cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Collaboration visualization on large dataset for protein-protein interaction network

The accumulation of huge amount of biology data and their heterogeneity has become a bottleneck in the analysis of protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, especially in the visualization of PPI networks. Because the format of the data generated from different experimental groups is diverse, and the databases for the storage and management of the data are different, network visualization of the heterogeneous data by integrating different derived data is challenging and is a key to comprehensively understanding the mechanism of biology system. To visualize the interactions of proteins, we first utilize the robot crawl technique to dynamically integrate the information of protein-protein interactions from all the related public databases such as Protein Interaction Database (PID), Human Protein Reference Database (HPRD) and Reactome. Second, we use a graph algorithm to partition the complex network into different sub-networks to discover the ‘Hub’ proteins in the visualization protein-protein networks. Finally, we develop a protocol for the collaboration of different researchers based on the visualization of the PPI networks.
The stereographic projection with primitive radius of 50 centimeters

Joseph F. Cohalan, S.J., formerly at Georgetown University and now at Woodstock College, Maryland, in his master's dissertation entitled “The seismologist's problem and the method of Saint Hilaire,” studied the question of securing a more open scale for the graphical determination of epicenters from reported epicentral distances. He found that the use of navigator's plotting charts was not practical, but that a stereographlc projection with a primitive radius of 50 cm was very promising. This allows 4.4 mm for a degree at the center of the map, and an area 40° each way in latitude and longitude can be constructed on an ordinary typewriting sheet. Throughout this area 1/64 inch = 10 km.
Distribution of the perforant path following selective elimination of granule cells

Abstract X-irradiation of the developing hippocampus of the rat causes partial elimination of the dentate granule cells and results in an alteration in the afferent topogrophy found in this region. With the loss of their normal targets the axons and terminals of the perforant path, major input to the dentate gyrus, hypertrophy by 50% in regio superior pyramidal cell fields. Commissural and associational inputs to this region are concomitantly reduced. This observation is interpreted to support the hypothesis that afferent topography in the hippocampus is the result of competitive interactions between developing fiber systems.
Enhancing Workshop Safety: Learning From Colleagues' Adverse Experiences (Part II—Structure/Policy)

Findings summarized in Part I demonstrated that more adverse events occur during hypnosis workshops than had been previously appreciated. 93% went unnoticed and unreported during those workshops. Shortcomings in dehypnosis/realerting preceded most adverse events. Recommendations prioritized detecting, minimizing, preventing, and correcting those failures of alerting and dehypnosis. Part II proposes 13 additional protective measures, including curtailing common but potentially problematic practices. Further protective measures are proposed to monitor the effectiveness of participants' dehypnosis; oversee what transpires in experiential workshops; help faculty members become aware of the areas in which their skills require improvement; establish policies to delineate the range of issues acceptable to address in demonstrations; and clarify procedures for dealing with problematic faculty and adverse events in workshops.
Correlation effects in the NiS2-xSex system

Abstract Electrical and selected spectroscopic measurements on single crystal NiS 2− x Se x (0≤ x ≤0.71) samples are interpreted in terms of a qualitative band structure scheme that resolves several unusual experimental observations. The guiding principle is that the degree of electron correlation can be controlled by varying the degree of substitution of Se for S.
An alternative proof of a theorem of Iwasawa on free groups

The following well-known theorem has been proved by Iwasawa(1) and can also be deduced without much difficulty from earlier work of Levi(2), Magnus and Witt.
An algorithmic approach for static and dynamic gesture recognition utilising mechanical and biomechanical characteristics

We propose a novel approach for recognising static and dynamic hand gestures by analysing the raw data streams generated by the sensors attached to the human hands. We utilise the concept of 'range of motion' in the movement of fingers and exploit this characteristic to analyse the acquired data for recognising hand signs. Our approach for hand gesture recognition addresses two major problems: user-dependency and device-dependency. Furthermore, we show that our approach neither requires calibration nor involves training. We apply our approach for recognising American Sign Language (ASL) signs and show that more than 75% accuracy in sign recognition can be achieved.
Impact of methodological variables on functional connectivity findings in autism spectrum disorders

Growing evidence suggests that Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) involves abnormalities of multiple functional networks. Neuroimaging studies of ASD have therefore increasingly focused on con- nectivity. Many functional connectivity (fcMRI) studies have reported network underconnectivity in chil- dren and adults with ASD. However, there are notable inconsistencies, with some studies reporting overconnectivity. A previous literature survey suggested that a few methodological factors play a crucial role in differential fcMRI outcomes. Using three ASD data sets (two task-related, one resting state) from 54 ASD and 51 typically developing (TD) participants (ages 9-18 years), we examined the impact of four methodological factors: type of pipeline (co-activation vs. intrinsic analysis, related to temporal filtering and removal of task-related effects), seed selection, field of view (whole brain vs. limited ROIs), and dataset. Significant effects were found for type of pipeline, field of view, and dataset. Notably, for each dataset results ranging from robust underconnectivity to robust overconnectivity were detected, depend- ing on the type of pipeline, with intrinsic fcMRI analyses (low bandpass filter and task regressor) pre- dominantly yielding overconnectivity in ASD, but co-activation analyses (no low bandpass filter or task removal) mostly generating underconnectivity findings. These results suggest that methodological varia- bles have dramatic impact on group differences reported in fcMRI studies. Improved awareness of their implications appears indispensible in fcMRI studies when inferences about "underconnectivity" or "overconnectivity" in ASD are made. In the absence of a gold standard for functional connectivity, the combination of different methodological approaches promises a more comprehensive understanding of
Mixing enhancement in 2D magnetohydrodynamic channel flow by extremum seeking boundary control

The interaction between electrically conducting fluids and magnetic fields in channel flows generates significant magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) effects, which often result in the need of higher pressure gradients to drive the fluid and lower heat transfer rates due to the laminarization of the flow. Active boundary control, either open-loop or closed-loop, can be employed to overcome this limitation. Open-loop controllers are in general more sensitive to uncertainties of the system, which may result in a poorer performance. Extremum seeking is a powerful tool to tune in real time open-loop controllers, incorporating certain degree of feedback into the control scheme. In this work we combine extremum seeking with a fixed-structure open-loop controller with the ultimate goal of enhancing mixing in a 2D MHD channel by boundary actuation. We show that by carefully tuning the extremum seeking controller the modified open-loop control scheme can be as effective as previously proposed closed-loop control schemes.
ORGANIZATION OF AMNIOCENTESIS FOR ANTENATAL GENETIC DIAGNOSIS

In spite of the rapid development of amniocentesis for genetic diagnosis, it is still only a small fraction of the mothers at risk who are having the procedure performed. The medical and public health problems associated with genetic amniocentesis are discussed on the basis of the experience gathered in a major medical center.
Correlation between Active Center Structure and Enhanced Dioxygen Binding in Co(salen) Nanoparticles: Characterization by In Situ Infrared, Raman, and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopies

The structure and ligand environment of Co(salen) nanoparticles and unprocessed Co(salen) have been determined by the combined application of infrared, Raman, X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopies, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments before and during interaction with O2. The Co(salen) nanoparticles were prepared by the precipitation with compressed antisolvent (PCA) technique using commercially obtained Co(salen) [denoted as unprocessed Co(salen)] as the parent compound. The unprocessed Co(salen) particles exist as dimer species with a square-pyramidal coordination geometry that display no measurable O2 binding at room temperature. In sharp contrast, the Co(salen) nanoparticles show near-stoichiometric O2 adsorption, as demonstrated by microbalance gas binding experiments. The spectroscopy results indicate the presence of CoII centers with distorted tetrahedral geometry in the Co(salen) nanoparticles with no evidence of metal...
Assisted reproduction for managing and conserving threatened felids

If used appropriately, assisted reproduction, including artificial insemination (AI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), embryo transfer and cryopreservation, has an application for the management and conservation of felids. It is possible that in the future assisted reproduction will enable the movement of genetic material, rather than living animals, between geographically disparate populations. These techniques can also be used to breed sexually incompatible individuals. The cryopreservation of gametes and embryos allows the long-term storage and protection of existing genetic diversity and provides ‘insurance’ against epidemics and natural disasters. Combined with AI or IVF, cryopreserved gametes and embryos could be used to infuse captive populations with new genetic material without having to take more felids from the wild to support captive-breeding programmes. Because cats are susceptible to certain infectious viruses, assisted reproduction may be one of the few means of breeding some genetically important individuals using washed and pathogen-free gametes. Although having many practical advantages, the greatest value of these techniques is for developing a database of the basic reproductive biology that is inherent to each species. Only after this information is known can assisted reproduction be used as a management and conservation tool. In the past 15 years immense progress has been made and there is much information now available on the reproductive physiology of many cat species. For some, such as the Cheetah Acinonyx jubatus, this database has allowed offspring to be produced repeatedly using AI. This article provides an overview of some of the species-specific breeding traits that have been discovered while developing assisted reproduction techniques for felids and how this new knowledge can be applied to improve breeding and management.
CT and MR arthrograms demonstrate a consistent communication between the tibiofemoral and superior tibiofibular joints

Communications between the tibiofemoral and superior tibiofibular joints (STFJ) have been thought to be infrequent. Previous anatomic studies have revealed these in only 10–64% of cases. In this study, the authors reviewed the results of direct knee arthrography performed in 17 consecutive patients from January 2010 to July 2011 with various knee or STFJ-related pathologies. In all 17 consecutive cases, the authors demonstrated evidence of knee and STFJ communications. The authors believe that high-resolution imaging arthrography, especially with physiological loading and delayed imaging, can demonstrate these communications more consistently than unenhanced anatomic studies. Clin. Anat. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Shrinking-release window movie releases: potential impacts on best business practices

As the movie studios have seen a significant increase in the sale of DVDs, then falling as the entertainment consumer public are moving towards movie rentals, the surge of mass-popularity with digitally enhanced entertainment has some analysts speculating that poor service, promotion, and higher costs of theatre tickets and food are at least partially to blame as customers seek lower-cost alternatives to the traditional movie experience. Through industrial statistics, business literature review and a pilot study, the service and operational characteristics of short-term profits seem to be winning over longer-term strategic positioning in the movie industry.
What Makes Someone a Cyber Balkan? Finding the Linkages Between Social Psychology and Self-Selectivity in U.S. Politics Online

Although the expansion of the Internet has impacted political discourse in the United States and elsewhere, it is unclear whether these changes will have a predominantly positive or negative effect on public discourse. It is found here that the offline environments and the idiosyncratic characteristics of politically interested Internet users in the United States led to differing patterns of self-selective information exposure for both liberals and conservatives. An online survey with 624 respondents showed that high levels of dogmatism and shared family views predict high cyber balkanization for conservatives. However, the opposite was true of liberals, as the highest levels of cyber balkanization were found for those with low levels of dogmatism and a perception that their family members did not share their political values.
Painterly rendering for video and interaction

We present new methods for painterly video processing. Based on our earlier still image processing technique, we “paint over” successive frames of animation, applying paint only in regions where the source video is changing. Image regions with minimal changes, such as due to video noise, are also left alone, using a simple difference masking technique. Optionally, brush strokes may be warped between frames using computed or procedural optical flow. These methods produce video with a novel visual style distinct from previously demonstrated algorithms. Without optical flow, the video gives the effect of a painting that has been repeatedly updated and photographed, similar to painton-glass animation. We feel that this gives a subjective impression of the work of a human hand. With optical flow, the painting surface flows and deforms to follow the shape of the world. We have constructed an interactive painting exhibit, in which a painting is continually updated. Viewers have found this to be a compelling experience, suggesting the promise of non-photorealistic rendering for creating compelling interactive visual experiences.
Alcohol Schema Acquisition in Preschoolers: Differences Between Children of Alcoholics and Children of Nonalcoholics

Cognitive schemas provide the structure within which children organize their knowledge and beliefs about the use of alcohol. The development of schemas about alcohol should be affected both by age and parental patterns of alcohol use. We examined differences in alcohol schema development among 139 male children of alcoholics (COAs) and 82 controls [children of nonalcoholics (NCOAs)] utilizing the Appropriate Beverage Task as an indicator of these processes. Overall, the vast majority of the sample identified at least one alcoholic beverage from photographs, even at age 3. COAs were more likely to identify at least one alcoholic beverage. With age controlled, COAs were better able to identify specific alcoholic beverages and correctly identified a larger number of alcoholic beverages. There was a trend for these children of alcoholic men to attribute more alcoholic beverage use to male adults than NCOAs. Moreover, differences in these children's attributions of alcoholic consummatory behavior were predicted by their parents' current consumption levels. Results provide evidence that alcohol schemas are detectable in early childhood and are more common in children from alcoholic homes. Discussion focuses on the potential relevance of these risk attributes to the development of more fully formed alcohol expectancies and to the later emergence of alcohol-related difficulty.
Geometrical edgeactants control interfacial bending rigidity of colloidal membranes

A colloidal membrane is a one rod-length thick monolayer of aligned rods which spontaneously assembles in a mixture of rod-like viruses and non-adsorbing polymer. The complex structure of the monolayer edge modifies its fluctuations, effectively smoothing out the interface. We demonstrate that long filaments such as F-actin or flagella preferentially dissolve in the membrane's edge and can be used to control its interfacial properties. This effect is not driven by energetic interactions, but is rather a direct consequence of the intrinsic geometry of the constituent particles; hence we call such filaments geometrical edgeactants. Using optical manipulation techniques we adsorb individual filaments onto the edge of the colloidal membrane and measure their influence on the edge fluctuations. Edgeactants stiffen the interface, increasing its bending rigidity by up to an order of magnitude. Furthermore, they also locally suppress a polymorphic transition into twisted ribbons inherent to colloidal membranes. These results demonstrate new ways to control soft materials in which the final structure is only determined by the geometry of the constituent objects.
Do Children's Career Aspirations Predict Adult Occupations? An Answer from a Secondary Analysis of a Longitudinal Study

A secondary analysis of 271 students aged 6 to 17 years from the Terman (1926) longitudinal study of gifted children showed a strong concordance rate between childhood career aspirations and early adult attainment, particularly in scientific, artistic, helping, and skilled trade professions.
Cyanidiales diversity in Yellowstone National Park.

The Cyanidiales are unicellular red algae that are unique among phototrophs. They thrive in acidic, moderately high-temperature habitats typically associated with geothermally active regions, although much remains to be learned about their distribution and diversity within such extreme environments. We focused on Yellowstone National Park (YNP), using culture-dependent efforts in combination with a park-wide environmental polymerase chain reaction (PCR) survey to examine Cyanidiales diversity and distribution in aqueous (i.e. submerged), soil and endolithic environments. Phylogenetic reconstruction of Cyanidiales biodiversity demonstrated the presence of Cyanidioschyzon and Galdieria lineages exhibiting distinct habitat preferences. Cyanidioschyzon was the only phylotype detected in aqueous environments, but was also prominent in moist soil and endolithic habitats, environments where this genus was thought to be scarce. Galdieria was found in soil and endolithic samples, but absent in aqueous habitats. Interestingly, Cyanidium could not be found in the surveys, suggesting this genus may be absent or rare in YNP. Direct microscopic counts and viable counts from soil samples collected along a moisture gradient were positively correlated with moisture content, providing the first in situ evidence that gravimetric moisture is an important environmental parameter controlling distribution of these algae. Significance and Impact of the Study The Cyanidiales are an order of unicellular eukaryotic algae that thrive in acidic geothermal environments. In this study, we report several novel observations relative to Cyanidiales ecology in Yellowstone National Park, including the following: (i) the identification of two phylogenetic lineages of Cyanidiales: Cyanidioschyzon and Galdieria; (ii) the absence of Galdieria in aquatic environments; (iii) the absence of Cyanidium and Galdieria phlegrea in prime Cyanidiales habitats; (iv) the cohabitation of Cyanidioschyzon and Galdieria in nonaqueous environments; and (v) the first in situ evidence regarding the relationship between soil moisture and Cyanidiales habitat preference and viability
A novel constraint length 13 Viterbi decoder based on the iterative collapse algorithm

The system tradeoff issues of the VLSI design of a single chip constraint length 13 Viterbi decoder (VD) are addressed. All aspects of the design from the feasibility study down to the architecture of the add-compare-select (ACS) units are covered. The unifying thread that guides the development of the design is the iterative collapse algorithm (ICA) for partitioning the trellis diagram in a hierarchical fashion leadin to many diverse topologies for the VD, providing optimal tradeoffs between complexity and throughput. The development breaks down the natural boundaries of architectural tradeoffs and feasibility, memory management, design of the ACS units, and pipelining. >
Buprenorphine and addiction: challenges for the pharmacist.

Objective To present an analysis of the Drug Addiction Treatment Act of 2000 (DATA) and its impact on the practice of pharmacy. Data Sources Statutes, codes, regulations, newspaper articles, journal articles; search of articles posted on MEDLINE identified using the search terms methadone, buprenorphine, treatment, opioid abuse, and opioid addiction. Study Selection Not applicable. Data Extraction Not applicable. Data Synthesis DATA and Food and Drug Administration approval of sublingual tablets of buprenorphine and buprenorphine with naloxone (Reckitt and Benckiser) will dramatically expand opioid addicts' access to treatment and increase the number of opioid addicts receiving prescriptions for buprenorphine and buprenorphine with naloxone. The availability of buprenorphine will pose unique challenges to pharmacists and suggests the need for education on addiction and greater awareness of the unique needs of patients recovering from addiction. Conclusion The stage is being set to expand access to treatment and reach more untreated opioid addicts in the United States. Professional organizations such as the American Pharmaceutical Association should work with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and its Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration to develop training materials, curricula, and guidelines for pharmacists on substance abuse with a special focus on outpatient opioid treatment. Such materials could be used in continuing education programs and materials and in pharmacy schools.
Synaptic Dysfunction in Depression: Potential Therapeutic Targets

Basic and clinical studies demonstrate that depression is associated with reduced size of brain regions that regulate mood and cognition, including the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus, and decreased neuronal synapses in these areas. Antidepressants can block or reverse these neuronal deficits, although typical antidepressants have limited efficacy and delayed response times of weeks to months. A notable recent discovery shows that ketamine, a N -methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist, produces rapid (within hours) antidepressant responses in patients who are resistant to typical antidepressants. Basic studies show that ketamine rapidly induces synaptogenesis and reverses the synaptic deficits caused by chronic stress. These findings highlight the central importance of homeostatic control of mood circuit connections and form the basis of a synaptogenic hypothesis of depression and treatment response.
Cooperative location-sensing for wireless networks

We present the cooperative location-sensing system (CLS), an adaptive location-sensing system that enables devices to estimate their position in a self-organizing manner without the need for an extensive infrastructure or training. Hosts cooperate and share positioning information. CLS uses a grid representation that allows an easy incorporation of external information to improve the accuracy of the position estimation. We evaluated the performance of CLS via simulation and investigated the impact of the density of landmarks, degree of connectivity, range error, and grid resolution on the accuracy. We found that the average error is less than 2% of the transmission range, when used in a terrain with 20% of the hosts to be landmarks, average network connectivity above 7, and distance estimation error equal to 5% of the transmission range.
DREADDs in Drosophila: A Pharmacogenetic Approach for Controlling Behavior, Neuronal Signaling, and Physiology in the Fly

We have translated a powerful genetic tool, designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs), from mammalian systems to Drosophila melanogaster to selectively, rapidly, reversibly, and dose-dependently control behaviors and physiological processes in the fly. DREADDs are muscarinic acetylcholine G protein-coupled receptors evolved for loss of affinity to acetylcholine and for the ability to be fully activated by an otherwise biologically inert chemical, clozapine-N-oxide. We demonstrate its ability to control a variety of behaviors and processes in larvae and adults, including heart rate, sensory processing, diurnal behavior, learning and memory, and courtship. The advantages of this particular technology include the dose-responsive control of behaviors, the lack of a need for specialized equipment, and the capacity to remotely control signaling in essentially all neuronal and nonneuronal fly tissues.
IACUC considerations specific to the use of animal models in studies on the neurobiology of addictive behaviors.

The review articles in this issue describe animal models (predominantly rodents) that have contributed to monumental progress and advancement of knowledge in the fi eld of addictive and neurobiological behavior research (ANBR 1 ). This article provides brief guidance to institutional animal care and use committee (IACUC) members for their review of ANBR protocols involving animal models, with an emphasis on rodent models. In addition to the 2011 Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (NRC 2011; the Guide), researchers and IACUC members must ensure compliance with the requirements of the Public Health Service Policy (implemented under the NIH Offi ce of Laboratory Animal Welfare), the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal Welfare Act, and the Association for the Accreditation and Advancement of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC) International.
Synthesis of Uridine 5′‐[2‐S‐Pyridyl‐3‐thio‐α‐d‐galactopyranosyl Diphosphate]: Precursors of UDP‐Thiogal Sugar Nucleotide Donor Substrate for β‐1,4‐Galactosyltransferase

The syntheses of a novel uridine diphosphate galactose (UDP‐Gal) analog, (UDP‐2,4,6‐tri‐O‐acetyl‐3‐S‐acetyl‐3‐thio‐α‐d‐galactopyranose) (11) and the thiolpyridine protected (Uridine 5′‐[3‐S‐(2‐S‐pyridyl)‐3‐thio‐α‐d‐galactopyranosyl diphosphate) analog (12) are described. The reported synthesis relies on the novel use of thiolpyridine to generate 12 which is a suitably protected intermediate for generating a UDP‐thioGal derivative by reduction prior to enzyme transfer via β‐1,4‐galactosyltransferase. †In honor and celebration of the 70th birthday of Professor Leroy B. Townsend.
What’s Harder: Seeing a Doctor or Reducing Readmissions?∗

As our nation increasingly emphasizes value-based health care, reducing hospital readmissions has become a central target for policy makers and health care systems. In 2008 and 2009, analyses of Medicare claims data highlighted the scope of the problem: nearly 1 in 5 Medicare beneficiaries were
The Influence of Culture on Cognitive Processes

Publisher Summary Culture has been defined in various ways throughout history. The most useful definition of culture was proposed by Edward Burnett Tylor in his work, Primitive Culture, published in 1871. Tylor defined culture as “that complex whole that includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.” In contrast, Ruth Fulton Benedict, in her work Patterns of Culture, emphasized the differences between cultural traditions and the effects of cultures on the individuals experiencing them. Since the late 1800's, several researchers have tried to identify and describe the link between culture and cognition by examining the results of cross-cultural studies. Although all of these works describe the relationship between cultural variables and cognitive processes, they typically review ethnographic and observational studies conducted from an anthropological perspective. Very few books, with the exception of Segall et al., contain comprehensive, theoretical reviews of the literature from the perspective of cognitive, experimental psychology. All of the existing volumes are also permitted in scope, typically focusing on issues relating to problem solving, memory, and cognitive development. The present chapter is an attempt at filling this void by organizing a set of current readings in anthropology, cognitive psychology, cross-cultural psychology, and linguistics that are empirical in nature.
Carrier Pocket Engineering for the Design of Low Dimensional Thermoelectrics with High Z3DT

The concept of carrier pocket engineering applied to Si/Ge superlattices is tested experimentally. A set of strain-symmetrized Si(20A)/Ge(20A) superlattice samples were grown by MBE and the Seebeck coefficient S, electrical conductivity σ, and Hall coefficient were measured in the temperature range between 4K and 400K for these samples. The experimental results are in good agreement with the carrier pocket engineering model for temperatures below 300K. The thermoelectric figure of merit for the entire superlattice, Z3DT, is estimated from the measured S and σ, and using an estimated value for the thermal conductivity of the superlattice. Based on the measurements of these homogeneously doped samples and on model calculations, including the detailed scattering mechanisms of the samples, projections are made for δ-doped and modulation-doped samples [(001) oriented Si(20A)/Ge(20A) superlattices] to yield Z3DT ≈ 0.49 at 300K.
Towards a Theory of Experimentation for Expected Improvement

This paper concerns the role of experimentation in engineering design, especially the process of making improvements through parameter design. A simple mathematical model is proposed for studying experimentation including a model of adaptive one-factor-at-a-time experimentation. Theorems are proven concerning the expected value of the improvement provided by adaptive experimentation. Theorems are also proven regarding the probability that factor effects will be exploited by the process. The results suggest that adaptive one-factor-at-a-time plans tend to exploit two-factor interactions when they are large or otherwise exploit main effects if interactions are small. As a result, the adaptive process provides around 80% of the improvements achievable via parameter design while exploring a small fraction of the design alternatives (less than 20% if the system has more than five variables).Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Humanitarian spectacles from below: A study of social connections in unsettled contexts

Humanitarian actors struggle to protect refugees from the violence of war, but critics argue that they often succeed in nothing more than segregating the displaced and turning their hardships into ...
Comparison of Three Double Layer Conductivity Models for Shaly Sands

In this paper a complete theoretical comparison is done on double layer conductance mechanism.The result shows that the theory of the S-B model is best,although the D-W model is very good.An experimental comparison is done on the accuracy of the three conductivity models.Measured core conductivities are used from three sets of shaly sand cores saturated with formation water of different salinities and measured water saturations are also used from one set of shaly sand cores.The results show that the error between measured values and values predicted by the S-B model is the minimum,the error from the D-W model and W-SI model is a bit larger than that from the S-B model,and the error from the W-SⅡ model is the largest.Through theoretical and experimental studies,the S-B model is the best model in use.Also the effects of variable m and n on applications in the three models are studied.Different results are obtained from the three different models when m equals n.When n is fixed and m is changed,the results from the three models are similar,but large differences occur when m is fixed and n is changed.
Modelling the Economy as an Evolving Space of Flows

The spatial economy has increasingly come to be viewed, in the felicitous phrase of Manuel Castells (2000), as a space of flows. The mental picture we have of this economy is a motion picture, not a still shot. Moving along the links of various networks are ever greater quantities of people, goods, material, money, and information. Settlements, in turn, appear as increasingly interdependent nodes through which these vast quantities pass. The acceleration of flows through space can be accounted for largely by technological advances in communication and transportation and the emergence of far-flung value chains, which are driven by economizing behaviour, and abetted by increasingly liberal trade agreements and industrial deregulation (Wolf 2004).
Role of chemically and thermally induced crystal lattice distortion in enhancing the Seebeck coefficient in complex tellurides

Composition and crystal structure of complex materials can significantly change the Seebeck effect, i.e., heat to electrical energy conversion, which is utilized in thermoelectric materials. Despite decades of studies of various thermoelectric materials and their application, the fundamental understanding of this effect still is limited. One of the most efficient groups of thermoelectric materials is based on GeTe, where Ge is replaced by [Ag + Sb], i.e., AgxSbxGe50−2xTe50 alloys, traditionally shown as (GeTe)m(AgSbTe2)100−m (TAGS-m series). Here we report on the discovery of two unique phenomena in TAGS materials attributed to the effects from [Ag + Sb] atoms: (i) a linear relation between the Seebeck coefficient and rhombohedral lattice distortion, and (ii) resonance-like temperature-induced behavior of the contribution to the Seebeck coefficient produced by [Ag + Sb] atoms. Our findings show that heat to electrical energy conversion strongly depends on the temperature- and compositionally-induced rhombohedral to cubic transformation where [Ag + Sb] atoms play a crucial mediating role.
Sawayaka, Tasty, I Feel Coke!: Using the Graphic and Pictorial Image to Explore Japan‘s “Empire of Signs”

AbstractThis paper examines the extensive use of English borrowings and graphic images that dominate the visual world of Japan. It argues that these English signs (both visual and linguistic) are not mere imitations of the West, nor are they a kind of language pollution. Instead, they represent a highly creative use of visible language, both as a linguistic and artistic form of communication. English and English orthography has become incorporated into the Japanese symbolic vocabulary, just as Chinese writing was brought in over a thousand years ago. English represents one more semiotic resource available to Japanese people, and the high degree of visual literacy and sophistication of the average Japanese is due no doubt, in large part, to this blending of several languages and orthographies.
On the importance of stratigraphic control for vertebrate fossil sites in Channel Islands National Park, California, USA: Examples from new Mammuthus finds on San Miguel Island

Abstract Quaternary vertebrate fossils, most notably mammoth remains, are relatively common on the northern Channel Islands of California. Well-preserved cranial, dental, and appendicular elements of Mammuthus exilis (pygmy mammoth) and Mammuthus columbi (Columbian mammoth) have been recovered from hundreds of localities on the islands during the past half-century or more. Despite this paleontological wealth, the geologic context of the fossils is described in the published literature only briefly or not at all, which has hampered the interpretation of associated 14 C ages and reconstruction of past environmental conditions. We recently discovered a partial tusk, several large bones, and a tooth enamel plate (all likely mammoth) at two sites on the northwest flank of San Miguel Island, California. At both localities, we documented the stratigraphic context of the fossils, described the host sediments in detail, and collected charcoal and terrestrial gastropod shells for radiocarbon dating. The resulting 14 C ages indicate that the mammoths were present on San Miguel Island between ∼20 and 17 ka as well as between ∼14 and 13 ka (thousands of calibrated 14 C years before present), similar to other mammoth sites on San Miguel, Santa Cruz, and Santa Rosa Islands. In addition to documenting the geologic context and ages of the fossils, we present a series of protocols for documenting and reporting geologic and stratigraphic information at fossil sites on the California Channel Islands in general, and in Channel Islands National Park in particular, so that pertinent information is collected prior to excavation of vertebrate materials, thus maximizing their scientific value.
Pioneers in Social Work Practice with the Addictions: An Interview with Diana DiNitto, PhD

Dr. Diana DiNitto is a Distinguished Teaching Professor and Cullen Trust Centennial Professor in Alcohol Studies and Education at the School of Social Work at the University of Texas, Austin (UT Au...
The Relationship of School-Based Parental Involvement with Student Achievement: A Comparison of Principal and Parent Survey Reports from PISA 2012.

This paper explores parental involvement using principal and parent survey reports to examine whether parents’ involvement in their children’s schools predicts academic achievement. Survey data fro...
Moduli Spaces of Stable Polygons and Symplectic Structures on $$\overline {\mathcal{M}} _{0,n} $$

In this paper, certain natural and elementary polygonal objects in Euclidean space, the stable polygons, are introduced, and the novel moduli spaces\(\mathfrak{M}_{{\text{r,}}\varepsilon } \) of stable polygons are constructed as complex analytic spaces. Quite unexpectedly, these new moduli spaces are shown to be projective and isomorphic to the moduli space \(\overline {\mathcal{M}} _{0,n} \) of the Deligne–Mumford stable curves of genus 0. Further, built into the structures of stable polygons are some natural data giving rise to a family of (classes of) symplectic (Kahler) forms. This, via the link to \(\overline {\mathcal{M}} _{0,n} \), brings up a new tool to study the Kahler topology of\(\overline {\mathcal{M}} _{0,n} \). A wild but precise conjecture on the shape of the Kahler cone of \(\overline {\mathcal{M}} _{0,n} \) is given in the end.
Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among Reproductive-Aged Women and Children in the United States, 2006 to 2014

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a critical public health threat to young U.S. adults who use drugs. Using 2 large databases, the authors estimated the number of U.S. women of reproductive age ...
Kinematic wave models of sag and tunnel bottlenecks

Abstract Sags and tunnels are critical traffic bottlenecks, as they can cause capacity reduction, capacity drop, and extreme low acceleration rates when vehicles accelerate away from the upstream queue. In this paper, we present a behavioral kinematic wave model to explain the three bottleneck effects of sags and tunnels. Assuming increasing time gaps, we derive location-dependent triangular fundamental diagrams to explain the capacity reduction effect; with a bounded acceleration constraint on the stationary states inside the capacity reduction zone, we demonstrate the occurrence of capacity drop and derive a formula to calculate the dropped capacity from the fundamental diagram, road geometry, and acceleration process; from the structure of continuous standing waves we verify the low acceleration rate out of the upstream queue. We also present a simplified phenomenological model of capacity drop at sag/tunnel bottlenecks and two Cell Transmission Models for numerical simulations. With four stationary trajectories at the Kobotoke tunnel in Japan, we calibrate and validate the behavioral model and find that the theoretical predictions match the observations very well. This study can help to develop better design and control strategies to improve the performance of a sag or tunnel bottleneck.
Exploring the role of negative cognitions in the relationship between ethnicity, sleep and pain in women with temporomandibular joint disorder

Negative cognitions are central to the perpetuation of chronic pain and sleep disturbances. Patients with temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD), a chronic pain condition characterized by pain and limitation in the jaw area, have a high comorbidity of sleep disturbances that possibly exacerbate their condition. Ethnic group differences are documented in pain, sleep, and coping, yet the mechanisms driving these differences are still unclear, especially in clinical pain populations. We recruited 156 women (79% white, 21% African American) diagnosed with TMJD as part of a randomized, controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of interventions targeting sleep and pain catastrophizing on pain in TMJD. Analysis of baseline data demonstrated that, relative to white participants, African Americans exhibited higher levels of clinical pain, insomnia severity, and pain catastrophizing, yet there was no ethnic group difference in negative sleep-related cognitions. Mediation models revealed pain catastrophizing, but not sleep-related cognitions or insomnia severity, to be a significant single mediator of the relationship between ethnicity and clinical pain. Only the helplessness component of catastrophizing together with insomnia severity sequentially mediated the ethnicity-pain relationship. These findings identify pain catastrophizing as a potentially important link between ethnicity and clinical pain and suggest that interventions targeting pain-related helplessness could improve both sleep and pain, especially for African American patients. Perspective:Pain-related helplessness and insomnia severity contribute to ethnic differences found in clinical pain among woman with TMJD. Findings can potentially inform interventions that target insomnia and catastrophizing to assist in reducing ethnic disparities in clinical pain.
A cardinality solver: more expressive constraints for free

Despite the semantic simplicity of cardinality constraints, the CNF encodings typically used to solve them invariably turn one constraint into a large number of CNF clauses and/or auxiliary variables. This incurs a significant cost, both in space complexity and in runtime, that could be avoided by reasoning about cardinality constraints directly within a solver. Adding a single, native cardinality constraint instead of numerous clauses and/or auxiliary variables avoids any space overhead and simplifies the solver's procedures for reasoning about that constraint. Inspired by the simple observation that clauses are cardinality constraints themselves, and thus cardinality constraints generalize clauses, this work seeks to answer the question: How much of the research on developing efficient CNF SAT solvers can be applied to solving cardinality constraints?
Explicit Knowledge and Second Language Pedagogy

The terms implicit and explicit knowledge refer respectively to ‘knowledge of language’ and’ knowledge about language’. It is important to distinguish implicit/explicit learning and implicit/explicit knowledge; the latter refers to a product — the knowledge that exists in the mind of the learner — whereas the former refers to a process — how L2 knowledge is internalized. There is considerable controversy surrounding the implicit/explicit learning distinction relating to the problem of ‘consciousness’ (see McLaughlin, 1990). Whereas it is difficult — perhaps impossible — to ascertain reliably whether a learning process takes place consciously or not, it is possible to determine whether learners’ knowledge of a grammatical structure is conscious or not by comparing what they say about it with what they actually do with it in spontaneous language use. The focus of this review is second language (L2) knowledge, not learning (see reviews in Volume 4).
Morphometric analysis of effects of angiotensin II on glomerular structure in rats.

Micropuncture and morphometric studies related the effects of angiotensin II (ANG II) on glomerular function and structure. Compared with control animals, rats receiving an intrarenal infusion of ANG II at 40 ng.kg-1.min-1 exhibited a marked reduction in the glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient (Kf) (0.84 +/- 0.13 vs. 1.43 +/- 0.05 microliters.s-1.mmHg-1, ANG II vs. control), which caused a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (1.04 +/- 0.11 vs. 1.27 +/- 0.11 ml/min) despite an increase in glomerular transcapillary hydraulic pressure difference (46 +/- 1 vs. 40 +/- 1 mmHg). Morphometric studies showed that these hemodynamic changes were not associated with any reduction in glomerular volume (1.27 +/- 0.05 vs. 1.31 +/- 0.07 x 10(6) microns3, ANG II vs. control), glomerular capillary volume (4.25 +/- 0.36 vs. 4.41 +/- 0.33 x 10(5) microns3), or glomerular peripheral capillary surface area (2.24 +/- 0.11 vs. 2.29 +/- 0.30 x 10(5) microns2). Higher-power electron micrographs showed that ANG II also did not alter mean foot process width (478 +/- 14 vs. 491 +/- 18 nm, ANG II vs. control), reduce the total filtration slit length overlying the peripheral capillary wall (7.0 +/- 0.6 vs. 6.6 +/- 0.5 x 10(5) microns), or reduce the average width of individual filtration slits (45 +/- 2 vs. 43 +/- 2 nm). ANG II infusion thus caused a 40% reduction in the value of Kf without causing detectable changes in epithelial cell or filtration slit structure.
Broadband Contiguous Multiplexer Design Using Wideband Pseudo-Highpass Channel Filters

A broadband contiguous multiplexer is introduced using octave-bandwidth pseudo-highpass filters. The proposed design minimizes the number of capacitors in the highpass channel filters, which minimizes total radiation loss from the capacitors. It enables single-layer fabrication such as microstrip line which facilitates size reduction using high dielectric constant substrate. A DC-18 GHz triplexer is fabricated on a microstrip substrate and measured to demonstrate multiplexer performance using the proposed pseudo-highpass filters, which has three channels at DC-6 GHz, 6–12 GHz, and 12–18 GHz bandwidth with the passband losses of less than 2dB.