cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determination of 2,4,6-triiodophenol and its metabolites in human urine by anion-exchange chromatography with ICP-MS detection

An analytical method using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was developed for the separation and determination of iodophenol compounds in human urine samples. The advantages of using highly-sensitive 127I detection provided by ICP-MS for the speciation of 2,4,6-triiodophenol, 4-iodophenol and 2-iodophenol are shown in this work. 2,4,6-triiodophenol is also referred to as Bobel-24, an anti-inflammatory. Chromatographic conditions were optimized using UV absorption at 254 nm and ICP-MS detection of 127I and a comparative study between these two detection systems was developed. The separation of iodophenol species was studied by two different chromatographic modes: reversed-phase and anion-exchange chromatography. Complete chromatographic resolution of the iodophenol species was obtained in 100% aqueous phase solution using gradient elution of NaOH (50 mmol l−1) and NaOH (50 mmol l−1) with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Total resolution was obtained in a minimal retention time of 7 min. Since the separation of the iodophenol species was performed in an aqueous mobile phase, high sensitivity was obtained with the ICP-MS instrument. The detection limits obtained were between 0.08–0.22 µg l−1 as iodophenol compounds. On the other hand, the detection limits obtained with UV detection were 300–325 times higher with ICP-MS. Finally, the analytical methodology was applied for the determination of iodophenols in human urine.
The Suicide Prevention, Depression Awareness, and Clinical Engagement Program for Faculty and Residents at the University of California, Davis Health System

The objective of the study is to present results of a depression and suicide screening and treatment referral program for physicians at an academic medical center. An anonymous web-based screening questionnaire was sent to all physicians at a large academic center. Responses were classified as indicating either high, moderate, or low risk for depression and suicide. Physicians at high and moderate risk were contacted by a counselor through a messaging system. The counselor’s message contained information on risk level and an invitation to meet in person. High-risk respondents who did not reply to the message or declined to meet received mental health resources. Respondents who met with the counselor were offered individualized treatment referrals and to participate in a 1-year follow-up of self-reports every 3 months. The questionnaire was sent to approximately 1800 residents, fellows, and faculty from February 2013 through March 2019. A total of 639 questionnaires were received, 100 were excluded for various reasons, and 539 were used to conduct analyses (14.4% response rate). The majority of respondents were classified at moderate (333 [62%]) or high (193 [36%]) risk for depression or suicide. Eighty-three respondents were referred for mental health care, and 14 provided data for the follow-up study. Results of screening physicians for depression and suicide at one academic medical center highlight the challenges of engaging most of them in this activity and the satisfaction of the minority who successfully engaged in a treatment referral program.
A Demands and Resources Approach to Understanding Faculty Turnover Intentions Due to Work–Family Balance

Using data collected on tenure-line faculty at a research-intensive Midwestern university, this study explored predictors of faculty job turnover intentions due to a desire for a better work–family balance. We adopted Voydanoff’s theoretical framework and included demands and resources both within and spanning across the work and family domains. Results showed that work-related demands and resources were much stronger predictors of work–family turnover intentions than family-related demands or resources. Specifically, work-to-family negative spillover was positively associated with work–family turnover intentions, and two work-related resources (job satisfaction and supportive work–family culture) were negatively associated with work–family turnover intentions. On the other hand, family-related demands and resources (within the family domain or boundary-spanning from family to work) did not significantly predict work–family turnover intentions.
Peripheral vascular disease as remote ischemic preconditioning, for acute stroke

a b s t r a c t Objectives: Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a powerful endogenous mechanism whereby a brief period of ischemia is capable of protecting remote tissues from subsequent ischemic insult. While this phenomenon has been extensively studied in the heart and brain in animal models, little work has been done to explore the effects of RIPC in human patients with acute cerebral ischemia. This study investigates whether chronic peripheral hypoperfusion, in the form of pre-existing arterial peripheral vascular disease (PVD) that has not been surgically treated, is capable of inducing neuroprotective effects for acute ischemic stroke. Methods: Individuals with PVD who had not undergone prior surgical treatment were identified from a registry of stroke patients. A control group within the same database was identified by matching patient's demographics and risk factors. The two groups were compared in terms of outcome by NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS), modified Rankin scale (mRS), mortality, and volume of infarcted tissue at presentation and at discharge. Results: The matching algorithm identified 26 pairs of PVD-control patients (9 pairs were female and 17 pairs were male). Age range was 20-93 years (mean 73). The PVD group was found to have signif- icantly lower NIHSS scores at admission (NIHSS ≤ 4: PVD 47.1%, control 4.35%, p < 0.003), significantly more favorable outcomes at discharge (mRS ≤ 2: PVD 30.8%, control 3.84%, p < 0.012), and a significantly lower mortality rate (PVD 26.9%, control 57.7%, p = 0.024). Mean acute stroke volume at admission and at discharge were significantly lower for the PVD group (admission: PVD 39.6 mL, control 148.3 mL, p < 0.005 and discharge: PVD 111.7 mL, control 275 mL, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Chronic limb hypoperfusion induced by PVD can potentially produce a neuroprotective effect in acute ischemic stroke. This effect resembles the neuroprotection induced by RIPC in preclinical models.
Lysozyme contamination facilitates crystallization of a heterotrimeric cortactin-Arg-lysozyme complex.

Crystallization of contaminating proteins is a frequently encountered problem for macromolecular crystallographers. In this study, an attempt was made to obtain a binary cocrystal structure of the SH3 domain of cortactin and a 17-­residue peptide from the Arg nonreceptor tyrosine kinase encompassing a PxxPxxPxxP (PxxP1) motif. However, cocrystals could only be obtained in the presence of trace amounts of a contaminating protein. A structure solution obtained by molecular replacement followed by ARP/wARP automatic model building allowed a ‘sequence-by-crystallography’ approach to discover that the contaminating protein was lysozyme. This 1.65 A resolution crystal structure determination of a 1:1:1 heterotrimeric complex of Arg, cortactin and lysozyme thus provides an unusual ‘caveat emptor’ warning of the dangers that underpurified proteins harbor for macromolecular crystallographers.
Toward a unified paradigm for constructing and understanding robot processes

Dijkstra argued (1968) that the structure of programs should match that of their execution. This challenge is important but difficult for the kinds of fluid multiprocess programming required by even simple robotics problems. Among recognized paradigms applied to robotics, some express process structure more directly than others, but none easily encompasses the full range of process and control relationships needed to describe interesting behavior simply. The approach described here, structured concurrent programming, adopts a diverse set of process structures as primary language elements with three consequences: (i) explicit process management via process ID's is not used: (ii) previously disjoint programming paradigms are integrated more tightly, than before: (iii) it becomes more feasible for textual programs to execute "in place" in a live programming environment.
Ophthalmic manifestations of Angelman syndrome

In 1965, Angelman described 3 cases of what he called "Puppet" children, named for the characteristic signs associated with what is now known as Angelman syndrome, including mental retardation, speech impairment, easy excitability, and frequent spontaneous laughter.(1) Since that report, much progress has been made in defining the syndrome's clinical manifestations and understanding its molecular foundations, including identification of deletions of 15q11-13 in some patients. There are few reports in the ophthalmic literature regarding ocular manifestations of this syndrome. (2,3) We present the case of a child with strabismus associated with Angelman syndrome, and we review the ophthalmic and systemic findings, as well as recent advances in molecular genetics, in these patients.
The Self and the Other: An Emerging Field of Social Problems

This paper will explore some of the further implications of a shift in social problems resulting from recent changes in the social climate. An earlier paper examined some of the general relationships between social character and social problems and suggested that many traditional problems are on the way to amelioration and eventual solution. (18) Among these problems are illiteracy, poverty, child labor, unemployment, undernourishment, old-age insecurity, infant mortality, endemic disease, and similar difficulties which have recently come within the purview of democratic government. These situations are by no means completely eliminated in the United States, much less in the underdeveloped parts of the world. But the technical knowledge and productive capacity to deal constructively with them are part of the heritage of modern democratic societies.
Laser cooling of atoms towards quantum degeneracy or BEC

Summary form only given. High-brightness sources of cold atoms prepared by laser cooling have many applications in precision experiments and Bose-Einstein condensation. While in optical molasses the temperature increases strongly with atomic density, tight confinement of atoms in the Lamb-Dicke regime in an optical lattice allows to extend laser cooling to higher atomic densities, and subsequent adiabatic release from the lattice can be used to convert the high local density into low kinetic energy at constant bulk density. For an initial temperature in the lattice that is smaller than the vibrational spacing, free-space temperatures near or below the recoil limit can be reached.
Elevational and Seasonal Variation in the Foliar Quality and Arthropod Community of Acer pensylvanicum

Elevational gradients provide natural experiments for examining how variation in abiotic forces such as nutrient mineralization rates, risk of photodamge, temperature, and precipitation influence plant-insect interactions. At the Coweeta LTER site in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, we examined spatial and temporal variation in striped maple, Acer pensylvanicum, foliar quality and associated patterns in the arthropod community. Variation in herbivore densities was associated more strongly with seasonal variation in plant quality than with spatial variation in quality among three sampling sites. Leaf chewer, but not phloem feeder or arthropod predator, densities increased with elevation. Foliar quality, by our measures, decreased throughout the growing season, with decreases in nitrogen concentrations and increases in lignin concentrations. Foliar quality varied among the three sites but not systematically along the elevational gradient. We conclude that, in this system, temporal heterogeneity in plant quality is likely to be more important to insect herbivores than is spatial heterogeneity and that other factors, such as the abiotic environment and natural enemies, likely have substantial effects on herbivore density.
Successful Implementation of a Referral-based Academic Pediatric Hospitalist Service

Objective: St Louis Children’s Hospital (SLCH) developed Service for Hospital Admissions by Referring Physicians (SHARP) in January 2008 as an inpatient referral service for pediatricians who previously admitted their own patients. We hypothesized that use of SHARP would make hospitalization more efficient and cost-effective compared with the general pediatric medicine (GM) service. Methods: Admission volumes, diagnoses, length of stay (LOS), costs, and physician billing data were abstracted from SLCH information systems and the Pediatric Health Information System database. We compared admissions for SHARP and GM from January 2008 through June 2010. Results: SHARP had lower LOS and costs versus GM, with no change in 7-day readmission rate. Median LOS was 2 days for SHARP and 3 days for GM (P Conclusions: SHARP approaches financial independence and provides a cost savings to SLCH. LOS decreased by a statistically significant amount compared with GM with no change in readmission rate. Referring physician satisfaction was high, likely allowing for growth in referrals to SLCH. SHARP hospitalists’ collaboration with referring physicians, ensuring excellent follow-up, provides decreased duration of hospitalization and resource utilization. Our availability throughout the day to reassess patients increases efficiency. We project that we must average 12.6 daily encounters to be financially independent.
Edge detection in ultrasound speckle noise

Presents a statistical approach to edge detection in ultrasound speckle, and uses actual noise statistics to derive an expression for an optimal detection rule. The authors compute the optimal detector for the special case of uncorrelated speckle, and an approximation to the optimal detector for the case when signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is high. They also discuss a simple sub-optimal detection scheme, and show that its performance is close to that of the optimal uncorrelated speckle detection rule, and surpasses that of the high-SNR approximation except in the case of extremely high SNR, in which case they both perform equally well. >
The role of practice in videodisc-based procedural instructions

The author reports a procedure for developing multimedia instructions that are 'optimized' according to certain criteria. She describes the design of interactive videodisc-based assembly instruction using IBM's Info Window system. Research comparing interactive videodisc-based assembly instructions and passive videotape instructions is presented. Performance in building from memory an 80-piece object is assessed for six different groups. The main comparison is between groups which have interactive instructions and are allowed to build during training, and groups that have the same instructions but are not followed to build during training. The 'build' groups never perform better from memory than the 'no build' groups (on structure or efficiency) and sometimes perform significantly worse. An explanation is offered using a framework for multimedia concepts in memory. It is concluded that, when practice is mixed with simultaneous audiovisual instruction, the motoric elements created by practice do not become an integrated part of the concept of building the object formed from the audiovisual information. Instead, motoric elements remain 'outside' the concept. >
Revisions to the Biostratigraphy of the Mosasauridae (Squamata) in the Smoky Hill Chalk Member of the Niobrara Chalk (Late Cretaceous) of Kansas

Abstract The Smoky Hill Chalk Member of the Niobrara Chalk was deposited in the Western Interior Sea during a span of about five million years extending from the upper Coniacian through the lower Campanian. Coincidentally, this period also encompasses much of the early evolution and radiation of the family Mosasauridae. Thousands of mosasaur specimens have been collected from the Smoky Hill Chalk Member of western Kansas since the first Yale College Scientific Expedition in 1870. Early workers viewed the entire Smoky Hill Chalk Member as the “Pteranodon beds” and were not able to provide accurate stratigraphic information. Even though mosasaurs are represented by numerous complete and well preserved specimens, the ranges of the various species could not be defined further without better stratigraphic data. In 1898, S. W. Williston first described the general distribution of mosasaurs within the Rudistes and Hesperornis beds of the Smoky Hill Chalk Member. Seventy years later, D. A. Russell grouped mosasau...
Building and Operating Costs Versus Rental Income

Those who design structures have significant control over most of the nation’s wealth. That control is exercised in the initial and operating costs built into structures, the total value of which now accounts for more than half the national wealth. Those who would tell others with what and how to build should be prepared to participate in recommendations on why, where, when and how much to build, which requires real estate investment analysis. A method for such analysis is provided together with means for determining maximum allowable investment equity, maximum allowable increase in initial cost to achieve reduced operating expense, and increase in rental income required to justify changes in initial or operating cost.
Rifle Shuffles and Their Associated Dynamical Systems

It is shown that for every stationary sequence of random riffle permutations there is a natural associated dynamical system consisting of random orbits in the space of sequences from a finite alphabet. For many interesting models of card-shuffling, the associated dynamical systems have simple descriptions in terms of random or deterministic measure-preserving maps of the unit interval. It is shown that the rate of mixing for a card-shuffling process is constrained by the fiber entropy h of this map: at least (log N)/h repetitions of the shuffle are needed to randomize a deck of size N, when N is large.
Postnatal developmental changes in blood flow to choroid plexuses and cerebral cortex of the rat

Postnatal developmental changes in blood flow to choroid plexuses of the lateral (LVCP) and fourth (4VCP) ventricles and cerebral cortex were studied in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats at 2, 3, 5, and 7-8 wk. Blood flow was measured by indicator fractionation with N-isopropyl-p-[125I]iodoamphetamine as the marker. Blood flow to the LVCP and 4VCP was 2.5 +/- 0.1 and 2.7 +/- 0.1 ml.g-1.min-1, respectively, and did not change between the 2nd and 3rd wk. However, it increased by 34% between the 3rd and 5th wk. From the age of 5 wk on, 4VCP was characterized by higher blood flow rates than LVCP. Cerebral cortical blood flow gradually increased between the 2nd and 5th wk. There was no difference in cortical blood flow between 5-wk-old and adult animals. The changes in choroidal blood flow likely represent a continuing adjustment of the choroidal vascular system to steadily increasing secretory capabilities of the maturing choroidal epithelium.
Effect of nasal noninvasive respiratory support methods on pharyngeal provocation-induced aerodigestive reflexes in infants.

The pharynx is a locus of provocation among infants with aerodigestive morbidities manifesting as dysphagia, life-threatening events, aspiration-pneumonia, atelectasis, and reflux, and such infants often receive nasal respiratory support. We determined the impact of different oxygen delivery methods on pharyngeal stimulation-induced aerodigestive reflexes [room air (RA), nasal cannula (NC), and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP)] while hypothesizing that the sensory motor characteristics of putative reflexes are distinct. Thirty eight infants (28.0 ± 0.7 wk gestation) underwent pharyngoesophageal manometry and respiratory inductance plethysmography to determine the effects of graded pharyngeal stimuli (n = 271) on upper and lower esophageal sphincters (UES, LES), swallowing, and deglutition-apnea. Comparisons were made between NC (n = 19), nCPAP (n = 9), and RA (n = 10) groups. Importantly, NC or nCPAP (vs. RA) had: 1) delayed feeding milestones (P 0.05). We conclude that aerodigestive reflexes were similarly developed in infants using noninvasive respiratory support with adequate upper and lower aerodigestive protection. Increased concern for GERD is unfounded in this population. These infants may benefit from targeted oromotor feeding therapies and safe pharyngeal bolus transit to accelerate feeding milestones.
Halide Affinity for the Water−Air Interface in Aqueous Solutions of Mixtures of Sodium Salts

The water−air interface plays a critical role in many physical and chemical processes of the Earth’s atmosphere. In particular, heavy halide ions are strongly involved in processes of fundamental importance in determining the prevalence of many atmospheric components through heterogeneous reactions at the water−air interface. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the halide enhancements at the water−air interface in the case of mixtures of Cl−, Br−, and I− ions. The results show a pattern of enhancement directly correlated to the anion polarizability. This effect is explained in terms of the charge distribution across the slab resembling an electrical double layer. As a result, the anions with higher polarizability lower the system’s potential energy by enhancing their presence at the interface.
Rat Strain Differences in the Utilization of Glucose-U-14C and Acetate-1-14C for Fat Synthesis

SummaryThe difference in utilization of glucose and acetate for fat synthesis between rats of the BHE and Wistar strains was studied after the administering of acetate-1-14C or 14C-glucose labeled either uniformly or at the C-1 or C-6 position. Wistar rats were found to show a higher 1-14CO2/6-14CO2 ratio than BHE animals; but the difference was too small to demonstrate a real difference in whole-body utilization of the HMP shunt. The BHE animals incorporated a larger fraction of glucose and acetate label into the liver lipids than did Wistar animals; but incorporation of these labels into total carcass lipid was similar in the two strains at this age. Results indicated that hereditary differences in lipogenesis between these strains occur chiefly in the liver, where BHE animals synthesize fatty acids, glyceride-glycerol, phospholipids, and cholesterol at a higher rate than Wistar animals.
Relapsing polychondritis in a Latin American man

The first known reported case of relapsing polychondritis in a Latin American man is presented. The 35-year-old man, demonstrating auricular chondritis, arthritis, nasal cartilage involvement, episcleritis and respiratory tract chondritis, was admitted to the hospital and treated with 60 mg of prednisone daily, prednisolone acetate 1% ophthalmic drops every waking hour and homatropine hydrobromide 5% ophthalmic drops twice daily. After discharge from the hospital, he received 30 to 60 mg of prednisone daily and prednisolone acetate 1% ophthalmic drops twic daily for about 18 months. A permanent trachestomy was placed, azathioprine, 150 mg daily, was given and prednisone dosage was tapered to 25 mg daily when the patient subsequently was hospitalized for colapsed airway and Cushing's syndrome. The classic symptoms, pathogenesis and treatment of the disease are reviewed. Systemic corticosteroids are the drugs of choice in relapsing polychondritis, with immunosuppressive drugs, azathioprine in particular, being used as adjuvants to lower steroid dosage requirements and to achieve greater control of symptoms in patients with the severe progressive disease. Treatment of the disease with dapsone alone is promising and may offer an alternative to high-dose steroids and immunosuppressive therapy.
RANDOM POWER SERIES

This chapter discusses a particular kind of series of random variables with power series whose coefficients are random variables and explains the connection between the different modes of convergence of the random power series. In general, no circle of convergence exists for convergence in the probability of a random power series. Every random power series defined on a probability space has a circle of convergence in probability if the probability space is atomic. The chapter discusses the behavior of the radius of convergence. The convergence (or divergence) of a random power series is a tail event. It follows immediately from the zero-one law that a random power series with independent coefficients is either almost certainly convergent or almost certainly divergent. The radius of convergence of a convergent random power series with independently and identically distributed coefficients is almost certainly equal to one.
Single-crystal Titanium Dioxide Strip-Loaded Waveguides

We present optical waveguides using molecular beam epitaxy-grown single-crystal titanium dioxide (TiO2) on magnesium fluoride (MgF2) substrates. We create SU8 strip-loaded waveguides to measure optical guiding in the resulting thin films.
Quality of Evidence Underlying the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology/Heart Rhythm Society Guidelines on the Management of Atrial Fibrillation.

Importance The joint American College of Cardiology (ACC), American Heart Association (AHA), and Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) guidelines on the management of atrial fibrillation (AF) are used extensively to guide patient care. Objective To describe the evidence base and changes over time in the AHA/ACC/HRS guidelines on AF with respect to the distribution of recommendations across classes of recommendations and levels of evidence. Data Sources Data from the AHA/ACC/HRS guidelines on AF from 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2014 were abstracted. A total of 437 recommendations were included. Data Extraction and Synthesis The number of recommendations and distribution of classes of recommendation (I, II, and III) and levels of evidence (A, B, and C) were determined for each guideline edition. Changes in recommendation class and level of evidence were analyzed using the 2001 and 2014 guidelines. Results From 2001 to 2014, the total number of AF recommendations increased from 95 to 113. Numerically, there was a nonsignificant increase in the use of level of evidence B (30.5% to 39.8%; P = .17) and a nonsignificant decrease in the use of level of evidence C (60.0% to 51.3%; P = .21), with limited changes in the use of level A evidence (8.4% to 8.8%; P = .92). In the 2014 guideline document, 10 of 113 (8.8%) recommendations were supported by level of evidence A, whereas 58 of 113 (51.3%) were supported by level of evidence C. Most recommendations were equally split among class I (49/113; 43.4%) and class IIa/IIb (49/113; 43.4%), with the minority (15/113; 13.3%) assigned as class III. Most class I recommendations were supported by level of evidence C (29/49; 59.2%), whereas only 6 of 49 (12.2%) were supported by level of evidence A. No rate control category recommendations were supported by level of evidence A. Conclusions and Relevance Some aspects of the quality of evidence underlying AHA/ACC/HRS AF guidelines have improved over time. However, the use of level of evidence A remains low and has not increased since 2001. These findings highlight the need for focused and pragmatic randomized studies on the clinical management of AF.
Emotions, the Inner Lives of Those Who Work Toward Suffering Relief

The alleviation of world suffering requires action on the part of individuals. Yet, for these persons, awareness of and attention to suffering combined with a felt sense of connection may function as both assets and liabilities. While these capacities enable the galvanization necessary to incite actions aimed at the relief of suffering, they may come at powerful costs, undermining the well-being of advocates and the efficacy of their labors. Personal and social resources have a part to play in how we manage our experience of emotions and our beliefs about social change. Privately, caregivers, advocates and activists might learn to deliberately recognize and direct their individual capacities for attention, awareness, and connection toward more effective responses. Socially, communities within the advocacy field play an equally imperative role in the emotional experience of its members. Communal norms that construct advocacy as necessarily onerous may fail to acknowledge the limitations of caregivers and advocates, while supportive communities that prioritize connection and celebration may alleviate helping stress. Sustainable social change will require an awareness of the ways in which individual beliefs and behaviors, institutional policies, and cultural norms may hamper the alleviation of suffering.
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Metabolism and Neurodegeneration

Abstract Significance: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) participates in redox reactions and NAD+-dependent signaling processes, which involve the cleavage of NAD+ coupled to posttranslational modifications of proteins or the production of second messengers. Either as a primary cause or as a secondary component of the pathogenic process, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are prominent features of several neurodegenerative diseases. Activation of NAD+-dependent signaling pathways has a major effect in the capacity of the cell to modulate mitochondrial function and counteract the deleterious effects of increased oxidative stress. Recent Advances: Progress in the understanding of the biological functions and compartmentalization of NAD+-synthesizing and NAD+-consuming enzymes have led to the emergence of NAD+ metabolism as a major therapeutic target for age-related diseases. Critical Issues: Three distinct families of enzymes consume NAD+ as substrate: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs)...
Extension of the method of quasilinearization and rapid convergence

An extension of the method of quasilinearization has been applied to first-order nonlinear initial-value problems (IVP for short). It has been shown that there exist monotone sequences which converge rapidly to the unique solution of IVP.
Continuous Frames and the Kadison-Singer Problem

In this paper we survey a recent progress on continuous frames inspired by the solution of the Kadison-Singer problem [26] by Marcus, Spielman, and Srivastava [29]. We present an extension of Lyapunov’s theorem for discrete frames due to Akemann and Weaver [2] and a similar extension for continuous frames by the author [10]. We also outline a solution of the discretization problem, which was originally posed by Ali, Antoine, and Gazeau [4], and recently solved by Freeman and Speegle [22].
"Guidewire Intravenous Catheter Systems Do Not Improve First-Pass Success Rates for Peripheral Access When Placed By Army Combat Medics (68W) in a Pre-hospital Setting." A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial with Crossover Study Design.

Introduction This study was completed to determine if guidewire catheters improve first-pass success and time of placement for peripheral intravenous access. In the military, 21% of casualties from the battlefield arrive to a medical facility in hemorrhagic shock. The importance of successful and timely intravenous placement is crucial in the initial steps of preventing this condition. Multiple studies and reviews have shown that initial first-pass success rates for pre-hospital intravenous placement have been as low as 40%, and an average success rate of 81% when completed by paramedics or similarly skilled personnel. In an attempt to replicate or improve these rates, we proposed to study placement success rates by active duty military combat medics. We hypothesized that there would be no difference in first-pass success rates when using either a standard or guidewire catheter. Materials and Methods This study was a prospective, randomized, controlled trial with a crossover study design comparing the Accucath 18-gauge guidewire catheter to the standard 18-gauge peripheral intravenous catheter. The study included 93 1st Cavalry Division Army Combat Medics. Participants were voluntarily enrolled and consented on an individual basis. Each participant paired with a partner of their choice and acted as their own control. All supplies were laid out for the participants with the catheters randomly selected for either arm of the patient. The subjects were allowed to choose which catheter they would be tested on first. Times were recorded for only successful attempts. Results The guidewire catheter was not proven to have a higher cannulation rate, achieving only a 44% success rate versus 66% in the standard catheter group, as well as averaging 42 seconds longer to obtain successful cannulation versus the standard catheter. Interestingly, it was observed that the greater the time in service, there was an increased success rate with the guidewire catheter that was not noted with the standard catheter. Conclusions There was not a statistically significant improvement in the first-pass success rate of intravenous placement with the use of the guidewire catheter when compared with the standard-issue catheter. With these results, we cannot recommend the guidewire catheter to be used in leu of the standard catheter. Further studies might show improvement if subjects are allotted increased practice and familiarity with the new guidewire device.
Sealing Faceted Surfaces to Achieve Watertight CAD Models

Solid modeling engines are capable of faceting CAD models but may facet each face independent of adjacent faces. Regions of the resulting model have gaps between faces of their boundaries. An algorithm is described to seal faceted CAD models such that the boundary of neighboring faces has the same discretization along their shared edges. The algorithm works by sealing skin edges of geometric face faceting to geometric model edge facets, using vertex-vertex and vertex-edge contraction. Ten intricate CAD models of moderate to high complexity are tested with a range of facet tolerances. The algorithm succeeds in creating watertight models in most cases, with failures only at extreme values of facet tolerance and/or in the presence of geometric features which are outside the normal features encountered in most models.
Cellular Requirements and Mechanisms of Action of Antigen-specific Suppressor T Cell Factors

The cellular requirements and mechanisms of action of antigen-specific suppressor T cell factors have been analyzed using partially purified T cell subsets or cloned T cells lines, B cells and monoclonal sources of antigen-specific suppressor T cell factors. Single chain suppressor factors (TsF1) specific for L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT) are unable to suppress antibody responses of helper T cells and B cells directly, but require an Lyt 2+ cell to suppress antibody responses to GAT. These GAT-TsF1 are unrestricted by MHC or IgCH locus genes. Their activity contrasts to two-chain suppressor factors (GAT-TsF2) which are suppressive in the absence of added Lyt 2+ cells, but are restricted by MHC locus genes. The target of the TsF2 is the helper T cell; the activity of cloned helper T cells is inhibited when the cells are pulsed with GAT-TsF2 in the presence of GAT. Moreover, these cloned cells adsorb syngeneic, but not allogeneic, GAT-TsF2 in the presence of GAT. Thus helper cells can serve as targets for MHC-restricted TsF2 and cloned helper T cells can be used as a homogeneous target population to analyze the molecular mechanism(s) of T cell-mediated suppression.
Free radical-mediated reperfusion injury: a selective review

Tissue damage as a consequence of ischemia is a major medical problem in an industrialized society. Whereas the conventional view has attributed this injury process to ischemia itself, recent studies have found that a variable, but often substantial proportion of the injury is caused by toxic oxygen metabolites that are generated from xanthine oxidase at the time of reperfusion. This mechanism was first identified and characterized in a model of moderately mild partial vascular occlusion in the feline small intestine. Strikingly similar mechanisms have been subsequently confirmed as the basis for ischemia/reperfusion injury in the stomach, pancreas, liver, skin, skeletal muscle, heart, lung, kidney and central nervous system. The potential for clinical application of this concept is related primarily to that proportion of the total post-ischemic injury that is due to this reperfusion mechanism, set against the proportion due to ischemia itself. Ironically, in clinical cases of intestinal ischemia the reperfusion component appears to be proportionately small, and the potential for treatment of ischemic bowel disease is correspondingly limited. On the other hand, there is reason to expect that the ablation of free radical-mediated reperfusion injury, something that can be readily achieved through non-toxic means, may provide substantial benefit for the treatment of ischemic renal disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiac arrest, and of organs preserved for transplantation.
Development of Materials for Energy-Related Applications

In this paper I will discuss several areas in energy systems where materials research and development will lead to improvements in the efficiency of energy utilization. I will consider improvements in current technology as well as new technologies.
An alternative approach for MLE calculation in nonlinear continuous dynamic systems

As an important metric to tell whether a nonlinear dynamic system has a singular attractor or divergent trajectory, the maximal Lyapunov exponent (MLE) can be calculated from either system models or time series of state variable measurement. However, in the real world, due to inaccurate models, measurement noise, and the fact that sometimes state variables cannot be measured directly, it is very difficult to get an accurate MLE, which limits its application in, for example, in prediction of a nonlinear physical system (e. g. power systems) behavior. To overcome these factors, this paper proposed a trajectory estimation-based MLE calculation approach. The proposed approach addressed how to calculate the MLE when state variables cannot be accessed directly, and uncertainties in system models, as well as noise in measurements. The simulation results show that the proposed approach is able to handle well the nonlinear measurement functions between state variables and measurements, and get better results than pure model-based approaches or measurement-based approaches in front of measurement noise and model uncertainties.
On hybrid temporal basis functions for stable numerical solution of time domain boundary integral equations

Problems in unsteady aerodynamics and aeroacoustics can sometimes be formulated as integral equations, such as the boundary integral equations. Numerical discretization of integral equations in the time domain often leads to so-called March-On-in-Time (MOT) schemes. In the literature, the temporal basis functions used in MOT schemes have been largely limited to low-order shifted Lagrange basis functions. In order to evaluate the accuracy and effectiveness of the temporal basis functions, a Fourier analysis of the temporal interpolation schemes is carried out. Based on the Fourier analysis, the spectral resolutions of various temporal basis functions are quantified. It is argued that hybrid temporal basis functions be used for interpolation of the numerical solution and its derivatives with respect to time. Stability of the proposed hybrid schemes is studied by a matrix eigenvalue method. Substantial improvement in accuracy and efficiency by using the hybrid temporal basis functions for time domain integral equations is demonstrated by numerical examples. Compared with the traditional temporal basis functions, the use of hybrid basis functions keeps numerical errors low for a larger frequency range given the same time step size. Conversely, for a given range of frequency of interest, a larger time step can be used with the hybrid temporal basis functions, resulting in an increase in computational efficiency and, at the same time, a reduction in memory requirement.
Experiential Learning Through the Use of Interaction and Multimedia in International Business Teaching

This study explores the effectiveness of experiential learning through the multi-phase use of classroom interaction, group collaboration, and video learning methods in an international business course at a US university. In the first phase, by using multimedia learning and British parliamentary-style debate, we provided learning contents for students to learn and practice. In the second phase, we redesigned the multimedia learning materials through Screencast, software that uses video screen capture, to improve the learning materials based on feedback from the first-phase learning. This research contributes to our understanding of how an experiential learning method could facilitate students in connecting conceptual understanding with integrated thinking and cultural intelligence through multimedia and interactive learning materials in an international business class.
Protective Effects of Controlled Mechanical Loading of Bone in C57BL6/J Mice Subject to Disuse.

Prolonged reduction in weightbearing causes bone loss. Disuse of bone is associated with recovery from common musculoskeletal injury and trauma, bed rest resulting from various medical conditions, and spaceflight. The hindlimb-suspension rodent model is popular for simulating unloading and disuse. We hypothesized that controlled mechanical loading of the tibia would protect against bone loss occurring from concurrent disuse. Additionally, we hypothesized that areas of high mechanical peak strains (midshaft) would provide more protection than areas of lower strain (distal shaft). Adult C57BL6/J mice were suspended for 3 weeks, with one limb subjected to tibial compression four times per week. μCT imaging was completed at days 0, 11, and 21, in addition to serum analysis. Significant bone loss caused by hindlimb suspension was detected in trabecular bone by day 11 and worsened by day 21 (p < 0.05). Bone loss was also detected in cortical thickness and area fraction by day 21. However, four short bouts per week of compressive loading protected the loaded limb from much of this bone loss. At day 21, we observed a 50% loss in trabecular bone volume/total volume and a 6% loss in midshaft cortical thickness in unloaded limbs, but only 15% and 2% corresponding losses in contralateral loaded limbs (p = 0.001 and p = 0.02). Many bone geometry parameters of the loaded limbs of suspended animals did not significantly differ from non-suspended control limbs. Conversely, this protective effect of loading was not detected in cortical bone at the lower-strained distal shaft. Analysis of bone metabolism markers suggested that the benefits of loading occurred through increased formation instead of decreased resorption. This study uniquely isolates the role of externally applied mechanical loading of the mouse tibia, in the absence of muscle stimulation, in protecting bone from concurrent disuse-related loss, and demonstrates that limited bouts of loading may be highly effective during prolonged disuse. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The Nativity Collection In The Marian Library

The Marian Library was founded in 1943 by the Society of Mary, the Catholic religious order which also founded the University of Dayton in 1850. Those two dates are significant because the library ...
Charge generation mechanism tuned: Via film morphology in small molecule bulk-heterojunction photovoltaic materials

Small organic molecules have emerged as promising component materials for organic photovoltaic devices. Compared to most conjugated polymers for the same application, small molecules have unique morphologies that promote electronic processes relevant to organic solar cell (OSC) function that can be significantly different from those of conjugated polymeric materials. Here we investigate constituent loading-dependent effects on OSC morphology and function using the classical fullerene acceptor, PC61BM, in a heterojunction blend with the small molecule donor, NDT (thiophene-capped diketopyrrolopyrrole naphthodithiophene). The evolution of active layer morphology as well as exciton speciation and dynamics as a function of the PC61BM content are examined in combined structural studies using GIWAXS and spectroscopic studies using transient absorption spectroscopy. We observe evidence for three types of coexisting excitons and details of the interplay between them determines the yield of charge separated states that afford sustained device efficiency.
Retrieval of distally migrated coil using stent retriever and proximal aspiration.

Endovascular coiling has become the preferred treatment of many centers for the management of both ruptured and unruptured aneurysms. Coil migration is a rare complication that can lead to vessel occlusion in 90% of the cases. Endovascular techniques for coil retrieval have shown less complication rates than open surgery. Stent retriever devices have been successfully used for the retrieval of proximally migrated coils, however, distally migrated coils still represent a challenge with greater risk of complications. In the present technical video 1, we demonstrate the successful retrieval of a distally M3 migrated coil using a 3 mm Trevo XP ProVue stent riever (Stryker Neurovascular, Fremont, CA, USA) in combination with proximal aspiration.
PV Array IV Curves: Why We See Them The Way We Do?

This paper presents the principles behind the formation of current vs. voltage (IV) curves of a solar photovoltaic (PV) array. More than that, the inherent relationship existing between the strings of the PV array and rows of its IV curve is revealed. Explaining why IV curves always subscribe to a ‘staircase’ shape forms the dominant part of this paper. The findings going to help the PV instructors and teachers explain the IV curves in a better way, and PV analysts now can visualize them better than before. More importantly, findings are presented using graphical illustrations and plots. Hence, laborers, beginners and people with no mathematical background would understand the same way the people already working in the PV.
Demographic, Attitudinal, and Social Factors That Predict Pro-Environmental Behavior

Anthropogenic climate change currently threatens existing systems of human societies, and psychology has a significant role in exploring and untangling the predictors of sustainable behaviors and e...
Renal function during antihypertensive treatment.

Abstract To determine the association of renal function and the course of blood pressure in antihypertensive therapy, we studied the changes in serum creatinine as a measure of renal function and in-treatment blood pressure in black and white hypertensive patients. We measured serum creatinine in 2125 mild and moderately hypertensive men during treatment over an average of 5 years. Both unadjusted mean initial and final serum creatinine of 758 blacks (113 and 117 μmol/L respectively) were significantly higher than those of 1367 whites (108 and 107 μmol/L), with a small increase of 4 μmol/L (p 0·05) for whites. Less than 2% of all patients attained or remained at a final serum creatinine of 177 μmol/L or more. Of this small group (3% blacks, 1·4% whites), 31% had proteinuria at entry. After stratification by in-treatment diastolic blood pressure (