cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Like Snow to the Eskimos and Trump to the Republican Party: The Ali's Many Words for, and Shifting Pronouncements About, "Affirmative Consent"

This short piece examines changes from prior drafts in the most recent draft (Preliminary Draft No. 6) of the American Law Institute's project on sexual assault law.
EFFECT OF BILATERAL ADRENALECTOMY ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE TO INDUCED TACHYCARDIA.

SummaryRelatively short bouts of electrically induced ventricular tachycardia of sufficiently high rate to result at least initially in a marked decrease in cardiac output and mean arterial blood pressure were induced in anesthetized dogs before and immediately after bilateral adrenalectomy. This study reveals that, although adrenalectomy affects the circulation under the experimental circumstances described, the degree of cardiovascular compensation in response to such bouts of tachycardia can remain relatively unaffected by bilateral adrenalectomy. Whether this remains true with bouts of higher rate tachycardia remains to be determined.
Diffusion of Nanoparticles in Semidilute Polymer Solutions: Effect of Different Length Scales

We used gold nanoparticles (NPs) to investigate the length-scale-dependent dynamics in semidilute poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)–water solutions. Fluctuation correlation spectroscopy was used to measure the diffusion coefficients (D) of the NPs as a function of their radius (R0), PEG volume fraction (ϕ), and molecular weight (Mw). Our results indicate that the radius of gyration, Rg, of polymer chain is the crossover length scale for the NPs experiencing nanoviscosity or macroviscosity. The reduced diffusivity can be plotted on a single master curve as D0/D = exp(α(R0/ξ)δ) for Rg > R0 and as D0/D = exp(α(Rg/ξ)δ) for Rg ≤ R0, where D0 is the diffusion coefficient in neat solvent, ξ is the correlation length, α = 1.63, and δ = 0.89. In size regime, ξ a(ϕ), D ∼ ϕ–4 was obtained.
Metformin treatment status and abdominal aortic aneurysm disease progression

Objective In population-based studies performed on multiple continents during the past two decades, diabetes mellitus has been negatively associated with the prevalence and progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) disease. We investigated the possibility that metformin, the primary oral hypoglycemic agent in use worldwide, may influence the progression of AAA disease. Methods Preoperative AAA patients with diabetes were identified from an institutional database. After tabulation of individual cardiovascular and demographic risk factors and prescription drug regimens, odds ratios for categorical influences on annual AAA enlargement were calculated through nominal logistical regression. Experimental AAA modeling experiments were subsequently performed in normoglycemic mice to validate the database-derived observations as well as to suggest potential mechanisms of metformin-mediated aneurysm suppression. Results Fifty-eight patients met criteria for study inclusion. Of 11 distinct classes of medication considered, only metformin use was negatively associated with AAA enlargement. This association remained significant after controlling for gender, age, cigarette smoking status, and obesity. The median enlargement rate in AAA patients not taking oral diabetic medication was 1.5 mm/y; by nominal logistic regression, metformin, hyperlipidemia, and age ≥70 years were associated with below-median enlargement, whereas sulfonylurea therapy, initial aortic diameter ≥40 mm, and statin use were associated with above-median enlargement. In experimental modeling, metformin dramatically suppressed the formation and progression, with medial elastin and smooth muscle preservation and reduced aortic mural macrophage, CD8 T cell, and neovessel density. Conclusions Epidemiologic evidence of AAA suppression in diabetes may be attributable to concurrent therapy with the oral hypoglycemic agent metformin.
Forecasting US ivacaftor outcomes and cost in cystic fibrosis patients with the G551D mutation

Ivacaftor, a breakthrough treatment for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with the G551D genetic mutation, lacks long-term clinical and cost projections. This study forecasted outcomes and cost by comparing ivacaftor plus usual care versus usual care alone.A lifetime Markov model was conducted from a US payer perspective. The model consisted of five health states: 1) forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) % pred ≥70%, 2) 40%≤ FEV1 % pred <70%, 3) FEV1 % pred <40%, 4) lung transplantation and 5) death. All inputs were extracted from published literature. Budget impact was also estimated. We estimated ivacaftor's improvement in outcomes compared with a non-CF referent population.Ivacaftor was associated with 18.25 (95% credible interval (CrI) 13.71-22.20) additional life-years and 15.03 (95% CrI 11.13-18.73) additional quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Ivacaftor was associated with improvements in survival and QALYs equivalent to 68% and 56%, respectively, for the survival and QALY gaps between CF usual care and their non-CF peers. The incremental lifetime cost was $3 374 584. The budget impact was $0.087 per member per month.Ivacaftor increased life-years and QALYs in CF patients with the G551D mutation, and moved morbidity and mortality closer to that of their non-CF peers. Ivacaftor costs much more than usual care, but comes at a relatively limited budget impact.
Study on characteristic of syndrome differentiation and therapeutic methods of traditional Chinese medicine on allergic rhinitis

Objective: To provide basis for the further research and treatment of allergic rhinitis by studying the characteristic of syndrome differentiation and therapeutic methods of TCM on this disease.Methods: On basis of some criteria,literatures on allergic rhinitis treated by traditional Chinese medicine in recent years(2005.1-2011.4) from Wan Fang Data Base were collected and analyzed by spss 13.0.Results: In all chosen literatures,lung-qi deficiency occupies the largest perception in the syndrome differentiation.Other main syndrome types are deficiency of lung-qi and spleen-qi;deficiency of lung-qi,spleen-qi and kidney-qi;Kidney-yang deficiency;syndrome of wind-cold invasion of lung and so on.The exterior-releasing medicinal and tonic medicinal are most frequently prescribed herbs,and in addition,other types of herbs are also prescribed at the same time in order to get the best curative effect.In all the herbs listed in this research,Astragalus among the most popular drugs.Conclusion: The study provides the basis for the further research and treatment of allergic rhinitis.
Upper respiratory causes of exercise intolerance.

The upper respiratory system is a frequent cause of exercise intolerance in performance horses. Labored breathing, fatigue during performance, and prolonged recovery following exercise are common presenting complaints. Inadequate fitness level and diseases of the cardiovascular system are differential diagnoses that share these complaints and should be ruled out. Generation of increased airway noise is a clinical sign that implicates the upper respiratory system. A careful history from the owner and endoscopy of the upper airway are the most useful diagnostic tools. Endoscopy during exercise on a treadmill is indicated when an upper airway lesion is suspected but not apparent with endoscopy at rest. Treatment of respiratory obstruction may vary with the level of performance required of the horse.
Beta and Book-to-Market: Is the Glass Half Full or Half Empty?

We review recent empirical work on the determinants of the cross-section of expected returns. This literature, which includes the influential work by Fama and French (1992, 1993), tends to ignore the positive evidence on beta and to overemphasize the importance of book-to-market. Kothari, Shanken, and Sloan (1995) show that beta significantly explains the cross-sectional variation in average returns, but that size also has incremental explanatory power. We find that, while statistically significant, the incremental benefit of size given beta is surprisingly small economically. Book-to-market is a weak determinant of the cross-sectional variation in average returns among large firms and it fails to account for returns from momentum strategies. This raises doubts about the forecasting power of book-to-market.
Comprehensive Physiology: a tool for advanced education in physiology

comprehensive physiology (CP) is a review journal that originated out of the old book series Handbook of Physiology . This is a collection of reviews covering the breadth of physiology that represents state-of-the-art knowledge of physiological systems that go beyond what can be found in medical
Structural Basis of Dimeric Rasip1 RA Domain Recognition of the Ras Subfamily of GTP-Binding Proteins.

Ras-interacting protein 1 (Rasip1) is an endothelial-specific Rap1 and Ras effector, important for vascular development and angiogenesis. Here, we report the crystal structure of the Rasip1 RA domain (RRA) alone, revealing the basis of dimerization, and in complex with Rap1 at 2.8 A resolution. In contrast to most RA domains, RRA formed a dimer that can bind two Rap1 (KD = 0.9 μM) or Ras (KD = 2.2 μM) molecules. We solved the Rap1-RRA complex and found that Rasip1 binds Rap1 in the Switch I region, and Rap1 binding induces few conformation changes to Rasip1 stabilizing a β strand and an unstructured loop. Our data explain how Rasip1 can act as a Rap1 and Ras effector and show that Rasip1 defines a subgroup of dimeric RA domains that could mediate cooperative binding to membrane-associated Ras superfamily members.
PREDICTION OF 30 DAY READMISSIONS IN PATIENTS ADMITTED FOR ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (AMI)

Background: The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and other payers are increasingly focusing on 30 day readmissions as a quality metric tied to hospital payments. Factors that predict 30-day readmission in patients admitted with acute myocardial infarctions (AMI) have not been
Robust GM/WM Segmentation of the Spinal Cord with Iterative Non-local Statistical Fusion

New magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences are enabling clinical study of the in vivo spinal cord’s internal structure. Yet, low contrast-to-noise ratio, artifacts, and imaging distortions have limited the applicability of tissue segmentation techniques pioneered elsewhere in the central nervous system. Recently, methods have been presented for cord/non-cord segmentation on MRI and the feasibility of gray matter/white matter tissue segmentation has been evaluated. To date, no automated algorithms have been presented. Herein, we present a non-local multi-atlas framework that robustly identifies the spinal cord and segments its internal structure with submillimetric accuracy. The proposed algorithm couples non-local fusion with a large number of slice-based atlases (as opposed to typical volumetric ones). To improve performance, the fusion process is interwoven with registration so that segmentation information guides registration and vice versa. We demonstrate statistically significant improvement over state-of-the-art benchmarks in a study of 67 patients. The primary contributions of this work are (1) innovation in non-volumetric atlas information, (2) advancement of label fusion theory to include iterative registration/segmentation, and (3) the first fully automated segmentation algorithm for spinal cord internal structure on MRI.
Caveolin-1 as a target for colon cancer inhibition by lovastatin and celecoxib

3360 Colon cancer is the most common type of cancer among men and women in the United States. Previously, we have shown that combination of low doses of celecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor) and lovastatin (HMG-R inhibitor) synergistically suppress colon cancers in preclinical models. However, the molecular mechanism by which combinations of celecoxib and lovastatin provides synergistic chemopreventive effects has not yet been fully understood. In this study we report key molecular changes associated with the synergistic action of celecoxib and lovastatin. Experiments were designed to test effect of lovastatin and celecoxib or their combination on cell growth, apoptosis, Caveolin-1, Cyclin A, Cyclin D1 and lipid body formation in human colon cancer HCT-116 cell line. Using MTT assay, the IC50 values were found to be 25 μM and 50 μM for lovastatin and celecoxib respectively. HCT-116 cells were treated with 25μM lovastatin or 50 μM celecoxib or a combination of both and analyzed for apoptosis (EB-AO and DAPI methods), caveolin-1 expression and cellular distribution (by immunoblot and immunofluorescence methods), cyclin A, cyclin D1 expression (immunoblot) and lipid body formation (oil-red staining). Our results found that an combination of lovastatin and celecoxib significantly increases apoptosis in colon cancer cells compared to individual treatments (p
The current therapeutic landscape of FLT3 inhibitors

> > > In this Blood Advances Talk, I discuss the current therapeutic landscape of FLT3 inhibitors. We now have a new drug, midostaurin, which is a part of the standard of care for patients with FLT3-mutant acute myeloid leukemia. However, the field is clearly “on the move,” as there are more
The U.S. Influence on Eurasia and Research Opportunity

Since the election of the new American President, Washington position has became even more uncertain toward U.S. political activities in Eurasia. NATO is slowly but surely moving toward the Russian border but in response, Russia, as reaction to the US and EU sanctions, becomes more and more aggressive toward its European neighbors. In today’s reality, President Putin is completely isolated by Western leaders and President Trump is cornered by the U.S. politicians and media.Current American and European domestic politics and their reflection on Eurasia provide enormous research opportunities in field of economics and international affairs.
Nitric Oxide-Dependent Feedback Loop Regulates Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) Channel Cooperativity and Endothelial Function in Small Pulmonary Arteries.

BackgroundRecent studies demonstrate that spatially restricted, local Ca2+ signals are key regulators of endothelium‐dependent vasodilation in systemic circulation. There are drastic functional dif...
Expansion of the Northeastern Range of Selected North American Gall Forming Midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Celticecis spp.) on Hackberries (Cannabaceae: Celtis spp.)

Twenty one species of gall forming midges in the genus Celticecis Gagne 1983 have been reported in North America, but there is limited information regarding the northeastern range of these species. To gain a greater understanding of the range of these cecidomyiids, hackberries (Celtis spp.) were surveyed for galls formed by Celticecis spp. at selected sites in south central and eastern Pennsylvania, northwestern New Jersey, southeastern New York state, and at one site in southeastern Connecticut. Galls were identified by morphology, and the species of gall formers were confirmed by considering the morphology of third instar larval sternal spatulas. Hackberry galls formed by ten Celticecis species were found to occur in Pennsylvania, with nine representing new state records. Hackberry galls formed by nine Celticecis species were found in New Jersey, with all nine representing new state records. Hackberry galls formed by five species of Celticecis were identified in southeastern New York, with four representing new state records, and galls of one Celticecis species were found at a site in southeastern Connecticut, representing a new state record for this species. This study expands the northeastern range of a large number of gall forming midges of the genus Celticecis in northeastern North America.
Ocular Injury in United States Emergency Departments: Seasonality and Annual Trends Estimated from a Nationally Representative Dataset

Purpose To determine whether ocular trauma occurs more frequently in the summer months. Design Retrospective, cross-sectional study. Methods The Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) is a large, publicly available administrative database that provides nationally representative estimates of emergency department (ED) visits in the United States. Billing codes from NEDS from 2006 to 2013 were used to identify all cases of ocular trauma, and the United States decennial census was used to estimate the population at risk for visiting an ED. The main outcome measures were the seasonal and annual trends in the incidence of ED-diagnosed eye trauma. Results Eye trauma was the primary diagnosis for an estimated 5 615 532 ED encounters over the 8-year study period. Those with an eye trauma encounter were predominantly male (66%) and under 60 years of age (91%). The most common ocular trauma presentations were superficial injury of eye and adnexa (101 ED-diagnosed cases per 100 000 population), extraocular foreign body (54 per 100 000 population), contusion of eye and adnexa (27 per 100 000 population), and ocular adnexal open wound (26 per 100 000 population). Each exhibited a statistically significant annual cycle, with a mean annual peak between May and July (P Conclusions Eye trauma, although decreasing in incidence, is a seasonal condition. Prevention efforts would likely be most effective if implemented in the spring or summer months. Further study to identify other individual-level or regional-level factors that would most benefit from public health efforts is warranted.
Transduction and Signaling in Airway Smooth Muscle

Advances in knowledge of the metabolic pathways of transduction systems, over the past 5 years, have given us a fairly detailed picture of the nature of the chemical reactions associated with physiological functions. Most of these reactions have been studied in systems other than airway smooth muscle, e.g., blowfly salivary glands, liver, platelets, neutrophils, secretory cells, and vascular and iris smooth muscle. A number of scientific meetings on this subject have taken place over recent years covering more general areas of signal transduction (Poste and Crooke, 1985; Everd and Whelen, 1986; Poste and Crooke, 1986; Strand, 1986) and one that focused on airway smooth muscle (Nadel et al., 1985). In addition, there have been a number of reviews and a book that deal with aspects of smooth muscle biochemistry and signal transduction (Stephens, 1977; Takenawa, 1982; Cauvin and Van Breemen, 1984; Barnes and Cuss, 1986; Russell, 1986).
A Rat Methyl-Seq Platform to Identify Epigenetic Changes Associated with Stress Exposure

As genomes of a wider variety of animals become available, there is an increasing need for tools that can capture dynamic epigenetic changes in these animal models. The rat is one particular model animal where an epigenetic tool can complement many pharmacological and behavioral studies to provide insightful mechanistic information. To this end, we adapted the SureSelect Target Capture System (referred to as Methyl-Seq) for the rat, which can assess DNA methylation levels across the rat genome. The rat design targeted promoters, CpG islands, island shores, and GC-rich regions from all RefSeq genes. To implement the platform on a rat experiment, male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to chronic variable stress for 3 weeks, after which blood samples were collected for genomic DNA extraction. Methyl-Seq libraries were constructed from the rat DNA samples by shearing, adapter ligation, target enrichment, bisulfite conversion, and multiplexing. Libraries were sequenced on a next-generation sequencing platform and the sequenced reads were analyzed to identify DMRs between DNA of stressed and unstressed rats. Top candidate DMRs were independently validated by bisulfite pyrosequencing to confirm the robustness of the platform. Results demonstrate that the rat Methyl-Seq platform is a useful epigenetic tool that can capture methylation changes induced by exposure to stress.
Tailoring the Approach to Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source: A Review

Importance One-third of ischemic strokes have no identifiable cause after standard evaluation. In 2014, researchers termed theseembolic strokes of undetermined source(ESUS) and argued that this entity would respond to anticoagulation. Two recent randomized clinical trials have not upheld this hypothesis, leading to questions about the ESUS concept. Observations This article proposes that ESUS remains a useful concept, the clinical effect of which can be enhanced by considering 2 subsets defined by their likelihood of responding to anticoagulation. Recent studies indicate that some ESUS cases result from subclinical atrial fibrillation, atrial cardiopathy, unrecognized myocardial infarction, patent foramen ovale, or cancer, while other cases result from nonstenosing large-artery atherosclerosis, aortic atherosclerosis, or nonatherosclerotic vasculopathies. Evidence suggests that anticoagulation will prove superior to antiplatelet therapy for cases in the first group of causative mechanisms but not those in the second group, suggesting the need for personalized therapy. Conclusions and Relevance Although the ESUS concept as currently constructed cannot guide treatment, efforts to better understand ESUS and develop therapies tailored to specific mechanisms are likely to help reduce the burden of stroke.
Anatomical Uniqueness of the Mucosal Immune System (GALT, NALT, iBALT) for the Induction and Regulation of Mucosal Immunity and Tolerance

Abstract Mucosal surfaces lining the lung and the gut are constantly exposed to environmental antigens, commensal organisms, and pathogens. Consequently, the host’s immune system devotes enormous resources to the defense of these tissues. Although mucosal immune responses must be sufficiently strong to eliminate pathogens, they must also have mechanisms to prevent excessive inflammation and initiate epithelial repair. Importantly, mucosal immune responses are initiated and regulated by a variety of mucosal lymphoid tissues, collectively known as mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). This chapter describes the unique developmental, architectural, and functional features of the MALT and how those features facilitate the local immune response at each site.
Effect of Electronic Clinical Decision Support on Imaging for the Evaluation of Acute Low Back Pain in the Ambulatory Care Setting.

Objectives To assess the effectiveness of a clinical decision support tool consisting of an electronic medical record best practice alert (BPA) on the frequency of lumbar imaging in patients with acute low back pain in the ambulatory care setting, and to explore why providers order imaging outside of clinical guidelines. Methods On March 23, 2016, we implemented a BPA pop-up alert that informed the ordering physician of the Choosing Wisely recommendation to not order imaging within the first 6 weeks of low back pain in the absence of red flags. We calculated imaging rates 1 year before and after implementation of the BPA. To override the BPA, providers could ignore the alert or explain their rationale for ordering imaging using either preset options or a free-text submission. We tracked preset options and manually reviewed 125 free-text submissions. Results Significant decreases in both total imaging rate (9.6% decrease; P = 0.02) and magnetic resonance imaging rate (14.9% decrease; P Conclusions The present study demonstrates the effectiveness of a simple, low-cost clinical decision support tool in reducing imaging rates for patients with acute low back pain. We also identify reasons why providers order imaging outside of clinical guidelines.
Examining Rates of Postpartum Depression in Active Duty U.S. Military Servicewomen

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is understudied in military populations. The present descriptive transversal study evaluated the incidence of PPD diagnoses in U.S. military electronic healt...
The influence of Ca:CO3 stoichiometry on Ca isotope fractionation: Implications for process-based models of calcite growth

Abstract The solution stoichiometry dependence of calcium isotope fractionation during calcite precipitation was investigated as a direct test of the conceptual model of calcium isotope discrimination driven by Ca exchange at surface sites during growth. Classical ion-by-ion models of calcite growth predict a strong solution stoichiometry influence on Δ44/40Cacalcite-fluid: In low Ca2+:CO32– solutions, Δ44/40Ca is predicted to approach a kinetic limit (∼−2 to −4‰), while in high Ca2+:CO32– solutions, exchange at dominantly Ca-occupied kink sites drives Δ44/40Ca towards the equilibrium fractionation (near 0‰). To test this prediction, a series of seeded and unseeded constant composition calcite growth experiments were performed in which all aspects of solution chemistry were held constant and the Ca2+:CO32– activity ratio was varied. Experiments were performed at pH 8.5, ionic strength 0.1 M (adjusted with KCl), and calcite saturation index (SI = log10({Ca2+}{CO32–}/Ksp)) of either 0.5 or 0.8. Calcium isotope fractionation is found to be weakly stoichiometry dependent. The expected trend of larger magnitude fractionations at lower Ca2+:CO32– is observed, but the magnitude of change in Δ44/40Ca over the solution stoichiometries studied (Ca2+:CO32– = 1–250) is only ∼ 0.4‰. Similar trends in Δ44/40Ca with Ca2+:CO32– are observed at SI = 0.5 and 0.8, with smaller magnitude fractionations at lower supersaturation. This yields an inverse correlation between Δ44/40Ca and growth rate, confirming the Δ44/40Ca-rate relationship for inorganic calcite growth observed by Tang et al. (2008) . The ion-by-ion model framework captures measured Δ44/40Ca only when a surface complexation model is incorporated, highlighting the role of surface speciation in dictating Ca attachment/detachment dynamics. The model captures observed trends with Ca2+:CO32– using best-fit kinetic and equilibrium fractionations consistent with end-members observed in natural systems (αkinetic ∼ 0.9978, αeq ∼ 0.9998). This result implies a total possible range in Δ44/40Ca of 2‰ and suggests that for most carbonate precipitating environments, solution supersaturation will be a stronger determinant of Δ44/40Ca than stoichiometry. The demonstrated importance of surface speciation, however, implies a strong pH influence on Δ44/40Ca, independent of its influence on carbonate ion activity, that requires further investigation. The results of this study provide strong evidence supporting the model of kink-exchange driven Ca isotope fractionation and suggest that calcite grows by a dominantly classical mechanism over the solution conditions investigated. Model predictions regarding the relationship between Δ44/40Ca and growth inhibition in the presence of impurity ions lay the foundation for the use of Ca isotopes as molecular tracers of carbonate crystal growth pathways.
Abundant Active Sites on the Basal Plane and Edges of Layered van der Waals Fe3GeTe2 for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution

van der Waals (vdW) metal chalcogenides have been extensively investigated as electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER); however, for the majority of these materials only the edges...
Development of a standards-based phenotype model for gross motor function to support learning health systems in pediatric rehabilitation

Introduction Research and continuous quality improvement in pediatric rehabilitation settings require standardized data and a systematic approach to use these data. Methods We systematically examined pediatric data concepts from a pediatric learning network to determine capacity for capturing gross motor function (GMF) for children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) as a demonstration for enabling infrastructure for research and quality improvement activities of an LHS. We used an iterative approach to construct phenotype models of GMF from standardized data element concepts based on case definitions from the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Data concepts were selected using a theory and expert‐informed process and resulted in the construction of four phenotype models of GMF: an overall model and three classes corresponding to deviations in GMF for CP populations. Results Sixty five data element concepts were identified for the overall GMF phenotype model. The 65 data elements correspond to 20 variables and logic statements that instantiate membership into one of three clinically meaningful classes of GMF. Data element concepts and variables are organized into five domains relevant to modeling GMF: Neurologic Function, Mobility Performance, Activity Performance, Motor Performance, and Device Use. Conclusion Our experience provides an approach for organizations to leverage existing data for care improvement and research in other conditions. This is the first consensus‐based and theory‐driven specification of data elements and logic to support identification and labeling of GMF in patients for measuring improvements in care or the impact of new treatments. More research is needed to validate this phenotype model and the extent that these data differentiate between classes of GMF to support various LHS activities.
L1-Norm RESCAL Decomposition

Multi-way arrays (tensors) can naturally model multi-relational data. RESCAL is a popular tensor-based relational learning model. Despite its documented success, the original RESCAL solver exhibits sensitivity towards outliers, arguably, due to its L2-norm formulation. Absolute-projection RESCAL (A-RESCAL), an L1-norm reformulation of RESCAL, has been proposed as an outlier-resistant alternative. However, although in both cases efficient algorithms have been proposed, they were designed to optimize the factor matrices corresponding to the first and second modes of the data tensor independently. To our knowledge, no formal guarantees have been presented that this treatment can always lead to monotonic convergence of the original non-relaxed RESCAL formulation. To this end, in this work we propose a novel L1-norm based algorithm that solves this problem, which at the same time enjoys robustness features of the same nature as those in A-RESCAL. Additionally, we show that our proposed method is closely related to a heavily studied problem in the optimization literature, which enables it to be equipped with numerical stability and computational efficiency features. Lastly, we present a series of numerical studies on artificial and real-world datasets that corroborate the robustness advantages of the L1-norm formulation as compared to its L2- norm counterpart.
Expanding the therapeutic toolkit in functional neurological disorder: consensus recommendations for speech and language therapy.

Our ability to communicate with one another is precious. For individuals diagnosed with functional neurological disorder (FND)—a prevalent, costly and potentially disabling condition at the intersection of neurology and psychiatry—patients can present with speech and swallowing difficulties in isolation or as part of a mixed symptom complex.1 Baker and colleagues have deftly addressed a previously unmet need in the field by organising a multidisciplinary, international expert panel (including 18 speech and language professionals) to detail consensus recommendations for the management of functional communication, swallowing, cough and related conditions.2 Convergent with published consensus recommendations for physiotherapy and occupational therapy in FND,3 4 this article expands the therapeutic toolkit for the management of …
Investigation of the relationship between method of processing recycled manure solids bedding and udder health and production on Midwest dairy farms

There has been a rapid increase in adoption of recycled manure solids (RMS) as bedding in Midwest dairy herds over the past 10 to 15 years due to perceived advantages such as cost and availability. Several studies have reported increased bedding bacteria counts (BBC) and increased mastitis risk in herds using RMS as compared to inorganic or organic non-manure materials. Although many RMS dairies use either green/raw (GRN) solids or solids first processed through an anaerobic methane digester (DIG), some herds have adopted mechanical composters (COM) or dryers (DRY) in an effort to lower BBC and control mastitis. Research is needed to evaluate potential benefits and costs of adopting these technologies. This research team initiated a study to evaluate udder health, air quality, antimicrobial resistance in solids, and economics, for herds using different RMS processing methods. The objective of this portion of the study was to investigate if method of processing RMS is associated with udder health and milk production on Midwest dairy farms.
Distributed Finite-Time Event-Triggered Frequency and Voltage Control of AC Microgrids

This paper proposes a finite-time event-triggered secondary frequency and voltage control for islanded AC microgrids (MGs) in a distributed fashion. The proposed control strategy can effectively perform frequency restoration and voltage regulations, while sharing the active and reactive power among the distributed generators (DGs) based on their power ratings. The finite-time control enables a system to reach consensus in a finite period of time enhanced from the asymptotic convergence. The event-triggered communication is utilized to reduce the communication burden among the DG controllers by transmitting data among DGs if an event-triggering condition is satisfied. The performance of the proposed finite-time event-triggered frequency control is verified utilizing a hardware-in-the-loop experimental testbed which simulates an AC MG in Opal-RT.
Symbolic Computing with LISP and PROLOG

LISP PROLOG and denotational programming LISP - notations for data in LISP functions building lists and extracting components more list manipulation functions a lenient function: "if" naming partial results: "let" recursion debugging more lenient functions: "and, or" pumping divide and conquer input and output higher order functions numbers PROLOG - notation for data and variables in PROLOG propositional facts, rules, and queries relations containing variables unification: how the interpreter instantiates variables recursion propagation and accumulation of results divide and conquer "and/or" control flow saving computation with embedded "or" control "not" backtracking generating all solutions using "Bagof" and "Setof" inhibiting backtracking built-in relations for program file access and transformation of terms program construction and debugging numbers input and output declarative and procedural semantics of logic prog
Mapping Static and Dynamic Crack-Tip Deformations Using Reflection-Mode Digital Gradient Sensing: Applications to Mode-I and Mixed-Mode Fracture

The reflection-mode digital gradient sensing (r-DGS) method is extended for visualizing and quantifying crack-tip deformations in solids under quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions. The r-DGS technique employs digital image correlation principles to quantify two orthogonal surface slopes simultaneously in specularly reflective solids by measuring small deflections of light rays. Here, for the first time, r-DGS is implemented to study both mode-I and mixed-mode (I/II) problems and evaluate fracture parameters. Under dynamic loading conditions, r-DGS is employed in conjunction with high-speed digital photography to map surface slopes in edge cracked plates subjected to one-point impact. The measured surface slopes are used to successfully evaluate instantaneous stress intensity factor histories by combining measurements with the corresponding asymptotic crack-tip fields and performing over-deterministic least-squares analyses. Finite element computations are also used to complement experimental measurements as needed.
Treatment of Talipes Varus by Physical Education

(1914). Treatment of Talipes Varus by Physical Education. American Physical Education Review: Vol. 19, No. 8, pp. 576-580.
Tennis Elbow: Definition, Causes, Epidemiology

Tennis elbow, or lateral epicondylitis, is an overuse tendinopathy of the lateral wrist extensor muscles where they insert at the elbow. This condition occurs most commonly in adults between 30 and 50 years, with risk factors including repetitive use of the elbow, tobacco use, and other hand issues such as carpal tunnel syndrome and deQuervain’s tenosynovitis. The etiology is not clearly understood, but microvascular trauma, cutaneous nerve injury, and friction wear of the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) have all been proposed.
Transparency and the ethics of belief

A central dispute in the ethics of belief concerns what kinds of considerations can be reasons for belief. Nishi Shah has recently argued that the correct explanation of transparency in doxastic deliberation—the psychological phenomenon that only considerations bearing on the truth of p can be deliberated from to conclude in believing that p—settles this debate in favor of strict evidentialism, the view that only evidence can be a reason for belief. I argue that Shah’s favored explanation of transparency fails to imply this result—that it leaves open the possibility that there can be non-evidential reasons for belief. The upshot is that practical non-evidentialists—those who hold that there are at least some non-evidential, practical reasons for belief—can happily accept the fact of transparency, and Shah’s explanation of it, without having to abandon their view.
Das IBM Personal System/2

Die Systemfamilie IBM Personal System/2 hat zur Zeit folgende Mitglieder: Modell 30 Modell 50 Modell 60 Modell 70 Modell 80
High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is an emerging noninvasive, local treatment for prostate cancer with 17 years of clinical experience during which approximately 50,000 HIFU treatments have been performed worldwide. The premise behind HIFU is the destruction of tissue by depositing large amounts of energy into it. Ultrasound waves deposit energy as they travel through tissue, but the amount of energy deposited during traditional, diagnostic ultrasound imaging is insignificant (Woodward and Warwick 1970). Ablating with ultrasound is accomplished by doing two things: increasing the intensity of the waves and focusing the waves on a focal point. When performed appropriately, it will raise the temperature of tissue to a level sufficient to cause irreversible damage (cell kill) in a discrete volume of tissue (Wu et al. 2001).
Creation of human tumour cells with defined genetic elements

During malignant transformation, cancer cells acquire genetic mutations that override the normal mechanisms controlling cellular proliferation. Primary rodent cells are efficiently converted into tumorigenic cells by the coexpression of cooperating oncogenes1,2. However, similar experiments with human cells have consistently failed to yield tumorigenic transformants3,4,5, indicating a fundamental difference in the biology of human and rodent cells. The few reported successes in the creation of human tumour cells have depended on the use of chemical or physical agents to achieve immortalization6, the selection of rare, spontaneously arising immortalized cells7,8,9,10, or the use of an entire viral genome11. We show here that the ectopic expression of the telomerase catalytic subunit (hTERT)12 in combination with two oncogenes (the simian virus 40 large-T oncoprotein and an oncogenic allele of H-ras) results in direct tumorigenic conversion of normal human epithelial and fibroblast cells. These results demonstrate that disruption of the intracellular pathways regulated by large-T, oncogenic ras and telomerase suffices to create a human tumor cell.
Histological and biochemical outcomes of cardiac pathology in mdx mice with dietary quercetin enrichment

New Findings What is the central question of this study? Does dietary quercetin enrichment improve biochemical and histological outcomes in hearts from mdx mice? What is the main finding and what is its importance? Biochemical and histological findings suggest that chronic quercetin feeding of mdx mice may improve mitochondrial function and attenuate tissue pathology. Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy suffer from cardiac pathology, which causes up to 40% of all deaths because of fibrosis and cardiac complications. Quercetin is a flavonol with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and is also an activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α capable of antioxidant upregulation, mitochondrial biogenesis and prevention of cardiac complications. We sought to determine the extent to which dietary quercetin enrichment prevents (experiment 1) and rescues cardiac pathology (experiment 2) in mdx mice. In experiment 1, 3-week-old mdx mice were fed control chow (C3w6m, n = 10) or chow containing 0.2% quercetin for 6 months (Q3w6m, n = 10). In experiment 2, 3-month-old mdx mice were fed control chow (C3m6m, n = 10) or 0.2% chow containing 0.2% quercetin for 6 months (Q3m6m, n = 10). Hearts were excised for histological and biochemical analyses. In experiment 1, Western blot targets for mitochondrial biogenesis (cytochrome c, P = 0.007) and antioxidant expression (superoxide dismutase 2, P = 0.014) increased in Q3w6m mice compared with C3w6m. Histology revealed increased utrophin (P = 0.025) and decreased matrix metalloproteinase 9 abundance (P = 0.040) in Q3w6m mice compared with C3w6m. In experiment 2, relative (P = 0.023) and absolute heart weights (P = 0.020) decreased in Q3m6m mice compared with C3m6m. Indications of damage (Haematoxylin- and Eosin-stained sections, P = 0.007) and Western blot analysis of transforming growth factor β1 (P = 0.009) were decreased in Q3m6m mice. Six months of quercetin feeding increased a mitochondrial biomarker, antioxidant protein and utrophin and decreased matrix metalloproteinase 9 in young mice. Given that these adaptations are associated with attenuated cardiac pathology and damage, the present findings may indicate that dietary quercetin enrichment attenuates dystrophic cardiac pathology, but physiological confirmation is needed.
Processing of Alzheimer Aβ-Amyloid Precursor Protein: Cell Biology, Regulation, and Role in Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by an intracranial amyloidosis that develops in an age-dependent manner and appears to be dependent upon the production of Aβ-amyloid by proteolysis of its integral membrane precursor, the Alzheimer Aβ-amyloid precursor protein (APP). Evidence causally linking APP to AD has been provided by the discovery of mutations within the APP coding sequence that segregate with disease phenotypes in autosomal dominant familial cerebral amyloidoses, including some types of familial AD (FAD). Though FAD is rare (< 10% of all AD), the characteristic clinicopathological features — amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, synaptic and neuronal loss, neurotransmitter deficits, dementia — are apparently indistinguishable when FAD is compared with typical, common, “non-familial,” or sporadic, AD (SAD).
Treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head with vascularized bone grafting

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a challenging diagnosis for the patient and treating surgeon. Though its cause is poorly understood, several methods of surgical treatment exist and are performed with variable success. Vascularized bone grafting is one such treatment that attempts to restore viable bone, structural support, and blood supply to the avascular portion of the femoral head. This review summarizes the various approaches to this technique that have been proposed and put into practice. The cost effectiveness of these procedures, both in time and resources, has been evaluated and found to be favorable. The use of revascularization procedures, along with the introduction of other potentiating factors, may signal an exciting future for this debilitating disease process.
Local data assimilation and analysis for nowcasting

Abstract Advances in remote sensing from ground-based and space-borne systems, expanded in-situ observation networks, and increased low-cost computer capability, will allow an unprecedented view of mesoscale weather systems from the local weather office. However, the volume of data from these new instruments, the nonconventional quantities measured, and a frequent operational cycle, require the development of systems to translate this information into products aimed specifically at aiding the forecaster in zero to six hour prediction. An observing network now exists in northeast Colorado that is similar to what a local weather office will have available within 5–7 years. With GOES and TIROS satellites, Doppler radar, wind profilers, and surface mesonet stations, we have a unique opportunity to explore the use of such data in nowcasting weather phenomena. The scheme, called LAPS (the Local Analysis and Prediction System), objectively analyzes data on a high-resolution (10-km), three-dimensional grid. The analyzed fields are used to generate mesoscale forecast products currently aimed at convection and aircraft icing. Substantial skill was demonstrated during a convective forecasting experiment. While preliminary results from the icing experiment indicate improvements are needed with fine detail, the results are useful in an areally averaged sense.
The relationship of hydroelectric power to the columbia river basin development

While hydroelectric power generation is only one aspect of the development of a river valley, it is an essential one. General O. E. Walsh of the Corps of Engineers describes the Columbia River Basin development and the part that water power plays in this great project.
A new mechanism for interstistitial migration

Abstract It is shown theoretically that the equilibrium position of an interstitial ion may depend upon its charge state. It is proposed that migration of this type of defect through the lattice may occur via a succession of changes of charge state. Possible instances where the mechanism might occur in diffusion and radiation damage studies in diamond, silicon and germanium are discussed, but a definitive confirmation of the mechanism has not yet been found. The mechanism can occur for other types of defects and in semiconductors and insulators in general.
Modification of replicon operation in HeLa cells by 2,4-dinitrophenol.

Abstract Cycloheximide causes inhibition of semiconservative DNA replication in HeLa cells by reducing the average rate of DNA chain elongation. 2,4-Dinitrophenol inhibits semiconservative DNA replication (50 to 80% inhibitions at 10−3 to 5 × 10−3 M-2,4-dinitrophenol) without affecting the average rate of DNA chain elongation. Therefore, at any given time the number of replicating sections of DNA per DNA-synthesizing (S-phase) cell appears to be reduced in the presence of 2,4-dinitrophenol. Radioactivity profiles of pulse-labeled DNA in alkaline sucrose gradients suggest that 2,4-dinitrophenol modifies initiation and termination patterns of replicating sections, most of which are found to be 10 to 80 μm (mode: 15 to 30 μm) under control conditions. DNA synthesized in the presence of 2,4-dinitrophenol has the density of control DNA, is metabolically stable, and after mitosis, functions normally as a template in the next round of replication.
Electoral Change and Regime Maintenance: Maynard Jackson's Second Time Around

Maynard Jackson's return to the mayoralty of Atlanta in 1990 suggests the stability of an electoral coalition that rivals the welldocumented durability of what Clarence Stone (1989) refers to as the governing regime in Atlanta. Jackson's initial two terms as mayor were followed by Andrew Young's two terms (the city charter prohibits more than two consecutive terms in office). Jackson's landslide victory in 1989 was described as more of a coronation than an election. While both Jackson and Young appear to have maintained dominant electoral coalitions, subtle changes within those coalitions may portend more dramatic electoral changes and, indeed, could modify the governing regime. There is little doubt that blacks will remain dominant in citywide elections; however, subtle racial undertones and other socioeconomic cleavages may be precipitating shifts in electoral coalitions that could, in turn, change the posture of the governing regime. The 1989 election itself suggests some of the undercurrents of change in the electorate; these changes are subtle, but perceptible.