cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protecting Sovereignty in the Peripheries: Boundary Maintenance by Courts in Australia, Canada, the United States, and the European Union

In its 2012 decision on the Medicaid expansion provision in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Congress had overstepped the line between constitutional persuasion and unconstitutional coercion. Chief Justice John Roberts reasoned that the provision violated the Constitution by threatening the states with the loss of all their Medicaid funding if they did not comply with Congress’ instructions to expand health care coverage for poor and disabled individuals in their states. Have courts in other federal or federal-like systems recognized the same state sovereignty limitation on the exercise of national power? What judicially created doctrines have been used to maintain the constitutional boundaries between the central government and subsidiary units in the periphery? Are any of these doctrines of constitutional federalism similar to the anti-commandeering and anti-coercion rules in U.S. law, which has been used recently to preclude Congress from conscripting states into carrying out national policies protecting the environment and curbing gun violence, and from coercing the states into accepting any federal conditions on the receipt of federal funding? After tracing the development of the anti-commandeering and anti-coercion rules in U.S. constitutional law, the efforts by courts in Australia, Canada, and the European Union to protect state, provincial, and Member State sovereignty from attempts by the central government to intrude upon their governing autonomy are examined. Comparison of the application of the anti-commandeering and anti-coercion rules in U.S. law and their analogues in Australian law (the doctrine of implied immunity of government instrumentalities), Canadian law (the doctrine of interjurisdictional immunity), and EU law (the principle of subsidiarity) reveals that judicial enforcement in the United States of a strict prohibition against the federal government compelling states to enact or administer its policies is unique. Protecting sovereignty in the periphery is a fundamental constitutional value proclaimed by each court in this comparative study. But the changing nature of center-periphery relations and the demands of governing in the modern era have led courts in Australia, Canada, and the European Union to narrow and even reject state sovereignty doctrines that immunize governing units in the peripheries from central government regulation and control.
Knee joint replacement using Shiers knee hinge.

In twenty-four arthroplasties of the knee in twenty patients the Shiers knee-hinge prosthesis was used. These patients were followed for an average of thirty-three months after operation. Five patients who had been totally confined to a wheelchair prior to surgery were able to walk postoperatively, and ambulation improved in all patients. Pain was relieved in eighteen of twenty patients. Complications occurred in eight of twenty patients.
Dynamic Estimation of Latent Opinion Using a Hierarchical Group-Level IRT Model

Over the past eight decades, millions of people have been surveyed on their political opinions. Until recently, however, polls rarely included enough questions in a given domain to apply scaling techniques such as IRT models at the individual level, preventing scholars from taking full advantage of historical survey data. To address this problem, we develop a Bayesian group-level IRT approach that models latent traits at the level of demographic and/or geographic groups rather than individuals. We use a hierarchical model to borrow strength cross-sectionally and dynamic linear models to do so across time. The group-level estimates can be weighted to generate estimates for geographic units. This framework opens up vast new areas of research on historical public opinion, especially at the subnational level. We illustrate this potential by estimating the average policy liberalism of citizens in each U.S. state in each year between 1972 and 2012.
BUSINESS THOROUGHFARES AS EXPRESSIONS OF URBAN NEGRO CULTURE

An engulfing wave of cacophonous sound: from jazz and swinging syncopations blaring-pulsating over loudspeakers recessed in the interiors of bars, liquor stores and record shops; from a shabbily dr...
Conjugate heat and mass transfer in the lattice Boltzmann equation method.

An interface treatment for conjugate heat and mass transfer in the lattice Boltzmann equation method is proposed based on our previously proposed second-order accurate Dirichlet and Neumann boundary schemes. The continuity of temperature (concentration) and its flux at the interface for heat (mass) transfer is intrinsically satisfied without iterative computations, and the interfacial temperature (concentration) and their fluxes are conveniently obtained from the microscopic distribution functions without finite-difference calculations. The present treatment takes into account the local geometry of the interface so that it can be directly applied to curved interface problems such as conjugate heat and mass transfer in porous media. For straight interfaces or curved interfaces with no tangential gradient, the coupling between the interfacial fluxes along the discrete lattice velocity directions is eliminated and thus the proposed interface schemes can be greatly simplified. Several numerical tests are conducted to verify the applicability and accuracy of the proposed conjugate interface treatment, including (i) steady convection-diffusion in a channel containing two different fluids, (ii) unsteady convection-diffusion in the channel, (iii) steady heat conduction inside a circular domain with two different solid materials, and (iv) unsteady mass transfer from a spherical droplet in an extensional creeping flow. The accuracy and order of convergence of the simulated interior temperature (concentration) field, the interfacial temperature (concentration), and heat (mass) flux are examined in detail and compared with those obtained from the “half-lattice division” treatment in the literature. The present analysis and numerical results show that the half-lattice division scheme is second-order accurate only when the interface is fixed at the center of the lattice links, while the present treatment preserves second-order accuracy for arbitrary link fractions. For curved interfaces, the present treatment yields second-order accurate interior and interfacial temperatures (concentrations) and first-order accurate interfacial heat (mass) flux. An increase of order of convergence by one degree is obtained for each of these three quantities compared with the half-lattice division scheme. The surface-averaged Sherwood numbers computed in test (iv) agree well with published results.
Kaleidoscopic Consent Decrees: School Desegregation and Prison Reform Consent Decrees After the Prison Litigation Reform Act and Freeman-Dowell

Since the Prison Litigation Reform Act (PLRA) and its changes to modification and termination standards in school desegregation, kaleidoscopic changes have altered the character of an important dispute resolution tool: the consent decree. Traditionally, the consent decree has been recognized as a hybrid between a judicial order and a settlement agreement entered into by parties. However, the modification and termination standards for both prison reform consent decrees and school desegregation consent decrees have changed. Despite the changes, some courts have concluded that prison reform and school desegregation consent decrees continue to be governed by similar modification and termination standards. Although there has been much legal commentary recently about the changes to prison reform cases brought about by the PLRA and about the constitutionality of the new statutory standards of the PLRA, there has been no discussion regarding the impact of the PLRA’s statutory requirements in altering the nature of prison reform consent decrees. There has also been no discussion about the changes in school desegregation consent decree termination standards or the parallels between these changes and the changes in prison reform consent decrees. Now, eight years since the passage of the PLRA and over ten years since the establishment of new school desegregation termination standards, after kaleidoscopic application of consent decree modification standards by courts and unnoticed changes in the character of consent decrees, discussion of the broader implications of the these new standards is in order. The purpose of this Comment is to compare the traditional consent decree modification and termination standards with the new modification and termination standards for prison reform and school desegregation consent decrees to demonstrate how the new standards (1) have changed the character of consent decrees in these two areas to be more characteristic of judicial orders, (2) have altered traditional incentives to enter into consent decrees in these areas, and (3) will allow courts in the prison reform setting to achieve more success in the shared goal of more efficiently returning control over prisons to state and local control than courts will achieve in the school desegregation setting.
Multivariate evaluation of the cutting performance of rotary instruments with electric and air-turbine handpieces.

Abstract Statement of problem Laboratory studies of tooth preparation often involve single values for all variables other than the one being tested. In contrast, in clinical settings, not all variables can be adequately controlled. For example, a new dental rotary cutting instrument may be tested in the laboratory by making a specific cut with a fixed force, but, in clinical practice, the instrument must make different cuts with individual dentists applying different forces. Therefore, the broad applicability of laboratory results to diverse clinical conditions is uncertain and the comparison of effects across studies difficult. Purpose The purpose of this in vitro study was to examine the effects of 9 process variables on the dental cutting of rotary cutting instruments used with an electric handpiece and compare them with those of a previous study that used an air-turbine handpiece. Material and methods The effects of 9 key process variables on the efficiency of a simulated dental cutting operation were measured. A fractional factorial experiment was conducted by using an electric handpiece in a computer-controlled, dedicated testing apparatus to simulate dental cutting procedures with Macor blocks as the cutting substrate. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the statistical significance (α=.05). Results Four variables (targeted applied load, cut length, diamond grit size, and cut type) consistently produced large, statistically significant effects, whereas 5 variables (rotation per minute, number of cooling ports, rotary cutting instrument diameter, disposability, and water flow rate) produced relatively small, statistically insignificant effects. These results are generally similar to those previously found for an air-turbine handpiece. Conclusions Regardless of whether an electric or air-turbine handpiece was used, the control exerted by the dentist, simulated in this study by targeting a specific level of applied force, was the single most important factor affecting cutting efficiency. Cutting efficiency was also significantly affected by factors simulating patient/clinical circumstances and hardware choices. These results highlight the greater importance of local clinical conditions (procedure, dentist) in understanding dental cutting as opposed to other hardware-related factors.
Fuel Tank Structured Strength Analysis based on ABAQUS

Fuel truck is the core component of the fuel supplying system,the research and design relies mainly on the experience of the engineer to complete,product updates speed is slow,high cost.In this paper,the tank truck 3-D structure model was designed combining with modern design method by software UG,the maximum stress was 250.8MPa and the maximum strain was 9.6 mm of the fuel tank,fuel structure were obtained by using the finite element method,which provides theoretical references.So,not only greatly reduces the fuel tank design cost also Shorten the development cycle.
Human Cancer Antigen Globo H Is a Cell-Surface Ligand for Human Ribonuclease 1

Pancreatic-type ribonucleases are secretory enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of RNA. Recent efforts have endowed the homologues from cow (RNase A) and human (RNase 1) with toxicity for cancer cells, leading to a clinical trial. The basis for the selective toxicity of ribonuclease variants for cancerous versus noncancerous cells has, however, been unclear. A screen for RNase A ligands in an array of mammalian cell-surface glycans revealed strong affinity for a hexasaccharide, Globo H, that is a tumor-associated antigen and the basis for a vaccine in clinical trials. The affinity of RNase A and RNase 1 for immobilized Globo H is in the low micromolar-high nanomolar range. Moreover, reducing the display of Globo H on the surface of human breast adenocarcinoma cells with a small-molecule inhibitor of biosynthesis or a monoclonal antibody antagonist decreases the toxicity of an RNase 1 variant. Finally, heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR spectroscopy showed that RNase 1 interacts with Globo H by using residues that are distal from the enzymic active site. The discovery that a systemic human ribonuclease binds to a moiety displayed on human cancer cells links two clinical paradigms and suggests a mechanism for innate resistance to cancer.
An Accelerated Iterative Linear Solver with GPUs for CFD Calculations of Unstructured Grids

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) utilizes numerical solutions of Partial Differential Equations (PDE) on discretized volumes. These sets of discretized volumes, grids, can often contain tens of millions, or billions of volumes. The analysis time of these large unstructured grids can take weeks to months to complete even on large computer clusters. For CFD solvers utilizing the Finite Volume Method (FVM) with implicit time stepping or a segregated pressure solver, a large portion of the computation time is spent solving a large linear system with a sparse coefficient matrix. In an effort to improve the performance of these CFD codes, in effect decreasing the time to solution of engineering problems, a conjugate gradient solver for a Finite Volume Method Solver Graphics Processing Units (GPU) was implemented to solve a model Poisson's equation. Utilizing the improved memory throughput of NVIDIA's Tesla K20 GPU a 2.5 times improvement was observed compared to a parallel CPU implementation on all 10 cores of an Intel Xeon E5-2670 v2. The parallel CPU implementation was constructed using the open source CFD toolbox, Open-FOAM.
Adenocarcinoma of the Urethra

Primary urethral adenocarcinomas are extremely rare with incidence rates that are less than 1 per million annually. Most are clear cell carcinomas arising in African-American women, although a variety of histologic types have been reported in men and women. Local disease control must be obtained to achieve a good outcome. A variety of treatments including various combinations of radiation, surgery and chemotherapy have had success. However, because most experiences are very small, it is difficult to draw conclusions about relative efficacy of these approaches.
Identifying motivators and barriers to student completion of instructor evaluations: A multi-faceted, collaborative approach from four colleges of pharmacy

Abstract Objective To identify motivators and barriers to pharmacy student completion of instructor evaluations, and to develop potential strategies to improve the evaluation process. Methods Completed at four Ohio Colleges of Pharmacy, Phase I consisted of a student/faculty survey and Phase II consisted of joint student/faculty focus groups to discuss Phase I data and to problem solve. Results In Phase I, the top three student-identified and faculty-perceived motivators to completion of evaluations were to (1) make the course better, (2) earn bonus points, and (3) improve the instructor's teaching. The top three student-identified barriers to completion of evaluations were having to (1) evaluate multiple instructors, (2) complete several evaluations around the same time, and (3) complete lengthy evaluations. Phase II focus groups identified a number of potential ways to enhance the motivators and reduce barriers, including but not limited to making sure faculty convey to students that the feedback they provide is useful and to provide examples of how student feedback has been used to improve their teaching/the course. Conclusions Students and faculty identified motivators and barriers to completing instructor evaluations and were willing to work together to improve the process.
Newer P2Y12 Inhibitors: How Does the Interventional Cardiologist Choose?

Dual antiplatelet therapy remains the cornerstone of the medical management of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). In ACS patients receiving a coronary stent, the combination of aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor reduces rates of stent thrombosis and major adverse cardiovascular events. Given
Crop evapotranspiration calculation using infrared thermometers aboard center pivots

Abstract Irrigation scheduling using remotely sensed surface temperature can result in equal or greater crop yield and crop water use efficiency compared with irrigation scheduling using in-situ soil water profile measurements. Crop evapotranspiration (ETc) is useful for irrigation scheduling, and can be calculated using surface temperature. Recent advances in wireless infrared thermometers (IRTs) have made surface temperature measurement a viable alternative to in-situ soil water profile measurements, and wireless IRTs are practical for deployment aboard moving irrigation systems, such as center pivots. However, ETc calculation has not been tested using IRTs aboard center pivots in conjunction with recent advances in a two-source energy balance (TSEB) model. We compared daily ETc calculated by a TSEB model to daily ETc estimated by a simple soil water balance (SSWB), where the SSWB used volumetric soil water measured by a field calibrated neutron probe to the 2.4-m depth. Crops included two seasons each of corn (Zea mays L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) at Bushland, Texas, USA. Discrepancies of TSEB vs. SSWB daily ETc were similar for each crop and season, and had root mean squared error from 1.5 to 1.8 mm per day, mean absolute error from 1.1 to 1.5 mm per day, and mean bias error from −0.51 to 0.63 mm per day. A sensitivity analysis was conducted for daily evaporation (E), daily transpiration (T), and ETc calculated by the TSEB model. These were most sensitive to radiometric surface temperature, air temperature, the reference temperature used in time scaling (i.e., to convert instantaneous to daily E, T, and ETc), and incoming solar irradiance. Because over half of the irrigated area in the USA is now by center pivot, ETc calculated using IRTs aboard center pivots will be useful to maintain or increase crop water productivity.
Study of Defects in Croconic Acid Single Crystals Using Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy

Croconic acid is the first single molecular organic ferroelectric material exhibiting very high spontaneous polarization (~ 20 μC/cm2) at room temperature. Maximizing polarization depends on minimizing void defects in croconic acid crystals. In this experiment, the change in void defects upon the thermal treatment is characterized using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. Both defect void size and intensity are measured, and their dependence upon the thermal treatment duration is studied. In addition, the relation between the void defect and ferroelectric hysteresis of croconic acid is established.
Chemical Communication Between Vagal Afferent Somata in Nodose Ganglia of the Rat and the Guinea Pig In Vitro

The cell bodies of spinal afferents, dorsal root ganglion neurons, are depolarized several millivolts, and their probability of spiking increased when axons of neighboring somata in the same ganglion are electrically stimulated repetitively. This form of neural communication has been designated cross-depolarization (CD) and cross-excitation (CE). The existence of CD and CE between somata of vagal afferents (nodose ganglion neurons, NGNs) of rats and guinea pigs was investigated by electrically stimulating the vagus nerve while recording the electrical activity of NGNs in intact nodose ganglia with sharp intracellular microelectrodes. CD and CE in NGNs were manifested by a membrane depolarization (approximately 4 mV), the presence of spontaneous action potentials, and a decreased spike threshold. CD was dependent on the frequency and intensity of vagal nerve stimulation. Two distinct types of CD were observed: 1) in NGNs with large input resistances (R(in)), CD was dependent on [Ca2+]o, associated with increased membrane conductance, and had an extrapolated reversal potential (E(rev)) value of about -25 mV; and 2) in NGNs with low R(in), CD was independent of [Ca2+]o, not accompanied by a membrane conductance change, or a measurable E(rev) value. These data reveal the existence of a chemical communication pathway between vagal afferent somata and suggest the possibility that communication between different visceral organs may occur at the level of the primary vagal afferent neuron.
The Financial Aid Consortium: Rationales and Best Practices for their Establishment between Community Colleges and Public Universities

ABSTRACTThe financial challenges facing college students in the U.S. are daunting. The majority of these students are incurring substantial debt during their studies. For many this likely debt level is sufficient to cause them to forgo college, while for others it leads them to drop out before completing a degree. This financial strain places a premium on efforts that the student can take to economize. One of the most substantial ways that the students can economize is through the inclusion of a community college in their plans of study. Consequently, economizing requires the inclusion of multiple colleges and the courses needed to be taken at different institutions seldom fits neatly into full-time semesters. Recent regulatory changes have created an opportunity for institutions to eliminate this type of financial strain through the strategic cooperation of a financial aid consortium.
Reducing process delays for real-time earthquake parameter estimation An application of KD tree to large databases for Earthquake Early Warning

Earthquake parameter estimations using nearest neighbor searching among a large database of observations can lead to reliable prediction results. However, in the real-time application of Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) systems, the accurate prediction using a large database is penalized by a significant delay in the processing time. We propose to use a multidimensional binary search tree (KD tree) data structure to organize large seismic databases to reduce the processing time in nearest neighbor search for predictions. We evaluated the performance of KD tree on the Gutenberg Algorithm, a database-searching algorithm for EEW. We constructed an offline test to predict peak ground motions using a database with feature sets of waveform filter-bank characteristics, and compare the results with the observed seismic parameters. We concluded that large database provides more accurate predictions of the ground motion information, such as peak ground acceleration, velocity, and displacement (PGA, PGV, PGD), than source parameters, such as hypocenter distance. Application of the KD tree search to organize the database reduced the average searching process by 85% time cost of the exhaustive method, allowing the method to be feasible for real-time implementation. The algorithm is straightforward and the results will reduce the overall time of warning delivery for EEW. Presented a multidimensional binary search (KD) tree database structure for seismic data.Reduced average searching time by 85% for real-time seismology predictions.Suggested to directly predict ground motion information for Earthquake Early Warning due to accuracy.Evaluated pros and cons of modeling approach and big data search approach for real-time seismology.
Toward adaptive infrastructure: flexibility and agility in a non-stationarity age

As technologies rapidly progress, there is growing evidence that our civil infrastructure do not have the capacity to adaptively and reliably deliver services in the face of rapid changes in demand...
“People just don't look at you the same way”: Public stigma, private suffering and unmet social support needs among mothers who use drugs in the aftermath of child removal

Abstract Reduced social support among parents is a well-established risk factor for child removal by child protective services. There has been relatively little attention, however, to mothers' social networks following child removal, including how stigma and additional strain of living apart from children may influence mothers' social ties. Foregrounding the rarely heard perspectives of mothers who use drugs, a group disproportionately intervened upon by child protective services, this study examines social relationships and social support among mothers in the aftermath of child removal. We conducted in-depth interviews with 19 women who use drugs and conducted thematic analysis to examine social relationships and patterns of social support. Women reported severely disadvantaged social networks following child removal, with network ties commonly cited as providing low support, most often attributed to poverty-related adversities, lack of acknowledgment of the traumatic nature of women's losses, and pronounced stigmatization. Findings highlight how unmet social support needs and stigma can act to deepen social blame and marginalization of mothers following child removal, impeding efforts toward family reunification and foreclosing other life opportunities. More mutually supportive, peer-to-peer spaces are needed to provide support to parents currently involved in the system and to challenge processes of stigmatization.
Document security in the ancient world

While issues of encryption, firewalls, surveillance technologies, and cyber terrorism occupy the dayto-day thoughts of contemporary practitioners on the frontiers of information science, the essential problems they face are old, not new. The concept of document security goes back to some of the earliest eras from which writing survives. Testimony to the efforts of information professionals confronting security issues in the ancient world can be found in business, government, family, and temple contexts. Even the name of one of today’s most persistent (and pesky) computer problems, the Trojan horse, reminds us that the challenges of today perpetuate, in new forms, problems faced by our predecessors in the distant past. We can even, at least sporadically, trace shifts of usage in response to changes in the technology of writing from clay tablet to papyrus, wax codex, and parchment. These changes may remind us of the way new formats and technology in our own time have made us scramble to keep up with the ingenuity of hackers, or the danger of losing information left behind, stored on obsolete diskettes, coded in computer languages no one studies any longer, or stranded in unsupported software.
Reverse Engineering Digital ICs through Geometric Embedding of Circuit Graphs

Outsourcing of design and manufacturing processes makes integrated circuits (ICs) vulnerable to adversarial changes and raises concerns about their integrity. Reverse engineering the manufactured netlist helps identify malicious insertions. In this article, we present an automated approach that, given a reference design description with high-level blocks, infers these blocks in an untrusted gate-level (test) implementation. Using the graph connectivity of the netlists, we compute a geometric embedding for each wire in the circuits, which, then, is used to compute a bipartite matching between the nodes of the two designs and identify high-level blocks in the test circuit. Experiments to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed technique on various-sized designs, including the multi-core processor OpenSparc T1, show that it can correctly match over 90% of gates in the test circuit to their corresponding block in the reference model.
Time for a Marketing Curriculum Overhaul: Developing a Digital-First Approach:

Academic programs and educators face numerous challenges related to teaching digital marketing. Today, the world of marketing is digital and marketing programs have struggled to maintain pace with ...
Leader-Member Exchange and Stress: The Mediating Role of Job Involvement and Role Conflict

Research examining the influence of leader-member exchange (LMX) on employee outcomes is plentiful. However, research exploring the negative consequences of high-quality LMX relationships has been limited. This research posits, tests, and then replicates a model in which role conflict and job involvement mediate the relationship between LMX and stress. Results from a sample of 418 organizational employees of a water management district indicate that both role conflict and job involvement partially mediate the relationship between LMX and stress. Additionally, both role conflict and job involvement were found to fully mediate the relationship between LMX and stress in a sample of 134 employees from a state lottery commission. Strengths, limitations, practical implications, and directions for future research also are presented.
Chapter 25 – Measures of Function and Health-related Quality of Life

Introduction to Function and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) Measures 321 Definitions 3 21 Reasons for Measuring Function and HRQL 3 21 What do Function and HRQL Measure? 3 22 How are Function, QOL, and HRQL Measures Used? 323 Examples of Functional Measures and Health-Related Quality of Life Measures 324 Functional Measures 3 24 HRQL and QoL Measures 3 24 Criteria for Selection of HRQL Measures 3 26 Specific Functional Measures, HRQL, and QoL Instruments 3 27 Other Instruments to Consider 328 Importance of Quality of Life Measures for Health Care 328 Summary Questions 329 References 329
Wind Tunnel Flow Field Visualizations of the Space Launch System Vehicle Ascent

A wind tunnel test was conducted to characterize the aeroacoustic environment of several configurations of the Space Launch System during ascent. The test was conducted in the 11-by-11 foot transonic and 9-by-7 foot supersonic test sections at NASA Ames research center. Throughout this experiment data was collected from several types of instrumentation including: dynamic and steady-state pressure sensors, unsteady and steady pressure sensitive paint, time-resolved shadowgraph and infrared imaging. The following details results and analysis from the time-resolved shadowgraph and infrared imaging data systems. The time-resolved shadowgraph provided a qualitative measurement of the near-field turbulent fluctuations. These results helped provide context to the relative magnitude and frequency content of the fluid-structure-interaction driving the surface pressure phenomena characterized by the discrete pressure transducers and unsteady pressure sensitive paint. The infrared imaging was used to verify boundary layer trip effectiveness and provide temperature correction for the unsteady pressure sensitive paint.
Low Loss 28 GHz Digital Phase Shifter for 5G Phased Array Transceivers

Integrated 28-GHz reflection-type phase shifter (RTPS) with near-constant insertion-loss for next generation 5G applications is demonstrated in this paper. This differential RTPS design employs a diagonal configuration for the coupler and a 6-bit binary weighted switched varactors array for PVT-robust phase tuning. The IC occupies area of $\pmb{840\ \text{x}\ 800\mu \text{m}^{2}}$ and was fabricated in $0.12\ \mu\text{m}$ SiGe BiCMOS process, using CMOS features only. The measured results show state of the art insertion loss of $4\pm 1\text{dB}$ and phase tuning range larger than 180 degrees at 24–31 GHz. At 28 GHz, the phase shifter exhibits insertion loss of $4\pm 0.35\ \text{dB}$ , and achieves tuning range of 210 degrees with zero power consumption.
Simple Tip-Based Sample Processing Method for Urinary Proteomic Analysis

Mass spectrometry-based urinary proteomics is one of the most attractive strategies to discover proteins for diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring, or prediction of therapeutic responses of urological diseases involving the kidney, prostate, and bladder; however, interfering compounds found in urine necessitate sample preparation strategies that are currently not suitable for urinary proteomics in the clinical setting. Herein, we describe the C4-tip method, comprising a simple, automated strategy utilizing a reverse-phase resin tip-based format and “on-tip” digestion to examine the urine proteome. We first determined the optimal conditions for protein isolation and protease digestion on the C4-tip using the standard protein bovine fetuin. Next, we applied the C4-tip method to urinary proteomics, identifying a total of 813 protein groups using LC–MS/MS, with identified proteins from the C4-tip method displaying a similar distribution of gene ontology (GO) cellular component assignments compared to identified pr...
Is There Vascular Parkinsonism

The diagnosis of vascular parkinsonism has classically rested on progressive motor impairment combined with abnormal white matter signal on brain neuroimaging presumed to suggest small vessel disease. This diagnostic entity, however, has come under scrutiny: the motor features often do not represent true parkinsonism but, rather, cognitive (e.g., highest-level gait disorder) or motor abnormalities (e.g., apathetic depression from bilateral striatal lacunar strokes), and the imaging abnormalities may correspond to leukoencephalopathic disorders of varying nature (e.g., dysmyelinating, neurodegenerative, or toxic/metabolic). A reappraisal of the literature indeed suggests a poor correlation among brain magnetic resonance imaging hyperintensities, microangiopathic brain disease on pathology, and clinical parkinsonism. With the exception of parkinsonism arising after a stroke in the cerebral peduncle, affecting the nigrostriatal system, “strategic” strokes in the striatum or other motor-relevant regions rarely lead to true parkinsonism. The clinician needs to consider vascular pseudoparkinsonism (e.g., akinetic mutism due to bilateral mesial frontal strokes or apathetic depression from bilateral striatal lacunar strokes) and pseudovascular pseudoparkinsonism (e.g., highest-level gait disorders, including normal pressure hydrocephalus with transependymal exudate) as alternative entities when considering the diagnostic possibility of “vascular parkinsonism.” Thus, identification and management of vascular risk factors (e.g., hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hyperhomocysteinemia) has proven futile for disability reduction, and levodopa stands to benefit only those with strokes of the perforating paramedian branches of the posterior cerebral artery, affecting the nigrostriatal system, perhaps the only undisputable form of vascular parkinsonism.
Cascaded Observers for the Rotor Position, Speed and Load Torque of the PMSM using an Extended Dynamic Model

The paper presents a method for the estimation of the EMFs, speed, rotor position and load torque of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) which are typically needed in sensorless control. The estimation approach uses an extended dynamic model of the motor and is done with cascaded observers; one of them employs an adaptive law. A first observer estimates the EMFs of the motor –they are fed in the tan–1 function to compute the angle of rotor position. The EMFs and the rotor position are fed into a second observer - this estimates the speed of the PMSM as well as the load torque. The load torque is obtained based on an adaptive law. In the paper, the mathematics of the observers and subsequent simulations are shown.
Estimating the Effects of the Totalization Agreements

This paper quantifies the effects of the totalization agreements that coordinate the United States Social Security program with the comparable programs of other countries. For each treated country that has signed an agreement with the U.S., we construct a synthetic control country by properly weighting other countries that have not signed a totalization agreement with the U.S. to make sure that the resulting synthetic control mimics the behavior of the treated country before the totalization agreement entered into force. Using the synthetic country to approximate what would happen to the treated country after the agreement, we find, on average, that totalization agreements reduce U.S. exports significantly and increase U.S. imports and U.S. foreign direct investment in the fifth year after the agreement. Moreover, we find the effects are quite heterogeneous across countries/agreements, with some agreements increasing U.S. exports and others decreasing U.S. imports, both of which are the opposite of the average effects. In future work, we will investigate why the effects vary across countries by relating the estimates in this paper to the bilateral trade patterns between the U.S. and the treated countries, as well as the number and composition of beneficiaries of the totalization agreements.
Deep phenotyping during pregnancy for predictive and preventive medicine

Deep phenotyping during pregnancy offers an opportunity to define the antecedents of lifelong health and wellness, and to improve pregnancy outcomes.
Abstract A07: Transcriptional profiling confirms appendiceal adenocarcinoma is distinct from colorectal cancer, in vivo models needed

Background: Despite mounting data revealing that appendiceal neoplasms are quite distinct from colorectal cancers (CRC), these rare tumors are most often treated with chemotherapy designed for CRC. The rarity of appendiceal neoplasms has made it difficult to conduct prospective or randomized clinical trials to guide therapy for these tumors; this issue is confounded by the fact that much heterogeneity exists between multiple histopathologic subtypes, including noninvasive mucinous neoplasms, mucinous and nonmucinous adenocarcinomas, carcinoids, goblet cell carcinoids, and signet ring cell carcinomas, as well as between high- and low-grade tumors. Recent large-scale genomic profiling efforts have identified frequent activating mutations in GNAS, a G-protein-coupled receptor (52% of mucinous adenocarcinomas, 72% of pseudomyxoma peritoneii (PMP), with a strong enrichment in low-grade tumors (χ2 p Methods: After prospectively obtaining informed consent, tumors from surgical resection of 13 patients with appendiceal adenocarcinoma were molecularly profiled with RNAseq and full-exome DNAseq. The histology and grade of these tumor was confirmed by expert pathology review and consisted of a mix of well (n = 4), moderate (n = 4), and poorly (n = 5) differentiated tumors. For the generation of in vivo models, fresh tumors were harvested and 0.5 cm3 tumor blocks were mixed with Matrigel and planted directly into the peritoneal cavity of nude mice by means of a 1-cm transverse abdominal incision performed under aseptic conditions. Results: Unsupervised clustering of the transcriptomic profiles of the 13 appendiceal tumors revealed that tumors of similar grade clustered together. This was as expected given that histologic grade has been shown to be the most critical prognostic feature for appendiceal adenocarcinomas. When clustered with colorectal tumors from TCGA, the appendiceal tumors demonstrated much greater similarity to each other than the colorectal tumors, consistent with previous reports of significant differences in the somatic mutation profiles of appendiceal and colorectal tumors. Conclusions: Appendiceal adenocarcinoma is a distinct disease from colorectal adenocarcinoma. High- and low-grade appendiceal tumors display marked differences in genomic and transcriptomic profiles; the creation of additional preclinical models of each will be critical for the development of appendix cancer-specific therapy. Citation Format: John Paul Shen, Saikat Chowdhury, Ji Wu, Keith Fournier, Scott Kopetz, Kanwal Raghav. Transcriptional profiling confirms appendiceal adenocarcinoma is distinct from colorectal cancer, in vivo models needed [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Evolving Landscape of Cancer Modeling; 2020 Mar 2-5; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A07.
Evaluation of peptoid mimics of short, lipophilic peptide antimicrobials

Abstract Introduction Antimicrobial peptides are proving to be promising lead compounds for therapeutics. The major disadvantage of antimicrobial peptides is their proteolytic instability in the body, with half-lives averaging less than an hour. Peptoids, or N-substituted glycines, have emerged as a promising field of peptidomimetics by retaining the beneficial properties of antimicrobial peptides while improving their stability. Methods This study evaluated peptoid derivatives of ultra-short lipophilic antimicrobial peptides, comparing their potency side-by-side with the most prevalent multidrug-resistant bacteria (ESKAPE) and yeast pathogens (Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans). Results Both peptide and peptoid counterparts were most effective against Gram-positive bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values as low as 1.6 and 6.3 µg/mL, respectively. In general, peptides retained better antimicrobial activity than their peptoid counterparts; however, certain peptoids proved to be more effective than peptides against Gram-negative bacteria. For example, peptoid MG10 displayed an MIC of 6.3 µg/mL against Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared with the peptide counterpart with an MIC of 100 µg/mL. All tested compounds were more potent against Cryptococcus neoformans compared with Candida albicans. Cytotoxicity analysis indicated that peptoids were generally slightly less toxic than their peptide counterparts. Additionally, trypsin rapidly degraded one of the evaluated peptides, while having no effect on comparable peptoids, demonstrating the proteolytic stability of peptoids. Conclusion These results indicate that direct conversion of lipopeptides to lipopeptoids can result in compounds with comparable antimicrobial activity, favorable mammalian cell toxicity, and excellent proteolytic stability.
A technical review of canonical correlation analysis for neuroscience applications.

Collecting comprehensive data sets of the same subject has become a standard in neuroscience research and uncovering multivariate relationships among collected data sets have gained significant attentions in recent years. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is one of the powerful multivariate tools to jointly investigate relationships among multiple data sets, which can uncover disease or environmental effects in various modalities simultaneously and characterize changes during development, aging, and disease progressions comprehensively. In the past 10 years, despite an increasing number of studies have utilized CCA in multivariate analysis, simple conventional CCA dominates these applications. Multiple CCA-variant techniques have been proposed to improve the model performance; however, the complicated multivariate formulations and not well-known capabilities have delayed their wide applications. Therefore, in this study, a comprehensive review of CCA and its variant techniques is provided. Detailed technical formulation with analytical and numerical solutions, current applications in neuroscience research, and advantages and limitations of each CCA-related technique are discussed. Finally, a general guideline in how to select the most appropriate CCA-related technique based on the properties of available data sets and particularly targeted neuroscience questions is provided.
Generating multifunctional acoustic tweezers in Petri dishes for contactless, precise manipulation of bioparticles

Acoustic tweezers are a promising technology for the biocompatible, precise manipulation of delicate bioparticles ranging from nanometer-sized exosomes to millimeter-sized zebrafish larva. However, their widespread usage is hindered by their low compatibility with the workflows in biological laboratories. Here, we present multifunctional acoustic tweezers that can manipulate bioparticles in a disposable Petri dish. Various functionalities including cell patterning, tissue engineering, concentrating particles, translating cells, stimulating cells, and cell lysis are demonstrated. Moreover, leaky surface acoustic wave–based holography is achieved by encoding required phases in electrode profiles of interdigitated transducers. This overcomes the frequency and resolution limits of previous holographic techniques to control three-dimensional acoustic beams in microscale. This study presents a favorable technique for noncontact and label-free manipulation of bioparticles in commonly used Petri dishes. It can be readily adopted by the biological and medical communities for cell studies, tissue generation, and regenerative medicine.
Hypotensive Response on Cardiopulmonary Stress Test Predicts Elevated Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure and Reduced Cardiac Output in Patients Undergoing Evaluation for Left Ventricular Assist Device

Purpose Cardiopulmonary stress test (CPX) and right heart catheterization (RHC) are integral part of the routine evaluation for ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy. A hypotensive response, or failure to augment systolic blood pressure at peak stress above resting values might be a marker of high-risk physiology. We sought to evaluate the association between hypotensive response on CPX and invasive hemodynamics in patients undergoing LVAD evaluation. Methods This was a retrospective single center study of consecutive adult patients who underwent LVAD surgery at our center between 1/2011 and 1/2019. Only patients with both CPX and RHC performed within 12 months of implantation were included. Hypotensive response was defined as a peak exercise systolic blood pressure lower than the resting systolic blood pressure. Central venous pressure (CVP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and cardiac index determined using the thermodilution method (CI) were collected from RHC data. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between CPX data and hemodynamics. Results A total of 313 patients were included in the study and 115 met inclusion criteria. The mean age was 60.1 years, 66% were designated bridge to transplant (BTT) and the majority (85%) were classified as INTERMACS 3-5. Forty seven percent (54/115) developed a hypotensive response during testing. The group had a mean PCWP of 23.7 mmHg and a mean CI of 1.7 L/min/m2. In contrast, patients with normal blood pressure response had a significantly lower PCWP (19.8 mmHg; P=0.011) and significantly higher CI (2.0 L/min/m2; p=0.030). There was no difference in CVP values between the groups. Mean exercise duration was 6 minutes and 1 seconds in the hypotensive group, and 7 minutes 8 seconds in the group with normal blood pressure response. Conclusion A hypotensive response on CPX performed prior to LVAD implantation is associated with more severely abnormal hemodynamics. Identification of this high risk feature earlier has the potential to improve outcomes by preventing late LVAD implantation.