our observations support previous findings that urine is the primary source of the tarsal scent, and that frequent rub-urination onto the tarsal gland is necessary to maintain semiochemical cues.
Processing & Characterization Of Thin Films Of SiO 2 On Si For Integrated Circuits

Experimental studies of the low temperature (800° C) processing and characterization of thermally grown films of SiO2 on Si in the thickness range of 1 to 20 nm is reported here. Breakdown voltage, High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Electrolyte Electro Reflectance (EER), single wavelength and Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE) techniques have been employed to characterize these films. Nearly Free Electron (NFE) model such as that of Penn is then employed to interpret the energies corresponding to the peak in the EER SE spectra.
Pheochromocytoma of the urinary bladder: A broad clinical spectrum

Abstract A case of pheochromocytoma of the urinary bladder is reported, and 35 previously reported cases are analyzed. This interesting entity can present with symptoms of catecholamine excess and severe hypertensive spells (often micturition-induced) or as asymptomatic hematuria without hypertension. The present case represents the severest end of the clinical spectrum, with advancing acute retinopathy and visual loss, very high blood pressure and greatly increased catecholamine excretion. Several special precautions were utilized during diagnostic studies and surgery. On the whole, prognosis is excellent in nonmalignant cases properly handled, and the location of the tumor provides opportunity for early case finding and complete cure.
Three members of one family with the phenotype i; one with an anti-I antibody.

In 1956, the anti-I antibody was first described in connection with a cold hemolytic anemia. Since that time, healthy individuals have been found with the anti-I antibody and the phenotype i. The anti-I antibody reacts best at 4 C. and weakly or not at all with cord blood and erythrocytes of known phenotype i. The I antigen is unstable with increasing age of the cell. Survival study with I incompatible erythrocytes labeled with Cr51 is reported for the first time and shows a T1/2 of 6.5 days. The identification of the anti-I antibody in this patient and subsequent typing of his family has supplied three names for the rare donor file. A complete family study would be of interest and could possibly further establish evidence of genetic control of the Ii antigens.
The effect of adding oral dexamethasone to feed alterations on the airway cell inflammatory gene expression in stabled horses affected with recurrent airway obstruction.

Background: Chemokine expression in airway epithelium and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells of horses with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) is increased. Hypothesis: For RAO-affected horses that are stabled and fed a pelleted ration, the addition of oral dexamethasone further improves pulmonary function and reduces inflammatory gene expression in pulmonary cells. Animals: Twelve RAO-affected horses. Methods: In a randomized cross-over experiment, the effect of feeding pellets in lieu of hay to stabled, RAO-affected horses was compared with the effect of feeding pellets and administering a 21-day decreasing dose regimen of oral dexamethasone on the expression (by kinetic polymerase chain reaction) of interleukin-8 (IL-8), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2), IL-1β, IL-6, and β-actin in the BALF cells and of IL-8, CXCL2, 2 IL-1 receptor (IL-1R2), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in the bronchial epithelium 2 days after the final dose. Results: Both treatments reduced airway neutrophilia and breathing efforts but the addition of dexamethasone was associated with fewer treatment failures. Compared with feed changes alone, dexamethasone administration further reduced the expression of IL-8, CXCL2, and IL-1β in the BALF cells 3.3-, 2.5-, and 4.7-fold, respectively. In the airway epithelium, both treatments were equally efficacious in reducing the expression of IL-8 and CXCL2 expression relative to pretreatment values, but either treatment failed to alter the expression of IL-1R2 and TLR4. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: For a rapid and consistent improvement in pulmonary function and a reduction in inflammatory gene expression of the BALF cells, a decreasing dose of oral dexamethasone in combination with feed alterations is more efficacious for horses that must remain stabled.
Propelling AMPTE into orbit

Three types of propulsion - liquid, solid and cold gas - were used to get the three AMPTE (Active Magnetospheric Particle Tracer Explorers) spacecraft into their operational orbits. The booster, a thrust-augmented DELTA, placed the 1028 kg (2267 lb) international payload into a 555 km x 8.78 Re x 28.7 deg transfer orbit. Solids carried aloft by two of the spacecraft were then fired to tilt one orbit and elevate the other. Cold gas provided two of the spacecraft with torquing capabilities for attitude maneuvering. All told, it took 12 solid, 2 liquid and 2 cold gas propulsion units to get the three AMPTE spacecraft off the ground and into their operational orbits. The relationships between all of them and the manner in which they were utilized on August 16, 1984 the day of the launch - are discussed here.
Patterns of brain electrical activity in infants of depressed mothers who breastfeed and bottle feed: the mediating role of infant temperament

Successful breastfeeding involves a dyadic interaction between a mother and her infant. The present study was designed to examine the association between breastfeeding and temperament in infants of depressed mothers. Seventy-eight mothers, 31 who were depressed, and their infants participated. Depressed mothers who had stable breastfeeding patterns were less likely to have infants with highly reactive temperaments. Multivariate analyses of variances (MANOVAs) showed that infants of depressed mothers who breastfed did not show the frontal asymmetry patterns, i.e., left frontal hypoactivity, previously reported. Moreover, breastfeeding stability, even in depressed mothers, was related to more positive dyadic interactions. Finally, a model was supported, in which the effects of maternal depression on infant feeding are mediated by infant frontal EEG asymmetry and infant temperament. These findings could provide a foundation for developing intervention techniques, employing breastfeeding promotion and support, directed toward attenuating the affective and physiological dysregulation already noted in infants of depressed mothers.
Efficient Deterministic Replay of Multithreaded Executions in a Managed Language Virtual Machine

Shared-memory parallel programs are inherently nondeterministic, making it difficult to diagnose rare bugs and to achieve deterministic execution. Existing multithreaded record & replay approaches have serious limitations such as relying on custom hardware, handling only data-race-free executions, or slowing programs by an order of magnitude. Furthermore, language virtual machines (VMs) such as Java VMs (JVMs) introduce various sources of nondeterminism that thwart demonstrating deterministic replay.This paper introduces an approach for multithreaded record & replay based on tracking and reproducing shared-memory dependences accurately and efficiently. Building on prior work that introduces an efficient dependence recorder, we develop a new analysis for replaying dependences. To demonstrate multithreaded record & replay, we modify a JVM to support a new methodology that enables demonstrating and evaluating replay in the inherently nondeterministic JVM. Overall, the performance of both recorded and replayed executions compares favorably with performance reported by prior work for competing record & replay approaches.
A reliability tradeoff study of interconnecting power processors to mercury ion thrusters

A Monte Carlo mission simulation program has been developed to optimize the solar electric propulsion (SEP) thrust subsystem configuration for an Encke comet rendezvous mission. This program examines several possible options for interconnecting power processors to the mercury ion thrusters in order to enhance mission reliability and to reduce SEP subsystem weight. The quantity of power processors and ion thrusters required to perform the mission successfully depends not only on the total required thrust, but also on the individual thruster and power processor performance and reliability. Based on these considerations, it was necessary to determine the quantity of the active power processors and ion thrusters required at any time and the means of providing redundancy. The results provide the basis for selecting an optimum SEP thrust subsystem for this mission and other missions.
Lampbrush chromosomes enable study of cohesin dynamics

The lampbrush chromosomes present in the nuclei of amphibian oocytes offer unique biological approaches for study of the mechanisms that regulate chromatin structure with high spatial resolution. We discuss fundamental aspects of the remarkable organization and plasticity exhibited by lampbrush chromosomes. We then utilize lampbrush chromosomes to characterize the chromosomal distribution and dynamics of cohesin, the four-protein complex (RAD21/MCD1/SCC1, SMC1, SMC3, SCC3/SA2) responsible for sister chromatid cohesion. We find that endogenous SMC3 and newly expressed hRAD21 co-localize on chromosomal axes, sites where sister chromatids are tightly paired. We present evidence suggesting that hRAD21 recruitment to lampbrush chromosomes is modulated by chromosomal SMC1 and SMC3. Notably, using a technique for de novo chromosome assembly, we demonstrate that both SMC3 and hRAD21 are recruited to single, unreplicated lampbrush chromatids. Finally, we used our novel method of analyzing the oocyte nucleus under oil combined with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, to provide direct evidence that cohesin is highly dynamic at discrete, condensed chromosomal regions. Collectively, these data demonstrate that lampbrush chromosomes provide a unique and powerful tool for combining biochemical and cytological analyses for dissection of complex chromosomal processes.
1‐Aminocyclopentane‐trans‐1,3‐Dicarboxylic Acid Induces Glutamine Synthetase Activity in Cultured Astrocytes

In this study we have investigated the effect of excitatory amino acids on the activity of glutamine synthetase, a glial-specific enzyme that plays a key role in the regulation of glutamate concentration in the CNS. We found that of L-glutamate, N-methyl-D-aspartate, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate, kainate, and 1-aminocyclopentane-trans-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (trans-ACPD), only the metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist trans-ACPD had an effect on glutamine synthetase specific activity in cultures of rat type I cortical astrocytes. Exposure of astrocytes to 1.0 mM trans-ACPD for 24 h resulted in an increase in glutamine synthetase activity to 149 +/- 11% of that in control cultures. This effect was concentration dependent, stereoselective, and blocked by cycloheximide. In addition, the increase in glutamine synthetase activity occurred at lower concentrations of trans-ACPD that did not produce morphological alterations or lysis of the astrocytes as measured by the lactate dehydrogenase content. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that activation of the metabotropic excitatory amino acid receptor in astrocytes is coupled to the regulation of an enzyme essential to the metabolism and recycling of the excitatory transmitter L-glutamate.
A case of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis with thyroid involvement

A case of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis with thyroid involvement is reported. This systemic condition has an unknown cause and is manifested by the development of nodules containing an infiltrate of characteristic histiocytic and multinucleated giant cells in the synovium, skin, subcutaneous tissues, and occasionally bone or other tissues.
Adjuvant Chemoradiation Therapy After Pancreaticoduodenectomy in Elderly Patients With Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant chemoradiation therapy (CRT) for pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients ≥75 years of age. Methods The study group of 655 patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for pancreatic adenocarcinoma at the Johns Hopkins Hospital over a 12-year period (8/30/1993 to 2/28/2005). Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, intraoperative data, pathology data, and patient outcomes were collected and analyzed by adjuvant treatment status and age ≥75 years. Cox proportional hazards analysis determined clinical predictors of mortality and morbidity. Results We identified 166 of 655 (25.3%) patients were ≥75 years of age and 489 of 655 patients (74.7%) were p = 0.008), poor/anaplastic differentiation ( p = 0.012), and undergoing a total pancreatectomy ( p = 0.010) predicted poor survival. The 2-year survival for elderly patients receiving adjuvant therapy was improved compared with surgery alone (49.0% vs. 31.6%, p = 0.013); however, 5-year survival was similar (11.7% vs. 19.8%, respectively, p = 0.310). After adjusting for major confounders, adjuvant therapy in elderly patients had a protective effect with respect to 2-year survival (relative risk [RR] 0.58, p = 0.044), but not 5-year survival (RR 0.80, p = 0.258). Among the nonelderly, CRT was significantly associated with 2-year survival (RR 0.60, p p Conclusions Adjuvant therapy after PD is significantly associated with increased 2-year but not 5-year survival in elderly patients. Additional studies are needed to select which elderly patients are likely to benefit from adjuvant CRT.
Studies on complement defective rabbits. IV. Blood clearance of intravenously injected S. typhi by the reticuloendothelial system.

SummaryThree rabbits with an hereditary defect of the classical third component of complement (absence of C′6) were intravenously injected with 3 × 109 heat-killed S. typhi 0 901 labeled with I131. The rates of blood clearance by the RES in these animals were found to be identical with the rates observed in normal rabbits. Ten minutes after the intravenous injection, 84% of the bacteria were found localized in the liver. It is concluded that the activity of C′6 is without influence on the removal of S. typhi from the blood stream by the RES. The nonparticipation of C′6 in the clearance mechanism distinguishes this reaction from the immune bactericidal action of rabbit serum against 5. typhi 0 901.
Hydration-dependent hexagonal phase lipid in a biological membrane.

Abstract Isolated muscle microsomes undergo lateral phase separation of proteins and lipids when dried to about 1% water content. The lipid domains form hexagonal and lamellar structures which contain no intramembrane particles. These processes may have relevance for the organization of membranes in plants and animals which normally survive dehydration.
The Character of Aeneas in the ILIAD and in the AENEID

(1955). The Character of Aeneas in the ILIAD and in the AENEID. Kentucky Foreign Language Quarterly: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 26-30.
Testing the accuracy of the geomagnetic polarity time-scale (GPTS) at 2–5 Ma, utilizing40Ar/39Ar incremental heating data on whole-rock basalts

Abstract Recent40Ar/39Ar dating and astrochronologic calculations indicate that the K-Ar derived GPTS underestimates the ages of geomagnetic field reversals in the interval ∼ 2-0 Ma. We report tests to check the accuracy of K-Ar data utilized to date the Reunion Event (∼ 2.1 Ma) and part of the early Pliocene portion (∼ 4.6 Ma) of the GPTS.40Ar/39Ar incremental heating studies on whole-rock basalts from the island of Reunion yield an age of2.14 ± 0.03 Ma for the Reunion Event, somewhat older than the earlier K-Ar value of2.07 ± 0.02 Ma on the same set of lava flows. Study of a single specimen from the Newer Volcanics, Australia, indicates that the earlier K-Ar date was accurate; but the new40Ar/39Ar results yield a plateau age (4.56 Ma) with a standard error of ∼ 0.6%, as compared to the K-Ar value ∼ 3%. The improved precision and accuracy resulting from such40Ar/39Ar incremental heating studies will play a key role in calibrating more precisely the GPTS for the interval 10-0 Ma.
Solid-Phase polymerase chain reaction

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has facilitated the diagnosis of infectious diseases and genetic disorders, because of its ability to amplify minute amounts of nucleic acids. To distinguish genes of interest from nonspecifically amplified DNA, PCR products commonly are fractionated by electrophoresis, transferred to membranes, and then probed with a labeled internal sequence-specific oligonucleotide. Alternatively, the PCR products have been labeled directly, and hybridized to immobilized oligonucleotide probes. These methods require the tedious physical transfer of the PCR products. In order to amplify and immobilize genes simultaneously, we have developed a simple solid-phase PCR method. The technique enabled us to detect the HIV envelope gene readily without any transfer of amplified DNA.
Methodologic dependence of electroretinogram oscillatory potential amplitudes

The International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) protocol for eliciting oscillatory potentials uses a considerably lower flash intensity and a different preconditioning stimulus than the only oscillatory potential protocol used to predict progression of diabetic retinopathy. To determine if the ISCEV protocol will be useful in predicting progression of diabetic retinopathy, summed oscillatory potential amplitudes were measured by both protocols in a population of diabetics. Summed oscillatory potential amplitudes measured by the ISCEV protocol, although smaller, are highly correlated with the summed oscillatory potential amplitudes measured with the higher-intensity flash. Thus, summed oscillatory potential amplitudes measured with the ISCEV protocol should be useful in predicting outcome in diabetic retinopathy. Different signal processing filters used to extract oscillatory potentials from the electroretinogram waveform have a small, but significant, effect on summed oscillatory potential amplitude. Use of the caliper-square method or the summed peak-to-trough method for measuring oscillatory potential heights had an insignificant effect on measured oscillatory potential amplitude.
THIRD TRIMESTER DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL INTESTINAL ENTEROKINASE (EK) AND DISACCHARIDASE ACTIVITIES IN THE HUMAN FETUS

The early feeding of proteins and carbohydrates to premature babies necessitates knowledge of the developmental pattern of enzyme activities in the fetal gastrointestinal tract. The activities of EK and disaccharidases in small intestine obtained from 38 human fetuses between the ages of 21 and 40 weeks of gestation were investigated. EK was detected in fetal mucosa from the 26th week of gestation on, paralleling appearance of tryptic activity in meconium. The concomitant appearance of EK and trypsin activities in the human intestinal mucosa is indicative of the importance of EK as an activator of trypsinogen and therefore as the key enzyme in protein digestion. Between 26-30 weeks of gestation, the EK activity is only 6% and full term babies (40 weeks) 20% of that found in older children. In contrast lactase in 26-34 week fetuses was 30% and sucrase and maltase were 70% of the full term baby. In addition, the distributional pattern of EK differs from the disaccharidases, showing the highest activity in duodenum and the lowest in ileum, while disaccharidases are highest in jejunum with lower activity in duodenum and ileum. It is conceivable that the premature infant, between 26-30 weeks of gestation, is better equipped to deal with hydrolysis of α-glucosides than lactose, and that the very low EK activity is a major contributing factor to the very low tryptic activity.
Impact of apolipoprotein E polymorphism in determining interindividual variation in total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites

Abstract The extent of apolipoprotein E (apo E) polymorphism and its effect on eight quantitative risk factors for coronary heart disease (total cholesterol; low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol; total high density lipoprotein and its subfractions, HDL2 and HDL3; triglycerides; fasting glucose and fasting insulin) has been determined in 238 randomly selected Hispanics (120 males and 118 females) and 201 non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) (105 males and 96 females) from the San Luis Valley, Colorado. The frequencies for the E∗2, E∗3 and E∗4 alleles were 0.048, 0.853 and 0.099, respectively, in Hispanics and 0.080, 0.783 and 0.137, respectively, in NHWs. Relatively low frequency of the E∗2 and E∗4 alleles in Hispanics compared with NHWs is consistent with the genetic and anthropologic data that Hispanics have substantial Amerindian admixture. The impact of apo E polymorphism on each quantitative trait was estimated after adjusting for concomitant variables including age, cigarette smoking and body mass index in both genders and pre- or post-menopause status in females. The distribution of eight quantitative traits was analyzed among three common apo E phenotypes, 3-2, 3-3 and 4-3. In Hispanics, significant variability among apo E phenotypes was observed for total cholesterol ( P = 0.001) in females only and the apo E polymorphism accounts for 12.4% variation in total cholesterol and 15.2% variation in LDL-cholesterol. In NHWs, significant mean differences among apo E phenotypes were observed for total cholesterol in both males ( P = 0.007) and females ( P = 0.0004). In NHW males and females, the apo E polymorphism explained 9.2% and 12.4%, respectively, of the variation in total cholesterol, and 15.1% and 6.6%, respectively, of the variation in LDL-cholesterol. In NHWs, borderline significance levels were also noted for phenotype specific differences in HDL2-cholesterol in males ( P = 0.04) and females ( P = 0.05), for total HDL cholesterol in females ( P = 0.02) and HDL3-cholesterol in females ( P = 0.06). While the estimated effects of the apo E polymorphism on quantitative traits differ somewhat between Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites, this probably reflects the overall difference in frequencies of the less common alleles in the Hispanics rather than a biological difference in the effects of these alleles on lipid metabolism.
Arachidonate metabolite(s) increase the permeability of the plasma membrane of the neutrophils to calcium.

Abstract The relationship between arachidonate metabolism and stimulated calcium fluxes in rabbit peritoneal neutrophils has been investigated. The addition of arachidonate to the neutrophils was found to cause a rapid and significant increase in the permeability of the plasma membrane to calcium. This effect is specific to calcium, concentration dependent and sensitive to inhibitors of the lipoxygenase mediated metabolic pathway(s). These results strongly suggest that arachidonate metabolites are directly involved in the mechanisms underlying calcium gating in the neutrophils.
Infrared Spectroscopy and Optical Constants of Porous Amorphous Solid Water

Reflection−absorption infrared spectra (RAIRS) of amorphous solid water (ASW) films grown at 20 K on a Pt(111) substrate at various angles (θBeam = 0−85°) using a molecular beam are reported. They display complex features arising from the interplay between refraction, absorption within the sample, and interference effects between the multiple reflections at the film−substrate and film−vacuum interfaces. Using a simple classical optics model based on Fresnel equations, we obtain optical constants [i.e., n(ω) and k(ω)] for porous ASW in the 1000−4000 cm−1 (10−2.5 μm) range. The behavior of the optical properties of ASW in the intramolecular OH stretching region with increasing θBeam is shown to be strongly correlated with its decreasing density and increasing surface area. A direct comparison between the RAIRS and calculated vibrational spectra shows a large difference (∼200 cm−1) in the position of the coupled H-bonded intramolecular OH stretching vibrations spectral feature. Moreover, this band shifts in ...
On the quenching of Li(2p) by HCl: Nonadiabatic effects

The electronic structure aspects of the quenching reaction Li(2P) + HCl LiCl + H were studied using ab initio state averaged multiconfiguration self consistent field/configuration interaction methods. This reaction proceeds through an avoided crossing of the 1, 2 2A' potential energy surfaces. A region of strong electronic nonadiabaticity was located and (first derivative) nonadiabatic coupling strengths computed. This region of strong electronic nonadiabaticity occurs near a (local) minimum on the 2 2A' potential energy surface which is exoergic relative to its reactant asymptote, Li(2P) + HCl.
Cross-linkage in lymphocyte transformation.

A polymerized fraction of the non-stimulatory univalent Fab' fragment of goat antibody directed to rabbit Fab was as effective as the parent antibody in stimulating transformation of rabbit peripheral lymphocytes. The specificity of the stimulation initiated by the polymerized Fab' was shown by the ability of rabbit IgG to completely block its stirnulatory capacity and by the inability of polymerized non-specific goat IgG or its Fab' fragment to effect transformation. Polymerization of the IgG fraction of goat anti-rabbit Fab resulted in a fraction which was more stimulatory, at low concentrations, than the IgG from which it was derived. The data suggest that bivalence is a requirement for initiation of transformation by antiglobulin reagents. Further, the data suggest that, at low concentrations, the extent of DNA synthesis stimulated by a mitogen may to a large extent be directly related to the valence of the mitogen. It is suggested that stimulation of lymphocyte transformation by antigen is also a fun...
The current and future therapy of allergic conjunctivitis

A wealth of antiallergic drugs is available for ocular allergy, and many new drugs will soon be approved. Pharmaceutical companies frequently seek approval of anti-inflammatory drugs for allergic indications, because it is relatively easy to perform clinical trials for ocular allergy. Extremely safe drugs for mild to moderate degrees of allergic conjunctivitis include antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Topical corticosteroids, preferably those with reduced side effects, are available for more severe forms of ocular allergy. The choice of an antiallergic drug may be guided by the indication for which the drug was approved. The ultimate selection will be made based on the patient's symptoms, the drug's availability, and its cost.
Inhibition of rat testicular heme synthesis and depression of microsomal cytochrome P-450 by estradiol benzoate☆

Twenty-four hours after a single dose (50 microgram, s.c.) of estradiol benzoate (EB), rat testicular microsomal heme and cytochrome P-450 were decreased to 72 and 76% of control levels respectively. Treatment of rats with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) resulted in elevated levels of microsomal heme and cytochrome P-450 and increased activity of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthase (EC 2.3.1.37). However, the hCG-mediated elevations of testicular microsomal heme and cytochrome P-450 content failed to occur in animals treated with EB. To investigate the possibility that the observed effect of EB was mediated through the pituitary, studies were conducted with hypophysectomized animals. The increased microsomal heme and cytochrome P-450 content mediated by hCG in hypophysectomized animals was again prevented by administration of EB. The elevated activity of testicular mitochondrial ALA synthase produced by hCG in both intact and hypophysectomized animals was not affected by EB. Incorporation of [14C]ALA into microsomal heme was depressed 60% 12 hr following a single dose of EB (50 microgram, s.c.). These data suggest that EB depresses testicular microsomal heme and cytochrome P-450 content by inhibiting the synthesis of heme at an enzymatic reaction other than ALA synthase.
Detection of Quiescent Molecular Hydrogen Gas in the Circumstellar Disk of a Classical T Tauri Star

We have detected emission from the quiescent, molecular hydrogen gas in the disk around the X-ray bright, classical T Tauri star TW Hya in the 1¨0 S(1) line at 2.1218 km through high-resolution spectros- copy using CSHELL on NASAs Infrared Telescope Facility. The brightness of the observed emission line is consistent with that predicted from models for X-ray excitation of the 1¨0 S(1) line of This H 2 . result demonstrates that X-ray ionization is a plausible mechanism for excitation of the in the H 2 gaseous disks of T Tauri stars. In addition, from these high-resolution spectra we have measured the radial velocities of three T Tauri stars in the TW Hya association, CD (33i7795, HD 98800, and TW Hya. We —nd that the radial velocities of these three stars are very similar to each other and to those of at least three other stars presumed to be members of the TW Hya association, Hen 600A, Hen 600B, and CD (29i8887. This result, combined with the similar proper motions of all six of these stars, lends support to the hypothesis that all of these stars share a common origin in a now-dispersed molecular cloud. Subject headings: infrared: starsopen clusters and associations: individual (TW Hydrae, HD 98800, CD (33i7795) ¨ stars: premain-sequenceX-rays: stars
John Locke and behavior genetics

Locke's views on the nature-nurture question are illustrated by quotations from his writings. Locke was predominantly an environmentalist but gave some emphasis to constitutional tendencies, especially in the area of temperatment.
On a high-purity Ge EDS detector I. Determination of detector efficiency

Abstract The absolute efficiency curve for an ultra-thin window (UTW) high-purity (intrinsic) germanium (HPGe) EDS detector was determined by comparing EDS spectra from a set of standard specimens with spectra from the same compounds taken with a UTW Si(Li) detector, and with systematic computer simulations. The efficiencies of the two detectors are comparable, except at energies between the Ge-L 3 and Si-K absorption edges, where the efficiency of the HPGe detector is ~ 20% lower. The methodology employed allows important features of both detectors, particularly their dead layer thicknesses, to be determined.
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder and Eating Disorders

Obsessions, compulsions, and personality traits such as perfectionism and inflexibility are commonly described in eating disorder patients. A lack of precise clarification has existed in defining the presence of obsessive-compulsive disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder in the various eating disorder subtypes. Research clarifying these definitions and the components of perfectionism as it pertains to eating disorders is reviewed in this article.