cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mid-frequency suppression in the green treefrog ( Hyla cinerea ): mechanisms and implications for the evolution of acoustic communication

Advertisement calls of green treefrogs (Hyla cinerea) have two spectral peaks centered at about 1 kHz and 3 kHz. Addition of a component of intermediate frequency (1.8 kHz) to a synthetic call reduced its attractiveness to females relative to an alternative lacking this component. This mid-frequency suppression occurred over a 20-dB range of playback levels. Addition of other intermediate frequencies had weak effects on preferences at some playback levels, in some localities, and at lower-than-normal temperatures. These effects correlate well with the response properties of a population of low-frequency-tuned auditory neurons innervating the amphibian papilla. Males of a closely related species (H. gratiosa) produce calls with emphasized frequencies within the range of suppression in H. cinerea; however, suppression also occurred in localities well outside the area of geographical overlap with this species. Thus, previous speculation that mid-frequency suppression evolved to enhance species discrimination is probably incorrect. This phenomenon is more likely to reflect a general sensory bias in anurans and other vertebrates, tone-on-tone inhibition. Such negative biases, and other inhibitory mechanisms, almost certainly play an important role in the evolution of communication systems but have received far less attention than positive biases that enhance signal attractiveness.
Observations of anisotropy evolution and identification of plastic spin parameters by uniaxial tensile tests

Micromechanical effects such as the development of crystallographic texture and of dislocation structures lead to evolution of material anisotropy during plastic deformation. The anisotropy of sheet metals is commonly quantified by its R-values. The R-value is defined as the ratio of the transverse strain to the thickness strain at a certain longitudinal strain, and it changes if the anisotropy changes. Conventional hardening models do not account for the evolution of anisotropy along an arbitrary orientation. Therefore, although R-values are measured from experiments, predictions of hardening behavior based on R-values using conventional hardening models do not reproduce the experiments for arbitrary orientation. The R-value evolution for large strains can be observed in simple uniaxial tension tests by measuring the transverse and longitudinal strains continuously up to large strains. A digital image correlation (DIC) method is introduced as superior to strain gages for measuring large strains. To model the experimental response, a rotational-isotropic-kinematic (RIK) hardening model is investigated. Because of this model’s ability to represent the rotational evolution of the anisotropy, it can predict the hardening behavior for non-RD and non-TD directions. Methods to identify the plastic spin and kinematic hardening parameters are also discussed.
A low-power low-jitter adaptive-bandwidth PLL and clock buffer

A multi-context programmable on-chip communication network is implemented using a matrix of Flash-EEPROM pass-transistor switches (FPT) in a 0.18/spl mu/m technology. The prototype 8-context, 8/spl times/8 64b crossbar includes 576k FPT and >8k bi-directional tristate repeaters in an area of 1.38mm/sup 2/. Based on 2/spl times/2 building blocks, wave pipelining and elastic interconnect, data is transferred at 6.4Gb/s per channel, with independent clocks at both ends.
Fission of Collapsing Cavitation Bubbles

High-speed observations (for example, Lauterborn and Bolle 1975, Tomita and Shima 1990, Frost and Sturtevant 1986) clearly show that though a collapsing cavitation bubble approaches its minimum size as a coherent single volume, it usually reappears in the first rebounding frame as a cloud of much smaller bubbles or as a highly distorted single volume (see, for example, figure \ref{F2}). This paper explores two mechanisms that may be responsible for that bubble fission process, one invoking a Rayleigh-Taylor stability analysis and the other utilizing the so-called microjet mechanism. Both approaches are shown to lead to qualitatively similar values for the number of fission fragments and the paper investigates the flow parameters that effect that number. Finally, we explore the effective damping of the Rayleigh-Plesset single bubble calculation which that fission process implies and show that it is consistent with the number of collapses and rebounds which are observed to occur in experiments.
Childhood immune thrombocytopenia: role of rituximab, recombinant thrombopoietin, and other new therapeutics

Childhood immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is often considered a benign hematologic disorder. However, 30% of affected children will have a prolonged course and 5%-10% will develop chronic severe refractory disease. Until recently, the only proven therapeutic option for chronic severe ITP was splenectomy, but newer alternatives are now being studied. However, because immunosuppressive agents such as rituximab are not approved for use in ITP and the thrombopoietin receptor agonists are not yet approved in children, the decision to use alternatives to splenectomy needs to be considered carefully. This review describes the factors that should affect decisions to treat ITP at diagnosis and compares the options for the occasional child in whom ITP does not resolve within the first year.
A Review of: “The Digital Sublime: Myth, Power, and Cyberspace’

Vincent Mosco's book The Digital Sublime: Myth, Power, and Cyberspace enacts a critical reading of the major mythologies of the most recent “information age” that circulated during the information ...
Comparison of terrestrial reference frame velocities determined from SLR and VLBI

The most recent site velocity solutions from the Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) analysis group at the Goddard Space Flight Center and the Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) analysis group at the University of Texas Center for Space Research are compared. The results indicate that the horizontal velocities agree, after removing a velocity transformation of a few millimeters per year, to the 2-3 millimeter per year level in an rms sense. The velocities of the best observed sites agree to nearly 1 mm/yr in each horizontal component. In addition, when only sites with adjusted velocities are compared, the agreement of epoch site positions is improved over previous studies to the subcentimeter level in the horizontal components. The sites in the western United States agree at the few millimeter level.
Framework for exploring the interaction between design rules and overlay control

Overlay control is becoming increasingly more important with the scaling of technology. It has become even more critical and more challenging with the move toward multiple-patterning lithography, where overlay translates into CD variability. Design rules and overlay have strong interaction and can have a considerable impact on the design area, yield, and performance. We study this interaction and evaluate the overall design impact of rules, overlay characteristics, and overlay control options. For this purpose, we developed a model for yield loss from overlay that considers overlay residue after correction and the breakdown between field-to-field and within-field overlay; the model is then incorporated into a general design-rule evaluation framework to study the overlay/design interaction. The framework can be employed to optimize design rules and more accurately project overlay-control requirements of the manufacturing process. The framework is used to explore the design impact of litho-etch litho-etch double-patterning rules and poly line-end extension rule defined between poly and active layer for different overlay characteristics (i.e., within-field versus field-to-field overlay) and different overlay models at the 14-nm node. Interesting conclusions can be drawn from our results. For example, one result shows that increasing the minimum mask-overlap length by 1 nm would allow the use of a third-order wafer/sixth-order field-level overlay model instead of a sixth-order wafer/sixth-order field-level model with negligible impact on design.
McFall, Richard M. (b. 1939)

Richard M. McFall (b. 1939) is an eminent psychological scientist at Indiana University whose integrative research bridges clinical, cognitive, and neural science and whose professional contributions have advanced both clinical science and psychological science immeasurably. His research contributions include documenting the effect of self-monitoring on behavior; examining the components of social skills training; evaluating the role of social competence in clinical phenomena; developing the social information-processing model; and conducting integrative research that bridges clinical, cognitive, and neural science. Professionally, McFall authored a “Manifesto for a science of clinical psychology,” developed the clinical science training model in clinical psychology, chaired the conference that led to the founding of the Academy of Psychological Clinical Science, and developed the first NIMH-funded training program in integrative psychological science at Indiana University. Currently, he is the executive director of the Psychological Clinical Science Accreditation System. Keywords: individual differences; psychopathology; assessment; behaviorism; clinical science; integrative psychological science; methodology; social skills
Ferrohydrodynamic modeling of magnetic nanoparticle harmonic spectra for magnetic particle imaging

Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is an emerging imaging technique that uses magnetic nanoparticles as tracers. In order to analyze the quality of nanoparticles developed for MPI, a Magnetic Particle Spectrometer (MPS) is often employed. In this paper, we describe results for predictions of the nanoparticle harmonic spectra obtained in a MPS using three models: the first uses the Langevin function, which does not take into account finite magnetic relaxation; the second model uses the magnetization equation by Shliomis (Sh), which takes into account finite magnetic relaxation using a constant characteristic time scale; and the third model uses the magnetization equation derived by Martsenyuk, Raikher, and Shliomis (MRSh), which takes into account the effect of magnetic field magnitude on the magnetic relaxation time. We make comparisons between these models and with experiments in order to illustrate the effects of field-dependent relaxation in the MPS. The models results suggest that finite relaxation results in a significant drop in signal intensity (magnitude of individual harmonics) and in faster spectral decay. Interestingly, when field dependence of the magnetic relaxation time was taken into account, through the MRSh model, the simulations predict a significant improvement in the performance of the nanoparticles, as compared to the performance predicted by the Sh equation. The comparison between the predictions from models and experimental measurements showed excellent qualitative as well as quantitative agreement up to the 19th harmonic using the Sh and MRSh equations, highlighting the potential of ferrohydrodynamic modeling in MPI.
Approximating the best nash equilibrium in no(log n)-time breaks the exponential time hypothesis

The celebrated PPAD hardness result for finding an exact Nash equilibrium in a two-player game initiated a quest for finding approximate Nash equilibria efficiently, and is one of the major open questions in algorithmic game theory.We study the computational complexity of finding an e-approximate Nash equilibrium with good social welfare. Hazan and Krauthgamer and subsequent improvements showed that finding an e-approximate Nash equilibrium with good social welfare in a two player game and many variants of this problem is at least as hard as finding a planted clique of size O(log n) in the random graph G(n, 1/2).We show that any polynomial time algorithm that finds an e-approximate Nash equilibrium with good social welfare refutes (the worst-case) Exponential Time Hypothesis by Impagliazzo and Paturi, confirming the recent conjecture by Aaronson, Impagliazzo and Moshkovitz. Specifically it would imply a 2O(n1/2) algorithm for SAT.Our lower bound matches the quasi-polynomial time algorithm by Lipton, Markakis and Mehta for solving the problem.Our key tool is a reduction from the PCP machinery to finding Nash equilibrium via free games, the framework introduced in the recent work by Aaronson, Impagliazzo and Moshkovitz. Techniques developed in the process may be useful for replacing planted clique hardness with ETH-hardness in other applications.
Accessing and Modifying Entities

AutoLisp gives us tremendous control over the geometry in our drawing by allowing us to access and change entity data. There are two kinds of entities: graphical and nongraphical. A graphical entity is an object that we draw on the screen and includes the following familiar objects (among others).
Comparing the Time and Rate Dependent Mechanical Properties of Elastomers

Abstract At attempt was made to show that the normally performed tests to evaluate the properties of elastomers (and compare different ones) are not necessarily the ones which govern failure due to small strain viscoelasticity. The easiest way to compare different rubber compounds as to their ability to keep their elastic properties is with the help of stress relaxation data. However, one has to perform loading-unloading creep experiments in order to be able to separate the permanent from the transient viscoelastic response.
A ten-year study of meroplankton in North Carolina estuaries: Occurrence of postmetamorphal bivalves

Occurrence of postmetamorphal bivalves known to have swimming ability is seasonally predictable in surface meroplankton in nocturnally flooding tidal currents near inlets inside the barrier islands of North Carolina. Samples from three stations-Institute of Marine Sciences pieer near Beaufort Inlet, inside Drum Inlet 20 mi N E of Cape Lookout, and inside Lockwoods Folly Inlet 10 mi W of Cape Fear River-were comparable.Ensis directus occurred abundantly from December to June at each of the stations;Tagelus divisus abundantly from May to September and sparsely in December at the Institute pier, and sparsely also at Lockwoods Folly Inlet in September;Solemya velum regularly from April to August at the Institute pier, rarely at Drum Inlet; andSolen viridis sparsely in midsummer at the Institute pier. Though these species are known to swim, no regularly recorded occurrence has ever been documented. A set of non-swimming molluscan species present in the samples were perhaps eroded from nearby source beds by strong currents. At Drum Inlet stationDonax variabilits occurred regularly during summer-fall, andPetricola pholadiformis during winter-spring. At Lockwoods Folly Inlet stationSpisula raveneli occurred regularly during spring-summer. Other species were rare. Seasonal occurrence of these species in the plankton samples remains unexplained.
Abstract 299: Pulmonary Hypertension Activates Cardiac Fibroblasts To Release Paracrine Factors Regulating Cardiac Myocyte Dedifferentiation

In virtually all models of heart failure, prognosis is ultimately determined by right ventricular (RV) function. Thus understanding the unique cellular mechanisms that contribute to RV dysfunction is of critical importance. We have approached this question by studying a large animal model that has significant resonance with human disease: exposure of the neonatal calf to hypobaric hypoxia. This model demonstrates rapid onset of severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) and significant RV dysfunction. Strikingly, the RV of these animals shows a chamber-specific increase in markers of inflammation and local infiltration of activated pro-remodeling macrophages that are proportionate to the rise in PA pressure. In order to test the hypothesis that this inflammatory milieu directly contributes to myocyte dysfunction, we examined the effects of conditioned media (CM) from cardiac fibroblasts isolated from the PH calf on normal adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVM) in culture. Even brief exposure ( 30 kDa and that inflammatory cytokines such as IL-18 are necessary but not sufficient to effect this phenotypic change. These data suggest that local and perhaps focal inflammation in the RV, induced by the combination of pressure overload and hypoxia, has the capacity to signal a phenotypic transformation in a population of RV cardiocytes, which likely contributes to chamber specific dysfunction. Therapies that target and interrupt this inflammatory process either by preventing in-migration of inflammatory cells or by blocking cell-cell signaling have the potential to prevent RV dysfunction.
Lixisenatide in type 2 diabetes: latest evidence and clinical usefulness

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a highly prevalent disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. The hallmark of T2D is hyperglycemia and, while many treatment modalities exist, achieving and maintaining glycemic control can be challenging. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (RAs) are an appealing treatment option as they improve glycemic control, reduce weight, and limit the risk of hypoglycemia. Lixisenatide is a once-daily GLP-1 RA that has been evaluated in the GetGoal clinical trial program and has demonstrated efficacy and tolerability across a spectrum of patients. The feature that most distinguishes lixisenatide from other GLP-1 RAs is its ability to substantially reduce postprandial glucose (PPG) for the meal immediately following injection. Because of its positive effects on PPG, lixisenatide is being considered as a replacement for prandial insulin, and a fixed dose combination product containing lixisenatide and basal insulin is in development. Lixisenatide is a promising new addition to the antidiabetic armamentarium, but due to the lack of real-world experience with the drug, its exact place in therapy is unknown.
Mechanistic Insights of a Concerted Metalation–Deprotonation Reaction with [Cp*RhCl2]2

The effect of the carboxylate used in a concerted metalation–deprotonation reaction is probed and shows a direct correlation of pKa to observed rate up to a pKa of 4.3, where the rate drops off at higher pKa. The rate of the C–H activation of 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyridine with [Cp*RhCl2]2 and carboxylate follows first-order kinetics in the active metal species, Cp*RhCl(κ2-OAc), and zero-order kinetics in substrate when in a 1:1 ratio. There is a first-order dependence on substrate observed when excess substrate is present. The evaluation of the mechanism using kinetic studies allowed for a mechanistic proposal in which a second Ph′Py coordinates prior to the rate-determining C–H activation.
Gay and Bisexual Married Men's Attitudes and Experiences

Abstract In this study, 20 gay or bisexual men's experiences of coming out to wives were explored. Specifically, their attitudes and behaviors before, during, and after marriage were examined. Findings were provided about upbringing, reasons for entering marriage, and the coming out process. Through semi-structured interviews information was obtained about the factors which led up to the revelation of homosexuality or bisexuality and about how these men experienced their relationships with their wives and family after coming out. The interviews revealed the fears which prevented these men from coming out earlier in their lives. The most common reason for entering marriage was due to social and family pressure and because of the desire to have a normal, healthy life. Attitudes toward gays and lesbians were negative before marriage and worsened following disclosure.
Management of Infantile and Childhood Cataracts

Pediatric cataracts are an important cause of decreased vision in children. Managing cataracts in childhood presents an assortment of distinct challenges. Visual prognosis depends upon a multitude of factors, including etiology, surgical variables, and postoperative rehabilitation. Morphology, location, and the age of onset can greatly assist the pediatric ophthalmologist in determining the suspected etiology. Surgical timing and approach must be tailored for each child’s unique presentation. Finally, parents and caregivers play an incredibly important role in vision outcomes. A thorough and candid discussion must take place to ensure everyone is actively engaged in the postoperative management of the aphakic or pseudophakic child.
Reversible Adsorption Kinetics of Near Surface Dimer Colloids.

We investigate the effect of shape on reversible adsorption kinetics using colloidal polystyrene dimers near a solid glass surface as a model system. The interaction between colloid and wall is tuned using electrostatic, depletion, and gravity forces to produce a double-well potential. The dwell time in each of the potential wells is measured from long duration particle trajectories. The height of each monomer relative to the glass surface is measured to a resolution of <20 nm by in-line holographic microscopy. The measured transition probability distributions are used in kinetic equations to describe the flux of particles to and from the surface. The dimers are compared to independent isolated monomers to determine the effects of shape on adsorption equilibria and kinetics. To elucidate these differences, we consider both mass and surface coverage and two definitions of surface coverage. The results show that dimers with single coverage produce slower adsorption, lower surface coverage, and higher mass c...
Who Else Should Vote in Local Decision-Making? Enfranchising Part Time Residents and Non-citizens

This paper argues for an expansion of the suffrage in American local governmental elections significantly beyond what is currently permitted in most local elections in the United States. Two recommendations are proposed: (1) Allowing non-citizen residents to vote in local governmental jurisdictions. (2) Allowing individuals who demonstrably live in two local areal jurisdictions to claim dual residency with local voting rights in both districts. The paper defends these two recommendations by calling attention to the global change in our understanding of citizenship and residency and the implications of these changes to the exercise of the franchise. These changes include the rise of dual citizenship. Citizenship in one state is no longer preclusive of citizenship in another state. A second change is the importance assigned to a single declared and recognized residency within many countries including the United States. A third change is the shifting understanding of the relationship between citizenship and residency and the implications for how we should think about voting rights at home and abroad.
Abstract 262: Low Self-Efficacy Correlates with Increased Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is largely a preventable illness contingent upon the ability of patients to adhere to healthy lifestyle choices. Self-efficacy is a strong predictor of a patient’s ability to adopt healthy lifestyle change. We sought to examine correlations between self-efficacy and CVD risk. Methods: The Integrative Cardiac Health Project is an interdisciplinary CVD prevention program that seeks to improve modifiable CVD risk factors among military healthcare beneficiaries. Participants are provided comprehensive assessments and consultations within the disciplines of exercise, nutrition, stress and sleep to identify and modify CVD risk. Upon initiation of the program, participants complete a battery of assessments including anthropomorphic measurements, fasting laboratory studies and validated surveys for self-efficacy and sleep. Sleep surveys include the Berlin Questionnaire for sleep apnea, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for global assessment of sleep quality, and the visual analog fatigue score. In this retrospective analysis, patients were sorted into low and high self-efficacy groups using the midpoint of the range of self-efficacy scores. Patients with low (10 to <16.25 points) and high (16.25 to 22.5 points) self-efficacy scores were compared utilizing t-tests. Results: Of 71 participants (mean age 52 yrs, 33 men (46%)), 25 (35.2%) had low self-efficacy scores. Subjects with low self-efficacy scores demonstrated numerous CVD risk factors (See table). ![Graphic][1] Conclusions: Self-efficacy and CVD risk profiles appear to be inversely related. To lower CVD risk and improve adherence to healthy lifestyle change, strategies to improve patient self-efficacy must be a primary consideration. [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Reduced body weight gain in ubiquilin-1 transgenic mice is associated with increased expression of energy-sensing proteins.

Abstract Ubiquilin‐1 (Ubqln1), a ubiquitin‐like protein, is implicated in a variety of pathophysiological processes, but its role in mediating body weight gain or metabolism has not been determined. Here, we demonstrate that global overexpression of Ubqln1 in a transgenic (Tg) mouse reduces the animal9s body weight gain. The decreased body weight gain in Tg mice is associated with lower visceral fat content and higher metabolic rate. The Ubqln1 Tg mice exhibited reduced leptin and insulin levels as well as increased insulin sensitivity manifested by homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. Additionally, the reduced body weight in Tg mice was associated with the upregulation of two energy‐sensing proteins, sirtuin1 (SIRT1) in the hypothalamus and AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the skeletal muscle. Consistent with the in vivo results, overexpression of Ubqln1 significantly increased SIRT1 and AMPK levels in the mouse embryonic fibroblast cell culture. Thus, our results not only establish the link between Ubqln1 and body weight regulation but also indicate that the metabolic function of Ubqln1 on body weight may be through regulating energy‐sensing proteins.
Optical fiber chemical sensors

The theory and applications of optical fiber chemical sensors are discussed. Several transduction mechanisms for measuring the quantity of chemical species such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, or toxic substances in the air or water are explained. A new frequency domain method which utilizes (chemo-optic) variable index material optical fiber couplers is also proposed for the application in distributed sensing.
Naturalizm i jego rola w nauce

The philosophy of Naturalism dominates scientific thinking, for reasons that can be understood from review of the history of scientific thought. This article evaluates the nature and implications of Naturalism when several components are examined separately. Philosophical Naturalism rejects the possibility that God exists. It is clearly a philosophy, cannot be tested by science, and will not be discussed further in this paper. Methodological Naturalism (MN) is simply a method for doing science that does not accept any supernatural explanations. It seems, on the surface, to be harmless and a necessary part of the scientific method. However, since modern scientists working in areas of experimental, observational science do not seem to puzzle over whether they should invoke the supernatural in their explanations, it seems difficult to claim that MN is necessary in this part of science. However, in the study of history (geological or biological history, e.g.) it is important to decide what to do with MN. This article claims that when we can examine evidence for certain historical events, they are legitimate subjects for science, even if science cannot examine all the possible causes for those events. An example would be evidence for very rapid and extensive geological processes that may suggest a (divinely initiated) global flood as the cause.
Ichneumon promissorius (Erichson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): Factors Affecting Fecundity, Oviposition, and Longevity

Ichneumon (=Pterocormus) promissorius (Erichson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumomidae), a native of Australia, is a pupal parasitoid which searches the soil surface for host pupation sites, burrows into a p...
Stable organic thin-film transistors

Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) can be fabricated at moderate temperatures and through cost-effective solution-based processes on a wide range of low-cost flexible and deformable substrates. Although the charge mobility of state-of-the-art OTFTs is superior to that of amorphous silicon and approaches that of amorphous oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs), their operational stability generally remains inferior and a point of concern for their commercial deployment. We report on an exhaustive characterization of OTFTs with an ultrathin bilayer gate dielectric comprising the amorphous fluoropolymer CYTOP and an Al 2 O 3 :HfO 2 nanolaminate. Threshold voltage shifts measured at room temperature over time periods up to 5.9 × 10 5 s do not vary monotonically and remain below 0.2 V in microcrystalline OTFTs (μc-OTFTs) with field-effect carrier mobility values up to 1.6 cm 2 V −1 s −1 . Modeling of these shifts as a function of time with a double stretched-exponential (DSE) function suggests that two compensating aging mechanisms are at play and responsible for this high stability. The measured threshold voltage shifts at temperatures up to 75°C represent at least a one-order-of-magnitude improvement in the operational stability over previous reports, bringing OTFT technologies to a performance level comparable to that reported in the scientific literature for other commercial TFTs technologies.
Privacy at the Margins| Concerns, Skills, and Activities: Multilayered Privacy Issues in Disadvantaged Urban Communities

Little attention has been given to how members of economically, socially, and digitally disadvantaged groups experience privacy. Using a door-to-door paper-and-pencil household census of public housing communities in a major American city, this study examined three layers of digital privacy experiences among public housing residents—privacy concerns, privacy skills, and privacy-compromising activities. Results showed that privacy concerns are one of the major reasons that hinder residents from adopting the Internet. Regression analysis revealed significant gaps in digital privacy skills among residents by generation and by having private Internet access or not. Moreover, higher levels of privacy skills and relatively private Internet access contribute to more frequent engagement in digital activities that can compromise privacy. This research provides valuable insights on how privacy concerns and skills affect digital inclusion in a marginalized population.
Writing Artifacts as Narratives of Emotion

This manuscript will examine the role of emotion in writing through a comparative analysis of home-based written artifacts from children between the ages of 5 and 7 from seven families. We investigate how writing reflects the emotional context of the family that can function as a tool for the construction of narratives. The examination of writing through this perspective illustrates how the process of composing written artifacts reflects the synchronization and coordination of social and historical events imbued with emotions as told by the children’s written artifacts.
Structure–property relationships for 3D-printed PEEK intervertebral lumbar cages produced using fused filament fabrication

Recent advances in the additive manufacturing technology now enable fused filament fabrication of polyetheretherketone (PEEK). A standardized lumbar fusion cage design was 3D printed with different speeds of the printhead nozzle to investigate whether 3D-printed PEEK cages exhibit sufficient material properties for lumbar fusion applications. It was observed that the compressive and shear strength of the 3D-printed cages were 63–71% of the machined cages, whereas the torsion strength was 92%. The printing speed is an important printing parameter for 3D-printed PEEK, which resulted in up to 20% porosity at the highest speed of 3000 mm/min, leading to reduced cage strength. Printing speeds below 1500 mm/min can be chosen as the optimal printing speed for this printer to reduce the printing time while maintaining strength. The crystallinity of printed PEEK did not differ significantly from the as-machined PEEK cages from extruded rods, indicating that the processing provides similar microstructure.
One Time Programmable Antifuse Memory Based on Bulk Junctionless Transistor

One time programmable (OTP) antifuse base memory is demonstrated based on a bulk junctionless gate-all-around (GAA) nanowire transistor technology. The presented memory consists of a single transistor (1T) footprint without any process modification. The source/drain (S/D) and gate, respectively, become bit line and word line where the antifuse is formed by oxide breakdown across the gate and the channel. The channel is connected directly to the bit line due to junctionless S/D and inherently isolated from the neighboring cell by the GAA channel. Therefore, an array of 1T antifuse OTP can be a candidate for the sub-5-nm technology node.
Applications in Surface Science

In this chapter we illustrate the applications of surface electron microscopy with slow electrons by examples selected from the extensive list of references, which should be accessible to most readers. The list has no claim to completeness, in particular because some important results have been published only in conference proceedings, which are hard to find, and some in the open literature may have been overlooked. Many application examples have already been mentioned in Chap. 3 in connection with the description of the methods and will not be repeated here. The examples are ordered primarily according to the material studied, an imperfect ordering system because certain phenomena are studied using several materials. This will become evident already in the first section, which is concerned with the microstructure of surfaces, studied on metals, semiconductors, and insulators. All methods, which contribute to the understanding of a given phenomenon will be discussed in the corresponding section to illustrate their complementarity whenever existing. Every method has its strengths and limitations and accordingly will dominate the various chapters. For example, LEEM is ideally suited for the study of the microstructure of surfaces and of processes that influence it, while of only limited use for the study of the surface composition. On the other hand, XPEEM gives little information on the microstructure but is powerful in chemical characterization. Some of the other methods such as MIEEM provide very limited information but will nevertheless be mentioned whenever they have been used in a given context.
A systematic exploration of [Formula: see text] cutoff ranges in machine learning models for protein mutation stability prediction

Discerning how a mutation affects the stability of a protein is central to the study of a wide range of diseases. Mutagenesis experiments on physical proteins provide precise insights about the effects of amino acid substitutions, but such studies are time and cost prohibitive. Computational approaches for informing experimentalists where to allocate wet-lab resources are available, including a variety of machine learning models. Assessing the accuracy of machine learning models for predicting the effects of mutations is dependent on experiments for amino acid substitutions performed in vitro. When similar experiments on physical proteins have been performed by multiple laboratories, the use of the data near the juncture of stabilizing and destabilizing mutations is questionable. In this work, we explore a systematic and principled alternative to discarding experimental data close to the juncture of stabilizing and destabilizing mutations. We model the inconclusive range of experimental [Formula: see text] values via 3- and 5-way classifiers, and systematically explore potential boundaries for the range of inconclusive experimental values. We demonstrate the effectiveness of potential boundaries through confusion matrices and heat map visualizations. We explore two novel metrics for assessing viable cutoff ranges, and find that under these metrics, a lower cutoff near [Formula: see text] and an upper cutoff near [Formula: see text] are optimal across multiple machine learning models.
Targeting the crosstalk between cytokine-induced killer cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma

Background & Aims Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell-based immunotherapy is effective as an adjuvant therapy in early stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but lacks efficacy in advanced HCC. We aimed to investigate immune suppressor mechanisms in HCC, focusing on the role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in response to CIK therapy. Methods MDSCs were quantified by flow cytometry and quantitative real-time PCR. Cytokines were detected by cytokine array. A lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxicity assay was performed in the presence or absence of MDSCs to study CIK function against HCC cells in vitro. An FDA-approved PDE5 inhibitor, tadalafil, was used to target MDSCs in vitro and in vivo. Two different murine HCC cell lines were tested in subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor models in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. The antitumor effects of human CIKs and MDSCs were also tested in vitro. Results Adoptive cell transfer of CIKs into tumor-bearing mice induced inflammatory mediators (e.g., CX3CL1, IL-13) in the tumor microenvironment and an increase of tumor-infiltrating MDSCs, leading to impaired antitumor activity in 2 different HCC models. MDSCs efficiently suppressed the cytotoxic activity of CIKs in vitro. In contrast, treatment with a PDE5 inhibitor reversed the MDSC suppressor function via ARG1 and iNOS blockade and systemic treatment with a PDE5 inhibitor prevented MDSC accumulation in the tumor microenvironment upon CIK cell therapy and increased its antitumor efficacy. Similar results were observed when human CIKs were tested in vitro in the presence of CD14+HLA-DR−/low MDSCs. Treatment of MDSCs with a PDE5 inhibitor suppressed MDSC suppressor function and enhanced CIK activity against human HCC cell lines in vitro. Conclusion Our results suggest that targeting MDSCs is an efficient strategy to enhance the antitumor efficacy of CIKs for the treatment of patients with HCC. Lay summary Cytokine-induced killer cells are a mixture of immune cells given to eliminate cancer cells. However, not all patients respond to this treatment. Herein, we show in 2 different liver cancer models that myeloid-derived suppressor cells are increased in response to cytokine-induced killer cell therapy. Targeting these myeloid-derived suppressor cells may provide an additional therapeutic benefit alongside cytokine-induced killer cell therapy.
Mitogen Inducible Gene-6 Is a Prognostic Marker for Patients with Colorectal Liver Metastases.

Abstract PURPOSE: Prognostic schemes that rely on clinical variables to predict outcome after resection of colorectal metastases remain imperfect. We hypothesized that molecular markers can improve the accuracy of prognostic schemes. METHODS: We screened the transcriptome of matched colorectal liver metastases (CRCLM) and primary tumors from 42 patients with unresected CRCLM to identify differentially expressed genes. Among the differentially expressed genes identified, we looked for associations between expression and time to disease progression or overall survival. To validate such associations, mRNA levels of the candidate genes were assayed by qRT-PCR from CRCLM in 56 additional patients who underwent hepatectomy. RESULTS: Seven candidate genes were selected for validation based on their differential expression between metastases and primary tumors and a correlation between expression and surgical outcome: lumican; tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase 1; basic helix-loop-helix domain containing class B2; fibronectin; transmembrane 4 superfamily member 1; mitogen inducible gene 6 (MIG-6); and serpine 2. In the hepatectomy group, only MIG-6 expression was predictive of poor survival after hepatectomy. Quantitative PCR of MIG-6 mRNA was performed on 25 additional hepatectomy patients to determine if MIG-6 expression could substratify patients beyond the clinical risk score. Patients within defined clinical risk score categories were effectively substratified into distinct groups by relative MIG-6 expression. CONCLUSIONS: MIG-6 expression is inversely associated with survival after hepatectomy and may be used to improve traditional prognostic schemes that rely on clinicopathologic data such as the Clinical Risk Score.
THU0322 CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOPSY-PROVEN IGA VASCULITIS IN CHILDREN AND ADULTS: A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY

Background Differences in both presentation and outcome based on age of diagnosis have been described in patients with IgA vasculitis (IgAV) but data are limited due to cohort size and follow-up duration. Objectives To describe the differences in clinical characteristics and outcome between adult- and child-onset biopsy-proven IgA vasculitis (IgAV) in North America. Methods Patients with IgAV from January 1, 1997, through December 31, 2016 were retrospectively identified. Clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters and outcomes were abstracted from direct medical chart review. Proteinuria was classified as non-nephrotic (≥0.2 g/d, ≤3.5 g/d) or nephrotic (>3.5 g/d). Microscopic hematuria was defined as ≥5 RBCs/hpf or ≥2+ on dipstick. Disease activity at each follow-up visit was categorized as complete response (normalization of all baseline abnormalities due to IgAV), partial response, non-response (lack of improvement of any abnormalities) or relapse (development of clinical signs of IgAV after a symptom-free period of at least one month). Prevalence of disease activity and competing risks were estimated using multi-state models. Results A total of 243 IgAV patients were identified (97% Caucasian, 58% male). 174 patients were adults (>21 years) and 69 were Dialysis was required in 13 patients (8 adults) and renal transplant was performed in 4 cases (1 adult). Of 137 patients with hematuria during the study, 72% had complete resolution by 1 year after onset, compared to 50% of 179 patients with proteinuria. The prevalence of disease activity state at each follow-up time point is shown in figure 1. During 389 person-years of follow-up, 29 deaths were observed. The main causes of death were cancer, cardiovascular disease, infection and vasculitis. Five year survival rates (95% CI) for patients aged Conclusion IgAV in adults is associated with more severe skin/kidney involvement and poorer renal outcome. Among adults with IgAV, patients aged 51 years or older at diagnosis have significantly higher mortality. References [1] Audemard-Verger A, Terrier B, Dechartres A, et al. Characteristics and Management of IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schonlein) in Adults: Data From 260 Patients Included in a French Multicenter Retrospective Survey. Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.). 2017;69:1862-1870. [2] Pillebout E, Thervet E, Hill G, Alberti C, Vanhille P, Nochy D. Henoch-Schonlein Purpura in adults: outcome and prognostic factors. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN. 2002;13:1271-1278. [3] Westman K, Flossmann O, Gregorini G. The long-term outcomes of systemic vasculitis. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. 2015;30 Suppl 1:i60-66. [4] Shrestha S, Sumingan N, Tan J, Alhous H, McWilliam L, Ballardie F. Henoch Schonlein purpura with nephritis in adults: adverse prognostic indicators in a UK population. QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians. 2006;99:253-265. Disclosure of Interests None declared
The Impact of Students’ Cultural Intelligence on Their Psychological Safety in Global Virtual Project Teams

This study addresses a call for the design and implementation of course curricula that prepare students to develop their CQ and gain experience working with peers on global virtual project teams. W...
Dynamics of the context-specific translation arrest by chloramphenicol and linezolid.

Chloramphenicol (CHL) and linezolid (LZD) are antibiotics that inhibit translation. Both were thought to block peptide-bond formation between all combinations of amino acids. Yet recently, a strong nascent peptide context-dependency of CHL- and LZD-induced translation arrest was discovered. Here we probed the mechanism of action of CHL and LZD by using single-molecule Forster resonance energy transfer spectroscopy to monitor translation arrest induced by antibiotics. The presence of CHL or LZD does not substantially alter dynamics of protein synthesis until the arrest-motif of the nascent peptide is generated. Inhibition of peptide-bond formation compels the fully accommodated A-site transfer RNA to undergo repeated rounds of dissociation and nonproductive rebinding. The glycyl amino-acid moiety on the A-site Gly-tRNA manages to overcome the arrest by CHL. Our results illuminate the mechanism of CHL and LZD action through their interactions with the ribosome, the nascent peptide and the incoming amino acid, perturbing elongation dynamics.
Fatal cardiac injury sustained from an air gun: Case report with review of the literature.

Abstract Introduction Traditionally promoted as “toy guns,” air guns have long been used by children and lack many regulatory guidelines compared to conventional firearms. However these weapons possess serious lethal potential and have led to numerous injuries and deaths. Presentation of case We describe a 21 year old man who sustained a penetrating cardiac wound from a pellet gun that led to cardiac tamponade and death. Post-mortem examination showed the pellet had penetrated the left ventricle and anterior esophagus with subsequent intraluminal migration into the stomach. Discussion Review of the literature identified 39 other cases of penetrating cardiac injuries from air guns. Sternotomy was the most frequently used surgical approach and the right and left ventricles were the most commonly affected chambers. Bullet embolization was the most frequently reported complication. Including our case, five deaths related to penetrating cardiac injury from air guns were identified. Conclusions This report highlights the seriousness of air guns and demonstrates a unique intra-thoracic injury.
Recent Advances and Challenges in Security and Privacy for V2X Communications

In recent studies, vehicular networks have been considered as a promising solution to achieve better traffic management and to improve the driving experience of drivers. In vehicular networks, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) services, e.g. on-road traffic information exchange and location-based services, are provided to facilitate road safety for vehicles and traffic management for the relevant authorities. Dedicated Short Range Communications is specifically designed for V2X communications, and recently the cellular network has shown great potential to support V2X with better performance and more applications. Due to the wireless nature of V2X communications, how to secure V2X communications and guarantee the privacy of users are great challenges that have hampered the implementation of vehicular services. Many solutions have been proposed by researchers in last two decades. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey on the state-of-the-art solutions concerning security and privacy for V2X communications. For security, detailed discussions on cryptography based schemes and trust based schemes are provided. For privacy, we summarize and compare general solutions in preserving identity privacy and location privacy. Cellular based V2X communications have shown many advantages over DSRC, and the oncoming fifth-generation cellular technology is going to provide more possibilities to V2X. Thus, security architectures and solutions for cellular based communications are also illustrated and discussed. Finally, we summarize the remaining challenges and point out future research directions.