cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Detection of Helicobacter pylori gene expression in human gastric mucosa.

Mucosal and systemic immunologic recognition of cagA by Helicobacter pylori-infected individuals is associated with peptic ulcer disease; however, in the laboratory, expression of cagA is subject to artificial conditions which may not accurately reflect the conditions in host tissues. Gastric antral and body biopsy specimens and serum for anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin G serology were obtained from 42 patients. Biopsy specimens were studied by histology, culture, and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Oligonucleotide primers specific for H. pylori (16S rRNA, ureA, and cagA) were used to detect bacterial mRNA in gastric biopsy specimens. PCR was performed on DNA from corresponding H. pylori isolates to detect genomic 16S rRNA, ureA, and cagA. Of the 42 patients from whom clinical specimens were obtained, 25 were infected with H. pylori on the basis of both serology and histology or culture (i.e., tissue positive); 13 were negative by serology, histology, and culture; and 4 were positive by serology only. RT-PCR with 16S rRNA primers detected 24 of 25 tissue-positive and 0 of 17 tissue-negative patients (P < 0.001). RT-PCR with ureA primers detected 16 of 25 tissue-positive and 0 of 17 tissue-negative patients (P < 0.001). CagA mRNA was detected by RT-PCR in 14 of 25 gastric biopsy specimens in the tissue-positive group and in 0 of 17 gastric biopsy specimens in the tissue-negative group. PCR of genomic DNA for the presence of the cagA gene in the corresponding bacterial isolates correlated absolutely with cagA gene expression in gastric tissue. These results indicate that RT-PCR is a sensitive and specific method for the detection of the presence of H. pylori and the expression of H. pylori genes in human gastric tissue. Detection of H. pylori gene expression in vivo by this approach may contribute to improving the diagnosis and understanding the pathogenesis of H. pylori infections.
The effect of chlorpromazine and of oxygen on the substrate-inhibition of L-amino acid oxidase.

Abstract The chlorpromazine-mediated reversal of substrate inhibition of l -amino acid oxidase is probably due to the inhibition of the formation of the fully reduced enzyme. Both chlorpromazine and oxygen seem to act congruously at the inhibitory mechanism. The effect of chlorpromazine is not apparent at a lower temperature, being maximum at approximately 27°C. The values for the substrate and inhibitory binding of l -leucine, l -phenylalanine, and l -methinonine are presented. The apparent binding constant of chlorpromazine is comparable to the inhibitory binding constant of l -leucine. A hypothesis on the oxygen-dependent self-regulation of l -amino acid oxidase in providing anaplerotic keto acid supply to the tricarboxylic acid cycle is proposed.
Disintegration of the Deuteron in Flight

A calculation is made of the cross section for the disintegration of high velocity deuterons by nuclei in their paths. In this paper attention is centered on those processes in which there is no direct nuclear collision, and where the disintegration is due to electric forces. The cross section for 200-Mev deuterons proves to be of the order $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}29}{Z}^{2}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ where $Z$ is the atomic number of the bombarded element. Large yields may be expected in typical cases. The two ejected particles need not share the energy equally; neutrons of energy 75 Mev to 125 Mev may be expected. They emerge in a fairly well collimated beam whose half-width at half-maximum is about 4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}.
If not empty, NP−P is topologically large

Abstract In the classical Cantor topology or in the superset topology, NP and, consequently, classes included in NP are meagre. However, in a natural combination of the two topologies, we prove that NP — P, if not empty, is a second category class, while NP-complete sets form a first category class. These results are extended to different levels in the polynomial hierarchy and to the low and high hierarchies. P-immune sets in NP, NP-simple sets, P-bi-immune sets and NP-effectively simple sets are all second category (if not empty). It is shown that if C is any of the above second category classes, then for all B∈NP there exists an A∈C such that A is arbitrarily close to B infinitely often.
Divergent responses of serum lipoproteins to changes in dietary carbohydrate and cholesterol in cynomolgus monkeys

Abstract The metabolic effects of dietary carbohydrates (simple versus complex) on lipogenesis, glucose, and insulin responses are well known, but information is lacking on the effect of carbohydrate types on different serum lipoprotein fractions. We therefore studied the differences in responses of serum lipids, lipoproteins, apoproteins, and plasma glucose and insulin to changes in dietary carbohydrates and cholesterol in 12 male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). For 6 weeks, each monkey was fed one of four semipurified, high-carbohydrate (76.5% cal) diets that provided sucrose or starch with and without 1 mg/kcal cholesterol. Sucrose diet without added cholesterol resulted in consistently higher serum total cholesterol than with a similar starch diet. In contrast, cholesterol-enriched starch diet caused marked increase in serum total cholesterol when compared to similar sucrose diet. Neither starch nor sucrose diets elicited a VLDL-triglyceride response. Observations on apoB, VLDL- and LDL-cholesterol levels essentially reflected serum total cholesterol changes by diet. Changes in HDL-subfractions to dietary carbohydrates were seen mainly in HDL2, with starch producing lower values than sucrose (p sucrose) and cholesterol effect for HDL2. Neither plasma glucose nor insulin showed any diet-related differences. Thus, a high level of dietary carbohydrate with and without added cholesterol provoked divergent responses of serum lipids and lipoproteins between sucrose and starch. Although reasons for the paradoxical responses are not readily apparent, the experiment provides a useful model for further metabolic studies.
Improved prediction model for time-dependent deformations of concrete: Part 3-Creep at drying

Part 3 of the present series gives the prediction formulae for the average compliance function in the cross-section of a specimen exposed to drying at constant temperature. The formulae describe the additional creep due to drying by means of the shrinkage function, which automatically introduces the consequences of diffusion theory, such as the dependence of creep on cross-section thickness and shape. The prediction formulae are compared with 19 different data sets from the literature, which reveal relatively good agreement, better than that with previous models. The main source of error is insufficient knowledge of the effect of mix composition and concrete strength. It is advisable to avoid this error by carrying out short-time measurements whenever possible.
Breast self-examination compliance among older high risk women

Abstract Breast cancer rises significantly with age. Early detection recommendations include monthly breast self-examination (BSE). We found among 470 high risk women age 50 and over, 30% performed BSE monthly, 26% more frequently, 26% less frequently, and 19% not at all. Practice declined as the women aged ( χ 2 = 32.7, df = 9, P χ 2 = 49.7, P
Creating a Culture of Evidence: Academic Accountability at the Institutional Level

Governmental and accrediting entities are demanding increased accountability and efficiency from colleges and universities. This chapter discusses strategies for developing institutional data sets that create a “culture of evidence.”
Exploratory study of the electronic structure of fluorine-substituted YBa2Cu

The electronic structure of fluorine-substituted Y${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ crystal is studied by means of first-principles calculations. Substitutions of O by one, two, and up to three F atoms on several selective O sites are studied. Implications of the present result on the possible mechanisms of high-${T}_{c}$ superconductivity is discussed.
Interband transitions, plasmons, and dispersion in hexagonal boron nitride

We have measured inelastic-electron-scattering spectra of several hexagonal-boron-nitride samples with momentum transfer both in and out of the a-b plane and obtained the dielectric and optical constants from 0 to 60 eV. The low-q energy-loss spectrum with momentum in the plane is dominated by the \ensuremath{\pi}-electron plasmon at 8.5 eV and the total (\ensuremath{\sigma}+\ensuremath{\pi}) plasmon at 26.4 eV. The \ensuremath{\pi} plasmon arises from two strong interband transitions at 6.1 and 6.95 eV, and a continuum threshold at 7.6 eV. The plasmons are well described as collective oscillations of bound electrons. We have inferred a band gap of 5.9 eV by observing the intrinsic absorption threshold in a series of samples of varying purity. The dispersion in the plasmons and the second interband transition is quadratic for 0lql1.0 A${\r{}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$, while the first interband transition disperses upward in energy up to 0.6 A${\r{}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$, above which its energy remains almost constant. The dispersion of the \ensuremath{\pi} plasmon is equal to that of the second interband transition, and its width remains constant up to a critical momentum, indicating that its width is dominated by decay into single-particle transitions. The energy-loss function with q along c shows three collective oscillations at 7.7, 11.7, and 23 eV. The interband spectrum is similar to that with q in the plane, except that an additional transition appears at 9.9 eV and the oscillator strength is shifted to higher energies. The similarity in the spectra for q in and out of the plane indicates nearly degenerate occupied \ensuremath{\sigma} and \ensuremath{\pi} states near ${E}_{F}$, which is inconsistent with existing band-structure calculations.
Radiotherapy After Mastectomy

Classic randomized trials documented the benefit of postmastectomy radiotherapy in women with node-positive or locally advanced breast cancer. Modern advances in surgical therapy, systemic therapy, and radiotherapy, however, along with an improved understanding of cancer biology, have called into question previously assumed recurrence risks and treatment benefits. This article explores the impact of tumor biology and genomic medicine on utilization of postmastectomy radiotherapy and how treatment decision making is moving beyond TNM-based predictors.
Anisoplanatism effects on signal-to-noise ratio performance of adaptive optical systems

The effects of turbulence-induced anisoplanatism cause the performance of an adaptive-optics system to be dependent on the angular separation between the object wave front being corrected and the wave front of the reference source. One method of quantifying this angular-dependent performance is through the average optical transfer function (OTF). An equally important measure is the variance of the OTF. The variance is used together with the average OTF in the definition of a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Knowledge of the SNR is essential for determining the spatial frequency limit of image restoration. We present a diffraction-based method of computing the object-angle-dependent OTF SNR for an adaptive-optics system. The SNR is computed with normalized correlation functions that are valid for a wide range of atmospheric turbulence profiles and beacon–object angles. The SNR results are presented for observation angles out to 6 times the isoplanatic angle as defined by Fried [ J. Opt. Soc. Am.72, 52 ( 1982)].
Climate Change: An Appraisal of Atmospheric Feedback Mechanisms Employing Zonal Climatology.

Abstract The sensitivity of the earth's surface temperature to factors which can induce long-term climate change, such as a variation in solar constant, is estimated by employing two readily observable climate changes. One is the latitudinal change in annual mean climate, for which an interpretation of climatological data suggests that cloud amount is not a significant climate feedback mechanism, irrespective of how cloud amount might depend upon surface temperature, since there are compensating changes in both the solar and infrared optical properties of the atmosphere. It is further indicated that all other atmospheric feedback mechanisms, resulting, for example, from temperature-induced changes in water vapor amount, cloud altitude and lapse rate, collectively double the sensitivity of global surface temperature to a change in solar constant. The same conclusion is reached by considering a second type of climate change, that associated with seasonal variations for a given latitude zone. The seasonal in...
Stereoselective binding of chiral ligands to single nucleotide polymorphisms of the human organic cation transporter-1 determined using cellular membrane affinity chromatography

Membranes from stably transfected cell lines that express two point mutations of the human organic cation transporter-1 (hOCT1), R488M and G465R, have been immobilized on the immobilized artificial membrane (IAM) liquid chromatographic stationary phase to form two cellular membrane affinity chromatography (CMAC) columns, CMAC(hOCT1(G465R)) and CMAC(hOCT1(R488M)). Columns were created using both stationary phases, and frontal displacement chromatography experiments were conducted using [(3)H] MMP(+) (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) as the marker ligand and various displacers, including the single enantiomers of verapamil, fenoterol, and isoproterenol. The chromatographic data obtained were used to refine a previously developed pharmacophore for hOCT1.
Fourier crosstalk analysis of multislice and cone-beam helical CT

Multi-slice helical CT scanners allow for much faster scanning and better x-ray utilization than do their single-slice predecessors, but they engender considerably more complicated data sampling patterns due to the interlacing of the samples from different rows as the patient is translated. Characterizing and optimizing this sampling is challenging because the conebeam geometry of such scanners means that the projections measured by each detector row are at least slightly oblique, making it difficult to apply standard multidimensional sampling analyses. In this study, we seek to apply a more general framework for analyzing sampled imaging systems known as Fourier crosstalk analysis. Our purpose in this preliminary work is to compare the information content of the data acquired in three different scanner geometries and operating conditions with ostensibly equivalent volume coverage and average longitudinal sampling interval: a single-slice scanner operating at pitch 1, a four-slice scanner operating at pitch 3 and a 15-slice scanner operating at pitch 15. We find that moving from a single-slice to a multi-slice geometry introduces longitudinal crosstalk characteristic of the longitudinal sampling interval between periods of individual each detector row, and not of the overall interlaced sampling pattern. This is attributed to data inconsistencies caused by the obliqueness of the projections in a multi-slice/conebeam configuration. However, these preliminary results suggest that the significance of this additional crosstalk actually decreases as the number of detector rows increases.
Atmospheric neutrino studies in Soudan 2

Abstract We report a measurement of the atmospheric neutrino flavor ratio, R, using a sample of quasi-elastic neutrino interactions occurring in an iron calorimeter. The flavor ratio (tracks/showers) of atmospheric neutrinos in a 3.9 kiloton-year exposure of Soudan 2 is 0.64 ± 0.11 ( stat. ) −0.05 +0.06 ( syst. ) of the expected. A preliminary look at a higher resolution sample, suitable for oscillation (L/E) analysis is also discussed.
Registration of ocular fundus images: an algorithm using cross-correlation of triple invariant image descriptors

The author details a digital image registration algorithm based on the cross correlation of triple invariant image descriptors. This algorithm is applied to ocular fundus images, and its accuracy and reliability are quantified using simulated transformations, simulated noise, and a series of actual fundus images. >
Holographic Stereogram Displays From Computer-Generated Polygonal Models

Holographic stereograms, which have potential use as 3-D optical displays, have been made from stereo pairs of computer-generated, shaded, polygonal models.
The Ethnoarchaeology of Juvenile Foragers: Shellfishing Strategies among Meriam Children

Recognizing children's contribution to the archaeological record may be crucial for our ideas about the role of children in human evolution. Despite this, analyses of children's activities and how they might shape archaeological patterns are almost entirely absent from discussions about site formation processes. This may in turn result from the assumption that children are either inconsequential in their foraging activities or that identifying children's activities archaeologically will be difficult if not impossible. This challenge drew our attention toward children's intertidal gathering among the Meriam of the Eastern Torres Strait as a possible agent of patterned and predictable variability in shell middens. We present an analysis of differences between the prey choice and field processing strategies of children and adults and explore an hypothesis for predicting their archaeological effects on faunal assemblage variability.
Distributive Justice, Feasibility Gridlocks, and the Harmfulness of Economic Ideology

Many political theorists think about how to make societies more just. In recent years, with interests shifting from principles to their institutional realization, there has been much debate about feasibility and the role it should play in theorizing. What has been underexplored, however, is how feasibility depends on the attitudes and perceptions of individuals, not only with regard to their own behaviour, but also with regard to the behaviour of others. This can create coordination problems, which can be described as “feasibility gridlocks”. These problems are interesting from a normative perspective, not only because they arguably play an important role for the feasibility of institutions, but also because they contain a normative element themselves: individual might be willing to cooperate in order change the “feasibility frontier” (Wiens D (forthcoming) Political ideals and the feasibility frontier. Econ Philos), but only if others are also willing to do their bit, which contains a judgment about the fair distribution of burdens. Beliefs about the selfish nature of human beings, however, can make feasibility gridlocks more likely. This is why what I call, for the sake of brevity, “economic ideology”, i.e. an account of human nature as fundamentally self-interested, can be harmful. Finding a way out of such equilibriums therefore is an important task for political theorists and social reformers.
Determination of Catecholamines by Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of Their Aminochromes

Abstract Catecholamines are oxidized by ferricyanide to the corresponding aminochromes. The band intensities of the resonance-enhanced Raman active C=N+ stretches of the aminochromes (1400–1500 cm−1) are used to determine the catecholamines at the 10−5 M level without prior separation.
Perspectives of mentoring: The Black female student-athlete

The purpose of this study was to understand Black female collegiate athletes’ perception of mentors and the characteristics of their current mentors. Understanding their definition of a mentor and ...
Editorial. Which medical therapies are proven

This paper examines the factors that influence the voluntary dissemination of performance information by health care organizations. A model of information dissemination is developed and tested using data on Health Maintenance Organizations. The empirical findings suggest that health care organizations disseminate information on their performance because there are collective-good benefits resulting from dissemination, particularly when the product or organizational innovation is unfamiliar to some purchasers. The findings also suggest that the competitive structure of the local health care market influences the dissemination decision, with health care organizations more likely to disseminate information about their performance in relatively competitive markets.
Organization of midbrain catecholamine-containing nuclei and their projections to the striatum in the North American opossum, Didelphis virginiana.

Presumptive catecholamine (CA) neurons in the opossum midbrain were identified by tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry. In the midline, small to moderate numbers of CA cells were present in the rostral third of the nucleus raphe dorsalis and throughout the nucleus linearis. Ventrolaterally, such cells were observed in the deep tegmental reticular formation, in all subnuclei of the ventral tegmental area, and in the three subdivisions of the substantia nigra. The CA cells in these areas conform to the dopamine cell groups, A8, A9, and A10 as described in the rat. In several areas there appeared to be no separation between the CA neurons belonging to cytoarchitecturally different nuclei. In order to determine which CA neurons gave rise to striatal projections, the neostriatum was injected with True Blue (TB), and sections through the midbrain were processed for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and visualized by immunofluoroscence. Neurons containing both TB and TH were observed in each of the CA cell groups mentioned above. The distribution of these cells confirmed organizational features that may be unique to the opossum's substantia nigra. In addition, different patterns of labeling resulted from caudate versus putamen injections, suggesting a rudimentary medial to lateral topography in the organization of nigrostriatal projections. Although our results suggest that the organization of midbrain CA neurons in the opossum is similar to that in placental mammals, it is clear that differences exist.
Microscope sterility during spine surgery.

STUDY DESIGN Prospective study. OBJECTIVE Assess the contamination rates of sterile microscope drapes after spine surgery. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The use of the operating microscope has become more prevalent in certain spine procedures, providing superior magnification, visualization, and illumination of the operative field. However, it may represent an additional source of bacterial contamination and increase the risk of developing a postoperative infection. METHODS This study included 25 surgical spine cases performed by a single spine surgeon that required the use of the operative microscope. Sterile culture swabs were used to obtain samples from 7 defined locations on the microscope drape after its use during the operation. The undraped technician's console was sampled in each case as a positive control, and an additional 25 microscope drapes were swabbed immediately after they were applied to the microscope to obtain negative controls. Swab samples were assessed for bacterial growth on 5% sheep blood Columbia agar plates using a semiquantitative technique. RESULTS No growth was observed on any of the 25 negative control drapes. In contrast, 100% of preoperative and 96% of postoperative positive controls demonstrated obvious contamination. In the postoperative group, all 7 sites of evaluation were found to be contaminated with rates of 12% to 44%. Four of the 7 evaluated locations were found to have significant contamination rates compared with negative controls, including the shafts of the optic eyepieces on the main surgeon side (24%, P = 0.022), "forehead" portion on both the main surgeon (24%, P = 0.022) and assistant sides (28%, P = 0.010), and "overhead" portion of the drape (44%, P = 0.0002). CONCLUSION Bacterial contamination of the operative microscope was found to be significant after spine surgery. Contamination was more common around the optic eyepieces, likely due to inadvertent touching of unsterile portions. Similarly, all regions above the eyepieces also have a propensity for contamination because of unknown contact with unsterile parts of the surgeon. Therefore, we believe that changing gloves after making adjustments to the optic eyepieces and avoid handling any portion of the drape above the eyepieces may decrease the risks of intraoperative contamination and possibly postoperative infection as well.
Significant reductions in synapsin but not synaptophysin specific activity in the brains of some schizophrenics

The levels of the synaptic vesicle-associated proteins, synapsin and synaptophysin, were examined in human postmortem hippocampus from the brains of schizophrenics and age-matched controls using a quantitative western blot analysis. The schizophrenic samples had significantly lower levels of synapsin I than controls. In individual data, five of the seven schizophrenic samples had extremely low levels of synapsin, whereas two of the schizophrenic samples had normal levels of synapsin. This deficit in synapsin does not appear to be due to some non-specific neuronal loss as the levels of the other synaptic vesicle marker, synaptophysin, were near normal in all seven schizophrenics. Given that synapsin is thought to regulate neurotransmitter release, it is possible that this deficit in synapsin could result in abnormal processing of neuronal information as is seen in various sensory processing abnormalities associated with schizophrenia.
Performance of multiclad scintillating and waveguide optical fibers readout with visible light photon counters

We have measured the performance of scintillating fiber detectors read out with visible light photon counters (VLPCs). Both single clad and multiclad scintillating fibers have been tested. For a system comprised of 3 m long multiclad scintillating fibers of 830 micrometers diameter optically coupled to 8 m long multiclad waveguide fibers of 965 micrometers diameter and read out with HISTE-IV VLPCs, we detect an average of 6.2 photoelectrons from the far end of the scintillating fiber if the fiber end is unmirrored and 10 photoelectrons if the fiber end is mirrored. A minimum of 2.4 detected photoelectrons is required for efficient particle detection in high energy physics tracking applications. Hence our result indicates a factor of 2.5 and 4 safety margin in required light yield for the unmirrored and mirrored cases respectively. Given this substantial detected photoelectron yield, cosmic ray tracks are easily detected in fiber arrays, and excellent performance characteristics are expected for the fiber trackers designed for the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider and SDC experiment at the SSC laboratory.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Dynamics of Galectin-3 Levels Following Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation

Purpose Galectin-3 (gal-3) is a novel biomarker implicated in cardiac fibrosis and is shown to correlate with the severity of heart failure (HF) and to independently predict mortality in HF. We investigated if hemodynamic improvement after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation affects gal-3 levels. Methods and Materials Plasma samples were acquired from patients at time of LVAD implantation (HMII or Heartware, n=57), at 3 (n=17) and 6 months post-LVAD (n=14), and at explantation (n=23), as well as from healthy age and gender matched controls (n=30). Gal-3 was measured using a commercially available ELISA assay (BG Medicine, Waltham, MA). Data was analyzed with Prism 5. Events rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results At time of LVAD implantation, HF patients had significantly higher gal-3 levels compared to controls (29.2±14 ng/ml vs. 13±9 ng/ml; p figure 1 ] Conclusions Gal-3 levels are associated with HF state and predict survival on LVAD support. Distinct dynamics in gal-3 levels occur in patients following LVAD implantation with an initial decrease but subsequent increase. Gal-3 may serve as a new biomarker for risk assessment of patients before LVAD implantation.
Chromodomain Helicase DNA Binding Protein 5 (CHD5) Is Associated With Improved Overall Survival in Patients Undergoing Adjuvant Therapy for Resected Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

investigated the role of DAB2IP and/or EZH2 as prognostic biomarkers following radiation therapy (RT) in high-risk PCa patients. Materials/Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed and scored by an expert genitourinary pathologist. Freedom from biochemical failure (FFBF) was determined using the Phoenix definition. Castrate resistancefree survival (CRFS) was determined when 2 episodes of rising prostatespecific antigen (PSA) occurred while on standard hormone therapy. Distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) was determined from clinical data review. Log-rank test and Cox regression were used to determine significance of DAB2IP and EZH2 levels with clinical outcome. Results: Fifty-four patients with high-risk PCa (stage T3a, or Gleason score 8, or PSA 20) treated with RT from 2005-2012 at UT Southwestern were evaluated. 28.3% (13/46) of patients revealed DAB2IPreduction while 71.7% (33/46) retained DAB2IP. Nearly all patients expressed EZH2 (97.9%), supporting prior reports that EZH2 expression precedes DAB2IP reduction. For EZH2, the intensity level was grade (G) 0 in 1 (2.1%), G1 in 9 (18.8%), G2 in 29 (60.4%), and G3 in 9 (18.8%) patients. Median follow-up was 34.0 months (mos) (range, 6.7-76.1 mos) for DAB2IP-reduced patients, 29.9 mos (range, 6.1-84.6 mos) for DAB2IP-retained patients, and 32.6 m (range, 2.8-84.6 mos) for the EZH2 study. Patients with reduced DAB2IP demonstrated worse outcome compared to patients retaining DAB2IP, including FFBF (2-year Z 73% vs 93%; 4-yearZ 37% vs 89%; p Z 0.04; HR Z 3.65), DMFS (2-yearZ 90% vs 97%; 4-year Z 36% vs 97%; p Z 0.05), and CRFS (4-year Z 50% vs 90%; p Z 0.02). Intensity of EZH2 expression trended toward significance for worse FFBF and CRFS (p Z 0.07). Patients with reduced DAB2IP or highest intensity (G3) EZH2 expression exhibited even worse FFBF (p Z 0.03; HR Z 5.65). Six of the 7 patients that developed CRPC had reduced DAB2IP or G3 EZH2. Even with modest follow-up and after controlling for duration of hormone therapy, DAB2IP remains significant. Conclusions: This study suggests that DAB2IP loss is a potent biomarker for identifying high-risk PCa patients that portends worse outcome despite definitive RT. EZH2 is expressed in most high-risk PCa tumors evaluated, and is a less potent discriminator of outcome in this group of patients. DAB2IP status in combination with degree of EZH2 expression may be useful for determining patients with worse outcome within the high-risk patient population. Author Disclosure: C. Jacobs: None. P. Kapur: None. J. Yan: None. V. Tumati: None. X. Xie: None. D. Pistenmaa: None. M. Bhuiyan: None. J. Hsieh: None. D. Saha: None. D. Kim: None.
Animistic pragmatism and native ways of knowing: adaptive strategies for overcoming the struggle for food in the sub-Arctic.

Background. Subsistence norms are part of the ‘‘ecosophy’’ or ecological philosophy of Alaska Native Peoples in the sub-Arctic, such as the Inupiat of Seward Peninsula. This kind of animistic pragmatism is a special source of practical wisdom that spans over thousands of years and which has been instrumental in the In˜upiat’s struggle to survive and thrive in harsh and evolving environments. Objective. I hope to show how narrative in relationship to the ‘‘ecosophy’’ of Alaska Native peoples can help to promote a more ecological orientation to address food insecurity in rural communities in Alaska. Alaska Native ecosophy recommends central values and virtues necessary to help address concerns in Alaska’s rural communities. Design. Here, I will tease out the nature of this ‘‘ecosophy’’ in terms of animistic pragmatism and then show why this form of pragmatism can be instrumental for problematizing multi-scalar, intergenerational, uncertain and complex environmental challenges like food security. Results. Native elders have been the embodiment of trans-generational distributed cognition,1 for example, collective memory, norms, information, knowledge, technical skills and experimental adaptive strategies. They are human ‘‘supercomputers,’’ historical epistemologists and moral philosophers of a sort who use narrative, a form of moral testimony, to help their communities face challenges and seize opportunities in the wake of an ever-changing landscape. Conclusions. The ‘‘ecosophy’’ of the In˜upiat of Seward Peninsula offers examples of ‘‘focal practices’’, which are essential for environmental education. These focal practices instil key virtues, namely humility, gratitude, self-reliance, attentiveness, responsibility and responsiveness, that are necessary for subsistence living. Keywords: In˜upiat; pragmatism; environmental philosophy; sub-Arctic/Arctic cultures; narrative ethics (Published: 5 August 2013) This paper is part of Supplement 1, 2013, ICCH15 Proceedings . More papers from this Supplement can be found here . Citation: Int J Circumpolar Health 2013, 72 : 21224 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ijch.v72i0.21224
Alkali Metal Alkoxide Clusters: Convenient Catalysts for the Synthesis of Methylphosphonates.

Alkali metal alkoxides are good catalysts (1−8 mol %) for promoting the interchange reaction between carbonyl and phosphorus esters. This reactivity leads to convenient methodologies for the synthesis of symmetric and unsymmetric alkyl-substituted methylphosphonates from dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP). Reactions rates are high with initial turnover frequencies (Nt) in excess of 1 × 106 h-1 observed and with KOtBu > NaOtBu > LiOtBu. The reactions were sensitive to steric effects in the product methylphosphonates with reaction rates paralleling the size of the transferring alkoxide (n-alkyl > isoalkyl ≫ tert-alkyl). For the test reaction DMMP + isopropyl acetate, substitution kinetics were consistent with a scenario wherein each methoxide is replaced sequentially, and the substitution rate for the second displacement is substantially slower than the first. Kinetic studies on the first substitution process were indicative of a concentration dependent rate law; a scenario most easily accounted for by a cou...
Chloroacetates of 2- and 3-demethylthiocolchicine: Specific covalent interactions with tubulin with preferential labeling of the β-subunit

We synthesized two chemically reactive A ring modified analogs of colchicine, 2-chloroacetyl-2-demethylthiocolchicine (2-CTC) and 3-chloroacetyl-3-demethylthiocolchicine (3-CTC). Both are similar to colchicine as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization and act as competitive inhibitors of colchicine binding (apparent Ki values, 3 microM). [14C]-labeled 2-CTC and 3-CTC bound to tubulin at 37 degrees C but not at 0 degree C, and bound drug formed covalent bond(s) with tubulin. The binding and covalent reactions were inhibited by podophyllotoxin. About 60% of the bound 3-CTC rapidly formed a covalent bond with tubulin. With 2-CTC the covalent reaction was slower than the binding reaction, and only one-third of the bound 2-CTC reacted covalently with tubulin. The ratio of radiolabel in beta-tubulin to that in alpha-tubulin was about 4:1 with both 2-CTC and 3-CTC.
Optic nerve hypoplasia.

Although recognized as early as 1915, hypoplasia of the optic nerve is reported as rel­ atively rare." Review of the English litera­ ture reveals 16 unilateral and 12 bilateral cases. The largest series was comprised of six cases and was reported by Whinery and Blodi. This report also presented the first and only clinical histopathologic correlation. The essential features of optic nerve hypoplasia are marked visual impairment, re­ duced direct pupillary response to light, a small optic disk with normal appearing reti­ nal vasculature, and evidence that the defect has been present since birth. This entity has been reported in grossly deformed eyes, but the majority of cases show a paucity of other ocular findings. It may be seen in as­ sociation with other abnormalities, usually of the central nervous system.''
Optimal dynamic transport selection for wireless portable devices

Recent technological advances in mobile computing and wireless communication have made portable devices, such as PDA, laptops, and wireless modems to be very compact and affordable. On the other hand, wireless networks have gained such wide popularity that new network infrastructure is continually introduced. It is thus likely that many of the future portable devices will be equipped with multiple wireless modems such as Bluetooth and 802.11 WLAN, in order to increase device inter-operability. The availability of multiple modems can leverage the performance of the communication traffic generated by the applications, for example Internet access. We envision a tool for managing the device connection through these modems. At the core of this tool is an optimization engine that splits packet traffic across a subset of the available transports so that user's performance metrics are maximized. This paper describes a mathematical model for such an optimization problem considering its applicability to small portable devices. Relevant quality of service (QoS) parameters such as bandwidth, average delay, and energy consumption are covered in the model. The mathematical formulation is validated using a simulated environment. The experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness of our model and captured the inter-relationship among the quality parameters. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
State perspectives on hazardous materials management

Abstract The work and some general observations of the Emergency Management Project of the National Governors' Association in the United States are outlined. This is related to the concept of Comprehensive Emergency Planning and its applicability to state management of dangerous chemicals.
Spontaneous imbibition in porous basalt mediated by microbial perturbations

Abstract The fate and transport of organic contaminants in subsurface depend on complex interactions between several system components such as fluid chemistries, geochemistry, microbiology, geology, and physical parameters. This study describes imbibition studies to assess the incipient interaction between selected hydrocarbons and pertinent mineral surfaces as a function of aqueous phase chemistry and microbiological perturbation. Microbial perturbations may have significant impact with respect to monitoring the contaminants and finding better strategies for remediation. Basalt cores used in laboratory experiments were obtained at depths of 200 to 300 ft from a test well located at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL). Thin section analysis of core samples showed that the basalt was formed from feldspar and pyroxene crystals with most of the pore space occurring as vugs. Mercury injection tests indicated a wide range of pore throat sizes through which the vugs could be accessed. All of the vugs were connected by inter/intra crystalline pores that were less than about 0.5 μm in width. Although most pore space occurs as vugs, miscible displacement tracer tests did not reveal significant heterogeneity. Base-case spontaneous imbibition tests were conducted on cores that had been fully saturated with dodecane using synthetic groundwater as the invading phase. Imbibition tests were then performed against basalt with cell-free supernatants and sonicants (diluted by synthetic groundwater) of three indigenous microorganisms, Acinetobacter genospecies, Arthrobacter globiformis and Bacillus atrophaeus that had been isolated from the test well. Waterflooding was performed on each core after imbibition testing to obtain the Amott wettability index to water. Imbibition tests show that, although the basalt/dodecane/synthetic groundwater system was strongly water-wetted, the scaled imbibition rate was much slower than previously observed for other core types such as sandstone and limestone. The production of organics obtained by waterflooding after spontaneous imbibition was close to zero, indicating that the basalt was strongly water-wet. At the same time, the water permeability by waterflooding was often extremely small at imbibition residual organic saturation. The distribution of trapped oil and its effect on relative permeability in the crystalline matrix may explain the relatively slow imbibition rates that were observed. The addition of microbial components in the invading aqueous phase resulted in higher imbibition rates and final recovery of organics than observed for synthetic groundwater.
Female pheromones stimulate release of luteinizing hormone and testosterone without altering GnRH mRNA in adult male Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus).

In many species chemosensory stimuli function as important signals that influence reproductive status. Neurons synthesizing the peptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) are critical mediators of reproductive function via their regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis, and they are thought to be responsive to chemosensory information. In the present study, we sought to elucidate the effects of female chemosensory stimuli on the HPG axis in sexually naive adult male Syrian hamsters. In Experiment 1, serial blood samples were collected from catheterized male hamsters following exposure to female pheromones in order to characterize the luteinizing hormone (LH) response to this chemosensory stimulus. In Experiment 2, brains and terminal blood samples were collected from animals 0, 60, and 120 min following pheromone exposure. GnRH mRNA was measured in brain tissue sections using in situ hybridization, and plasma concentrations of LH and testosterone were measured using radioimmunoassay. Data from Experiment 1 indicated that female pheromones elicited a rapid rise in plasma LH that peaked at 15 min and returned to baseline 45 min after exposure. In Experiment 2, testosterone was elevated in terminal blood samples obtained 60 min, but not 120 min, after exposure to pheromones. LH levels were unaffected at both of these time points. The chemosensory-induced increases in LH and testosterone release were not accompanied by subsequent changes in GnRH mRNA over the time course studied. These data suggest that while activation of the male HPG axis by female pheromones involves release of GnRH, it does not involve increases in GnRH mRNA 1–2 h after pheromonal stimulation as a mechanism for replenishment of released peptide.
Effects of photochemical reactions of pyrene in alcohol and aqueous solvent systems on spectroscopic analyses

Although pyrene is a popular fluorescent molecular probe in analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, its photostability is hardly understood. This paper reports a surprising finding that pyrene undergoes significant photochemical reactions in alcohol and aqueous solvents under the condition of exposing a sample solution to excitation irradiation in an emission spectrometer for a short period of time. The reactions yield at least two photoproducts, whose fluorescence spectra overlap severely with that of pyrene. Implications of pyrene photochemical reactions in alcohol and aqueous solvent systems to existing and future applications of pyrene as a fluorescent molecular probe are discussed.
Possible relation between optical and very long baseline interferometer radio observations of the QSO 3C 345

Existing radio and optical data on the variability of the QSO 3C 345 are summarised. Interesting correlations between the polarisation in radio and optical bands are evident; moreover successive outbursts have similar polarisation. This suggests that all outbursts are triggered by activity in the same central object rather than being a consequence of unrelated explosions of supernovae or similar objects.
THE ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL OF MEASLES.

IN EPIDEMICS of measles and whooping cough, there is usually lacking that official alertness and public interest which characterize epidemics of smallpox, diphtheria and scarlet fever. When the former prevail the measures follow a routine and are performed as duties demanded by law and custom and with little hope of results. Failure on the part of the public to appreciate the importance of these diseases, and failure of our administrative methods to meet the special difficulties imposed by the peculiarities of the diseases themselves, apparently explain this attitude. The purpose of this paper is to outline a method of procedure designed to reduce the mortality of measles rather than its morbidity. Efforts to reduce the latter have been totally lacking in measurable results, since it is difficult to see how the disease could ever have been more prevalent than it is to-day. The decline in the measles death rate is the result of a decline in the case fatality rate and this is probably a byproduct of improved living conditions and of the general health.movement. At any rate the measles death rate fell a great deal further in our large cities between 1885 and 1900 than it has fallen since, though during the former period isolation, placarding and exclusion from school were far more imperfect than to-day (Figure I). It is fair to say that our activities have been of value principally in impressing the laity with the fact that measles is a disease potentially dangerous and therefore requires good medical and nursing care. It is true that in some instances measles epidemics have been prevented or, to speak more correctly, have been postponed a year or two but not on a scale sufficient to noticeably affect the death rate. It may be doubted on the other hand if it be desirable to increase the intervals between epidemics to as long as 20 or 25 years even if that were possible.
Muscarinic inhibition of prolactin production in cultures of rat pituitary cells.

Abstract Acetylcholine inhibits prolactin production from cell cultures of rat pituitary glands with a half-maximal effect at about 0.2 μM, and from GH-cells, clonal strains of rat pituitary cells, with a half-maximal effect at about 1 μM. The inhibition ranges between 80 and 40 % of control values. Inhibition is detectable at 2 hours, and continues for days in the presence of the anticholinesterase, eserine. Muscarinic agonists mimic the cholinergic inhibition and nicotinic agonists do not. The inhibition is blocked by atropine, a muscarinic antagonist, and not by hexamethonium, a nicotinic antagonist.