cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Concomitant and Conformational Polymorphism, Conformational Isomorphism, and Phase Relationships in 4-Cyanopyridine·4,4‘-biphenol Cocrystals

The 2:1 co-crystal of 4-cyanopyridine and 4,4‘-biphenol exists in at least two polymorphic forms. Single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis of forms I and II revealed conformational differences in the 4,4‘-biphenol molecules, but O−H···N(pyridine) supramolecular heterosynthons sustain both forms, suggesting that O−H···N(pyridine) interactions are favored over competing O−H···N(cyano) interactions. These conformational polymorphs crystallize concomitantly, and conformational isomorphism is also observed in this co-crystal. Experimental conditions that induce transformations between form I and form II are described. The structural differences between form I and II are discussed in the broader context of conformational polymorphism.
Nutrient excretion by crustacean zooplankton in the deep chlorophyll layer of lake superior

We hypothesized that the resident and migrating cold-water zooplankton in Lake Superior concentrate beneath the thermocline and elevate nutrient availability via mineralization in the deep chlorophyll layer (DCL). In August 2010 and 2011, diel vertical net tows and incubation experiments were conducted in the western arm of Lake Superior to measure zooplankton distribution and excretion of dissolved nutrients. Limnocalanus macrurus showed the strongest spatial overlap with the DCL, and the broader crustacean community excreted P at 0.145 μg·mg−1·h−1 and N at 0.617 μg·mg−1·h−1 as soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and ammonia, respectively. Mysis diluviana displayed strong diel vertical migration into the DCL and excreted P at 0.013 μg·mg−1·h−1 and N at 0.116 μg·mg−1·h−1 as SRP and ammonia, respectively. Based on primary productivity estimates, the zooplankton community has the potential to meet the daily phosphorus demand by phytoplankton in the DCL during late-season stratification. Our excretion estimate...
The outcome of abstracts presented at the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology annual meetings.

The outcome of abstracts presented at the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology annual meetings
Titrating methylphenidate in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: is body mass predictive of clinical response?

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the hypothesis that gross body mass is functionally related to methylphenidate (MPH) response in children with attention deficit disorder/hyperactivity disorder (ADDH). Method Seventy-six children with ADDH received each of five counterbalanced doses of MPH (placebo, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg. 20 mg) in the context of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject (crossover) experimental design. Dependent measures included direct observations of attention, academic efficiency, and teacher ratings of behavior in the classroom. Results Dose-response profiles did not differ across children varying incrementally in body mass, nor were systematic variations in dose-response curve parameters observed across discrete groups of children differing in mean body mass. Neither did these groups differ with respect to gains from placebo at each dose. Finally, body mass failed to predict optimal dose or gains achieved at optimal dose and did not distinguish between drug responders and nonresponders. Conclusions Collectively, the findings fail to support the practice of titrating MPH on the basis of body weight in children with ADDH.
Geometric property measurement of binary images by polynomial representation

Using polynomial to represent binary images, we have developed algorithms to perform a number of standard operations. It is shown that all the morphological operations on images can be done using the polynomial approach. Further, we extend our methods to process 3D objects.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Parametric sensitivity and runaway in fixed-bed catalytic reactors

Abstract The sensitivity behavior of fixed-bed catalytic reactors is examined using a heterogeneous one-dimensional plug-flow model, for the case of n-th order irreversible reactions. A novel sensitivity criterion, based on the occurrence of a maximum in the value of the normalized sensitivity of the particle temperature with respect to any of the input parameters of the model, is developed. The intrinsic nature of the proposed criterion allows the definition of a generalized sensitivity region of reactor behavior in the relevant parameter space. The boundaries of the sensitivity region for various values of the involved physicochemical parameters are reported. These are found to be in good agreement with those previously calculated using the classical geometrical criterion, based on the occurrence of a positive second-order derivative, before the hot-spot, in the particle temperature vs. conversion profile. The importance of transport limitations on the sensitivity behavior of catalytic reactors is confirmed by comparison with experimental data available in the literature.
Harry R. Allcock – A True Pioneer in the Field of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers

Selected highlights of the career of Professor Harry R. Allcock are presented. The theme of the interplay of fundamental and applied chemistry, a hallmark of Dr. Allcock’s research program, is exemplified by discussions of the mechanistic and synthetic studies of phosphazene polymerization followed by applications in the areas of biomedical materials and solid state conductivity.
Hyperfine interaction with polarized atomic environment — The nuclear tilted-foil experiment

The nuclear tilted-foil experimental field has matured from the early time-integral measurements to the current multifoil time-differential precession and polarization configurations, leading to a wide range of measurements-magnetic moments, quadrupole moments and parity-non-conservation. The physical basis of these experiments will be discussed and experimental results will be reviewed.
Sublethal, whole-body ionizing irradiation can be tumor promotive or tumor destructive depending on the stage of development of underlying antitumor immunity.

It was shown that sublethal (500 rads), whole-body γ-irradiation of mice bearing an established i.d. immunogenic tumor can result, after several days delay, in complete tumor regression and long-term survival, but only if radiation is given after the tumor is established and growing progressively. Exposing mice to the same dose of radiation several hours after tumor cells were implanted resulted, in contrast, in enhanced growth of the primary tumor and in earlier death from systemic disease. Irradiation-induced tumor regression failed to occur in mice that were incapable of generating antitumor immunity, because of having been made T cell deficient by thymectomy and irradiation. Again, irradiation-induced tumor regression could be blocked by infusion of spleen cells from donor mice bearing a well-established tumor. These and previously published results support the view that sublethal, whole-body ionizing irradiation causes tumor regression by preferentially destroying radiosensitive suppressor T cells, thereby enabling the host to generate a therapeutic level of concomitant immunity. It is suggested that the preferential destruction of suppressor cells by irradiation depends on the acquisition, during immunologic induction, of radioresistance by antigen-activated effector T cells, and that this is the reason irradiation causes regression only of established tumors. Not all tumors tested were immunogenic enough to undergo regression in response to γ-irradiation.
Potential parasite-induced mortality in age-0 bluegills in a floodplain pond of the lower Mississippi river

Abstract We assessed seasonal variations in endoparasite intensity (number per host) for six 1986 cohorts of age-0 bluegill Lepomis macrochirus collected from an overflow pond of the lower Mississippi River during March–December 1986. Allacanthochasmus sp. (Trematoda) was the predominate endoparasitic taxon infecting bluegills. We noted peaked intensity curves and declines in variance-to-mean ratios for total endoparasites and Allacanthochasmus sp. for three cohorts during pond flooding in October. Although changes in the distribution of parasite intensities during this period may have reflected bluegill mortality, declines in variance-to-mean ratios of parasite intensities were smaller than those predicted by theories of parasite-induced host mortality. We also examined bluegills of the previous (1985) year class in spring 1986; their endoparasite intensities and variance-to-mean ratios were substantially lower than those of 1986 cohorts in fall 1986. Because these data are from two year classes, they ma...
Effects of Intensive Glucose Lowering in the Management of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Trial

The Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial was designed to test whether treatment targeting nearly normal glycemic control reduces the risk of cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes mellitus. This aim was based on consistent epidemiological evidence that higher glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels are associated with greater cardiovascular risk, together with inconclusive results from smaller and shorter interventional studies.1 All 10 251 participants in ACCORD were randomized to either a standard treatment strategy that targeted HbA1c levels between 7% and 7.9% or an intensive strategy that sought to attain an HbA1c <6.0%. With each strategy, investigators could prescribe any antihyperglycemic agent approved by regulatory authorities. The median HbA1c with the standard strategy was 7.5%; the intensive strategy achieved a median HbA1c of 6.4%.2 However, the intensive strategy was stopped after a median follow-up of 3.4 years, ≈60% of that planned, because of 22% higher all-cause mortality.2 Participants previously using the intensive strategy were switched to the standard strategy and continued in the trial. The cardiovascular and microvascular effects after the full 5 years of follow-up will soon be reported. Meanwhile, debate continues as to why there was higher mortality with intensive treatment and the clinical implications. Several analyses of the data obtained during randomized treatment have shed light on these issues. As expected, various factors such as age and presence of comorbidities were associated with higher risk of death during randomized treatment.3 After adjustment for these factors, 3 baseline characteristics emerged as independent predictors of excess risk with the intensive strategy. Notably, a baseline HbA1c value >8.5% predicted 64% higher risk. History of taking aspirin (perhaps indicating perceived high …
Interchannel interactions following shape resonant excitation of core electrons

Abstract Interchannel coupling of a core electron shape resonance with a valence-hole ionic continuum is studied with vibrational resolution. A core-hole shape resonance is created via N 2 (1s→continuum e − ) photoabsorption, and this complex decays to form the N 2 + (B 2 Σ u + ) state via continuum interchannel coupling. The vibrational branching ratios for the N 2 + (B 2 Σ u + ) state are then determined from N 2 + (B 2 Σ u + → 2 Σ g + ) fluorescence. The molecular motion provides excellent sensitivity to the resonant excitation, as underscored by two observations. First, the vibrational branching ratios for resonant and nonresonant excitation are qualitatively different. Secondly, the rotational motion of the ion is affected by the resonant excitation. These measurements demonstrate that continuum interchannel coupling can be probed precisely via dispersed fluorescence.
Effectiveness of USDA instrument-based marbling measurements for categorizing beef carcasses according to differences in longissimus muscle sensory attributes

This study quantified relationships between USDA instrument marbling measurements and LM sensory attributes (tenderness, flavor, juiciness), and shear force. Heifer (n = 390) and steer (n = 328) carcasses (all A-maturity) were selected at 4 beef processing plants in Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, and Texas to represent 7 marbling degrees: traces (TR), slight (SL), small (SM), modest (MT), moderate (MD), slightly abundant (SA), and moderately abundant (MA). Classification into marbling groups was based on marbling scores determined using USDA-approved VBG 2000 grading systems. Strip loin steaks were obtained from both sides of each carcass and aged for 14 d. One steak was used to obtain Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and slice shear force (SSF) measurements. The other steak was evaluated by a trained sensory panel for juiciness, tenderness, intensity of flavors characterized as meaty/brothy, buttery/beef fat, bloody/serumy, livery/organy, and grassy; and overall sensory experience (negative or positive). Instrument marbling score explained 45%, 40%, 32%, 71%, and 61% of the observed variation in panel ratings for juiciness, tenderness, meaty/brothy flavor intensity, buttery/beef fat flavor intensity, and overall sensory experience, respectively. Increased degree of marbling resulted in steaks having greater (P SA > MD > MT > SM > SL = TR), meaty/brothy flavor (MA = SA > MD = MT > SM > SL > TR), and buttery/beef fat flavor (MA > SA > MD > MT > SM > SL > TR). Steak tenderness also increased (P MD = MT > SM > SL = TR) and heifers (MA = SA > MD > MT > SM > SL > TR). Steaks produced by steers had lower (P < 0.05) WBSF and SSF values, and were rated as more tender by sensory panelists than steaks produced by heifers, but the effect of sex on panel tenderness was significant only among steaks with TR marbling. Results of this study showed that instrument-based classification of beef carcasses, according to differences in marbling, effectively identified subsequent differences in strip loin steak sensory performance. Nearly all (98 to 99%) steaks with MA or SA marbling, and most (between 80% and 90%) steaks with MD and MT marbling, received positive ratings for overall sensory experience. In comparison, 62% of SM steaks, 29% of SL steaks, and 15% of TR steaks received positive sensory experience ratings.
Microstructural evolution of a carbon modified single crystal Ni-base superalloy

Abstract The effects of heat treatments and long term exposures of C-containing modifications of CMSX-4 were examined. Some of the alloys examined also contained additions of boron or nitrogen. Significant changes to as-cast carbide morphologies were observed. Long-term exposure caused significant MC carbide decomposition and formation of Cr-rich secondary carbides on or near to decomposing carbides. Increased topologically close-packed phase formation occurred in some cases, while, in other alloys no topologically close-packed phases were observed. All three modifications experienced more γ′ coarsening than baseline CMSX-4.
Risk Factors for Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Resistance in Patients with Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis

Emerging antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens makes the management of acute uncomplicated cystitis increasingly challenging. Few prospective data are available on the risk factors for resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), the drug of choice in most settings. In order to evaluate this, we prospectively enrolled women 18 to 50 years of age presenting to an urban primary care practice with symptoms of cystitis. Potentially eligible women provided a urine sample for culture and completed a questionnaire regarding putative risk factors for TMP-SMX resistance. Escherichia coli isolates were tested for clonal group A (CGA) membership by a fumC-specific PCR. Of 165 women with cystitis symptoms, 103 had a positive urine culture and were eligible for participation. E. coli was the predominant uropathogen (86%). Fifteen (14.6%) women had a TMP-SMX-resistant (TMP-SMX r) organism (all of which were E. coli). Compared with the women who had a TMP-SMX-susceptible organism, women in the TMP-SMX r group were more likely to have traveled (odds ratio [OR], 15.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.4 to 54.3; P < 0.001) and to be Asian (OR, 6.1; 95% CI, 1.0 to 36.4; P = 0.048). CGA was also independently associated with TMP-SMX resistance (OR, 105; 95% CI, 6.3 to 1,777.6; P = 0.001). No association with TMP-SMX resistance was demonstrated for the use of either TMP-SMX or another antibiotic in the past 3 months or with having a child in day care. Among these women with acute uncomplicated cystitis, Asian race and recent travel were independently associated with TMP-SMX resistance. TMP-SMX r isolates were more likely to belong to CGA. Knowledge of these risk factors for TMP-SMX resistance could facilitate the accurate selection of empirical therapy.
Cancer Genetic Testing and Assisted Reproduction

Purpose Because of increasing uptake of cancer genetic testing and the improving survival of young patients with cancer, health care practitioners including oncologists will increasingly be asked about options for assisted reproduction by members of families affected by hereditary cancer syndromes. Among these reproductive options, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) offers the opportunity to select embryos without familial cancer-predisposing mutations. Methods A review of the published literature supplemented by a survey of PGD centers in the United States. Results Prenatal diagnosis and/or embryo selection after genetic testing has already been performed in the context of more than a dozen familial cancer syndromes, including the common syndromes of genetic predisposition to colon and breast cancer. Conclusion While constituting new reproductive options for families affected by cancer, the medical indications and ethical acceptance of assisted reproductive technologies for adult-onset cancer predisposition syndromes remain to be defined. Continued discussion of the role of PGD in the reproductive setting is needed to inform the responsible use of these technologies to decrease the burden of heritable cancers.
Alosetron for severe diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: safety and efficacy in perspective

Irritable bowel syndrome affects 5-10% of North Americans, with an estimated one-third having a diarrhea-predominant form. Alosetron hydrochloride (Lotronex) is a serotonin receptor type 3 antagonist approved in early 2000 for use in women with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). Initial use was widespread, but infrequent serious adverse events of ischemic colitis and severe constipation-related complications prompted alosetron's voluntary withdrawal from the US market in November 2000. Unprecedented public request prompted its reintroduction in 2002 under a Risk Management Plan, including a more restricted indication and a Prescribing Program for Lotronex. Despite these measures, the use of alosetron has been very limited since its reintroduction. Possible deterrents to its use include concerns over safety and the possible medical-legal implications raised by the Risk Management Plan. It is also possible that changes in the natural history and/or diagnosis of IBS-D have reduced the target population. Given the unique regulatory history of alosetron, these issues continue to engender controversy. This article profiles these concerns and reviews the pharmacology, clinical efficacy and safety, and post-marketing experience with alosetron. Myths and misconceptions related to alosetron use, or lack thereof, are addressed to provide the reader with the evidence needed to make informed treatment decisions for their female patients with severe IBS-D.
CPCJ 50th Anniversary Editorial Board Commentary: Ethics and Health Policy-Then and Now.

To celebrate the 50th year of the Cleft Palate–Craniofacial Journal we look back to where we started in 1964, where we are now, and speculate about directions for the future in a Then and Now editorial series. This editorial examines 50 years of social, policy, and regulatory changes that broaden the responsibility for research integrity to include the investigator, the journal editorial review process, and institutional oversight. Internationally recognized standards for authorship, publication of recognizable cases and images, and confidentiality of peer-review are addressed in the context of the history of the CPCJ. As we look to the future, the core principles will continue to guide the endeavor of research involving human subjects while adhering to our obligations to protect the interests of the people we serve.
Tunneling current in a double quantum dot excitonic system

Two coupled quantum dots entangled through their interaction with a cavity mode, including Forster and exciton-phonon interactions, allow for observation of the Josephson effect in terms of photon. assisted tunneling current similar to super current.
A Singular-Value-QR Decomposition Based Method for Training Fuzzy Logic Systems in Uncertain Environments

We extend the theory of nonsingleton fuzzy logic systems NSFLSs by presenting an algorithm to design and train such systems. Since NSFLSs are a generalization of singleton fuzzy logic systems, the algorithm is equally applicable to both types of systems. The proposed SVD-QR method selects subsets of independent basis functions which are sufficient to represent a given system, through operations on a nonsingleton fuzzy basis function matrix. In addition, it provides an estimate of the number of necessary basis functions. We present several examples to illustrate the ability of the SVD-QR method to operate in uncertain environments.
Exposure to Phytoestrogens in the Perinatal Period Affects Androgen Secretion by Testicular Leydig Cells in the Adult Rat

The use of soy-based products in the diet of infants has raised concerns regarding the reproductive toxicity of genistein and daidzein, the predominant isoflavones in soybeans with estrogenic activity. Time-bred Long-Evans dams were fed diets containing 0, 5, 50, 500, or 1000 ppm of soy isoflavones from gestational d 12 until weaning at d 21 postpartum. Male rats in all groups were fed soy-free diets from postnatal d 21 until 90 d of age. The mean +/- SD concentration of unconjugated (i.e. biologically active) genistein and daidzein in serum from the group of dams maintained on the diet containing the highest amount of isoflavones (1000 ppm) were 17 +/- 27 and 56 +/- 30 nM, respectively, at d 21 postpartum. The concentrations were considerably greater in male offspring (genistein: 73 +/- 46 nM; daidzein: 106 +/- 53 nM). Although steroidogenesis was decreased in individual Leydig cells, male rats from the highest exposure group (1000 ppm diet) exhibited elevated serum levels of the sex steroid hormones androsterone at 21 d (control: 15 +/- 1.5 vs.28 +/- 3.5 ng/ml; P < 0.05) and testosterone at 90 d of age (control: 7.5 +/- 1 vs.17 +/- 2 ng/ml; P < 0.05). Testosterone secretion by immature Leydig cells, isolated from 35-d-old male rats, decreased on exposure to 0.1 nm genistein in vitro (control: 175 +/- 5 vs. 117 +/- 3 ng/10(6) cells per 24 h; P < 0.05), indicative of direct phytoestrogen action. Thus, phytoestrogens have the ability to regulate Leydig cells, and additional studies to assess potential adverse effects of dietary soy-based products on reproductive tract development in neonates are warranted.
Kinetics of the temperature rise within human stratum corneum during electroporation and pulsed high-voltage iontophoresis

Electroporation is believed to be a nonthermal phenomenon at the membrane level. However, the effects of associated processes, such as Joule heating, should be considered. Because electroporation of skin, specifically the stratum corneum (SC), occurs at highly localized sites, the heating is expected to conform locally to the sites of electroporation. Significant localized heating was found to be strongly dependent on the voltage and duration of the high-voltage pulses. Specifically, a localized temperature rise was predicted theoretically and confirmed by experiments, with only a small rise (about 17 jC) for short, large pulses (1 ms, 100 V across the SC), but was increased (about 54 jC) for long, large pulses (300 ms, 60 Vacross the SC). The latter case appears to result in irreversible structural changes like vesicularization of the lipid lattice. These results support the hypothesis that electroporation occurs within the SC and that additional processes, such as localized heating, may be important. D 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
Temporal concentrations of cortisol and LH in virgin ewes acutely exposed to rams during the transition into the breeding season.

Abstract The objectives of this study were to determine if exposing seasonally anovular ewes to rams would alter patterns of cortisol concentrations, and if these changes are associated with changes in characteristics of LH concentrations. Seasonally anestrous ewes were assigned to be exposed to rams (RE; n = 11) or wethers (NE; n = 12). Blood samples were collected at 15-min intervals beginning 120 min before introduction of males (time = 0 min), and continued for 360 min after male exposure. Characteristics of cortisol and LH concentrations included: mean and baseline concentrations, pulse amplitude, duration, frequency, and time to first pulse. Mean and baseline cortisol concentrations, and cortisol pulse amplitude, frequency, and time to first pulse after male exposure did not differ between RE and NE ewes. Cortisol pulse duration was longer (P
Inter-Parent Aggression as a Precursor to Disengagement Coping in Emerging Adulthood: The Buffering Role of Friendship Competence.

Using multi-informant data drawn from a prospective study involving 184 youth, mother-perpetrated and father-perpetrated partner aggression during early adolescence (the age of 13) was examined as a predictor of five types of disengagement coping strategies in emerging adulthood (the age of 21): behavioral disengagement, mental disengagement, denial, substance use, and restraint. The ability to develop close friendships, or friendship competence, was examined as a moderator of these links. Results suggest that inter-parent aggression in early adolescence can predict reliance on disengagement coping 8 years later, but that friendship competence can buffer against the reliance on disengagement coping. Moreover, close friendship competence was not directly related to partner aggression by mothers or fathers, suggesting that friendship competence develops along an independent developmental track and thus may truly serve as a buffer for young adults with a history of exposure to inter-parent aggression.
Conducting Research on Home Environments: Lessons Learned and New Directions

The study of home environments is a research domain within the field of environmental gerontology that addresses issues related to aging in place. Despite the importance of aging at home, there are few recent studies in this area and most are descriptive and lack theoretical direction. This article examines the current state of research on home environments from which methodological challenges and new directions for future research are identified. Three broad research queries are posed: What should we measure and why in home environments? How do older people and their family members use the home environment in health, illness, and caregiving? What are the interrelationships between the home environment, psychological well-being, and daily functioning throughout the aging process? Suggestions for future research on home environments are discussed and the implications for advancing environmental gerontology highlighted. Specifically, the home environment offers a testing ground for generic environmental constructs and their measurement as well as a unique setting from which new understandings and constructs of person-environment fit can emerge.
The rice bZIP transcriptional activator RITA-1 is highly expressed during seed development.

Systematic protein-DNA binding studies have shown that plant basic leucine zipper (bZIP) proteins exhibit a differential binding specificity for ACGT motifs. Here, we show that the rice transcription activator-1 (RITA-1) displays a broad binding specificity for palindromic ACGT elements, being able to bind A-, C-, and G-box but not T-box elements. By using gel mobility shift assays with probes differing in sequences flanking the hexameric core, we identified high-affinity A-, C-, and G-box binding sites. Quantitative and competition DNA binding studies confirmed RITA-1 specificity for these sites. Using rice protoplasts as a transient expression system, we demonstrated that RITA-1 can transactivate reporter genes possessing high-affinity but not low-affinity RITA-1 binding sites. Our results established a direct relationship between in vivo transactivation and in vitro binding activity. Transient expression assays that demonstrated the ability of RITA-1 to transactivate a construct containing rita-1 59 flanking sequences suggest that the factor may be autoregulated. Histochemical analysis of transgenic rice plants showed that a rita-1-beta-glucuronidase transgene is expressed in aleurone and endosperm cells of developing rice seeds. We propose that RITA-1 plays a role in the regulation of rice genes expressed in developing rice seeds.
Experimental study of shear layer instability below a free surface

Relaxation of a laminar boundary layer at a free surface is an inviscidly unstable process and can lead to millimeter-scale surface waves, influencing interfacial processes. Due to the small time- and length-scales involved, previous experimental studies have been limited to visual observations and point-wise measurements of the surface profile to determine instability onset and frequency. However, effects of viscosity, surface tension, and non-linearity of the wave profile have not been systematically studied. In fact, no data have been reported on the velocity fields associated with this instability. In the present study, planar laser induced fluorescence and particle image velocimetry provide surface profiles coupled with liquid phase velocity fields for this instability in a time resolved manner. Wave steepness (ak, with a the amplitude and k the wave number) and Reynolds and Weber numbers based on momentum thickness range from 0 to 1.2, 143 to 177, and 4.79 to 6.61, respectively. Large datasets are a...
Multifunctional quantum dots for cellular and molecular imaging

Multifunctional nanoparticle probes based on semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have been developed for cancer targeting and imaging in living animals. The structural design involves encapsulating luminescent QDs with block copolymer, and linking this amphiphilic polymer to tumor-targeting ligands. In vivo targeting studies of human prostate cancer growing in nude mice indicate that the QD probes can be delivered to tumor sites by both enhanced permeation and retention and by antibody binding to cancer-specific cell surface biomarkers. Using both subcutaneous injection of QD- tagged cancer cells and systemic injection of multifunctional QD probes, we have achieved sensitive and multicolor fluorescence imaging of cancer cells under in vivo conditions. We have also integrated a whole-body macro-illumination system with wavelength-resolved spectral imaging for efficient background removal and precise delineation of weak spectral signatures. These results raise new possibilities for ultrasensitive and multiplexed imaging of molecular targets in vivo.
The Influence of Normative Relative Importance on the Perceived Importance of Information

The experiment addressed the issue of what makes information important. The effects of three factors — category membership, normative relative importance, and goal-relatedness — were examined. Since these factors are difficult to isolate in existing schemas and categories, training materials were used to create a new schema for a fictitious insect family. The results indicated that all three factors were influencing the perceived importance of information to some extent. However, normative relative importance appeared to influence a writing task more strongly than a rating task.
EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF RIGID PAVEMENT JOINT LOAD TRANSFER MODELING WITH EVERFE

The joint load transfer modeling capabilities of EverFE, a recently developed rigid pavement three-dimensional finite element analysis tool, are verified through comparisons with available experimental data. Dowel joint load transfer is examined via comparison of displacements predicted by EverFE with results from laboratory tests of two small-scale doweled pavement systems, and dowel looseness is shown to be a probable cause for experimentally observed differential joint displacements. Results of finite element analyses using EverFE's nonlinear, two-phase aggregate interlock constitutive model are shown to agree well with available experimental data. A parametric study is performed that examines the effect of joint opening on aggregate interlock load transfer and illustrates the importance of considering nonlinearities in joint load transfer when predicting pavement response. Recommendations for future research on joint load transfer modeling are also discussed.
Three-dimensional analysis of the impact fracture of 4340 steel

An analysis of the impact fracture of a three-point-bend specimen made of 4340 steel is performed using the finite element method (FEM). In the experiments performed by Sharpe et al. [(1988) WNS/ASD-88-02. The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland] the crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) 100 μm behind a prefatigued crack tip was measured. The numerical analyses performed to model this experiment used a three-dimensional mesh which accounted for crack curvature and examined the role played by the residual plastic deformation as a result of the precracking procedure and also the role played by material rate sensitivity of the flow stress. The finite element simulation which included both precracking and strain rate sensitivity effects modeled the CTOD well for the observed 10 μs. From this model, local stress and deformation fields can be assessed. These indicate a significant increase in the impact fracture toughness over the quasi-static toughness. Error estimates and other observations for experimentalists are made, based on different FEM simulations.
Clinical social work with chicanos: Some unwarranted assumptions

Generally the literature of social work conveys a negative attitude toward the use of clinical social work with Chicanos. These attitudes result from assumptions that have not been empirically tested. Nevertheless these assumptions have been accepted as valid. This paper identifies and discusses these assumptions in the light of the nature of clinical social work and its objectives. The conclusion reached is that clinical social work is not alien to the needs of Chicanos and can be used successfully with them when the therapist has an understanding of the cultural system and can provide therapy within its framework.
Five-Picture Charades: A Flexible Model for Technology Training in Digital Media Tools and Teaching Strategies

This article presents Five-Picture Charades, an instructional activity designed to introduce preservice and in-service teachers to the technical and pedagogical uses of digital images in the classroom.
Comparison of Site Safety Policies of Construction Industry Trade Groups

This paper compares the new ASCE policy on construction site safety with the policies held by the American Institute of Architects and the Associated General Contractors of America, and also with the standards and policies issued by the federal government with regard to the site safety roles ascribed to owners, architect/engineers, general contractors, and subcontractors. It is found that ASCE is unique in that it issues a separate policy on site safety policies and explicitly assigns some safety responsibilities to owners and to design professionals. It is also found that the safety policy documents issued by all three trade organizations assign primary responsibility for safety on the site to the general contractor, whereas the federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration standards assign primary responsibility to the employers of the employees exposed to hazards.
The cat with the “strat” comes back: A Burkeian‐Weickian primer for organizing narrative

The article proposes a theoretical perspective for analyzing the organization of narrative that combines Weick's (1979) model of organizing and Burke's (1968a, 1984b) ideas of dramatistic form and the guilt‐purification‐redemption cycle. The theoretical perspective is used to interpret a narrative from the world of music about the cultural practice of “bamboozling” as a “curative” act. The analysis describes how: (a) an equivocal construct is retrospectively enacted, (b) repetitive, conventional, progressive, and minor forms, particularly metaphor and crescendo, are selected in the processing of equivocality, (c) the movement toward linguistic “perfection” of the metaphor of “doctor” reflects requisite variety, mortification and scapegoating, and the “demonic trinity,” (d) the representation of “double‐interacts” within the narrative form serves to produce both frustration and gratification while also processing equivocality, and (e) narrative “discrediting” serves to reproduce the hierarchy and mystery t...
Imaging Parameters and Recurrent Cerebrovascular Events in Patients With Minor Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack.

Importance Neurological worsening and recurrent stroke contribute substantially to morbidity associated with transient ischemic attacks and strokes (TIA-S). Objective To determine predictors of early recurrent cerebrovascular events (RCVEs) among patients with TIA-S and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores of 0 to 3. Design, Setting, and Participants A retrospective cohort study was conducted at 2 tertiary care centers (Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, and Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana) between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2014. All patients with neurologist-diagnosed TIA-S with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 0 to 3 who presented to the emergency department were included. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome (adjudicated by 3 vascular neurologists) was RCVE: neurological deterioration in the absence of a medical explanation or recurrent TIA-S during hospitalization. Results Of the 1258 total patients, 1187 had no RCVEs and 71 had RCVEs; of this group, 750 patients (63.2%) and 39 patients (54.9%), respectively, were aged 60 years or older. There were 505 patients with TIA-S at Columbia University; 31 (6.1%) had RCVEs (15 patients had neurological deterioration only, 11 had recurrent TIA-S only, and 5 had both). The validation cohort at Tulane University consisted of 753 patients; 40 (5.3%) had RCVEs (24 patients had neurological deterioration only and 16 had both). Predictors of RCVE in multivariate models in both cohorts were infarct on neuroimaging (computed tomographic scan or diffusion-weighted imaging sequences on magnetic resonance imaging) (Columbia University: not applicable and Tulane University: odds ratio, 1.75; 95% CI, 0.82-3.74; P = .15) and large-vessel disease etiology (Columbia University: odds ratio, 6.69; 95% CI, 3.10-14.50 and Tulane University: odds ratio, 8.13; 95% CI, 3.86-17.12; P Conclusions and Relevance In patients with minor stroke, vessel imaging and perhaps neuroimaging parameters, but not clinical scores, were associated with RCVEs in 2 independent data sets. Prospective studies are needed to validate these predictors.
Innovation in Emerging Markets: An Interview with G. N. Bajpai

(2011). Innovation in Emerging Markets: An Interview with G. N. Bajpai. Research-Technology Management: Vol. 54, Innovation in Emerging Markets, pp. 12-16.
Influenza-Associated Encephalitis

Twenty patients with influenza-associated encephalitis/encephalopathy treated during the 1997-2001 influenza A epidemics in Japan are reported from Niigata City General Hospital, Japan.
Insect Damage to Field-Piled Pulpwood in Northern Minnesota

Several species of wood-destroying insects were collected and reared from balsam fir and black spruce pulpwood piles. Greatest losses were caused by species of Monochamus , especially scutellatus (Say). Volume loss from these insects ranged from less than 0.1% after one season of feeding to nearly 5.0% after two seasons of feeding. The results of various types of piling showed that compact standard piles have less damage than loosely piled pens. Piles of either kind stacked in the shade of standing trees are attacked far less readily than those stacked in sunlit clearings and, consequently, have far less damage.
Quantification and Persuasion in Managerial Judgement

Accounting involves assigning numbers to events — quantifying them. Conventional wisdom holds that putting numbers to an argument enhances its persuasive power. There is, however, little scholarly evidence to support or refute this claim, in accounting or elsewhere. In this paper, we develop an original process-based model of how quantification influences persuasion. We posit that including a high-quality quantified analysis in a proposal enhances its persuasive power by increasing both the perceived competence of the proposal preparer and the perceived plausibility that a favorable outcome could occur. Under some conditions, however, quantification also encourages criticism of the details of the proposal, which potentially offsets these effects. We experimentally test implications of our model in a managerial decision setting, investigating conditions in which quantification is more and less likely to result in criticism of the quantified proposal and, thus, less and more likely to be persuasive. We also test the model itself using structural equations methods. Results largely support the model, which should prove of value to researchers interested in the effects of quantification on judgements and to those interested in persuasion.
Variation in leaf photosynthetic rates and yield in strawberries

SummaryVariability in CO2 assimilation rate (A) was measured in seven cultivars on five dates and three cultural systems using the stability analysis of Finlay and Wilkinson. The regression coefficient (b) of net photosynthetic rates was significantly correlated (r = 0.75) with yield, even though mean A was not. The highest yielding cultivars had b>l, suggesting that they did better than lower yielding genotypes in environments favouring high A. Most cultivars had significantly higher A on double hills than in ribbons or matted rows, and were photo- synthetically more active when producing fruit and runners than at anthesis.
A Case of Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis Masquerading as Panayiotopoulos Syndrome

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) is probably the most common group of childhood progressive neurodegenerative disorders that typically present in childhood, and are uniformly fatal. We present here an unusual case of NCL based on clinical and electroencephalographic features as well as review the current literature on the early features of NCL. The purpose is to alert physicians about the atypical presentations of NCL encountered in clinical practice and to broaden their differential considerations so that earlier diagnoses can be made. In particular, patients presenting with epilepsy and behavioral problems who show developmental regression warrant further investigation.
A fast implicit variable speed 2D wave equation solver

We present results from our ongoing work developing a multi-dimensional, unconditionally stable, linear-time higher order1 wave equation solver. Our goal is to extend the implicit method we have been developing to the problem of general scatterers with non-reflecting boundary conditions and to assess the accuracy of our method on classical E.M. problems. Since traditional approaches to wave scattering problems using Fast Fourier Transform, finite element, and finite difference methods have restrictions (range of wave form) and have high spatio-temporal cost, we are exploring a new approach based on successive convolution. The method is implicit and hence does not suffer from a Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) time step restriction. Further, the implicit scheme is applicable to multidimensional problems and is ideally suited for multi-scale temporal problems. The method is based on an A-stable (to all orders) solver for the two way wave equation1. The formulation of the method is based on the Method of Lines Transpose (MOLT2) — a practical approach to Rothe's method — which starts by discretizing the problem in time and then solving the resulting Helmholtz equation with a Green's function method2. By leveraging an alternating direction implicit (ADI) splitting and a fast convolution method for the 1D Green's function, it can be shown that the method has O(N) computational cost. High-order accuracy is achieved through successive convolution1. While the method was not originally designed for classical E.M. scattering problems (it was designed for multi-scale problems), we aim to apply highorder implementations of the method to this application as well.
Design and Implementation of a Distributed Complex Event Processing Engine

This paper describes a high-performance, distributed, complex event processing engine that improves the scalability of a traditional complex event processing engine. In the design of this new complex event processing(CEP), the stateless processing node is combined with distributed storage so that scale and performance can be linearly expanded. This design prevents single node failure and makes the system highly reliable.
Understanding the Perceived Value of Incentives in Community Supervision

ABSTRACTThe use of incentives to promote offender compliance is becoming increasingly common in community supervision. Although evidence suggests that incentives can improve offender outcomes, little is known about how they can best be implemented to achieve desired results. Research in other fields demonstrates that incentive quality plays an important role in promoting behavioral change. Unfortunately, little is known about the perceived value of incentives utilized in probation and parole settings. The current study addresses this gap in the literature by examining the results of a survey administered to 200 adult probationers. Results indicated that earned compliance credits were rated most favorably, followed by a $50 fee waiver, reduced reporting requirements, and a $50 gift card. Recognition-based incentives received the weakest ratings. Multivariate analyses showed that individual level, as compared to offense- and supervision-level variables, had more consistent influences on perceptions of incen...
OBSERVATION OF QUANTIZED CIRCULATION IN SUPERFLUID HELIUM.

An experimental study has been made of the circulation of the superfluid component of liquid helium II around a fine wire. The method used was that of Vinen, in which the circulation is measured by means of the influence it has on the transverse vibrations of the wire. The present work extends Vinen's original work in several ways. Measurements were made over a range of temperatures from 1.2 to 1.9\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and a range of wire diameters from 25 to 100 \ensuremath{\mu}. In addition, measurements of the direction of the apparent circulation were made as well as of the magnitude. The experiments have two principal results. The first is that motion of the superfluid around the wire could persist for many hours after any motion of the containing vessel had stopped. However, this motion was not steady; smooth changes in apparent circulation could take place throughout an experimental run, changes which could include reversals in direction. The second principal result is that the apparent circulation tended to show markedly greater stability at the anticipated quantum levels than at other values. Long periods of stability were observed at the levels of 0, 1, 2, and 3 quantum units. An additional significant result is that as the wire diameter was increased the maximum value of metastable circulation observed also increased.