cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Markedly improving survival of neuroblastoma: a 30-year analysis of 1,646 patients

We sought to define current incidence trends and outcomes for pediatric patients with neuroblastoma. The SEER registry was queried from 1973 to 2002. Overall, 1,646 patients with neuroblastoma were identified. The annual incidence has remained unchanged at 0.9 per 100,000. The median age of the population was 1 year, with 42% of patients presenting at <1 year of age. The majority of tumors arose in the retroperitoneum (75.6%) with the remainder located in the mediastinum (15.3%), cervical region (6.6%) and pelvis (2.2%). Markedly improved survival has been noted in each decade (P < 0.002). Sixteen percent of lesions were over 10 cm in greatest dimension, while 84% were high-grade. Disease-specific survival at 1, 2, 5 and 20 years for the entire cohort was 81, 70, 61 and 59%, respectively. Superior survival was observed for infants <1 year of age (P < 0.001). Neuroblastomas in the mediastinum and pelvis had a better prognosis (P < 0.05) while high-grade and lesions over 10 cm carried a worse prognosis (P < 0.022). Surgery but not radiotherapy was associated with improvement in survival (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified age, tumor location, stage, decade of diagnosis and surgical treatment as independent prognostic factors. Neuroblastoma remains a common malignancy with markedly improving patient outcomes. Early diagnosis and surgical therapy continue to provide the best chance for cure. More effective therapies for patients presenting over 1 year of age or those with advanced disease are still needed.
The changing face of invasive fungal infections in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients.

Purpose of reviewTo review recent observations that describe changes in the likelihood of invasive fungal infections, shifts in types of fungal pathogens, and altered manifestations of fungal syndromes after hematopoietic cell transplantation and explore how changes in transplant practices are influ
A field study of a cognitive approach to understanding transformational and transactional leadership

Abstract A part of the cognitive model of transformational and transactional leadership proposed by Wofford and Goodwin (1994) was examined in a field setting. Ninety-six managers and 157 subordinates completed questionnaires that assessed transformational leadership and transactional leadership dimensions, four cognitive variables (i.e., follower-schemata, motivation-scripts, abstractness of vision, and idealization of vision) and three dependent variables (i.e., subordinate satisfaction with supervision, subordinate perception of leader effectiveness, and leaders' evaluation of group effectiveness). Partial Least Squares (PLS) analyses indicated that the data generally supported the hypothesized model. Some of the proposed relationships examined, however, were not statistically significant. Implications of the findings for application and future research were discussed.
Use of 20× Microscopes for the Psychomotor Dental Operations

In studying the characteristics of the dental amalgam restorations of 64 dental students, it is concluded that : (1) sporadic use of the microscope (20×) does not help to improve the performance of dental amalgam restorations;(2) it is hypothesized that continued use of the microscope during work performance may result in improved work performance; and(3) it is hypothesized that tactile and kinesthetic rather than visual abilities are the dominating factors in dental psychomotor performance.
USING TRAFFIC PREDICTION MODELS FOR PROVIDING PREDICTIVE TRAVELLER INFORMATION

As a subsystem of an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), an Advanced Traveller Information System (ATIS) disseminates real-time traffic information to travellers. To help travellers better make their route choice decisions, there is a strong need to predict traffic congestion and disseminate the predicted congestion information to travellers. This paper offers some insights and predictions on how ATIS information provision is becoming more pervasive due to recent advances in telecommunication systems. The paper also discusses how ATIS systems will likely evolve based on the experiences of Information Service Providers (ISP) and ATIS modelling specialists. Then, it reviews four types of prediction models: 1) simulation models; 2) dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) models; 3) statistical models; and 4) heuristic models. The functional requirements and capabilities of the four types of prediction models are discussed and summarised. Furthermore, a comprehensive prediction procedure is presented, which combines the four types of prediction models.
Distribution of cholinergic neuronal differentiation factor/leukemia inhibitory factor binding sites in the developing and adult rat nervous system in vivo

Cholinergic neuronal differentiation factor/leukemia inhibitory factor (CDF/LIF) is a multi-functional cytokine that affects neurons as well as many other cell types. Toward elucidating its neural functions in vivo, we previously investigated the distribution of CDF/LIF binding sites with iodinated native CDF/LIF in embryonic to postnatal day 0 (P0) rats. In the present study, we have extended our examination to postnatal ages and find that specific CDF/LIF binding sites are present at defined developmental stages in additional brain regions not previously exhibiting binding by P0. High levels of binding are detected in all P7 sensory and autonomic ganglia examined, but only in restricted postnatal central nervous system structures. Cranial motor and mesencephalic trigeminal neurons maintain high levels throughout, while binding to spinal motor neurons, which decreases to low levels at P0, reappears by P14 and increases with age. Most other structures, which show detectable binding by P0, exhibit higher levels at postnatal ages, including the red, deep, ventral cochlear, trapezoid, superior olivary, vestibular, ventral tegmental, and ventral posterior thalamic nuclei as well as the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb. High levels are also detected in several structures for the first time after P0, including the cerebellar cortex (molecular and Purkinje cell layers), lateral reticular nucleus of the medulla and reticular formation, as well as the reticulotegmental, medial geniculate, solitary (rostral, dorsomedial, and commissural regions), medial septal, lateral mammillary, and lateral habenular nuclei. These results not only identify regions of potential CDF/LIF-responsive neurons and glia throughout development but suggest new CDF/LIF roles in the nervous system. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 32: 163–192, 1997.
Two‐dimensional phase cycled reconstruction for inherent correction of echo‐planar imaging nyquist artifacts

The inconsistency of k-space trajectories results in Nyquist artifacts in echo-planar imaging (EPI). Traditional techniques often only correct for phase errors along the frequency-encoding direction (1D correction), which may leave significant residual artifacts, particularly for oblique-plane EPI or in the presence of cross-term eddy currents. As compared with 1D correction, two-dimensional (2D) phase correction can be much more effective in suppressing Nyquist artifacts. However, most existing 2D correction methods require reference scans and may not be generally applicable to different imaging protocols. Furthermore, EPI reconstruction with 2D phase correction is susceptible to error amplification due to subject motion. To address these limitations, we report an inherent and general 2D phase correction technique for EPI Nyquist removal. First, a series of images are generated from the original dataset, by cycling through different possible values of phase errors using a 2D reconstruction framework. Second, the image with the lowest artifact level is identified from images generated in the first step using criteria based on background energy in sorted and sigmoid-weighted signals. In this report, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our new method in removing Nyquist ghosts in single-shot, segmented and parallel EPI without acquiring additional reference scans and the subsequent error amplifications.
Spontaneous and induced homologous recombination between lacZ chromosomal direct repeats in CV-1 cells.

AlacZ substrate for intrachromosomal homologous recombination was generated at a specific site within the genome of CV-1 cells by FLP recombinase-mediated gene targeting. A histochemical stain was used to detect cells that contained recombinedlacZ genes. The spontaneous rate of homologous recombination was approximately 1×10−5 events per cell generation. Recombi nation was induced 30-fold in cells following exposure to mitomycin C (MMC) and by serum starvation. These results demonstrate the utility of the FLP recombinase in modifying the genome of mammalian cells in a predetermined manner and show that homologous recombination between direct repeats is increased in cells as a result of the withdrawal of serum growth factors.
Escalation of cocaine consumption in short and long access self-administration procedures

Abstract Background Escalation of consumption is a hallmark of cocaine addiction. Many animal models reveal escalation by increasing the duration of drug access (e.g., 6–24 h/day) after longer histories of self-administration. We recently developed a method that reveals escalation early post-acquisition under shorter access conditions. However, whether or not rats will escalate cocaine consumption both early post-acquisition under short access (2 h/day) conditions, and later under long access (6 h/day) conditions, has not been demonstrated. Methods All rats acquired cocaine self-administration (0.8 mg/kg, i.v.) under 2 h conditions, and then continued 2 h self-administration for an additional 13 sessions. Then, rats were assigned either to 2 or 6 h conditions, and self-administered cocaine (0.8 mg/kg, i.v.) for an additional 19 sessions. In addition, four cocaine-induced locomotor activity measurements were taken for each rat: before cocaine exposure, after non-contingent cocaine administration, and after escalation in the short and long access experimental phases. Results Following acquisition, rats displayed a robust escalation of intake during 2 h sessions. Rats that self-administered cocaine in continued 2 h sessions exhibited stable intake, whereas rats that self-administered cocaine in 6 h sessions further escalated intake. Despite the second escalation in 6 h rats, cocaine-induced locomotor activity did not differ between 2 and 6 h rats. Conclusions Escalation of cocaine self-administration can occur in the same rats both early post-acquisition, and later under long access conditions. Importantly, this early post-acquisition period provides a new opportunity to determine the mechanisms first involved in the escalation phenomenon.
Comparative sequence of the helper component (HC) region of potato virus Y and a HC-defective strain, potato virus C

Potato virus C (PVC), a non-aphid transmissible strain of potato virus Y (PVY), was found to code for a protein (PVC-HC) which is similar in molecular weight and immunological reactivity to the helper component protein of PVY (PVY-HC). PVC-HC, however, was inactive with respect to its ability to effect aphid transmission of either PVC or PVY. The 5'-terminal 2.7-kb regions of PVC and PVY were sequenced. Within the HC region there was 92% nucleotide homology between the two strains; comparison of the derived amino acid sequences revealed 24 amino acid differences. Comparison of the PVC-HC sequence with that of five potyviruses revealed 2 amino acid changes which were specific to PVC-HC. These amino acids are prime targets for mutational analysis of HC activity.
Structure-preserving model reduction of nonlinear building thermal models

Abstract This paper proposes an aggregation-based model reduction method for nonlinear models of multi-zone building thermal dynamics. The full-order model, which is already a lumped-parameter approximation, quickly grows in state space dimension as the number of zones increases. An advantage of the proposed method, apart from being applicable to the nonlinear thermal models, is that the reduced model obtained has the same structure and physical intuition as the original model. The key to the methodology is an analogy between a continuous-time Markov chain and the linear part of the thermal dynamics. A recently developed aggregation-based method of Markov chains is employed to aggregate the large state space of the full-order model into a smaller one. Simulations are provided to illustrate tradeoffs between modeling error and computation time.
Another look at the service encounter: Progressivity, intersubjectivity, and trust in a Japanese sushi restaurant

Abstract This paper explores the sequence organization of food orders in a Japanese restaurant. It examines a range of practices through which the recipient of the order privileges intersubjective understanding at the expense of sequence progressivity or vice versa. These practices center on the decision to repeat the order (or not) and the management of the repeat's intonation contour. Through the examination of sequence types in this context, the analysis shows that these conversational practices are vehicles for the construction of relationships between a restaurant chef and customers in a cross-cultural and cross-linguistic environment. Privileging progressivity in such sequences is argued to be a vehicle for the construction of affiliative chef–customer relationships in which mutual understanding is a ‘trusted’ outcome.
The Fractionation of Hydrolyzed Dextran by Ultrafiltration Through A Series of Anisotropic Cellulose Acetate Membranes

Abstract Dextran, a homopolyner consisting almost solely of 1,6-α- linked glucose units, was separated into five well defined, narrow range, low molecular weight fractions by sequential ultrafiltration, after controlled lydrolysis. A commercially available purified dextran preparation, D 10, with a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 10,980, was hydrolyzed with HCl to an average molecular weight of 4200. By ultrafiltration through a series of graded anisotropic cellulose acetate membranes of decreasing sore sizes, molecular weight fractions having Mw's of 7100, 6175, 4320, 2810 and 1565 were obtained. From Mw and sedimentation (S) values, the frictional coefficients were calculated for each fraction and the asymmetry ratios obtained therefrom.
On the Utility of Communication-Computation Overlap in Data-Parallel Programs

The computational speed of individual processors in distributed memory computers is increasing faster than the communication speed of the interconnection networks. This has led to the general perception among developers of compilers for data-parallel languages that overlapping communications with computations is an important optimization. We demonstrate that communication?computation overlap has limited utility. Overlapping communications with computations can never more than double the speed of a parallel application, and in practice the relative improvement in speed is usually far less than that. Most parallel algorithms have computational requirements that grow faster than their communication requirements. When this is the case, the gain from communication?computation overlap asymptotically approaches zero as the problem size increases.
Spotlight on strategic management

As this is the first bspotlight on strategic managementQ feature to appear in Business Horizons, it seems important to begin with a brief history of how the field developed before progressing on to an examination of current foci and future issues of potential importance. The field of strategic management has advanced substantially in both the theoretical domain and empirical research over the last 25 years. While the roots of the field can perhaps be traced back as early as 320 BC to the work of Sun Tsu, the evolution of the field in the last few decades has been dramatic (Hitt, Boyd, & Li, 2004). Recent work traced the intellectual structure of the field over the period 1980—2000 (RamosRodriguez & Ruiz-Navarro, 2004). Some of the most cited works represent particular perspectives such as industrial organization economics (Porter, 1980, 1985), corporate strategy-product diversification (Chandler, 1962; Rumelt, 1974), transaction cost economics (Williamson, 1975), evolutionary economics (Nelson & Winter, 1982), resource dependence (Pfeffer & Salancik, 1978), and the behavioral theory of the firm (Cyert & March, 1963). While agency theory and transaction cost economics have played prominent roles in building our understanding of executive and firm behavior,
CHARGING FOR MISSED SESSIONS: ETHICAL PROBLEM OR STRAW PERSON?

The subject of psychotherapists' charging patients for missed sessions is one of the important issues in professional ethics. It is better when not done at all, but the so-called flexible arrangements, although problematic in themselves, have less potential to damage the patient-therapist relationship than the exceptionless charging policy. Formal study is clearly needed.
Continuous phosphorylation of both the 47 and the 49 kDa proteins occurs during superoxide production by neutrophils.

Neutrophils stimulated with 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate release large quantities of superoxide (O2-) and exhibit an intense phosphorylation of two proteins with molecular masses of approx. 47 and 49 kDa. Treatment of unstimulated cells with antagonists of protein kinase C (e.g., staurosporine; 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7)) is known to inhibit both of these phenomena upon stimulation. These antagonists of PKC also cause a rapid cessation of O2- release when added to cells that are already stimulated. In this paper, we report that the addition of staurosporine or H-7 to stimulated neutrophils resulted in a rapid loss of 32P from both the 47 and the 49 kDa phosphoprotein bands, as detected by autoradiography. This suggests that these two proteins may be regulated by a continual cycle of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in the stimulated cell, with the phosphorylation reactions predominating, or undergo a rapid degradation subsequent to phosphorylation. Either explanation is consistent with the view that protein kinase C activity is necessary to both initiate and maintain O2- production in neutrophils stimulated with tumor promoters.
Social disorganization theory and the college campus

Abstract Researchers and the mass media have focused increasing attention on campus crime in light of a few high-profile incidents. While rare, these incidents are important because college students are less likely to attend, spend time on, or participate in social activities on high crime campuses. The current study contributed to research on campus crime by exploring the generalizability of the updated social disorganization model to campus communities by using data collected from Peterson's Guide to Four-Year Colleges and the Uniform Crime Report for the year 2000. While social structural features of campus populations are clearly associated with rates of campus property crime, the role of social organization is less certain. These results have implications for future research and crime prevention planning on college campuses.
Neural and behavioral correlates of pyrethroid and DDT-type poisoning in the house fly, Musca domestica L

Abstract Intact house flies were observed during poisoning caused by several pyrethroid and DDT-type insecticides. The two insecticide classes could be generally distinguished from each other based on differences in symptoms and several physiological correlates. Both insecticide types caused motor unit repetitive backfiring, but the temporal development and stability of repetitiveness were distinctly different between the two classes. Repetitive backfiring always disappeared at low temperatures, but DDT-type backfiring disappeared at lower temperatures than the pyrethroids. trans -Tetramethrin caused a threshold increase in flight motor nerve endings which did not occur in DDT or trans -Barthrin poisoning. Pyrethroids caused “uncoupling” of the flight motor pattern, while DDT-types did not. trans -Barthrin, a methylenedioxyphenyl pyrethroid, was unique in causing both symptoms and physiological aberrations which more closely resembled those of the DDT-types than the pyrethroids.
Care coordination metrics of patients sharing among physicians: a social network analytic approach

Social network analytic approaches have been previously proposed to identifying key metrics of physician care coordination [1]. Optimizing care coordination among physicians is a primary national concern for which yields significant cuts in medical care costs. We present a variation of physician collaboration metrics namely: 'care density', with our proposed 'weighted care density', 'time varying care density', and 'time varying weighted care density'.
Fragrance material review on 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-one

Abstract A toxicologic and dermatologic review of 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-one when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. 1-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-one is a member of the fragrance structural group Alkyl Cyclic Ketones. These fragrances can be described as being composed of an alkyl, R 1 , and various substituted and bicyclic saturated or unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons, R 2 , in which one of the rings may include up to 12 carbons. Alternatively, R 2 may be a carbon bridge of C2–C4 carbon chain length between the ketone and cyclic hydrocarbon. This review contains a detailed summary of all available toxicology and dermatology papers that are related to this individual fragrance ingredient and is not intended as a stand-alone document. Available data for 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-one were evaluated then summarized and includes physical properties data. A safety assessment of the entire Alkyl Cyclic Ketones will be published simultaneously with this document; please refer to Belsito et al. (Belsito, D., Bickers, D., Bruze, M., Calow, P., Dagli, M., Fryer, A.D., Greim, H., Miyachi, Y., Saurat, J.H., Sipes, I.G., 2013. A Toxicologic and Dermatologic Assessment of Alkyl Cyclic Ketones when used as fragrance ingredients. Submitted for publication) for an overall assessment of the safe use of this material and all Alkyl Cyclic Ketones in fragrances.
Authorizing Remote Job Execution Based on Job Properties

E-Science often requires access to remote Grid computing platforms. Current authorization systems on these remote systems have largely based decisions solely on the identity of the submitter -- the job is permitted to execute on the local resource if the job originates from an authenticated and authorized end-user. The problem with this approach is that there is no consideration to what the job will/should do when executed, so an errorful or malicious job -- even from what purports to be a trusted user -- can create significant damage before an operator notices and can kill or suspend the job. This paper presents a novel end-to-end job execution framework in which the properties (behavior) of the job are taken into account for the authorization decision. Experimental results show the duration to perform the authorization and to establish a subsequent restrictive execution context is sufficiently low -- our observed overhead of 253.1 ms on commodity hardware is an acceptable cost for most Grid applications to pay to achieve this more secure execution environment.
The Rhetorical Evolution of the Alamo

The Alamo has become a source of great rhetorical power as the central myth of Texas. Many scholars, in fact, point to the myth of the Alamo as an explanation as to the bifurcated Anglo/Tejano social structure that exists today in the state. However, the myth used to support this structure bears little resemblance to the original event. This essay uses the Alamo to propose a rhetorical theory of mythic development that explains the general purpose through which mythic narratives evolve rhetorically over time and their subsequent impact on social structures. Drawing from the theories of Kenneth Burke, this article advances a three-part evolutionary form based on affirmation, negation, and reaffirmation to outline the progression of this myth.
Effects of scheduling and ascites-associated macrophages on combined antiproliferative activity of alpha-2b interferon and gamma-interferon in a clonogenic assay.

Effects of combination treatment with human recombinant alpha-2b interferon (IFN-α2b) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and sequencing of the combination on colony formation of human tumor cells were studied in a human tumor clonogenic assay (HTCA) with or without ascites-associated macrophages (AAM). Five different human tumor cell lines were studied. Three of the five cell lines (ovarian cancer cell line BG-1, cervical cancer cell line ME-180, and melanoma cell line SK-MEL 28) were sensitive to both IFNs.Cervical cancer cell line CaSki was sensitive to IFN-α2b but resistant to IFN-γ. Endometrial cancer cell line HEC-1A was resistant to both IFNs. Synergistic interaction was observed in BG-1 and SK-MEL 28 with a combination of the IFNs. ME-180 did not exhibit a positive interaction, in spite of its sensitivity to each IFN. CaSki and HEC-1A also did not exhibit a positive combined interaction at clinically achievable concentrations. One sequential combination method (method 1: IFN-α2b → IFN gamma with a 24-h interval) resulted in a similar antitumor effect as the simultaneous combination. A reversed sequential method (method 2: IFN-γ → IFN-α2b with a 24-h interval) was less effective in three of the five cell lines. In BG-1, AAM enclosed in the lower layer markedly enhanced the antitumor effect of combined IFNs as well as each IFN alone. The antitumor effect with method 1 was significantly greater than that achieved with simultaneous combination or combination according to method 2 in the presence of AAM (P<0.01). These results suggest that (1) a synergistic antitumor effect of IFN-α2b and IFN gamma is demonstrable in selected types of tumors, depending upon the sensitivity of each tumor cell line to both IFNs; (2) optimal scheduling for the direct antitumor effect of combined IFNs seems to be long-term exposure of cells to the IFN, the cells being treated with both IFNs either simultaneously or sequentially (IFN-α2b preceding IFN-γ); and (3) AAM potentiate the antitumor effect of IFNs either alone or in combination. Finally, IFN-α2b may have some priming effects for the indirect effect of IFN gamma mediated through AAM in certain tumor cells.
Steady‐state transposon mutagenesis in inbred maize

We implement a novel strategy for harnessing the power of high-copy transposons for functional analysis of the maize genome, and report behavioral features of the Mutator system in a uniform inbred background. The unique UniformMu population and database facilitate high-throughput molecular analysis of Mu-tagged mutants and gene knockouts. Key features of the population include: (i) high mutation frequencies (7% independent seed mutations) and moderation of copy number (approximately 57 total Mu elements; 1-2 MuDR copies per plant) were maintained by continuous back-crossing into a phenotypically uniform inbred background; (ii) a bz1-mum9 marker enabled selection of stable lines (loss of MuDR), inhibiting further transpositions in lines selected for molecular analysis; (iii) build-up of mutation load was prevented by screening Mu-active parents to exclude plants carrying pre-existing seed mutations. To create a database of genomic sequences flanking Mu insertions, selected mutant lines were analyzed by sequencing of MuTAIL PCR clone libraries. These sequences were annotated and clustered to facilitate bioinformatic subtraction of ancestral elements and identification of insertions unique to mutant lines. New insertions targeted low-copy, gene-rich sequences, and in silico mapping revealed a random distribution of insertions over the genome. Our results indicate that Mu populations differ markedly in the occurrence of Mu insertion hotspots and the frequency of suppressible mutations. We suggest that controlled MuDR copy number in UniformMu lines is a key determinant of these differences. The public database (http://uniformmu.org; http://endosperm.info) includes pedigree and phenotypic data for over 2000 independent seed mutants selected from a population of 31 548 F2 lines and integrated with analyses of 34 255 MuTAIL sequences.
Esthesioneuroblastoma: Updating Histologic Grading as It Relates to Prognosis

Objective:The Hyams grading system has been extensively used to predict prognosis in patients with esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB). However, most studies showing prognostic correlation group grading in...
Effects of Regional Temperature on Electric Vehicle Efficiency, Range, and Emissions in the United States

We characterize the effect of regional temperature differences on battery electric vehicle (BEV) efficiency, range, and use-phase power plant CO2 emissions in the U.S. The efficiency of a BEV varies with ambient temperature due to battery efficiency and cabin climate control. We find that annual energy consumption of BEVs can increase by an average of 15% in the Upper Midwest or in the Southwest compared to the Pacific Coast due to temperature differences. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from BEVs vary primarily with marginal regional grid mix, which has three times the GHG intensity in the Upper Midwest as on the Pacific Coast. However, even within a grid region, BEV emissions vary by up to 22% due to spatial and temporal ambient temperature variation and its implications for vehicle efficiency and charging duration and timing. Cold climate regions also encounter days with substantial reduction in EV range: the average range of a Nissan Leaf on the coldest day of the year drops from 70 miles on the Pacific Coast to less than 45 miles in the Upper Midwest. These regional differences are large enough to affect adoption patterns and energy and environmental implications of BEVs relative to alternatives.
Psychometric Properties of the Esteem for Least Preferred Coworker (LPC Scale)

The factor structure, alternative scoring procedures, and reliability of the LPC scale are reviewed. Discussion and specific suggestions for future use of the LPC scale center on four issues: stability and change of LPC, role of item content, use of middle-LPC respondents, and stereotypic responses to the LPC scale.
Visual Hallucinations During Hallucinogenic Experience and Schizophrenia

The visual hallucinations experienced by a 26-year-old woman under the influence of hallucinogens and during schizophrenia are described. Three types of hallucinations are delineated: (1) superimposed hallucinations, (2) spatial and depth distortions, and (3) animations. These three types of hallucinations appear to represent consecutive gradations on a continuum of the ego function of reality testing, with superimposed hallucinations revealing the least and animations the greatest degree of disorientation. The findings of the present study indicate the need for a research design that compares the hallucinations of schizophrenics to the toxic hallucinations of nonschizophrenics.
Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) Attacking Species of Medicinal Herbal Plants

Abstract Research was conducted on the production potential of selected medicinal herbal plant species as new crops suitable for cultivation in South Carolina. Whiteflies (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring) were found in an experimental production field infesting five perennial species of medicinal herbal plants [feverfew, Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz-Bipontinus; St. John’s wort, Hypericum perforatum L.; purple coneflower, Echinacea pallida (Nuttall) Nuttall and E. purpurea (L.) Moench; and common valerian, Valeriana officinalis L.]. This article reports on whiteflies attacking and developing on these plant species. Density of whitefly nymphs was highest (mean = 2.3/cm2) on the second fully expanded leaf on the apical meristem of E. purpurea as compared with the same leaf position on the other plant species where average whitefly density ranged from 0.1 to 0.6 nymphs per square centimeter from late November 1998 through January 1999. Similarly, adult capture on sticky cards was high (mean = 123 ...
Mental Health Service Utilization Among Natural Disaster Survivors With Perceived Need for Services

Objective:This study explored predisposing, illness-related, and enabling factors as predictors of mental health service use among disaster survivors with perceived need for services.Methods:Participants (N=658) were part of a three-wave, population-based study of Hurricane Ike survivors. At each wave, participants were asked whether they perceived having a need for mental health services, for example, information about stress reactions and medication for emotional problems. Those with perceived need were asked about use of eight services, such as a psychiatrist or physician, to address needs. Generalized estimating equations examined predisposing, illness-related, and enabling factors as predictors of service use among participants with perceived need (N=304).Results:More general stressors (predisposing factor) and insurance coverage (enabling factor) predicted service use among participants with perceived need.Conclusions:The results suggest that expanded access to services that do not require insurance...
Mutual diffusion coefficients and densities at 298.15 K of aqueous mixtures of NaCl and Na2SO4 for six different solute fractions at a total molarity of 1.500 mol.dm-3 and of aqueous Na2SO4

Isothermal mutual diffusion coefficients (interdiffusion coefficients) were measured for ternary aqueous mixtures of NaCl and Na2SO4 at a constant total molarity of 1.500 mol·dm-3 at 298.15 K, using Rayleigh interferometry with computerized data acquisition. The experiments were performed at NaCl molarity fractions of z1 = 1, 0.90, 0.75, 0.50, 0.25, and 0. These measurements supplement our earlier results at total molarities of 0.500 and 1.000 mol·dm-3. Diffusion coefficients were also measured at three additional concentrations of Na2SO4(aq). Densities of all solutions were measured with a vibrating tube densimeter. At all ternary solution compositions, one cross-term diffusion coefficient has small negative values whereas the other has larger positive values. Comparing the results at 0.500, 1.000, and 1.500 mol·dm-3 shows that both main-term diffusion coefficients decrease with increasing total concentration at any fixed value of z1, whereas both cross-term coefficients are shifted in a positive directi...
Terminating Alliances: Why Do States Abrogate Agreements?

Are binding international agreements only valuable as matters stand (rebus sic stantibus), or are pacts respected in good faith regardless of changing circumstances (pacta sunt servanda)? In this article, we examine this question with respect to military alliance agreements, and we find that alliances are more likely to be abrogated opportunistically when one or more members experience changes that affect the value of the alliance, for instance a change in international power, a change in domestic political institutions, or the formation of a new outside alliance. We also find, however, that controlling for such changes, factors that affect the costs of breaking commitments (for example, democracy and issue linkage) reduce the probability that leaders will abandon their alliances in violation of their terms. We evaluate our argument empirically on a sample of bilateral alliances formed between 1816 and 1989 using competing risks duration analysis and find support for our hypotheses.
Genetic identification and color descriptions of early life-history stages of Belizean Phaeoptyx and Astrapogon (Teleostei: Apogonidae) with Comments on identification of adult Phaeoptyx

Phaeoptyx and Astrapogon are represented in the Caribbean by six species (P. conklini, P. pigmentaria, P. xenus, A. alutus, A. stellatus, and A. puncticulatus). Species identification of larvae and juveniles is problematic because characters used to distinguish adults (e.g., patterns of pigmentation and numbers of gill rakers) are absent, incomplete, or difficult to discern in the young stages. Neighbor-joining trees derived from mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 sequences (DNA Barcoding) were used to match early life stages and adults. Subsequent comparative analysis of preserved voucher specimens from which the DNA was extracted or digital color photographs of those specimens taken prior to preservation yielded sufficient information to separate all early life-history stages of Belizean Phaeoptyx and Astrapogon and provided additional information for field identification of adult Phaeoptyx. Patterns of chromatophores in fresh material, combined with patterns of melanophores, provide the easiest means of separating the life-history stages of Phaeoptyx. Larvae of Astrapogon species are morphologically very similar, and some differences in pigmentation detected among them may reflect different stages of development. Continued implementation of the DNA Barcoding methods and field protocol outlined herein should prove valuable in accurately identifying much more of the ichthyoplankton fauna of the Caribbean.
Automatically grading Java programming assignments via reflection, inheritance, and regular expressions

A suite of programs that performs the automatic grading of Java programming assignments is described. This suite has been used in the Introduction to Computer Science course at Rutgers University since the Spring 2000 semester where it grades some 400-600 weekly assignments. The time to grade the submissions is a matter of minutes on a 500 MHZ PC. The development process for a typical assignment that includes the development of the required assignment-specific evaluation software is in the order of 8 hours. The programming system derives its ability to grade in the presence of errors from the use of the Java reflection classes, the Java inheritance mechanism, and Perl regular expressions. The reflection classes allow a student program's methods to be individually found and executed independently of how they are actually named by the student. The Java inheritance mechanism allows a flawed student method to be overridden with a known good method so the evaluation may proceed. The regular expressions allow the student's program output to be gleaned for information even if the output does not adhere to specified format. The regular expressions are also used to scan the student's source code for desirable or undesirable coding patterns. In addition, the systems programming aspects of Perl are used to extract the student programs from the environment where they are submitted and to construct the environment in which they are compiled, executed, and evaluated. To date about 32000 student programs have been graded by this system.
UNDERNUTRITION AS AN UNDERLYING CAUSE OF MALARIA MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN CHILDREN LESS THAN FIVE YEARS OLD

Undernutrition is highly prevalent in many areas in which morbidity and mortality from malaria is unac- ceptably high. That undernutrition exacerbates diarrhea and respiratory infections is widely demonstrated; however, research suggests that it may exacerbate, palliate, or have little effect on malaria outcomes. This review examines the global burden of malaria associated with various nutrient deficiencies as well as underweight status in children 0�4 years of age. Although the association is complex and requires additional research, improved nutritional status lessens the severity of malaria episodes and results in fewer deaths due to malaria. Deficiencies in vitamin A, zinc, iron, folate, as well as other micronutrients are responsible for a substantial proportion of malaria morbidity and mortality. It is recommended that nutrition programs be integrated into existing malaria intervention programs.
SiGe Receiver Front Ends for Millimeter-Wave Passive Imaging

A wideband 77-GHz front-end receiver for passive imaging has been designed and characterized. This system comprises a fully differential low-noise amplifier (LNA), double-balanced mixer, and voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). The 77-GHz LNA achieves 4.9-6.0-dB noise figure (NF), 18-26-dB gain, and S11 and S22 of - 13.0 and - 12.8 dB, respectively. The double-balanced mixer achieves 12-14-dB NF, 20-26-dB conversion gain, and -26-dBm P1dB (input referred). The VCO achieves output power from - 2 to 0 dBm with phase noise of ~ -93 dBc/Hz at 72 GHz, and can be tuned by approximately 3 GHz. The NF can be substantially improved with the addition of image-reject Chebyshev bandpass filters at the interface between the LNA and mixer. The 77-GHz receiver achieves 40-46-dB max conversion gain, output-referred P1dB of 2 dBm, and power dissipation of 195 mW. A 90-GHz LNA has also been characterized as an integral part of a higher resolution 94-GHz imager. This LNA achieves 22-dB maximum gain, 7.0-dB NF, and - 25- and - 10-dB S11 and S22 , respectively, at 90 GHz. This LNA also exhibits excellent ultra-wideband performance, achieving ges 10-dB gain from 40 to 100 GHz.
QUALITY AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF MECHANICALLY DEBONED SPENT LAYER MEAT CHILLED WITH LIQUID NITROGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDF “SNOW”

Mechanically deboned spent layer meat (MDSLM) was chilled with liquid nitrogen (LN), or CO2 snow and frozen in an air blast freezer. Samples of this material were held at either 2°C for 8 days of storage or −18°C for up to 6 months of frozen storage. CO2-treated samples held for 8 days at 2°C had higher TBA values and higher expansion values than LN2-treated samples. No differences in TBA value or can pressure were noted for samples stored at −18°C. LN2 and CO2-treated samples were less pink than control samples after 6 months storage at −18°C. Chilling with LN, and CO2 and holding at 2°C resulted in increased shelf life as evaluated by a sensory panel; the opposite effect was noted for storage at −18°C. Samples stored at 2°C showed comparable numbers of microorganisms but resulted in different sensory properties.
Test compaction methods for transition faults under transparent-scan

Transparent-scan was proposed as an approach to test generation and test compaction for scan circuits. Its effectiveness was demonstrated earlier in reducing the test application time for stuck-at faults. The authors show that similar advantages exist when considering transition faults. The authors first show that a test sequence under the transparent-scan approach can imitate the application of broadside tests for transition faults. Test compaction can proceed similar to stuck-at faults by omitting test vectors from the test sequence. Two new approaches for enhancing test compaction are described. Under the first approach, additional broadside tests are embedded in the transparent-scan sequence without increasing its length or reducing its fault coverage. This allows additional vectors to be omitted from the test sequence. Under the second approach, the order by which broadside tests appear in the transparent-scan sequence is modified so as to reduce the compacted sequence length. The authors also discuss the generation of several transparent-scan sequences of limited lengths by partitioning the broadside tests among different sequences.
Lactic Dehydrogenase in the Serum of Newborn Infants with Jaundice

The concentration of LDH in the serum of normal newborn infants tends to be greater than in that of normal older children and adults. The concentration of LDH in the serum of infants suffering from erythroblastosis fetalis is very variable and may be increased much above that of normal infants. A considerable number of babies with erythroblastosis fetalis have higher concentrations of LDH and lower concentrations of indirect-reacting bilirubin in their serum than do babies with physiologic jaundice (hyperbilirubinemia). However, among the infants studied, there is no consistent correlation between the concentration of serum LDH and that of indirect-reacting bilirubin. In infants being treated by exchange transfusion, the rise and fall of serum LDH and bilirubin tend to parallel each other.
Effects of an Export Embargo on Related Goods: Logs and Lumber

This paper extends and applies the Marshallian derived demand model in the context of international trade. The model is utilized to derive estimates of the market equilibrium, net welfare, and welfare incidence effects of a hypothetical embargo of softwood log exports from the Pacific Coast region of the United States. The approach is potentially applicable to the analysis of various restrictions on primary products exports which may be instituted to maintain the viability of domestic processing industries.
Using Smartphone Technology to Assess the Food Safety Practices of Farmers’ Market Foodservice Employees

Due to the danger of food-borne illnesses associated with temporary foodservice establishments coupled with the increasing popularity of farmers’ markets, there is a growing need for an authentic examination of employees’ food safety practices. This study adopted a technology-based observational tool to assess whether farmers’ market foodservice employees performed proper hand-washing behaviors. Using smartphones, a total of 73 farmers’ market employees were observed, with their hand-washing behaviors compared to the Indiana State Health Code and County Health Inspector’s requirements. Results indicated that the frequency of hand washing varies depending on employee’s role, market location, and market size.
Cellulose-Microfibril Assembly and Orientation in Higher Plant Cells with Particular Reference to Seedlings of Zea mays

Cellulose-microfibril synthesis and deposition is one of the key events in plant-cell growth and differentiation. Microfibrils are deposited in highly organized layers to form the structural backbone of the cell wall (Preston, 1974). A complex mixture of other macromolecules interact with cellulose to give the cell wall strength, but yet allow it the property of extensibility (Cleland, 1971; Northcote, 1972). An important point of regulation of cell growth is the control of the orientation of microfibril deposition. In most growing cells, the overall axes of microfibril deposition are transverse with respect to the longitudinal cell axis (Roelofsen, 1965). This arrangement of microfibrils results in cellular extension along a longitudinal axis during growth (Green, 1974; Roelofsen, 1965).
Central Noradrenergic Receptors: Localization, Function and Molecular Mechanisms

Fluorescence histochemical data make it eminently clear that the catecholamine-containing neurons of the brain are restricted to a relatively small region of the pons and mesencephalon and yet send very discrete axonal tracts to spinal cord, diencephalon and cortices. In order to determine the effects of norepinephrine (NE) on postsynaptic neurons and the changes in these effects produced by drugs which influence behavior, the location and function of the presumed NE-mediated synapses must be determined for each of the regions receiving these fibers. Such data has now been accumulated in detail for the NE projection to the cerebellum (see below) and has been partially elucidated for several other regions. This paper will describe the methods now being used in our laboratory to determine the localization and function of NE-mediated synapses.