cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The New Zealand Labor Party

The New Zealand Labor party came into being after years of indecision and disunity, and many false starts. The history of this movement lies outside the scope of this article, but a brief discussion of the basic cleavages which divided labor before 1916, and of the circumstances under which the party was organized, may help to clarify some of the points in the analysis of its present-day structure and problems which is attempted in the pages ahead. The geography and economy of New Zealand encouraged small, widely scattered productive units and decentralized unions relatively weak in bargaining power. The economy is dependent largely upon agriculture and the earlier industries were concerned chiefly with the processing of primary products such as butter, cheese, and meat. The thinly scattered population, the remoteness of the “four main centers” (Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, and Dunedin) and many of the provincial towns, the variations in conditions from locality to locality, and the absence of mass production industries discouraged the development of a cohesive labor movement ready to support its demands by unified industrial action. Among those groups of workers who were thrown together on the job, such as the “watersiders” (dockworkers) and the miners, there was greater solidarity than among others and these were more inclined to press their claims by direct action. The trades and labor councils that developed in the various centers and met in Dominion-wide annual congresses after 1891 were the stronghold of the more moderate unions. Periodically their tactics were challenged by the militant groups, and differences crystallized in the formation of rival organizations.
Impact of SNPs on CpG Islands in the MYC and HRAS oncogenes and in a wide variety of tumor suppressor genes: A multi-cancer approach

ABSTRACTSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that occur within CpG Islands may lead to increased hypermethylation if a SNP allele has the potential to form a CpG dinucleotide, as well as potentially lead to hypomethylation if a SNP allele eliminates a CpG dinucleotide. We analyzed CpG-related SNP allele frequencies in whole genome sequences (WGS) across 5 TCGA cancer datasets, thereby exploiting a more recent appreciation for signaling pathway degeneracy in cancer. The cancer data sets were analyzed for SNPs in CpG islands associated with the oncogenes, HRAS and MYC, and in the CpG islands associated with the tumor suppressor genes, APC, DCC, and RB1. We determined that one SNP allele (rs3824120) in a CpG island associated with MYC which eliminated a CpG was more common in the cancer datasets than in the 100Genomes databases (p < 0.01). For HRAS, 2 SNP alleles (rs112690925, rs7939028) that created CpG's occurred significantly less frequently in the cancer data sets than in the general SNP databases (e.g...
God Concept, God Image, and Religious Orientation in Same-Gender Attracted Christians:

Same-gender attracted Christians can arrive at very different conclusions as to how to live in congruence with their religious values. In an attempt to understand what might contribute to this diff...
Get Your Money for Nothing and Your Kicks for Free

Financial markets have become much more volatile of late because of one looming and growing factor — debt. More specifically, the debt that is used to finance Consumer-Investor securities purchases has created fantastic profits and spectacular failures. And the fantastic debt tapped by hedge funds, sometimes 30 times their own equity investment, ups the ante even more. This debt gone wrong taps into one of our most basic human instincts — the fear of loss.
Global justice and global realities

Should global political theory “get real,” focusing on real-world moral failures? I argue that, insofar as we think it important to reflect on global morality in a world of separate states, the answer is yes. In the article’s first stage, I set up the argument by suggesting that our only convincing reasons to reject the idea of a world state are non-ideal—these reasons concern failures to comply with moral duties, rather than ideal visions of a perfectly just world of full compliance. Therefore, any theory assuming a world of separate states must itself be a non-ideal theory focusing on compliance failures. In the article’s second stage, I contend that this necessary focus should lead global political theorists to make more use of social-scientific knowledge than they typically do, while recognizing the structural obstacles confronting global social science. In the article’s third stage, I indicate some under-studied normative implications of these obstacles, tying the debate on ideal and non-ideal global...
Secondhand smoke in the operating room? Precautionary practices lacking for surgical smoke

Background Consensus organizations, government bodies, and healthcare organization guidelines recommend that surgical smoke be evacuated at the source by local exhaust ventilation (LEV) (i.e., smoke evacuators or wall suctions with inline filters). Methods Data are from NIOSH's Health and Safety Practices Survey of Healthcare Workers module on precautionary practices for surgical smoke. Results Four thousand five hundred thirty-three survey respondents reported exposure to surgical smoke: 4,500 during electrosurgery; 1,392 during laser surgery procedures. Respondents were mainly nurses (56%) and anesthesiologists (21%). Only 14% of those exposed during electrosurgery reported LEV was always used during these procedures, while 47% reported use during laser surgery. Those reporting LEV was always used were also more likely to report training and employer standard procedures addressing the hazards of surgical smoke. Few respondents reported use of respiratory protection. Conclusions Study findings can be used to raise awareness of the marginal use of exposure controls and impediments for their use. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:1020–1031, 2016. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA
Free Software as Public Service in Brazil: An Assessment of Activism, Policy, and Technology

Brazil has been one of the more progressive countries in adopting free and open source software as part of broader social and digital inclusion initiatives. Many of these policies and projects have their roots in activism during President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva’s presidency. Since then, free software projects and policies have continued to advance within state institutions, but the effectiveness of these projects and policies remains relatively unexplored. To that end, this article focuses on three recent projects aimed at using free software to expand social and digital inclusion. However, I argue that these projects do not adequately link intention to outcome when assessing the effectiveness of the projects or policies.
Purpose and Spirituality: Exploring the Role of Fidelity in Diverse Adolescents

Purpose is understood to reflect young people’s stable and generalized commitments to accomplish meaningful activity and contribute productively to society. Religion has been linked with purpose; however, the nature of this relationship is not well understood. Given that purpose and religion involve beliefs and devotion, the current study examined fidelity as a means of understanding this relationship in a group of religiously and culturally diverse youth from around the world. The participants were 30 adolescents aged 12-21 (M = 17.73 years) nominated for living with profound spirituality in their community. Consensual qualitative research (CQR) strategies were used. Analysis revealed that 29 of the participants reported a sense of purpose and all 30 participants described some aspect of fidelity that involved (a) beliefs, (b) values, (c) morals, and (d) resolute commitment. These findings highlight the centrality of fidelity as a link between religion and purpose among diverse youth. Future directions for research and practice are discussed.
Characterizing the Propionibacterium Load in Revision Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Study of 137 Culture-Positive Cases.

Background: Propionibacterium is commonly recovered from explants or surrounding tissues in revision shoulder arthroplasty. Rather than attempting to differentiate a true infection from a false-positive result on the basis of the number of positive cultures, we characterized the amount of these bacteria in each specimen and shoulder. Methods: The study included 137 revision shoulder arthroplasties from which a minimum of 4 specimens had been submitted for culture and at least 1 was positive for Propionibacterium. Standard microbiology procedures were used to assign a semiquantitative value (0.1, 1, 2, 3, or 4), called the Specimen Propi Value, to the amount of growth in each specimen. The sum of the Specimen Propi Values for each shoulder was defined as the Shoulder Propi Score, which was then divided by the total number of specimens to calculate the Average Shoulder Propi Score. Results: The number and percentage of positive specimen-specific cultures (of material obtained from the stem explant, head explant, glenoid explant, humeral membrane, collar membrane, other soft tissue, fluid, or other) per shoulder ranged from 1 to 6 and 14% to 100%. A high percentage of specimens (mean, 43%; median, 50%) from the culture-positive shoulders showed no growth. Only 32.6% of the fluid cultures were positive in comparison with 66.5% of the soft-tissue cultures and 55.6% of the cultures of explant specimens. The average Specimen Propi Value (and standard deviation) for fluid specimens (0.35 ± 0.89) was significantly lower than those for the soft-tissue (0.92 ± 1.50) and explant (0.66 ± 0.90) specimens (p < 0.001). The Shoulder Propi Score was significantly higher in men (3.56 ± 3.74) than in women (1.22 ± 3.11) (p < 0.001). Similarly, men had a significantly higher Average Shoulder Propi Score (0.53 ± 0.51) than women (0.19 ± 0.43) (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This investigation suggests that Propionibacterium is unevenly distributed within culture-positive revised shoulders. As a result, the specimen number and source (explant, soft tissue, or fluid) have major influences on the culture results for a revised shoulder arthroplasty. We found no evidence that suggested useful threshold values for defining a true infection. Level of Evidence: Diagnostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Same-Race and Interracial Asian-White Couples: Relational and Social Contexts and Relationship Outcomes 1

Research suggests that interracial couples have lower relationship stability compared to their same-race counterparts, but there is evidence that interracial relationships involving Whites and Asia...
Design of a backscatter-based Tag-to-Tag system

Practical technologies for the Internet of Things (IoT) must provide connectivity to all objects under a common framework irrespective of their size or value. Power requirement, cost of wireless devices and scalability have proved critical bottlenecks for the universal deployment of the IoT. One approach to address these issues is the use of a communication paradigm where the devices communicate via backscattering and exploit harvested power from an external RF source. In a Backscattering Tag-to-Tag Network (BTTN), the tags themselves are able to read and interpret the backscattered communications from other neighboring tags. In the tag-to-tag link, the BTTN tag has to demodulate a receiving signal with a low modulation index. In order to improve the link range, we propose a power-efficient demodulator design that enables the receiving tag to quantify the amplitude-shift keying (ASK) modulated signal with a modulation index as low as 0.6%. The demodulator consumes 1.21 µW at 1.1 V supply voltage at a data rate of 10 kbps.
Stochastic, adaptive, and dynamic control of energy storage systems integrated with renewable energy sources for power loss minimization

Abstract In this study, the energy storage systems (ESS) integrated with renewable energy sources (RES), installed in a medium-voltage primary electrical distribution system, are controlled based on a proposed stochastic, adaptive, and dynamic approach to minimize the daily operation cost of system managed by the local distribution company (DISCO). A stochastic approach is applied in the operation problem to address the uncertainty of power of RESs. In addition, a model predictive control (MPC) technique is employed to deal with the variability of power of RESs. The daily operation cost of distribution system includes the hourly energy loss cost of electrical feeder, the hourly operation cost of ESSs, and the hourly switching cost of ESSs. The numerical study demonstrates a remarkable potential for reducing the operation cost of system by optimal control of ESSs and application of stochastic MPC. In addition, it is proven that applying MPC in the problem results in better outcomes. Moreover, it is shown that MPC increases the robustness of optimization procedure with respect to the prediction errors, due to dynamic and adaptability characteristics of MPC.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Acyclic α-Quaternary Carboxylic Acid Derivatives through Iridium-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation

The first highly enantioselective iridium-catalyzed allylic alkylation that provides access to products bearing an allylic all-carbon quaternary stereogenic center has been developed. The reaction utilizes a masked acyl cyanide (MAC) reagent, which enables the one-pot preparation of α-quaternary carboxylic acids, esters, and amides with a high degree of enantioselectivity. The utility of these products is further explored through a series of diverse product transformations.
A Model-Based Assessment of Potential Impacts of Man-Made Reservoirs on Precipitation

AbstractLand-use land-cover change (LULCC) plays an important role in weather and climate systems. Human modifications of land cover include building reservoirs and thus creating artificial lakes for multipurpose use. In this research, the authors have completed a Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model–based assessment of impacts of two large parallel lakes on precipitation. This area is located in the western part of the states of Kentucky and Tennessee and known as the Land between the Lakes (LBL). To determine the impacts, this study has replaced the lakes with grass, deciduous forests, and bare soil and conducted model simulations for three precipitation events of different magnitudes.The analysis suggests that precipitation increased in some cases and reduced in others. One of the key impacts of LULCC in the LBL area is the relocation of precipitation cells and also the timing of precipitation. Local precipitation amounts increased or decreased with these relocations. In summary, establishment ...
Patent Foramen Ovale after Cryptogenic Stroke — Assessing the Evidence for Closure

The benefit of closing a patent foramen ovale after a cryptogenic stroke has been an open question. The FDA recently approved the Amplatzer PFO Occluder in light of a nonsignificant reduction in recurrent ischemic stroke with the device and a favorable safety profile.
Erratum to: 7th International Conference on Automated Deduction

Erratum to: R.E. Shostak (Ed.) 7th International Conference on Automated Deduction DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-34768-4
Static energy reduction techniques for microprocessor caches

Microprocessor performance has been improved by increasing the capacity of on-chip caches. However, the performance gain comes at the price of increased static energy consumption due to sub-threshold leakage current. This paper compares three techniques for reducing static energy consumption in on-chip level-1 and level-2 caches. One technique employs low-leakage transistors in the memory cell. Another technique, power supply switching can be used to turn off the memory cells and discard their contents. A third alternative is dynamic threshold modulation, which places the memory cells in a standby state that preserves cell contents. In our experiments, we explore the energy/performance trade-offs of these techniques and find that the dynamic threshold modulation achieves the best results for level-1 caches, improving the energy-delay product by 2% in a level-1 instruction cache and 7% in a level-1 data cache. Low-leakage transistors perform best for the level-2 cache as they reduce the static energy by up to 98% and improve the energy-delay product by more than a factor of 50.
The Learning and Teaching of Statistical Investigation in Teaching and Teacher Education

Current national standards in mathematicseducation in the United States call forrevision of content and pedagogy, including theaddition of statistics as a new topic in theelementary curriculum. The purpose of thisstudy is to examine the collaborative effortsof a mathematics educator and statistician tohelp prospective elementary teachers developstatistical knowledge and experience throughmerging statistical investigation into existingelementary curricula. Findings from this studyoffer insight into preservice teachers'statistical and pedagogical content knowledgebased on their application of the process ofstatistical investigation themselves and withchildren. Findings also indicate thatintegrating statistics into the elementarycurriculum is a more difficult and complexteaching and learning problem than expected.
The Future of Healthcare through a Systems Approach

This paper offers a perspective on how a Systems Approach framework, that involves Systems Thinking and the System Development Lifecycle, can be applied in collaborative innovation to ensure that healthcare achieves value, safety, accessibility, and positive patient outcomes. Approaching problem solving in healthcare from a Systems Thinking perspective reinforces the need to maintain a holistic, rather than reductionist, view when designing systems. Coupled with the System Development Lifecycle that provides a requirementsdriven process that progresses from conception through realization, one can create a feedback loop to ensure a continually improving system. Utilizing this approach through transdisciplinary teams, involving both engineers and healthcare professionals, that consider challenges from an integrated conceptual framework, allows the team to formulate and evaluate solutions based on the insights from across the disciplines. The result is the creation and deployment of robust solutions that improve value and advance learning.
Simulating the Role of Specialization at the Firm/Market Boundary

This paper aims to explain firm emergence in the market place, and the role firms play in estab-lishing market structures, using the productive power of specialization. Building on the age-old know...
Political Competition, Partisanship, and Interpersonal Trust Under Party Dominance: Evidence from Post-Apartheid South Africa

How does single-party dominance influence interpersonal trust? We draw on evidence from trust games played by more than 2,000 subjects in South Africa, where, since Apartheid, race-based social enmity has persisted under democratic competition characterized by single-party dominance. We find that partisan-based trust discrimination is most pronounced for those who identify with the main opposition party and is driven by strong distrust of rival partisans. These findings underscore how electoral competition, in general, shapes trust across party lines and suggests one-sided competition, in particular, has asymmetrical effects between parties in dominant party systems. Moreover, this study provides additional evidence regarding the relative weights of trustworthiness stereotypes tied to partisanship and race.
Mechanically and electrically nonlinear non-ideal piezoelectric energy harvesting framework with experimental validations

In the literature of vibration energy harvesting, mechanically nonlinear frameworks have mostly employed linear electrical circuitry to formulate AC input–AC output problems, while the existing efforts on nonlinear power conditioning circuits have assumed linear mechanical behavior. However, even for the simplest case of a stiff (geometrically linear) piezoelectric cantilever, material softening and dissipative nonlinearities in the mechanical domain have to be accomodated to accurately predict the response for moderate to high excitation levels, and likewise a stable DC signal must be obtained to charge a storage component in realistic energy harvesting applications. Furthermore, often times the voltage output is not large enough to assume ideal diode behavior to reduce diodes to switches in AC–DC conversion modeling. Therefore, a relatively complete representation of piezoelectric energy harvesting requires accounting for the mechanical (e.g., material and dissipative) nonlinearities as well as the nonlinear process of AC–DC conversion with non-ideal circuit elements, such as real diodes. To this end, we present and experimentally validate a multiphysics framework and harmonic balance analysis that combines these mechanical and electrical nonlinear non-ideal effects to predict the DC electrical output (DC voltage across the load) in terms of the AC mechanical input (base vibration) for arbitrary vibration and voltage levels. The focus is placed on a bimorph cantilever with piezoelectric laminates under base excitation. The terminals of the piezoelectric layers are combined in series and connected to a bridge rectifier with non-ideal diodes and a filter capacitor. The multi-term harmonic balance framework can capture the ripple in the DC signal as well as amplitude-dependent nonlinear dynamics accounting for realistic diode behavior. In addition to quantitative comparisons and validations by comparing the experimental data and model simulations, important qualitative trends are unveiled for mechanically and electrically nonlinear non-ideal dynamics of piezoelectric energy harvesting.
Polar Auxin Transport and Plant Sporophyte Body Plans

Abstract Polar auxin transport shapes the plant sporophyte throughout its lifespan. The diverse body plans of tracheophytes originated from ancestors with simple sporophytes lacking organ differentiation. Characterization of the role of auxin in the organization of plant sporophytes is key to understanding the evolution of sporophyte development. Angiosperm studies have allowed great strides in this direction, but knowledge of seed-free plants is lagging behind. Available data support a hypothesis whereby above-ground sporophyte organs share basipetal auxin transport, which is acropetal in below-ground organs, irrespective of homology. Studies linking polar auxin transport to embryogenesis across all tracheophytes are needed to test this hypothesis and complete the picture of sporophyte body plan evolution.
Provider Practice and Perceptions of Pediatric Obesity in Appalachian Kentucky.

Objectives This study assessed providers' present practices and perceived needs in Appalachian Kentucky to identify the standard of care and implementation of expert recommendations for managing pediatric obesity. Methods Questionnaire data were gathered from 28 providers at a pediatric obesity continuing medical education workshop in eastern Kentucky. We assessed current practices, perceived barriers to treatment, and needed resources for managing pediatric obesity. Results Respondents reported mixed adherence to expert recommendations, with providers less frequently addressing family-reported barriers to change and assessing a family's readiness to change behaviors related to pediatric obesity. Respondents also reported service barriers related to patient motivation, lack of time with patients, and a lack of referral options. Finally, providers reported needing multiple community resources to better address pediatric obesity, including improved physical education programs, access to community recreation centers, additional referral resources for multidisciplinary care, and additional training in motivational techniques. Conclusions There remains a significant need for education and guidance regarding the implementation of expert recommendations for addressing pediatric obesity in Appalachian Kentucky. Providers reported needing multiple community resources, including improved physical education programs, access to community recreation centers, additional referral resources for multidisciplinary care, and additional training in motivational techniques. We discuss the implications for disseminating and implementing expert recommendations in rural eastern Kentucky, with an emphasis on the roles of behavioral health experts.
Impact of preoperative duration of ulcerative colitis on long-term outcomes of restorative proctocolectomy

It is unknown if ulcerative colitis (UC) duration has an impact on outcomes of ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA). The aim of the study was to compare the long-term IPAA outcomes based on preoperative UC duration. All patients with pathologically confirmed UC who underwent IPAA were included from a prospectively maintained pouch database (1983–2017).Patient’s cohort was stratified according to UC duration: 20 years. UC duration was defined as time interval from date of preoperative diagnosis to colectomy date. The main outcome was Kaplan-Meier pouch survival. Secondary outcomes were pouch function and quality of life. Out of 4502 IPAAs (1983–2016), 2797 patients were included. Treated with biologics versus 12% with UC duration > 20 years were 41% patients with UC duration < 5 years. Treated with steroids compared to shortest (34%,p < 0.001) were 54% patients with the longest disease. A total of 65% of patients with shortest disease had IPAAs performed mostly in 3 stages. Anastomotic separation and pelvic sepsis were more prevalent among shortest compared to longest disease groups. Rates of pouch-targeted fistulas, anastomotic strictures, and pouchitis were highest in longest disease group. Pouch survival was similar between groups. Multivariate analysis did not show a significant association between UC duration and pouch failure [1.05(0.97–1.1), p = 0.23].Longer UC duration was associated with increased odds of pouchitis [1.2(1.1, 1.3), p < 0.001]. Biologics agents were shown to be protective against pouchitis. Preoperative UC duration does not increase pouch failure risk. Longer preoperative UC duration increases the pouchitis risk. Biologic agents and three-staged IPAA are protective against pouchitis and septic complications in long-term among patients with UC.
Threat and Efficacy in Television News: Reporting on an Emerging Infectious Disease

During an emerging infectious disease outbreak, television news becomes an important channel for communicating threat and efficacy information. In this study, we conduct a content analysis to asses...
Polycomb Repressive Complex 2: a Dimmer Switch of Gene Regulation in Calvarial Bone Development.

Epigenetic regulation is a distinct mechanism of gene regulation that functions by modulating chromatin structure and accessibility. Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) is a conserved chromatin regulator that is required in the developing embryo to control the expression of key developmental genes. An emerging feature of PRC2 is that it not only allows for binary ON/OFF states of gene expression but can also modulate gene expression in feed-forward loops to change the outcome of gene regulatory networks. This striking feature of epigenetic modulation has improved our understanding of musculoskeletal development. Recent advances in mouse embryos unravel a range of phenotypes that demonstrate the tissue-specific, temporal, and spatial role of PRC2 during organogenesis and cell fate decisions in vivo. Here, we take a detailed view of how PRC2 functions during the development of calvarial bone and skin. Based on the emerging evidence, we propose that PRC2 serves as a “dimmer switch” to modulate gene expression of target genes by altering the expression of activators and inhibitors. This review highlights the findings from contemporary research that allow us to investigate the unique developmental potential of intramembranous calvarial bones.
Robotic Resection and Revision of Uterine Scar Defect with Hysteroscopic Guidance

Study Objective To demonstrate the steps of a robotic-assisted resection and revision of a uterine scar defect with hysteroscopic guidance and review tips and trips for this rare surgical procedure. Design This video describes the step by step approach to a robotic resection and revision of a uterine scar defect using hysteroscopic guidance to identify the target anatomy. Additionally, we describe tips and tricks to utilize while performing this rare surgical procedure to facilitate identification of the uterine scar laparoscopically, resect the defect in its entirety, improve hemostasis, and place a supportive suture for revision. Setting The patient was placed in dorsal lithotomy position in preparation for both hysteroscopic and robotic access. Patients or Participants In this surgical video, we present a case of a women with secondary infertility and a uterine scar defect in the setting of a history of prior cesarean delivery. She was referred by an REI physician due to history of aborted embryo transfers with abnormal fluid collections in the uterine defect. Interventions Robotic-assisted resection and revision of the uterine scar defect with hysteroscopic guidance. Measurements and Main Results Complete resection and reapproximation of the defect was visualized both laparoscopically and hysteroscopically without evidence of leakage of hysteroscopic fluid through the incision. Conclusion A minimally invasive approach to uterine scar defects can utilize simultaneous robotic-assisted laparoscopy and hysteroscopic guidance to identify the defect for resection and revision in symptomatic women or for fertility indications.
Predicting cardiovascular health trajectories in time-series electronic health records with LSTM models.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States (US). Better cardiovascular health (CVH) is associated with CVD prevention. Predicting future CVH levels may help providers better manage patients’ CVH. We hypothesized that CVH measures can be predicted based on previous measurements from longitudinal electronic health record (EHR) data. The Guideline Advantage (TGA) dataset was used and contained EHR data from 70 outpatient clinics across the United States (US). We studied predictions of 5 CVH submetrics: smoking status (SMK), body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), hemoglobin A1c (A1C), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). We applied embedding techniques and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks – to predict future CVH category levels from all the previous CVH measurements of 216,445 unique patients for each CVH submetric. The LSTM model performance was evaluated by the area under the receiver operator curve (AUROC): the micro-average AUROC was 0.99 for SMK prediction; 0.97 for BMI; 0.84 for BP; 0.91 for A1C; and 0.93 for LDL prediction. Model performance was not improved by using all 5 submetric measures compared with using single submetric measures. We suggest that future CVH levels can be predicted using previous CVH measurements for each submetric, which has implications for population cardiovascular health management. Predicting patients’ future CVH levels might directly increase patient CVH health and thus quality of life, while also indirectly decreasing the burden and cost for clinical health system caused by CVD and cancers.
Improving Zero-Shot Multi-Lingual Entity Linking.

Entity linking -- the task of identifying references in free text to relevant knowledge base representations -- often focuses on single languages. We consider multilingual entity linking, where a single model is trained to link references to same-language knowledge bases in several languages. We propose a neural ranker architecture, which leverages multilingual transformer representations of text to be easily applied to a multilingual setting. We then explore how a neural ranker trained in one language (e.g. English) transfers to an unseen language (e.g. Chinese), and find that while there is a consistent but not large drop in performance. How can this drop in performance be alleviated? We explore adding an adversarial objective to force our model to learn language-invariant representations. We find that using this approach improves recall in several datasets, often matching the in-language performance, thus alleviating some of the performance loss occurring from zero-shot transfer.
Reprogramming of H3K9bhb at Regulatory Elements is an Epigenetic Feature of Fasting in the Small Intestine

β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) provides an essential metabolic energy source during fasting and functions as an epigenetic regulator by lysine β-hydroxybutyrylation (Kbhb) modification of core histones H3 and H4. We report that H3K9bhb, but not H4K12bhb, becomes highly enriched at proximal promoters of genes regulating lipolytic and ketogenic metabolic programs in small intestinal (SI) crypts during fasting and these pathways are transcriptionally activated in Lgr5 + SI stem cells. Similar Kbhb enrichment is observed in Lgr5 + stem cell-enriched epithelial spheroids treated with β-OHB in vitro. Combinatorial chromatin state analysis reveals that H3K9bhb enrichment is associated with active chromatin states and that fasting enriches for an H3K9bhb–H3K27ac signature at active metabolic gene promoters and distal DNA enhancer elements. Intestinal knockout of Hmgcs2 results in a marked loss of H3K9bhb associated fasting-induced gene programs suggesting that local production of β-OHB is responsible for epigenetic reprogramming. We conclude that specific modulation of H3K9bhb in SI crypts is a key epigenetic event in response to fasting.
Sulfhydryl Groups in Membrane Structure and Function

Publisher Summary The sulfhydryl group is one of the most reactive and ubiquitous ligands in biological systems. It is found in most proteins and also in a few low molecular-weight substances such as glutathione, CoA, lipoate, thioglycolate, and free cysteine. It is the most studied of ligands, particularly in relation to its role in enzymic activity and properties of proteins. It is also involved in many membrane functions, because chemical agents with a degree of specificity for sulfhydryl can disturb many functions attributed to the cell membrane. The sulfhydryl group not only constitutes a unique marker for delineating the general role of proteins in membrane functions, it can also serve as a marker for specific functional proteins through the use of radioactive reagents that form stable bonds with sulfhydryls. The various factors that are assumed to play a role in determining reactivity of particular sulfhydryl groups in proteins are discussed in the chapter. The mechanism of action of sulfhydryl agents and the functional role of membrane sulfhydryl groups are also discussed.
Social integration and mental well-being among jail inmates.

Although social integration has consistently been linked to mental well-being among the general population, this relationship has not been explored for persons confined in total institutions. Jails, in particular, represent unique conditions that have the potential to alter the traditional relationship between social ties and mental health. Although previously unexamined, social ties maintained by jail inmates outside and inside of the institution are commonly presumed to weaken some of the adverse effects of a stressful environment and positively influence mental health. The current study explores the impact of social integration on mental well-being among 198 male and female inmates incarcerated in a large county jail. The impact of marital status, parental status, and social support (both inside and outside of the jail) on various dimensions of mental health was examined. The results indicate that rather than promoting mental well-being, social relationships inside and outside of the institution are associated with higher levels of distress. Specifically, married inmates report higher levels of depression and anxiety, and inmates with close social relationships inside of the jail report higher levels of hostility, although gender differences in these patterns are evident. The results of this study suggest that social integration may play a different role for persons incarcerated in total institutions than among the general population due to the unique conditions of social stigmatization and separation from support networks.
Ferroelectric Ordering in Ice Nanotubes Confined in Carbon Nanotubes

The ice nanotubes with odd number of side faces formed inside carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are found to exhibit spontaneous electric polarizations along their tube axes by means of molecular dynamics simulations. The physical mechanism underlying the quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) ferroelectricity is an interplay between the Q1D geometrical confinement of CNTs and the distinct orientational ordering of the hydrogen bonds dictated by the "ice rule". This mechanism is fundamentally different from the conventional one seen in three-dimensional ferroelectric (FE) materials or in two-dimensional FE ice films. In addition, it is found that vacancies in the ice nanotubes can induce a net polarization normal to the tube axis.
Spectral-Domain Analysis

The sections in this article are 1 Formulation of the Spectral Domain Analysis 2 Summary and Conclusions Keywords: spectral domain analysis; quasi-static analysis; full-wave analysis; planar transmission lines; integral equation method
Efavirenz treatment causes arterial stiffening in apolipoprotein E-null mice.

The development of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has transformed HIV-1 infection from a terminal diagnosis to a chronic, yet manageable disease. However, people living with HIV-1 exhibit a host of non-AIDS-related co-morbidities including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Several HAART drugs have been implicated in the development of CVD; however, the role of efavirenz (EFV), a highly prescribed HAART drug, in early-onset CVD is poorly understood. We treated apolipoprotein E-null (ApoE -/- ) mice with EFV (75 mg/kg/day) or vehicle, via oral gavage, for 35 days and quantified commonly measured preclinical markers of CVD (intima-media thickening, arterial stiffening) and plaque area. Suprarenal abdominal aortas were subjected to cylindrical biaxial biomechanical testing and standard histology. Aortas from EFV-treated mice demonstrated decreased compliance (i.e., increased arterial stiffness) and decreased axial force and a trend toward decreased in vivo axial stretch, but EFV treatment had no effect on intima-media thickness of the aortic wall or plaque coverage in thoracic aortas and aortic arches. Taken together, these data suggest that EFV leads to arterial stiffening but, for the dose and duration tested, did not lead to elevated plaque progression in ApoE -/- mice.
Interaction of (+/-)-7r,8t-dihydroxy-9t,10t-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene with relaxed circular pBR322 DNA.

Abstract The interaction of (±)-BPDE ( 1 ) with DNA at neutral pH was investigated by the application of relaxed circular pBR322 DNA, (±)-BPDE causes a rapid positive supercoiling of this DNA followed by a slower spontaneous relaxation. The results indicate that there are two clearly discernable types of chemical interactions between 1 and DNA, a rapid intercalative covalent binding and a slower strand breakage. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Analytical Curve Fits for Solution Parameters of Dynamically Loaded Journal Bearings

The mobility method of solution is frequently used for analyzing dynamically loaded journal bearings. Curve fits of journal-bearing solutions are used in this method. All the currently available curve fits are lacking in one or more of three important features—the solution accuracy, the solution detail, and the solution time. A new set of analytical curve fits is presented in this paper. The set includes: the two components of mobility vectors, location and magnitude of maximum film pressure, and the starting and finishing angles of the pressure curve. For an ideal journal bearing, the new curve fits give accuracy and solution detail comparable to an expensive finite-element analysis, while keeping the solution time comparable to that required for the short-bearing approximation. An example is presented to demonstrate the use of the new curve fits.
Invasive revascularisation in patients with moderate intermittent claudication provides a significant improvement in quality of life compared with conservative treatment.

Commentary on : Nordanstig J, Taft C, Hensater M, et al. Improved quality of life after 1 year with an invasive versus a noninvasive treatment strategy in claudicants: one-year results of the Invasive Revascularization or Not in Intermittent Claudication (IRONIC) Trial. Circulation 2014;130:939–47[OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2]. In cases of severe intermittent claudication (IC), successful revascularisation provides significant symptomatic improvement. In cases of mild IC, revascularisation has exceedingly high risks. The choice between invasive revascularisation and non-invasive treatments for moderate severity IC is often difficult. Treatment benefits may be relative in terms of the effects on quality of life (QoL). This trial randomised consecutive patients with moderate IC into two equal groups to compare the effects of revascularisation and non-invasive treatment on health-related QoL assessed by the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) and Vascular Quality of Life Questionnaire (VascuQoL). Self-reported maximum walking distance (MWD) and IC distance (ICD) on a … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DCirculation%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1161%252FCIRCULATIONAHA.114.009867%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F25095886%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=circulationaha&resid=130/12/939&atom=%2Febmed%2F20%2F3%2F109.atom
SEPARATION AND ASSAY OF LYSINS AND LYSIN-INHIBITOR COMPLEXES IN BLOOD AND TISSUES

1. A process of extraction and assay, which combines the features of several existing methods, is described for the lytic materials which can be obtained from blood, plasma, serum, and tissues. At least two alcohol-soluble substances, one ether-soluble ("soap-like") and the other insoluble in ether in the cold ("lysolecithin-like"), can be obtained from preincubated blood, plasma, or serum. The hemolytic activity (or concentration) of the soap-like lysin obtained from blood is greater than that of the lysolecithin-like substance, but for plasma and serum the reverse is true, i.e. the red cells are involved in the production of the soap-like lysin, and probably supply some of it when acted upon by enzymes contained in plasma and serum. Preincubation of the blood or plasma increases the yield of lysin two- or threefold, and small quantities of both soap-like and lysolecithin-like lysins can be obtained from unpreincubated blood or plasma. 2. The soap-like lysins obtained from preincubated mouse liver are some 5 to 15 times as active as, or occur in some 5 to 15 times the concentration of, those obtained from blood or plasma. The lysolecithin-like lysins of preincubated liver are about twice as active as, or occur in about twice as great concentration of, those obtained from blood. Because of the shape of the time-dilution curve for these lysins, the relations between their activities, or concentrations, are often quite different from those which one would anticipate if one were to consider only the times required for the production of hemolysis. 3. Paper chromatography can be used to separate the soap-like and the lysolecithin-like lysins obtainable from small quantities of preincubated mouse liver homogenates or preincubated mouse blood. The presence of lysins is detected by their effect on the red cells of a suspension as it wets the paper. Various technical procedures for separating lytic components and for demonstrating that they move on the paper along with protein components are described. 4. Paper strip electrophoresis can be used to show that the supernatant fluid of a preincubated mouse liver homogenate contains at least two protein components and at least two lytic components, not very closely associated in their electrophoretic behavior. 5. Observations on the physical nature of the alcohol- and ether-soluble lysin point to its having a soap-like character. Its activity, as well as that of the lysolecithin-like lysin, is inhibited by cholesterol, by lecithin, and by various fractions of serum. Some of these effects have been studied quantitatively. The most inhibitory of the protein fractions are those which contain lipoproteins; i.e., II + III and IV + V.
Correlation of O2 uptake with CO hydrogenation activity of unsupported MoS2 catalysts

Abstract CO hydrogenation activities, BET surface areas, and O 2 adsorption uptakes were measured for a series of unsupported MoS 2 catalysts presulfided over a wide range of temperatures. Methane production rates correlate well with BET surface areas and O 2 uptakes for fresh or used catalysts. O 2 adsorption appears to occur selectively on only a fraction of the surface of sulfided molybdenum catalysts, but is not necessarily specific to either hydrogenation or sulfur removal sites.
Performance of Concatenated Convolutional Codes: Coherent vs. Non-coherent

For radio communication systems, powerful error correction codes are necessary to operate in noisy and fading channel conditions. Iterative forward error correction schemes like Turbo codes can achieve near Shannon capacity performance on memory-less channels and also perform well on correlated fading channels. The key to the excellent decoding performance of the Turbo coding systems is the BCJR algorithm in conjunction with the iterative processing of soft information. A very popular modulation technique is Differential Phase Shift Key (DPSK) which is not only a simple non-coherent modulation and demodulation technique; it is also a recursive rate one code. Combining DPSK with a single convolutional code structure as an iterative inner outer forward error correction system can provide excellent Turbo like performance. Bit Interleaved Coded Modulation with Iterative Demodulation (BICM-ID), which is a similar iterative coding system that allows full coherent processing, will be analyzed and compared to the DPSK BCJR iterative system. Monte Carlo simulation results will be shown for the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh fading channels.
Vital capacity breaths of 5% or 15% CO2 in N2 or O2 to test carotid chemosensitivity

Abstract To measure peripheral chemoreceptor sensitivity in man, we trained subjects to inspire a vital capacity breath of 5% or 15% CO 2 in either N 2 or O 2 , to exhale rapidly to FRC, and then to breathe “spontaneously”. The stimulus was considered to be the P a O 2 or P a CO 2 measured at end expiration of the test breath. By evaluating various combinations of the first four spontaneous breaths we determined that the response was best defined as the average minute ventilation of the second and third spontaneous breaths. Fourteen normal men after 15% CO 2 in N 2 had a mean (± S.E.) stimulus of P a O 2 = 39.5±3.0 torr and P a CO 2 = 68.1±0.8 torr and a mean (± S.E.) response of 36.5±1.4 liters/(min × m 2 ). Following 5% CO 2 in N 2 the P a O 2 = 30.5±1.4 torr , P a CO 2 was normal, and ventilation was 14.7±2.6 liters/(min × m 2 ). A vital capacity of 15% CO 2 in O 2 raised P a co 2 to 68.7±1.3 torr and drove ventilation to 17.9±3.3 liters/ (min × m 2 ). The control, 5% CO 2 in O 2 , produced no rise in P a CO 2 but was followed by a ventilation of 6.8±0.8 liters/(min × m 2 ), about twice normal ventilation. Arterial blood sampled at roughly two-second intervals from six of the subjects following test breaths of 15% CO 2 in N 2 showed that mean (± S.E.) maximum P a CO 2 was 9.9±0.8 torr higher than the corresponding P a CO 2 , and mean (± S.E.) minimum P a O 2 was 7.3±0.8 torr lower than the corresponding Pa O 2 Requirements of subject training and cooperation are offset by the test's brevity and lack of central hypoxic depression or hypercapnic stimulation, permitting evaluation of pure peripheral chemoreceptor drive.