cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preservation properties in deductive databases

This paper constitutes a brief study of the following scheme DAΓ of default reasoning: Given set of premises Σ, assume φ if and only if, for every γ ∈ Γ, Σ ∪ {φ} does not entail γ unless Σ does, where Γ and Σ are sets of clauses, and φ is a clause. The problem of ∀-completeness of DAΓ with respect to nest model semantics is investigated. A method of deriving ∀-completeness of DAΓ1∩Γ2 assuming DAΓ1 and DAΓ2 are known to be ∀-complete is presented. This method yields ∀-completeness of instances of DAΓ with respect to totally minimal semantics, discriminant minimal semantics, Herbrand semantics, and minimal Herbrand semantics. It is shown that the last of these completeness results is strictly stronger than analogous characterization using an extension of the generalized closed-world assumption GCWA.
Parallel linkage

We study the parallelization of the (record) linkage problem - i.e., to identify matching records between two collections of records, A and B. One of main idiosyncrasies of the linkage problem, compared to Database join, is the fact that once two records a in A and b in B are matched and merged to c, c needs to be compared to the rest of records in A and B again since it may incur new matching. This re-feeding stage of the linkage problem requires its solution to be iterative, and complicates the problem significantly. Toward this problem, we first discuss three plausible scenarios of inputs - when both collections are clean, only one is clean, and both are dirty. Then, we show that the intricate interplay between match and merge can exploit the characteristics of each scenario to achieve good parallelization. Our parallel algorithms achieve 6.55-7.49 times faster in speedup compared to sequential ones with 8 processors, and 11.15-18.56% improvement in efficiency compared to P-Swoosh.
Formulaic language performance in left- and right-hemisphere damaged patients: structured testing

ABSTRACTBackground: Formulaic expressions—conversational speech formulas, idioms, pause fillers, conventional phrases, proverbs, expletives, and so on—constitute on average about 25% proportionally of everyday communication. While some clinical and experimental studies have implicated a right hemisphere involvement, controversy remains surrounding cerebral processing with respect to comprehension and production of formulaic expressions.Aims: The purpose of this study was to further investigate hemispheric specialisation for production and comprehension of formulaic and matched literal expressions by examining performance of individuals with unilateral brain damage compared with matched healthy controls (HCs) utilising structured tasks involving repetition, elicited speech, and comprehension.Methods & Procedures: Individuals with unilateral brain damage (right hemisphere damage (RHD) or left hemisphere damage (LHD)) due to cerebrovascular accident and matched HC participants completed five different tasks ...
Extrapolating echocardiographic determinants of elevated Left Atrial Pressure (LAP) to Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMR) to determine the best CMR correlate of elevated LAP

Background The ratio of the transmitral early inflow wave velocity (E wave velocity) and the velocity of the septal (or lateral) mitral annulus as measured by tissue Doppler (the e’ wave velocity) can be used to estimate left atrial pressure on echocardiographic examination. An elevated E/e’ (more than 15 when using the septal mitral annular velocity) is an established measure of elevated LAP. Furthermore when the left atrial pressure rises, simultaneous changes take place in the pulmonary venous flow. The normal flow pattern in the pulmonary veins consist of a prominent systolic and a smaller diastolic component with the ratio of the peak systolic to diastolic velocities more than 1. With elevated left atrial pressure the ratio drops to below 1.
Abstract PR-1: A randomized factorial trial of vitamins E and C in the prevention of cancer in men: the Physicians' Health Study II

PR-1 Background Basic science and observational studies support a potential role of antioxidants, including vitamins E and C, in the prevention of cancer. Previous trials have suggested a possible benefit of vitamin E, in particular on prostate cancer. Few long-term trials have evaluated vitamin C alone in the prevention of cancer. Despite uncertainty regarding long-term effects, use of vitamin supplementation remains highly prevalent in the US. Methods The Physicians’ Health Study II (PHS II) evaluated the roles of supplementation with vitamin E (400 IU every other day) and vitamin C (500 mg daily) on risk of cancer in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 14,641 U.S. male physicians initially aged ≥50 years. The trial included 1,274 (8.7%) men with prevalent cancer at randomization. The randomized vitamin E and C trial components terminated as scheduled on August 31, 2007, and identification of cancer endpoints that occurred prior to that date will continue through September 30, 2008. The primary endpoint of the vitamin E component was prostate cancer, with total cancer (defined as excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) as a secondary endpoint. For vitamin C, the primary endpoint was total cancer. All endpoints were reviewed and confirmed by an Endpoints Committee of physicians blinded to randomized treatment assignment. High rates of morbidity and mortality follow-up have been maintained in the PHS II. Results During a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 7.6 (7.1 to 9.6) years among men with a mean baseline age of 64.3 years, there have been 1,929 cases of cancer, including 1,013 cases of prostate cancer. Based upon preliminary results, those randomized to vitamin E had a relative risk of prostate cancer of 0.95 (490 events in the active group vs. 523 in the placebo group; 95% CI, 0.84-1.07; p=0.39), and a relative risk of total cancer of 1.04 (978 vs 951; 95% confidence interval, 0.95-1.14; p=0.38). For those randomized to vitamin C, the relative risk of total cancer was 1.00 (964 events in the active group, 965 in placebo; 95% CI, 0.92-1.10; p=0.95). In addition to updating the results above, we will also present the results for other site-specific cancers, as well as analyses that consider the effects of compliance, effect modification by baseline risk factors and baseline cancer, and potential adverse effects. Conclusion These preliminary data from a large-scale prevention trial of long duration indicate no beneficial effect of vitamin E supplementation on either prostate or total cancer, nor a beneficial effect of vitamin C supplementation on total cancer. These data will help inform clinical and public health recommendations regarding effects of vitamin E or vitamin C supplementation on risks of total and site-specific cancers. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):PR-1.
Power Frequency Electromagnetic Field Test & Analysis under 1 500MVA Full Load for Guan-Dong I Line of 750kV Power Transmission & Distribution Demonstration Project

The power frequency electromagnetic field test conducted firstly in China under 150 MVA full load for Guan-Dong I line of 750 kV power transmission distribution demonstration project is introduced.The test results show that the power frequency electromagnetic field of the project can satisfy the requirements of design index national environmental protection.
Priming effects with phonemically similar words: The encoding-bias hypothesis reconsidered.

Recent studies have demonstrated that two-word lexical decision times may be influenced by the degree of shared phonemic and graphemic similarity between the items. Specifically, graphemically similar rhyming pairs (e.g., BRIBE-TRIBE) are responded to more rapidly than graphemically and phonemically unrelated controls (e.g., BREAK-DITCH), whereas graphemically similar nonrhyming pairs (TOUCH-COUCH) are responded to more slowly. In a series of three experiments, the present study examined the encoding-bias explanation (Meyer, Schvaneveldt, & Ruddy, 1974) of these effects by modifying or eliminating the graphemic information available. Experiment 1 found that rhyming facilitation was not eliminated by presenting the initial pair member auditorily. Experiments 2 and 3 showed the rhyming effect to be independent of graphemic similarity with equivalent facilitation for graphemically similar and dissimilar (EIGHT-MATE) rhymes. These findings were all considered contrary to the predictions of the encoding-bias model. As an alternative, a model by Forster (1976) was employed. In the Forster model, sensory representations of lexical entries are represented as entries in a separate access file organized by physical, rather than semantic, similarity. The rhyming facilitation can then be seen as the result of spreading activation between entries in this file.
Production of Titanium Parts, Apparatus and Machinery by Methods of Powder Metallurgy

Making components of titanium powder is a powerful approach to the higher techno-economic effectiveness manifested as a drastic decrease in material consumption, lower prime cost and higher productivity as compared with their making by machining the wrought blanks.
A report of further impedance studies of the acoustic reflex.

The result of acoustic stimulation of the middle ear muscles was studied using subjects in whom one or the other muscle contraction was known to be ineffective. Otosclerosis presented a condition o...
Incidental adenocarcinoma after open prostatic adenectomy.

AbstractAdenocarcinoma of the prostate occasionally is discovered incidentally in the enucleated gland at open prostatic adenectomy for benign disease. Among 468 men who underwent open prostatic adenectomy, unsuspected adenocarcinoma of the prostate was found on pathological examination in 28 (6.0 per cent). The tumors were stage A1 in 14 patients and stage A2 in 14. Careful tissue review resulted in reassigning 5 cases from stage A1 to stage A2. At a mean followup of 10.6 years disease progression had occurred in 4 patients with stage A2 disease. When stage A adenocarcinoma is discovered after open prostatectomy we recommend careful review of the surgical specimen for accurate staging, and adjuvant therapy for all patients with stage A2 disease and for younger patients (less than 65 years old) with stage A1 disease who have favorable life expectancies.
The Potential Utilization of High Temperature Superconductivity

The large scale practical application of high T c materials is discussed and two possible examples are given. One of the examples points to a new way of installation, while the other points to a way of using the properties of superconductivity to overcome some of the mechanical defficiencies of the materials.
5.6 Mb/mm $^{2}$ 1R1W 8T SRAM Arrays Operating Down to 560 mV Utilizing Small-Signal Sensing With Charge Shared Bitline and Asymmetric Sense Amplifier in 14 nm FinFET CMOS Technology

Multiported high-performance on-die memories occupy significantly more die area than a comparable single-port memory. Among various multiport memory topologies, the 1-read (R), 1-write (W) 8-transistor (T) Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) with a decoupled read port allows separate optimization of the read and write ports when organized without interleaved logical columns. This enables a lower minimum operating voltage ( $V_{\mathrm{ min}}$ ) compared with other dual-port SRAMs that require ports optimized for read stability and write operations. However, the 1R1W 8T SRAM often employs large signal, hierarchical bitline sensing to achieve high performance due to the nondifferential read bitline. This large-signal read architecture necessitates frequently placed local bitline sensing circuits, degrading the array bit density. In this paper, we present two sense amplifier (SA) techniques for small-signal pseudo-differential sensing to facilitate 256 bits per bitline achieving an 8T SRAM array density of 5.6 Mb/mm $^{2}\vphantom {^{\int ^\int }}$ in 14 nm FinFET CMOS. The first design employs a charge sharing SA scheme to generate a reference voltage ( $V_{\mathrm{ REF}}$ ) by leveraging the capacitance of otherwise unused metal tracks over the bitcell column. The second design utilizes an asymmetric SA in which the read bitline precharged to $V_{\mathrm{ CC}}$ in the unselected sector acts as a reference voltage and the active bitline side is intentionally upsized to skew the SA. High volume measurement results demonstrate 560 mV $V_{\min }$ at 400 MHz/−10 °C and reaches 2.21 GHz at 1 V supply.
The Effect of Long Term Non-invasive Pavement Deterioration on Accident Injury-severity Rates: A Seemingly Unrelated and Multivariate Equations Approach

Abstract This paper seeks to measure the effect of long term non-invasive pavement deterioration on accident injury-severity rates, and demonstrate the potential of considering safety as one of the criteria in the pavement management decision making process. Using data from Indiana, a system of seemingly unrelated regression equations (SURE) is estimated to predict pavement deterioration curves over a 30-year projection period based on three commonly used pavement performance indicators. The annual predictors of the pavement roughness, rutting depth, and pavement condition rating are then used in a multivariate tobit equations model of vehicle accident injury-severity rates. The results provide the expected change of the no injury, injury, and fatality rates, due to the non-invasive pavement deterioration, and are compared to a budget-unrestricted scenario under which rehabilitation occurs routinely. Even though the aim of the paper is not to provide an optimal pavement management program, the findings suggest that safety should be considered as one of the decision making criteria.
Europium(III) Interaction with a Water-Soluble Complexant: From Speciation to Photodestruction

Speciation of trivalent europium ions in solutions containing tetrahydrofuran-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid (THFTCA) has been carried out using time- and wavelength-resolved laser-induced fluorescence. THFTCA is a candidate stripping agent in solvent extraction processing of nuclear waste that enables removal of trivalent metal ions while suppressing removal of uranyl. Laser-induced fluorescence provides evidence for the predominance of a complex containing 1 metal ion and 2 THFTCA molecules in a solution whose composition, 0.3 M THFTCA + 0.4 M NaOH, is typical of that likely to be used in processing nuclear waste. Direct photochemical destruction of THFTCA in aqueous solution has been demonstrated for the first time using broad band ultraviolet photolysis and is a promising method to facilitate recovery of stripped metal ions for subsequent processing.
Why use group visits for opioid use disorder treatment in primary care? A patient-centered qualitative study

Background: Primary care providers are well positioned to respond to the opioid crisis by providing buprenorphine/naloxone (B/N) through shared medical appointments (SMAs). Although quantitative re...
What happens to biliary colic patients in New York State? 10-year follow-up from emergency department visits.

Biliary colic is a common diagnosis for patients presenting to the emergency department (ED). The purpose of this study is to examine the outcomes of patients coming to the ED with biliary colic. The NYS longitudinal SPARCS database was used to identify patients presenting to the ED with biliary colic from 2005 to 2014. Through the use of a unique identifier, patients were followed in NYS across multiple institutions. Patients who were lost to follow-up, with duplicated records, and those that underwent percutaneous cholecystectomy tubes were excluded from the analysis. Between 2005 and 2014, there were 72,376 patients who presented to an ED with biliary colic. The admission rate was 20.7–26.02%. Overall, most patients who presented to the ED did not undergo surgery (39,567, 54.7%), of which 35,204 (89%) had only one ED visit, while 4,363(11%) returned to the ED (≥ 2 visits). Only 3.23–5.51% of patients underwent cholecystectomy at the time of initial presentation. Most subsequent cholecystectomies were performed electively (27.38–52.51%) (See Table 1 in this article). Average time to surgery among patients with elective cholecystectomy was 178.4 days. From the patients who underwent cholecystectomy, 10.35% had cholecystectomy at their first ED visit, 77.7% had cholecystectomy following the first ED visit, and 12% had multiple ED visits prior to surgery. Among patients who were discharged from the ED, 32% had their surgery at a different hospital than index presentation. A significant portion of patients (48.6%) who present to the ED with biliary colic will not return or have surgery within 5 years. A third of patients who eventually undergo cholecystectomy will go to another hospital for their surgery.
QnQ: A reputation model to secure mobile crowdsourcing applications from incentive losses

A major limitation of mobile Crowd Sourcing (CS) applications is the generation of false (or spam) contributions due to selfish and malicious behaviors of users, or wrong perception of an event. Such false contributions induce loss of revenue through disbursement of undue incentives and also negatively affects the application's operational reliability. In this work, we propose a reputation model, called QnQ, to segregate different user classes such as honest, selfish, or malicious based on their reputation scores. The resultant score is then used as an indicator to decide an incentive for a user. Unlike existing works, QnQ ensures fairness to different user behaviors by unifying ‘quantity’ (degree of participation) and ‘quality’ (accuracy of contribution). Specifically, QnQ utilizes evidences from a rating feedback mechanism to propose an event-specific expected truthfulness metric by considering total feedback volume, probability mass for positive evidence, and the discounted probability mass of uncertain evidence. To classify an event as true or not, a generalized linear model is used to transform its truthfulness into quality of information (QoI). Finally, the QoIs of various events in which a user participates, are aggregated to compute a user's reputation score. For evaluation of QnQ through experimental study, we consider a vehicular crowdsourcing application. QoI performance of our model is compared with J⊘sang's belief model, while reputation and incentive leakage is compared with Dempster-Shafer based reputation model. Experimental results demonstrate that QnQ is able to better capture subtle differences in user behaviors by unifying both quality and quantity, and significantly reduces undue incentives in presence of rogue contributions.
WORKSHOP SUMMARY: ENZYMOLOGY OF BASE EXCISION REPAIR

Publisher Summary The base-excision repair is a major component for maintaining DNA integrity. Evidence has been presented for the involvement in E. coli of uracil-DNA glycosylase and the AP endonuclease activity associated with exonuclease III (endonuclease VI) in the removal of uracil from DNA. The use of apurinic DNA as substrate yields a different enzyme from that obtained with alkylated DNA substrates. There are evidences for the involvement of uracil-DNA glycosylase in uracil excision. Uracil-, hypoxanthine-, and 3-methyladenine-DNA glycosylases are evidently not physically associated with the enzymes studied in Goldthwait's laboratory that can release O6-methylguanine and bromomethyl-benzanthracene from DNA. Once the spectrum of these enzymes is established in bacteria and in eukaryotic cells, the base-excision repair is found to be more important than initially anticipated.
Post-discharge rise in BNP and rehospitalization for heart failure.

The B‑type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level on discharge of patients hospitalized with decompensated heart failure (HF) is widely considered as the “baseline” value, and treatment should be targeted to maintain this level. The prognostic value of an increase in BNP level from discharge to the 1‑month follow-up in predicting rehospitalization has not been previously explored. The Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Artery Catheterization Effectiveness (ESCAPE) trial data were utilized to determine whether an increase in BNP level from discharge to the 1‑month follow-up is associated with a higher risk of rehospitalization. The study endpoints were all-cause rehospitalization up to 6 months following randomization. Among 44 patients (mean age, 56 years, 71% men) who had their BNP levels checked on discharge and at the 1‑month follow-up, the average BNP level on discharge of the whole cohort was 467 pg/ml, which increased to 919 pg/ml at 1 month (p = 0.001). The median and interquartile range of the magnitude of rise in BNP level from discharge to 1‑month follow-up was higher in rehospitalized compared with non-rehospitalized patients (329 [11, 956] vs. 44 [−90, 316] pg/ml, p = 0.039, in both groups, respectively). Receiver operator characteristic curves showed that the magnitude of the rise in BNP from discharge to the 1‑month follow-up had an area under the curve of 0.686 (p = 0.0255) in predicting all-cause rehospitalization. Rehospitalized and non-rehospitalized patients had similar degree of clinical congestion and comparable BNP level on hospital discharge. The magnitude of the rise in BNP level from discharge to the 1‑month follow-up is a useful prognostic factor that predicts rehospitalization in patients with HF.
Screening for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

A 10-year-old girl with no significant medical history presents to your clinic for a school physical and well visit. She will begin fifth grade in the fall and actively participated in a summer soccer program at a local sports club. She reports no associated injuries or pain.
Heat Transfer Tutor and Caster for Educational Computing and Simulation

Abstract This paper presents two types of software for solving heat transfer problems: Heat Transfer Tutor (HTT) and Caster. The HTT is currently intended for the novice on the subject. It guides the user through the methodology of solving the Energy Equation for Conduction in cartesian, cylindrical and spherical co-ordinates. The proper choice of boundary and initial conditions and of assumptions are stressed throughout the tutorial with ample use of graphics. Steady state and transient Lumped Capacitance problems can currently be handled by the Tutor. This computerized instructional approach is particularly effective for students learning the material for the first time or for practicing engineers who are unfamiliar with the subject. HTT is programmed in the C-MU Tutor language. Caster on the other hand is a fully flexible software package for modelling the heat flow and optimization in continuous casting of rectangular cross-sections for any alloy, caster geometry and boundary conditions. Several heat flow models may be used including finite difference explicit, ADI and ADI with iterations in time. SQP is used for optimization modelling with three objective functions, maximum and minimum casting rate, and maximum strand enthalpy content. Quality constraints are also specified but their definition is flexible. Full use of computer graphics is made to view the temperature profile in the strand. Caster runs on a MicroVax II in a VMS operating environment.
Management of the Mass in the Prestyloid Parapharyngeal Space

To provide a concept of the three-dimensional anatomy of the prestyloid parapharyngeal space (PPS). To present the various options for preoperative evaluation of PPS masses. To discuss the surgical approaches to the prestyloid PPS and their applications.
The Great Contrast: Factor Analysis Applied to Quality of Life in the Era of the Irish Famine

This essay addresses the degree of change in Ireland’s quality of life in the decade between 1841 and 1851. In that decade, especially in the last five years, Ireland underwent a great transformation as a consequence of the failure of the potato crop.
Unified first-principles theory of thermal properties of insulators

The conventional first-principles theory for the thermal and thermodynamic properties of insulators is based on the perturbative treatment of the anharmonicity of crystal bonds. While this theory has been a successful predictive tool for strongly bonded solids such as diamond and silicon, here we show that it fails dramatically for strongly anharmonic (weakly bonded) materials, and that the conventional quasiparticle picture breaks down at relatively low temperatures. To address this failure, we present a unified first-principles theory of the thermodynamic and thermal properties of insulators that captures multiple thermal properties within the same framework across the full range of anharmonicity from strongly bonded to weakly bonded insulators. This theory features a new phonon renormalization approach derived from many-body physics that creates well-defined quasiparticles even at relatively high temperatures, and it accurately captures the effects of strongly anharmonic bonds on phonons and thermal transport. Using a prototypical strongly anharmonic material, sodium chloride (NaCl), as an example, we demonstrate that our new first-principles framework simultaneously captures the apparently contradictory experimental observations of large thermal expansion and low thermal conductivity of NaCl on the one hand, and anomalously weak temperature dependence of phonon modes on the other, while the conventional theory fails in all three cases. We demonstrate that four-phonon scattering due to higher-order anharmonicity significantly lowers the thermal conductivity of NaCl and is required for a proper comparison to experiment. Furthermore, we show that our renormalization framework, along with four-phonon scattering, also successfully predicts the measured phonon frequencies and thermal properties of a weakly anharmonic material, diamond, indicating universal applicability for thermal properties of insulators. Our work gives new insights into the physics of heat flow in solids, and presents a computationally efficient and rigorous framework that captures the thermal and thermodynamic properties of both weakly and strongly bonded insulators simultaneously.
Physical Examination, Diagnosis, and Common Clinical Procedures

Abstract Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) have unique anatomic and physiologic characteristics that influence the physical examination protocol. A small body size and requirements for group housing necessitate special handling, sedation, and clinical practices. Common physical examination findings and differential diagnoses are presented in Part I of this chapter. A brief discussion of preventative health care and quarantine protocols is presented in Part II. Lastly, capture methods, sedation protocols, and procedures are presented in Part III. Procedures described in this chapter include the following: substance administration, phlebotomy, intravenous catheter placement, blood transfusion, sample collection, and surgical biopsy. Diagnostic imaging techniques that are commonly used in the clinic, including radiography and ultrasound, are discussed.
Laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy of jet-cooled ThO

Abstract Non-equilibrium ThO(X) that was vibrationally hot but rotationally cold was produced by pulsed laser vaporization followed by supersonic expansion. This source was ideal for spectroscopic investigations of vibrationally excited levels of both the ground and electronically excited states. Laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy has been used to characterize vibrationally excited levels of the X, C, D, E, F and I states. Data for the ground state have been used to determine the potential energy curve for the energy range 0–13000 cm−1. In addition, transitions to newly identified states O′(0+) and L′(1) are tentatively assigned. The results are found to be in reasonable agreement with the predictions of ligand field theory models.
Barriers to healthcare services and supports for signing deaf older adults

Objective Although developmental stages and identity have been studied as part of aging, one category of both identity and biological difference that has received little attention in the medical and public health literature is that of older adults who were born deaf and/or who identify as part of the signing Deaf community. Research method Researchers conducted a systematic search of the literature for barriers to care access related to both aging and deafness. Results Lack of cultural competence among providers, coupled with inconsistent access to interpreters in medical settings, puts deaf individuals at risk for treatment without adequate consent, or insufficient care due to communication barriers or misperceptions of expression or culture. Conclusions/implications Individuals may face unusual challenges, indicating a serious public health crisis on the horizon as the demographic of deaf older adults continues to grow. This paper will discuss what is known about the intersection of aging, Deaf culture, and health care access, and suggest policy and practice recommendations for the future. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Effects of social constraints and web-based psychoeducation on cancer-related psychological adjustment early-after breast cancer diagnosis.

Purpose: Social constraints are interactions between individuals that result in preventing one’s disclosure of thoughts and emotions needed to facilitate cognitive processing of a traumatic event s...
Introduction: The Automated Vehicles Symposium 2015

The 2015 Automated Vehicles Symposium built on the successes of the predecessor meetings, with an even larger and more diverse roster of participants and a broader selection of breakout sessions. It was organized in cooperation with the University of Michigan’s Mobility Transformation Center, which provided an opportunity for the Symposium participants to experience a wide range of vehicle demonstrations at their new MCity test site. The plenary and poster presentations and breakout discussions continued to provide the meeting participants with the most up-to-date and authoritative information about the current international state of development of road vehicle automation systems, making this the essential meeting for industry, government and research people interested in the subject.
Studies of Gene Expression During Granulocyte Maturation

Hematopoiesis is the process by which a pluripotent stem cell gives rise to the formed elements (recognizable differentiated cells) of the blood. These include red cells, platelets, lymphocytes, and cells of the granulocyte monocyte series (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and monocyte-macrophages). The cellular biology and biochemistry of hematopoiesis have been intensively studied because the hematopoietic system is of fundamental scientific and clinical importance. As a biological phenomenon, hematopoiesis represents the most striking and readily examined example of differentiation by a single parent stem cell along several alternate cellular pathways. At the clinical level, hematopoiesis represents the means by which the body is supplied with cells needed for oxygen transport, infection resistance, and hemostasis.
Gut Microbiota Modulation for Multidrug-Resistant Organism Decolonization: Present and Future Perspectives

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is of great concern to global public health. Treatment of multi-drug resistant (MDR) infections is a major clinical challenge: the increase in antibiotic resistance leads to a greater risk of therapeutic failure, relapses, longer hospitalizations, and worse clinical outcomes. Currently, there are no validated treatments for many MDR or pandrug-resistant (PDR) infections, and preventing the spread of these pathogens through hospital infection control procedures and antimicrobial stewardship programs is often the only tool available to healthcare providers. Therefore, new solutions to control the colonization of MDR pathogens are urgently needed. In this narrative review, we discuss current knowledge of microbiota-mediated mechanisms of AMR and strategies for MDR colonization control. We focus particularly on fecal microbiota transplantation for MDR intestinal decolonization and report updated literature on its current clinical use.
Increasing Hospitalizations and Decreasing Mortality from Sudden Cardiac Arrest in Modern Era: An Analysis of the National Inpatient Sample

Introduction The national data on trends, patient characteristics, utilization of therapies and outcomes in patients with sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) are lacking. Methods Using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database we identified yearly trends, patient characteristics, utilization of therapies and differences of in-hospital outcomes among patients with in-hospital vs out-of-hospital CA between years 2007-2015 Results A total of 1018541 patients (87% in-hospital) were identified with SCA between 2007 and 2015 with an increasing yearly trend. Of those, 201231 (20%) had AMI and 112104 (11%) cardiogenic shock and 64886 (7%) of patients underwent revascularization during same hospitalization (Table 1). Overall, 37590 (3.5%), 38489 (0.3%) and 2969 (0.3%) of patients underwent IABP, percutaneous LVAD (pLVAD) and ECMO placements respectively. While pLVAD and ECMO use has been increasing steadily in recent years, IABP use is consistently decreasing. 190 (0.05%) of patients underwent durable LVAD implantation and 225 (0.02%) underwent orthotropic heart transplant (OHT) during same hospitalization (Table 2). The length of stay (LOS) for entire cohort was 8.1(±12.4) days and the mortality for entire cohort was 68% with decreasing trend over the study period (Figure 1). The mortality in patients who underwent ECMO, durable LVAD and OHT was lower than the overall cohort (p Conclusions There has been an increase in the number of SCA patients with a concomitant decreasing mortality trend in the recent era. The mortality in patients who underwent ECMO, durable LVAD and OHT was lower than the overall cohort.
Cutting not the key to TMPRSS6 activity

In this issue of Blood, Enns et al demonstrate that the mechanism of action of TMPRSS6, a key regulator of iron homeostasis, may differ from early predictions or assumptions. This finding has implications not only for our understanding of basic mechanisms of iron biology but also for the development of new pharmacologic agents that exploit or target TMPRSS6 to treat anemias and iron-related diseases.
"Empathy without sympathy": An analysis of support-related preferences among young adult cancer survivors.

Young adult cancer survivors often experience altered social relationships which may be a result of social support networks not knowing how to effectively provide the support young adults need. Thi...
Vowel development in young Mandarin-English bilingual children.

This study examined the development of vowel categories in young Mandarin -English bilingual children. The participants included 35 children aged between 3 and 4 years old (15 Mandarin-English bilinguals, six English monolinguals, and 14 Mandarin monolinguals). The bilingual children were divided into two groups: one group had a shorter duration ( 1 year) of intensive immersion in English (Bi-high group). The participants were recorded producing one list of Mandarin words containing the vowels /a, i, u, y, ɤ/ and/or one list of English words containing the vowels /i, ɪ, e, ɛ, ae, u, ʊ, o, ɑ, ʌ/. Formant frequency values were extracted at five equidistant time locations (the 20-35-50-65-80% point) over the course of vowel duration. Cross-language and within-language comparisons were conducted on the midpoint formant values and formant trajectories. The results showed that children in the Bi-low group produced their English vowels into clusters and showed positional deviations from the monolingual targets. However, they maintained the phonetic features of their native vowel sounds well and mainly used an assimilatory process to organize the vowel systems. Children in the Bi-high group separated their English vowels well. They used both assimilatory and dissimilatory processes to construct and refine the two vowel systems. These bilingual children approximated monolingual English children to a better extent than the children in the Bi-low group. However, when compared to the monolingual peers, they demonstrated observable deviations in both L1 and L2.
Trade and Job Loss in U.S. Manufacturing, 1979-94

This paper examines the relationship between increasing foreign competition and job displacement in U.S. manufacturing over the 1979-94 period. This was a period of increased trade flows, large swings in the value of the dollar, and falling trade barriers in developing countries. The period was also characterized by widespread permanent job loss, particularly in manufacturing. The results are broadly consistent with the perception that imports displace some domestic jobs. This board consistency appears to be a result of a strong positive relationship between increasing foreign competition and job displacement for industries long identified as import-competing industries such as Footwear, Leather Products, Radio and Television, Watches and Clocks, Toys. At the same time, there are a number of import-competing industries with below-average rates of job loss, and there was also considerable job loss from industries facing little or no change in import competition. Overall, it appears that increasing foreign competition accounts for a small share of job displacement. There is mixed evidence about the role of technological change, with results sensitive to both specification and proxy. Sizable earnings losses follow job displacement. Workers displaced form import-competing Manufacturing, mostly Durable Goods, have the largest average earnings loss of an industrial group (with the exception of Mining), and their losses are particularly large if reemployed in Trade and Services. Even if the causal model remains unclear, workers have good reason to worry about job and income insecurity in the face of increasing foreign competition.
Introduction- We, the Mediated People: Popular Constitution-Making in Contemporary South America

The "people" are the ultimate source of authority for a constitution. But who are the people? The danger is that populist leaders will define the people as one segment of the population that is unbound by law to create a new constitution that centralizes power in the leader's own hands. This book examines how and how not to violate law to construct an inclusive people so that they may realize their freedom to break with the past but still stave off the establishment of semi-authoritarian constitutions. I argue that through the "extraordinary adaptation" of old institutions, the people and its constitutional convention may include all parties. Rather than overthrowing old institutions and opening a legal void, in extraordinary adaptation, the revolutionary party gains offices through democratic elections and then repurposes the old regime's institutions by bending, reinterpreting and even breaking their rules. However, it never creates a legal vacuum and this partial legal continuity facilitates the participation of old parties that continue to hold some power in the previous constitution's institutions. The adaptation must be principled: the revolutionary must first exhaust all other legal channels, openly acknowledges the violation to seeks popular vindication, and concede enough to the opposition so that it may begrudgingly acquiesce to the new constitution. I develop my theory by examining all four instances of popular constitution-making in contemporary South America as it is the region with the most holdings of freely and fairly elected constitutional assemblies within liberal democracies after the end of the Cold War. I show how populist leaders in Venezuela and Ecuador established semi-authoritarian constitutions through lawless and exclusive constitution-making while Colombia and Bolivia managed to avoid the same fate by engaging in extraordinary adaptation.
Nuclear excitation functions from 40 to 200 MeV proton irradiation of terbium

Abstract Nuclear formation cross sections are reported for 26 radionuclides, measured with 40–200 MeV proton irradiations of terbium foils. These data provide the basis for the production of medically relevant radionuclides (e.g., 152Tb, 155Tb, 155Eu, and 156Eu) and 153Gd, a potential source used in ongoing efforts to characterize stellar nucleosynthesis routes. Computational predictions from the ALICE2011, CEM03.03, Bertini, and INCL + ABLA codes are compared with newly measured data to contribute to the ongoing process of code development, and yields are calculated for selected radionuclides using measured data.
Studies on lactams—XX : Stereochemistry of some penicillin sulfoxides and analogs from lanthanide induced shifts

Abstract Lanthanide induced shifts have been shown to provide reliable information on the steric disposition of protons in the vicinity of the sulfoxide group in penicillin derivatives and analogs. Because of its dipolar nature the sulfoxide bond serves as a favored site for complex formation with the lanthanide. The configuration of several penam sulfoxides and the conformation of the thiazolidine ring of one of them have been deduced.
Scattering from metallic grating made of various strip conductivity profiles

Metallic gratings have long been used as frequency selective surfaces for applications ranging from beam splitters to polarization filters. These gratings are generally modeled as an infinite array of evenly spaced metallic strips. These structures are usually modeled by assuming that each of the strips in the grating has an infinite conductivity or that all strips are made of the same finite conductivity. In this work, various strip conductivity profiles are analyzed for their effect on the radar cross section area (RCS). The induced currents on each strip are solved to calculate the scattered field.
Child and adolescent trauma treatments and services after September 11: Implementing evidence-based practices into complex child services systems

Introduction The September 11th attacks were an act of terrorism beyond what the USA had ever experienced, and represented a challenging venue for mental health professionals to respond to. Previous studies of the effects of terrorism on children largely centered on examination of frequent exposure to violence, such as war. The Oklahoma City bombing was one of the first investigations of how terrorism affects children who live in a country relatively free from large-scale acts of violence. The number of lives lost in this act were large and research results indicated far-reaching ripple effects and delayed responses. Interestingly, data from Oklahoma also demonstrated that television exposure appeared to be a significant risk factor in the development of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms (Pfefferbaum et al. , 1999; Pfefferbaum et al. , 2001). Although data such as these are useful in guiding the response to September 11th, there remains a grave dearth of information on how to respond to children in the aftermath of terrorism. The destruction of the World Trade Center (WTC) was massive, and the damage shattering on the heavily populated island of Manhattan and surrounding boroughs. Early screening efforts showed that as many as 75,000 children (10.5%) had symptoms that were predictive of PTSD (Hoven et al. , 2002, Board of Education Study). In addition, high percentages of children presented with other psychiatric symptoms predictive of a range of disorders, including depression (8.4%), anxiety (12.3%), agoraphobia (15.0%), separation anxiety (12.3%), and conduct disorder (10.9%).
An explicit representation of vertical momentum transport in a multiscale modeling framework through its 2-D cloud-resolving model component

In this study, an explicit representation of vertical momentum transport by convective cloud systems, including mesoscale convective systems (MCSs), is proposed and tested in a multiscale modeling framework (MMF). The embedded cloud-resolving model (CRM) provides vertical momentum transport in one horizontal direction. The vertical momentum transport in the other direction is assumed to be proportional to the vertical mass flux diagnosed from the CRM in addition to the effects of entrainment and detrainment. In order to represent both upgradient and downgradient vertical momentum transports, the orientation of the embedded CRM must change with time instead of being stationary typically in MMFs. The orientation is determined by the stratification of the lower troposphere and environmental wind shear. Introducing the variation of the orientations of the embedded CRM is responsible for reducing the stationary anomalous precipitation and many improvements. Improvements are strengthened when the CRM simulated vertical momentum transport is allowed to modify the large-scale circulation simulated by the host general circulation model. These include an improved spatial distribution, amplitude, and intraseasonal variability of the surface precipitation in the tropics, more realistic zonal mean diabatic heating and drying patterns, more reasonable zonal mean large-scale circulations and the East Asian summer monsoon circulation, and an improved, annual mean implied meridional ocean transport in the Southern Hemisphere. Further tests of this convective momentum transport parameterization scheme will be performed with a higher-resolution MMF to further understand its roles in the intraseasonal oscillation and tropical waves, monsoon circulation, and zonal mean large-scale circulations.
Effects of ethanol and NAP on cerebellar expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule L1.

The neural cell adhesion molecule L1 is critical for brain development and plays a role in learning and memory in the adult. Ethanol inhibits L1-mediated cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth in cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs), and these actions might underlie the cerebellar dysmorphology of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. The peptide NAP potently blocks ethanol inhibition of L1 adhesion and prevents ethanol teratogenesis. We used quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting of extracts of cerebellar slices, CGNs, and astrocytes from postnatal day 7 (PD7) rats to investigate whether ethanol and NAP act in part by regulating the expression of L1. Treatment of cerebellar slices with 20 mM ethanol, 10−12 M NAP, or both for 4 hours, 24 hours, and 10 days did not significantly affect L1 mRNA and protein levels. Similar treatment for 4 or 24 hours did not regulate L1 expression in primary cultures of CGNs and astrocytes, the predominant cerebellar cell types. Because ethanol also damages the adult cerebellum, we studied the effects of chronic ethanol exposure in adult rats. One year of binge drinking did not alter L1 gene and protein expression in extracts from whole cerebellum. Thus, ethanol does not alter L1 expression in the developing or adult cerebellum; more likely, ethanol disrupts L1 function by modifying its conformation and signaling. Likewise, NAP antagonizes the actions of ethanol without altering L1 expression.
Implications of zero gravity for producing new glasses in space

Abstract The possibilities for producing new glasses in zero gravity environment are explored. Zero gravity melting permits the elimination of a solid container during both the melting and cooling phases of glass production. The combination of superheating well above the melting temperature and cooling in the absence of most normal nucleation sites promises to permit the production of glasses from normally crystalline materials such as Al 2 O 3 , HfO 2 , ZrO 2 , etc. Such glasses should find immediate applications in refractive optics where the unusual combinations of index of refraction and dispersion can be used to advantage in highly corrected multi-element lenses. Heating equipment and atmospheres for space melting of glasses are considered.