cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A monoclonal antibody that defines a surface antigen on Candida albicans hyphae cross-reacts with yeast cell protoplasts.

Female BALB/c mice were immunized with a whole-hyphal-cell extract obtained from Candida albicans wild-type strain 4918 grown in Lee medium. Monoclonal antibody (MAb)-producing hybridomas were prepared by fusing immune splenocytes with NS-1 myeloma cells. One of the hybrid cell clones (1.183) secreted an immunoglobulin G1 antibody that reacted with C. albicans hyphae in an indirect immunofluorescence assay but not with yeast cells and pseudohyphal segments directly originating from parent blastoconidia. In the same assay eight of nine recent clinical C. albicans isolates and Candida stellatoidea tested positive for hyphal cell-specific reactivity with MAb 1.183. The recognized antigen on hyphal cells was sensitive to heat treatment, beta-mercaptoethanol reduction, and proteolysis with pronase, trypsin, and subtilisin. Western blot (immunoblot) analysis of hyphal whole-cell and dithiothreitol extracts with MAb 1.183 revealed two major proteins with approximate molecular masses of 55 and 60 kilodaltons (kDa) under reducing conditions. Endo-alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (O-glycanase) treatment reduced the molecular mass of the 60-kDa protein slightly but did not affect recognition by MAb 1.183, whereas peptide:N-glycosidase F (N-glycanase) had no effect on either protein. When exponentially growing yeast cells were treated sequentially with EDTA, beta-mercaptoethanol, and Zymolase to form protoplasts, a specific immunofluorescence signal was obtained with MAb 1.183. In a Western blot, MAb 1.183 showed reactivity with a 20-kDa protein in the sodium dodecyl sulfate extract from protoplasts, whereas no reactivity was found with cell wall material obtained from yeast cells. In summary, these experiments indicated that specific cell surface components from C. albicans hyphae are related to antigens which are present in yeast cells but are not detectable on the surface of the latter. Images
Stereochemistry of valine and isoleucine biosynthesis II. Absolute configuration of (−)α,β-dihydroxyisovaleric acid and (−)α,β-dihydroxy-β-methylvaleric acid

Abstract The valine biosynthetic precursor (−)α,β-dihydroxyisovaleric acid has been converted to (S) (+)-2,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbutane, demonstrating that the dihydroxy-acid intermediate has the (R) configuration. The corresponding isoleucine precursor, (−)α,β-dihydroxy-β-methylvaleric acid, has been degraded to (R) (−)-2-hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid, establishing the (R) configuration at C-3; the natural intermediate is consequently the (2R;3R) isomer. The stereochemistry of the enzymatic reactions involving these intermediates is discussed.
Landmarks in defense literature

A Study of War by Quincy Wright, Second edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965, 1,637 pp.
On the spectrum of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays and the /γ-ray burst origin hypothesis

Abstract It has been suggested that cosmological γ-ray bursts (GRBs) can produce the observed flux of cosmic rays at the highest energies. However, recent studies of GRBs indicate that their redshift distribution likely follows the average star formation rate of the universe and that GRBs were more numerous at high redshifts. As a consequence, we show that photomeson production energy losses suffered by ultrahigh energy cosmic rays coming from GRBs would produce too sharp a spectral energy cutoff to be consistent with the air shower data. Futhermore, we show that cosmolgical GRBs fail to supply the energy input required to account for the cosmic ray flux above 1019 eV by a factor of 100–1000.
Need Structure, Personal Adjustment, and Academic Self-Concept of Beginning Education Students

THIS STUDY reports the results of the admin istration of the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule, part of the California Test of Personal ity, and an Academic Self-Concept Questionnaire to 246 education majors at Michigan State Uni sity. It is an effort to assess how education majors view themselves academically and how their ad justment profiles and need structures compare when examined by sex and by major.
Engineering of Complex Systems for the Future

AbstractChallenges facing individuals and organizations in the engineering of complex systems in a global environment are discussed. Characteristics of complex systems and the use of emerging technologies in advanced engineering systems of the future are reviewed. Management techniques and concepts currently of interest to do more with less are considered. Demands on engineers for more technical and other skills are indicated. Changes occurring in industry, government, academia, and the technical societies for global competitiveness in the 21st century are described.
Stability properties of functional difference equations

Hale and Cruz (1970) have defined the concept of a stable difference operator, and have found that this class of operators is sometimes 'super sensitive' to perturbations. In the present paper, a subclass of general functional difference equations is derived which retain their stability under appropriate perturbations. Also, the results of Hale and Cruz are extended to include difference equations on the Banach space of p-th power integrable functions, and essentially bounded functions.
A single order-disorder transition generates tension during the Huxley-Simmons phase 2 in muscle

Increasing temperature was used to progressively interconvert non-force-generating into force-generating states in skinned rabbit psoas muscle fibers contracting isometrically. Laser temperature-jump and length-jump experiments were used to characterize tension generation in the time domain of the Huxley-Simmons phase 2. In our experiments, phase 2 is subdivisible into two kinetic steps each with quite different physical properties. The fast kinetic component has rate constant of 950 s-1 at 1 degrees C and a Q10 of approximately 1.2. Its rate is tension insensitive and its normalized amplitude declines with rising temperature--behavior that closely parallels the instantaneous stiffness of the cross-bridge. It is likely that this kinetic step is a manifestation of a damped elastic element/s in the fiber. The slow component of phase 2 is temperature-dependent with a Q10 of approximately 3.0. Its rate is sensitive to tension. Unlike the fast component, its amplitude remains in fixed proportion to isometric tension at different temperatures indicating direct participation in tension generation. Similar T-jump studies on frog fibers are also included. The combined results (frog and rabbit) suggest that tension generation occurs in a single endothermic (entropy driven) step in phase 2.
Tail lobe and open field line region entries at mid to high latitudes

Abstract New data from the POLAR and HEO (high earth orbit) 95-034 satellites are used in a preliminary study to estimate the position of the open/closed (OC) field line boundary using energetic particle and plasma observations. In this study, the OC boundary positions were compared in several different coordinate systems and the GSM and eccentric dipole coordinates were found to be equally effective in organizing the HEO 95-034 data. No coordinate system appeared to organize the POLAR data best. The HEO 95-034 and POLAR data were examined for interplanetary field and plasma dynamic pressure control of the dayside OC boundary. The HEO 95-034 data showed a clear response to solar wind dynamic pressure with the OC boundary being at lower latitude with increasing pressure. The HEO 95-034 data also showed some response to the IMF BZ, hinting that the OC boundary would move to lower latitude with increasingly negative BZ but be unchanged for positive BZ. The POLAR data showed no dependence on either the solar wind dynamic pressure or BZ in this initial study. The data were relatively sparse; about a month of observations for each satellite.
Investigation of synergy effects in selective oxidation catalysts through in situ laser raman spectroscopy/ isotopic labeling technique

Abstract Previous studies over two-phase catalysts consisting of a simple molybdate (MnMoO4, CdMo04) in close contact with molybdenum oxide (MoO3) have shown the existence of a strong synergy effect in partial oxidation of C4 hydrocarbons to maleic anhydride. In this paper, we present results of the investigation of this synergy effect using an isotopic labeling technique coupled with in situ laser Raman spectroscopy. Results from these studies, when integrated with our previous work, provide complementary evidence for the catalytic job distribution of the two phases, in which the MoO3 phase incorporates its lattice oxygen into the hydrocarbon molecule, while the simple molybdate phase provides the oxygen necessary to regenerate MoO3 sites through an oxygen spillover mechanism. The in situ Raman spectroscopy experiments combined with structural specificity studies provide further clues about the catalytic sites responsible for selective versus complete oxidation.
Persistent Truncus Arteriosus: An Electrovectorcardiographic Study in 14 Infants*

The electrocardiograms and vectorcardiograms in 14 infants with type I and II persistent truncus arteriosus have been analyzed in detail. Each case still had markedly increased pulmonary flow and signs of congestive heart failure. In many respects the clinical findings resembled other forms of large left-toright shunts below the atrioventricular valve. Since a corrective procedure has been devised for persistent truncus arteriosus, it is imperative that the diagnosis be suspected in any infant with heart failure secondary to congenital heart disease. The common electrovectorcardiographic findings showed that: (a) abnormal P waves were a constant feature and left or biatrial enlargement was more common than pure right atrial enlargement; (b) the mean QRS axis in the frontal plane did not show extreme variation. All of them fell into a relatively narrow range (+55° to +130°); and more interestingly, the mean QRS vector in each patient was within the normal limits for age; (c) com* bined ventricular hypertrophy was the most common electrovectorcardiographic pattern (70 per cent of the cases). An abnormally small, biphasic or negative T wave in V 6 was also a frequent finding. Thus, the electrovectorcardiogram in persisent truncus arteriosus in infants with increased pulmonary flow has a more consistent picture than previously described.
Simulation of mechanical response during polymer crystallization around rigid inclusions and voids: homogeneous crystallization

The mechanical effects of homogeneous polymer crystallization around single defects are studied, showing how crystallization can develop residual stresses, and change material moduli. Defects in the form of rigid inclusions or voids are considered, either having spherical or cylindrical geometry. Problems with spherical symmetry are considered in the case of a spherical defect, and plane strain problems with axial symmetry are considered in the case of a cylindrical defect. The predicted response is based on a constitutive model developed by Negahban et al. (1993, Int. J. Eng. Sci. 31(1), 93–113), and shows that large residual stresses develop, which may result in debonding or fracture.
Feasibility and preliminary diagnostic results of pixel-wise quantification of regadenoson first pass cardiac magnetic resonance perfusion imaging

Methods Forty-seven patients had 1.5T steady state free precession, regadenoson stress perfusion CMR and either a ≤ 30% coronary narrowing by CT angiography (CTA) or a ≥70% stenosis by invasive coronary angiography (ICA). CMR perfusion pixel maps were generated by a modelconstrained deconvolution with and without the myocardial segmentation. The two independent observers were blinded to clinical information.
Towards an Integration Science The Influence of Richard Bellman on Our Research

In this paper, we describe the influence of Richard Bellman's work on our research. The influence is primarily felt in the attitude we take towards the research, which is that whenever the right mathematical tool for a problem that we are considering is not available, then some mathematical invention is required. We describe our research studies in software and system engineering for what we have called Constructed Complex Systems (we call them that to distinguish them from the mathematically more popular use of the term to refer to studies of fractals, chaos, and other behaviors in dynamical systems), which are large systems mediated or managed by computing systems, and the Integration Science that we believe is necessary for adequately designing, building, and analyzing such systems. The two technical topic areas we describe are Wrappings, which is our knowledge-based integration infrastructure for Constructed Complex Systems, and Virtual Worlds, which provide a very interesting testbed for integrating a wide range of processes, from human activities to formal systems. In both cases, we describe some of the mathematical implications and requirements of our approach.
The Arc and Spark Spectra of Gadolinium

Analyses based on wave-numbers and intensities have led to the classification of 1177 lines of Gd ii, and 1217 of Gd i. The percentages of the stronger lines which have been classified are respectively 77 and 90; of all lines 45 and 40. Almost all lines of astrophysical interest are included.All the identifiable terms are derived from the ground-state 8S° of the triply ionized atom. A complete analysis will probably be very difficult. The multiplets are remarkably regular for so high an atomic number. Intercombinations are numerous and strong, and often occur between terms differing widely in multiplicity and type. Terms of multiplicity 11 are present in Gd i and account for some of the strongest lines.
Structures, alternative splicing, and neurexin binding of multiple neuroligins.

Neuroligin 1 is a neuronal cell surface protein that binds to a subset of neurexins, polymorphic cell surface proteins that are also localized on neurons (Ichtchenko, K., Hata, Y., Nguyen, T., Ullrich, B., Missler, M., Moomaw, C., and Sudhof, T. C. (1995) Cell 81, 435-443). We now describe two novel neuroligins called neuroligins 2 and 3 that are similar in structure and sequence to neuroligin 1. All neuroligins contain an N-terminal hydrophobic sequence with the characteristics of a cleaved signal peptide followed by a large esterase homology domain, a highly conserved single transmembrane region, and a short cytoplasmic domain. The three neuroligins are alternatively spliced at the same position and are expressed at high levels only in brain. Binding studies demonstrate that all three neuroligins bind to beta-neurexins both as native brain proteins and as recombinant proteins. Tight binding of the three neuroligins to beta-neurexins is observed only for beta-neurexins lacking an insert in splice site 4. Thus, neuroligins constitute a multigene family of brain-specific proteins with distinct isoforms that may have overlapping functions in mediating recognition processes between neurons.
Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Non-Hemorrhagic Cerebral Infarction

of initial NlHSSS >10 in the NINDS study (42%). PROACf II ended patient accrual August 24, 1998, and results may be available by this meeting. In the future, LIF reports must include documentation of the initial neurologic deficit, as measured by the NIHSSS, and outcomes as measured by the Barthel Index and Rankin Score, so relative comparison to NlNDS and ECASS data can be derived. Stratification for treatment based on initial NIHSSS or early imaging to document the area of infarction and potential major vessel occlu. sion is a concept that is being pursued. Documentation that LIF is superior to IV therapy in clinical benefit, with acceptable safety, awaits a comparison study of IV-tPA versus IA LIF or some other therapy that allows direct clot removal, with or without additional combination therapy.
Connecting changes in secondary mathematics teachers’ knowledge to their experiences in a professional development workshop

This investigation describes secondary mathematics teachers’ learning and instructional change following their participation in a professional development workshop, the Enhancing Secondary Mathematics Teacher Preparation Project (ESP) (2004–2005), specifically focused on the selection and implementation of cognitively challenging mathematical tasks. Data consist of a pre/post-assessment of teachers’ knowledge of the cognitive demands of mathematical tasks and videotaped discussions and written artifacts from the professional development sessions. A mixed methods approach was used to identify connections between teachers’ learning and their experiences in the ESP workshop. Results indicate that ESP teachers developed new ideas about the influence of mathematical tasks on students’ learning. Increases in teachers’ knowledge of the cognitive demands of mathematical tasks were closely linked to ideas represented in frameworks and discussions from the ESP workshop and to teachers’ experiences in solving challenging mathematical tasks as learners.
Localizability of dynamic electron correlation

Abstract The convergence of the intrapair correlation energy for a localized internal orbital is investigated as the virtual subspace is enlarged. At variance with previous investigations of this kind, the virtual subspace is represented in atomic orbitals. This allows to define spatial relations between the orbitals involved. Typically, over 98% of the pair correlation energy is recovered by a small local basis set, consisting of the valence orbitals of the atoms with which the electron pair is associated. This opens the possibility of an efficient Cl procedure based on localized pairs.
Active transport of Ca2+ in bacteria: Bioenergetics and function

The bioenergetics of Ca2+ transport in bacteria are discussed with special emphasis on the interrelationship between transport and other cellular functions such as substrate oxidation by the respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation. The unusual polarity of Ca2+ movement provides an exceptional tool to compare active transport and other ATP requiring or generating processes since this ion is actively taken up by everted vesicles in which the coupling-factor ATPase is exposed to the external medium. As inferred from studies with everted vesicles, the active extrusion of Ca2+ by whole cells can be accomplished by substrate driven respiration, hydrolysis of ATP or as in the case ofStreptococcus faecalis by a nonhydrolytic unknown process which involves ATP directly. Substrate oxidation and the hydrolysis of ATP result in the generation of a pH gradient which can energize the Ca2+ uptake directly (Ca2+/H+ antiport) or via a secondary Na+ gradient (Ca2+/Na+ antiport). In contrast to exponentially growing cells sporulating Bacilli accumulate Ca2+ during the synthesis of dipicolinic acid. Studies involving Ca2+ transport provided evidence in support of the hypothesis that the Mg2+ ATPase fromEscherichia coli not only provides the driving force for various cellular functions but exerts a regulatory role by controlling the permeability of the membrane to protons. The different specificity requirements of various naphthoquinone analogs in the restoration of transport or oxidative phosphorylation, after the natural menaquinone has been destroyed by irradiation, has indicated that a protonmotive force is sufficient to drive active transport. However, in addition to the driving force (protonmotive force) necessary to establish oxidative phosphorylation, a specific spatial orientation of the respiratory components, such as the naphthoquinones, is essential for the utilization of the proton gradient or membrane potential or both. Finally evidence suggesting that intracellular Ca2+ levels might play a fundamental role in bacterial homeostasis is discussed, in particular the role of Ca2+ in the process of chemiotaxis and in conferring bacteria heat stability. A vitamin K-dependent carboxylation reaction has been found inEscherichia coli which is similar to that reported in mammalian systems which results in γ carboxylation of glutamate residues. Although all of the proteins containing γ-carboxyglutamate described so far are involved in Ca2+ metabolism, the role of these proteins inEscherichia coli is unknown and remains to be elucidated.
Reinforcement learning with misspecified model classes

Real-world robots commonly have to act in complex, poorly understood environments where the true world dynamics are unknown. To compensate for the unknown world dynamics, we often provide a class of models to a learner so it may select a model, typically using a minimum prediction error metric over a set of training data. Often in real-world domains the model class is unable to capture the true dynamics, due to either limited domain knowledge or a desire to use a small model. In these cases we call the model class misspecified, and an unfortunate consequence of misspecification is that even with unlimited data and computation there is no guarantee the model with minimum prediction error leads to the best performing policy. In this work, our approach improves upon the standard maximum likelihood model selection metric by explicitly selecting the model which achieves the highest expected reward, rather than the most likely model. We present an algorithm for which the highest performing model from the model class is guaranteed to be found given unlimited data and computation. Empirically, we demonstrate that our algorithm is often superior to the maximum likelihood learner in a batch learning setting for two common RL benchmark problems and a third real-world system, the hydrodynamic cart-pole, a domain whose complex dynamics cannot be known exactly.
Is neonatal jaundice associated with Autism Spectrum Disorders: a systematic review.

Using guidelines of the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Group, we systematically reviewed the literature on neonatal jaundice (unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in term and preterm infants. Thirteen studies were included in a meta-analysis. Most used retrospective matched case–control designs. There was significant heterogeneity (Q = 31, p = 0.002) and no evidence of publication bias (p = 0.12). Overall, jaundice, assessed by total serum bilirubin (TSB), was associated with ASD (OR, 1.43, 95% CI 1.22–1.67, random effect model). This association was not found in preterms (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.38–1.02) but deserves further investigation since other measures of bilirubin such as unbound unconjugated bilirubin may be better predictors of neurotoxicity than TSB in preterms.
Welcome message from conference chair helen greiner

TePRA is an exciting and unique conference aimed at catalyzing the development of enabling technologies and encouraging their adoption by robot designers. Different than other robotics conferences, TePRA is a combination of an academic conference and a trade show. More so than academic conferences, TePRA emphasizes practical applications and industrial participation. More so than trade shows, TePRA has a serious review process and is targeted at future applications. TePRA exposes robot designers to new enabling tools, techniques and technologies and exposes tool, technique and technology developers to the needs of robot designers. TePRA provides you with the opportunity to share new tools, techniques and technologies that could be of use in the robotics field and new practical applications of robots that could benefit from a technical or technology breakthrough. The conference?s Technical Program covers a broad range of robot applications and technologies, including medical and rehabilitation robotics, military and security robotics, consumer robotics, computation, navigation, sensing and more. In addition, the conference features Technology Exhibits about robotics and related components and technologies and Demonstrations of robotics technology.
All indoleamine-accumulating cells in the rabbit retina contain GABA.

The indoleamine-accumulating amacrine cells of the rabbit retina are wide-field and numerous. They form a dense plexus in sublamina 5 of the inner plexiform layer where they make reciprocal synapses with rod bipolar cells. To provide a quantitative test for the colocalization of serotonin (5-HT) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the rabbit retina, we designed two parallel double-label experiments. In the first series, the indoleamine-accumulating cells were labeled with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT), which was subsequently visualized by photooxidation in the presence of diaminobenzidine. This was combined with autoradiography for 3H-muscimol. In the second and complementary series, 3H-5-HT uptake was combined with postembedding GABA immunocytochemistry. These two experiments provided essentially identical results: over 98% of the indoleamine-accumulating amacrine cells were double-labeled. This means that, within the limit of experimental error, all the indoleamine-accumulating amacrine cells are GABAergic. The indoleamine-accumulating amacrine cells account for 15–20% of a large diverse group of GABA amacrine cells. In addition, the rare type 3 indoleamine-accumulating cells and fine processes running in the optic fiber layer were double-labeled. If there is insufficient 5-HT to support a transmitter role in the rabbit retina, our results suggest that the indoleamine-accumulating cells may use GABA as a neurotransmitter. Thus, rod bipolar cells, in common with other bipolar cell types, receive extensive negative feedback at GABA-mediated reciprocal synapses. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Comprehensive ultra-high pressure capillary liquid chromatography/ion mobility spectrometry

An ultra-high pressure liquid chromatograph was interfaced to a moderately high-resolution nanoelectrospray ionization ion mobility spectrometer operating at ambient temperature and pressure to achieve fast multidimensional separations. The potential of using ion mobility spectrometry as the second dimension in a comprehensive arrangement with liquid chromatography to offer improved qualitative information for compounds under specific operating conditions, is discussed. Separation and detection of selected benzodiazepines and triazine herbicides are demonstrated. Composite peak capacities of 39 and 33 for benzodiazepine and triazine herbicide mixtures, respectively, were achieved in less than 75 s using a 16.5 cm×50 μm internal diameter fused silica capillary liquid chromatographic column packed with 1.5 μm diameter ODS-bonded silica particles.
A screening questionnaire for body dysmorphic disorder in a cosmetic dermatologic surgery practice.

Background. Dermatologic surgeons frequently see patients with body dysmorphic disorder, a distressing or impairing preoccupation with a nonexistent or slight defect in appearance. Recognition of this disorder is essential to avoid unnecessary and generally unsatisfying surgical outcomes, but no screening tools are available for use in a dermatology setting. Objective. To develop and validate a brief self-report questionnaire to screen for body dysmorphic disorder in dermatology settings. Methods. A questionnaire was developed and its sensitivity and specificity determined in 46 subjects, using a reliable clinician-administered diagnostic interview for body dysmorphic disorder. The interrater reliability of a defect severity scale was also determined (n = 50). Results. The self-report questionnaire had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 93%. The interrater reliability (ICC) of the defect rating scale was .88. Conclusions. This brief questionnaire was a highly effective screening tool for body dysmorphic disorder in a cosmetic dermatology setting. Use of this questionnaire may help identify patients with this syndrome.
Cyclic nucleotide gated channel and Ca²⁺-mediated signal transduction during plant senescence signaling.

Previous studies reveal that both Ca2+ and nitric oxide (NO) play pivotal roles in the plant senescence signaling cascade. However, not much is known about the molecular identity of the Ca2+ entry during senescence programming and its relationship to the downstream NO signal. Our recent study shows that Arabidopsis cyclic nucleotide gated channel2 (CNGC2) contributes to Ca2+ uptake and senescence signaling. The CNGC2 loss-of-function mutant dnd1 displays reduced Ca2+ accumulation in leaves and a series of early senescence phenotypes compared to wild type (WT). Notably, endogenous NO content in dnd1 leaves is lower than leaves of WT. Application of an NO donor can effectively rescue a number of early senescence phenotypes found in the dnd1 plants. Current evidence supports the notion that NO functions as a negative regulator in senescence signaling and our model supports this point. In this article, we expand our discussion of CNGC2 mediated Ca2+ uptake and other related signaling components involved in th...
Rapid stabilization and mobilization of 15N in forest and range soils

Abstract Effects of physical protection of soil organic matter (SOM) on rates of nitrogen (N) mineralization and immobilization were studied in five soils of contrasting mineralogy and physical structure from North and Central America. Whole soils were exposed for 60 days to 15N NH4C1, then separated into a heavy and a light density fraction ( ≷ 1.70 Mg m −3 ). Substantial 15N was incorporated into the denser (heavy) fraction of each soil during the 60-day exposure indicating that organo-mineral complexes can form quite quickly. Next, sonicated and unsonicated heavy fraction (HF) material was slurry incubated for 5 days. (The effect of sonication was used as an operational measure of the degree of physical protection.) Most of the newly-formed organic N was non-labile. However, some 14N and 15N were released into solution during the slurry incubation, mainly as dissolved organic N (DON). NH+4 was also released and was more highly labelled than the DON, suggesting that the NH+4 was derived from a more active pool. We expected that the degree of labelling of the NH+4 and DON released during incubation would be lower for sonicated than for unsonicated HFs because the label would be diluted by release of physically-protected native 14N. In fact, sonication had no effect on release of 14NH+4 or 15NH+4 during the slurry incubation but markedly increased release of 14N and 15N as DON. In addition, sonication increased the degree of labelling of the NH+4 and perhaps of the DON. Overall these results suggest that some 15N was incorporated into the HFs as an active but protected (“active-protected”) fraction. Only a small portion of this active-protected fraction was chloroform-labile suggesting that it was not microbial biomass.
Photorefractive JTC Based Target Detection and Tracking

In this paper, a photorefractive crystal based all-optical architecture for implementing the fringe-adjusted joint transform correlation (JTC) technique is investigated. The photorefractive JTC technique is fast because it operates in the optical domain and it generates the correlation output in one step. Computer simulation results using real life image sequences are presented to verify the performance of the proposed technique for target detection and tracking purposes.
Distribution of the parathyroid hormone 2 receptor in rat: immunolocalization reveals expression by several endocrine cells.

The PTH2 receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor selectively activated by PTH. We are studying the receptors distribution to guide the investigation of its physiological function. We have now generated an antibody from a C-terminal peptide sequence of the PTH2 receptor and used this to study its cellular distribution. Labeling with the antibody identified a number of endocrine cells expressing the PTH2 receptor, including thyroid parafollicular cells, pancreatic islet D cells, and some gastrointestinal peptide synthesizing cells. There was complete overlap of PTH2 receptor labeling with somatostatin in pancreatic islets, and partial overlap with somatostatin in thyroid parafollicular cells and in the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, observations made previously by in situ hybridization histochemistry, including expression throughout the cardiovascular system, as well as by discrete populations of cells within the gastrointestinal tract and reproductive system were confirmed. These data suggest a broa...
Interactions of maitotoxin with voltage-sensitive calcium channels in cultured neuronal cells

Abstract The dinoflagellate toxin maitotoxin (MTX) stimulated 45Ca2+ uptake in cultured NG108-15 neuroblastoma X glioma cells. Depolarizing stimuli (e.g., 50 mM K+) produced an immediate stimulation in Ca2+ uptake, whereas that produced by MTX occurred only after a lag period of about 2 min. MTX did not stimulate Ca2+ uptake into fibroblasts. Both 50 mM K+- and MTX-stimulated Ca2+ uptake was blocked by organic calcium channel antagonists (nitrendipine, D-600, diltiazem) at very low concentrations. Cd2+ was also a potent blocker. The novel dihydropyridine BAY K8644 enhanced Ca2+ uptake in the presence of 50 mM K+ but had no effect in 5 mM Ca2+. However, in the presence of MTX, BAY K8644 stimulated Ca2+ uptake in 5 mM K+. The effects of MTX were not blocked by tetrodotoxin but were decreased in Na+-free medium. MTX did not stimulate Na+ uptake into NG108-15 cells and did not alter [3H]nitrendipine binding to rat brain cortical synaptosomes. It is concluded that MTX may alter the voltage dependence of calcium-channel activation.
Experimental buckling of cylindrical composite panels with eccentrically located circular delaminations

An experimental investigation is carried out on the effects of circular delaminations (2, 3, and 4 in. in diameter) considering the buckling of Gr/Ep cylindrical panels. The results indicate a local instability within the delamination area followed by global panel buckling. The phenomenon of local instability (snap-through) varies with the delamination size.
Does rent control cause homelessness? taking the claim seriously

.2; _ __ Institute of . I University of Business and California, ‘ I Economic Research Berkeley CENTER FOR REAL ESTATE AND URBAN ECONOMICS WORKING PAPER SERIES WORKING PAPER NO. 89-167 DOES RENT CONTROL CAUSE HOMELESSNESS? TAKING THE CLAIM SERIOUSLY _ BY JOHN M. Qu IGLEY These papers are preliminary in nature: their purpose I5 to stimulate di snon and comment. Ther re. they , are not to be cited or ed ‘ ny publication with ex 5 permission of the am . GRADUATE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Invasive carcinoma with acinic cell-like features of the breast.

however, as the eye lies within the orbit which is a closed anatomical funnel, symptoms can include exopthalmos or globe displacement. Acute exacerbations, such as pain and exopthalmos can effectively be treated with radiotherapy or systemic treatment which leads to symptomatic improvement, as was the case in this patient. She successfully tolerated six cycles of single-agent Epirubicin followed by Letrozole. The orbital lesion completely resolved with this treatment (Fig. 3). Forty-four months on she has had one peritoneal relapse successfully treated with second-line chemotherapy and remains stable and well.
Preoperative Moderate to Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation Does Not Affect Outcomes Following Placement of Continuous Flow LVADs

Purpose In patients undergoing LVAD implantation, preoperative tricuspid valve (TV) regurgitation (TR) may lead to prolonged hospital stay, early mortality and post-operative RV dysfunction necessitating RVAD implantation. However, the impact of preoperative TR on postoperative morbidity and mortality is unknown, and the decision to operate for TR is controversial. Methods and Materials Between June 2005 and June 2012, 209 patients underwent implantation of continuous flow, implantable LVADs without concomitant TV repair. TR was Absent/Trivial or Mild in 57.9% (n=121, Group 1) and moderate/severe in 42.1% (n=88, Group 2). Outcomes were compared between groups using prospectively collected data from our institutional STS database. Results Heartmate II LVADs were placed in 76.1% of patients. Groups 1 and 2 had similar percentages of patients who received an LVAD as bridge to transplant (66.9% vs. 75.3%) and destination therapy (32.2% vs. 28.4%). Preoperative moderate to severe impairment of the RVEF was seen more commonly in Group 2 (43.3% vs. 62.7%, p=0.014), but this did not result in a higher rate of subsequent RVAD insertion (5.8% vs. 5.7%, p=1.00). No differences were seen with respect to either 30-day (6.6% vs. 10.2%, p=0.44) or overall (31.4% vs. 36.4%, p=0.46) mortality. Postoperative renal failure, ICU length of stay and hospital length of stay was similar in both groups as well. [ figure 1 ] Conclusions Preoperative evaluation of the severity of TR does not impact short term outcomes or RV morbidity and mortality, and it does not predict which patients would benefit from biventricular support. Further data regarding the long term effects of TR and the effect of TV repair or replacement are needed.
A Self-Calibrating Sub-Picosecond Resolution Digital-to-Time Converter

A novel self-calibrating high-resolution digital-to-time converter (DTC) achieves 1024 individual phase states with a resolution of 0.5 ps. The phase interpolation is done in steps, by using a cascade of coarse active delay locked line and a passive programmable fine delay. The DTC is capable of self-calibration by using an integrated dual mixer time domain (DMTD) circuit to overcome device mismatch and process variations. The DTC is constructed using 90 nm standard digital CMOS technology at 1 GHz RF frequency. Future improvements are expected to increase the resolution to 0.1 ps and below.
Equity‐for‐Debt Exchange Offers: Theory, Practice, and Evidence

Studies of investor responses to exchange offer (EO) announcements find a positive relation between abnormal returns and the proposed change in leverage: a result consistent with the performance signaling hypothesis. In this study of equity-for-debt EO announcements, shareholder wealth declines and the relation between Tobin's Q and announcement effects is consistent with the free cash flow hypothesis. There is no pattern of contemporaneous and subsequent performance of EO firms that systematically supports the signaling, income smoothing, or free cash flow hypotheses. We infer that EOs are motivated by sinking fund considerations, rather than signaling or compensation motives.
Enhancement of Synaptic Efficacy by Presynaptic GABAB Receptors

Abstract Activation of presynaptic inhibitory receptors or high-frequency synaptic stimulation normally inhibits excitatory synaptic transmission by reducing transmitter release. We have explored the interactions between these two pathways for reducing synaptic strength and found that for synapses stimulated at high rates, agonists of the GABA B receptor become excitatory and strengthen transmission. At an auditory glutamatergic synapse featuring strong synaptic depression, the GABA B agonist baclofen reduced by 90% postsynaptic currents elicited at low frequency. By contrast, synaptic currents elicited at high frequencies were 5-fold larger in baclofen and had a markedly increased likelihood of firing well-timed postsynaptic action potentials. Presynaptic GABA B receptors may thus regulate transmitter release to enable sustained transmission at higher stimulus frequencies, thereby extending the dynamic range of neural circuits.
Calculating the explosion energy of a boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion using exergy analysis

Following the work of Crowl on calculating the energy of explosions using exergy (thermodynamic availability), we examine the explosion energy of boiling liquid expanding vapor explosions (BLEVEs). A number of investigators have proposed schemes for calculating the maximum work that a BLEVE can perform on its surroundings. Their proposed evaluation schemes yield varying results because they depend significantly on the precise specification of the thermodynamic path taken by the vaporizing, expanding mass. We demonstrate how to evaluate the maximum theoretical work associated with a BLEVE as a function of the fluid's thermodynamic properties and its equation of state. Finally, we give numerical examples to compare the availability of a BLEVE with some of the proposed schemes suggested by others. The advantage of using exergy analysis to evaluate the maximum work of a BLEVE is based on the rigorous and unambiguous definition for exergy. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2012
Automated measurements of cerebral atrophy in multiple sclerosis

An automated method of measuring cerebral atrophy is introduced. Using this method we studied patients with multiple sclerosis and a control group showing premature cerebral atrophy in multiple sclerosis (P = 1,32 × 10−8 for male and P = 3,6 × 10−14 for female). There was only a weak correlation between cerebral atrophy and psychological deficits. Multivariate analysis did not show any significant correlation between cerebral atrophy, duration of disease, clinical manifestations and progression of disease. We conclude that our method to measure cerebral atrophy is more accurate and less time-consuming than the use of linear indices. It might be appropriate for further investigations in evaluating atrophic processes in cerebro-vascular, degenerative and exogen-toxic disease of brain.
Formation of a stable quinone methide during tyrosinase-catalyzed oxidation of α-methyl dopa methyl ester and its implication in melanin biosynthesis

Abstract Mushroom tyrosinase-catalyzed oxidation of α-methyl dopa methyl ester resulted in the formation of “iminochrome” similar to the well-known dopa-dopachrome conversion. At pH 5, the iminochrome formed was found to be stable and accumulated in the reaction mixture. However, when the reaction was carried out under near neutral and slightly alkaline conditions, the iminochrome formed readily tautomerized into a quinone methide isomer, which accumulated in the reaction mixture. The structure of the quinone methide formed was established by ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy and cochromatography with a synthetic sample. These results demonstrate the facile generation of quinone methide from imunochrome under physiological conditions and strongly support the possible occurrence of a similar reaction during melanogenesis.
Atlas supplement to the 1972 County and City Data Book

A series of maps presenting the spatial distribution of the tabular data from the 1972 County and City Data Book is discussed. Using an automated mapping procedure developed on a minicomputer by two non-computer scientists, 196 choropleth maps of county-level data for the State of Washington were prepared. The maps provide governmental decision-makers and planners a means to quickly comprehend patterns in the data that are not readily noticeable in the tabular presentation of the data.
Stress and the Life Satisfaction of Black Social Workers

T his article reports on a study of the stress, life satisfaction, and social support experienced by 84 black social workers. It was found that the younger workers with BSW degrees, who were in direct service positions had greater stress than did the older social workers, who had higher degrees and were in teaching and administrative positions. Furthermore, those with higher education and higher incomes were more satisfied with life. Although marital status did not affect the subjects' overall life satisfaction, those who had supportive husbands reported lower levels of stress. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Induction of ferritin and lipid peroxidation by coal samples with different prevalence of coal workers' pneumoconiosis: Role of iron in the coals

Background Differences in levels of bioavailable iron (BAI) in coal may be responsible for the observed regional differences in the prevalence and severity of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP). Methods Twenty-nine coal samples from three coal mine regions were tested in human lung epithelial Type II A549 cells. They were from Utah (UT), West Virginia (WV), and Pennsylvania (PA) with a prevalence of CWP of 4, 10, and 26%, respectively. Results Low molecular weight (LMW) chelators bound iron, a fraction of BAI in the cells released from coals, ferritin, and lipid peroxidation were significantly higher in cells treated with various coals than in control cells, with an increasing order of UT < WV < PA, in parallel to the prevalence of CWP in these coal mine regions. Deferoxamine (DFO), a specific iron chelator, was used to distinguish effects of BAI from those of other transition metals. Our results indicate that BAI in the coals of WV and UT is the main metal species in inducing ferritin and lipid peroxidation. In contrast, biological effects of PA coals are not only from BAI, but from other transition metals as well. Conclusions Based on a large number of coal samples from various seams, the findings of this study provide further evidence that metals, particularly iron, play important roles in coal dust-induced cellular damage, ultimately leading to the development of CWP and contributing to the regional differences in the prevalence of the disease. Am. J. Ind. Med. 42:171–179, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Flow Boiling and Pressure Drop in Parallel Flow Microchannels

The use of microchannels for advanced heat transfer applications has quickly become commonplace. They are found in automotive applications, fuel cells, and even electronics cooling. However, there are fundamental issues still unresolved with heat transfer and fluid mechanics and the application of microchannels. Researchers have reported microchannel data using very different hydraulic diameters, sometimes as much as 2 orders of magnitude. An experimental investigation of the heat transfer, pressure drop, and flow boiling in microchannels is performed. A new channel size classification has been developed based upon the manufacturing techniques as well as the underlying fluid mechanics and heat transfer theory. Six parallel channels with a hydraulic diameter of 207 micrometers is manufactured and tested. Flow boiling patterns have been observed in the channels. Observations suggest that the conventional flow boiling patterns also occur in microchannels. This suggests that there is no difference in the theory used for conventional channels. Therefore, a microchannel can be model in the conventional manor. Heat fluxes of up to 930 kW/m2 have been maintained in the microchannel. The local heat transfer coefficient and quality has been measured. The largest heat transfer coefficient achieved is 192 kW/m2 K. In addition, the highest quality achieved is 1.0. Dry-out was also observed during experimentation.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Thermodynamic Viability of Hydrogen Atom Transfer from Water Coordinated to the Oxygen-Evolving Complex of Photosystem II

Critical to any evaluation of the role of proton transfer in S-state advancement is understanding of proton-coupled electron transfer effects in model manganese complexes in high oxidation states. In an initial attempt to address this hypothesis through biologically relevant model complexes, our group has recently measured the homolytic bond dissociation energy (BDE{sub OH}) for a bridging hydroxide ligand in Mn{sup III}Mn{sup IV}({mu}-O, {mu}-OH)(salpn){sub 2} dimers (salpn = 1,3-bis(salicylideneamino)propane) to be 77-({+-}3) kcal/mol. The data presented here show that the BDE{sub OH} for water directly bound to a higher-valent Mn complex is dramatically less than that for a simple bulk water. The most recent data on the structure and function of Y{sub z}{center_dot} combined with the model studies reported here make a circumstantial though compelling case for hydrogen atom transfer from a ligated water to Y{sub z}{center_dot} as the mechanism for the stepwise cluster oxidation in the OEC. 16 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs.