cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improving Your Argument By Identifying A Literature Gap

More often than not, a peer-reviewed journal article’s literature review is a boring to read as it is to write. However, literature reviews do not need to be laborious for all involved. Instead, the best literature reviews offer a crisp view of a researcher’s landscape and succinctly provides a compelling case for critical research that needs to be done in order to move the field forward. In order to provide readers with a useful literature review, it is critical that authors avoid providing paragraph after paragraph describing a summative chronology of the topic in the literature, but instead provide a critical synthesis of what is known, and what is not known about a topic. In the end, if the reader is convinced of what will be known and advanced as a result of a researcher undertaking the considerable time and effort to conduct and publish a given study, the reader is much more likely to cite your paper downstream in their own work.
A caregiver educational program: A video program to promote aging services technologies awareness.

Research demonstrated that aging services technologies (ASTs) can reduce caregiver burden. However, ASTs are underutilized by caregivers due to poor awareness. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a video-based educational program to increase caregiver AST knowledge among 43 caregivers. Paired sample t-tests showed positive change in AST knowledge, stigma, and intention to engage in AST activities post-program. Caregivers endorsed highly positive AST views pre- and post-program without statistically significant change. Group by time repeated measures ANOVAs showed younger caregivers ( 65 years old). A significant interaction revealed caregivers of individuals who had fewer, but not more, domains of functional limitation reported a positive change in AST attitude post-program. The video program appeared to be beneficial to all caregivers, who provided vastly positive program feedback.
Foot and shoe responsible for majority of soft tissue work in early stance of walking

Abstract Soft tissues located throughout the human body are known to perform substantial mechanical work through wobbling and deforming, particularly following foot impacts with the ground. Yet, it is not known which specific tissues in the body are responsible for the majority of the soft tissue work. The purpose of this study was to quantify how much of the soft tissue work after foot contact was due to the foot and shoe, vs. from tissues elsewhere in the body, and how this distribution of work changed with walking speed and slope. We collected ground reaction forces and whole-body kinematics while ten subjects walked at five speeds (0.8–1.6 m/s) and on seven different slopes (9 degrees downhill to 9 degrees uphill). Using a previously-published Energy-Accounting analysis, we found that the majority of the soft tissue work during early stance was due to deformation of the foot and shoe. The percentage of work did not vary significantly with speed but did vary significantly with slope. The foot and shoe were responsible for ∼60–70% of the soft tissue work during level and uphill walking, and 80–90% during downhill walking.
Development and Usability of a Low-Cost Kinect Game to Promote Movement Competence in Children with and Without Intellectual Disability

Many children fail to meet recommendations for daily physical activity (PA). Skills like jumping and hopping indicate movement competence may positively shape PA trajectory. Because these skills are learned, it is important that children are exposed to them early. This paper presents the development and usability assessment of a low-cost 2.5D Kinect scroller obstacle avoidance game that integrates player ability and makes game object spatial properties editable using a text file. Seven children (age ± SD: 5.7 ± 1.5 years; height: 117.3 ± 12.4 cm; mass: 24.4 ± 8.0 kg) participated in the assessment. The game was developed using Unity game engine. The input device was Kinect v2. The objective of the game is to negotiate obstacles along the travel path and cross the finish line. Participants avoided obstacles by jumping, hopping, ducking, and sliding. Participants answered questions related to gameplay difficulty, discomfort, and desire to play the game again. Eighty six percent of participants had positive general impressions of the game, 14% reported feeling dizzy or experiencing pain/discomfort during gameplay, and 86% reported jumping as the difficult movement during gameplay. All participants reported that they would play again and felt the game could help them. It is concluded that young children found the game appealing and physically beneficial. Since the game is intended to help children practice joint stiffness regulation and improve their movement competence, future assessments should determine the longitudinal effect of exposure to the game on these parameters.
Digital forensics: pre-conference workshop

This workshop demonstrates selected topics from an introductory digital forensics course within the context of a class project. Topics include general cell phone forensics, Windows forensics, data carving, forensic imaging, file signature analysis, registry analysis, volatile memory analysis, and other selected topics. The presenter taught this course during the Spring 2011 semester, and the final class project was to write, produce, and perform a short play that demonstrates potential uses and methods of digital forensics in a legal investigation. Students were to draw from the knowledge and skills gained from their lab experiences, which were the primary method of instruction throughout the course. In this tutorial, the attendees will see recorded scenes from that class project, and watch demonstrations of several techniques and tools demonstrated in the play.
Parvovirus B19-Associated Graft Failure after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Background Parvovirus B19 (PVB19) is a single-stranded DNA virus that infects erythroid progenitor cells, classically causing a pure red cell aplasia, but sometimes causing fulminant pancytopenia. PVB19 has been implicated in solid organ allograft failure, but no such literature exists for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). PVB19 may be an underappreciated complication in allo-HSCT. Methods Retrospective report of two pediatric patients diagnosed with PVB19 infection and allo-HSCT graft failure. Results Case #1: 1 year-old male with leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) received reduced intensity conditioning with alemtuzumab, fludarabine, thiotepa, and melphalan, followed by a 10/10 HLA- matched, ABO-compatible, sibling donor bone marrow graft (4.85 × 108 TNC/kg and 9.74 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg). He achieved neutrophil and platelet engraftment by days +23 and +25, respectively. Day +29 chimerism was 100% donor unseparated. Patient had biopsy-proven acute GI GVHD at day +77, responsive to systemic steroids. Evaluation for unexplained transfusion-dependent normocytic normochromic anemia at day +88 revealed PVB19 by PCR (3900 copies/mL). Patient had history of intermittent, non-palpable, and non-specific blanching erythematous rash. At day +105, donor chimerism decreased to 9% unseparated and 5% myeloid engraftment. Flow cytometry revealed repopulation of original LAD phenotype, confirming secondary graft failure. The patient received a second allo-HSCT using the same donor at day +225. Case #2: 13 year-old male with acute myeloid leukemia received myeloablative conditioning with fludarabine and busulfan followed by a T cell-replete, 5/10 HLA-mismatched, ABO-compatible, sibling bone marrow graft (3.60 × 108 TNC/kg and 4.51 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg). GVHD prophylaxis included post-transplant cyclophosphamide, tacrolimus, and mycophenolate mofetil. He achieved neutrophil engraftment by day +16. Patient had non-specific blanching rash with bone pain during the post-HSCT recovery period. Patient had low level CMV viremia treated with ganciclovir and valganciclovir early post-HSCT. Day +26 donor chimerism showed 89% unseparated and 100% myeloid engraftment. Patient developed pancytopenia unresponsive to G-CSF. Bone marrow exam on day +40 showed mixed chimerism, no recurrent AML, but detectable PVB19 by PCR. Blood PVB19 PCR was positive (312 copies/mL). The patient was diagnosed with secondary graft failure with persistent severe pancytopenia. He received a rescue allo-HSCT from the same donor at day + 69. Conclusions There are many risk factors and potential confounders in determining the exact etiology of graft failure after allo-HSCT. These two cases highlight the importance of including PVB19 PCR in the diagnostic evaluation for graft failure. PVB19 infection may be an important risk factor for allo-HSCT graft failure.
Generating and Detecting Solvable Chaos at Radio Frequencies with Consideration to Multi-User Ranging

High entropy waveforms exhibit desirable correlation properties in radar and sonar applications when multiple systems are used in close proximity. Unfortunately, the information content of these signals can impose high sampling requirements for digital detection techniques. Solvable chaotic oscillators have been proposed to address such issues due to their simple, matched filters, where hardware has been demonstrated with a bandwidth of 10-20 kHz. To extend applications of these systems, we present theory, design, and experimental verification of solvable chaos at 1 MHz using simple off-the-shelf components. The waveforms produced by this system were propagated over a 2.45 GHz RF link and detected with an RLC-based, purely analog matched filter. Further, we show that properties of this special class of chaotic systems can be exploited to yield RF noise sources that are generally advantageous for multi-user ranging applications when compared to conventional techniques. The result is a simple, low-cost, and potentially low-power RF ranging system that requires very little digital signal processing.
Teaching Drugs: Incorporating Drug Policy into Law School Curriculum

Despite the significant impact of laws and policies surrounding controlled substances, few classes in the typical law school curriculum focus on either basic legal doctrines or broader scholarship in this field. This gap in law school curricula is especially problematic given the shifts in the landscapes of legalized cannabis and hemp, as well as the range of legal and policy responses to the recent opioid crisis. To better understand how law schools currently approach these issues and to identify how drug policy and law could be better incorporated into law school curricula, we conducted two surveys of all accredited law schools in the U.S. and hosted a workshop of legal scholars who work in this space. The surveys and workshop were designed to identify law school courses currently taught and the primary obstacles to teaching this subject matter. The results show that the vast majority of law schools do not teach courses touching on drugs or the evolving legal structures around cannabis, and this is true even for law schools located in states with legalized cannabis markets.
The Economics of Violence

How do we understand illicit violence? Can we prevent it? Building on behavioral science and economics, this book begins with the idea that humans are more predictable than we like to believe, and this ability to model human behavior applies equally well to leaders of violent and coercive organizations as it does to everyday people. Humans ultimately seek survival for themselves and their communities in a world of competition. While the dynamics of 'us vs. them' are divisive, they also help us to survive. Access to increasingly larger markets, facilitated through digital communications and social media, creates more transnational opportunities for deception, coercion, and violence. If the economist's perspective helps to explain violence, then it must also facilitate insights into promoting peace and security. If we can approach violence as behavioral scientists, then we can also better structure our institutions to create policies that make the world a more secure place, for us and for future generations.
Levels of 237 Np Excited by the 236 U( 3 He, d) 237 Np and 236 U(α, t) 237 Np Reactions

The $^{236}\mathrm{U}(^{3}\mathrm{He}, d)^{237}\mathrm{Np}$ and $^{236}\mathrm{U}(\ensuremath{\alpha}, t)^{237}\mathrm{Np}$ reactions were studied with 30-MeV $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ and $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ beams. Rotational bands built upon the following Nilsson proton configurations in $^{237}\mathrm{Np}$ were identified: ${\frac{5}{2}}^{+}[642]$ (0 keV), ${\frac{5}{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}}[523]$ (60 keV), ${\mathrm{\textonehalf{}}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$[530] (268 keV), ${\frac{3}{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}}[521]$ (514 keV). Experimental spectroscopic factors are compared with theoretical ones computed for Woods-Saxon and harmonic-oscillator-type nuclear potentials. A strong $l$ dependence of the cross-section ratio $\frac{d\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\alpha}, t)}{d\ensuremath{\sigma}(^{3}\mathrm{He}, d)}$ has been observed.
Stroke Treatment in the Setting of Systemic Disease

While the possible stroke risks for more prevalent conditions, such as cardiac disease or cancer, are important to recognize, there are other equally devastating systemic diseases that can affect younger adults and, if not cautious, may be misdiagnosed if stroke is the initial presentation. We aim to discuss treatments of three rarer, but important systemic diseases associated with an increased incidence of ischemic stroke, specifically sickle cell anemia, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and Takayasu’s arteritis. Given that individuals with these diseases are now living longer, there is increasingly a two-pronged approach to therapy in order to both (1) control the underlying disease process and (2) address traditional stroke-risk factors. Ischemic stroke in a patient with HIV may be due to accelerated atherosclerosis, tobacco abuse, or other traditional stroke-risk factors. Therefore, stroke prevention and management are similar to that of the general population. Stroke in HIV can be due to opportunistic infections, in which case the underlying infection should be treated aggressively. For patients with sickle cell anemia, the focus of treatment is on decreasing HbS to prevent further stroke. Patients with Takayasu’s arteritis are treated with immunosuppression to decrease inflammation and prevent stroke.
Location and Intergenerational Educational Mobility

High school dropouts are more likely to have children in cities where college share is high, while those who received greater education are less likely to have children in these cities. This pattern is puzzling as cities that attract college graduates have higher cost of living, and can be more expensive to raise children, especially for the least educated households. We provide one compelling explanation for why the less educated households locate in high skilled cities – better education for their children. Using the Census and ACS data from 1980 to 2010, our study finds that children in ages 16 to 24 living with a high school dropout head are more likely be enrolled in school in cities with high share of college graduates. We do not find such relationship for children of parents with higher educational attainment. These results hold after addressing endogeneity and self-selection. Further, by examining PUMAs within MSAs, we find that peer effect provides a strong explanation of why the children of the least educated receive most educational benefit from living in a high skilled city. Our findings suggest that location can have greater impact for the children in households with less resource to support them.
Editorial Commentary: A Simple Twist of Fate: The Ramifications of Abnormal Femoral Version.

Abstract The abnormalities of femoral twist or version, whether increased anteversion or retroversion, are frequently overlooked. These skeletal aberrations are responsible for a host of hip problems such as impingement, instability and damage to the labrum and articular cartilage, often resulting in osteoarthritis if left untreated. In addition to the intrinsic hip damage, extra articular problems such as posterior hip impingement, pelvic tendonopathies, problems with gait and sitting as well as spinal decompensation are also very common. It is incumbent upon those who manage hip problems to be aware of the damage caused by femoral version abnormalities and the treatment options available.
Determination and Persistence: Building the African American Teacher Corps through Summer and Intermittent Teaching, 1860s-1890s.

This paper explores trends in summer and intermittent teaching practices among African American students in the post-Civil War South, focusing on student activities in the field, the institutions they attended, and the communities they served. Transitioning out of the restrictions and impoverishment of slavery while simultaneously seeking to support themselves and others was an arduous and tenuous process. How could African American youth and young adults obtain the advanced education they sought while sustaining themselves in the process? Individual and family resources were limited for most, while ambitions, both personal and racial, loomed large. Teaching, widely recognized as a means to racial uplift, was the future occupation of choice for many of these students.
Crosstalk, not resource competition, as a source of dual-task costs: Evidence from manipulating stimulus-action effect conceptual compatibility.

Two related accounts of dual-task costs—multiple resource competition and crosstalk—explain why costs can be reduced when there is less overlap between the two tasks. However, distinguishing between competition for limited resources and crosstalk between concurrently performed operations has proven difficult. In the present study, we compared these two accounts with a dual-task paradigm in which participants were required to coordinate visual-manual and auditory-manual tasks with experimentally induced action effects. Critically, stimulus and response modalities were constant across conditions; what differed was the conceptual relationship between stimuli and action effects such that conceptual overlap was present either within or between tasks. We observed larger dual-task costs when related conceptual codes were present between tasks. We conclude that these results are best supported by the crosstalk account and that postresponse action effects are integrated into task representations engaged by central operations during response selection.
Dynamic Pricing with Unknown Non-Parametric Demand and Limited Price Changes

We consider the dynamic pricing problem of a retailer who does not have any information on the underlying demand for a product. The retailer aims to maximize cumulative revenue collected over a finite time horizon by balancing two objectives: \textit{learning} demand and \textit{maximizing} revenue. The retailer also seeks to reduce the amount of price experimentation because of the potential costs associated with price changes. Existing literature solves this problem in the case where the unknown demand is parametric. We consider the pricing problem when demand is non-parametric. We construct a pricing algorithm that uses piecewise linear approximations of the unknown demand function and establish when the proposed policy achieves near-optimal rate of regret, \tilde{O}(\sqrt{T}), while making O(\log \log T) price changes. Hence, we show considerable reduction in price changes from the previously known \mathcal{O}(\log T) rate of price change guarantee in the literature. We also perform extensive numerical experiments to show that the algorithm substantially improves over existing methods in terms of the total price changes, with comparable performance on the cumulative regret metric.
Staging exocrine pancreatic dysfunction

Abstract Digestive capacity of the gastrointestinal tract, largely but not wholly, depends on exocrine pancreatic function to achieve near complete digestion and absorption of ingested food. Coefficient of fat absorption (CFA), the proportion of ingested fat absorbed (normal >93%), reflects digestive capacity. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is the state of insufficient digestive capacity (CFA
Experimental Basis for an Input/Output Model of the Hippocampal Formation

This chapter focuses on the problem of developing biologically realistic models of complex neural systems typical of those found in the mammalian brain. In a specific application to the hippocampus, it is demonstrated that the nonlinear dynamics of the system and its elements can be determined experimentally by electrically stimulating its major intrinsic afferents with an input that approximates a Poisson process. Through cross-correlation techniques, the input/output properties of the neural elements tested can be modeled as the kernels of a functional power series. Experimental elimination of feedforward and feedback pathways is used to study progressively more elemental units of the system, eventually allowing the characterization of nonlinear response characteristics of individual neurons in an open-loop condition. A strategy for extending this approach to obtain a representation of the global system is described.
Pharmacogenomics of Hypertension and Heart Disease

Heart disease is a leading cause of death in the United States, and hypertension is a predominant risk factor. Thus, effective blood pressure control is important to prevent adverse sequelae of hypertension, including heart failure, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, and ischemic stroke. Over half of Americans have uncontrolled blood pressure, which may in part be explained by interpatient variability in drug response secondary to genetic polymorphism. As such, pharmacogenetic testing may be a supplementary tool to guide treatment. This review highlights the pharmacogenetics of antihypertensive response and response to drugs that treat adverse hypertension-related sequelae, particularly coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation. While pharmacogenetic evidence may be more robust for the latter with respect to clinical implementation, there is increasing evidence of genetic variants that may help predict antihypertensive response. However, additional research and validation are needed before clinical implementation guidelines for antihypertensive therapy can become a reality.
Targeting AML stem/progenitor cells by combinational therapy with SMAC mimetics and demethylating agents

Chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) principally induces intrinsic apoptosis in circulating leukemic blasts. Unfortunately, standard therapy is relatively ineffective in eliminating AML stem/progenitor cells that drive leukemogenesis. The inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) protein family are critical regulators of cell survival. IAP proteins, in particular cIAP1 and cIAP2, have drawn great attention in recent years as targets for cancer therapy due to the development of SMAC mimetics. We discovered that the expressions of cIAP1, which primarily inhibits the extrinsic apoptosis pathway and a main target of SMAC mimetics, and caspase-8, the key caspase of the extrinsic apoptosis were significantly higher in AML stem/progenitor cells than in bulk AML cells. Conversely, the expression of SMAC, an endogenous antagonist of IAP proteins, was significantly lower by comparison. We investigated the therapeutic potential of targeting IAPs by SMAC mimetics in AML and reported that the novel SMAC mimetic birinapant effectively induced apoptosis in AML cells, including AML stem/progenitor cells. This effect was present even in leukemic cells co-cultured with bone marrow derived-mesenchymal stromal cells under hypoxic conditions representative of the bone marrow microenvironment. Furthermore, this anti-leukemia activity was enhanced in vitro and in vivo by combination with demethylating agents, which apparently modulated NFkB signaling and many key members of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway. The apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) protein is known to suppress the extrinsic apoptosis. We have demonstrated that ARC is an effective negative prognostic factor for AML, is regulated by cIAP1/NIK signaling in AML cells, and can be inhibited by demethylating agents. Our findings suggest that the activation of the extrinsic pathway has the potential to eradicate AML stem/progenitor cells and that mechanistic combinations of SMAC mimetics with agents that modulate the extrinsic apoptosis pathway may benefit patients with AML. In fact, our preliminary results served as the catalyst for recently-initiated phase I/II trials of birinapant in combination with 5-azacytidine in pre-leukemia myelodysplastic syndrome and AML patients.
Application of Actigraphy in the Clinical Setting: Use in Children With Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Clinicians rely primarily on subjective behavioral questionnaires in assessing attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The new mini-motion logger actigraph, which is a wrist-worn minicomputer, can add an objective element to this assessment and is especially useful in children due to its small size. We applied this technology as an outcome measure in evaluating drug therapy in two children with ADHD who were receiving methylphenidate and pemoline, respectively. We also assessed preliminary findings from an additional 13 children.
Existence of Majorana-fermion bound states on disclinations and the classification of topological crystalline superconductors in two dimensions.

We prove a topological criterion for the existence of a zero-energy Majorana bound state on a disclination, a rotation symmetry breaking point defect, in fourfold symmetric topological crystalline superconductors (TCS) in two dimensions. We first establish a complete topological classification of TCS using the Chern invariant and three integral rotation invariants. By analytically and numerically studying disclinations, we algebraically deduce a ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ index that identifies the parity of the number of Majorana zero modes at a disclination. Surprisingly, we also find weakly protected Majorana fermions bound at the corners of superconductors with trivial Chern and weak invariants.
Does Competitive Cheerleading Represent an Opportunity to Participate in Intercollegiate Athletics

In 2009 Quinnipiac University decided to cut one women's and two men's intercollegiate sports while introducing cheerleading as an equivalent varsity activity. The volleyball athletes and the coach brought a lawsuit against the university arguing that this action was not in compliance with Title IX regulations.
Epoetin Alfa Therapy Increases Hemoglobin Levels and Improves Quality of Life in Patients With Cancer-Related Anemia Who Are Not Receiving Chemotherapy and Patients With Anemia Who Are Receiving Chemotherapy

PURPOSE: To evaluate efficacy, safety, and quality of life (QOL) changes with epoetin alfa therapy for anemia in patients with nonmyeloid malignancies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Anemic cancer patients were enrolled onto this prospective, open-label study from 34 centers across Canada. The trial had two cohorts: patients who were and were not receiving chemotherapy during the 16-week study. All patients initially received epoetin alfa 150 IU/kg subcutaneously three times per week. The dose was doubled after 4 weeks for patients who did not experience sufficient response. RESULTS: Of the 183 patients enrolled in the nonchemotherapy cohort, statistically significant and clinically relevant improvements in QOL were observed with epoetin alfa therapy using both the FACT-An questionnaire and linear analog scale assessment. Hemoglobin levels increased significantly (P < .001; mean increase 2.5 g/dL from baseline to end of study) and these increases were positively correlated with improved QOL and change in Eastern C...
Electron-microscopic study of glycogen in chick embryo liver

A comparative study of thin and of contiguous thick sections of chick embryo liver was made. Small periodic acid—Schiff (PAS) positive areas as seen with the light microscope in thick sections probably contain glycogen, since previous digestion by means of salivary diastase renders these areas PAS negative. In the electron microscope these areas show a rather typical fine structure. They contain small membrane-bounded vesicles and located between them, small (20–33 m μ ) granules. Infrequently only the vesicular elements are seen, whereas a homogeneous material of low electron density appears in lieu of the granules. These granules and the homogeneous material are considered to represent glycogen. The reason for this variable appearance of the glycogen is not understood at present. The possibility that the Golgi complex plays a role in glycogen formation within these liver cells is discussed. Attempts were made to establish whether the Golgi region is PAS positive. The available evidence, although not conclusive, tends to show that it is not. This would seem to exclude the possibility that small granules seen within Golgi vacuoles are glycogen, but it does not rule out the possible role of the Golgi complex in glycogen formation. It is suggested that within the Golgi vacuoles an accumulation of glycogen precursors or of enzymes necessary for glycogen synthesis occurs and that such substances are subsequently discharged from the vacuoles into the surrounding cytoplasm.
TGF-β3–dependent SMAD2 phosphorylation and inhibition of MEE proliferation during palatal fusion

Transforming growth factor (TGF) -beta3 is known to selectively regulate the disappearance of murine medial edge epithelium (MEE) during palatal fusion. Previous studies suggested that the selective function of TGF-beta3 in MEE was conducted by TGF-beta receptors. Further studies were needed to demonstrate that the TGF-beta signaling mediators were indeed expressed and phosphorylated in the MEE cells. SMAD2 and SMAD3 were both present in the MEE, whereas SMAD2 was the only one phosphorylated during palatal fusion. SMAD2 phosphorylation was temporospatially restricted to the MEE and correlated with the disappearance of the MEE. No phosphorylated SMAD2 was found in MEE in TGF-beta3(-/-) mice, although nonphosphorylated SMAD2 was present. The results suggest that TGF-beta3 is required for initiating and maintaining SMAD2 phosphorylation in MEE. Phospho-SMAD3 was not detectable in palate during normal palatal fusion. Previous results suggested TGF-beta-induced cessation of DNA synthesis in MEE cells during palatal fusion in vitro. The present results provide evidence that inhibition of MEE proliferation in vivo was controlled by endogenous TGF-beta3. The number of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) -labeled MEE cells was significantly reduced in TGF-beta3(+/+) compared with TGF-beta3(-/-) mice when the MEE seam formed (t-test, P < 0.05). This finding suggests that TGF-beta3 is required for inhibiting MEE proliferation during palatal fusion. The inhibition of MEE proliferation may be mediated by TGF-beta3-dependent phosphorylation of SMAD2.
High-intensity subpicosecond XeCl laser system

A terawatt-class laser, based on the amplification of subpicosecond pulses in XeCl discharge amplifiers, is described. The system generates 250-mJ, 335-fsec pulses at a sustained 1-Hz repetition rate. Using f/3.7 optics, focal-spot dimensions of 3.4 μm × 4.1 μm are measured for the fully amplified output beam, thus demonstrating a mean focal-volume intensity of 4.6 × 1018 W/cm2. With f/1 optics, this system is therefore capable of producing a focused intensity of 6.4 × 1019 W/cm2.
Life after the PhD: what I wish I had known sooner

For most who do it, completing the PhD is the hardest thing they've ever done. There is a tendency to think that life will only get easier afterwards. The truth is that while life may get better, it doesn't necessarily get easier. It is possible, however, to ease the transition, if you pay attention to some basic truths.
Erythrocytic enzyme activities and drug induced hemolysis in rabbits

Abstract 1. 1. Drug induced hemolysis was studied in rabbits. It was found that rabbit erythrocytes were more sensitive, as compared to humans, to primaquine phosphate and acetylphenylhydrazine. 2. 2. Auto-hemolysis studies indicated that rabbit erythrocyte is inherently unstable and that the addition of glucose is beneficiary. 3. 3. Erythrocytic glutathione metabolizing enzymes were quantitated. 4. 4. Rabbit glutathione reductase activity was found to be 50% that of humans. 5. 5. This could be the biochemical reason for the enhanced drug sensitivity of rabbit erythrocytes.
Nonrelativistic electron bremsstrahlung in a strongly magnetized plasma

In this paper we have calculated the emission of bremsstrahlung radiation of nonrelativistic electrons in Landau levels in a dense plasma. We have found that the radiation rate is inversely proportional to the electron momentum, which is characteristic of one-dimensional gases.
Polarization-independent acoustooptic light modulation with large angular aperture.

Conception d'un dispositif acousto-optique anisotrope possedant une grande ouverture angulaire et independant de la polarisation. Application envisagee au traitement optique de l'information
A Most Influential Problem Set

The Honors Class Hilbert9s Problems and Their Solvers. Benjamin H. Yandell. A. K. Peters, Natick, MA, 2002. 496 pp. $39. ISBN 1-56881-141-1. The collection of problems David Hilbert presented at the dawn of the 20th century played a major role in shaping the subsequent course of mathematical research. Yandell9s sketches of the lives of the people who tackled these problems place the research in its intellectual and philosophical context.
Dissemination of weather intelligence information and met sensor data acquisition using Jini/JavaSpaces technologies

Digitization of the battlespace for current and future combat systems cannot be complete without effective weather intelligence products and decision aids. An important challenge facing current weather intelligence products involves the simultaneous collection and dissemination of the vast amounts of raw and processed meteorological data. Data can originate from various types of sensors, sources, and computing models. Also, data collections can be sporadic and their publication can materialize on an assortment of formats and through dissimilar channels. To resolve many of these challenges, we have investigated a tuple-spaces solution that provides lose-coupling of sensors, systems, and weather forecasting models in a networked environment. Of interest are the results of experiments that employ the Jini/JavaSpaces implementation to resolve the problems of data acquisition and dissemination. This paper will present our space-based design to loosely-couple several weather sensors and simultaneously acquire their data at high output rates. Our results show that tuple-spaces implementations simplify acquisition and distribution of weather intelligence information. Other experimental results will demonstrate that a space-based architecture can also be employed by other network centric systems that involve information dissemination, decision aids, and collaboration/computing environments.
Effects of impurity radiation on reversed-field pinch evolution

A study is made of the effects of impurity radiation on the evolution of a reversed-field pinch plasma by means of a one-dimensional MHD simulation code that includes both plasma transport and impurity effects, and follows the plasma through a series of equilibrium states. Results are presented for the ZT-S, ZT-40, and RFX experiments with a fixed set of parameters, typical or envisioned, and various concentrations of impurities. Radiation barriers are encountered, and limits are found on the acceptable level of low-Z impurities that may be present in these devices. It is shown that the temperatures observed in the ZT-S experiment are radiation-limited. A criterion for radiation barrier burn-through is derived in terms of appropriate non-dimensional parameters and calibrated by comparison with the numerical simulations for the case of oxygen.
Inter-institutional Development of a Poster-Based Cancer Biology Learning Tool

There is a paucity of African-American Cancer researchers. To help address this, an educational collaboration was developed between a Comprehensive Cancer Center and a distant undergraduate biology department at a minority institution that sought to teach students introductory cancer biology while modeling research culture. A student-centered active learning curriculum was established that incorporated scientific poster presentations and simulated research exercises to foster learning of cancer biology. Students successfully mined primary literature for supportive data to test cancer-related hypotheses. Student feedback indicated that the poster project substantially enhanced depth of understanding of cancer biology and laid the groundwork for subsequent laboratory work. This inter-institutional collaboration modeled the research process while conveying facts and concepts about cancer.
Non-lactational traits of importance in dairy cows and applications for emerging biotechnologies

Abstract Dairy cattle have traditionally been selected for their ability to produce milk and milk components. The traditional single-minded approach to selection of dairy cattle has now changed and secondary traits are being included in selection indices by decreasing the emphasis on production. Greater emphasis on non-production traits reflects the industry's desire for functional dairy cattle. Six broad categories of non-lactational traits are discussed in this review. They are: type; growth, body size and composition; efficiency of feed utilisation; disease resistance, e.g. udder health as measured by somatic cell score; reproduction; and management. Most of these traits can be found within selection indices worldwide, although relative emphasis varies. The non-lactational traits mentioned above are quantitative, meaning that the phenotype in the whole animal represents the sum of lesser traits that cannot be easily measured. The physiological mechanisms that underlie quantitative traits are extremely ...
Evaluation of learning in health care organizations

AbstractContinuing education in the health professions has traditionally focused on the needs of each learner. Changes in the health care delivery system are fostering the interdependence of health professionals and health care organizations, leading to collective responsibility for improving clinic
Aspirin may influence cellular energy status

In our previous findings, we have demonstrated that aspirin/acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) might induce sirtuins via aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ah receptor). Induction effects included an increase in cellular paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity and apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) gene expression. As predicted, ASA and salicylic acid (SA) treatment resulted in generation of H2O2, which is known to be an inducer of mitochondrial gene Sirt4 and other downstream target genes of Sirt1. Our current mass spectroscopic studies further confirm the metabolism of the drugs ASA and SA. Our studies show that HepG2 cells readily converted ASA to SA, which was then metabolized to 2,3-DHBA. HepG2 cells transfected with aryl hydrocarbon receptor siRNA upon treatment with SA showed the absence of a DHBA peak as measured by LC-MS/MS. MS studies for Sirt1 action also showed a peak at 180.9 m/z for the deacetylated and chlorinated product formed from N-acetyl le-lysine. Thus an increase in Sirt4, Nrf2, Tfam, UCP1, eNOS, HO1 and STAT3 genes could profoundly affect mitochondrial function, cholesterol homeostasis, and fatty acid oxidation, suggesting that ASA could be beneficial beyond simply its ability to inhibit cyclooxygenase.
Extensive 3′-overhanging, single-stranded DNA associated with the meiosis-specific double-strand breaks at the ARG4 recombination initiation site

Meiosis-specific double-strand breaks occur at the initiation site for meiotic gene conversion in the yeast ARG4 gene. Here we show that the break fragments end in extensive 3'-overhanging, single-stranded tails. The single-stranded tails very in length, generating a gradient of single-strandedness that parallels the gradient of gene conversion frequencies in ARG4. In strains carrying a rad50S mutation, which blocks meiotic recombination, the extensive single-stranded tails do not form, suggesting that their generation is an obligatory step in meiotic recombination. Using the rad50S mutant, we have mapped the site of the ARG4 break to a small region within the genetically defined recombination initiation site. These results strongly support the double-strand break model of meiotic recombination.
Cytochemistry of nucleic acids in murine lymphoma cells infected with polyoma virus in vitro.

INFECTION of cultures of milk-adapted P388D 1 murine lymphoma cells with polyoma virus produces an alteration in the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) of the nucleoplasm, enlargement of the nucleolus, and intranuclear vacuoles containing abnormal RNP1. Cytochemical studies of the late stages of infection of lymphoma cells in vitro with polyoma virus failed to reveal Feulgen-positive inclusion material1. Since the infectivity, of nucleic acid preparations from cells infected with polyoma virus appears to reside in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fraction2, further attempts have been made to demonstrate abnormal DNA and to elucidate the relationship between changes in DNA and RNA or RNP metabolism in polyoma virus infection.
Activity of the glyoxylate cycle in Tetrahymena after infection of the cockroach, Periplanetal*

Activity of the glyoxylate cycle in Tetrahymena after infection of the cockroach, Periplanetal. Experimental Parasitology 27, 15–21. After living for several days in the hemocoel of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana, reisolated cultures of Tetrahymena pyriformis show increased specific activities of the induced enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle, isocitric lyase, and malate synthetase. This ability is maintained through at least 12 transfers.
Acute respiratory failure due to 2′ deoxycoformycin

2′ Deoxycoformycin is a new chemotherapeutic agent with promising application in lymphoblastic leukemias. Previous Phase I trials have not indicated potential for pulmonary toxicity. We wish to report a case of respiratory failure presenting with sudden onset of severe hypoxia, tachypnea, and rapid evolution of diffuse alveolar infiltrates and pleural effusions. Aggressive management with high level positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and steroids achieved a successful outcome.
Protein kinase c ϵ and γ: roles in age-specific modulation of acute opioid-withdrawal allodynia

Abstract Acute morphine withdrawal results in enhanced responsiveness to noxious stimulation in adult humans and rodents. This study extends these findings by demonstrating that acute morphine withdrawal produces allodynia in neonatal rats that is dependent on the translocation of protein kinase C ϵ and γ (ϵPKC and γPKC, respectively) in a developmentally specific manner. Basal expression of ϵPKC in dorsal root ganglia, and γPKC in lamina II of the lumbar spinal cord, were lower in postnatal day 7 (P7) compared with P21 rats. ϵPKC immunoreactivity increased in P7 rats at 4 hours after acute administration of morphine, whereas ϵPKC immunoreactivity decreased at 4 hours in P21 rats. In contrast to ϵPKC, there was a loss of γPKC immunoreactivity following morphine administration in both P7 and P21 rats. To determine whether ϵ and γPKC contribute to acute withdrawal-induced allodynia in neonatal rats, isozyme-specific inhibitors of ϵ and γPKC translocation were administered before or after morphine administration. Naloxone was used to precipitate withdrawal at either 30 or 120 minutes after morphine, or animals were allowed to undergo natural withdrawal from a single dose of morphine. Inhibition of ϵ but not γPKC prevented naloxone-precipitated allodynia 30 minutes after morphine administration in P7 rats. In contrast, both ϵ and γPKC inhibitors attenuated naloxone-precipitated allodynia in P21 rats. Allodynia was attenuated in P7 and P21 rats by administration of either ϵ or γPKC inhibitor when withdrawal was precipitated at 2 hours after morphine or animals underwent natural withdrawal. This work demonstrates that the role of ϵ and γPKC in acute withdrawal-induced allodynia is developmentally regulated in a temporally specific manner.
Positional Weight Constraints in Optimality Theory

This squib presents evidence for a novel family of positional markedness constraints singling out two of the prominent positions identified in the literature: word-initial syllables and syllables in the root. It is shown that Weight-by-Position Adjunction (Hayes 1989) in certain languages preferentially applies in these psycholinguistically prominent positions, which play an important role in speech processing.
Adenosine A3 receptor stimulation reduces muscle injury following physical trauma and is associated with alterations in the MMP/TIMP response.

We have previously demonstrated that in response to traumatic injury in skeletal muscle, there is a dysregulation of the matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs), a response hypo...
Transistor nonlinearity-dependence on emitter bias current in P-N-P Alloy junction

A method of calculating the nonlinear behavior of class A common emitter transistor amplifiers from linear small signal measurements is given. Experimental results, obtained with a 500-milliwatt p-n-p alloy junction transistor, show the second and third harmonic distortion as a function of emitter bias current and driving source resistance. Distortion, calculated from small signal measurements, is shown for comparison.
Observation of superconductivity in (Y1−xCax)Ba2Cu3O6

Abstract Substitution of Ca2+ for Y3+ in YBa2Cu3O6 converts this tetragonal semiconductor into a tetragonal superconductor with aTc of 50 K. Furthermore, the structure of (Y0.8Ca0.2)Ba2Cu3O6, determined by neutron powder diffraction, is fully consistent with partial oxidation of the Cu(2) O sheets, whereas the linear O Cu(1) O units do not undergo oxidation. Observation of a limited solid solubility for Ca2+ in this structure is attributed to a maximum allowed oxidation state for Cu(2). This implies that in the superconductor YBa2Cu3O7 the Cu O chains are responsible for theTc of 90 K, whereas the Cu O sheets alone produce superconductivity at 50 K in YBa2Cu3O6.5.
More dogs less bite: The relationship between human-coyote conflict and prairie dog colonies in an urban landscape

Abstract Human–coyote conflict in urban environments is an emerging concern throughout the U.S., but specific factors that influence rates of conflict remain largely unknown. We explored a possible link between coyote conflict rates and the distribution of black-tailed prairie dogs, a highly interactive species, in an urban landscape. Overall, rates of coyote conflict appeared elevated in proximity to undeveloped land, but these rates were highest near habitat fragments where prairie dogs were absent, and 15–45% lower within 400 m of fragments colonized by prairie dogs. Multivariate analyses comparing conflict points to random points generated in the same area also revealed that smaller and younger habitat fragments were associated with greater levels of conflict. However, the effect of nearby habitat fragments lacking prairie dogs was at least as strong as the effect of fragment area, a factor known to influence coyote distribution. We propose several possible explanations for reduced human–coyote conflicts on or near prairie dog colonies, including colonies acting as more preferred foraging habitat than backyards or neighborhoods, and changes in human behavior near colonies. Inter-species dynamics are rarely investigated in urban systems, and our study provides a first look at potential interactions between two politically controversial but ecologically important species. We suggest that future studies evaluate the impact of prey availability on human–carnivore conflicts to determine whether conservation of prey species may represent a valuable management strategy in urban areas.