cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Data management and transfer in high-performance computational grid environments

Abstract An emerging class of data-intensive applications involve the geographically dispersed extraction of complex scientific information from very large collections of measured or computed data. Such applications arise, for example, in experimental physics, where the data in question is generated by accelerators, and in simulation science, where the data is generated by supercomputers. So-called Data Grids provide essential infrastructure for such applications, much as the Internet provides essential services for applications such as e-mail and the Web. We describe here two services that we believe are fundamental to any Data Grid: reliable, high-speed transport and replica management. Our high-speed transport service, GridFTP, extends the popular FTP protocol with new features required for Data Grid applications, such as striping and partial file access. Our replica management service integrates a replica catalog with GridFTP transfers to provide for the creation, registration, location, and management of dataset replicas. We present the design of both services and also preliminary performance results. Our implementations exploit security and other services provided by the Globus Toolkit.
Type 2 intramolecular nitroso Diels-Alder reaction. Synthesis and structure of bridgehead oxazinolactams.

The type 2 intramolecular Diels−Alder cycloaddition utilizing N-acylnitroso dienophiles provides an efficient entry into bridged oxazinolactams. In contrast to the bimolecular counterpart, the reaction is completely regioselective. Structural characterization of the cycloadducts allows for evaluation of the olefin distortion and the degree of pyramidalization of the bridgehead oxazinolactam.
Improved numerical dissipation for time integration algorithms in conduction heat transfer

Abstract The Hilber-Hughes-Taylor (HHT) α-method is applied to the direct integration of the equations of conduction heat transfer. The method is shown to possess improved algorithmic dissipation, relative to the general trapezoidal methods, while retaining second order accuracy. The α-method is compared with members of the generalized trapezoidal family of methods.
Half-life of /sup 242/Pu from precise low-temperature heat capacity measurements

Heat capacity measurements on three pure compounds, PuF/sub 3/, PuF/sub 4/, and PuO/sub 2/, made from 99.91 at.% /sup 242/Pu, have been used to evaluate the power produced by radioactive decay. The mean specific power was found to be (0.12099 +- 0.00024) mW per gram of plutonium in the samples. The contribution of nuclides other than /sup 242/Pu to the power was calculated to be (5.15 +- 0.11) ..mu..W per gram of plutonium, and so the specific power of pure /sup 242/Pu is (0.115 94 +- 0.000 26) mW g/sup -1/. A correction for the (5.50 x 10/sup -4/) % spontaneous fission branching reduces the specific power due to ..cap alpha.. decay to (0.11591 +- 0.00026) mW g/sup -1/. Combining this value of the specific power with the total disintegration energy of (4.9823 +- 0.0012) MeV, we obtain (3.763 +- 0.009) x 10/sup 5/ years as the ..cap alpha.. half-life of pure /sup 242/Pu. (AIP)
Isolation of two new serotypes of porcine rotavirus from pigs with diarrhea

Two group A rotaviruses (ISU-64 and ISU-65) with subgroup I antigen were isolated from pigs with diarrhea and were shown by two-way neutralization tests to be two new serotypes of porcine rotavirus.
Regulation of terminal differentiation of cultured human keratinocytes by vitamin A

Vitamin A is known to exert an important influence on epithelial differentiation. The fetal calf serum supplement of cell-culture medium contains enough of the vitamin to affect the differentiation of cultured keratinocytes derived from epidermis and from other stratified squamous epithelia. The cellular and molecular properties of the cultures are altered when the medium is supplemented with serum from which the vitamin A has been removed by solvent extraction (delipidized serum). Cell motility is reduced, the adhesiveness of cells increases and pattern formation is prevented. In both epidermal and conjunctival keratinocytes, removal of vitamin A leads to the synthesis of a 67 kd keratin characteristic of terminally differentiating epidermis and to much reduced synthesis of the 52 kd and 40 kd keratins typical of conjunctiva. These changes, both cellular and molecular, are reversed by the addition of retinyl acetate to the medium containing delipidized serum. Cell motility and pattern formation are restored, and detachment of the most mature cells from the surface of the stratified epithelium is promoted. Synthesis of the 67 kd keratin is prevented and the synthesis of the 40 and 52 kd keratins is stimulated. The nature of the keratins synthesized is regulated by the concentration of vitamin A, and each cell type adjusts its synthesis differently at a given vitamin concentration.
Changes in UV‐B radiation screening effectiveness with leaf age in Rhododendron maximum

We examined how ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B ; 300 nm) screening effectiveness changes with leaf age in Rhododendron maximum growing in a shaded understory by measuring depth of penetration and epidermal transmittance with a fibre-optic microprobe. Depth of penetration (and epidermal transmittance) of UV-B decreased with leaf age in 1- to 4-year-old leaves, averaging 62 (32), 52 (22), 45 (16) and 48 μm (13ib), respectively. Epidermal thickness increased with age in 1- to 4-year-old leaves due to a thickening of the cuticle from an average of 20 to 29 μm. Ultraviolet-B-absorbing compound concentrations increased with age from 1.3 to 1.5 A 300 cm -2 leaf area. Concentrations of UV-B-absorbing compounds (area basis) were a strong predictor of depth of penetration (r 2 =0.82) and epidermal transmittance (r 2 =0.95) of UV-B in mature (1-4 year-old) foliage. Chlorophyll concentrations (area basis) increased in leaves up to 3 years of age. Current-year leaves (30 d old) were exceptional in that while they were particularly effective at screening UV-B (depth of penetration and epidermal transmittance averaged 39 μm and 5%, respectively) they had relatively low concentrations of UV-B-absorbing compounds (1.3 A 300 cm -2 ). Our findings show that UV-B-screening effectiveness is not necessarily related to absorbing compound concentrations on a whole-leaf basis, possibly due to anatomical changes within the epidermis that occur with leaf age.
Durkheim and the Social Anthropology of Culture

Beginning with Durkheim and surveying representative works in social anthropology that reflect the Durkheimian perspective, this paper traces the movement from a sociologistic to a culturalistic emphasis. A classical period of structuralist-functionalist initiated by Malinowski and RadcliffeBrown was followed by two developments: a dynamicist school, which elaborated the processual aspect of the social order in relation to culture, and a social structuralist school, which elaborated the structural aspect. From the second derived the cultural structuralist approach, which treats cultural structure rather independently of society; Claude Le'vi-Strauss and his Anglo-American counterparts represent this development. A concluding section considers possibilities for new paradigms that both synthesize and transcend previous trends.
On blowing trumpets to the tulips: To prove or not to prove the null hypothesis--Comment on Bösch, Steinkamp, and Boller (2006).

The H. Bosch, F. Steinkamp, and E. Boiler (2006) meta-analysis reaches mixed and cautious conclusions about the possibility of psychokinesis. The authors argue that, for both methodological and philosophical reasons, it is nearly impossible to draw any conclusions from this body of research. The authors do not agree that any significant effect at all, no matter how small, is fundamentally important (Bosch et al., 2006, p. 517), and they suggest that psychokinesis researchers focus either on producing larger effects or on specifying the conditions under which they would be willing to accept the null hypothesis.
On the Canonical Analysis of Contingency Tables.

A simplified mathematical and computational treatment of the canonical correlational analysis of two-way contingency tables is provided.
Exploding spheres of dust

In this paper, we extend the work of Oppenheimer & Snyder (1939) who treated the zero curvature case in the gravitational collapse of spheres of dust intended to represent collapsing stars. A solution is given which is valid for all space and is characterized by negative curvature of the space within a sphere of dust. This solution is obtained by matching the negative curvature interior solution (as well as, for completeness, zero and positive curvatures interior solutions) to an exterior Schwarzschild geometry. In this solution, corresponding to the case of a Newtonian system with positive total energy, the mass as seen by an observer at infinity is found to be positive definite. Also, in each case, the positive definite massm is related to the densityν and radiusr [defined as the square root of the (surface area/4π)] of the dust cloud viam=(4π/3)pr3. The methods employed here for matching interior and exterior solutions are applicable to the construction of cosmological models in which the sign of the curvature and/or expansion rate differ in two or more regions, e.g. a universe expanding in one region and contracting in another.
A stochastic model of soil erosion

The erosion model computes the rill and inter-rill flow over a surface with random roughness, and the erosion caused by this flow. The measured roughness of a surface is analysed and used to generate random surfaces for the simulation process. Computations are carried out over a number of time intervals; the steady state condition is assumed for each interval. Changes in the surface geometry due to erosion during an interval are used to revise the surface for the subsequent interval. The model includes simplified mechanisms to simulate ponding, deposition and failure of side slopes of rills.
1H N.M.R. STUDY OF THE CONFORMATION OF [Glu 4] OXYTOCIN AND ITS LANTHANIDE COMPLEXES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION

At 400 MHz the 1H chemical shifts, peptide NH-C alpha H coupling constants (JN alpha) and peptide hydrogen exchange rates of [Glu4] oxytocin in aqueous solution closely resemble those previously reported for oxytocin under comparable conditions, indicating that both the parent hormone and its analogue have similar conformations in this solvent. The hydrogen exchange data suggest a dynamic equilibrium between conformation(s) in which the peptide NH's of Asn5 and Cys6 are internally hydrogen bonded and conformation(s) in which these hydrogens are bonded to the solvent. [Glu4] oxytocin forms 1:1 complexes with lanthanide metal ions. The diamagnetic La3+ complex exhibits values of JN alpha very similar to those of the metal free hormone analogue, suggesting that coordination of the metal is accompanied by minimal perturbation of the peptide backbone. Specific average proton-metal distances estimated from Gd3+ induced paramagnetic relaxation effects indicate that the metal is probably coordinated to the Glu4 carboxyl group and the sidechain carbonyl of Asn5. Limiting shifts induced by binding of paramagnetic Yb3+ are also reported.
Optical coherence tomography of breast cancer: feasibility for surgical guidance

We present the use of OCT for breast cancer imaging. In situ rat mammary and excised human breast tumors were imaged. The feasibility of OCT for applications in surgical oncology of the breast is discussed.
Biology, Immature Development, and Adaptive Behavior of Stelis montana, a Cleptoparasite of Osmia (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

The biology of a cleptoparasitic anthidiine bee, Stelis montana Cresson, is described based on composite notes taken from field, laboratory, and greenhouse studies of three host species ( Osmia lignaria propinqua Cresson, O. californica Cresson, O. montana montana Cresson). Specific methods used by S. montana to deposit eggs in cells of each host species are associated with host biologies. Eclosion from the egg as a second instar, molting, the number of instars, and methods of destroying host or other Stelis immatures, or both, are described in detail. The function of anatomical features that also can be used to distinguish larval instars or Stelis species are also described. Larval weight loss is associated with cocoon construction, and the adaptive features of S. montana cocoons are illustrated. Complex host-parasite interactions are compared and their combined effect on rates of Stelis parasitism are documented.
Synthesis of lactose monolaurate as influenced by various lipases and solvents

Abstract Fatty acid sugar esters are non-ionic detergents with multiple uses in the cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries. Of the many different sugar esters synthesized, lactose, a by-product of cheese manufacture, has not been investigated. The objective of this research was to investigate the synthesis of novel lactose monolaurate (LML) and sucrose monolaurate (as a comparison) (SML) using four different immobilized lipases in three different solvents at constant sugar, vinyl laurate, temperature, and enzyme concentrations. Overall, the solvent 2-methyl-2-butanol gave the highest yields and reactions rates for the synthesis of both LML and SML. Of the immobilized lipases, those from Pseudomonas cepacia , Mucor miehei and Thermomyces lanuginosus were effective depending on the sugar/solvent combination. Higher overall yields were obtained for the synthesis of LML with the differences in yields presumably due to the decreased solubility of sucrose as compared to lactose in 3 of the solvents used. Response surface methodology was used to determine the optimal temperature, enzyme concentration and ratio of reactants for LML synthesis using the immobilized lipase from M. miehei in 2-methyl-2-butanol. Based on the analysis of ridge max, the optimal synthesis conditions were predicted to occur at 61 °C, with an enzyme amount of 32 mg/mL, and a molar ratio of lactose to vinyl laurate of 1:3.8; and the optimal actual yield was 99.3%.
795–3 Role of Secondary Vortex Formation in Mitral Valve Closure: Impact of Reflected Vortex Rings. A Quantitative In Vitro Study

Late-diastolic mitral leaflet pre-closure occurs in patients with both natural and prosthetic mitral valves. Controversy still exists whether a fall-off of inflow-ventricular flow gradient or whether intraventricular flow patterns govern this event. Recent studies have suggested a variety of possible mechanisms responsible for diastolic mitral valve closure. One theory suggests a proportionality between the dynamics of closure of a bileaflet mitral valve with the pressure field induced by a strong flow deceleration through the valve. Another proposes that the impact of a reversed flow, generated by the roll-up of the initial vortex ring, is responsible for valve closure. To evaluate the impact of vortex rings in trans-mitral left ventricular filling flows in a physiologically shaped, in-vitro model, we studied a precisely delivered pulsed flow through an orifice with the same dimensional characteristics as the mitral annulus, and with a fully opening bileaflet mechanical valve. We used laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) for qualitative flow imaging and applied digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) for quantitating velocity, vorticity and circulation measurements. A concave “cardiac apex” shape was located seven orifice diameters downstream to simulate the flow confinement of the ventricular apex. L1F flow imaging for flow through the orifice depicted, first, formation of a primary vortex structure on each side of the inlet immediately downstream of the orifice. The images then revealed formation of a secondary vortex occurring during and after the impact of the initial rings on the apex. The secondary vortices rotated in the opposite direction from the initial rings and DPIV showed that they included 37% of the initial vortex ring's circulation energy. It was clear from our study that it was these secondary structures that propagated back toward the valve. It would appear that formation of the reflected vortex rings makes a major contribution to end-diastolic mitral valve closure before the systolic pressure completes valve closure.
How nested and monogamous infection networks in host-phage communities come to be

We show that a chemostat community of bacteria and bacteriophage in which bacteria compete for a single nutrient and for which the bipartite infection network is perfectly nested is permanent, a.k.a. uniformly persistent, provided that bacteria that are superior competitors for nutrient devote the least effort to defence against infection and the virus that are the most efficient at infecting host have the smallest host range. This confirms an earlier work of Jover et al. (J. Theor. Biol. 332:65–77, 2013) who raised the issue of whether nested infection networks are permanent. In addition, we provide sufficient conditions that a bacteria-phage community of arbitrary size with nested infection network can arise through a succession of permanent subcommunties each with a nested infection network by the successive addition of one new population. The same permanence results hold for the monogamous infection network considered by Thingstad (Limnol Oceanogr 45:1320–1328, 2000) but without the trade-offs.
Geometry Parameterization Method for Multidisciplinary Applications

A technique is described for parameterizing geometries in a manner suitable for numerical simulations used in design optimization. The new methodology, referred to as "control grids," is flexible, easy to use, extendable, and applicable to multidisciplinary design optimization. Although significantly different than free-form deformation, the present method provides many similar capabilities. Comparisons between the current technique and free-form deformation are provided to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The new parameterization technology is described and demonstrated in both two and three dimensions for single and multidisciplinary applications.
Cumulative reduction of primary skin tumor growth in UV-irradiated mice by the combination of retinyl palmitate and canthaxanthin.

The effects of dietary supplementation with retinyl palmitate, canthaxanthin, or the combination of both, on photocarcinogenesis was determined in pigmented C3HHeN mice. The basal diet was the American Institute of Nutrition Diet 76A, to which was added 120 IU of retinyl palmitate per g diet, 1 % canthaxanthin, or the combination of both. Administration of the diets began 18 weeks before the first UVB radiation (280–320 nm) treatment and continued throughout the study. The UV source was a bank of 6 Westinghouse FS40 lamps which delivered to the mice a total dose of 9.9 × 105 J/m2, delivered over 24 weeks. These diets significantly reduced the tumor burden per mouse induced by UV irradiation, however they did not influence tumor incidence. The combination of retinyl palmitate plus canthaxanthin was more effective than either agent alone at reducing autochthonous tumor growth, a result which has not been previously reported.
The Cage: efficient construction in 3D using a cubic adaptive grid

The Cage is an easy to use 3D grid. Built into a 3D modeler, it provides a visualized reference coordinate system that helps the user to orient himself in 3D space, and that supports efficient alignment and snapping methods. It can be adapted with a single mouse click to any new viewing situation and reference system. The Cage was implemented in C++ under Open Inventor on Silicon Graphics workstations. It was tested as a part of a 3D authoring tool for virtual TV studios.
A group theoretic characterization of finite derivable nets

In this article, it is shown that a finite net of orderq 2 and degreeq + 1 is a derivable net if and only if the net admits a collineation group isomorphic toPSL(4,q)N (whereN is a line of the associated 3-dimensional projective space upon which the abstract group acts).
Digital computer controls inc

The new models of our field proven D-116 minicomputer series are powerful, versatile, and the most cost-effective machines available today.
The role of the user's domain knowledge in generation

A question-answering program that provides access to a large amount of data will be most useful if it can tailor its answers to each individual user. In particular, a user's level of knowledge about the domain of discourse is an important factor in this tailoring if the answer provided is to be both informative and understandable to the user. In this research, we address the issue of how the user's domain knowledge, or the level of expertise, might affect an answer. We present TAILOR, a flexible computer system that takes into account this knowledge to provide an answer that is appropriate for users with varying levels of expertise (including novices and experts), without requiring an a priori set of user types. Un programme qui donne acces a un systeme de connaissances a de nombreux et divers utilisateurs serait plus utile s'il pouvait adapter ses reponses pour chaque utilisateur. En particulier, le savoir de l'utilisateur est un facteur important pour que la reponse soit comprehensible et informative. Dans cet article, nous etudions le role de la connaissance de l'utilisateur pour former un texte qui soit approprie pour la personne qui le lira. Nous presentons TAILOR, un systeme de generation flexible qui est sensitif au niveau de connaissance de l'utilisateur. TAILOR peut generer des textes appropries pour des utilisateurs aux niveaux de connaissances tres varies, sans avoir besoin ?un groupe de stereotypes definis a priori.
La apropiación de María Félix del icónico personaje en Doña Bárbara de Rómulo Gallegos

Abstract This article examines a performance of the Mexican actress and cultural icon Maria Felix from the American perspective of a “glamorous superstar,” a concept associated with Hollywood's mega–film studios. I trace Felix's unique way of appropriating the character of Dona Barbara, the protagonist of the novel of the same name by the Venezuelan Romulo Gallegos. I emphasize Felix's earliest characterizations of the “strong woman,” a title that she craftily lived in her complex and very public life. Finally, I explore Gallegos's strong interest in incorporating his iconic character into the “Golden Age” of Mexican film culture and, most importantly, the reasons for which he surprisingly detached himself from the film.
Elder care in Korea: The future is now

Modernization has greatly affected the lives of individuals and families in many ways in Korea. Women, the primary caregivers of the elderly, are increasingly entering the workforce, and families are becoming more mobile and segmented. With the decline in fertility and mortality rates, population aging has generated significant demands for long-term care. This paper examines the characteristics and implications of aging in Korea, focusing on the influence of cultural heritage on caregiving and the development of formal services for the older population. This paper argues that there should be a balance between social policy established by the Korean government and family care for the elderly.
Late Paleozoic contractional and extensional deformation at Edna Mountain, Nevada

New mapping, structural analysis, and biostratigraphy of the late Paleozoic "Antler overlap sequence" at Edna Mountain, Nevada, document several distinct deformational events between the Devonian–Mississippian Antler orogeny and the Permo-Triassic Sonoma orogeny. Twofold sets (F 1 , mid-Pennsylvanian, and F 3 , mid-Permian) and the Iron Point fault are late Paleozoic. These record both shortening and extension in late Paleozoic time, and provide further evidence that western North America was not relatively quiescent between the Antler and Sonoma orogenies. These structures are overprinted by folding thought to be associated with emplacement of the Golconda allochthon (F 4 ), indicating that the rocks at Edna Mountain were in approximately their present location and orientation by that time. Unconformities within the "Antler overlap" section record periods of uplift and erosion related to late Paleozoic tectonism. They are recognized based on angular truncations of the underlying units, basal conglomerates containing fragments of the underlying units, and local erosional features including channels and karst. Biostratigraphic age control makes it possible to bracket the ages of the unconformities, and to correlate some of them with known regional unconformities. The detailed deformation record at Edna Mountain demonstrates the strength of combined biostratigraphic, stratigraphic, and structural analysis of the "Antler overlap assemblage" for deciphering previously unrecognized late Paleozoic deformation. The Iron Point fault is a mid-Pennsylvanian, down-to-the-east, low-angle normal fault. Previously mapped as the Iron Point "thrust" (Erickson and Marsh, 1974a, 1974b, 1974c), this fault places younger rocks over older, truncates folds in both hanging wall and footwall, and cuts downsection to the east in the hanging wall. Reconstruction of the original fault orientation by removing younger deformation events results in a gently east- or northeast-dipping surface. Motion along the Iron Point fault may have been a response to crustal thickening during the development of west-southwest–verging F 1 folds, the most penetrative deformation at Edna Mountain. To our knowledge, the Iron Point fault is kinematically unique for this region and time period. Its presence suggests that the rocks at Edna Mountain were near the locus of mid-Pennsylvanian deformation and that this deformation was probably related to events at the western boundary of the continent.
Pressure effects on the thermoluminescence of quartz

We have observed the shift in the temperatures of the glow peaks of gamma and x-ray irradiated quartz as a function of pressure. Our results indicate an electron trap that is getting shallower with increasing pressure.
Uncertainty Analysis In Time-lapse Seismic Modeling

The ultimate goal of time-lapse seismic monitoring is to measure changes in reservoir fluid contents or pressure during hydrocarbon production. However, successful 4-D imaging strongly depends on the properties of reservoir rocks and fluids. These properties are only available from well logs or core measurements which are sparsely distributed in space and contain significant uncertainties because of the heterogeneity of the earth. As a first step in quantifying the effect of such uncertainties on the analysis of seismic data, we examined stochastic models of several reservoir properties using numerical simulation of both fluid flow and seismic wave propagation. We first considered the influence of permeability by performing streamline simulations of fluid flow for 27 realizations of permeability models that were all derived from a single reference porosity model. The maximum change of seismic amplitude for these permeability models is 5 %. The maximum standard deviation of the amplitude change is 65 %. We also computed the time-lapse amplitude for 27 realizations of a dry bulk modulus model of the reservoir, one of the quantities required for fluid substitution using the Gassmann equation. The seismic modeling applied the average fluid saturation and pressure data from the results of the permeability models. The range of amplitude change was approximately the same as the obtained from the various permeability models. However, the maximum standard deviation of the amplitude changes from the 27 dry bulk modulus models is 27 %, which is smaller than that obtained from the permeability models. Therefore, the uncertainty in seismic modeling results is less for the dry bulk modulus than for permeability. This in turn suggests that differences in time-lapse seismic response for regions with rock properties similar to those in our models can be utilized to infer variations in permeability in the interwell space.
Observations on the use of phenol for the isolation of deoxyribonucleic acid

Abstract A simple, rapid method for the isolation of DNA from mammalian cells and from pneumococci is described. It involves repeated extraction of the cells, suspended in buffered 1 M NaCl, with water-saturated phenol. The product obtained is remarkably free of contamination by polypeptides, polysaccharides and RNA. The sedimentation characteristics of DNA isolated by this procedure have been investigated in the analytical ultracentrifuge, and the possible significance of the results is discussed.
Depressive rumination alters cortisol decline in Major Depressive Disorder.

Depressive rumination – a central characteristic of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) – is a maladaptive emotion regulation strategy that prolongs sad mood and depressive episodes. Considerable research demonstrates the emotional and behavioral consequences of depressive rumination, yet few studies investigate its effect on neuroendocrine functioning. The current study examined the effect of an emotion regulation manipulation on the trajectory of cortisol concentrations among individuals with MDD and healthy controls (CTL). Sadness was induced via forced failure. Participants then were randomly assigned to a depressive rumination or distraction emotion regulation induction. MDDs in the rumination condition exhibited less cortisol decline compared to MDDs in the distraction condition and compared to CTLs in either condition. Findings suggest that depressive rumination alters the trajectory of cortisol secretion in MDD and may prolong cortisol production. Results thereby provide important insights into the interaction of biological and psychological factors through which distress contributes to MDD.
Pectin‐Protein Interaction in Tomato Products

The pH influenced the viscosity of a model system of tomato product which consisted of citrus pectin and bovine serum albumin. The viscosity change was completely reversible depending on the pH. The same pH effect was observed in tomato products. Since the amino acid compositions of proteins suggest that the electrostatic property of water-soluble protein fraction from tomato juice can be similar to that of bovine serum albumin, the comparison of pH effects indicates that pectin-protein interaction may be involved in consistency of tomato products. Denaturation of protein may result in a decrease in the serum viscosity during processing.
Molar atomization enthalpies and molar enthalpies of formation of GeSi, GeSi2, Ge2Si, and Ge2Si2by Knudsen-effusion mass spectrometry

Abstract The partial pressures of Ge(g), Si(g), Si2(g), Ge2(g), GeSi(g), GeSi2(g), Ge2Si(g), and Ge2Si2(g) were measured over a (germanium + silicon + silicon nitride + silver) condensed-phase mixture in the temperature range 1583 K to 1869 K by Knudsen-effusion mass spectrometry. The thermal functions for the GexSiygaseous species were calculated, and the atomization equilibria: GexSiy(g) =xGe(g) +ySi(g), were evaluated. The values of ΔatomHm°(T→ 0)/(kJ·mol−1), where ΔatomHm° denotes the standard molar atomization enthalpy, are (292.7 ± 8.6) for GeSi(g), (700.4 ± 16.8) for GeSi2(g), (665.3 ± 16.7) for Ge2Si(g), and (1109.9 ± 24.6) for Ge2Si2(g). These values, in combination with the standard molar enthalpies of formation ΔfHm° of Ge(g) and Si(g), yielded the values ΔfHm°(T→ 0)/(kJ·mol−1): (530.3 ± 9.8) for GeSi(g), (573.9 ± 18.9) for GeSi2(g), (529.4 ± 17.7) for Ge2Si(g), and (536.1 ± 26.3) for Ge2Si2(g).
Strong stationary duality for continuous-time Markov chains. Part I: Theory

LetX(t), 0≤t<∞, be an ergodic continuous-time Markov chain with finite or countably infinite state space. We construct astrong stationary dual chainX* whose first hitting times yield bounds on the convergence to stationarity forX. The development follows closely the discrete-time theory of Diaconis and Fill.(2,3) However, for applicability it is important that we formulate our results in terms of infinitesimal rates, and this raises new issues.
Clinical and radiographic outcomes after minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion

Objective To evaluate outcomes after minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MI-TLIF).
Bonhoeffer and Arendt at One Hundred

This article compares Arendt and Bonhoeffer on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of their births. The paper presents an unusual depiction of Arendt's work, namely, its religious dimension and interests. The thought of the two intersects in three general areas. First, both embrace a fundamental worldliness that affirms the worth of life in the world and the faith that responds to it. Secondly, both recognize history as a territory of sin and evil and both claim the importance of acknowledging such sin and evil in a life of worldly action. Indeed, such recognition may be the key to successful political activism today. Thirdly, both thinkers develop precise, personal understandings of Jesus as a worldly presence. Indeed, an effective political struggle, especially in a society like the United States, may be unable to avoid delineating an image of and attitude to Jesus.
Quantum grid infrared photodetector arrays for use as a multichannel long wavelength spectrometer

We report on the fabrication of quantum grid infrared photodetector (QGIP) arrays and demonstrate their feasibility for use as multi-channel long wavelength infrared spectrometers. The quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) material structure was designed to exhibit broadband absorption in the wavelength range of 7 μm to 16 μm. By fabricating QGIP devices with this QWIP material, scattering of light at an individual wavelength of interest within the material absorption range can create narrow band detection in each device. Arrays of QGIP devices with varying geometry, each tailored to respond to a discrete wavelength were fabricated. Details of the epi-growth, processing steps taken to fabricate required device features for narrow band absorption of the QGIP devices, and characterization methods will be discussed.
Negotiated Compensation for Solid‐Waste Disposal Facility Siting: An Analysis of the Wisconsin Experience

Since enacting a unique facility siting law in 1981, Wisconsin has had unusual success in siting solid-waste management facilities. The law mandates a state-level technical review and licensing process and a local-level negotiation/arbitration process that deals with host community impacts and concerns. Data from the negotiated compensation agreements, a survey of facility proposers, and secondary data for the host communities are analyzed in relation to compensation levels. Concerns with community image and health risks and with facility management and equity issues are found to significantly and substantially increase negotiated compensation levels. In contrast, a focus on logistics and transportation concerns is associated with lower levels of compensation. Compensation increases with facility capacity but at a less than proportional rate. Higher levels of compensation are obtained by communities that accept compensation in kind in the form of free or reduced fees for host community waste disposal.
Synthesis of highly ordered mesoporous silica materials using sodium silicate and amphiphilic block copolymers

A commercially important synthetic approach to highly ordered mesoporous silica materials (SBA-family) with 2-D hexagonal (P6mm), 3-D hexagonal (P63/mmc) and cubic (Im3m and Pm3m) structures, using sodium silicate as the silica source and amphiphilic block copolymers as the structure-directing agents is demonstrated.
High loading rate during spinal manipulation produces unique facet joint capsule strain patterns compared with axial rotations

Purpose Lumbar spinal manipulation (SM) is a popular, effective treatment for low back pain but the physiological mechanisms remain elusive. During SM, mechanoreceptors innervating the facet joint capsule (FJC) may receive a novel stimulus, contributing to the neurophysiological benefits of SM. The biomechanics of SM and physiological axial rotations were compared to determine whether speed or loading site affected FJC strain magnitudes or patterns. Methods Human lumbar spine specimens were tested during physiological rotations and simulated SM while measuring applied torque, vertebral motion, and FJC strain. During physiological rotations, specimens were actuated at T12 to 20° left and right axial rotation at 2° to 125° per second. During SM simulations, a 7-mm impulse displacement was applied to L3, L4, or L5 at 5 to 50 mm per second. Results Physiological rotations. Increasing displacement rate resulted in significantly larger torque magnitudes (P .05). Physiological rotations vs SM. Applied torque and vertebral rotation magnitudes were similar across speed and vertebral level. Total vertebral translations were slightly larger during physiological rotations vs SM at a given loading rate (P .15). Conclusions The similar patterns observed in vertebral motion and FJC strain across actuation sites during SM and physiological rotations suggest that site specificity of SM may have minimal clinical relevance. High loading rates during lumbar SM resulted in unique patterns in FJC strain, which may result in unique patterns of FJC mechanoreceptor response.
Sexual dimorphism in the Harderian gland proteins of the golden hamster

SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of male and female hamster Harderian gland homogenates has shown a clear-cut sexual dimorphism. At least three major proteins present in the male gland are missing from the female gland. Two of the above are associated with the tubular clusters of the male gland while the third seems to be a structural component.
Gastric erosions induced by intracisternal thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in rats.

Abstract Intracisternal injection of TRH (1 μg) under light ether anesthesia induced within 4 hr gastric lesions in 24-hr fasted rats maintained unrestrained at room temperature. Saline, ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (oCRF, 10 μg), or human pancreatic growth hormone-releasing factor [hpGRF(1–40), 10 μg] tested under the same conditions did not modify the integrity of the gastric mucosa. TRH injected intravenously (100 μg/kg) proved to be ineffective. The production of gastric erosions elicited by intracisternal TRH (0.1–1 μg) or by a stabilized TRH analog, RX 77368 [pGlu-His-(3,3′-dimethyl)-ProNH2, (0.01–0.1 μg)] was dose-dependent. RX 77368 shows an enhanced potency over TRH. TRH action on gastric mucosa was reversed by atropine, omeprazole and cimetidine. These results demonstrate that TRH, unlike the other hypothalamic releasing factors CRF or GRF, is able to act within the brain to cause the formation of gastric erosions probably through mechanisms involving changes in gastric acid secretion. Intracisternal injection of TRH or its potent analog RX 77368 appears also as a new, simple method to produce centrally mediated experimental gastric erosions in 24 hr-fasted rats.
Evaluation of Wet Corn Gluten Feed, Oatlage, Sorghum-Soybean Silage, and Alfalfa Haylage for Dairy Heifers

Abstract Feeding value of wet corn gluten feed for dairy heifers was determined alone and in comparison with alfalfa haylage, oatlage, and sorghum-soybean silage. Wet corn gluten feed was ensiled in a plastic silo bag and exhibited excellent preservation and keeping quality as determined by pH, temperature, and organic acid concentration of subsurface samples taken at daily intervals during the first 10 days post ensiling and throughout experimental periods. Concentrations of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, and cellulose were lower for wet corn gluten feed, but hemicellulose and crude protein concentrations were higher than in the other feedstuffs. Heifers fed wet corn gluten feed for ad libitum intake consumed dry matter at 2.4% body weight. Apparent digestibility of the dry matter in wet corn gluten feed (76.6%) was greater than that for alfalfa haylage (60.7%). Heifers consuming wet corn gluten feed exhibited higher digestibilities for neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, hemicellulose, and crude protein than consuming other feeds. Molar percentage of ruminal acetate was lower, but molar percentage of propionate was higher in heifers fed wet corn gluten feed compared to the other feeds. During an 83-day performance trial, body weight gain and body growth measurements were distinctly superior for dairy heifers fed the wet corn gluten feed in comparison with heifers fed alfalfa haylage, oatlage, or sorghum-soybean silage.
Virtual Anode in Ion Beam Emissions in Space: Numerical Simulations

The plasma interactions associated with the emission of an unneutralized ion beam in space are discussed. Three-dimensional particle simulations, which follow the beam ions as well as the ambient electrons and ions in the self-consistent electric e eld, are performed for various emission conditions. Classical theories and laboratory experiments for one-dimensional beam e ow in diodes have shown that a potential hump will form when the beam current density exceeds a critical value. When the potential hump becomes so high that the beam kinetic energy is near zero there, it becomes a virtual electrode. We show that similar characteristics are also exhibited in high-density ion beams emitted from spacecraft to space plasma, although three-dimensional effects and the ambient plasma make the interaction more complex. Once a virtual anode has formed, it will partly block the beam transmission and discharge the spacecraft potential.
Theoretical Investigation of the Evolution of the Topological Phase of Bi 2 Se 3 under Mechanical Strain

The topological insulating phase results from inversion of the band gap due to spin-orbit coupling at an odd number of time-reversal symmetric points. In Bi${}_{2}$Se${}_{3}$, this inversion occurs at the $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ point. For bulk Bi${}_{2}$Se${}_{3}$, we have analyzed the effect of arbitrary strain on the $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ point band gap using density functional theory. By computing the band structure both with and without spin-orbit interactions, we consider the effects of strain on the gap via Coulombic interaction and spin-orbit interaction separately. While compressive strain acts to decrease the Coulombic gap, it also increases the strength of the spin-orbit interaction, increasing the inverted gap. Comparison with Bi${}_{2}$Te${}_{3}$ supports the conclusion that effects on both Coulombic and spin-orbit interactions are critical to understanding the behavior of topological insulators under strain, and we propose that the topological insulating phase can be effectively manipulated by inducing strain through chemical substitution.
Time-to-event analyses of ecotoxicity data.

: Intensity and duration of exposure dictate the effect of a toxicant. Consequently, any assessment of ecological risk that does not include a sound understanding of both concentration and duration effects is compromised. This being the case, it is surprising that the predominant approach in ecotoxicology (concentration-effect modeling) inefficiently includes exposure duration. Ecological risk assessment can be enhanced with time-to-event models that can easily include concentration, exposure duration, and other important covariates. Time-to-event methods are described and linkage made to relevant ecological techniques, i.e. life table analyses and genetic selection models.
A MACROECONOMIC MODEL OF HOUSEHOLD ASSET CHOICE

s of Doctoral Dissertations 1181 price-level changes are found to have a significant positive effect on additions to the stock of life insurance, indicating that households may try to maintain some degree of real protection. The major aspect of corporate-stock holdings investigated in the dissertation concerns reallocative effects brought about by capital gains or losses. In several cases these effects prove substantial. Explaining net investment in corporate stock proved difficult, although rough results suggest that net investment is postively related to expected yields (including both capital gains and dividends) and to the expected price-level change. Several less-important assets and liabilities (federal securities, state and local obligations, security credit, etc.) are also examined, but less comprehensively. Since the markets for many of these items tend to be dominated (at least on the margin) by institutions outside the household sector, statistical results in this section are inferior to the results for other markets. In addition to carrying out a disaggregated study of the assets and liabilities mentioned above, the dissertation investigates aggregate savings behavior from several perspectives. The results stand in general agreement with the large number of other studies undertaken in this area. Since the dissertation presents a complete treatment of savings behavrior in the household sector, it is hoped that the analysis eventually can be integrated at least in part into one or another of the large macroeconomic models that incorporate detailed structural links between the real and financial sectors of the economy. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.57 on Sat, 10 Sep 2016 04:25:51 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Ca2+ Influx Induced by Protease-activated Receptor-1 Activates a Feed-forward Mechanism of TRPC1 Expression via Nuclear Factor-κB Activation in Endothelial Cells

Thrombin activation of protease-activated receptor-1 induces Ca(2+) influx through store-operated cation channel TRPC1 in endothelial cells. We examined the role of Ca(2+) influx induced by the depletion of Ca(2+) stores in signaling TRPC1 expression in endothelial cells. Both thrombin and a protease-activated receptor-1-specific agonist peptide induced TRPC1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, which was coupled to an augmented store-operated Ca(2+) influx and increase in endothelial permeability. To delineate the mechanisms of thrombin-induced TRPC1 expression, we transfected in endothelial cells TRPC1-promoter-luciferase (TRPC1-Pro-Luc) construct containing multiple nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) binding sites. Co-expression of dominant negative IkappaBalpha mutant prevented the thrombin-induced increase in TRPC1 expression, indicating the key role of NF-kappaB activation in mediating the response. Using TRPC1 promoter-deletion mutant constructs, we showed that NF-kappaB binding sites located between -1623 and -871 in the TRPC1 5'-regulatory region were required for thrombin-induced TRPC1 expression. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay utilizing TRPC1 promoter-specific oligonucleotides identified that the DNA binding activities of NF-kappaB to NF-kappaB consensus sites were located in this domain. Supershift assays using NF-kappaB protein-specific antibodies demonstrated the binding of p65 homodimer to the TRPC1 promoter. Inhibition of store Ca(2+) depletion, buffering of intracellular Ca(2+), or down-regulation of protein kinase Calpha downstream of Ca(2+) influx all blocked thrombin-induced NF-kappaB activation and the resultant TRPC1 expression in endothelial cells. Thus, Ca(2+) influx via TRPC1 is a critical feed-forward pathway responsible for TRPC1 expression. The NF-kappaB-regulated TRPC1 expression may be an essential mechanism of vascular inflammation and, hence, a novel therapeutic target.