cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein genotype modifies the effect of apolipoprotein ε4 on memory decline in older adults.

Apolipoprotein e4 (ApoE4) is a strong genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease and memory decline in older adults. A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene (isoleucine to valine; V405) is associated with slower memory decline and a lower risk of Alzheimer's disease. As both genes regulate cholesterol, we hypothesized that the favorable CETPV405 allele may buffer the effect of ApoE4 on memory decline in older adults. Using linear regression, we examined the interactive effect of ApoE4 by CETPV405 on memory decline among 909 community-dwelling, nondemented, older adults (≥70 years) from the Einstein Aging Study. Episodic memory was measured using the picture version of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test with immediate recall (pFCSRT+IR). There was a significant ApoE × CETP interaction on decline in pFCSRT+IR scores (p = 0.01). ApoE4 carriers experienced faster decline than noncarriers among CETPI405I homozygotes (p = 0.007) and in CETPI405V heterozygotes (p = 0.015) but not in CETPV405V homozygotes (p = 0.614). Results suggest that the CETPV405 allele buffers ApoE4-associated memory decline in a gene dose-dependent manner.
Thoughts About Social Issues A Neuman Systems Model Perspective

The Neuman systems model includes social issues as a client system of interest. The other client systems of this conceptual model of nursing are individuals, families, other groups, and communities, about which exists a considerable amount of literature. However, social issues as a client system have not yet been defined or described, nor has any application of this client system been published. This essay is a discussion of the meaning of social issues as a client system from the perspective of the Neuman systems model, and offers examples from the literature, from the results of a survey of Neuman systems model trustees, including Betty Neuman, and from dialogue with participants at the 15th Biennial Neuman systems model symposium. This article was adapted from a paper presented at the 15(th) Biennial International Neuman Systems Model Symposium, Philadelphia, PA. June 19, 2015.
Duodenal adenocarcinoma: Advances in diagnosis and surgical management

Duodenal adenocarcinoma is a rare but aggressive malignancy. Given its rarity, previous studies have traditionally combined duodenal adenocarcinoma (DA) with either other periampullary cancers or small bowel adenocarcinomas, limiting the available data to guide treatment decisions. Nevertheless, management primarily involves complete surgical resection when technically feasible. Surgery may require pancreaticoduodenectomy or segmental duodenal resection; either are acceptable options as long as negative margins are achievable and an adequate lymphadenectomy can be performed. Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation are important components of multi-modality treatment for patients at high risk of recurrence. Further research would benefit from multi-institutional trials that do not combine DA with other periampullary or small bowel malignancies. The purpose of this article is to perform a comprehensive review of DA with special focus on the surgical management and principles.
Elastic and Electrical Dual Pore Shape Modeling in the Mesa Verde Group

Summary In tight sand reservoirs, a significant amount of reservoir fluids can be held in small, open, inter-granular, microcracks that connect larger pores. Determining the conditions required to either mobilize or immobilize the fluids in those micro-cracks can have significant economic implications, whether those fluids are oil or water. When a reservoir experiences a change in effective stress, for example from production (increased effective stress) or flooding (decreased effective stress), then knowing which pores are changing in volume with respect to a change in effective stress can provide insight into changes in the mobility of the micro-crack fluids and the overall contribution of those micro-cracks fluids to fluid transport. Mechanically, the change in porosity in clean, tight sand that accompanies a change in effective stress can be explained by changes in compliant, micro-crack porosity and aspect ratios. In this paper we take an experimental approach to explore whether or not elastic and electrical Self Consistent Approximation (SCA) modeling can be used together to predict changes in porosity and/or aspect ratios in a dual pore system of micro-cracks and nearlyspherical pores.
Lifestories: Themes from the Group:Eight Years Later

This article identifies and discusses themes that have emerged in an activities based group over a period of eight years. It expands on an article originally published in this journal in 1995. Chan...
Thermal Dynamics of Plasmonic Nanoparticle Composites

Thermal response rates of plasmonic nanocomposite materials limit their capacity for adaptive control and scalable implementation. This work examines thermal dynamics in insulating and conductive dielectrics containing two- and three-dimensional disordered distributions of plasmonic gold nanoparticles (AuNP). It is shown that a balance of micro- and macroscale internal and external dissipation rates can model overall thermal dynamics and dissipation rates measured for widely varying composite materials to within a few percent using independent geometric and thermodynamic parameters. The independent estimates are within 2.6% of values measured for isolated colloid AuNP suspensions, between 0.15 to 13.4% for randomly sized AuNP embedded in polymer films, and within 5.4 to 30.0% for AuNP deposited on conductive ceramics. Estimated thermal dynamics for AuNP embedded in thin polymer film are higher than AuNP in fluid or on ceramic substrates. This modeling approach could guide design and deployment of thermall...
Application of Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation Algorithm in Parameter Calibration of VISSIM Microscope Simulation Model

Microscopic traffic simulation models have been widely applied in transportation management,control,and optimization.However,since the calibration of parameters of microscopic traffic simulation models is a complex and systematic process,the time to complete the calibration is usually long and it is difficult to find the optimal solution,especially for the large and complex network.This paper first selects the widely used VISSIM model as the basic platform for the parameter calibration.Then a parameter calibration approach based on simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation(SPSA) algorithm is proposed and a corresponding automatic calibration procedure is developed.Finally,the proposed approach is applied to the driving behavior parameter calibration of the simulation model for the expressway road network of Beijing,in which the sum of squared relative errors of the speed is used as the objective function.After a comparison of the fitness values of genetic algorithm(GA) and SPSA algorithm,it is shown that the convergence of the SPSA algorithm is 1.7 times faster than that of the GA algorithm,and the squared relative errors of traffic volumes using SPSA algorithm are 0.16 smaller than those using GA algorithm,which validates the advantage of SPSA algorithm in VISSIM parameter calibration.
Cholesterol Efflux Capacity and Subclasses of HDL Particles in Healthy Women Transitioning Through Menopause.

Context: Growing evidence challenges the concept that high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) is cardioprotective after menopause. HDL particle concentration (HDL-P) and cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) might be better predictors of cardiovascular risk. Objective: Quantify alterations in HDL-P and CEC during menopause, correlating those changes with alterations in estradiol (E2) and FSH. Design: Longitudinal study of HDL metrics before and after menopause as indexed by the final menstrual period (FMP). Participants: Forty-six women, mean baseline age 47.1 years, 33% black, 67% white. Main Outcomes and Measures: HDL-P concentration (HDL-PIMA) by calibrated ion mobility analysis (IMA); macrophage CEC with cAMP-stimulated macrophages; ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1)-specific CEC with BHK cells expressing human ABCA1. Results: After a median of 2.1 years since FMP, both HDL-C (P = .03) and HDL-PIMA (P = .01) increased, with a selective increase in large HDL-PIMA (P = .01), whereas sizes of m...
Pediatric Intra-Articular Localized Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor Presenting as an Acutely Irritable Hip: A Case Report.

Case: An otherwise healthy 9-year-old girl developed a fever and atraumatic right hip pain with inability to bear weight and exquisite pain with any motion. Her peripheral white blood-cell count was 9.85 × 103/μL, erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 18 mm/hr, and C-reactive protein level was 7.56 mg/L. Aspiration yielded bloody fluid with 611,932 red blood cells/μL, 49,529 white blood cells/μL (92% neutrophils), negative Gram stain, and no crystals. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intracapsular lesion anterior to the femoral neck. The joint was irrigated and the lesion was excised. Microscopic examination showed neutrophils interspersed within an otherwise histologically classic tenosynovial giant cell tumor. Conclusion: Tenosynovial giant cell tumor may rarely present as an acutely irritable hip.
The interactional business of doing business: Managing legitimacy and co‐constructing entrepreneurial identities in e‐commerce multilevel marketing discourse

Discourse analysis was performed on how legitimacy was managed in e‐commerce multilevel marketing (MLM) business presentations. Through analysis of extracts from three presentations, the author finds support for two broad claims. First, an entrepreneurial strategy is used to manage the legitimacy of a MLM organization, consistent with existing research, and this is also juxtaposed with a strategy of promoting other identities, most notably the identities of being a marketer and a consumer. Second, this strategy is accomplished sequentially and collaboratively in talk at consequential moments in the interaction, often by presenters constraining the contributions of audience members.
A Case Report of Infectious Sacroiliitis in an Adult Presenting to the Emergency Department with Inability to Walk.

Abstract Background Infectious sacroiliitis (ISI) is an uncommon cause of back and hip pain in which the sacroiliac joint, either unilateral or bilateral, is inflamed from an infectious source. Historically, this has been an easily missed diagnosis due to nonspecific presenting symptoms along with subtle nondistinguishable laboratory abnormalities. Case Report We describe an injection drug user presenting with right-sided ISI who presented with hip and back pain and inability to walk. The patient had tenderness over his right sacroiliac joint, and despite negative plain radiographs, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan was obtained from the Emergency Department (ED) given the patient's risk factors for infection. Concerning findings of ISI on this MRI led to a computed tomography-guided biopsy during the patient's hospital admission, which revealed alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus as the responsible pathogen. Why Should An Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Infectious sacroiliitis is a rare condition that is difficult to diagnose, and carries increasing morbidity when diagnosis is delayed. We aim to increase awareness through a case report of a patient encountered in the ED.
B-CLL Antibodies Encoded by Stereotypic VH1-69, D3-16, and JH3 Rearrangements Immunoprecipitate Non-Muscle Myosin Heavy Chain IIA.

B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) patient clinical outcomes can be segregated based on the degree of mutation of immunoglobulin (Ig) variable region genes. This observation suggests a functional role for antigen binding by the Ig B-cell receptor in B-CLL. Furthermore, over 20% of B-CLL patients share antibodies with very similar Ig heavy chain (H) variable region CDR3 sequences, suggesting common antigen reactivity. For example, sixteen unrelated B-CLL patients have been reported to express an unmutated Ig heavy chain encoded by VH1-69, D3-16, and JH3 with nearly identical HCDR3 sequences. The probability that these patients developed B-CLL with identical IgH variable regions by random chance is extremely small. This stereotypic set of antibodies strongly bind cytoplasmic structures in HEp-2 cells as observed by immunofluorescence. Therefore, HEp-2 cell extracts were used as the source of material to isolate the cellular antigen recognized by these antibodies. These B-CLL antibodies were recombinantly overexpressed and purified as human IgG1 molecules. Recombinant antibody was bound to protein G agarose beads and incubated with cell extracts overnight. Bound cellular antigen was immunoprecipitated, washed, eluted, run on SDS-PAGE, and stained with Coomassie Blue. B-CLL antibodies from this stereotypic set immunoprecipitated protein bands at approximately 45 and 225 kDa in size. These bands were isolated and identified by mass spectrometry analysis of trypsin-digested peptides. The 45 kDa and 225 kDa proteins are cytoplasmic actin and non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA (MYHIIA), respectively. The VH1-69, D3-16, and JH3 encoded stereotypic set of antibodies has been reported to be polyreactive against multiple autoantigens, such as DNA, Ig, and actin. However, MYHIIA has not been previously reported as an antigen recognized by this stereotypic set of antibodies. Therefore, we confirmed that MYHIIA was recognized by this stereotypic antibody set by probing B-CLL antibody immunoprecipitates by Western blot with anti-MYHIIA antibody. Furthermore, anti-MYHIIA antibody immunofluorescent staining of HEp-2 cells co-localized with this B-CLL stereotypic antibody immunofluorescent staining. Thus, stereotypic VH1-69, D3-16, and JH3 encoded B-CLL antibodies are polyreactive with common cellular proteins, including the newly identified autoantigen MYHIIA. The cellular antigens recognized by these stereotypic antibodies may be important in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of B-CLL.
The Relation of Sexual Preferences to Sexual Experiences

68 male college students served as Ss in a study of the relationship of current sexual preferences to past sexual experiences. Sexual preferences were assessed by presenting to the Ss 19 thematically different photographs which represented a wide range of potentially arousing stimuli. The S was then given the task of rating each photograph on a six-point scale as to the degree he found it sexually stimulating. This procedure was repeated with two additional sets of 19 pictures each: these were different photographs but with the same 19 thematic areas represented. Data relating to the S’s past sexual history were obtained by a questionnaire whose items roughly paralleled the thematic content of the photographs. Correlations were determined between the Ss’ ratings and various aspects of their past sexual experience. One provocative result was that all 6 of the homosexual experiences included in the sexual history questionnaire were positively correlated with reported responsiveness to a photograph of a partially clad male.
Developing Leaders of Character at the United States Military Academy: A Relational Developmental Systems Analysis

AbstractA paucity of literature exists on the processes of character development within diverse contexts. In this article, the authors use the United States Military Academy at West Point (USMA) as a sample case for understanding character development processes within an institution of higher education. The authors present a discussion of relational developmental systems theories and relevant research areas that might be leveraged to promote the positive character development goals of USMA. They conclude with the implications of this work for informing character development research and education in other settings, including non-military institutions of higher education.
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Molecular markers for diagnosis and prognosis

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is the second most common primary liver tumor with increasing incidence worldwide. The outcome of patients with iCCA is dismal owing to tumor's aggressiveness, late diagnosis and lack of effective treatment options. Detection of the tumor at early stages may make surgical resection, as only potential curative treatment, more feasible. Unfortunately, despite recent developments in imaging modalities and laboratory tests, the diagnosis of iCCA remains challenging and patients often present in advanced stages when surgery cannot be offered. Moreover, accurate assessment of disease burden is critical to optimize management strategy, including the use of adjuvant therapies and clinical trials. Identifying iCCA specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers has been a focus of interest among many investigators with a progressive increase in data on iCCA related to advances in "omics" technologies. We herein summarize iCCA biomarkers and define the molecular mechanisms underlying iCCA carcinogenesis, as well as highlight potential diagnostic and prognostic application of molecular biomarkers.
The expression of keratin 6 is regulated by the activation of the ERK1/2 pathway in arsenite transformed human urothelial cells

Urothelial cancers have an environmental etiological component, and previous studies from our laboratory have shown that arsenite (As+3) can cause the malignant transformation of the immortalized urothelial cells (UROtsa), leading to the expression of keratin 6 (KRT6). The expression of KRT6 in the parent UROtsa cells can be induced by the addition of epidermal growth factor (EGF). Tumors formed by these transformed cells have focal areas of squamous differentiation that express KRT6. The goal of this study was to investigate the mechanism involved in the upregulation of KRT6 in urothelial cancers and to validate that the As+3-transformed UROtsa cells are a model of urothelial cancer. The results obtained showed that the parent and the As+3-transformed UROtsa cells express EGFR which is phosphorylated with the addition of epidermal growth factor (EGF) resulting in an increased expression of KRT6. Inhibition of the extracellular-signal regulated kinases (ERK1/2) pathway by the addition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK1) and MEK2 kinase inhibitor U0126 resulted in a decrease in the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and a reduced expression of KRT6. Immuno-histochemical analysis of the tumors generated by the As+3-transformed isolates expressed EGFR and tumors formed by two of the transformed isolates expressed the phosphorylated form of EGFR. These results show that the expression of KRT6 is regulated at least in part by the ERK1/2 pathway and that the As+3-transformed human urothelial cells have the potential to serve as a valid model to study urothelial carcinomas.
Optical absorption spectroscopy in optically dense detonation products

Recent measurements of absorption of atomic and molecular species in optically thick fireballs generated by detonation of high explosives are presented. Tunable diode lasers, pulsed dye lasers, and broadband sources are used to probe UV and visible regions for critical intermediate species.
Classification, differential diagnosis, and diagnosis of pouchitis

Abstract Evaluation of patients with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis after total proctocolectomy who present with symptoms suggestive of pouchitis requires a systematic approach. Although idiopathic pouchitis is the most common cause of symptoms, evaluation for possible secondary causes of pouch inflammation and for potential disease mimickers is essential. After appropriate testing and assessement of response to treatment, disease can be classified based on response to antibiotics and as idiopathic or secondary. A systematic approach and the use of different modalities of testing including pouch endoscopy, pathology and imaging, should lead to an appropriate diagnosis and a well-planned treatment plan. A proposed algorithm for evaluation of symptomatic patients will be outlined.
What is strange about high-temperature superconductivity in cuprates?

Cuprate superconductors exhibit many features, but the ultimate question is why the critical temperature (Tc) is so high. The fundamental dichotomy is between the weak-pairing, Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) scenario, and Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) of strongly-bound pairs. While for underdoped cuprates it is hotly debated which of these pictures is appropriate, it is commonly believed that on the overdoped side strongly-correlated fermion physics evolves smoothly into the conventional BCS behavior. Here, we test this dogma by studying the dependence of key superconducting parameters on doping, temperature, and external fields, in thousands of cuprate samples. The findings do not conform to BCS predictions anywhere in the phase diagram.
Non-volatile All-Optical Quasi-Continuous Switching in GST-on-Silicon Microring Resonators

Based on GST-on-silicon hybrid nanophotonic integrated circuits, we demonstrate a non-volatile reprogrammable platform, where we achieve all-optical quasi-continuous tuning of microring resonators with switching extinction ratio up to 33dB by controlling a pulsed laser.
A robust multi-unit ascending-price auction with complementarities against strategic manipulation

Auctions have become enormously popular in recent years. A typical example is spectrum auction for distributions of licenses for electromagnetic spectrum based on simultaneous ascending-price auction. Even though this auction is popular, it is not robust against some strategic manipulations of buyers. While allowing buyers to submit alternative choices (due dates in this paper) in XOR bids, we propose a new auction mechanism called simultaneous ascending-price auction with option proposal (SAA-OP). One of the important characteristics of this mechanism is that there are two types of auction winners: an auctioneer chooses winners (exact fulfillments) or buyers take options proposed by the auctioneer (partial fulfillments). Due to this characteristic, the proposing mechanism implements an ex-post efficient equilibrium.
Effect of Edges and Corners on Stresses in Thermally Grown Alumina Scales

Residual stress near edges and corners of thermally grown alumina scaleswere investigated. In this study, an edge is the intersection of twoorthogonal flat surfaces and a corner is the intersection of three suchsurfaces. Microfluorescence measurements, performed on alloys withcomposition Fe–28Al–5Cr (at.%, bal. Fe) oxidized at 900°C,showed a large (>50%) reduction in hydrostatic stress in the vicinity ofedges and corners. Surprisingly, significant stress reduction persists outto distances twenty to fifty times the scale thickness from theedge. Finite-element analysis calculations confirm the experimental resultsand provide a considerably more detailed picture of the stress distributionand its components and show that much of the observed stress reduction nearan edge, is due to plastic deformation of the underlying metal.
Provable Subspace Tracking From Missing Data and Matrix Completion

We study the problem of subspace tracking in the presence of missing data (ST-miss). In recent work, we studied a related problem called robust ST. In this paper, we show that a simple modification of our robust ST solution also provably solves ST-miss and robust ST-miss. To the best of our knowledge, our result is the first “complete” guarantee for ST-miss. This means that we can prove that under assumptions on only the algorithm inputs, the output subspace estimates are close to the true data subspaces at all times. Our guarantees hold under mild and easily interpretable assumptions, and allow the underlying subspace to change with time in a piecewise constant fashion. In contrast, all existing guarantees for ST are partial results and assume a fixed unknown subspace. Extensive numerical experiments are shown to back up our theoretical claims. Finally, our solution can be interpreted as a provably correct mini-batch and memory-efficient solution to low-rank matrix completion.
Impact of Motion Measurement Errors on the Multistatic Radar Resolution Ellipse

We consider the impact of radar motion measurement errors on the multistatic resolution ellipse (MRE), which has been proposed as a multistatic synthetic aperture radar image quality metric. Position, velocity, and/or acceleration uncertainty of the transmitter(s) and/or receivers(s) may result in multistatic images with mainlobe bifurcation or blurring. We discuss the MREs utility as a resolution measure and show that, in cases of large uncertainty, the MRE alone is insufficient to describe the underlying phenomena apparent in the multistatic radar image point spread function.
Concomitant vs staged orthotopic liver transplant after cardiac surgical procedures

ABSTRACT Background In patients who require orthotopic liver transplant (OLT), cardiac surgery may be needed to optimize preoperative cardiac status for OLT. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate patient characteristics and outcomes of those undergoing staged versus concomitant cardiac procedures with OLT. Methods An electronic search was performed to identify all case reports and series, from which patient-level data was extracted regarding cardiac procedures associated with OLT. After assessment for inclusion and exclusion criteria, 26 articles were pooled for systematic review. Results Overall, 49 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 12 (24%) underwent staged procedures and 37 (76%) underwent concomitant procedures. The median age was lower in the staged group [staged: 51 (IQR, 43.8–59.2) years vs. concomitant: 60 (IQR, 55.0–64.0) years, p = .02]. Other baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups. For staged procedures, the median time between heart procedures and OLT was 2 (IQR, 1.0–3.5) months. The most commonly reported cardiac procedures were coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) [staged: 4/12 (33.3%) vs. concomitant: 21/37 (56.8%), p = .28], aortic valve replacement (AVR) [staged: 3/12 (25.0%) vs. concomitant: 19/37 (51.2%), p = .21], and transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) [staged: 4/12 (33.3%) vs. concomitant: 0/37 (0%), p = .002]. Regarding outcomes, there was a significantly shorter post-OLT hospital stay for those who had staged procedures versus those who had concomitant procedures [staged: 8 (IQR, 5–13) days vs. concomitant: 17 (IQR, 14–24) days, p = .007]. However, both groups had similar in-hospital mortality rates [staged: 1/12 (8.3%) vs. concomitant: 4/37 (10.8%), p = 1.0]. Overall survival stratified between the two groups was comparable. Conclusions Patients who underwent the staged approach had a shorter post-transplant hospital stay, but comparable survival with respect to those who underwent concomitant cardiac procedures and OLT.
Various Cyclization Scaffolds by a Truly Ugi 4‐CR.

Four heterocyclic scaffolds based on a four component Ugi reaction of α-amino acids, oxo components, isocyanides and primary or secondary amines suitably functionalized are described.
Security Assistance Cooperative Approaches to Counterterrorism

The Department of Defense Regional Counterterrorism Fellowship Program funded an especially productive and memorable DIILS MET Seminar to New Delhi, India in 2004 on the Legal Aspects of Combating Terrorism. The seminar took a look at a range of responses to terrorism, including international law, domestic law enforcement, and the use of military force. The week’s instruction included detailed, substantive legal instruction on, and lively, practical discussions of: Definitions of modern terrorism; Law and legal responses to terrorism; and Interagency and multinational approaches to counterterrorism.
Flexible Implementation of the BASIL CURE

Course-based Undergraduate Research Experiences (CUREs) can be a very effective means to introduce a large number of students to research. CUREs are often an extension of the instructor's research, which may make them difficult to replicate in other settings because of differences in expertise or facilities. The BASIL (Biochemistry Authentic Scientific Inquiry Lab) CURE has evolved over the past 4 years as faculty members with different backgrounds, facilities, and campus cultures have all contributed to a robust curriculum focusing on enzyme function prediction that is suitable for implementation in a wide variety of academic settings. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(5):498-505, 2019.
Novel Adenosine Analog, N6-(4-Hydroxybenzyl)-Adenosine, Dampens Alcohol Drinking and Seeking Behaviors

Adenosine signaling is associated with ethanol-related behaviors. We previously found that adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) activation dampens ethanol drinking behaviors in equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) knockout mice, and A2AR inhibition augments reward-seeking behavior in wild-type mice. The novel adenosine analog N6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-adenosine (NHBA), which is isolated from the rhizomes of Gastrodia elata, activates A2AR and inhibits ENT1. Here, we examined the effects of NHBA on ethanol drinking in the two-bottle choice test and operant ethanol seeking behaviors. We selected mice exhibiting high ethanol drinking behavior in the two-bottle choice test. NHBA (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced ethanol drinking behavior in a limited-access 3-hour drinking session in high-consumption ethanol drinking mice, and NHBA (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) did not alter locomotor activity in the open-field test. Operant conditioning with 10% ethanol and 10% sucrose (10E10S) reward increased zone entries and time spent in the ethanol zone, while NHBA (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) dampened ethanol zone preference in the Y-maze. Furthermore, NHBA (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) devalued 10E10S and 10% ethanol (10E) reward after operant conditioning with 10E10S and 10E. Taken together, NHBA through A2AR activation and ENT1 modulation may dampen ethanol drinking and seeking behaviors, suggesting that NHBA is a potential therapeutic agent for treating alcohol use disorder. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our work highlights that A2AR activation and ENT1 inhibition by a novel adenosine analog isolated from Gastrodia elata, N6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-adenosine, decreases ethanol drinking and seeking behaviors. We suggest that NHBA is a potential therapeutic agent to treat alcohol use disorder.
Women, Crime, and Piracy in the Early Modern English Popular Imagination

The early modern woman pirate was ripe for popular consumption because she titillatingly transgressed gender, class, and legal norms. Now depicted as heroes and sources of female empowerment, stories of female pirates in their own time served not to advance the position of women in English society, but to reinforce their subordinate status. By comparing the English fascination with these women in popular material with real-life examples of female criminals tried in the courts, this paper elucidates the disconnect between semi-fictionalized women in print, safely consumed at a distance, and real-world women who suffered the consequences of the legal and gender transgressions which made them so popular in literature. Allowed to be heroes only in the English imagination, fictionalized woman pirates were ultimately a tool of the patriarchal state, which tolerated their popularity in print but punished their bodies in life.
Development of genetically modified citrus plants for the control of citrus canker and huanglongbing

Citrus cultivation is challenging due to the plethora of abiotic and biotic stresses faced by the crop. In recent years, production has been severely affected by diseases such as citrus canker and huanglongbing (HLB). Disease management is hampered as there is no field resistance to these diseases in any of the important commercially planted varieties. Traditionally, conventional breeding approaches have been applied for the improvement of the susceptible cultivars; however, this technique is laborious and time consuming. Genetic transformation of citrus allows for the rapid integration of novel genes into the plant’s genome to develop disease-resistant transgenic plants. Therefore, efforts have been made to utilize genetic engineering tools to develop genetically modified citrus that are resistant to citrus canker and HLB. This review summarizes the major achievements made in the development of citrus canker and HLB tolerance using transgenic technologies.
Hierarchical Modeling for Reliability and Performance Measures

In this paper we model three aspects of fault-tolerant multiprocessor systems and study their influence on both performance and reliability measures in a combined way. These include concurrency, contention and fault-tolerance. Hierarchical modeling allows complex systems to be analyzed easily by splitting the overall model into layers. SHARPE is a powerful tool which allows the use of eight different model types that can be hierarchically combined to obtain a solution for some measure of the whole system. SHARPE also allows general distributions and hence instead of assuming exponentially distributed random variables, we can model more realistic cases. Examples presented here are small for ease of explanation; however, larger problems have also been solved within this framework. This paper thus lays the ground work for modeling existing systems with real data using these techniques.
Modeling Human Jumping Force on a Flexible Structure Using Control Models

Live loads on structures such as dance halls, fitness centers, and malls can generate excessive vibrations causing serviceability problems. Several models were used to model force generated by human jumping on a flexible structure such as semi-sinusoidal pulse force, Fourier series, statistical model of the dynamic loads, and pseudo-variable mass models. While these models area able to represent the dynamics of the system in some cases, the human body is a more complex dynamic system. For example, Fourier series model and even other mentioned models are not capable to consider an external excitation like music sound as input to the overall system. This paper expands a prior model of human standing on flexible structure using control theory to a model that consider sound as the excitation to the human-structure system. Energy is added to the system when a person jump or performing short movement up and down at the bit of a metronome. Here, the sound created by the metronome is used as input to overall system.
Nanoscale Friction Behavior of Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides: Role of the Chalcogenide

Despite extensive research on the tribological properties of MoS2, the frictional characteristics of other members of the transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) family have remained relatively unexplored. To understand the effect of the chalcogen on the tribological behavior of these materials and gain broader general insights into the factors controlling friction at the nanoscale, we compared the friction force behavior for a nanoscale single asperity sliding on MoS2, MoSe2, and MoTe2 in both bulk and monolayer forms through a combination of atomic force microscopy experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. Experiments and simulations showed that, under otherwise identical conditions, MoS2 has the highest friction among these materials and MoTe2 has the lowest. Simulations complemented by theoretical analysis based on the Prandtl-Tomlinson model revealed that the observed friction contrast between the TMDs was attributable to their lattice constants, which differed depending on the chalcogen. While the corrugation amplitudes of the energy landscapes are similar for all three materials, larger lattice constants permit the tip to slide more easily across correspondingly wider saddle points in the potential energy landscape. These results emphasize the critical role of the lattice constant, which can be the determining factor for frictional behavior at the nanoscale.
Riparian vegetation limits oxidation of thermodynamically unfavorable bound-carbon stocks along an aquatic interface

In light of increasing terrestrial carbon (C) transport across aquatic boundaries, the mechanisms governing organic carbon (OC) oxidation along terrestrial-aquatic interfaces are crucial to future climate predictions. Here, we investigate biochemistry, metabolic pathways, and thermodynamics corresponding to OC oxidation in the Columbia River corridor. We leverage natural vegetative differences to encompass variation in terrestrial C inputs. Our results suggest that decreases in terrestrial C deposition associated with diminished riparian vegetation induce oxidation of physically-bound (i.e., mineral and microbial) OC at terrestrial-aquatic interfaces. We also find that contrasting metabolic pathways oxidize OC in the presence and absence of vegetation and, in direct conflict with the concept of priming, that inputs of water-soluble and thermodynamically-favorable terrestrial OC protects bound-OC from oxidation. Based on our results, we propose a mechanistic conceptualization of OC oxidation along terrestrial-aquatic interfaces that can be used to model heterogeneous patterns of OC loss under changing land cover distributions.
ISSN Is for Black, White, and Many Shades of Grey

The International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) is a unique identifier most often associated with popular magazines, scholarly journals, and newspapers. The scope of ISSN, however, includes many ty...
Vertical Integration Under Competition: Forward, Backward, or No Integration?

We consider two competing supply chains, each consisting of a supplier, a manufacturer, and a retailer. The suppliers exert effort to improve product quality, and the retailers sell products competitively. Each manufacturer chooses one of the three strategies: forward integration, backward integration, or no vertical integration. We seek for a subgame perfect Nash equilibrium and study the resulting market structure. Moreover, we characterize the effect of vertical integration on profitability, product price, and quality in a competitive setting. Existing literature has shown that, when manufacturers consider only forward integration, they may choose not to vertically integrate in equilibrium. In contrast, we find that, when both forward and backward integration options are considered, disintegration cannot be an equilibrium outcome. In this case, both manufacturers either forward or backward integrate, and the degree of product perishability, cost of quality, and how much consumers value quality are critical for the chosen direction of integration. Furthermore, competition increases attractiveness of backward integration relative to forward integration. We show that, while integrating backward unilaterally is always beneficial, unilateral forward integration can harm a manufacturer’s profitability. Finally, vertical integration can result in a better quality product sold at a lower price.
A comparison of hygrothermal simulation results derived from four simulation tools

The objective of this work was to compare the hygrothermal responses and the moisture performance of four wood-frame walls as predicted by four hygrothermal (HAM) simulation tools, namely: DELPHIN,...
Dividing the City: Race-Restrictive Covenants and the Architecture of Segregation in St. Louis:

Dividing the City uses a newly discovered, parcel-level, record of restrictive covenants (circa 1850-1950) to document the scope, variety, location, timing, dissemination, and impact of racial rest...
A pilot randomized clinical trial of a teamwork intervention for heart failure care dyads.

Abstract Background Dyadic heart failure (HF) management can improve outcomes for patients and caregivers and can be enhanced through eHealth interventions. Objective To evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of an eHealth dyadic teamwork intervention, compared to an attention control condition. Methods We recruited 29 HF patient-caregiver dyads from inpatient units and randomized dyads to an intervention or a control group. We calculated enrollment and retention rates, described acceptability using interview and questionnaire data, and computed intervention effect sizes. Results 37% of eligible dyads agreed to participate and 93% of randomized participants completed follow-up questionnaires. Participants found both study conditions to be acceptable. Between-group effect sizes suggested that the intervention led to improvements in relationship quality, self-efficacy, and quality of life for patients and caregivers. Conclusions Dyadic recruitment from acute care settings is challenging. Findings provide initial evidence that our intervention can contribute to better health outcomes for HF dyads.
Chapter 7 Overlapping generations models with money and transactions costs

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses overlapping generation's (OG) models with money and transaction costs. Models are used with an infinite number of goods and agents. The chapter discusses money-in-the-utility function (MIUF) models and the usefulness of OG models for monetary theory. OG model gives the best available model of fiat money as it integrates the valuation of an intrinsically useless piece of paper that is inconvertible into real goods with the rest of value theory. Any model of fiat money confronts the intrinsic uselessness of the pieces of paper called “fiat money” and their postulated inconvertibility. The chapter presents the principal conclusions of this approach for both normative and positive monetary theory and evaluates what happens to these conclusions when various types of transactions costs are introduced into the model. The chapter discusses problems that are important in evaluating the robustness of the normative and positive conclusions for monetary economics.
Kinetics of Acetate Utilization by Two Thermophilic Acetotrophic Methanogens: Methanosarcina sp. Strain CALS-1 and Methanothrix sp. Strain CALS-1.

The kinetics of acetate utilization were examined for washed concentrated cell suspensions of two thermophilic acetotrophic methanogens isolated from a 58°C anaerobic digestor. Progress curves for acetate utilization by cells of Methanosarcina sp. strain CALS-1 showed that the utilization rate was concentration independent (zero order) above concentrations near 3 mM and that acetate utilization ceased when a threshold concentration near 1 mM was reached. Acetate utilization by cells of Methanothrix sp. strain CALS-1 was concentration independent down to 0.1 to 0.2 mM, and threshold values of 12 to 21 μM were observed. Typical utilization rates in the concentration-independent stage were 210 and 130 nmol min−1 mg of protein−1 for the methanosarcina and the methanothrix, respectively. These results are in agreement with a general model in which high acetate concentrations favor Methanosarcina spp., while low concentrations favor Methanothrix spp. However, acetate utilization by these two strains did not follow simple Michaelis-Menton kinetics.
EQUILIBRIUM IN A SIMPLIFIED DYNAMIC, STOCHASTIC ECONOMY WITH HETEROGENEOUS AGENTS

We study a dynamic, stochastic economy with several agents, who may differ in their endowments (of a single commodity) and in their utilities. An equilibrium financial market is constructed, under the condition that all agents have infinite marginal utility at zero. If, in addition, the Arrow–Pratt indices of relative risk aversion for all agents are less than or equal to one, then uniqueness of equilibrium is also proved. When agents consume and invest in this equilibrium market so as to maximize their expected utility of consumption, their aggregate endowment is consumed as it enters the economy and all financial instruments are held in zero net supply. Explicit examples are provided.
Differential localization of phosphoinositide-linked metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR1) and the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor in rat brain

The type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR1) is through to act via the phosphoinositide (PI) system with the associated formation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and Ca2+ release. Utilizing immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, we have localized protein and mRNA, respectively, for the mGluR1 and the IP3 receptor (IP3R). We have also localized glutamate-linked PI turnover by autoradiography with 3H-cytidine. We observe a striking contrast in localizations of mGluR1 and IP3R both for protein and mRNA. For instance, mGluR1 occurs in the apparent absence of IP3R in neurons of the stratum oriens of the CA1 hippocampus, islands of Calleja, anterodorsal nucleus of thalamus, lateral nucleus of hypothalamus, and the granular cell layer and the deep nuclei of cerebellum. mGluR1 actions in these brain regions may primarily be mediated through the protein kinase C limb of the PI system, as they contain moderate amounts of 3H-phorbol ester binding. The subthalamic nucleus, red nucleus, and Darkshevich's nucleus, which possess high levels of mGluR1, are devoid of both IP3R immunoreactivity and 3H-phorbol ester binding. These reciprocal localizations suggest that mGluR1 actions in many brain areas may not primarily involve IP3, reflecting instead influences on protein kinase C or other second messengers.
A recurrent neural network controller and learning algorithm for the on-line learning control of autonomous underwater vehicles

A new on-line direct control scheme for the Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV), using recurrent neural networks, is investigated. In the proposed scheme, the controller consists of a three-layer network architecture having feedforward input and output layers, and a totally recurrent hidden layer. All the interconnection strengths are synchronously updated using a computationally inexpensive learning algorithm called Alopex. The updating is based on the output error of the system directly, rather than using a transformed version of the error employed in the other neural network based direct control schemes. In the present implementation, the network starts from random initial conditions without needing any prior training, and learns the dynamics of the AUV to provide the correct control signal. Based on the simulation experiments using the nonlinear dynamics of an AUV, we demonstrate that the proposed learning algorithm and the network architecture provide stable and accurate tracking performance. We have also addressed the issue of robustness of the controller to system parameter variations as well as to measurement disturbances.
Death Rates Versus Deaths

To the Editor: In the October 24, 2000, issue of Circulation , Morrow et al1 present a simple, validated scoring system (1 through 14 points) using clinical variables to measure the risk of mortality after ST-elevation myocardial infarction. In this system, risk rises progressively with higher scores and is maximal for a composite score >8. The authors state that a score >6 identifies a segment of the population (12%) that has double the mean mortality risk of the total population, and they imply that this cohort should be the major target for treatment. Risk data certainly drive risk-benefit and cost analyses. I am concerned, however, that using the >6-point cutoff ignores almost 60% of the total deaths in this population. Analysis of the absolute number of deaths at 30 days shows a peak at a risk score of 5 and …