cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Effects in People’s Daily Life, Social Media’s Role and the Power of Emotions and Mind

Recently the world community was faced with a health problem unprecedented for the inhabitants of the planet. A virus unknown to the general public struck societies with greater speed and force than a conflict or a world war. The thousands of victims continue to be added to the daily medical reports with profound social and economic consequences. Residents publish news daily updates about surveillance and active cases on websites and social media may lead to (mis)information which in turn may cause problems of phobias depression and anxiety among general population forming risk perceptions. Fake news sharing has become uncontrolled in today’s digital world. This paper highlights the role of social media on creation of fear, the human’s role and implications for communities that need to pay more attention to social and mental health problems and minimize the proliferation of misinformation.
Recovery Room Protocols for Nursing in Ambulatory Surgery Centers (ASCs) and Hospital Outpatient Departments (HOPDs)

Outpatient surgeries have increased dramatically over the last three decades. Recovery Room protocols for nursing in ambulatory settings can improve quality of care through standardization of practice to follow evidence-based guidelines. Protocols should be developed using a multidisciplinary team. Fast-track protocols, where patients are able to bypass phase I of recovery, can lead to decreased length of stay and are an economically efficient model. Pain assessment scales are important for the development of pain management protocols that should employ a multimodal approach to pain management. Postoperative nausea and vomiting is a common cause of delayed discharge and unplanned admissions. Nursing protocols for postoperative nausea and vomiting that rely on nurse assessments, communication, and protocolized treatments may further improve quality of care. Hypothermia protocols should similarly be developed to correct hypothermia aggressively due to associated risks including impaired wound healing, adverse cardiac events, altered drug metabolism, and coagulopathies.
Fusion systems with U3(3) J-components

Abstract We determine the 2-fusion systems of J-component type in which the centralizer of some fully centralized involution has a maximal J-component that is the 2-fusion system of U 3 ( 3 ) .
Predictive value of the 5-factor modified frailty index in oncologic and benign hysterectomies

Objectives: The modified frailty index (mFI-5) is a five-factor National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP)-based index that has been shown to predict the likelihood of postoperative mortality and morbidity across some surgical specialties. Its validity as a predictive tool has not yet been compared between benign gynecology and gynecologic oncology patients. This study quantifies the predictive value of the mFI-5 in identifying women at increased risk for major postoperative complications, readmission, or death within 30 days of hysterectomy for benign and oncologic indications. Methods: Patients who underwent hysterectomy between 2015 and 2017 were identified from the NSQIP database and stratified into benign or malignant indication by postop diagnosis. The oncology group was further stratified by cancer type. Demographic and mFI-5 variables (hypertension requiring medication, partially-dependent or dependent functional status, insulin-dependent diabetes, COPD, and congestive heart failure) were extracted from the database. The mFI-5 was calculated by dividing the sum of all affirmative variables by the total number of input variables in the database, with a higher mFI-5 score indicating a higher degree of frailty. Logistic regression modeling was performed adjusting for ASA class, wound class, patient age, operative time/surgical complexity, and inpatient status. C-statistic with 95% CI was obtained post-regression. Results: 80,293 hysterectomies were identified, with 59,078 benign cases and 21, 215 oncologic cases. Benign patients were more likely to have an mFI-5 score of 0 (70% vs 50%, p=0.001) and shorter operative times (p=0.001). They were also younger (p=0.001) and less obese (p=0.001). In the benign group, mFI-5 was a strong predictor of mortality (c=0.795, CI 0.0.684-0.905). Among benign cases, a 1-unit increase in mFI-5 score increased odds of readmission and major complication by 4.9 times and 2.1 times, respectively (Table 1). Within the oncology group, the mFI-5 was similarly a strong predictor of mortality (c=0.770, CI 0.710-0.830), particularly for uterine cancer and cervical cancer (Table 1). It was moderately predictive of readmission (c=0.662, CI 0.646-0.677) and major complication (c=0.679, CI 0.666-0.692), and strongly predictive of major complication among some cancer subgroups (Table 1). Among oncologic cases, a 1-unit increase in mFI-5 score increased odds of readmission and major complication by 2.4 times and 2.2 times, respectively (Table 1). Download : Download high-res image (390KB) Download : Download full-size image Conclusions: The mFI-5, comprised of 5 easily-captured baseline health factors, is a strong predictor of 30-day mortality and good predictor of readmission and major complications following hysterectomy in both benign and oncologic patient populations. Notably, its predictive ability varied by gynecologic cancer type. These findings have the potential to improve identification of high-risk patients in the pre-operative setting.
Morphological design strategies to tailor out-of-plane charge transport in conjugated polymer systems for device applications

The transport of charge carriers throughout an active conjugated polymer (CP) host, characterized by a heterogeneous morphology of locally varying degrees of order and disorder, profoundly influences the performance of CP-based electronic devices, including diodes, photovoltaics, sensors, and supercapacitors. Out-of-plane charge carrier mobilities (μout-of-plane) across the bulk of the active material host and in-plane mobilities (μin-plane) parallel to a substrate are highly sensitive to local morphological features along their migration pathways. In general, the magnitudes of μout-of-plane and μin-plane are very different, in part because these carriers experience different morphological environments along their migration pathways. Suppressing the impact of variations in the morphological order/disorder on carrier migration remains an important challenge. While much is known about μin-plane and its optimization for devices, the current challenges are associated with μout-of-plane and its optimization for device performance. Therefore, this review is devoted to strategies for improving μout-of-plane in neat CP films and the implications for more complex systems, such as D:A blends which are relevant to OPV devices. The specific strategies discussed for improving μout-of-plane include solvent/field processing methods, chemical modification, thickness confinement, chemical additives, and different post-annealing strategies, including annealing with supercritical fluids. This review leverages the most recent fundamental understanding of mechanisms of charge transport and connections to morphology, identifying robust design strategies for targeted improvements of μout-of-plane.
Non-operative Treatment of Spondylolisthesis

Spondylolisthesis occurs when a vertebra slips anteriorly relative to the vertebra below it. This chapter defines what is known about the natural history of this condition as well as delineating the benefits of specific non-surgical interventions. These slips occur because of a defect in the posterior elements of the spine which can be either dysplastic or traumatic in nature. Most of what is written about spondylolisthesis is clumped together with spondylolysis, but this chapter uniquely looks specifically at spondylolisthesis separately. The natural history studies have all shown a very benign prognosis for low-grade spondylolisthesis, when the slip is less than 50 % of the width of the vertebra; the vast majority of these patients either are asymptomatic or have successful control of their back pain symptoms with physical therapy and other non-operative interventions. Progression of low-grade slips to high-grade slips (>50 % translation) is very rare, and almost unheard of in the older adolescent or skeletally mature patient. High-grade slips, while more likely to be symptomatic, still frequently respond to conservative measures such as physical therapy and brace treatment. The patients most at risk for progression of their slip and fail conservative measures include the younger, actively growing patient, especially those with a dysplastic slip. Initial treatment of symptomatic spondylolisthesis should include activity restriction and physical therapy. The use of brace treatment is more controversial as there are no controlled studies proving its benefit over therapy alone, but it still represents a common component of treatment for many practitioners. At the end of the chapter the authors delineate their own treatment regimen.
From Flow Instability to Flow-Induced Excitation

Although most flow-induced vibrations of structures have their ultimate origin in an instability of the flow, they comprise a multitude of complex and seemingly unrelated flow phenomena. An attempt is made to show that common to all these phenomena are a few essentially identical excitation or control mechanisms: extraneous control through periodic disturbances and self-control involving either fluid-dynamic, fluid-resonant, or fluid-elastic feedback. The significance and general characteristics of these mechanisms are examined in detail and illustrated by various modifications of a submerged two-dimensional jet as well as by numerous examples of familiar flow-induced excitations.
Giant resonances in 24 Mg

The giant resonance region in ${}^{24}\mathrm{Mg}$ was studied with inelastic scattering of 240 MeV \ensuremath{\alpha} particles at small angles including 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The giant resonance peak was found to extend up to ${E}_{X}=41\mathrm{MeV}.$ Isoscalar $E0,$ $E1,$ and $E2$ strength corresponding to $72\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10%,$ ${81}_{\ensuremath{-}14}^{+26}%,$ and $72\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10%$ of the respective energy weighted sum rules was identified in the peak with centroids of $21.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6,$ $18.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.7,$ and $16.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6\mathrm{MeV}$ and rms widths of $7.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.2,$ $6.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0,$ and $3.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5\mathrm{MeV},$ respectively. Elastic scattering was measured from ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}=3\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ to 33\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and density dependent folding model parameters obtained. Inelastic scattering to states at 1.369, 4.122, 4.238, 6.010, 6.432, 7.349, 7.555, 7.616, and 8.358 MeV was measured and $B(\mathrm{EL})$ values obtained.
The role of school-based colleagues in shaping the commitment of novice special and general education teachers

We compare beginning special and general education teachers’ access to school-based colleagues. Our findings demonstrate that colleague relationships are critical for the experiences of beginning teachers, as are the school organizational norms that these beginning teachers experience. For special education teachers in particular, perception of colleague support was a strong predictor of retention plans. Similar results were seen with respect to their perception of the level of collective responsibility among the faculty. Taken together, these results suggest that schools and districts should make efforts to facilitate productive relationships between general and special education faculty, as well as to differentiate induction support for beginning special educators.
Systematic Design of Two-Party Authentication Protocols

We investigate protocols for authenticated exchange of messages between two parties in a communication network. Secure authenticated exchange is essential for network security. It is not difficult to design simple and seemingly correct solutions for it, however, many such 'solutions' can be broken. We give some examples of such protocols and we show a useful methodology which can be used to break many protocols. In particular, we break a protocol that is being standardized by the ISO.We present a new authenticated exchange protocol which is both provably secure and highly efficient and practical. The security of the protocol is proven, based on an assumption about the the cryptosystem employed (namely, that it is secure when used in CBC mode on a certain message space). We think that this assumption is quite reasonable for many cryptosystems, and furthermore it is often assumed in practical use of the DES cryptosystem. Our protocol cannot be broken using the methodology we present (which was strong enough to catch all protocol flaws we found). The reduction to the security of the encryption mode, indeed captures the non-existence of the exposures that the methodology catches (specialized to the actual use of encryption in our protocol). Furthermore, the protocol prevents chosen plaintext or ciphertext attacks on the cryptosystem.The proposed protocol is efficient and practical in several aspects. First, it uses only conventional cryptography (like the DES, or any privately-shared one-way function) and no public-key. Second, the protocol does not require synchronized clocks or counter management. Third, only a small number of encryption operations is needed (we use no decryption), all with a single shared key. In addition, only three messages are exchanged during the protocol, and the size of these messages is minimal. These properties are similar to existing and proposed actual protocols. This is essential for integration of the proposed protocol into existing systems and embedding it in existing communication protocols.
A Symmetrical Communication Interface for Distributed-Memory Computers

example, both sends and receives can operate on both Applications have very diverse communication local and remote buffers. Although this communication requirements. Although individual algorithms often use model does not correspond directly to the low-level regular communication patterns, there is little regularity communication primitives supported by the hardware, it across applications or even across different phases of the can be implemented efficiently, and it gives the users same application. For this reason, a low-level more control over how and when transfers over the communication interface should support the unrestricted, network takes place. The interface is the lowest-level reliable exchange of variable-length messages. communication interface for the Nectar multicomputer.
Evaluating the accuracy of electronic pediatric drug dosing rules

Objective To determine the accuracy of vendor-supplied dosing eRules for pediatric medication orders. Inaccurate or absent dosing rules can lead to high numbers of false alerts or undetected prescribing errors and may potentially compromise safety in this already vulnerable population. Materials and methods 7 months of medication orders and alerts from a large pediatric hospital were analyzed. 30 medications were selected for study across 5 age ranges and 5 dosing parameters. The resulting 750 dosing rules from a commercial system formed the study corpus and were examined for accuracy against a gold standard created from traditional clinical resources. Results Overall accuracy of the rules in the study corpus was 55.1% when the rules were transformed to fit a priori age ranges. Over a pediatric lifetime, the dosing rules were accurate an average of 57.6% of the days. Dosing rules pertaining to the newborn age range were as accurate as other age ranges on average, but exhibited more variability. Daily frequency dosing parameters showed more accuracy than total daily dose, single dose minimum, or single dose maximum. Discussion The accuracy of a vendor-supplied set of dosing eRules is suboptimal when compared with traditional dosing sources, exposing a gap between dosing rules in commercial products and actual prescribing practices by pediatric care providers. More research on vendor-supplied eRules is warranted in order to understand the effects of these products on safe prescribing in children.
Incorporating Intel ® MMX$^{\rm TM}$ technology into a Java$^{\rm TM}$ JIT compiler$^{1}$

Intel ® MMX${}^{\rm TM}$ technology can be exploited by a Java${}^{\rm TM}$ JIT compiler to speedup the execution of integer operations. While translating bytecode into Intel machine code, the compiler identifies innermost loops that allow the same integer operations to be applied to multiple data elements in parallel and generates code that uses Intel ® MMX${}^{\rm TM}$ technology to execute these loops in SIMD fashion. In the context of JIT compilation, compile-time directly contributes to the run-time of the application. Therefore, limiting program analysis-time and synthesis-time is even more important than in a static compilation model. The compiler must also ensure that arithmetic precision and the exception handling semantics specified by the JVM are preserved.
Server Independent Personalization for Effective Searching in the World Wide Web

Effective Web searching involves two components: (1) a search tool must know about and characterize as many Web pages as possible and (2) it must match a user query to the most suitable resource. The essential problem addressed by personalization systems relates to the second component of Web searching. How can the information that a search service holds about resources available on the Web be matched to the diverse needs of the global user base? In this paper we introduce an alternative to the usual model for user personalization.
University Employee Assistance Program Response to Traumas on Campus

SUMMARY When trauma affects a University workforce, health and productivity are compromised, and an organized response can help lessen the emotional impact and accelerate recovery of function. Responding to traumatic events in the workplace has evolved into being the responsibility of many EAPs. The authors present how the Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) model was adapted by their internal EAPs in academic settings at Duke and Vanderbilt to help manage the psychological and occupational ramifications of critical incidents. Outcome data generated from evaluation of Duke's program is presented, which demonstrates the value of the interventions in helping employees manage reactions and in the restoration of personal and occupational functioning. A survey conducted by the authors provides an overview “snapshot” of the active roles that University EAPs have currently in responding to workplace traumas. The survey results underscore the importance of developing a coordinated response and using traine...
An integral representation for certain linearized magnetohydrodynamic flows in the plane

Die stationare linearisierte magnetohydrodynamische Stromung durch einfache zweidimensionale «Korper» wird behandelt. Die Linearisierung der grundlegenden Gleichungen fur die magnetohydrodynamische Stromung vollzieht sich in ahnlicher Weise wie in den von Oseen vorgeschlagenen Gleichungen fur die gewohnliche inkompressible Flussigkeit. Auch wir setzen in dieser Arbeit die magnetische Prandtlzahl gleich eins. Ein gekoppeltes Paar von Integralgleichungen wird hergeleitet, dessen Losung zu Ausdrucken fur das magnetische, das geschwindigkeits- und das Druckfeld fuhrt. Wir diskutieren diese Integralformulierung fur den Fall einer Stromung um einen Kreiszylinder und fur denjenigen einer Stromung um eine ebene Platte.
DETERMINATION OF FACTORS CONTROLLING ACCURATE MEASUREMENT OF Aw BY THE VAPOR PRESSURE MANOMETRIC TECHNIQUE

The precision and reproducibility of the VPM method has been improved by the simultaneous measurement of water vapor pressure and temperature of the food sample. It has been shown that evacuation of the system substantially lowers food temperature due to evaporation of water. The drop in sample temperature is dependent on water activity of the material and is large at high water activities. Even at steady readings of the manometer, the temperature of the sample is not equal to room temperature. Therefore, calculation of water activity based on room temperature gives erroneous results which are significantly lower than the results based on the measured sample temperature.
Emotion's influence on memory for spatial and temporal context.

Individuals report remembering emotional items vividly. It is debated whether this report reflects enhanced memory accuracy or a bias to believe emotional memories are vivid. We hypothesised emotion would enhance memory accuracy, improving memory for contextual details. The hallmark of episodic memory is that items are remembered in a spatial and temporal context, so we examined whether an item's valence (positive, negative) or arousal (high, low) would influence its ability to be remembered with those contextual details. Across two experiments, high-arousal items were remembered with spatial and temporal context more often than low-arousal items. Item valence did not influence memory for those details, although positive high-arousal items were recognised or recalled more often than negative items. These data suggest that emotion does not just bias participants to believe they have a vivid memory; rather, the arousal elicited by an event can benefit memory for some types of contextual details.
A study of the utility of measuring mandibular mobility by means of the interincisal dimension

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the reliability of using the interincisal dimension as a measure of mandibular range of motion. Thirty patients who underwent mandibular advancement and 15 patients who underwent mandibular setback were included in this study. Preoperatively, a lateral cephalogram in centric relation and a second cephalogram with the mandible at maximum voluntary gape were obtained. Immediately following surgery, another centric relation cephalogram was obtained. A composite tracing of the two preoperative tracings was made to show how the mandible changed in position from the closed-mouth to the open-mouth radiographs. The proximal segment (ramus) of the postoperative cephalogram was then superimposed on the open-mouth mandibular ramus, and the distal segment of the postoperative mandible was drawn. This composite produced a tracing of what the postoperative maximal gape cephalogram would be if the same amount of condylar rotation and translation as in the preoperative tracing had occurred. The preoperative interincisal dimension was recorded on the composite tracings (factoring in any overbite or openbite) as was the would-be postoperative interincisal dimension. These measures were compared using the paired t test and Pearson's correlations to determine if there were any significant differences between them. The results showed that the interincisal dimension is a fairly reliable measure of mandibular mobility even when the length of the mandible is altered with surgery.
Further studies of the fate of aldicarb in soil.

Laboratory studies were made to determine the fate of 14C-labeled aldicarb in sand, loam, day, and muck soils maintained at different moisture levels of 0, 50, and 100% of field capacity and at pH values of 6, 7, and 8. For the most part, no important differences could be attributed to pH within the range used. Aldicarb was relatively stable in all dry soils, in sand at all moisture levels, and in loam with 50% moisture; the half-life of all toxic compounds exceeded 56 days. A moisture level of 50% was optimum for the oxidation of aldicarb to its toxic sulfoxide and sulfone derivatives in loam, clay, and muck, and a moisture level of 100% caused a substantially faster rate of decomposition to nontoxic products in the same soils. Other laboratory studies with 35S-labeled aldicarb demonstrated that the volatilization of aldicarb and its derivatives was influenced greatly by soil moisture; as the rate of the evaporation of water increased, so did volatilization of radioactivity from treated soil. Field studies were conducted with loam and sand soils that were treated with 35S-labeled aldicarb, confined in packets made of stainless-steel screen, and buried in a cotton field, where they were exposed to wet or dry conditions. Under extremely wet conditions, all radioactivity was lost from the packets in a matter of hours. Under dry conditions, the half-lives of the toxic compounds were 1 day in sand and 4-7 days in loam.
The Photoelectric Plethysmography Technique for Recording Heart Rate in Chick Embryos

Abstract A new technique, photoelectric plethysmography, was used to measure heart rate of the chick embryos with a minimum of environmental disturbances. Progressive increase in the daily average heart rate (218 to 276 beats per minute) was observed from the third to the fifteenth day of incubation. By 18 days of age the heart rate decreased to 263. The embryonic movement was detected on the fourth day of incubation and increased throughout the incubation period. Embryonic movement disappeared after phenobarbital injection. Injection of epinephrine to 16-day old embryos raised the heart rate from 264 to 420 beats per minute. Vasopressin depressed embryonic heart rate.
Characterization of heteromyeloma fusion partners which promote the outgrowth of porcine hybridomas

Production of porcine monoclonal antibodies for use in research and immunotherapy has been hampered by the lack of suitable fusion partners which promote high efficiencies of hybridoma out-growth and immunoglobulin synthesis. To overcome these obstacles, five heteromyeloma fusion partners (HM-1,2,3,4 and 5) were constructed by successively fusing porcine lymphocytes with murine myeloma cells or murine x bovine heteromyeloma cells. Following section of hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymidine (HAT)-sensitive mutants, karyotypes, growth rates and surface phenotypes of the heteromyelomas were determined. Karyotyping revealed an increase in the mean number of chromosomes present in HM-1,4 and 5 cells. Peak doubling times of the parental and HM cells ranged between 12.2 and 17.4 h. Uisng flow microfluorimetry and monoclonal antibodies specific for class I/II major histocompatability antigens, it was determined that the surface phenotype of HM-1,2,3,4 and 5 resembled that of the parental murine X63 myeloma cells. HM 1,2,3,4 and 5 were evaluated for their abilities to serve as fusion partners. Highest percentages of hybrid outgrowth (37%) and immunoglobulin synthesis (52%) were observed when HM-1 was fused with procine lymphocytes. When cloned, percentage of outgrowth and immunoglobulin synthesis increased if HM-1 and HM-2 were used as fusion partners. Cryopreservation of HM-1 and HM-2 did not adversely affect their abilities to promote hybrid outgrowth or immunoglobulin synthesis. During the first week following fusion of porcine lymphocytes with heteromyelomas, murine thymocytes were found to be essential for survival of the nascent hybrids. To confirm that immunoglobulin secreted by hybridomas was of porcine and not murine or bovine origin, culture supernates were subjected to SDS gel electrophoresis, electroblotted and identified. using species-specific isotyping reagents. Two of four cell lines tested secreted porcine light chains and one of four cell lines secreted whole IgM molecules. This paper is the first to describe porcine heteromyelomas for use as fusion partners. Similar to findings of human and bovine studies, our data suggest that heteromyeloma fusion partners perform better than rodent myelomas for creating hybridomas synthesizing porcine immunoglobulin.
Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin

Vancomycin is poorly absorbed when administered by mouth and, for systemic infections, must be given intravenously. The pharmacokinetics of vancomycin have been well defined in a number of recent studies in man. Since the drug is excreted primarily via the kidneys, dosage modification is imperative in patients with impaired renal function. With the possible exception of aqueous humour and cerebrospinal fluid, vancomycin penetrates well into most body fluids. It appears that excessively high serum concentrations of vancomycin may be associated with ototoxicity. It has not been possible to relate the development of nephrotoxicity to determined previously serum concentrations of vancomycin.
A High-Accuracy Shunt Switch for D/A Conversion

A current-summing digital-to-analog converter can be constructed by combining a switched, binary-weighted resistor network with an operational amplifier. Contributions to total system errors from reference inaccuracies, resistor ratio tolerances, and operational amplifier errors can be held to less than one part in 105 and are normally far outweighed by error contributions from the switches employed. This correspondence describes a technique which reduces the switch error contributions to an insignificant level.
Innovative Design For An Interactive Image Processing Work Station

We present a powerful image processing workstation based on a digital video processor, a 16-bit minicomputer and an array processor. Outstanding interactive performance is achieved by the division of image processing operations into concurrent functions best suited for each individual processor.
A Model of CEO Dismissal

A model is presented in which social and political factors are used to predict the likelihood of a CEO's dismissal. Although an organization's performance affects dismissal of a CEO, it is argued that the link is not direct. It is mediated by four constructs: (a) the board of directors' expectations and attributions, (b) the board's allegiances and values, (c) the availability of alternative candidates for CEO, and (d) the power of the incumbent CEO. Observable determinants of these constructs are identified It is suggested that these determinants can be found in characteristics of the board, the organization, the industry, the CEO, and the CEO's predecessor.
Wave propagation in isogrid structures

This work focuses on an analysis of wave propagation in isogrid structures as it relates to Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) methods. Assembly, integration, and testing (AI&T) of satellite structures in preparation for launch includes significant time for testing and reworking any issues that may arise. SHM methods are being investigated as a means to validate the structure during assembly and truncate the number of tests needed to qualify the structure for the launch environment. The most promising of these SHM methods uses an active wave-based method in which an actuator propagates a Lamb wave through the structure; the Lamb wave is then received by a sensor and evaluated over time to detect structural changes. To date this method has proven effective in locating structural defects in a complex satellite panel; however, the attributes associated with the first wave arrival change significantly as the wave travels through ribs and joining features. Previous studies have been conducted in simplified ribbed structures, giving initial insight into the complex wave propagation phenomena. In this work, the study has been extended numerically to the isogrid plate case. Wave propagation was modeled using commercial finite element analysis software. The results of the analyses offer further insight into the complexities of wave propagation in isogrid structures.
An In Vitro Comparative Study of Intracanal Fluid Motion and Wall Shear Stress Induced by Ultrasonic and Polymer Rotary Finishing Files in a Simulated Root Canal Model

Objective. This in vitro study compared the flow pattern and shear stress of an irrigant induced by ultrasonic and polymer rotary finishing file activation in an acrylic root canal model. Flow visualization analysis was performed using an acrylic canal filled with a mixture of distilled water and rheoscopic fluid. The ultrasonic and polymer rotary finishing file were separately tested in the canal and activated in a static position and in a cyclical axial motion (up and down). Particle movement in the fluid was captured using a high-speed digital camera and DaVis 7.1 software. The fluid shear stress analysis was performed using hot film anemometry. A hot-wire was placed in an acrylic root canal and the canal was filled with distilled water. The ultrasonic and polymer rotary finishing files were separately tested in a static position and in a cyclical axial motion. Positive needle irrigation was also tested separately for fluid shear stress. The induced wall shear stress was measured using LabVIEW 8.0 software.
Broadband suppression and occulter position sensing at the Princeton occulter testbed

The Princeton occulter testbed uses long-distance propagation with a diverging beam and an optimized occulter mask to simulate the performance of external occulters for finding extrasolar planets. We present new results from the testbed in both monochromatic and broadband light. In addition, we examine sensing and control of occulter position using out-of-band spectral leak around the occulter and occulter position tolerancing. These results are validated by numerical simulations of propagation through the system.
Multifocal inflammatory leukoencephalopathy with 5‐fluorouracil and levamisole

A cerebral demyelinating disease developed in 3 patients during adjuvant therapy with 5-fluorouracil and levamisole for adenocarcinoma of the colon. None of the patients had evidence of metastatic disease or prior neurological disease. The duration of chemotherapy before onset of neurological symptoms ranged from 15 to 19 weeks. The total dose of 5-fluorouracil was 9.7 to 15.7 gm. The total dose of levamisole was 2.7 to 3.75 gm. Two patients presented with a subacute (2-3 weeks) progressive decline in mental status and ataxia. The third patient had two unexplained episodes of loss of consciousness. In each, magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium demonstrated prominent multifocal enhancing white matter lesions. Cerebral biopsy was performed stereotaxically in 2 patients. The morphological features were those of active demyelinating disease. The myelin loss was associated with numerous dispersed as well as vasocentric macrophages, sparing of axons, and perivascular lymphocytic inflammation. Electron microscopy confirmed the light microscopic findings. All 3 patients improved after cessation of chemotherapy and a short course of corticosteroid therapy. Our patients represent the first reported examples of an inflammatory leukoencephalopathy associated with the administration of 5-fluorouracil and levamisole. This syndrome may represent the pathological basis for 5-fluorouracil neurotoxicity, although we cannot completely exclude the role of levamisole.
Design, Synthesis and Characterization of New Bimechanistic Optical Power Limiters Based on Reverse Saturable and Two-photon Absorption

During the past five years there has been considerable progress in the design of organic materials for optical power limiting (OPL) applications. One of the more promising and widely studied material approaches involves reverse saturable absorption (RSA) from various excited states. We have recently been examining the efficacy of utilizing highly absorbing photogenerated charge states for RSA. Both polaronic radical cations and bipolaronic dications are possible candidates for this mode of optical limiting. Equally intriguing are new approaches to designing chromophores with large two-photon absorption (TPA) cross-sections. For some pulse durations the effective two-photon cross-section for bis-(diphenylamino)diphenylpolyenes, and dendrimers based on these repeat units, are extraordinaryly large, indicative of excited state absorption. In this presentation we will discuss the possibility of combining these two optical limiting mechanistic paradigms in single structures, which may then be considered as bimechanistic optical power limiters.
Beneficial effect of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim on accelerated coagulation

We have shown that the drug combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim has a radio-protective effect in mice. Since radiation injury is due in part to microvascular thrombosis produced by the release or action of thromboplastin, we evaluated the effect of these drugs individually on thromboplastin-accelerated coagulation. Sulfamethoxazole at a final concentration of 0.05 μg/ml and trimethoprim at concentrations of 0.005 and 0.05 μg/ml significantly prolonged the recalcification times of human plasma. Whether these drugs have an anticoagulant effect when employed clinically remains to be determined.
Scalar contribution to radiative decays of the η meson

We study the role which scalar mesons play in the radiative decays of the $\ensuremath{\eta}$ meson. A scalar-meson model involving the $\ensuremath{\delta}(970)$ is proposed to describe the three radiative $\ensuremath{\eta}$ decays: $\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$, $\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}\ensuremath{\gamma}$, and $\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$. Using the experimental width for $\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ we determine the $\ensuremath{\delta}$-$\ensuremath{\gamma}$-$\ensuremath{\gamma}$ coupling and calculate the decay rates for the four-body $\ensuremath{\eta}$ decays. The results are compared with the experimental data.
Approaches to measure sleep-wake disturbances in adolescents with cancer.

Sleep–wake disturbances commonly occur in healthy adolescents. Although diminished sleep and sleepiness seem normal for healthy adolescents, adolescents with chronic illnesses face additional disruption in the quantity and quality of their sleep as a result of the disease process, ongoing treatment, and associated symptoms. Little is known about how sleep in adolescents is affected by cancer, cancer treatment, and concurrent symptoms or about the consequences of sleep disruption for these patients. Although there is limited evidence to guide sleep measurement in adolescents with cancer, researchers may learn effective strategies from sleep studies completed with adolescents with other conditions. This systematic review examines how researchers have measured sleep using actigraphy, diary, and/or self-report questionnaires in diverse samples of healthy and ill adolescents. Psychometric properties are reported for nine self-report sleep questionnaires that were used in studies with mostly healthy adolescent samples. Nineteen studies provide evidence that actigraphy can be successfully and reliably used as an effective objective method to measure sleep in adolescents, including those with chronic illness. Daily sleep diaries were used less frequently to collect data from adolescents. The suitability of these techniques for the study of cancer-related sleep–wake disturbances in adolescents as well as strategies to enhance the reliability, validity, and feasibility of these measures will be discussed. Future sleep research in adolescents affected by cancer can be strengthened by the consistent use of sleep terminology, measurement of key sleep parameters, and efforts to develop and use psychometrically sound instruments. Oncology clinicians should be ready to add emerging evidence from sleep research to their care of adolescents with cancer.
Comparison of traditional thermal support with the forced-air warmer system in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis)

Active warming of pet birds under general anesthesia is necessary to prevent hypothermia and its associated, potentially life-threatening complications. The ability of a forced-air warming system to provide thermal support was compared to a circulating-water blanket and an infra-red heat emitter during isoflurane anesthesia of Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). Ten Hispaniolan Amazon parrots were anesthetized once weekly for one of five 60-minute trials using different heating devices. Trial (1) no thermal support; Trial (2) surgical drape only; Trial (3) circulating water blanket and surgical drape; Trial (4) ceramic infra-red heat emitter and surgical drape; Trial (5) forced-air warmer and surgical drape. Each bird acted as its own control. The birds were mask-induced with isoflurane in oxygen, intubated and maintained on isoflurane with spontaneous ventilation. Subjects were positioned in dorsal recumbency on a cotton towel on a stainless steel surgical table. A 5.5 cm × 5.5 cm area on the ventral abdomen was plucked and surgical prepared to simulate a surgical situation. A lead II ECG was continuously monitored to determine heart rate and rhythm. A temperature probe was inserted into the thoracic esophagus and readings were taken every 5 minutes. Digital thermometers were placed around the bird to monitor the ambient temperature immediately adjacent to the bird and the surrounding area. The readings were taken every 15 minutes. Body temperature and surgical area temperature were considered to be continuous and were found to follow a normal distribution using the Shapiro Wilk Statistics, where differences were evident, selected multiple comparisons were made within treatments to baseline temperature and between treatments. Multiple comparisons were made using adjusted least squares means, controlling the experimental type 1 error and 0.05 PROC MIXED was used for the analysis (SAS V8, SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). None of the warming devices prevented a significant decrease in esophageal temperature over the 60 minutes. The average temperature losses for the control trial, drape-only, and heat emitter, respectively, were 3.15, 2.45, and 2.55 °C. A significant decrease from 15 minutes was observed with all warming treatments, except the forced-air warmer, which prevented a significant decrease until 30 minutes. For the last 30 minutes, there was a significant decrease in esophageal temperature for the forced-air warmer treatment (from 39.135 to 39.125 °C). However, the esophageal temperature remained within the clinically acceptable normothermic range (all temperatures remained above 38.35 °C). The forced-air warmer system proved superior to traditional heating modalities in preventing heat loss during isoflurane anesthesia in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots.
Redox Polyether Hybrid Copper Bipyridine Complex Molten Salts.

The covalent attachment of poly(ethylene oxide) chains to metal bipyridine complexes produces viscous molecular melts with sufficient ionic conductivity to permit microelectrode voltammetry. This paper describes the use of this chemistry to prepare a new copper complex with “tailed” bipyridine ligands, [Cu(bpy(CO2MePEG-350)2)2](ClO4)2, where MePEG-350 is methyl poly(ethylene glycol) with molecular weight 350 g mol-1. The coupling of physical diffusion with electron hopping during voltammetry allows measurement of the electron self-exchange rate constant, kEX, for the Cu(II/I) couple. Activation studies indicate the reaction to be nearly adiabatic, with an activation barrier larger than expected for purely inner-sphere rearrangements. This study also examines the depression of both electron transport and ionic conductivity caused by the addition of 1.4 M LiClO4 to the undiluted room-temperature melt.
Some series constructions for two-dimensional neighbor designs

Abstract Terraces and sequencing are used to construct bordered, two-dimensional neighbor designs in which row, column, and diagonal neighbors are accounted for. Columns are generated from terraces, then juxtaposed (with appropriate borders) in such a way that row and diagonal neighbors are balanced or nearly balanced. For v treatments, v × 2v side-bordered designs are constructed with row, column, and near diagonal balance, where v ≢ 0 (mod 3). Full bordering completes the balance, which for even v is directional. Other series include v × v non-directional designs for v ≡ 2 or 4 (mod 6), and several series of (v + 1) 2 × 2v designs for v odd.
THE METABOLIC SIGNIFICANCE OF PROTEINBOUND IODINE OF PLASMA: A STUDY OF ITS CONCENTRATION UNDER VARIOUS CONDITIONS AND OF ITS RATE OF FORMATION AS MEASURED WITH RADIOACTIVE IODINE

THE FRACTION of plasma iodine designated “protein-bound” is the iodine that is precipitated from plasma along with its proteins by such agents as tungstic acid, zinc hydroxide, or acetic acid in the presence of heat and in addition cannot be freed from these proteins by simple washing. Although the chemical identity of this fraction is as yet poorly understood, its concentration in plasma has gained wide use as an indicator of thyroid activity in man. (Salter et al., 1941; Man et al., 1942; Lowenstein et al., 1944; Talbot et al., 1944; Chaney, unpublished observations). In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to determine the metabolic significance of plasma protein-bound iodine. Its concentration in plasma was studied in rats shown to be completely deprived of thyroid tissue and in rats and guinea pigs in which hyperthyroidism had been induced. The use of radioactive iodine (I131) as a labeling agent also made possible a study of the rate of formation of protein-bound iodine in both states...
Structural determinants of the blocker binding site in glutamate and NMDA receptor channels.

Abstract Glutamate receptor channels of the NMDA-type ( N -methyl- d -aspartate) and non-NMDA-type (GluR) differ in their pore properties. The N-site in the M2 transmembrane segment of NMDA receptors (NMDAR), or the corresponding Q/R-site in GluRs, is a pivotal structural determinant of their permeation and blockade characteristics. Substitutions at a second site in M2, the L-site (L577) in GluR1, drastically alter the receptor selectivity to divalent cations. Here we report that M2 mutants carrying an asparagine or a threonine residue at the Q-site of GluR1, along with a tryptophan residue at the L-site, form homomeric GluR1 channels that are highly sensitive to structurally diverse, uncompetitive NMDA antagonists such as arylcyclohexylamines, dibenzocycloheptenimines, and to morphinian and adamantane derivatives. Analysis of the voltage dependence of channel blockade locates the blocker binding site ∼0.65 partway into the transmembrane electric field in both GluR1 mutants and NMDAR channels. Our results suggest that the homomeric GluR1 double mutants, L577W/Q582N and L577W/Q582T, fairly approximate the pore properties of the heteromeric NMDA receptor and support the structural kinship of their permeation pathways.
Aircraft observations conjugate to FAST: Auroral are thicknesses

Optical observations conjugate to the FAST satellite show good agreement between the widths of auroral structures observed optically and those inferred from the measured electron energy flux. The implication is that these structures are imposed by processes at or above the -4000 km altitude of FAST. A variety of widths down to about 2 km were observed, but there were no examples of finer scale structures. A pre-breakup weak discrete arc at the poleward edge of the diffuse aurora showed electron produced optical structures located on either side of upward going ion beams. The optical emission in the equatorward part of the diffuse aurora was caused almost exclusively by precipitating ions. The optical observations were made over northern Alaska between Jan 31 and Feb 16, 1997, from a jet aircraft carrying an all-sky and three narrow-field TV cameras.