cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Expression of blood-group-related antigens in carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder

Expression of epithelial ABH blood group antigens and the T (Thomsen-Friedenreich)-antigen was quantitatively studied by immunoperoxidase techniques in nine cystectomy specimens containing extensive carcinoma in situ (CIS), and also histologically benign epithelium. CIS areas typically showed abnormal expression of both ABH and T-antigens and a distinctive vascular architecture, revealed by endothelial ABH staining. Histologically normal epithelium generally was antigenically normal, but occasionally showed abnormalities of either ABH or T-antigens. Antigen expression was variable in histologically atypical epithelium, with significant segments showing abnormalities of either ABH or T-antigen, and sometimes of both antigenic markers. It is postulated that histologically benign, but antigenically abnormal, epithelium may represent low-grade CIS of the urinary bladder. Assessment of blood-group-related antigen expression in flat atypical epithelium of the urinary bladder may be useful for predicting the biologic potential of these lesions.
The safety of orotracheal intubation in patients with unstable cervical spine fracture or high spinal cord injury.

Abstract Background : The potential merits and dangers of orotracheal and nasotracheal intubation in patients with injury to the cervical spine or spinal cord continue to be debated. To address this issue, a prospective study was conducted at a level 1 trauma center in patients with respiratory embarrassment and either or both of these injuries. Materials and methods : Over a 7-year period, all such patients underwent neurologic examination by a trauma surgeon on arrival at the trauma center, immediately after endotracheal intubation, and at frequent intervals throughout hospitalization. Cervical immobilization was maintained manually during endotracheal intubation. When necessary, patients were sedated or paralyzed with short-acting pharmacologic agents. Results : During the study period, there were 81 patients with 98 cervical vertebral body fractures, but without evidence of spinal cord injury on initial examination. Sixty-seven patients (83%) were legally intoxicated, and 12 patients had closed head injury. Endotracheal intubation was performed in 26 patients with unstable fractures, and 22 patients were intubated via the oral route. No patient manifested a subsequent neurologic deficit. Sixty-nine additional patients presented with high spinal cord injury; 16 had no cervical spine fracture, and 53 patients had 61 fractures of the cervical vertebrae. Sixty patients (87%) were intoxicated, and 8 patients had closed head injury. Endotracheal intubation was performed in 29 of these patients, and 26 patients were intubated via the oral route. No patient experienced further neurologic deficit following endotracheal intubation. Conclusion : In trauma victims with or at high risk of cervical spinal cord injury, orotracheal intubation is a rapid, safe means of achleving airway control.
Three-Dimensional Diffusion Tensor Microscopy of Fixed Mouse Hearts

The relative utility of 3D, microscopic resolution assessments of fixed mouse myocardial structure via diffusion tensor imaging is demonstrated in this study. Isotropic 100-m resolution fiber orientation mapping within 5.5° accuracy was achieved in 9.1 hr scan time. Preliminary characterization of the diffusion tensor primary eigenvector reveals a smooth and largely linear angular rotation across the left ventricular wall. Moreover, a higher level of structural hierarchy is evident from the organized secondary and tertiary eigenvector fields. These findings are consistent with the known myocardial fiber and laminar structures reported in the literature and suggest an essential role of diffusion tensor microscopy in developing quantitative atlases for studying the structure–function relationships of mouse hearts. Magn Reson Med 52:453– 460, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The properties of YBa2Cu3O7 superconductors sintered from the powder mixture of Y2O3, BaO2, and Cu2O

Abstract A new method of making high-temperature YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 superconductors was developed using mixed powders of Y 2 O 3 , BaO 2 , and Cu 2 O. Compared to the standard powder method, which employs Y 2 O 3 , BaCO 3 , and CuO as the starting materials, this new technique was more direct and efficient since no decomposition of carbonate is involved and no prolonged oxygen annealing step is required. Superconductors were sintered under air and oxygen atmospheres by either a two-step or a one-step process. All samples were superconductive at liquid-nitrogen temperatures. The samples prepared by the new method were more stable with respect to water than those prepared by the standard powder method, as demonstrated in the following test results: 1. (1) submersion of the superconductor powder in water at room temperature for 72 h caused no significant effect on the sample. 2. (2) exposure of a bulk sample to a 75°C, 85% relative-humidity condition for 60 min increased the room-temperature electrical resistance by only 2%.
Platinum Black Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Based Electrodes Revisited

This study focuses on the fabrication and performance testing of unsupported platinum black electrodes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Experiments with platinum black coated diffusion media of varying anode and cathode catalyst loadings with H 2 /air demonstrate successful performance and stability characteristics for anode catalyst loadings down to 0.25 mg/cm 2 while operating on pure H 2 and 0.62 mg/cm 2 cathode catalyst loadings, without significant voltage losses. The voltage losses as a result of reducing the platinum black cathode catalyst loadings from 2.6 to 0.62 mg/cm 2 are consistent with kinetic losses associated with the oxygen reduction reaction and lower electrocatalyst utilization. The study also highlights the durability and stability characteristics of these unsupported electrodes under extreme operating conditions. Optimization of the three-phase interface, namely electrode, electrolyte, and reactant gas, is shown to be dependent on the efficacy of the membrane-catalyst layer interface.
Facial trauma and the risk of intracranial injury in motorcycle riders

Abstract Study objective: We describe the associations among facial fracture, helmet use, skull fracture, and traumatic brain injury in injured motorcycle riders. Methods: The study population consisted of 5,790 motorcycle riders who sustained an injury from a crash in 1991, 1992, or 1993 and were identified from emergency department or hospital records in 28 hospitals in 11 California counties. Diagnostic information was abstracted from ED or hospital records and coded to the 1990 Abbreviated Injury Scale. The risk of traumatic brain injury was examined by using odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations among helmet use, skull fracture, facial fracture, and traumatic brain injury. Results: Facial injury was diagnosed in 24.4% of all injured riders, including 411 with one or more facial fractures. The odds of traumatic brain injury were 3.5 times greater with than without a facial injury and 6.5 times greater with a facial fracture than with no facial injury. Significantly increased odds of traumatic brain injury were observed for fracture of all bones of the face, but the highest odds of traumatic brain injury were found in riders with fractures to bones of the upper face. Helmet use status and the presence of skull fracture were found to be significant effect modifiers. Facial fracture with concurrent skull fracture increased the risk of traumatic brain injury dramatically. Facial fractures are more strongly associated with traumatic brain injury in helmeted riders. Conclusion: The presence of facial fractures increases the risk of traumatic brain injury. Riders with facial fractures should be screened for brain injury, regardless of helmet use status. [ Ann Emerg Med. 2003;41:18-26.]
A Comparison of plotting rules under L1 and L2 estimation of the Weibull scale and shape parameters in situations of small samples with possible censoring and outliers

Certain biomedical applications of the Weibull distribution (e.g. time-to-relapse data of alcoholics) involve graphical estimation of the Weibull scale and shape parameters in small samples with possible outliers and potential censoring. This paper describes and compares the performance of six plotting conventions using least absolute deviation (L1) and least squares (L2) regression methods under conditions of small sample size, censoring, and outliers. A series of simulation experiments indicate that in small samples (N = 10), L2 regression methods are superior in all ten situations of censoring and contamination. When sample the size is small, the Bain and Antle plotting method is consistently the best choice in the absence of censoring, whereas the Kaplan-Meier plotting rule is consistently good when data are censored. For moderate size samples (N = 20), there is no clear relationship between L1 superiority with level and type of contamination. Further, the choice of plotting convention varies when dat...
THREE DIMENSIONAL SURFACE REPRESENTATION OF KNEE AND HIP JOINT TORQUE CAPABILITY

The need to develop objective functional muscle torque capability models has been a major concern for exercise scientists, rehabilitation therapists, as well as biomechanists and ergonomists, for many decades. This study provides a surface response normative database of 3-D dynamic torque capability profiles for the lower extremity knee and hip joints for twenty normal males and females. The results of the regression analyses were presented for each subject per direction of exertion for each joint depicting a wide range of adjusted R2 values for each of the two joints (knee flexion: .26-.91, knee extension: .23-.80; hip flexion: .33-81, hip extension: .31-.80). Furthermore, the results showed that joint torque capability was significantly influenced by dynamic parameters such as the angular velocity, and that the interaction between angular position and velocity was highly significant. Such 3-D representation may be used as a "performance capacity envelope" to comprehensively characterize an individual's dynamic joint torque capability. Potential applications cover a broad spectrum ranging from rehabilitation to ergonomic and biomechanical applications and have significant implications in terms of guiding job assignment, return to work, as well as prognosis during the rehabilitation processes.
Energy-gap and electron-affinity contractions and their importance in bipolar device simulators

Simulations using bipolar device simulators show that moderate injection can exist in heavily doped portions of a transistor base and that very high injection can exist throughout a current-extended or pushed out part of a quasineutral base layer of a high-speed digital device. Physical models now in bipolar device simulators neglect the dependence of the effective intrinsic density and the corresponding effective energy-gap contraction on high concentrations of mobile electrons and holes. Further they assume that the conduction-band and valence-band shifts are equal in magnitude and thus equal to half of the magnitude of the generalized electron-affinity contraction. New results from experiment and theory demonstrate the incompleteness of these physical models, and the engineering significance of this incompleteness is assessed. >
Synthesis of pentafluorophenyl esters from acid fluorides and potassium pentafluorophenoxide

Abstract The reaction of potassium pentafluorophenoxide with acid fluorides has been investigated and found to yield pentafluorophenyl esters. The compounds CH 3 C(O)OC 6 F 5 , CF 3 C(O)OC 6 F 5 , CF(O)OC 6 F 5 , CF 3 OOC(O)OC 6 F 5 , and (C 6 F 5 O) 2 CO have been prepared. Physical and spectral data for each compound are reported.
A Critical Assessment of the Traditional Residential Real Estate Broker Commission Rate Structure (Abridged)

Competitive pressures ordinarily force providers’ prices to reflect their cost structures. Standard, traditional real estate broker commissions, however, are strangely unrelated to either the quality of the service rendered or the value provided. This article analyzes five separate elements of the traditional residential real estate broker rate structure and reveals why the traditional percentage-of-sale-price fee formula does not serve the interests of home buyers and sellers. The article concludes by suggesting four short questions that home buyers and sellers should be encouraged to ask about broker fees and services. These should help brokers offering the flat or hourly fees and performancebased bonuses, which best serve consumers, to overcome the anticompetitive obstacles that traditional brokers have maintained to protect themselves. The author would like to thank Aaron Bennett, Peter Bingham, Norm Hawker, Maureen Glasheen, Philip Henderson, James Hsu, Barry Miller, Carolina Nadel, Eugene Nadel, Pat Rioux, Bill Wendel, Larry White, Patrick Woodall, and participants at a January 2006 FTC Bureau of Economics seminar for their helpful comments on earlier drafts. This Article constitutes an abridged version of Mark Nadel’s paper on “A Critical Assessment of the Traditional Residential Real Estate Broker Commission Rate Structure” which is published in its entirety on the CRER website (www.crer.realestate.cornell.edu).
Variation in levels of luteinizing hormone and reproductive photoresponsiveness in a population of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus)

Natural genetic variation in reproduction and life history strategies is a manifestation of variation in underlying regulatory neuronal and endocrine systems. A test of the hypothesis that genetic variation in luteinizing hormone (LH) level could be related to a life history trait, seasonal reproduction, was conducted on artificial selection lines from a wild-source population of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus). Variation exists in the degree of suppression of reproduction by winter short-day photoperiods (SD) in wild-source individuals and in the laboratory population. In this population, most individuals from a photoperiod-responsive (R) artificial selection line are strongly suppressed reproductively in SD, while most individuals from a photoperiod-nonresponsive (NR) artificial selection line are only weakly reproductively suppressed in SD. We assayed levels of LH to test for genetic variation between lines that could contribute to variation in reproductive status in SD. Females from both lines were raised in long-day photoperiods (LD) or SD, ovariectomized under isoflurane anesthesia, and given estradiol implants. Levels of LH were significantly higher in the NR line than in the R line, indicating genetic variation for levels of LH. Levels of LH were higher in LD than in SD, indicating that levels of LH were sensitive to photoperiod treatment even with a controlled level of estradiol negative feedback. The results indicate that there is genetic variation in levels of LH that could be functionally important both in the laboratory in SD and in the wild population in winter. Thus genetic variation in levels of LH is a plausible causal factor determining winter reproductive phenotype in the wild population.
Failure of GM1 ganglioside to influence outcome in experimental focal ischemia.

Reports of improved short-term (less than 72 hours) outcome in experimental models of mechanical and ischemic central nervous system injury suggest that exogenous ganglioside administration may confer a protective effect on neural tissue. We studied the effect of the monosialoganglioside GM1 on cerebral infarction and edema in spontaneously hypertensive rats subjected to permanent focal cerebral ischemia.GM1 or normal saline was injected intramuscularly once a day for 3 days before and 30 and 120 minutes after occlusion of the right middle and common carotid arteries. Following a 24-hour survival period, the volume of infarction was measured by computer-assisted image analysis, and the extent of edema was assessed by measurements of tissue water content and hemispheric volume.Infarct volume was similar among the GM1-treated (n = 10) and saline-treated (n = 10) rats (212 +/- 10 versus 220 +/- 13 microliters, respectively). In a second series of experiments, the brain water content and edema volume of the i...
Identification and Management of Behavioral/Mental Health Problems in Primary Care Pediatrics Perceived Strengths, Challenges, and New Delivery Models

This study describes the experiences of and barriers for pediatricians in Kentucky in providing behavioral/mental health (B-MH) services in primary care settings. These data will serve as a foundation for improving service delivery. An online survey was completed by 70 pediatricians. Descriptive data are presented. More than 90% of the respondents said that they saw at least one patient a month with 1 of 10 specific B-MH diagnoses. Physicians’ comfort with diagnosing and treating disorders varied widely by diagnosis, age-group, and drug classification. Major barriers to providing optimal care were inaccessibility of mental health professionals for consultation and referral, lack of communication, and lack of knowledge. Respondents were more likely to favor consultation and co-location models over an integration model of care delivery. Overall, the authors found that pediatricians are dealing with patients with B-MH problems for which they may not have been adequately trained. Communication and collaborati...
Chongqing's Most Wanted: Worker Mobility and Resistance in China's Nationalist Arsenals, 1937–1945

Historians of the Sino-Japanese War (1937–45) have concentrated on rural China to explain how the Communists mobilized the peasantry as a revolutionary force. Although clarifying the CCP's ascension to power in 1949, this focus has impeded our understanding of social change and conflict in the Nationalist controlled territories, especially the wartime capital of Chongqing. Thus, it is difficult to understand how the Nationalists exacerbated the alienation of urban social groups during the 1940s or how the CCP began to find consensus in the cities after 1946. Even standard explanations for the Nationalist collapse—government factionalism, hyperinflation, military blunders, and malfeasance—with their focus on government elites and institutions have rendered invisible the role of social classes as agents of historical change. The few studies of wartime labor have instead emphasized the patriotic contributions of workers and their relative passivity under the four-class bloc envisioned by the united front.
Specialists versus generalists in the era of pay for performance: "a plague o' both your houses!".

The focus on comparisons of specialists and generalists is misguided—good diabetes care depends upon a team
Calcification of the stylohyoid ligament.

Abstract Calcification of the stylohyoid ligament is a very common phenomenon. The development, function, and course of the styloid process and stylohyoid ligament are discussed. References are cited from the literature regarding calcification and aberrant course of the ligament, leading to faulty diagnosis and treatment of suspected conditions. Radiographic views of four different patients are presented to illustrate their value in the discovery and definitive localization of the calcified ligament.
Characteristic motor development of children with learning disabilities.

This study attempted to determine whether children classified as learning disabled also demonstrate specific or general motoric dysfunction characteristics which can be identified early. The Lincoln-Oseretsky Motor Development Scale was administered to 28 children aged 5.1 to 13.6 who were referred to the University of Kansas Perceptual Motor Clinic. The findings support Ayres' conclusion that children evidencing perceptual-motor dysfunction also demonstrate static balance problems.
Enhanced laser performance of cholesteric liquid crystals doped with oligofluorene dye

We propose a new highly efficient organic dye, oligofluorene, which has great potential for lasing in cholesteric monomeric and glassy liquid crystal oligomers. We perform a detailed comparative experimental study of the laser characteristics of monomeric cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) doped with oligofluorene and a well-studied dye, 4-(dicyanomethylene)-Z-methyl-6-(4-dimethylaminostryl)-4H-pyran (DCM), commonly used for lasing in CLCs. Oligofluorene-doped CLCs yield a total output energy in the transverse single-mode regime five times that of DCM-doped CLCs with superior temporal and spatial stability.
NorMaL: Non-compact Markovian Likelihood for change detection

This paper presents a new normalcy model of a scene for change detection using images taken from multiple views and varying illumination conditions. Each coregistered pixel site is statistically modeled by a probability distribution conditioned on a set of pixels in a non-local neighborhood that are less likely to be affected by a change that happens at the pixel of interest. These ldquonon-compact neighborsrdquo are located using information theoretic approaches. The associated change detection algorithm is called non-compact Markovian Likelihood (NorMaL), which predicts normalcy of a scene based on non-compact neighborhoods using non-parametric conditional density estimation.
Comparing the importance of disease rate versus practice style variations in explaining differences in small area hospitalization rates for two respiratory conditions

Many studies have reported large variations in age- and sex-adjusted rates of hospitalizations across small geographic areas. These variations have often been attributed to differences in medical practice style which are not reflected in differences in health care outcomes. There is, however, another potentially important source of variation that has not been examined much in the literature: geographic differences in the age–sex adjusted size of the pool of patients who present with the disease and are candidates for hospitalization. Previous studies of small area variations in hospitalization rates have only used data on hospitalizations. Thus, it has not been possible to distinguish the extent to which differences in hospitalization rates are due to (i) differences in the chance that patients diagnosed with a disease are admitted to a hospital, which we refer to as the ‘practice style effect,’ versus (ii) geographic differences in the total amount of diagnosed disease, which we refer to as the ‘disease effect.’ Elementary methods for estimating the relative strength of the two effects directly from the data can be misleading, since equal amounts of variability in each effect result in unequal impacts on hospitalization rates. In this paper we describe a model-based approach for estimating the relative importance of the practice style effect and the disease effect in explaining variations in hospitalization rates. The key to our approach is the use of data on both inpatient and outpatient visits. We use 1997 Medicare data for two respiratory medical conditions across 71 small areas in Massachusetts: chronic bronchitis and emphysema, and bacterial pneumonia. Based on a Poisson model for the process generating hospitalizations and outpatient visits, we use a Bayesian framework and Gibbs sampling to compute and compare the correlation between the number of people hospitalized and each of these two sources of variation. Our results show that for the two conditions, disease rate variation explains at least as much of the variation in hospitalization rates as does practice style variation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Status of construction and first tests of the CLEO III RICH

The CLEO collaboration is preparing a major upgrade of its present detector including a RICH detector for particle identification. This subdetector system follows the "proximity focussing" design and uses Lithium Fluoride (LiF) crystal radiators and MWPCs as photon detectors. These chambers are filled with a CH/sub 4//TEA gas mixture and have a Calcium Fluoride (CaF/sub 2/) crystal photon entrance window. Part of the radiator crystals will have the new "sawtooth" geometry. We have constructed two of the 30 detector modules and tested these together with the first planar and "sawtooth" radiator crystals in a muon halo beam at Fermilab. For the measurement of the Cherenkov angle we obtain a single photon measurement error of 13.5 mrad for the conventional planar radiator. With 14 detected photons we find a resolution per track of 4.5 mrad. In the first measurement ever of a "sawtooth" radiator we achieve a resolution of 11.8 mrad for single photons and 4.8 mrad per track for 12.3 detected photons with a reduced geometric acceptance. These results fulfil CLEO III requirements.
Characteristics of farm equipment-related crashes associated with injury in children and adolescents on farm equipment

PURPOSE: Operating or riding on farm equipment is one of the leading causes of farm-related injuries and fatalities among children and adolescents. The aim of this study is to examine environment, crash, vehicle, and occupant characteristics and the probability of injury, given a crash, in youth under age 18 on farm equipment. METHOD: Data from the Departments of Transportation on farm equipment-related crashes across 9 Midwestern states from 2005-2010 were used. Odds ratios were calculated using logistic regression to assess the relationship between environment, crash, vehicle, and occupant characteristics and the probability of injury, given a crash. FINDINGS: A total of 434 farm equipment-related crashes involved 505 child or adolescent occupants on farm equipment: 198 passengers and 307 operators. Passengers of farm equipment had 4.1 higher odds of injury than operators. Occupants who used restraints had significantly lower odds of injury than those who did not. Furthermore, occupants on farm equipment that was rear-ended or sideswiped had significantly lower odds of injury compared to occupants on farm equipment involved in noncollision crashes. Likewise, occupants on farm equipment that was impacted while turning had significantly lower odds of injury compared to those on equipment that was impacted while moving straight. CONCLUSION: Precautions should be taken to limit or restrict youth from riding on or operating farm equipment. These findings reiterate the need to enforce policies that improve safety measures for youth involved in or exposed to agricultural tasks. Language: en
Nanoindentation of Zr by molecular dynamics simulation

Abstract Molecular dynamics simulations of nanoindentation are used to study the deformation behaviors of single crystal Zr for four different surface orientations. The comparison of results for two different potentials, an embedded atom method potential and a charged optimized many body potential, reveals the influence of stable and unstable stacking fault energy on dislocation behaviors under nanoindentation. The load–displacement curve, hardness and deformation behaviors of the various surface orientations Zr are compared and the elastic and plastic deformation behaviors are analyzed.
“Flipping” a first-year medical–surgical associate degree registered nursing course: A 2-year pilot study

This study piloted a flipped learning model using podcasts and PowerPoints posted on-line before class and active learning experiences facilitated during class in a medical–surgical registered nursing course taught for 2 classes. Surveys and end-of-course evaluations obtained feedback from first-year associate degree nursing students. Overall responses in the surveys and end-of-course evaluations were positive. The flipped learning model may promote student preparation for class, allow students to apply their learning in class, and enhance student learning.
[35] (with S. Bergman) Kernel functions and conformal mapping

In this well-known and widely cited paper, the authors return to their study of the Bergman reproducing kernel \(K(z,\overline{\zeta })\) in the Hilbert space of square integrable analytic functions on a bounded plane domain B whose boundary C consists of finitely many real analytic closed curves. The kernel \(K(z,\overline{\zeta })\) becomes strongly unbounded whenever z and ζ tend to the same boundary point in C, so the standard theory of integral equations does not apply. To circumvent this difficulty, the authors consider the regularized (Hermitian) kernel \(K(z,\overline{\zeta }) - \Gamma (z,\overline{\zeta }),\) where $$\displaystyle{\Gamma (z,\overline{\zeta }) ={ \frac{1} {\pi }^{2}} \iint _{\mathbb{C}\setminus B} \frac{du\,dv} {{(w - z)}^{2}{(\overline{w} -\overline{\zeta })}^{2}}\,,\qquad w = u + iv,}$$ which is shown to be regular in the closed region B ∪ C and thus amenable to study via the classical theory.
The Division of Labor and Queen Attendance Behavior of Nosema-Infected Worker Honey Bees

Many factors may influence the division of labor of worker Apis mellifera L. in the colony. Nosema disease, Nosema apis Zander, can alter drastically the age-duty sequence. Nosema-infected bees apparently are physiologically older than healthy bees of the same age and they started guarding. foraging. dancing, and orientation flying earlier than healthy bees. Bees heavily infected with nosema (an average of 131.8×104spores per milliliter per bee) still can perform foraging duties. Nosema-infected bees that attended and/or fed the queen were statistically fewer than healthy bees. This change in feeding behavior of infected worker bees may be the result of atrophy of their hypopharyngeal glands and may contribute to the queen’s frequent escape from nosema infection.
Short-range distance measurements along the San Andreas fault system in central California, 1975 to 1979

abstract Periodic measurements of fault-crossing networks with a side length of 1 to 3 km are being made to monitor deformation across fault zones in California. The distance measurements are made with a Hewlett-Packard 3800 or 3808 electronic distance meter and have a maximum standard deviation of 5 mm. Deformation measured within networks that span the San Juan Bautista-Cholame segment of the San Andreas fault in central California yields slip rates similar to those measured across a 100- to 300-m-wide zone by repeated alinement array surveys. Fault slip rates increase from near 0 to 32 mm/yr between San Juan Bautista and Bitterwater Valley in step-like increments. From Bitterwater to Slack Canyon slip rates vary between 26 and 32 mm/yr. Slip rates decrease southwestward of Slack Canyon to 3 mm/yr at Cholame. In contrast, Geodolite measurements of deformation across a 20-km-wide zone are consistent from San Juan Bautista to Slack Canyon and imply a 32 ± 2 mm/yr slip rate. Deformation across the Calaveras fault accounts for the difference between Geodolite and near-fault slip rates between San Juan Bautista and Bear Valley, although the zone of deformation is wider than 2.5 km just south of Hollister. At Bear Valley, measurements of a short-range network crossing the Paicines fault imply a slip rate of 10 ± 3 mm/yr during the period 1976 to 1979. From Slack Canyon to Cholame, Geodolite measurements show a constant decrease in the rate of shallow slip.
Poultry Feed Ingredients for the Next Decade-A Review1

Abstract In view of the relatively minor changes in the type of feed ingredients used by the poultry industry during the last 10 to 15 yr, it is unlikely that there will be any major changes during the next decade. There are developments, however, that could result in either minor or major changes in feed ingredient usage by this industry. Successful commercialization of certain cultivars of cereal grains with nutritional changes beneficial for use in poultry feeds could result in less use of conventional corn. The demand for certain specific human foods such as oils high in Omega-3 fatty acids will make some change in the availability of feed ingredients such as canola meal, and may result in the use of other feed ingredients to increase the content of these fatty acids in poultry products. Concerns with environmental contamination by waste products from poultry production may eventually dictate changes in poultry feed formulation to increase the efficiency of dry matter utilization of the diet. This could result in the use of phytase to improve phosphorus utilization, lower protein diets with higher levels of synthetic amino acids to lower nitrogen excretion, and possibly change processing of soybean meals to lower undigestible carbohydrate content. Increased alcohol production for fuel may lead to greater quantities of fermented grain by-products for poultry feeding.
Learning Bayesian Networks with Non-Decomposable Scores

Modern approaches for optimally learning Bayesian network structures require decomposable scores. Such approaches include those based on dynamic programming and heuristic search methods. These approaches operate in a search space called the order graph, which has been investigated extensively in recent years. In this paper, we break from this tradition, and show that one can effectively learn structures using non-decomposable scores by exploring a more complex search space that leverages state-of-the-art learning systems based on order graphs. We show how the new search space can be used to learn with priors that are not structure-modular (a particular class of non-decomposable scores). We also show that it can be used to efficiently enumerate the \(k\)-best structures, in time that can be up to three orders of magnitude faster, compared to existing approaches.
Renal Revascularization in Patients with Total Occlusion of the Renal Artery

AbstractA total of 15 patients with renovascular hypertension underwent revascularization of totally occluded renal arteries. Preoperative clinical assessments suggesting renal salvageability include urographic visualization of the involved kidney, renal length greater than 9cm., filling of the distal renal arterial tree on angiography and elevated renal vein renin levels. Postoperatively, hypertension was cured or improved in 14 patients and there was 1 failure. Over-all renal function improved in 9 of 10 patients with preoperative azotemia and stabilized in the remaining 5 patients. Revascularization can be done successfully in properly selected patients with complete renal artery occlusion, with control of hypertension and reversal of renal failure.
Somatostatin receptor PET/MRI for the evaluation of neuroendocrine tumors

With the introduction of simultaneous PET/MRI scanners, concurrent acquisition of PET and MRI data is feasible, allowing for improved patient convenience and decreased radiation dose. Although PET/MRI has been used in many settings, not all cancers benefit from the combined modality. With the availability of somatostatin receptor-targeted PET tracers such as 68Ga-DOTA-TOC and 68Ga-DOTA-TATE, imaging of NET patients has refocused on targeted imaging, particularly with the development of peptide receptor radiotherapy. Nonetheless, there are many patients who continue to benefit from dedicated MR imaging, such as those with liver-predominant disease. In these patients, SSR PET/MRI is an important option for optimal imaging. Both diffusion-weighted imaging and hepatobiliary phase imaging provide improved lesion detection compared to conventional MRI and CT, and the results can effect therapeutic decisions. Additionally, the use of motion correction techniques can be used to leverage the additional PET data acquired in dedicated liver PET/MRI to remove respiratory artifacts.
Animal Models of Norovirus Infection

Abstract Noroviruses are highly prevalent, positive-sense RNA viruses that are transmitted by the fecal–oral route and infect the gastrointestinal tract of their host. Human noroviruses cause the majority of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis infections worldwide, resulting in significant morbidity, mortality, and economic losses. The study of human viruses in their native host has inherent limitations. Thus, studies in animal models are critical for gaining a greater understanding of viral pathogenesis as well as the development of vaccines and therapeutics. Here, we describe multiple models that exist to study human noroviruses in nonhuman hosts and related viruses in their native hosts. The strengths and limitations of each of these models will also be discussed. Together, knowledge gained from these different models has significantly increased our understanding of these important human pathogens.
Evolving regulatory paradigm for proarrhythmic risk assessment for new drugs.

Fourteen drugs were removed from the market worldwide because their potential to cause torsade de pointes (torsade), a potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmia. The observation that most drugs that cause torsade block the potassium channel encoded by the human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) and prolong the heart rate corrected QT interval (QTc) on the ECG, led to a focus on screening new drugs for their potential to block the hERG potassium channel and prolong QTc. This has been a successful strategy keeping torsadogenic drugs off the market, but has resulted in drugs being dropped from development, sometimes inappropriately. This is because not all drugs that block the hERG potassium channel and prolong QTc cause torsade, sometimes because they block other channels. The regulatory paradigm is evolving to improve proarrhythmic risk prediction. ECG studies can now use exposure-response modeling for assessing the effect of a drug on the QTc in small sample size first-in-human studies. Furthermore, the Comprehensive in vitro Proarrhythmia Assay (CiPA) initiative is developing and validating a new in vitro paradigm for cardiac safety evaluation of new drugs that provides a more accurate and comprehensive mechanistic-based assessment of proarrhythmic potential. Under CiPA, the prediction of proarrhythmic potential will come from in vitro ion channel assessments coupled with an in silico model of the human ventricular myocyte. The preclinical assessment will be checked with an assessment of human phase 1 ECG data to determine if there are unexpected ion channel effects in humans compared to preclinical ion channel data. While there is ongoing validation work, the heart rate corrected J-Tpeak interval is likely to be assessed under CiPA to detect inward current block in presence of hERG potassium channel block.
Guide to Selecting and Specifying Nursery Stock

Successfully planting of trees in urban areas is a difficult task. There are many things that must be done accurately, and a mistake in only one area can result in the failure of the plantation. Sites must be selected and evaluated thoroughly to determine if trees are appropriate for them, and if there is sufficient suitable soil to support their growth. Species that are adaptable to the site conditions must be selected and then located and purchased. The trees must be planted properly and maintained until established in the site. It is the objective of this chapter to define the factors that make a high-quality tree, and help urban tree managers locate and purchase high-quality trees for their communities.
Mechanisms and functions of lysosome positioning

Lysosomes have been classically considered terminal degradative organelles, but in recent years they have been found to participate in many other cellular processes, including killing of intracellular pathogens, antigen presentation, plasma membrane repair, cell adhesion and migration, tumor invasion and metastasis, apoptotic cell death, metabolic signaling and gene regulation. In addition, lysosome dysfunction has been shown to underlie not only rare lysosome storage disorders but also more common diseases, such as cancer and neurodegeneration. The involvement of lysosomes in most of these processes is now known to depend on the ability of lysosomes to move throughout the cytoplasm. Here, we review recent findings on the mechanisms that mediate the motility and positioning of lysosomes, and the importance of lysosome dynamics for cell physiology and pathology.
Does CEO ownership affect payout policy? Evidence from using CEO scaled wealth-performance sensitivity

Abstract Higher CEO ownership and cash payouts have the potential to mitigate agency conflicts associated with overinvestment of free cash flows. But empirical evidence on the effect of CEO ownership on payout policy is mixed. Previous studies, however, use CEO ownership percentage as a proxy for delta (the sensitivity of CEO wealth to stock price). Ownership percentage is known to decrease in firm size, while the likelihood of cash payouts increases with firm size. This study uses scaled wealth-performance sensitivity (Edmans et al., 2009), a proxy for CEO delta uncorrelated with firm size, to examine the effect of CEO ownership on payout policy for a sample of 6656 firm-year observations from 1995 to 2008. Our results suggest that CEO ownership has significant influence on payout policy, but that the nature of the relation depends on the prior payout history of the firm, and the level of free cash flow in the firm.
Oxylipins produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa promote biofilm formation and virulence

Oxygenated fatty acids known as oxylipins play important roles in mammals, plants and fungi. Here, the authors show that oxylipins, produced by the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, promote biofilm formation and virulence.
Interconnecting Fog computing and microgrids for greening IoT

The Internet of things (IoT) is hailed as the next big phase in the evolution of the Internet. IoT devices are rapidly proliferating, owing to widespread adoption by industries in various sectors. Unlike security and privacy concerns, the energy consumption of the IoT and its applications has received little attention by the research community. This paper explores different options for deploying energy-efficient IoT applications. Specifically, we evaluate the use of a combination of Fog computing and microgrids for reducing the energy consumption of IoT applications. First, we study the energy consumption of different types of IoT applications (such as IoT applications with differing traffic generation or computation) running from both Fog and Cloud computing. Next, we consider the role of local renewable energy provided by microgrids, and local weather forecasting, along with Fog computing. To evaluate our proposal, energy consumption modeling, practical experiments and measurements were performed. The results indicate that the type of IoT application, the availability of local renewable energy, and weather forecasting all influence how a system makes dynamic decisions in terms of saving energy.
A Comparison of Two HTO Air Sampling Techniques

Monsanto Research Corporation, a Department of Energy contractor, monitors for tritium oxide as an integral part of the routine environmental surveillance program. The glycol bubbler method has been used at Mound since 1971 instead of the silica gel collection techniques used at many other DOE facilities. With the glycol bubbler method, ethylene glycol is used to collect water vapor for the HTO analysis. Data from both methods are compared and the advantages of the glycol bubbler method are presented.
A knockout to the NFL’s reputation?: A case study of the NFL’s crisis communications strategies in response to the Ray Rice scandal

Abstract The NFL was largely criticized for its mishandling of the Ray Rice controversy in 2014. This study identifies crisis communication strategies that both followed and deviated from established research-based models. Further, the study evaluates whether and how these response strategies were mismatched with the perceived level of crisis responsibility as predicted by theory. The results of this case illustrate the consequences of mismatching crisis communications strategies with perceived crisis responsibility. This study demonstrates the need for scholars to identify and study potential buffering factors that can shield organizations from short-term consequences of a crisis. Moreover, it suggests that researchers need to better understand the cumulative effect of negative reputation and crisis history that can accrue over time.
The Team Approach in Resource Development

nual rates of growth in income, job opportunities, gross production and other factors indicative of economic progress. This continues to be the case and this situation is reflected in the great activity at the state and local levels as well as at the national level in projecting programs for development. No small portion of these efforts is the close examination given to resources and how to exploit them for greater development. The university occupies a key position and role in this vast undertaking to bring about a more acceptable rate of growth. A program for development is a complex undertaking. This fact is coming into clearer focus to all groups, and especially to those at the local level. The stimulation of economic activity is no simple job. Where there is no basis for economic activity, there is likely to be no economic expansion and growth. The one lesson which is being learned about development is that many interdependencies and interrelationships are involved in stimulating growth and directing its path. For these and other reasons, programs for development are broad based. Certainly, they deal with capital, labor, raw products, markets and many other factors. But they also have to do with education, government, social institutions, attitudes and a great variety of other segments of total community life. The art of bringing these resources together in a comprehensive, yet well-coordinated and smoothly functioning program, is one to be sought after and acquired. Many communities make the attempt but not all attain success. Those that do are moving ahead with sound development. An interesting observation is the extent to which old communities are changing and new communities are being created. One might well object to the term "new" in connection with any community. However, there are certain types of communities which have come into more prominence in recent years that are demanding much attention. These communities are basically products of the mid-20th century, and many of their characteristics relate to needs for their survival and future development. One of these "new" communities is what might be termed the ruralurban community. This community exists because of its many ruralurban interlocking relationships. It has sprung from developments which shorten the distance between people, stimulate specialization and cre-
The effect of ewe body condition at lambing on colostral immunoglobulin G concentration and lamb performance.

Body condition was scored at lambing (BCSL) on 101 mature (4 to 7 yr old) Polypay ewes and related to colostral immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration and lamb performance. Colostrum samples were collected from each ewe within 12 h of lambing and litters of more than two lambs were reduced to two within 2 h of lambing. Colostral IgG concentrations decreased rapidly with time (b = -3.28; R2 = .2132) and linear regression analysis projected that colostral IgG concentrations would diminish to zero milligrams/milliliter by 23 h postpartum. Body condition score at lambing varied from 2.5 to 3.5 and had no effect on colostral IgG concentration, which averaged 79 +/- 5.6 mg/mL, adjusted to the time of parturition. Total birth weights of lambs were higher for the oldest ewes (7 yr old), but this group had the lowest prolificacy. This age group weaned the lowest total lamb weight and number of lambs. Total weight of lambs born was not affected by BCSL. Lamb mortality from birth to weaning was 19.0% and was not affected by BCSL, sex, litter size, or breed of sire, but the older (7 yr old) ewes had greater lamb mortality. Total weight of lamb weaned was not affected by BCSL, although ewes with a BCSL of 3.0 tended ( P = .11) to wean more kilograms of lamb than ewes with a BCSL of 3.5. Ewes bred to Polypay rams weaned more total weight of lamb than those bred to Columbia rams, which was due to increased survival rate to weaning for the Polypay rams. We conclude that, within a range of 2.5 to 3.5, BCSL is not an important factor affecting the colostral IgG concentration, total weight of lamb born, lamb mortality, or total weight of lamb weaned.