cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Accumulation of Hepatic Zn7 and Zn/Cu Metallothionein in Copper-Loaded Chicks: Isolation and Characterization

The induction of metallothionein (MT) by copper has historically been a controversial area of research. Initial work in the mid 1970’s suggested that parenteral copper caused induction of a cysteine-rich protein (copper chelatin) distinct from MT. However, this protein is now considered to be an artifact.1
Diffusion of Radioactively Labeled Molecules in Heart Muscle

In the description of cellular shape and dimensions by electron microscopy an important limitation has been the artifact and distortion introduced by death, fixation, dehydration, sectioning, and staining. It therefore seemed desirable to approach the study of tissue ultrastructure by less destructive methods, suitable for use in intact tissues. This paper describes the results of measurements on the diffusion of radioactively labeled molecules in cat heart muscle. Such measurements yield a more precise definition of cellular and extracellular volume, as well as of the approximate dimensions of the channels available for extracellular diffusion.
Infection-Related Epileptic Encephalopathy

A multicenter retrospective case series of 22 children (16 male, 6 female) aged 3-15 years (median 6.5 yrs) with prolonged or recurrent seizures occurring 2-14 days (median 5 days) after a febrile respiratory (59%) or nonspecific infection is reported from Kiel University, Germany.
Quantitative Parameters of Drug Action

In this chapter, we introduce the dose-response curve. We also introduce the concepts of potency, efficacy, agonist, competitive antagonist, irreversible antagonist, allosteric antagonist and partial agonist. We discuss how the addition of an antagonist will affect the dose-response curve of an agonist. Lastly, we discuss measures of drug safety.
Dynamics of the Protein Search for Targets on DNA in the Presence of Traps

Protein search for specific binding sites on DNA is a fundamental biological phenomenon associated with the beginning of most major biological processes. It is frequently found that proteins find and recognize their specific targets quickly and efficiently despite the complex nature of protein-DNA interactions in living cells. Although significant experimental and theoretical efforts were made in recent years, the mechanisms of these processes remain not well-clarified. We present a theoretical study of the protein target search dynamics in the presence of semispecific binding sites which are viewed as traps. Our theoretical approach employs a discrete-state stochastic method that accounts for the most important physical and chemical processes in the system. It also leads to a full analytical description for all dynamic properties of the protein search. It is found that the presence of traps can significantly modify the protein search dynamics. This effect depends on the spatial positions of the targets and traps, on distances between them, on the average sliding length of the protein along the DNA, and on the total length of DNA. Theoretical predictions are discussed using simple physical-chemical arguments, and they are also validated with extensive Monte Carlo computer simulations.
HIV in adolescents

Although the number of adolescents with diagnosed AIDS in the United States remains less than 1000, many more have HIV infection that has not yet manifested as clinical illness. In addition, most adolescents are involved in risk behaviors that potentially expose them to the virus. Medical providers should be prepared to identify those at highest risk and be familiar with the legal and ethical issues surrounding the evaluation and testing for HIV infection in this population of teenagers. HIV prevention and the presence of infection during pregnancy are particularly challenging to the provider in light of the special developmental and social issues that are inherent to the process of adolescence.
Novel targeted therapies for Bcr-Abl positive acute leukemias: beyond STI571.

In the pathophysiology of CML, the constitutive activity of the Bcr–Abl tyrosine kinase (TK) is, most likely, the sole molecular abnormality of the chronic phase. It also remains a critical molecular determinant of malignant behavior of the leukemic progenitors in the accelerated and blastic phase of CML. Therefore, downregulation of the levels and activity of Bcr–Abl is clearly the lynchpin of a rational therapeutic strategy against all phases of CML. Support for this has only been strengthened by the observations that resistance to imatinib mesylate (imatinib) commonly involves a breakthrough and the persistent activity of Bcr–Abl TK. This is due to either mutations that inhibit imatinib action on Bcr–Abl TK or amplification of the bcr–abl gene. Recent studies have demonstrated that other small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors that also inhibit Bcr–Abl TK may be highly active in inducing differentiation and apoptosis of CML progenitors, regardless of their sensitivity to imatinib. Small molecule inhibitors that downregulate the levels of Bcr–Abl by inhibiting its translation, e.g., arsenic trioxide, or promoting its proteasomal degradation, e.g., geldanamycin analogues, have also been identified. Finally the identification of other potent survival and antiapoptotic signaling pathways in imatinib-resistant CML progenitors indicates that inhibitors of these pathways will eventually be treatment strategies for advanced phases of CML.
Coordinating Cognitive Assistances With PID-Based Control Approaches

In human-machine cooperation, machines may assist operators in a variety of ways. This paper discusses the coordination of various assistances on cognitive basis through a PID-based control approach. Cognitive assistance can be viewed as a two-dimensional problem. The question of when to provide assistance can be viewed as a control problem, and the question of what assistance to provide can be viewed as an interface problem. This research proposes pairing cognitive engagement level and performance relevant situation criticality with a PID control approach to determine the appropriate moment to provide proper assistance. Based on the stage of human cognitive processing, the interfaces of cognitive assistance are grouped into three levels: soft aid, soft intervention, and hard intervention. This paper took driving assistance as an exemplary application to validate the approach of cognitive assistances coordination. In the experiment, an intelligent machine driver monitored drivers’ real-time performance by measuring the time headway to front obstacles and the lateral deviation to lane center. Simultaneously, it monitored drivers’ cognitive state by measuring the eye movement with an eye tracker. With five sessions of driving, coordinated cognitive assistance was compared with no aid, soft aid, soft intervention, and hard intervention, respectively. The experimental results confirmed that coordinated cognitive assistance is the most effective approach to assist both primary and secondary tasks. It also proves to be a more enjoyable and less obtrusive assistance system when compared to other individual types of assistance. In addition, coordinated cognitive assistance can be extended to other real-time control relevant tasks.© 2010 ASME
Capillary haemangioma in a 13-year-old boy

This case presents a 13-year-old boy who developed an unusual skin lesion on his chest that occurred after 2–3 weeks following a traumatic injury. The lesion was raised and bled easily. It was surgically removed via shave excision and treated with electrocautery. The patient healed with no recurrence and minimal scarring. Pathology determined the skin lesion to be a capillary haemangioma.
The Response of Male Broiler Chicks to a Corn-Soy Diet Supplemented with L-Methionine, L-Cystine, Choline, Sulfate, and Vitamin B12

Six experiments with male broiler chicks were conducted to study responses to dietary supplements of L-methionine, L-cystine, choline, sulfate, and vitamin B12. A corn-soy-poultry oil-based diet calculated to contain .38% methionine, .74% total sulfur containing amino acids, 23% protein, 3,265 kcal metabolizable energy/kg, and 1.39 mg/g of choline was fed. Analysis indicated an average of .38% Methionine (.35 to .45) .77% Methionine + Cysteine (.72 TO .92), and 1.23 mg choline/g feed (.99 to 1.56) in the basal diet. Chicks fed the basal diets gained an average of 508 g in 21 days and had average feed conversion ratios (FCR) of 1.55. Chicks fed diets supplemented with .2% L-methionine gained significantly more (P less than .05) than those fed the basal diet in each experiment (average gain = 551 g; FCR = 1.44). Chicks fed choline-supplemented diets gained as well as those fed L-methionine in five of six experiments (P greater than .05) (average gain = 541 g; FCR = 1.48). Chicks fed sodium sulfate-supplemented diets gained as well as those fed L-methionine in two of four experiments when adequate sodium was fed (average gain = 536; FCR = 1.50). Chicks fed choline and sulfate supplements together did no better than those fed choline supplements only, with adequate sodium levels in the basal diet. The same basal diet was fed in the last two experiments. In one trial, a response to vitamin B12 was observed; in the other there was no response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Observation on effect of AIDS intervention among unlicensed prostitutes in low-grade places of Liucheng County in Guangxi

[Objective]understand the effect of AIDS intervention among unlicensed prostitutes in low-grade places of Liucheng County in Guangxi,provide the basis for making the further prevention measures. [Methods]The unlicensed prostitutes in lowgrade places of Liucheng County were collected as the research object. The cluster sampling and regional intervention were conducted. The changes of awareness rate of AIDS knowledge,condom use and health seeking behavior between before and after intervention were observed.[Results]After intervention,the awareness rates of 8 items of AIDS knowledge were greater than 95. 0%, which increased from 74. 3% before intervention to 98. 2% after intervention( P 0. 01). After intervention,the proportion of unlicensed prostitutes use condom at every commercial sexual behavior increased significantly,while the proportion of never using a condom dropped to 0. The proportion of unlicensed prostitutes visited a public hospital after they got the venereal disease increased from 40. 9% before intervention to 73. 2% after intervention( P 0. 01).[Conclusion]After behavior intervention,the awareness rate of AIDS knowledge among unlicensed prostitutes has improved obviously,the rate of condom use has increased significantly, but it has not reached 100%. It is necessary to strengthen the behavior intervention among unlicensed prostitutes and clients.
Analysis of the role of the interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain in ligand binding.

Interleukin-2 is the primary T cell growth factor secreted by activated T cells. IL-2 is an α-helical cytokine that binds to a multisubunit receptor expressed on the surface of a variety of cell types. IL-2Rα, IL-2Rβ, and IL-2Rγc receptor subunits expressed on the surface of cells may aggregate to form distinct binding sites of differing affinities. IL-2Rγc was the last receptor subunit to be identified. It has since been shown to be shared by at least five other cytokine receptors. In this study, we have probed the role of IL-2Rγc in the assembly of IL-2R complexes and in ligand binding. We demonstrate that in the absence of ligand IL-2Rγc does not possess detectable affinity for IL-2Rα, IL-2Rβ, or the pseudo-high-affinity binding site composed of preformed IL-2Rα/β. We also demonstrate that IL-2Rγc possesses an IL-2-dependent affinity for IL-2Rβ and IL-2Rα/β. We performed a detailed biosensor analysis to examine the interaction of soluble IL-2Rγc with IL-2-bound IL-2Rβ and IL-2-bound IL-2Rα/β. The kinet...
Production of Interleukin-1α, Interleukin-1β and Tumor Necrosis Factor by Human Mononuclear Cells Stimulated With Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor

Recent studies have examined the synergistic effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and hematopoietin-1 (now identified as Interleukin-1, IL-1) on bone marrow colony formation. In the present report, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) were stimulated in vitro with recombinant human GM-CSF (rGM-CSF) and production of IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was measured by specific radioimmunoassays. In the MNCs of 20 individuals, rGM-CSF's ability to induce the three cytokines was variable. Nearly all donors responded to low-dose rGM-CSF (0.02 to 2 ng/mL) with production of TNF, whereas some individuals did not produce IL-1 alpha or IL-1 beta. The MNCs from some subjects stimulated with high-dose rGM-CSF (10 to 80 ng/mL) produced as much cytokine as in response to 10 ng/mL endotoxin. Localization (ie, extracellular or cell-associated cytokine) was specific for the cytokine rather than the stimulus. Indomethacin increased the amount of cytokine produced in response to rGM-CSF for IL-1 beta and TNF but not for IL-1 alpha. In addition, interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) upregulated the amount of TNF induced by rGM-CSF in all donors examined, with variable effect on IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta. Suboptimal levels of endotoxin incubated with rGM-CSF did not alter the amount of IL-1 produced as compared with cells stimulated with rGM-CSF alone, whereas TNF production showed either no change or a slight decrease in production. These data suggest that GM-CSF may play an important role in the host defense response by stimulating production of these cytokines.
The African Context: Islam, Slavery, and Colonialism

The history of Islam in the African continent falls into three geographical and historical zones. The Mediterranean littoral was conquered by Arab-Muslims and later by the Ottoman Empire and was a region of Arab-Islamic culture. West Africa, including the Sahara desert, and the savannah, forest, and coastal country south of the Sahara constituted a second region. Coastal East Africa and its hinterlands, including inland savannah country, was the third. The history of Islam in North Africa appears in conjunction with the history of the early Arab-Islamic conquests and the Ottoman Empire. However, the history of Islam in Africa cannot be separated from the interactions between Africa and the outside Muslim world, nor from its varied connections to Europe. Islam Three themes define pan-African history. The first is Islam. The Islamic period in Africa began in the seventh century with contacts among the newly founded Arab-Islamic empire and sub-Saharan and coastal East Africa. Whereas Islamic societies in the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent were established by conquest and ordered by states, Islam in Africa, as in Indonesia, was diffused primarily by the migration of Muslim merchants, teachers, and settlers.
Collaborative Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Network Longevity

This study proposes a new parameter for evaluating longevity of wireless sensor networks after showing that the existing parameters do not properly evaluate the performance of algorithms in increasing longevity. This study also proposes an ant inspired Collaborative Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Network Longevity (CRAWL) that has scalability and adaptability features required in most wireless sensor networks. Using the proposed longevity metrics and implementing the algorithm in simulations, it is shown that CRAWL is much more adaptive to non-uniform distribution of available energy in sensor networks. The performance of CRAWL is compared to that of a non-collaborative algorithm. Both algorithms perform equally well when the available energy distribution is uniform but when the distribution is non-uniform, CRAWL is found to have 20.2% longer network life. CRAWL performance degraded by just 10.1% when the available energy was unevenly distributed in the sensor network proving the algorithms adaptability.
Loss of p300 accelerates MDS-associated leukemogenesis

The role that changes in DNA methylation and histone modifications have in human malignancies is poorly understood. p300 and CREB-binding protein (CBP), two distinct but highly homologous lysine acetyltransferases, are mutated in several cancers, suggesting their role as tumor suppressors. In the current study, we found that deletion of p300, but not CBP, markedly accelerated the leukemogenesis ofNup98-HoxD13 (NHD13) transgenic mice, an animal model that phenotypically copies human myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). p300 deletion restored the ability of NHD13 expressing hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to self-renew in vitro, and to expand in vivo, with an increase in stem cell symmetric self-renewal divisions and a decrease in apoptosis. Furthermore, loss of p300, but not CBP, promoted cytokine signaling, including enhanced activation of the MAPK and JAK/STAT pathways in the HSPC compartment. Altogether, our data indicate that p300 has a pivotal role in blocking the transformation of MDS to acute myeloid leukemia, a role distinct from that of CBP.
Effect of resonant magnetic perturbations on microturbulence in DIII-D pedestal

Vacuum resonant magnetic perturbations (RMP) applied to otherwise axisymmetric tokamak plasmas produce in general a combination of non-resonant effects that preserve closed flux surfaces (kink response) and resonant effects that introduce magnetic islands and/or stochasticity (tearing response). The effect of the plasma kink response on the linear stability and nonlinear transport of edge turbulence is studied using the gyrokinetic toroidal code GTC for a DIII-D plasma with applied n = 2 vacuum RMP. GTC simulations use the 3D equilibrium of DIII-D discharge 158103 (Nazikian et al 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 105002), which is provided by nonlinear ideal MHD VMEC equilibrium solver in order to include the effect of the plasma kink response to the external field but to exclude island formation at rational surfaces. Analysis using the GTC simulation results reveal no increase of growth rates for the electrostatic drift wave instability and for the electromagnetic kinetic-ballooning mode in the presence of the plasma kink response to the RMP. Furthermore, nonlinear electrostatic simulations show that the effect of the 3D equilibrium on zonal flow damping is very weak and found to be insufficient to modify turbulent transport in the electrostatic turbulence.
Pharmacological Studies on the Testicular Capsule in Relation to Sperm Transport

The testicular capsule, which forms the thin outer covering of the testis, has long been considered an inert tissue with no other function than to contain the underlying seminiferous tubular mass. In the course of carrying out in vitro metabolic studies on rat testicular tissue in our laboratory, we have continually peeled off and discarded the capsule of the testis prior to slicing the testis with a Stadie-Riggs microtome. It recently occurred to us, however, that it might be quite easy to prepare and save the capsule of the rat testis as an intact tissue provided one first removed the seminiferous tubules from the interior of the organ (1).
Mexican transnational parents: What they have to say about inclusive education and their children’s educational needs

Through two qualitative case studies conducted over two years, this research examines the educational practices and perceptions of two working-class Mexican transnational families currently living ...
What It Takes for Large Organizations To Be Innovative

(1986). What It Takes for Large Organizations To Be Innovative. Research Management: Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 34-37.
Clinical Course and Treatment in MOG Antibody Seropositive Children: A Case Series

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies have been associated with pediatric demyelinating diseases. The clinical course in a patient with MOG positivity is variable but not well-characterized. Here, we describe the clinical course and treatment in MOG antibody positive demyelinating diseases in our pediatric population. This case series is of 13 patients who tested MOG antibody positive: two relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS), seven acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM) or ADEM-optic neuritis (ADEM-ON), two clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), and two neuromyelitis optica (NMO). These patients appear to have more relapses, requiring more medications including IV steroids and IVIG. These patients are also more likely to start on disease modifying therapy (DMT) earlier, and β-interferon appears to not prevent relapses. MOG antibody positivity could provide as a marker for predicting frequent relapses in RR-MS and NMO patients, allowing for therapeutic intervention with earlier DMT.
Fabrication of a self-assembled and flexible SERS nanosensor for explosive detection at parts-per-quadrillion levels from fingerprints

Apart from high sensitivity and selectivity of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based trace explosive detection, efficient sampling of explosive residue from real world surfaces is very important for homeland security applications. Herein, we demonstrate an entirely new SERS nanosensor fabrication approach. The SERS nanosensor was prepared by self-assembling chemically synthesized gold triangular nanoprisms (Au TNPs), which we show display strong electromagnetic field enhancements at the sharp tips and edges, onto a pressure-sensitive flexible adhesive film. Our SERS nanosensor provides excellent SERS activity (enhancement factor = ∼6.0 × 106) and limit of detection (as low as 56 parts-per-quadrillions) with high selectivity by chemometric analyses among three commonly military high explosives (TNT, RDX, and PETN). Furthermore, the SERS nanosensors present excellent reproducibility (<4.0% relative standard deviation at 1.0 μM concentration) and unprecedentedly high stability with a “shelf life” of at least 5 months. Finally, TNT and PETN were analyzed and quantified by transferring solid explosive residues from fingerprints left on solid surfaces to the SERS nanosensor. Taken together, the demonstrated sensitivity, selectivity, and reliability of the measurements as well as with the excellent shelf life of our SERS nanosensors obviate the need for complicated sample processing steps required for other analytical techniques, and thus these nanosensors have tremendous potential not only in the field of measurement science but also for homeland security applications to combat acts of terror and military threats.
Common health problems in safety-net primary care: Modeling the roles of trauma history and mental health.

OBJECTIVE This study described trauma exposure and investigated mediational effects of mental health on the relationships between trauma and pain, sleep, smoking, and general health. METHOD Participants were 210 low-income primary care patients. The study used a crosssectional, self-report survey design. RESULTS Eighty-five percent of the sample reported adult trauma and 54% reported four or more childhood traumas. Moderate or higher depression and anxiety levels were present in 59% and 48% of participants, respectively. Structural equation model fit was good for sleep, pain, and general health, showing that trauma indirectly affected health variables via mental health. CONCLUSIONS Participants endorsed substantial adult and childhood trauma, which likely had cascading effects on mental health and common primary care presenting health issues.
Accuracy of MRI in Diagnosing Appendicitis during Pregnancy

Appendectomy for presumed appendicitis is the most common surgical emergency during pregnancy. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of appendicitis carries risk for the fetus and mother. We sought to evaluate the accuracy of MRI in pregnant patients with suspected appendicitis. All pregnant patients with suspected appendicitis between January 2014 and April 2016 were included. MRI reports were categorized into positive, negative, and inconclusive groups. Diagnosis of appendicitis was based on pathology report. Fifty-two patients were included in the study. The MRI was positive in two, negative in 29, and inconclusive in 21 patients. Twelve patients had surgery, 11 of which had positive appendicitis on pathology. Both positive MRI patients had appendicitis. In the negative MRI group, 3 of 29 (10%) had appendicitis. In the inconclusive MRI group, 6 of 21 (29%) had appendicitis. A positive MRI result was very specific with a 100 per cent positive predictive value; however, the sensitivity was as low as 18 per cent (diagnosed only 2 of 11 cases). Although a positive MRI finding was reliable in making a decision to operate, a negative or inconclusive MRI was not. In patients with a high clinical suspicion of appendicitis, surgery should still be considered even without definitive positive MRI findings.
CIT in small municipalities: Officer-level outcomes

Research on the Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) as a method to deal with mental illness in policing encounters has primarily focused on officers from large urban areas. The current study examined officer-level outcomes in a non-urban geographical setting using a pre/post-CIT training design. The sample included 46 police officers from seven departments that would be considered rural and 13 that would be classified as suburban. Officers completed scales to gauge change in mental illness attitudes at the beginning and end of their one-week CIT training. CIT training resulted in reductions in stigmatic attitudes with seven large effect sizes (ranging from η2 = .24 to .59) across the two measures. The findings from this research are a direct response to the call for greater diversity in the size of police settings in the CIT literature and serve to expand the empirical base for CIT in relation to officer-level outcomes.
Sleep, suicide behaviors, and the protective role of sleep medicine.

Abstract Objective/Background Sleep disturbance is associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The relationship of specific sleep disorders to suicide attempts is less well established. Whether treating sleep disorders reduces suicide attempts remains controversial. Methods Suicide attempts, treatment utilization, and psychiatric diagnoses were extracted from electronic medical records and a suicide attempt database from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. The sample (N = 60,102) consisted of patients with any record of suicide attempt in FY13-14 and a 1:1 case-control of patients with no record of attempt, who were propensity score-matched based on age, gender, and prior year mental health treatment utilization. Associations among sleep disorders and suicide attempt were examined via logistic regression. Covariates included depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), bipolar, schizophrenia, substance use disorder (SUD), medical comorbidity, and obesity. Results Insomnia (OR = 5.62; 95% CI, 5.39–5.86), nightmares (odds ratio, OR = 2.49; 95% confidence interval, CI, 2.23–2.77), and sleep-related breathing disorders (OR = 1.37; 95% CI, 1.27–1.48) were positively associated with suicide attempt after accounting for age, gender, treatment utilization, and comorbid sleep disorders. Furthermore, when controlling for depression, anxiety, PTSD, bipolar, schizophrenia, substance use disorder (SUD), medical comorbidity, and obesity, insomnia (OR = 1.51, 95% CI, 1.43–1.59) remained positively associated with suicide attempt nightmares (OR = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.85–1.09) nor sleep-related breathing disorders (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.79–0.94). Additionally, sleep medicine visits 180 days prior to index date were associated with decreased likelihood of suicide attempt for individuals with sleep disorders (OR = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.79–0.94). Conclusion Insomnia is associated with suicide attempt among veterans. Sleep medicine visits were associated with a reduced risk of suicide attempt in sleep disordered patients. The assessment and treatment of sleep disorders should be considered in context of strategies to augment suicide prevention efforts.
Meeting Information Needs through Global Partnerships: A Roadmap to Becoming a Global Health Sciences Library

Supporting global health priorities through the development of robust health science librarianship partnerships is of significant importance. Increased demand for synthesizing evidence-based inform...
Small Batch Fabrication and Weekly Rotational Testing of Closed System Electronics for Infrared LED Scene Projectors

Developing Infrared Scene Projectors (IRSPs) requires consistent performance from the Close Support Electronics (CSE) used to drive the IRSP systems. This paper highlights the small-batch production and rotational testing of these CSEs, which provides a measure of consistency and quality assurance across multiple systems.
Ecological momentary facial emotion recognition in psychotic disorders.

Background Cognitive tasks delivered during ecological momentary assessment (EMA) may elucidate the short-term dynamics and contextual influences on cognition and judgements of performance. This paper provides initial validation of a smartphone task of facial emotion recognition in serious mental illness. Methods A total of 86 participants with psychotic disorders (non-affective and affective psychosis), aged 19-65, were administered in-lab 'gold standard' affect recognition, neurocognition, and symptom assessments. They subsequently completed 10 days of the mobile facial emotion recognition task, assessing both accuracy and self-assessed performance, along with concurrent EMA of psychotic symptoms and mood. Validation focused on task adherence and predictors of adherence, gold standard convergent validity, and symptom and diagnostic group variation. Results The mean rate of adherence to the task was 79%; no demographic or clinical variables predicted adherence. Convergent validity was observed with in-lab measures of facial emotion recognition, and no practice effects were observed on the mobile facial emotion recognition task. EMA reports of more severe voices, sadness, and paranoia were associated with worse performance, whereas mood more strongly associated with self-assessed performance. Conclusion The mobile facial emotion recognition task was tolerated and demonstrated convergent validity with in-lab measures of the same construct. Social cognitive performance, and biased judgements previously shown to predict function, can be evaluated in real-time in naturalistic environments.
The united atom model of theHF molecule

The united atom, which was used by the spectroscopists at the estimation of moleculaterm values for more than two decades, is a suitable model in quantum chemistry too. The main features of the model are as follows: 1. Generally the nuclei are not moved adiabatically in one point, as they do in the united atom of spectroscopists, but hold their original equilibrium position or make little deviations from it. 2. The molecular eigenfunction is built up of one center one electron eigenfunctions according to theSlater method. Excepting the geometrical configuration of the nuclei there is not any empirical or semiempirical parameter in this model. The calculations are extended to the treatment of the molecule HF. The theoretical values of the total energy, the dissociation energy and the equilibrium nuclear separation are in good agreement with the experimental ones.
Home Blood Pressure Monitoring Devices: Device Performance in an Alaska Native and American Indian Population.

Objectives: Home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) is an important component of blood pressure (BP) management. We assessed performance of two HBPM devices among Alaska Native and American Indian people (ANAIs). Methods: We measured BP using Omron BP786 arm cuff, Omron BP654 wrist cuff, and Baum aneroid sphygmomanometer in 100 ANAIs. Performance was assessed with intraclass correlation, paired t-tests, and calibration models. Results: Compared to sphygmomanometer, average BP was higher for wrist cuff (systolic = 4.8 mmHg and diastolic = 3.6 mmHg) and varied for arm cuff (systolic = -1.5 mmHg and diastolic = 2.5 mmHg). Calibration increased performance from grade B to A for arm cuff and from D to B for wrist cuff. Calibration increased false negatives and decreased false positives. Discussion: The arm HBPM device is more accurate than the wrist cuff among ANAIs with hypertension. Most patients are willing to use the arm cuff when accuracy is discussed.
Designing Emotionally Expressive Social Commentary to Facilitate Child-Robot Interaction

Emotion expression in human-robot interaction has been widely explored, however little is known about how such expressions should be coupled with feelings and opinions expressed by a social robot. We explored how 12 children experienced emotionally expressive social commentaries from a reading companion robot across five interaction styles that differed in their non-verbal emotional expressiveness and opinionated conversational styles (neutral, divergent, or convergent opinions). We found that, while the robot’s opinions and non-verbal emotion expressions affected children’s experiences with the robot, the speech content of the commentaries was the more prominent factor in their experience. Additionally, children differed in their perceptions of social commentary: while some expressed a sense of connection-making with the robot’s self-disclosure commentaries, others felt distracted by them or felt like the robot was off-topic. We recommend designers pay particular attention to the robot’s speech content and consider children’s individual differences in designing emotional and opinionated speech.
Ultrafast vibrational dynamics of a solute correlates with dynamics of the solvent

Two-dimensional infrared (2D-IR) spectroscopy is used to measure the spectral dynamics of the metal carbonyl complex cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (CMT) in a series of linear alkyl nitriles. 2D-IR spectroscopy provides direct readout of solvation dynamics through spectral diffusion, probing the decay of frequency correlation induced by fluctuations of the solvent environment. 2D-IR simultaneously monitors intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR) among excited vibrations, which can also be influenced by the solvent through the spectral density rather than the dynamical friction underlying solvation. Here, we report that the CMT vibrational probe reveals solvent dependences in both the spectral diffusion and the IVR time scales, where each slows with increased alkyl chain length. In order to assess the degree to which solute–solvent interactions can be correlated with bulk solvent properties, we compared our results with low-frequency dynamics obtained from optical Kerr effect (OKE) spectroscopy—performed by others—on the same nitrile solvent series. We find excellent correlation between our spectral diffusion results and the orientational dynamics time scales from OKE. We also find a correlation between our IVR time scales and the amplitudes of the low-frequency spectral densities evaluated at the 90-cm−1 energy difference, corresponding to the gap between the two strong vibrational modes of the carbonyl probe. 2D-IR and OKE provide complementary perspectives on condensed phase dynamics, and these findings provide experimental evidence that at least at the level of dynamical correlations, some aspects of a solute vibrational dynamics can be inferred from properties of the solvent.
The Secret Club Project: Exploring Miscarriage Through the Visual Arts

Despite statistics that point to one in five pregnancies ending in miscarriage, pregnancy loss remains a surprisingly hidden topic. This article, inspired by the author's own miscarriage, examines art as a means to understand this experience of physical and emotional loss. "The Secret Club Project," an innovative exhibit featuring 10 women artists' visual responses to miscarriage, is described. The author discusses images and symbols that reflect the miscarriage experience. Traditional and modern rituals related to pregnancy loss are reviewed, as well as artists' and art therapists' use of the creative process to move through grief and break the silence around this issue. "What would happen if one woman told the truth about her life? The world would split open." —Poet Muriel Rukeyser (1968)
The Non-Training of Teachers

Currently there is a mischief afoot that is sure to inform the paranoia of college of education professors and cause even the tenured among them to wonder how secure their jobs are. Already a law in some states, on the legislative drawing boards in most others, this mischief is the movement to permit people to enter the teaching ranks of the nation's schools without any education course whatsoever. Individuals with bachelor's degrees would be given provisional certification and, after a few years of "satisfactory service," would receive a permanent license as valid as that held by teachers who have completed their training in schools, colleges, or departments of education (SCDEs). If fully enacted and widely subscribed to, this statute could signal the considerable decline of many SCDEs and the closing of at least a few. Given the already existing low status of SCDEs and an impending teacher shortage of crisis dimensions, the outlook is that more teachers will take fewer traditional teacher preparation courses in SCDEs. At least three conditions may be adduced to support the contention that the new laws will not immediately wreak enrollment havoc in the SCDEs. One is simply tradition. You want to be a doctor, you go to medical school. You want to be a lawyer, you go to law school. Students who want to be teachers will continue, for a time, to gravitate to the education department on campus. Secondly, the current superintendents and principals and personnel officers who hire teachers are themselves products of SCDEs and will look favorably on SCDE graduates to fill their vacancies. Thirdly, students thinking of teaching may suddenly and fearfully realize that they may face a classroom of thirty-five rough and tumble fifth-graders or a day filled with sophomores and juniors in math classes and conclude that they need specific teacher training to become effective teachers.
REMOVING BARYON-ACOUSTIC-OSCILLATION PEAK SHIFTS WITH LOCAL DENSITY TRANSFORMS

Large-scale bulk flows in the universe distort the initial density field, broadening the baryon-acoustic-oscillation (BAO) feature that was imprinted when baryons were strongly coupled to photons. Additionally, there is a small shift inward in the peak of the conventional overdensity correlation function, a mass-weighted statistic. This shift occurs when high-density peaks move toward each other. We explore whether this shift can be removed by applying to the density field a transform (such as a logarithm) that gives fairer statistical weight to fluctuations in underdense regions. Using configuration-space perturbation theory in the Zel'dovich approximation, we find that the log-density correlation function shows a much smaller inward shift in the position of the BAO peak at low redshift than is seen in the overdensity correlation function. We also show that if the initial, Lagrangian density of matter parcels could be estimated at their Eulerian positions, giving a displaced-initial-density field, its peak shift would be even smaller. In fact, a transformed field that accentuates underdensities, such as the reciprocal of the density, pushes the peak the other way, outward. In our model, these shifts in the peak position can be attributed to shift terms, involving the derivative of the linear correlation function, that entirely vanish in this displaced-initial-density field.
Fools Rush Out? The Flawed Logic of Offshore Balancing

Should the United States adopt a fundamentally more modest and restrained grand strategy? Should it dramatically reduce, and perhaps eliminate, the network of security commitments and overseas forc...
Bullets in Motion

One premise of this book is that world history ’ s dynamism and complexity as a research field need to be demonstrated more broadly to mainstream historians, who are not as aware as they might be of the field ’ s recent developments. The same could be said – indeed, has recently been said (Morillo 2006 ; Black 2004 ) – of military history. Both fields suffer from negative stereotypes among academic historians: world history from the perception that it is a teaching field and thus the preserve of textbook writers, military history that it is practiced far too much by retired generals or popularizers (never mind war being politically suspect). In other words, both are caricatured as somehow not really professional, “serious” history. The intersection of world history and military history therefore suffers from a double burden of negative images. What ’ s worse, those negative stereotypes arise from within the two subfields themselves. Many military historians are accustomed to working within a Euro-American historical framework, and are thus both suspicious of the breadth of world history and unsure of its relevance. Many world historians, informed by approaches in social and cultural history (Pomeranz 2007 ), are equally suspicious of the methodologies and supposed ideology of military history. The result is that world military history is not just the intersection of two somewhat marginalized subfields, it is a fairly tiny intersection. But it is an intersection that is not only growing with the expansion of world history generally: it is, contrary to the stereotypes imposed upon it from within and without, yet another dynamic and sophisticated field of research filled with potential for conceptual breakthroughs and new discoveries. Audiences World military history faces a number of issues as it moves forward. The first is, if not unique to military history (whether global or not), at least more acute than it is for other fields of historical writing. This is that publishing in military history aims at three distinct audiences with different demands and expectations. This diversity, while presenting
A printed microstrip Yagi antenna array for millimeter-wave multi-sector applications

A novel, double-printed microstrip Yagi antenna array has been proposed for multi-sector mm-wave applications around 30 GHz. The design incorporates a printed feeding structure that simplifies the fabrication process, while maintaining a low cost and a low profile. This design can be extended to incorporate H-plane feeding and possibly circular polarization to further increase the maximum data rate. This design approach can be integrated with 3D modules that consist of embedded passives, filters, and MMIC to realize a wireless system-on-package (SOP) RF front end device for very broadband applications around or above 60 GHz.
Taking Hold of Global Englishes: Intensive English Programs as Brokers of Transnational Literacy

While a great many educational institutions now take part in the complex network of English language learning, this article asks what an institution expressly created to respond to and spur the transnational movement of English language learners, Intensive English Programs (IEPs), can reveal about how literacy is taught and learned transnationally. Specifically, I examine how the transnational political economy of English literacy is negotiated discursively at one US-based IEP (Northwest IEP) through teacher and student talk. From this discourse analysis, I suggest that, in addition to the difficult and time-consuming tasks of language learning, students in my study were involved in and recipients of another, much less visible type of literacy management: the ongoing valuing and defining of each other’s prior literacy-related knowledge vis-a-vis their and other students’ access to global Englishes. Thus, Northwest IEP did more than situate students in relation to privileged English literacy. That institution also served as a broker for the shifting status and subsequent privileging of global Englishes. This dynamic gives insight into how multilingual spaces come to mediate the broader transnational political economy of English literacy. Ultimately, this research shows the value of looking into institutes at the periphery of US higher education, which broadens the field’s linguistic terrain to situate US-based composition as one of many actors across the transnational landscape of higher education.
How to Choose Appropriate Function Sets for Gentic Programming

The choice of functions in a genetic program can have a significant effect on the GP’s performance, but there have been no systematic studies of how to select functions to optimize performance. In this paper, we investigate how to choose appropriate function sets for general genetic programming problems. For each problem multiple functions sets are tested. The results show that functions can be classified into function groups of equivalent functions. The most appropriate function set for a problem is one that is optimally diverse; a set that includes one function from each function group.
The Political Economy of Genocide Intervention: Structural Conditionality, Collective Command Responsibility, and the Former Yugoslavia

We examine the use of structural conditionality as a tool for genocide intervention. Structural conditionality is the practice of powerful global actors such as the World Bank providing assistance to countries contingent on economic, political and legal reforms. Structural conditionality has been used to encourage Croatia, Bosnia and Serbia to transfer politicians and soldiers to the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia [ICTY]. Our thesis is that this exercise of structural conditionality polarized, mediated and contextualized Serbian politics in ways that were initially successful but ultimately insufficient. We empirically explore the effects of structural conditionality on political attitudes in Serbia in 2005 using a representative survey conducted in Belgrade. Inferences are drawn about Serbia's recent election and further removed events in Darfur.
Zhu Xi on Family and Women: Challenges and Potentials

This article reappraises Zhu Xi's philosophy of women. First, it examines Zhu's descriptive texts. Second, it analyzes Zhu's didactic texts on li, qi, yin, yang, and gender. It finds that (i) surprisingly Zhu exhibited a level of flexibility toward women on subjects of education, property rights, and household management; (ii) his view on the male/yang and female/yin relationship was inconsistent; and (iii) improvement on Zhu's social-political teaching on women's role could result from a more consistent development of his metaphysics. When thus modified, his metaphysics of yin-yang and li-qi could make a considerable contribution to contemporary feminist discourse.
Directly heated four-terminal phase change switches

Measured results of a four-terminal directly heated RF phase change switch are presented. Germanium telluride (GeTe) is used as the main resistance change element, connecting the RF input/output lines. The resistivity of GeTe is switched between the high-resistance amorphous-state value of several kΩ and low-resistance crystallized value of less than 3.9 Ω in less than 404 μsec using current pulses passing though GeTe. The loss of this ohmic switch at ON state is less than 0.5 dB with isolation of more than 18 dB at frequencies up to 20 GHz, indicating a cutoff frequency of > 4 THz. The switch active area is less than 5 μm × 20 μm with GeTe volume of only 1.5 μm × 15 μm × 0.25 μm. The results presented in this paper prove phase change switches are competitive contenders as low-loss and fast RF power switches.