cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determinants of knee replacement in subjects with a history of arthroscopy: data from the osteoarthritis initiative

To investigate the risk and determinants of knee replacement (KR) in subjects with or at risk of osteoarthritis (OA) and a history of arthroscopy. Data from the osteoarthritis initiative cohort were analyzed (n = 4796, up to the seventh year of follow-up). Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to determine the risk of KR according to the history of arthroscopy. A multivariable model was used to determine the risk factors for KR among subjects with a history of arthroscopy (n = 842), including age, gender, body mass index, history of knee injury, and baseline physical activity scale for the elderly, Western Ontario and McMaster (WOMAC) total score, and radiographic Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) score. History of arthroscopy was associated with risk of KR after adjustments for the mentioned determinants of OA (HR: 1.90 (1.49–2.44); P value <0.001). Female gender (HR: 1.86 (1.30–2.68); P value <0.001), higher WOMAC (HR: 1.02 (1.01–1.03); P value <0.001), and KL score (HR: 2.64 (2.08–3.35); P value <0.001) increased the risk of KR among subjects with a history of arthroscopy. Subjects with a history of knee injury had 50 % lower risk of KR (HR: 0.50 (0.35–0.72); P value <0.001) after arthroscopy. Female gender, more clinical symptoms and radiographic signs of OA, was associated with higher risk of future KR in subjects with a history of arthroscopy. Subjects with arthroscopy in the setting of concomitant knee injury were 50 % less likely to undergo KR compared to subjects who underwent arthroscopy without a history of concomitant knee injury.
Ceramics: Clinical evidence for ceramics in spine fusion

Abstract Spine fusion surgery is among the most common orthopedic procedures performed, with autologous iliac crest bone graft (ICBG) considered the gold standard for achieving arthrodesis. Ceramic-based bone grafts have been widely utilized to replace ICBG secondary to complications associated with graft harvest. This review summarizes the current literature regarding the use of ceramics in a variety of spine fusion surgeries, suggesting that ceramic-based bone grafts, when coupled with an osteoinductive source, represent a promising alternative to ICBG. While few high level studies exist, the preponderance of evidence suggests acceptable fusion rates when used appropriately in a variety of applications.
A Theoretical Fulcrum: Robert Grosseteste on (Divine) Infinitude

This paper explores Robert Grosseteste’s account of divine infinitude and maintains that the Bishop of Lincoln was unique among his contemporaries and important for succeeding generations of Christian theologians in that he generated a theoretical framework that could substantiate and develop further, religious belief in an intrinsic and entitively perfective concept of divine infinitude which was a central tenet of much medieval metaphysical speculation at the end of the thirteenth century and beyond. The backdrop of Grosseteste’s thinking are ancient philosophies of nature, especially that of Aristotle, which find infinitude—allied as it is to the pure potentiality of matter—to be an incomprehensible morass of indeterminacy. Motivated equally by (1) his theological commitment to Patristic thinking about the nature of God as infinite and (2) his cosmogonical accounts of the universe (as found most especially in his De luce) that are as much mathematical (if not more so) as they are physical, Grosseteste reformulates and deploys the concept of ‘infinitude’ in a positive direction that, as this paper shows, has decisive significance for succeeding generations of medieval thinkers, especially Richard Fishacre, but also Thomas Aquinas, Bonaventure, and Duns Scotus who are committed to a positive understanding of God’s entitive infinitude.
It Should Not Be a Pit Stop: Voices and Perspectives of Homeless Youth on Labeling and Placement in Special Education

ABSTRACTAlthough the incomplete school histories of homeless youths are often highlighted, little is written about their school careers involving special education. This study is based on the educational narratives of homeless youths in special education. Their narratives were constructed using “direct scribing” and narrative ethnography. The article highlights the stigma and bullying experienced by youths as a result of being labeled, and shares their perspectives about special education being similar to a “pit stop”—a brief transitory stop with very short-sighted designs and benefits. It also discusses the benefits of direct scribing and the need to listen to the perspectives of students themselves on how labeling and placement in special education affect them.
Gene and Environment Independence and Secondary Outcome Analysis in Case-Control Study

The testing of gene and environment interaction for a susceptibility disease such as cancer has become a very popular topic in genetic epidemiological studies. This is mainly due to the fact that relatively common ploymorphisms in a wide spectrum of genes may be modified by environmental exposures.
Optical propagation of blue LED light in brain tissue and Parylene-C

Understanding the propagation of LED light in the brain tissue can facilitate the advanced development of LED-based neuroprosthetic devices for optogenetic applications. In this work, the attenuation coefficient of blue LED light in thin tissue slices and Parylene-C films were quantified, which is 19.9 cm−1 and 1.70 cm−1, respectively. Optical simulations in TracePro show good agreement with the experiments.
Parent Perceptions of Mobile Device Use Among Preschool-Aged Children in Rural Head Start Centers.

Abstract Objective To describe child use and parents' beliefs and comfort with young children's use of mobile devices in low-income, rural communities. Methods This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. The survey, which consisted of 18 multiple-part questions, was distributed to families at 5 Head Start/preschool centers in Colorado. Results In total, 192 surveys were returned (28.5% response rate). Most children (92%) used a smartphone or tablet at some frequency and most parents (90%) had downloaded apps specifically for their child. Education and ethnicity were related to parents' technology beliefs. Parent comfort with technology was positively associated with greater child use of technology (P Conclusions and Implications Mobile device use was relatively high in this sample. Mobile devices appear to be a feasible platform to offer nutrition and physical activity education for this audience. Ensuring parent comfort with technology and apps will be important.
Race modifies the relationship between cognition and Alzheimer’s disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers

African Americans have been reported to have a higher prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) than Caucasians, but etiology-specific AD biomarkers have not been systematically analyzed in older African Americans. Coexisting cerebrovascular disease may also contribute to this increased prevalence. We hypothesized that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of amyloid, neurodegeneration, and endothelial dysfunction would differ between older African Americans and Caucasians with normal cognition and cognitive impairment associated with AD. We prospectively recruited 135 older Americans to undergo detailed clinical, neuropsychological, genetic, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and CSF analysis from 2013 to 2015 at Emory University (Atlanta, GA, USA). We compared levels of CSF markers for β-amyloid (Aβ42, Aβ40), total and phosphorylated tau (t-tau and p-tau181, respectively), endothelial dysfunction (soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1), α-synuclein, and neurodegeneration (neurofilament light chain [NfL]), as well as MRI markers, for hippocampal atrophy and cerebrovascular disease (white matter hyperintensity [WMH] volume). Sixty-five older African Americans (average age, 69.1 years) and 70 older Caucasians (average age, 70.8 years) were included. After adjusting for demographic variables, AD risk alleles, and cognitive function, older African Americans had lower CSF levels of p-tau181 (difference of 7.4 pg/ml; 95% CI, 3.7–11.2 pg/ml; p < 0.001), t-tau (difference of 23.6 pg/ml; 95% CI, 9.5–37.7; p = 0.001), and Aβ40 (difference of 1.35 ng/ml; 95% CI, 0.29–2.42 ng/ml; p = 0.013) despite similar levels of Aβ42, NfL, WMH volume, and hippocampal volume. Cognitively impaired African Americans also had lower CSF t-tau/Aβ42 (difference of 0.255 per 1-SD change in composite cognition; 95% CI, 0.100–0.409; p = 0.001) and p-tau181/Aβ42 (difference of 0.076 per 1-SD change in composite cognition; 95% CI, 0.031–0.122; p = 0.001). These could not be explained by measured biomarkers of non-AD processes, but African Americans may be more susceptible than Caucasians to the cognitive effects of WMH. Despite comparable levels of CSF Aβ42 and Aβ42/Aβ40, cognitive impairment in African Americans is associated with smaller changes in CSF tau markers but greater impact from similar WMH burden than Caucasians. Race-associated differences in CSF tau markers and ratios may lead to underdiagnosis of AD in African Americans. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02089555 . Retrospectively registered on 14 March 2014.
TCT-326 Rheumatoid Arthritis in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: Readmission rates, costs, and outcomes from the Nationwide Readmission Database

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with increased incidence and severity of adverse outcomes following acute coronary syndromes. Invasive strategy results in lower mortality and complication rates. However, the impact of RA on treatment choice for NSTEMI patients remains ill-defined. The
The Grammar of Zoopoetics: Human and Canine Language Play

This chapter traces the motif of attributing language to dogs from postmodern memes like the “doge,” which play with ungrammatical language, to modernist canine narratives by Oskar Panizza and Franz Kafka, which tie into the tradition of the eloquent “philosopher dog.” In these texts, language undoes the difference between human and animal by introducing epistemological and ontological doubt, which destabilizes the perception of self and other for both the narrating dogs and the human readers. In the context of modernist language skepticism, this is a moment of fundamental crisis, while postmodern memes engage playfully with the norms of language and being. What appears as ungrammatical partakes in the grammar of zoopoetics: the particular linguistic creativity enabled by anthropomorphized animal language that questions its own presuppositions.
World Population, Land Area, and Food Situation

No discussion about food supply can be separated from its interaction with human populations. The earth’s population was slightly less than six billion in 1996 and is projected to double in less than 50 years, providing the annual increase of about 1.5% annually continues. Clearly, food production must increase accordingly, in order to accommodate such population growth.
On the Group Problem and a Subadditive Approach to Integer Programming

The study of Gomory's group problem has led to a subadditive approach to integer programming. In this paper, we trace that development using the cyclic group problem and knapsack problem as prototypes. The asymptotic theorem of Gomory is also discussed. Finally, an algorithm giving a constructive proof of a subadditive dual problem for the knapsack problem is presented.
Striatal 18F-DOPA metabolism with PET-CT in patients with and without Parkinson's disease

1274 Objectives FDOPA kinetics are used for diagnosing Parkinson’s disease (PD). The dynamic PET limits clinical applicability. For standardization of tracer administration, a pump was used at a fixed rate, 5 mL/min for 3 min. PET-CT images were analyzed with Patlak analysis and by calculating uptake-ratios. A database was defined for patients without motor disturbances, and compared to patients without PD. Methods 10 patients with treated brain tumor, stable (Negative Controls, negC) and 20 patients with tremors, age 31-76, were preloaded with 200 mg Carbidopa, and received 5-10 mCi 18F-DOPA 1 hr later. CT was for attenuation correction. PET acquisition was 90 min (from injection) for negC and 30 min (starting at 1 hr) for others. As input function (IF) a cerebellar or occipital cortex curve was used. A ‘standard IF’ was obtained by averaging TACs of negC normalized to the area-under-the-curve. Individual IF was derived by scaling standard IF to cerebellar or occipital uptake. VOIs of the striata were defined manually or by thresholding. Patlak analysis was done over 30 min starting at 1 hr. No corrections were applied for partial volume or metabolites. Uptake ratios relative to the cerebellar and occipital cortex were calculated. Results Normal influx rate (Ki) with PET-CT was different (p Conclusions A database of Ki & SOR was established for FDOPA metabolism with PET-CT, using tracer delivery via pump, ‘standard IF’ scaled by actual uptake, and Patlak plot or SOR. This procedure permits differentiation of clinical Parkinsonism
Modeling Intimate Partner Violence and Support Systems

This chapter documents a simulation model developed to examine the dynamics of intimate partner violence (IPV) in a Midwestern US city. IPV is the term for personal abuse among intimate heterosexual partners. It affects all races and income levels, but the individuals at highest risk are African American, immigrant, and lower-income females (Intimate partner violence in the USA, Washington, 2007; Intimate partner violence, Lanham, 2009). Furthermore, cultural and economic factors may influence a woman’s disclosure of IPV, her probability of seeking help, and her utilization of social services. The modeling IPV patterns and policy responses is intended to provide insights that affect decisions about where to locate shelters, for example, or what kinds of support and educational services may be most effective in reducing the recurrence of IPV. The IPV model is a spatially explicit agent-based model developed with NetLogo (http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/). The model was based on sociocultural and economic representations of IPV from the literature and statistics on IPV, crime, and homelessness for Chicago, IL. Simulations enable the user to assess the impacts of different policies and resource-deployment strategies on IPV rates, including the impacts on selected socioeconomic or racial groups. The authors assess the validity of the simulation results and identify areas for improving future versions of the model.
Time-dependent orbital-free density functional theory for electronic stopping power: Comparison to the Mermin-Kohn-Sham theory at high temperatures

Electronic stopping power in warm dense matter can affect energy transport and heating in astrophysical processes and internal confinement fusion. For cold condensed matter systems, stopping power can be modeled from first-principles using real-time time-dependent density functional theory (DFT). However, high temperatures (10's to 100's of eV) may be computationally prohibitive for traditional Mermin-Kohn-Sham DFT. New experimental measurements in the warm dense regime motivates the development of first-principles approaches, which can reach these temperatures. We have developed a time-dependent orbital-free density functional theory, which includes a novel nonadiabatic and temperature-dependent kinetic energy density functional, for the simulation of stopping power at any temperature. The approach is nonlinear with respect to the projectile perturbation, includes all ions and electrons, and does not require a priori determination of screened interaction potentials. Our results compare favorably with Kohn-Sham for temperatures in the WDM regime, especially nearing 100 eV.
Dynamics and development in number-to-space mapping

Young children's estimates of numerical magnitude increase approximately logarithmically with actual magnitude. The conventional interpretation of this finding is that children's estimates reflect an innate logarithmic encoding of number. A recent set of findings, however, suggests that logarithmic number-line estimates emerge via a dynamic encoding mechanism that is sensitive to previously encountered stimuli. Here we examine trial-to-trial changes in logarithmicity of numerosity estimates to test an alternative dynamic model (D-MLLM) with both a strong logarithmic component and a weak response to previous stimuli. In support of D-MLLM, first-trial numerosity estimates in both adults (Study 1, 2, 3, and 4) and children (Study 4) were strongly logarithmic, despite zero previous stimuli. Additionally, although numerosity of a previous trial affected adults' estimates, the influence of previous numbers always accompanied the logarithmic-to-linear shift predicted by D-MLLM. We conclude that a dynamic encoding mechanism is not necessary for compressive mapping, but sequential effects on response scaling are a possible source of linearity in adults' numerosity estimation.
A Clinical Synthesis of the "Late Talker" Literature: Implications for Service Delivery.

"Late talkers" are most often differentiated from their normally developing peers by their limited expressive lexicons. In the majority of the studies conducted on late talkers, these children are described as producing fewer than 50 words and/or producing limited word combinations by 24 months of age. The expressive language of some of the late talkers will eventually resemble their same-age peers; however, a substantial number of these children will continue to evidence difficulties with their expressive language acquisition. This article provides a review of the literature on late talkers in order to assist speech-language pathologists as they tackle those issues that are specific to service provision with this population of children.
The effects of infrared treatment on physicochemical characteristics of vegetable soybean.

Abstract Vegetable soybean (Edamame) blanching with hot water/steam is an energy- and water- intensive process that may also result in compromised product quality. The effectiveness of infrared (IR) heating to dry and simultaneously blanch Edamame was investigated at heating intensities of 11.06, 8.43 and 6.99 kW/m2. Temperature, weight, texture, and green intensity of heated samples for various durations were determined. In general, product weight decreased during IR heating. The largest weight reduction (9.5 %) was achieved after 100 s of heating at the highest IR heating intensity. Hardness was reduced alongside treatment duration, reaching the lowest values (11172.9–10847 N) at 100 or 120 s despite heating intensity. The highest green intensity was recorded (0.33) for treatments at 100 or 120 s. The new process combined drying and blanching into one step which potentially improves processing efficiency and product quality.
Hawaiian picture-winged Drosophila exhibit adaptive population divergence along a narrow climatic gradient on Hawaii Island.

Anthropogenic influences on global processes and climatic conditions are increasingly affecting ecosystems throughout the world.Hawaii Island's native ecosystems are well studied and local long-term climatic trends well documented, making these ecosystems ideal for evaluating how native taxa may respond to a warming environment.This study documents adaptive divergence of populations of a Hawaiian picture-winged Drosophila, D. sproati, that are separated by only 7 km and 365 m in elevation.Representative laboratory populations show divergent behavioral and physiological responses to an experimental low-intensity increase in ambient temperature during maturation. The significant interaction of source population by temperature treatment for behavioral and physiological measurements indicates differential adaptation to temperature for the two populations.Significant differences in gene expression among males were mostly explained by the source population, with eleven genes in males also showing a significant interaction of source population by temperature treatment.The combined behavior, physiology, and gene expression differences between populations illustrate the potential for local adaptation to occur over a fine spatial scale and exemplify nuanced response to climate change.
Verification of probabilistic risk assessment method AMETA for aircraft fatigue life management

A probabilistic risk assessment method to assess the failure possibilities of aircraft fatigue critical components due to fatigue damage initiation and propagation, as well as the effect of complex maintenance scenarios throughout the aircraft’s service life (including multiple repair types and various nondestructive inspection (NDI) techniques), needs to be developed for aircraft fatigue life management. The traditional Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) offers the most robust and reliable solution; however, MCS is time consuming and unable to support prompt risk decisions. To relieve the computational burden, a novel probabilistic method—AMETA (Aircraft Maintenance Event Tree Analysis)—was developed, which combines the generality of random simulations with the efficiency of analytical probabilistic methods. AMETA consists of a fatigue maintenance event tree and a probabilistic algorithm comprising a set of probabilistic equations. AMETA systematically transforms a complex random maintenance pattern requiring a large number (in the order of billions) of MCSs to more logical and manageable fatigue paths represented by a finite set of probabilistic events to achieve the required computational accuracy and efficiency. Furthermore, the Importance Sampling Method (ISM) can be used for efficiency improvement. In this paper, the accuracy, efficiency and robustness of AMETA are verified and demonstrated. A procedure was provided to select the most suitable sampling functions for ISM. It is found that AMETA is several orders of magnitude more efficient than MCS for the same level of accuracy.
(Un)Restricting feminism: High school students’ definitions of gender and feminism in the context of the historic struggle for women’s rights

There are multiple benefits to women’s history, including identifying women’s experiences as historically significant and recognizing the variety of perspectives of historical actors. Engaging stud...
The Complexity of Counting Cycles in the Adjacency List Streaming Model

We study the problem of counting cycles in the adjacency list streaming model, fully resolving in which settings there exist sublinear space algorithms. Our main upper bound is a two-pass algorithm for estimating triangles that uses $\wtO (m/T^2/3 )$ space, where m is the edge count and T is the triangle count of the graph. On the other hand, we show that no sublinear space multipass algorithm exists for counting $\ell$-cycles for $\ell \geq 5$. Finally, we show that counting 4-cycles is intermediate: sublinear space algorithms exist in multipass but not single-pass settings.
A Politics of Redaction and Racial Justice in Digital Education Reform

In this comparative ethnographic case study, Ethan Chang examines the politics of digital education reform. Drawing on new institutional theory and boundary work, he investigates how two digital te...
Llegaron en sus canoa: innovación gramatical en el español de la Amazonía peruana

This study investigates the cognitive and functional motivations behind the emergence of an innovative construction in Peruvian Amazonian Spanish. In this variety, the head of a noun phrase does not necessarilyagree in number with its modifier, when this is a possessive pronoun. Thus, noun phrases with number mismatch, such as sus canoa ‘their canoe,’ are common. A previous study found that the probabilitiesof using this innovative pattern increase when the pronoun makes anaphoric reference to multiple individuals. The present study examines exclusively contexts with multiple possessors to identify the parameters behind the alternation between concordant and discordant patterns. The variables that play a role are the gender of the speaker and the animacy of the possessor and the possessed. The use of the innovative pattern is slightly more frequent among women, and when the possessive pronoun refers to multiple entities high in animacy and the possessed noun to an entity low in animacy.
Baseball, Legal Doctrines, and Judicial Deference to an Agency’s Interpretation of the Law: Kisor v. Wilkie

In Bowles v. Seminole Rock & Sand Co. 325 U.S. 410 (1945), and Auer v. Robbins, 519 U.S. 452 (1997), the Supreme Court held that a court must accept an agency’s construction of a vague or ambiguous rule unless the agency’s interpretation conflicts with the rule’s text. After two decades of criticism that agencies should not be free to delegate to themselves the final authority to adjudicate a legal issue, the Supreme Court decided to re-examine Seminole Rock and Auer. In Kisor v. Wilkie, a fractured majority of the Court decided to rewrite those decisions rather than overturn them, at least at this time — a “mend it, don’t end it” approach to administrative law. Those decisions survived, albeit in an entirely different form. Seminole Rock and Auer now far more closely resemble Chevron than their original opinions. Whether that is good or bad, and whether the Court will revisit the legitimacy of Seminole Rock and Auer, remains to be seen.
Analysis of Computational Models to Describe Individual Decision-Making Process

Understanding the human decision-making process and evaluating the quality of these decisions has been the focus of many researchers. Previously, we proposed a computational, cognitive framework called the Double Transition Model (DTM) to study human decision-making processes. We applied it to simulate a couple of scenarios developed through a naval warfare simulation game called Steel Ocean. This framework concentrated on the cognitive process of an individual’s decision-making process and capturing his cognitive style. One of the key functionalities of this framework has been to provide a reward distribution indicating the quality of decisions made under certain conditions. In this paper, we present a rigorous investigation of our models capturing individual characteristics with respect to decision-making style and the reward distributions. In particular, our models explored the following questions: 1) whether individual models are different from each other like human beings are; 2) whether these models exhibit particular decision-making styles; and 3) whether these models can capture different situations as human beings do. We evaluated the capability of our models capturing these individuals’ characteristics by comparing multiple DTMs against each other, each built from a couple of individuals under various circumstances. We confirmed that individual characteristics could be captured in the DTMs. Furthermore, we compared individuals’ trajectories (i.e., a sequence of decisions) identified by multiple DTMs in addition to their associated neighbors to verify that decision-making process in various social conditions could be described with DTMs. Our empirical study was conducted on two sets of real-world data: Supervisory Control Operations User Testbed (SCOUT) and the naval warfare simulation game (Steel Ocean).
Scalp Cooling: A Patient's Experience.

CASE STUDY Ms. X is a 23-year-old female who presented to clinic with stage 2A endometrial cancer of the ovary. At her first visit, Ms. X was prescribed paclitaxel and carboplatin on day 1 for 6 cycles. During the visit, the nurse noted Ms. X could not keep her hands out of her hair; she continually played with it. The nurse, judging by Ms. X’s body language, suspected she valued her hair. Ms. X revealed she had been doing some research and wanted to use a cold cap to try and prevent alopecia during her treatment. On the first day of chemotherapy, Ms. X came to the clinic with her mother. They brought a manual cap for scalp cooling and a cooler of dry ice. Her mother was to serve as a "capper" and change the cap at 20- to 30-minute intervals during treatment to keep her scalp cool. Ms. X was made comfortable in an infusion bed, and the cap was applied 30 minutes prior to the start of therapy. Ms. X’s mother changed the dry ice caps every 20 minutes throughout the infusion. Ms. X then left it on for 90 minutes following her chemotherapy. After 6 cycles of chemotherapy, Ms. X still had all her hair. She appeared to have retained 100% of her hair, although she estimates that she lost about 5% of her hair. During therapy, she followed the instructions outlined in Table 1. Ms. X reported that she rented the cap for $500 per month and paid $45 per week for the dry ice. Her mother also had to miss work to be the "capper," and this added to the out-of-pocket costs of scalp cooling.
Plant-level dynamic modeling of a commercial-scale molten salt reactor system

Abstract Ongoing research by the authors has led to a dynamic modeling approach that was verified against experimental data from the Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE). These lumped-parameter models, characterizing the reactor dynamics, are nonlinear and represent changes in mass, energy, and temperature in all parts of the reactor plant. The reactivity feedback effects due to changes in temperature and Xe-135 concentration are taken into account. These models can be used to study both the time and frequency response to perturbations caused during normal operating conditions and during anomalies resulting from failure of certain sub-systems. A plant-level dynamic model of a representative molten salt reactor system developed based on the same methodology is presented here. A once-through steam generator providing superheated steam and reheated-regenerative Rankine cycle balance-of-plant system are coupled to the plant model. Results from simulation are presented for various transients and the resulting response of the plant is analyzed. Frequency response of the plant is also presented for various boundary conditions on the secondary side. Modeling results suggest that the inherent temperature-related feedbacks result in load-following characteristics that can be leveraged to engineer control systems offering a great deal of autonomy.
Predicting severe clinical events by learning about life-saving actions and outcomes using distant supervision.

Medical error is a leading cause of patient death in the United States. Among the different types of medical errors, harm to patients caused by doctors missing early signs of deterioration is especially challenging to address due to the heterogeneity of patients' physiological patterns. In this study, we implemented risk prediction models using the gradient boosted tree method to derive risk estimates for acute onset diseases in the near future. The prediction model uses physiological variables as input signals and the time of the administration of outcome-related interventions and discharge diagnoses as labels. We examine four categories of acute onset illness: acute heart failure (AHF), acute lung injury (ALI), acute kidney injury (AKI), and acute liver failure (ALF). To develop and test the model, we consider data from two sources: 23,578 admissions to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) from the MIMIC-3 dataset (Beth-Israel Hospital) and 16,612 ICU admissions on hospitals affiliated with our institution (University of Washington Medical Center and Harborview Medical Center, the UW-CDR dataset). We systematically identify outcome-related interventions for each acute organ failure, then use them, along with discharge diagnoses, to label proxy events to train gradient boosted trees. The trained models achieve the highest F1 score with a value of 0.6018 when predicting the need for life-saving interventions for ALI within the next 24 h in the MIMIC-3 dataset while showing a median F1 score of 0.3850 from all acute organ failures in both datasets. The approach also achieves the highest F1 score of 0.6301 when classifying a patient's ALI status at the time of discharge from the MIMIC-3 dataset, with a median F1 score of 0.4307 in both datasets. This study shows the potential for using the time of outcome-related intervention administrations and discharge diagnoses as labels to train supervised machine learning models that predict the risk of acute onset illnesses.
Is checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis underreported in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) on PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy?

9579Background: For patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), immunotherapy (ImT) has led to improvements in survival and quality of life. Checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) is...
Extended Abstract: Plain Language in the Sciences: A Qualitative Meta-Study of Research

Research on plain-language communication has been conducted across many fields, making it difficult for technical communication scholars and practitioners to engage with it. This presentation provides the preliminary findings of a qualitative meta-analysis that compiles and synthesizes this wide scope of recent research. The session focuses on a subset of the larger project: plain language in the sciences. I will first present a summary of the research from the sciences, mapping questions and findings related to plain language, its effectiveness, and its goals. Second, I consider this research in light of technical communication’s calls toward social justice and the role plain language may play in those efforts. I look at the ways these outside studies conceptualize users and whether they account for the social, material, and historical contexts of user communities through the use of plain language.
Retention of rising droplets in density stratification

Timescales relating to the retention of oil droplets in a two-layer stratification are studied using laboratory experiments. It is shown that retention is primarily driven by the gradual recovery of a droplet from its velocity minimum to the upper-layer terminal velocity. The timescales associated with this process are governed by the Reynolds and Froude numbers, as defined by upper-layer characteristics.
Aston Martin: The Crossover Conundrum

In March 2009, Ulrich Bez, CEO of British carmaker Aston Martin Lagonda Ltd., found himself grappling with some tough news from Switzerland. The company had just debuted a novel car concept, its first crossover model under its rarely used historic Lagonda brand, at the Geneva Motor Show, but the negative press criticizing the four-wheel drive, four-seater car's design and concept was troubling and unexpected. Excerpt UVA-S-0298 Rev. Mar. 15, 2018 Aston Martin: The Crossover Conundrum In crisis periods, such as the one we survived in 2008 and 2009, first and foremost you need strong leadership and judgement. —Ulrich Bez In March 2009, Ulrich Bez, CEO of British carmaker Aston Martin Lagonda Ltd. (Aston Martin), found himself grappling with some tough news from Switzerland. The company had just debuted a novel car concept at the Geneva Motor Show, its first SUV crossover model under its rarely used Lagonda brand, but the press criticizing the car's design and concept was troubling and unexpected. One popular industry blog went so far as to mock the car's visual identity: . . .
Exploring the prognostic and therapeutic utility of expanded mutation profiling in appendix peritoneal metastasis managed with CRS/HIPEC

Introduction Interrogation of cancers with next-generation sequencing (NGS) mutation panels has become widely utilized, identifying prognostic and actionable mutations. This study explored the value of expanded mutation analysis in appendix peritoneal metastases (APM). Methods Forty-eight APM patients treated 2013-2018 were retrospectively collected from a registry. Fifty-gene NGS analysis was performed in CLIA approved lab to obtain mutation profiles. All patients underwent cytoreductive surgery (CRS)/hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) with mitomycin C. Peritoneal cancer index (PCI), optimal CRS, survival (overall survival [OS] and progression-free survival [PFS]) data were collected. Survival analyses were performed on all APM, high-grade (HG), and low grade (LG) subsets, evaluating the impact of specific mutations on the outcome. Results Eighty-three percent of APM had a mutation identified. KRAS was most frequent, 65% (88% LG 42% HG) with GNAS identified in 92% of LG-APM. SMAD4 and/or TP53 mutations occurred in 25% of APM with observed decreased OS (46 vs. 81 months p = .0029); worse in HG-APM (26 vs. 49 months p = .0451). SMAD4 was associated with the most significant reduction in PFS in APM (p = .0085). Actionable mutations were identified in 73% of APM patients. Conclusions Most frequent mutations were KRAS, TP53, and SMAD4, and actionable mutation detection was common. SMAD4 and TP53 were associated with decreased OS. NGS mutation profiling has potential utility in APM.
Academic enablers as dynamic moderators: Exploring academic enablers and achievement across elementary school.

Abstract The purpose of the current study was to advance the understanding of the cross-grade dynamics of academic enablers in three ways: (a) to compare overall levels of academic enablers across children's elementary school years, (b) to determine if the relationship between academic enablers and academic achievement remained consistent across children's elementary school years, and (c) to determine if the interrelationships between academic enablers remained consistent across elementary school. We examined cross-grade dynamics using a sample of elementary-aged children (N = 536) and structural equation modeling methodology to compare primary (K–3rd grade) and intermediate (4th–5th grade) students. After establishing measurement invariance, we tested whether (a) academic enabler means and variances were equivalent for younger and older elementary students, (b) the relationships between academic enablers and academic achievement were equivalent for younger and older elementary students, and (c) the interrelations between academic enablers were equivalent for younger versus older students. The findings revealed few differences in mean levels of academic enablers but several differences in the relationships between academic enablers and academic achievement, as well as academic enabler interrelations across grade groups. Implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed.
Machine Learning in Hardware Security

The ever-increasing demand for higher computing capabilities constantly pushes the development of the semiconductor industry and is making modern hardware an extremely complicated artifact. However, with the increased complexity of today’s hardware systems, their security is also challenged by various vulnerabilities coming from different perspectives. Hardware-related security, as an emerging research area, has been gaining more attention during the past decades. As a result, more novel attacks and corresponding countermeasures are being proposed almost every day. The complexity of modern hardware systems makes many conventional methodologies reaching the limit of their analytical capabilities, and new powerful methods and tools are in urgent need to study hardware security problems. Thanks to the significant development of machine learning, numerous advanced analytical methodologies and tools become directly available and applicable to hardware security research, which greatly enhances the ability of both hardware designers and attackers. To present readers the important role played by machine learning in today’s hardware security, this chapter presents the application of machine learning in different hardware security areas, such as IP protection, Trojan detection, side-channel analysis/attacks, hardware security primitives, and architectural vulnerabilities, and highlights future research directions.
Emotion Depends on Context, Culture, and Their Interaction: Evidence from Effective Connectivity.

Situated models of emotion hypothesize that emotions are optimized for the context at hand, but most neuroimaging approaches ignore context. For the first time, we applied Granger causality (GC) analysis to determine how an emotion is affected by a person's cultural background and situation. Electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings were taken from mainland Chinese and US participants as they viewed and rated fearful and neutral images displaying either social or non-social contexts. Independent components analysis (ICA) and GC analysis was applied to determine the epoch of peak effect for each condition and to identify sources and sinks among brain regions of interest. We found that source-sink couplings differed across culture, situation, and culture x situation. Mainland Chinese participants alone showed preference for an early-onset source-sink pairing with the supramarginal gyrus as a causal source, suggesting that, relative to US participants, Chinese participants more strongly prioritized a scene's social aspects in their response to fearful scenes. Our findings suggest that the neural representation of fear indeed varies according to both culture, situation, and their interaction in ways that are consistent with norms instilled by cultural background.
Comparing the Use of Flexible and Rigid Reaming Systems Through an Anteromedial Portal for Femoral Tunnel Creation During Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review.

Background:Recent studies have suggested that femoral tunnel drilling during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) with the use of a flexible reaming system through a standard ante...
Improved diagnostics and clinical applications for the detection and control of proliferative enteropathy

Proliferative Enteropathy (ileitis, PE) is a common intestinal disease affecting susceptible pigs raised under various management systems around the world. Major developments in the understanding of PE and its causative agent, Lawsonia intracellularis, have occurred that have led to advances in the detection of this disease and methods to control and prevent it. Diagnostic tools have improved overall detection and early onset of PE in pigs includes various serological and molecular-based assays. Histological tests such as immunohistochemistry continue to be the gold standard in confirming Lawsonia-specific lesions in pigs post mortem. Despite extreme difficulties in isolating L. intracellularis, innovations in the cultivation and the development of pure culture challenge models, have opened doors to better characterization of the pathogenesis of PE through in vivo and in vitro L. intracellularis-host interactions. Advancements in molecular research such as the genetic sequencing of the entire Lawsonia genome have provided ways to identify various immunogens, metabolic pathways and methods for understanding the epidemiology 1 Department of Biological Research and Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedia Inc., 2501 N. Loop Dr., Ames, IA 50010. 2 Corresponding author: jkroll@bi-vetmedica.com. 3 Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011.
On the interactions of Ti2AlC, Ti3AlC2, Ti3SiC2 and Cr2AlC with silicon carbide and pyrolytic carbon at 1300 °C ☆

Abstract Herein we report on the reactivity between silicon carbide, SiC, and pyrolytic carbon, PG, with the MAX phases, Ti 2 AlC, Ti 3 AlC 2 , Ti 3 SiC 2 and Cr 2 AlC. Diffusion couples were assembled and heated to 1300 °C under a load corresponding to a uniaxial stress of ∼30 MPa for 4, 10, and 30 h in a vacuum hot press, at a vacuum level of less than 1 Pa. The couples were then examined using optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and orientation image microscopy. Based on the totality of the results – after 30 h at 1300 °C – it is concluded that neither Ti 3 SiC 2 nor Cr 2 AlC appear to react with SiC. The former also appears not to react with PG. When heated in the vacuum of the hot press, both Ti 2 AlC and Ti 3 AlC 2 dissociated to form TiC surface layers that were ≈15–20 μm thick. After reaction of Ti 2 AlC with SiC and PG, the TiC layer was only ≈10 μm thick, indirectly confirming that the dissociation of these phases in vacuum was due to the Al evaporation from the surfaces. The Ti 3 AlC 2 /SiC and Ti 3 AlC 2 /PG diffusion couples resulted in TiC layers that were ≈50 μm and ≈100 μm thick, respectively. The Cr 2 AlC/PG diffusion couple resulted in the formation of ≈10 μm interfacial layer comprised of Cr 3 C 2 and Cr 7 C 3 at the interface between the two materials.
Stability analysis of uncertain systems with saturation constraints

In the present paper we establish new sufficient conditions for the global asymptotic stability of uncertain linear systems described by ordinary differential equations under saturation constraints. We consider systems operating on the unit hypercube in Rn (where all states are subject to saturation constraints) and systems with partial state saturation constraints (where only some of the states are subject to saturation constraints). Systems of the type which we consider are widely used in several areas of applications, including control systems, signal processing, and artificial neural networks. We demonstrate the usefulness of our results by means of two specific examples.
Abortion and informed consent requirements

Supreme Court decisions have liberalized a woman's right to decide whether to obtain an abortion. Some state and local governments have tried to circumvent these decisions by enacting requirements designed to discourage abortions by, among other things, dictating to physicians an elaborate litany of specific information that must be communicated to a patient as a necessary precondition of her informed consent for an abortion. This article discusses the legal status of such requirements, their implications for the professional autonomy of physicians, and the role of the medical profession in challenging these restrictions, on its own behalf and in concert with its patients.
Management in a polarized Latin American region: special issue introduction

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce the special issue which aims to provide a better understanding of the extent of regional polarization across different economic sectors and its impact on the business environment and strategies of firms in Latin America. Design/methodology/approach – This paper introduces the topic of regional polarization, summarizes the findings from the articles in this special issue, and offers directions for future research. Findings – The macro studies showed that polarization has impacted the agricultural and sector contributions to economic growth, FDI and remittance flows to the region, and created different competitive business environments in the Brazil and Mexico-led clusters. On the other hand, these studies show uniformity in the contribution of manufacturing to growth and superior women loan repayment performance across the region. The micro level studies showed convincingly that firms have to nurture different sets of competencies in the Mexican and Brazi...
Length based attack and braid groups: cryptanalysis of Anshel-Anshel-Goldfeld key exchange protocol

The length based attack on Anshel-Anshel-Goldfeld commutator key-exchange protocol [1] was initially proposed by Hughes and Tannenbaum in [9]. Several attempts have been made to implement the attack [6], but none of them had produced results convincing enough to believe that attack works. In this paper we show that accurately designed length based attack can successfully break a random instance of the simultaneous conjugacy search problem for certain parameter values and argue that the public/private information chosen uniformly random leads to weak keys.
The Accounting Education Change Commission: A Critical Perspective

Abstract Since its formation in 1989, the Accounting Education Change Commission (AECC) has operated as a self-styled “catalyst” for change in the content, structure and scope of accounting education. In this article, the formation, composition and activities of the AECC are examined within a historical context and from a critical perspective. Questions are raised concerning the lack of independence of the Commission and the likelihood that the AECC has been “captured” by the accounting firms which have financed its operation. Further questions are raised as to whether the interests of all stakeholders have been adequately represented in the Commission's initiatives.