cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Digital Media Use Among U.S. Children.

Introduction Increasing amounts of time using digital media (i.e., texting, social media, electronic gaming, and general smartphone and computer use) among children and adolescents is becoming a growing concern given its potentially deleterious effects on health. However, little is known about the social and developmental underpinnings of digital media use among children and youth. This study examines the link between adverse childhood experiences and digital media use among a recent, nationally representative sample of children and adolescents. Methods Data pertaining to children/youth aged 6–17 years from the 2018 National Survey of Children's Health were analyzed in 2020 (N=21,954). The association between 9 distinct forms of childhood adversity and time spent on digital media among youth was assessed using multinomial logistic regression. The mediating roles of family-, parent-, and child-level factors were determined using the Karlson–Holm–Breen method. Results Net of covariates, the relative risk of heavy digital media use was 3 times higher among youth experiencing ≥4 adverse childhood experiences than among those experiencing none. Both family resilience and connection as well as parenting stress emerged as significant mediators of the association between adverse childhood experiences and heavy digital media use, collectively accounting for approximately 39% of the association. Conclusions In an effort to mitigate heavy digital media use, providers and practitioners who consistently interact with youth should consider screening for adverse childhood experiences and referring high-risk youth and their families for various prevention and treatment programs poised to address these risk factors.
'Reciprocal Landscapes: Stories of Material Movements'

In the field of landscape architecture and across the design professions, it is common practice to dedicate a significant amount of time and effort to researching and visualizing material relations...
A systematic review and meta-analysis of cell-based interventions in experimental diabetic kidney disease

Regenerative, cell-based therapy is a promising treatment option for diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which has no cure. To prepare for clinical translation, this systematic review and meta-analysis summarized the effect of cell-based interventions in DKD animal models and treatment-related factors modifying outcomes. Electronic databases were searched for original investigations applying cell-based therapy in diabetic animals with kidney endpoints (January 1998-May 2019). Weighted or standardized mean differences were estimated for kidney outcomes and pooled using random-effects models. Subgroup analyses tested treatment-related factor effects for outcomes (creatinine, urea, urine protein, fibrosis, and inflammation). In 40 studies (992 diabetic rodents), therapy included mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC; 61%), umbilical cord/amniotic fluid cells (UC/AF; 15%), non-MSC (15%), and cell-derived products (13%). Tissue sources included bone marrow (BM; 65%), UC/AF (15%), adipose (9%), and others (11%). Cell-based therapy significantly improved kidney function while reducing injury markers (proteinuria, histology, fibrosis, inflammation, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal-transition, oxidative stress). Preconditioning, xenotransplantation, and disease-source approaches were effective. MSC and UC/AF cells had greater effect on kidney function while cell products improved fibrosis. BM and UC/AF tissue sources more effectively improved kidney function and proteinuria vs adipose or other tissues. Cell dose, frequency, and administration route also imparted different benefits. In conclusion, cell-based interventions in diabetic animals improved kidney function and reduced injury with treatment-related factors modifying these effects. These findings may aid in development of optimal repair strategies through selective use of cells/products, tissue sources, and dose administrations to allow for successful adaptation of this novel therapeutic in human DKD.
A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction on academic resilience and performance in college students.

Objective The transition into college can pose barriers for student success. We examined the impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) compared to an active and no treatment control group, respectively, on stressor appraisals, academic persistence, and performance in unversity students. Participants Students were randomly assigned to receive MBSR (n = 29), study skills active control (n = 27), or no treatment (n = 29). Method Participants reported stressor appraisals and academic persistence pre- and post-intervention. Semester grade point average (GPA) and enrollment was also obtained. Results Academic stressor appraisals did not vary by group. MBSR was protective against depleted academic persistence, whereas academic persistence decreased in the control groups. Enrollment rates remained unchanged in the MBSR group, but increased in the active control relative to no treatment. Finally, GPA improved in the MBSR group, but not controls. Conclusions Findings suggest that MBSR confers some benefits for resilience in university students.
Chapter 4 – Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains are a leading cause of diarrhea among infants in developing countries. These bacteria spread via fecal–oral transmission and colonize the small intestine. Typical EPEC differs from atypical strains in that they possess the bfp operon and generate a type IV-B class of fimbriae known as the bundle-forming pilus (BFP). EPEC uses BFP to attach to intestinal epithelium. Upon attachment, EPEC translocates effector proteins into the host cell via a type 3 secretion system, which is encoded on a pathogenicity island known as the locus of enterocyte effacement. Translocated effectors modulate the host response in a number of ways, including subversion of immune responses and hijacking of the cytoskeletal system. By inducing actin rearrangement, EPEC causes the formation of actin pedestals onto which it sits, and leads to the effacement of microvilli, giving this bacterium a characteristic attaching and effacing phenotype. EPEC infections are typically self-limiting, with rehydration therapy constituting primary treatment, but they can be protracted and lethal. Breastfeeding provides a great protective effect, validating the use of a vaccine to induce a humoral response in mother or child as a potential means of preventative action. This chapter provides a detailed discussion on EPEC pathogenesis and host cell responses and summarizes the current detection and treatment options available.
Barriers to the Development of the Polish Banking System in the 1990s and to the Increasing Integration of the Household Sector

The last three years have seen the dramatic transformation of the Polish banking system from a monobank that served primarily as an accounting system for the central plan to an increasingly dynamic system of independent commercial banks. Financing for productive enterprise, mortgages and household expenditures however remains restricted by a variety of problems. Some of which will be resolved naturally through increasing competition, while others reflect more profound problems in the macro-environment and the economic structure inherited from the socialist past. There has been a greater integration of households in the banking sector but here also, flaws in the deposit insurance scheme have prevented the efficient intermediation of private savings while deficiencies in the mortgage system prevent necessary expansion of housing construction on a solid basis.
Evidence that danazol inhibits gonadotropin-induced ovarian steroidogenesis at a point distal to gonadotropin-receptor interaction and adenosine 3′,5′ cyclic monophosphate formation

Abstract The action of danazol on 125 I-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) binding, gonadotropin-stimulated adenosine 3′,5′ cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation and progesterone production has been investigated in luteinized rat ovaries. Preincubation of luteal cells for short periods of time with increasing concentrations of danazol caused a significant inhibition of gonadotropin-stimulated steroidogenesis. The inhibitory effect of danazol was both concentration and time dependent. Danazol also reduced progesterone production in response to cholera enterotoxin and 8 bromo-adenosine-cAMP, but it had no effect on hCG, luteinizing hormone, and cholera enterotoxin stimulated cAMP formation. Similarly danazol did not affect 125 I-hCG binding as assessed by the equilibrium dissociation constant (K d ) and number of hormone-binding sites on the luteal cell surface. These results suggest that in intact luteal cells danazol inhibits steroidogenesis at a point distal to hormone-receptor interaction and cAMP formation.
The Gated Interconnection Network for Dynamic Programming

The SIMD character of fine grain cellular architectures presents serious limitations for all but the first levels of image processing performed. Typically, an image is processed to the point where segmentation has occurred and it is now necessary for region dependent analysis. This might begin with simple data dependent operations such as region labeling followed by extraction of primitive symbolic information (area, perimeter, minimum bounding rectangle) and the gathering of other statistics (moments, histograms). Later this processing would be followed by higher level symbolic operations intended to extract features that ultimately would lead to object recognition. In such cases it is necessary to process each region separately in some way. If there were numerous regions in an image, then a purely SIMD architecture would be efficient only to the extent that the region being processed occupies a significant fraction of the image.
The effect of tryptophan deficiency on the bones and teeth of rats. III. Effect of age.

Abstract The severity of the disturbances produced in both the long bones and the alveolar bone appear to depend a great deal on the age of the animal at the time the deficiency is induced. The long bones of normal rats exhibit a narrowing of the epiphyseal plate, as well as a decrease in bone density with increased age. The deficiency was capable of producing these “geriatric” changes prematurely. Thus, the thickness of the cartilage disc in the younger age groups was far below the normal for the age of the animal. The deficiency produces a premature arrest of growth and the disc resembles that of an adult rat. However, the deficiency period of only seven weeks was not capable of seriously altering the epiphyseal plate of the older animals. The cartilage disc in these animals was comparable to that of normal animals of a similar age. The alveolar bone similarly was most affected in the young and least in the older animals. An interesting observation was that the older animals, while exhibiting minimal bone loss, appeared to have greater gingival involvement.
Identification of Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide and Heme in a Homogeneous Spermidine Dehydrogenase from Serratia marcescens

Abstract Spermidine dehydrogenase has been purified 5,000-fold to homogeneity from extracts of Serratia marcescens. The molecular weight is 76,000; no evidence has been obtained for subunits. The spectrum of the enzyme is characteristic of a heme protein. Both iron-protoporphyrin IX and flavin adenine dinucleotide have been identified in the enzyme in a molar ratio of heme to FAD to enzyme protein of approximately 0.8:0.9:1.0.
Boronnitrogen compounds : LXI. Studies on (2-pyridylamino)diphenylborane and some related species

Abstract (2-Aminopyridine)-triphenylborane, (2-H 2 NC 5 H 4 N)B(C 6 H 5 ) 3 , has been prepared from its acidbase pair constituents; pyrolysis of the compound yields B -triphenyl- N -tris(2-pyridyl)borazine, [BC 6 H 5 N(2-C 5 H 4 N)] 3 . An intermediate in the transamination of (dimethylamino)diphenylborane with 2-aminopyridine to yield (2-pyridylamino)diphenylborane, (2-C 5 H 4 N)NHB(C 6 H 5 ) 2 , has been isolated and was identified to be a 1 : 1 molar adduct of (dimethylamino)diphenylborane with 2-aminopyridine. Somewhat related to this 1 : 1 adduct is a material that is obtained as initial product of the interaction of (2-pyridylamino)diphenylborane with water, which can be formulated as a 1 : 1 : 1 adduct of (2-pyridylamino)diphenylborane, (hydroxy)diphenylborane and 2-aminopyridine; pyrolysis of this species yields (diphenylboryl)(2-pyridylamino-phenylboryl) oxide, (C 6 H 5 ) 2 BOBC 6 H 5 NH(2-C 5 H 4 N), for which a coordinated cyclic structure is suggested. This same diboryl oxide is obtained from the interaction of (2-pyridylamino)dipheynylborane with molecular oxygen and also by the reaction of the cited aminoborane with acetophenone via oxygen abstraction from the latter. (2-Pyridylamino)diphenylborane 1,2-aminoboronates one CO double bond of carbon dioxide; this reaction is analogous to the reaction of (2-pyridylamino)diphenylborane with aldehydes or ketones as described previously.
Chapter Eight - Biosynthesis of Terpenophenolic Metabolites in Hop and Cannabis

Cannabis and Humulus are closely related genera of Cannabaceae that share many unusual biological and phytochemical characteristics. These include their dioecious nature, the presence of glandular trichomes on inflorescences, and the biosynthesis of terpenophenolic secondary metabolites in these trichomes. This chapter makes clear that while the structures of the terpenophenolics found in hop and cannabis may vary, the biosynthetic pathways by which they are formed display a common pattern of polyketide formation, prenylation, and cyclization/decoration. The discovery of the polyketide synthases, prenyltransferases, and other enzymes responsible for terpenophenolic synthesis in cannabis and hop will open up new opportunities for metabolic engineering of these economically important crops. Applications could include the production of zero-cannabinoid cannabis varieties for use in food and fiber production and varieties with tailored cannabinoid profiles for medicinal use. Although genetic modification of hop is unlikely to be accepted by consumers, the creation of hop varieties with modified terpenophenolic contents through molecular breeding efforts could be envisioned.
Cross-Situational Projection

I go eyeball to eyeball with some other creature - and I yearn to know the essential quality of its markedly diff erent vitality… Give me one minute - just one minute - inside the skin of this creature… and then I will know what natural historians have sought through the ages… Instead, we can only peer in from the outside, look our subject straight in the face, and wonder, ever wonder. - Stephen Jay Gould, 1998, p. 377Although Gould lamented naturalists’ inability to gain an insiders perspective of sloths and shrews, this fundamental barrier is not unique to interspecies perspective taking. Humans face a similar barrier when they try to understand what it feels like to be another human. We cannot step inside the skin of another human. Just as naturalists facing sloths and shrews, we can only peer in at other humans from the outside, look each other in the face, and wonder. Is problem of Other Minds is something of a hassle in everyday life. Most of our behavior is social, so many of our actions require at least a guess at other people’s hearts and minds. It is not surprising, then, that many areas of social psychology are deeply concerned with perspective taking activity and ability. Impression formation, causal attribution, group dynamics, romantic relations, stereotypes and prejudice, negotiation and conflict resolution all relate in oneway or another to people’s attempts to predict and understand the psychological states of other people.
The human connectome in health and psychopathology

A basic tenet of biological psychiatry is that psychiatric disorders are driven by abnormalities in brain function, which in turn reflect abnormalities in the underlying brain circuits, i.e., in the wiring of the brain. These circuit abnormalities presumably reflect a complex interplay between genes and environment. Many psychiatric disorders have strong genetic underpinnings: common or rare variants of genes, individually or in combination, elevate the susceptibility to disorders such as autism (1), schizophrenia (2), and many others. Most psychiatric disorders are thought to be neurodevelopmental in nature, either because symptoms typically arise during childhood (e.g., autism) or because the interactions between genes and environment begin early, even if the onset of the disorder becomes evident only in adolescence or adulthood. To better understand, diagnose, and treat psychiatric disorders, it is crucial to obtain deeper insights into brain circuits in health and disease and in humans and animal models. Here, we focus on the relevance of human in vivo neuroimaging, particularly involving magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We briefly address three major points. First, recent neuroimaging studies have already provided important insights about abnormalities related to brain structure, function, and connectivity in psychopathology. Second, recent advances in neuroimaging of healthy adults, including many driven by the Human Connectome Project, offer exciting prospects for accelerated progress in characterizing disease-related brain connectivity abnormalities. Third, methodological limitations of each neuroimaging method, some of which are inadequately appreciated, require critical assessments and careful interpretation of research findings, especially when placed in the context of the extraordinary complexity of brain circuits revealed by studies of laboratory animals.
New alnico magnets fabricated from pre-alloyed gas atomization powder through diverse consolidation techniques

Fine Alnico 8 spherical powder produced by gas atomization was consolidated through hot pressing (HP), hot isostatic pressing (HIP), and compression molding and subsequent sintering (CMS) techniques. The effects of different fabrication techniques and processing parameters on microstructure and magnetic properties were analyzed and compared. The HP, HIP, and CMS magnets exhibited different features in microstructures and magnetic properties. Magnetically annealed at 840 °C for 10 min and subsequently tempered at 650 °C for 5 h and 580 °C for 15 h, the HIP sample achieved the best coercivity ( $H_{\mathrm {cj}} =1845$ Oe) due to spinodally decomposed (SD) phases with uniform and well-faceted mosaic morphology. The CMS sample had a lower $H_{\mathrm {cj}}$ than HIP and HP samples, but a higher remanence and thus the best energy product (6.5 MGOe) due to preferential grain alignment induced by abnormal grain growth.
Faculty Interjudge Reliability of Music Performance Evaluation

Assessment of music performance in authentic contexts remains an underinvestigated area of research. This study is an examination of one such context, the inter-judge reliability of faculty evaluation of end-of-semester applied music performances. Brass (n = 4), percussion (n = 2), woodwind (n = 5), voice (n = 5), piano (n = 3), and string (n = 5) instructors evaluating a recent semester's applied music juries at a large university participated in the study. Each evaluator completed a criterion-specific rating scale for each performer and assigned each performance a global letter grade not shared with other evaluators or with the performer. Interjudge reliability was determined for each group's rating scale total scores, subscale scores, and the letter-grade assessment. All possible permutations of two, three, and four were examined for interjudge reliability, and averaged correlations, standard deviations, and ranges were determined. Full-panel interjudge reliability was consistently good regardless of p...
Globalization, American Politics, and Welfare Policy

The welfare state is under attack in all of the rich countries where it flourished over the course of the twentieth century. Rollbacks are said to be imperative. The big argument for why this is so emphasizes globalization and technological change, which together have heightened international trade and investment competition. But rather than a widespread race to the bottom that these economic determinants would suggest, welfare state outcomes have been very different from country to country. These variations, and in particular the fact that the United States has been the rollback pioneer, argue that politics plays a large role in contemporary welfare state politics. American developments are best explained by paying attention to the political mobilization of business over the past two decades, on the one hand, and the uses of the politics of resentment and marginalization on the other hand.
Submarine Bench at 5 M, Oahu, Hawaii

Koko bench, the proposed name for a submarine bench 5 m below mean lower low water, is well exposed on the east side of Hanauma Bay off Oahu, Hawaii. The bench is as much as 12m wide and is bordered by a nearly vertical cliff on the shoreward side and by a marginal rampart as much as 1 m high on the seaward side. The fringing reef in Hanauma Bay has overgrown Koko bench. Carbon-14 dating of cores from the reef at the horizon of Koko bench indicates that the bench formed no more recently than 4,100 to 4,400 yrs B.P. The reef has been growing at the rate of about 30 cm per 50 yrs during the time that the dated portion was accumulating.
Signals and Systems II Part VI: Vestigial-sideband modulation and nonintegral rate changes

Part V discussed frequency conversion and its use in larger systems. This sixth and last article in the series is about two topics: first, vestigial-sideband modulation as an example system of significant complexity and, second, changing a sample rate by a rational but nonintegral ratio. Figures are numbered in one sequence across the entire series, and gaps appear in their numbering in some individual articles.
The 1980 patient urgency study: further analysis of the data.

The patient urgency study was a comprehensive nationwide evaluation of patient and physician perceptions of the urgency of need for medical care. Half of the patients in the study were between the ages of 13 and 21. The necessity for immediate care, specifically emergency department care, and admission varied proportionately with increasing age. There was little variation in patient volume by day of the week, although the 8:00 am to 4:00 pm shift was demonstrably the busiest; the midnight to 8:00 am shift, however, had proportionately more sick patients. Sixty percent of the patients came to the ED because they believed that they had an emergency problem; 62% of patients had a personal physician. The average number of patients admitted in the ED population was 12.5%, with a range of 4.1% to 22.9%. ED residents underestimated the urgency of need for medical care 6.7% of the time, in comparison with only 3.7% for career emergency physicians. Physicians noted that 7.4% of patients who left without being seen initially required immediate care.
GABA(B) and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors in the striatopallidal complex in primates.

Glutamate and GABA neurotransmission is mediated through various types of ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. In this review, we summarise some of our recent findings on the subcellular and subsynaptic localisation of GABA B and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors in the striatopallidal complex of monkeys. Polyclonal antibodies that specifically recognise GABA B R1, mGluR1a and mGluR5 receptor subtypes were used for immunoperoxidase and pre-embedding immunogold techniques at the light and electron microscope levels. Both subtypes of group I mGluRs were expressed postsynaptically in striatal projection neurons and interneurons where they aggregate perisynaptically at asymmetric glutamatergic synapses and symmetric dopaminergic synaptic junctions. Moreover, they are also strongly expressed in the main body of symmetric synapses established by putative intrastriatal GABAergic terminals. In the globus pallidus, both receptor subtypes are found postsynaptically in the core of striatopallidal GABAergic synapses and perisynaptically at subthalamopallidal glutamatergic synapses. Finally, extrasynaptic labelling was commonly seen in the globus pallidus and the striatum. Moderate to intense GABA B R1 immunoreactivity was observed in the striatopallidal complex. At the electron microscope level, GABA B R1 immunostaining was commonly found in neuronal cell bodies and dendrites. Many striatal dendritic spines also displayed GABA B R1 immunoreactivity. Moreover, GABA B R1immunoreactive axons and axon terminals were frequently encountered. In the striatum, GABA B R1immunoreactive boutons resembled terminals of cortical origin, while in the globus pallidus, subthalamic-like terminals were labelled. Pre-embedding immunogold data showed that postsynaptic GABA B R1 receptors are concentrated at extrasynaptic sites on dendrites, spines and somata in the striatopallidal complex, perisynaptically at asymmetric synapses and in the main body of symmetric striatopallidal synapses in the GPe and GPi. Consistent with the immunoperoxidase data, immunoparticles were found in the presynaptic grid of asymmetric synapses established by cortical- and subthalamic-like glutamatergic terminals. These findings indicate that both GABA and glutamate metabotropic receptors are located to subserve various modulatory functions of the synaptic transmission in the primate striatopallidal complex. Furthermore, their pattern of localisation raises issues about their roles and mechanisms of activation in normal and pathological conditions. Because of their ‘modulatory’ functions, these receptors are ideal targets for chronic drug therapies in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease.
Pattern formation at liquid interfaces

Abstract Quantitative experimental investigations of pattern formation at a liquid interface are described. The reaction studied is the photoreduction of Fe 3+ in aqueous solution and the subsequent formation of Turnbull's Blue. Both the wavelength of the pattern and the time at which the break in homogeneity occurs have been studied as functions of the concentrations of the reactants and the viscosity of the solvent. Many of the features of the process are consistent with a mechanism in which autocatalysis is enhanced by double diffusion. Preliminary studies of pattern formation in the KI/starch/chloralhydrate system are also presented.
Nodular Pulmonary Opacities in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Diagnostic Dilemma

Nodular opacities are a well-known pulmonary manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), occurring most often in seropositive men who smoke and have subcutaneous nodules. In the past 15 years two cases of lung carcinoma presenting as pulmonary nodules have been reported in patients with rheumatoid disease. We present seven patients with seropositive RA and subcutaneous nodules who had new pulmonary nodule(s) noted on chest roentgenograms. All but one were current smokers. Carcinoma was found in all patients at bronchoscopy or thoracotomy. Four patients had solitary nodules (one was cavitary); the remaining three patients had multiple bilateral nodules that cavitated in one case. All patients had interstitial abnormality (peribronchial/vascular thickening) with basal predominance in three, and there was evidence of pleural thickening/fluid in three patients. These results strongly suggest that histologic proof of presumed rheumatoid pulmonary nodules be obtained.
The importance of brachytherapy technique in the management of primary carcinoma of the vagina.

This retrospective analysis of 49 cases of primary carcinoma of the vagina treated with radiation therapy alone from 1970-1988 examines the results of treatment with an emphasis on the importance of brachytherapy technique. Thirty-six patients were treated with combined external beam radiation and brachytherapy, 11 patients were treated with external beam alone, and two patients were treated with brachytherapy alone. Brachytherapy techniques used included intracavitary implants, temporary Ir-192 interstitial implants, and permanent I-125 interstitial implants. Intracavitary therapy included the use of a fractionated high dose rate intravaginal cylinder, tandem and ovoids, and a low dose rate intravaginal cylinder. The 5-year actuarial survival was 44% for Stage I (six patients), 48% for Stage II (27 patients), 40% for Stage III (10 patients), and 0% for Stage IVa and IVb (six patients). There was a significant increase in the 5-year actuarial survival for those patients who had brachytherapy as part of their treatment compared to those patients treated with external beam alone (50% vs. 9%) (p < .001). For Stages II and III, there was a trend toward improved actuarial and crude disease free survival with the use of a temporary Ir-192 interstitial implant as part of the treatment compared to the use of intracavitary brachytherapy as part of the treatment (80% vs. 45%) (p = 0.25) and (75% vs. 44%) (p = 0.08), respectively. Brachytherapy plays an important role in the management of primary vaginal cancer. A temporary interstitial implant should be used over an intracavitary form of therapy for more invasive disease.
A test of communication‐orientation motivation (COM) therapy

This study tested the ability of Communication‐Orientation Motivation (COM) therapy (Motley, 1995) to reduce public speaking apprehension. The investigation was deemed necessary due to the inconsistent nature of previous results on the effectiveness of COM therapy. Respondents who scored one standard deviation above the mean on a measure of public speaking apprehension (PSA) formed the target population. Participants were exposed to COM therapy, Systematic Desensitization, a placebo, or no treatment. A pretest‐posttest control group design was employed. Participants delivered pretest speeches, responded to a battery of self‐report measures, were exposed to the appropriate intervention as called for by the experimental design, delivered a posttest speech, and responded to the self‐report measures. In general, COM therapy was found to be effective in reducing PSA. The implications of this and other findings are discussed.
Phase locking in a two-element laser array with detuning

Abstract We have studied the effect of frequency detuning on phase locking in a two-element laser array. The observed modal behavior near the boundary of the locked and unlocked states shows that a two-element laser array can not be characterized simply as a two-mode system. The implication of the new understanding on previous theoretical predictions of laser dynamics is discussed.
Abstract A07: Targeting SETD2 knockout cells: A synthetic lethal approach to treating ccRCC

Background: Kidney cancer is estimated to affect 65,150 newly diagnosed individuals in 2013. Approximately 70% of these diagnoses will be clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Many targeted therapies for ccRCC are currently being pursued, as ccRCC is resistant to radiation and often does not respond to chemotherapy. The most commonly mutated tumor suppressor gene in ccRCC is VHL, located on chromosome 3. The loss of chromosome 3p is a high frequency event in ccRCC, which often also encompasses the genes PBRM1, BAP1, and SETD2. Mutations in one or more of these genes represent the next most common common genetic alterations in ccRCC. In our preliminary data, we have observed that mutations in SETD2, in particular, area associated with global deficits in chromatin packaging and organization. Methods: We are pursuing the opportunity to exploit SETD2 loss as a source of cellular fragility by performing a small molecule screen on SETD2 wild type and SETD2 knockout cell lines. We will use a screening set of epigenetically targeted compounds to perform a high throughput screen with cell viability as the endpoint, as well as use a selected few compounds to compare effect on wild type and knockout cells in a more in depth manner. Results: Preliminarily, we have tested SETD2 knock-down lines to confirm that we can effectively preform all aspects of this screen, and we have observed that one compound may specifically target SETD2 knock-down lines for reduced viability. In our current studies, we are repeating testing with the selected few compounds and beginning the high throughput screen with a SETD2 knockout cell line. Conclusion: Mutations in chromatin modifying genes in ccRCC present an opportunity for synthetic therapeutic approaches to induce reduced cell viability, as well as to identify unique meaningful interactions between chromatin modifier genes. Citation Format: Catherine C. Fahey, Kathryn E. Hacker, Jian Jin, Ian J. Davis, W. Kimryn Rathmell. Targeting SETD2 knockout cells: A synthetic lethal approach to treating ccRCC. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Synthetic Lethal Approaches to Cancer Vulnerabilities; May 17-20, 2013; Bellevue, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(5 Suppl):Abstract nr A07.
Electromagnetic field theory fundamentals

Preface 1. Electromagnetic field theory 2. Vector analysis 3. Electrostatics 4. Steady electrical currents 5. Magnetostatics 6. Applications of static fields 7. Time-varying electromagnetic fields 8. Plane wave propagation 9. Transmission lines 10. Waveguides and cavity resonators 11. Antennas 12. Computer-aided analysis of electromagnetic fields Appendix A. Smith chart and its applications Appendix B. Computer programs for various problems Appendix C. Useful mathematical tables Index.
THERMODYNAMIC AND QUANTUM CHEMICAL STUDY OF THE CONVERSION OF CHORISMATE TO (PYRUVATE + 4-HYDROXYBENZOATE)

A thermodynamic investigation of the conversion of chorismate2-(aq) to {pyruvate-(aq) + 4-hydroxybenzoate-(aq)} has been performed by using microcalorimetry and high-performance liquid chromatography. The study used a genetically engineered sample of chorismate lyase that was prepared with the Escherichia coli ubiC gene. The calorimetric measurements led to a standard molar enthalpy change = −(144 ± 7) kJ mol-1 for this reaction at the temperature T = 298.15 K and ionic strength Im = 0. An estimated value of the standard molar entropy change = 222 J K-1 mol-1 for the above reaction was used together with the experimental value of to obtain a standard molar Gibbs free energy change ≈ −210 kJ mol-1 and an equilibrium constant K ≈ 1037 for the conversion of chorismate2-(aq) to {pyruvate-(aq) + 4-hydroxybenzoate-(aq)} at T = 298.15 K and Im = 0. Quantum mechanics (Gaussian 94 with a B3LYP functional and a 6-31G* basis set) was used to calculate values of absolute energies for the neutral and ionic species per...
Blogging Current Affairs History

The internet poses acute challenges to historians. Blogging and other forms of internet communication have outstripped the reach of more conventional forms of academic publications. They also provi...
Diagnostic approach to needle biopsies of hepatic mass lesions

Abstract In clinical practice, a wide variety of benign and malignant lesions present as hepatic masses and are subjected to needle biopsy. For practical purposes, these lesions can be broadly classified into: (1) clearly hepatocytic and malignant; (2) clearly hepatocytic and of uncertain clinical nature and malignant potential; (3) clearly malignant and of uncertain lineage; and (4) neither clearly hepatocellular nor malignant. The diagnostic approach to each of these varies and requires integration of clinical, laboratory and imaging findings. Work-up often requires histochemical and immunohistochemical stains, which should be judiciously selected based on the H&E morphological pattern and the differential diagnosis. No single stain or standard composite panel of stains currently exists that is uniformly applicable. This review addresses appropriate triage of these biopsies and outlines a practical approach to the diagnosis of hepatic mass lesions, to encourage judicious use of resources, minimizing cost and time, and maximizing efficiency.
Assessing coping responses within specific faith traditions: suffering in silence, stress, and depressive symptoms among older Catholics

The purpose of this study is empirically evaluate a coping response that is thought to be unique among older Catholics - suffering in silence. Two hypotheses are examined. The first predicts that older Catholics will be more likely than older Protestants to suffer in silence when ongoing economic difficulty is encountered. The second hypothesis specifies that the potentially deleterious effects of financial problems on depressive symptoms will be offset for older adults who prefer to suffer in silence. Data from an ongoing nationwide survey of older people in the United States provide support for both hypotheses.
L0-stable split linear multistep formulas for parabolic PDEs

Abstract New types of split linear multistep methods (SLMMs) are applied to the numerical solution of parabolic differential equations. The formulas derived achieve up to fourth-order in time, and unlike the Crank-Nicolson method, are L0-stable.
An improved rat headclamp for neurosurgery or electrode implantation

Abstract An improved rat headclamp provides simple rapid positive fixation and orientation of the rat head without the necessity of placing bars or pins into the external auditory meatus.
The Impact of Postmodernization on Existential Health in Sweden: Psychology of Religion's Function in Existential Public Health Analysis

The article presents a portrait and analysis of the existential-psychocultural situation in postmodern Sweden. Drawing from recent research exploring psychology of religion and existential worldviews, and the Swedish findings from the international World Values Survey, an argument is made for thinking about existential function and dysfunction as public health issues. This is portrayed against the background of Sweden as one of the most secularized countries and simultaneously a country with one of the most encompassing welfare systems. Psychology of religion's updated role here would be to take responsibility for identifying and assessing the categories of function and dysfunction for an existential public health system. This role would also include the planning of policy for societal existential wellbeing, as well as planning prevention and intervention efforts for avoiding existential epidemiology. This new role fits well with public health's third revolution agenda focusing on health, wellbeing and quality of life.
Systemic and local cytokine profiles in endotoxin-induced preterm parturition in mice

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine whether endotoxin-induced preterm parturition is preceded by a change in the maternal serum and arnniotic fluid concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1α. STUDY DESIGN: C3H/HeN pregnant mice at 15 days of gestation (70% gestation) were randomized to receive an intraperitoneal injection of phosphate-buffered saline solution or lipopolysaccharide (50 μg/mouse). Blood ( n = 93) and amniotic fluid ( n = 58) were collected at 1,4, and 10 hours after lipopolysaccharide injection. Tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1α were determined with sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunoassays. RESULTS: The injection-to-delivery interval was shorter in mice injected intraperitoneally with 50 ILg lipopolysaccharide than in phosphate-buffered saline solution-treated mice (median 15.5 hours, range: 10 to 105 hours vs median 88.5 hours, range: 53 to 105 hours; p p p p p p p p p p CONCLUSION: Preterm delivery after lipopolysaccharide administration is preceded by the appearance of dramatic increases in maternal serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1α and in amniotic fluid concentrations of interleukin-6 and interleukin-1α.
Parasympathetic coronary vasoconstriction induced by nicotine in conscious calves.

We studied the effects of intracoronary injection of nicotine and acetylcholine on coronary blood flow in nine conscious calves chronically instrumented to measure coronary blood flow, left ventricular (LV) and mean arterial pressure, LV dP/dt, and heart rate. Nicotine (5 micrograms/kg i.c.) elicited a biphasic response in coronary blood flow consisting of an initial vasoconstriction (phase 1; blood flow fell by 52 +/- 5.4% from a baseline of 66 +/- 7.5 ml/min) followed by vasodilation (phase 2, blood flow rose 119 +/- 12.7% above baseline). The change in coronary blood flow with nicotine was not associated with changes in LV systolic pressure, mean arterial pressure, or heart rate. The change in coronary blood flow was unaffected by combined alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blockade with prazosin, rauwolscine, and propranolol but was abolished by either muscarinic blockade with atropine or ganglionic blockade with hexamethonium. Acetylcholine (0.5 microgram/kg i.c.), without affecting mean arterial pressure, elicited changes in coronary blood flow similar to those observed with nicotine, producing an initial phase of coronary vasoconstriction (blood flow fell by 71 +/- 4.9%) followed by vasodilation (blood flow rose by 228 +/- 20.7%). Both phases of the response to acetylcholine were abolished by muscarinic blockade but were unaffected by ganglionic blockade. When nicotine was injected into the left circumflex coronary artery, no change in blood flow was observed in the left anterior descending coronary artery, indicating the lack of involvement of global reflex pathways. These results suggest that nicotine locally stimulates parasympathetic nerves, which constrict the coronary circulation via a muscarinic mechanism.
Necessity of the hippocampus for alcohol's indirect but not direct behavioral action

Many of the behavioral actions of ethyl alcohol are mimicked by hippocampal lesions. With the present study, we begin to assess the extent to which alcohol's behavioral effects are actually mediated by the hippocampus. Using an appetitive runway task, the direct (pharmacological) and indirect (variously referred to as stimulus, dissociative, or state-dependent) actions of alcohol (dose increments from 0.75 to 1.12 g/kg) were investigated in rats with hippocampal or sham lesions. Alcohol facilitated performance (running time) during acquisition in both lesion and sham-operated rats, suggesting that the direct effects of alcohol were not dependent upon hippocampal mediation. Indirect ethanol actions were assessed in a 2 × 2 × 2 design, where half of the animals experienced a change from the alcohol or vehicle state that prevailed during training. Sham-operated animals displayed the usual asymmetrical dissociation, but lesion rats did not. They exhibited only the direct effects of the drug. Besides indicating the necessity of the hippocampus for indirect alcohol actions, the pattern of results permitted interpretation of asymmetry as the differential summation of direct and indirect drug effects. Finally, in every case—lesion or drug, direct or indirect action—the changes in runway performance were directly attributable to changes in the frequency of exploration within the alley that competed with running time, the usual performance measure.
Reelin Is a Ligand for Lipoprotein Receptors

A signaling pathway involving the extracellular protein Reelin and the intracellular adaptor protein Disabled-1 (Dab1) controls cell positioning during mammalian brain development. Here, we demonstrate that Reelin binds directly to lipoprotein receptors, preferably the very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) and apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2). Binding requires calcium, and it is inhibited in the presence of apoE. Furthermore, the CR-50 monoclonal antibody, which inhibits Reelin function, blocks the association of Reelin with VLDLR. After binding to VLDLR on the cell surface, Reelin is internalized into vesicles. In dissociated neurons, apoE reduces the level of Reelin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Dab1. These data suggest that Reelin directs neuronal migration by binding to VLDLR and ApoER2.
Isotopic composition of lead in volcanic rocks from central Honshu - with regard to basalt genesis

The isotopic composition of lead and concentrations of lead, uranium, and thorium were determined in tholeiitic and high-alumina basalts, and their calc-alkali rock series, from central Japan. The isotopic composition of lead of high alumina basalts is similar to that of tholeiites from adjacent areas, whereas their silicic differentiates (calc-alkali rock series) are rich in 207Pb and 208Pb. This is interpreted as a result of crustal contamination. The isotopic composition of lead in the primary basalts gradually decreases in radiogenic character from the Pacific Ocean side to the Japan Sea side, whereas the observed 238U/204Pb and 232Th/238U ratios in the basalts increase in the same direction. This inverse correlation can be interpreted as resulting from differentiation of the upper mantle about 3.6b.y. ago, with tholeiite (Pacific side) generated from a shallower zone than the alkali basalt (Japan Sea side). The magma generation is associated with a process which extracts Pb preferentially to U and Th at shallower depth and U and Th preferentially to Pb at deeper depth in the past (multi differentiation for the source region) or at the magma generation stage. An alternative interpretation of this inverse correlation is that the ocean floor is being thrust under the Japanese Island arcs and the isotopic difference is produced by the degree of mixing of mantle material under the arcs with thrust material.
Metabolism of 4(5)-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)-imidazole-5(4)-carboxamide to 4(5)-aminoimidazole-5(4)-carboxamide in man.

Abstract Administration of4(5)-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-5(4)-carboxamide (DIC), a structural analogue of 4(5)-aminoimidazole-5(4)-carboxamide (AIC), i.V. or P.O., to patients with cancer was followed by increased urinary AIC excretion. After a single i.v. administration of 4.5 mg/kg of DIC, AIC excretion in the 24-hr period after DIC administration was 20 per cent of the dose of DIC given. When the same dose was given p.o., about 16.5 per cent of the dose of DIC was excreted as AIC within 24 hr. One patient given DIC p.o. at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg every 6 hr for four consecutive doses excreted about 13.6 per cent of each dose as AIC in each 6-hr period. Two patients were given DIC-2- 14 C p.o. Ion-exchange chromatography of plasma samples resulted in the detection of a peak of radioactivity in the column eluate fraction containing AIC. After ion-exchange chromatography of urine samples, 20.9 and 8.7 per cent, respectively, of the radioactivity appeared in the AIC fractions. 14 C-AIC was isolated from urine and characterized by paper-chromatographic behavior, ultraviolet fluorescence and color reaction after diazotization and coupling identical to that of authentic AIC, and was recrystallized to constant specific activity. The specific activity of the urinary 14 C-AIC from one patent was 78 per cent of that of the DIC-2- 14 C given. These data suggest that in man most of the increased urinary AIC excretion observed after DIC administration is the direct result of metabolism of DIC. The mechanism(s) of action of DIC as an antitumor agent in man is unknown.