cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The IBM services connection

Self-service technologies are relied upon by service delivery organizations that make use of their low cost and ubiquity to deliver componentized self-service to worldwide clients. A rolebased portal can be a key technology component for any servicedelivery organization seeking to provide an advanced self-service capability. Portals that have access to information on the client's organization, its contracted services, and the service components provided can be used to manage the parameters of service delivery. Providing the client's management dashboard through self-service portals establishes a foundation that allows a service organization to present its services value chain in terms and subprocesses that are relevant to its clients. Exposing services processes to clients requires a governance layer that ensures consumers of multiple services can manage their service delivery in ways that make the client more efficient. Supporting technologies such as "single sign on," reporting, model-driven tooling, and real-time linkages to services entitlement complete the core technology set that fulfills the end-to-end self-service architecture. In this paper, we provide an overview of the unique self-service requirements for service delivery, followed by an overview of the technologies required to meet those requirements. We also review innovations that enable the creation of the IBM Services Connection, a worldwide deployed service support portal.
Juvenile Delinquency Among the Jews in New York

T HE purpose of this investigation was to study the records of the Jewish boys and girls who were arraigned before the Children's Courts of of New York City from I909 to 1931. What proportion of the arraignments before the Children's Courts of New York come from Jewish homes? How does the percentage of Jewish arraignments compare with the percentage of Jews in the total population? What is the home background of the Jewish delinquent child? For what types of offenses are they arraigned? Do Jewish girls differ from Jewish boys with regard to delinquency? From what areas of residence do the Jewish delinquents come? What proportion of them are acquitted, found guilty, placed on probation, or committed to institutions? Do the Jewish delinquent and dependent children present problems that are peculiar to the Jewish group? These are questions of interest to those who are engaged in child welfare work in the city of New York where the Jewish population is more than two million. The present report deals with the boroughs of Manhattan, Bronx, and Brooklyn only, since the percentage of Jews in the other two boroughs of New York, Richmond, and Queens, is very small. All references to New York City throughout this report will refer to the boroughs of Manhattan, Bronx, and Brooklyn.
Endogenous cathepsin activation of trypsinogen in extracts of dog pancreas.

SummaryEvidence is presented that endogenous trypsinogen in extracts of dog pancreas is activated under the same conditions that cathepsin B activates trypsinogen in vitro. The activation occurs at pH 3.6 and is enhanced by cysteine and is inhibited by iodoacetic acid. The tentative conclusion reached is that cathepsin B-like enzymes in pancreas are catalyzing the reaction. The possible clinical implications of such reactions is discussed.
Property, Copyrights, and Economic Growth

Economists have long noted the importance of clear laws and property rights to facilitate transactions and promote economic activity and growth. Intellectual property including copyrights is part of the fabric of property both in the United States and around the world. Empirical studies support the relationship between copyright industries and various measures of economic growth and economic freedom. Copyrights contribute to American economic growth and benefit the American consumer.
Parallax as Structure

From where she sits at her window Eveline Hill can watch ‘the evening invade the avenue’, hear ‘footsteps clacking along the concrete pavement’, and inhale the ‘odour of dusty cretonne’ (D p. 36). Leaning on the gunrest of the Martello tower in Sandycove, Stephen Dedalus sees ‘the fraying edge of his shiny black coat-sleeve’ (Te 101), and when he makes the effort of refocusing his viewpoint, he can glance across ‘the threadbare cuffedge’ (Te 106) to take in the sea that swells around him. No one has ever suspected Eveline of having impaired vision, although for a while some readers of Ulysses experimented with the idea that Stephen had broken his glasses quite recently and could not see much beyond that threadbare cuff. The sea that he sees, that ‘ring of bay and skyline’, has a greater inner reality for him, on one hand elevated by Mulligan to the realm of ‘great sweet mother’, and on the other hand redefined by Stephen’s memories to ‘a dull green mass of liquid’ that reminds him of the bowl which once contained ‘the green sluggish bile’ (Te 80, 107–9) his dying mother had vomited. Eveline’s thoughts at the window are also inner-directed: to the various recollections of her past life in the neighbourhood, in her family dwelling, and in the numerous instances of her life lived among the persistent smell of dusty cretonne.
Abnormalities of the P Wave

There is a tendency to overread P-wave abnormalities, and special care should be taken to avoid unwarranted extrapolation from purely electrocardiographic (ECG) findings to physiological and anatomical inferences. For example, to state on the basis of the ECG abnormality of tall, peaked P waves in limb lead II that there is “right atrial hypertrophy” is risky indeed. It is preferable to simply state what the abnormality is and let the patient’s physician decide what it means physiologically. Differences in anatomy, cardiac position, and autonomic influences all conspire to make the correlation between the P wave and the pathophysiology of the atria a poor one. Generally, the right atrium produces the first portion of the P wave, both atria produce the midportion, and the left atrium produces the terminal portion.
Abstract LB-376: Hormone therapy use and DNA methylation in breast tissue

The association between use of hormone therapy (HT) and breast cancer risk has been consistently replicated in epidemiologic studies, but the biological effects of HT on breast tissue are poorly understood. We hypothesized that postmenopausal exposure to HT leads to changes in DNA methylation in breast tissue. We used fresh frozen samples from the Normal Breast Study (NBS), a hospital based study conducted between 2009 and 2013 at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill. Women undergoing breast surgery for reduction mammoplasty, prophylactic resection, or tumor resection donated samples of histologically normal-appearing breast tissue. Out of 474 enrolled participants 106 reported ever using hormone therapy, 37 of which had used it within one year of surgery (classified as current users) and 17 of which had used HT within 1-5 years prior to surgery (classified as recent users). Current and recent users were compared with 36 age frequency-matched controls that had never used HT. Frozen tissue DNA samples from these 90 women were evaluated using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Genome wide DNA methylation data was analyzed using the reference-free cell mixture method to test for associations between HT-use and the methylation level at each CpG site. In the model we adjusted for SVA derived surrogate variables, to control for unobserved confounders, and multiple comparisons using the false discovery rate (FDR). Although methylation differences between current and never users were small in magnitude (β Citation Format: Sophia Harlid, Zongli Xu, Erin L. Kirk, Lauren E. Wilson, Melissa A. Troester, Jack A. Taylor. Hormone therapy use and DNA methylation in breast tissue. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-376.
An evaluation of missing data compensation methods for a PET camera by comparing to no-gap data

We evaluated three methods for filling gaps in PET projection data that may results from gaps between detectors or from defective detectors. These methods include linear interpolation, constraint Fourier space, and forward projection of the images reconstructed from incomplete data iteratively. We compared reconstructed images from the gap-filled data to the images reconstructed from data without gaps acquired by rotating camera gantry during data acquisition. We collected data for a 20-cm flood phantom and the Hoffman brain phantom using the HOTPET camera that has a spatial resolution of about 3 mm. HOTPET Camera has the capability to be rotated during data acquisition and in standard operation it is rotated to fill the gaps in sinograms. Images reconstructed from data without gantry rotation and without missing data compensation were dominated by artifacts. Filling the gaps with even the simple and fast linear interpolation resulted in images with significantly less artifacts; however, it was less effective than the other two methods. Images from gap-filled data by the other two methods were artifact free but image quality was slightly degraded. Filling the gaps with forward projection of the iterative reconstructed images produced the best results; however, it was the slowest method.
Lumped Parameter Modeling of the Increased Hydraulic Resistance in Hypertension

Established hypertension is characterized by an elevated hydraulic resistance to blood flow through the organs of the body. The lack of understanding concerning the pathogenesis of essential hypertension may be due largely to the simplistic techniques utilized in analyzing vascular resistance. The inability to separate resistance into its constituent parts is of particular importance in this regard.
Introduction and History

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common form of skin lymphoma originating from primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL). MF primarily develops in the skin, but can also involve lymph nodes, blood, and other organs. Patients with MF typically have a prolonged clinical course. Early lesions of MF may show variable degrees of epidermal atrophy, telangiectasia, and/or mottled hyper- or hypopigmentation. In the earliest stages, patients can have nonspecific dermatitis and/or psoriasiform skin lesions for many years. For these reasons and more, diagnosing early MF proves to be challenging.
Experimental Evaluation and Formal Analysis of High‐Level Tasks with Dynamic Obstacle Anticipation on a Full‐Sized Autonomous Vehicle

Certifying the behavior of autonomous systems is essential to the development and deployment of systems in safety-critical applications. This paper presents an approach to using a correct-by-construction controller with the probabilistic results of dynamic obstacle anticipation, and validates the approach with experimental data obtained from Cornell's full-scale autonomous vehicle. The obstacle anticipation (used to calculate the probability of collision with dynamic obstacles around the vehicle) is abstracted to a set of Boolean observations, which are then used by the synthesized controller (a state machine generated from temporal logic task specifications). The obstacle anticipation, sensor abstraction, and synthesized controller are implemented on a full-scale autonomous vehicle, and experimental data are collected and compared with a formal analysis of the probabilistic behavior of the system. A comparison of the results shows good agreement between the formal analysis and the experimental results.
Midsystolic Clicks in Arteriosclerotic Heart Disease

Midsystolic clicks (MSC), or nonejection systolic clicks, were discovered in 15 patients with arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD). The diagnosis of ASHD was established by the presence of angina or the history of a documented myocardial infarction (MI) or both. The MSCs were recorded in 13 patients. A late systolic murmur was introduced by the MSC in four patients, and one patient had a soft holosystolic murmur. The mitral origin of the MSCs and murmurs was established by noting their change in timing and intensity following administration of vasoactive drugs. One patient underwent cardiac catheterization, and evidence of an old MI and papillary muscle dysfunction (PMD) was demonstrated. We think that the PMD that occurs secondary to ischemic fibrosis in ASHD permits slack chordae tendineae suddenly to become taut in midsystole and produce a snap. Although the mechanism for the production of chordal snaps has been previously postulated, ASHD has only recently been found responsible for producing these s...
Ribosomal PCR assay of excised intervertebral discs from patients undergoing single-level primary lumbar microdiscectomy.

To determine the presence of infectious microorganisms in the herniated discs of immunocompetent patients, using methodology that we hoped would be of higher sensitivity and specificity than has been reported in the past. Recent studies have demonstrated a significant rate of positive cultures for low virulent organisms in excised HNP samples (range 19–53%). These studies have served as the theoretical basis for a pilot trial, and then, a well done prospective randomized trial that demonstrated that systemic treatment with antibiotics may yield lasting improvements in a subset of patients with axial back pain. Whether the reported positive cultures in discectomy specimens represent true positives is as yet not proven, and critically important if underlying the basis of therapeutic approaches for chronic low back pain. This consecutive case series from a single academic center included 44 patients with radiculopathy and MRI findings of lumbar HNP. Patients elected for lumbar microdiscectomy after failure of conservative management. All patients received primary surgery at a single spinal level in the absence of immune compromise. Excised disc material was analyzed with a real-time PCR assay targeting the 16S ribosomal RNA gene followed by amplicon sequencing. No concurrent cultures were performed. Inclusion criteria were as follows: sensory or motor symptoms in a single lumbar nerve distribution; positive physical examination findings including positive straight leg raise test, distributional weakness, and/or a diminished deep tendon reflexes; and magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine positive for HNP in a distribution correlating with the radicular complaint. The PCR assay for the 16S rRNA sequence was negative in all 44 patients (100%). 95% CI 0–8%. Based on the data presented here, there does not appear to be a significant underlying rate of bacterial disc infection in immunocompetent patients presenting with radiculopathy from disc herniation.
A Small Wolbachia Protein Directly Represses Phage Lytic Cycle Genes in "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" within Psyllids.

ABSTRACT Huanglongbing (HLB) is a severe disease of citrus caused by an uncultured alphaproteobacterium “ Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” and transmitted by Asian citrus psyllids ( Diaphorina citri ). Two prophage genomes, SC1 and SC2, integrated in “ Ca . Liberibacter asiaticus” strain UF506 were described previously, and very similar prophages are found resident in the majority of “ Ca . Liberibacter asiaticus” strains described worldwide. The SC1 lytic cycle is marked by upregulation of prophage late genes, including a functional holin (SC1_gp110); these late genes are activated when “ Ca . Liberibacter asiaticus” is in planta , but not when infecting the psyllid host. We previously reported that the holin promoter is strongly and constitutively active in Liberibacter crescens (a cultured proxy for uncultured “ Ca . Liberibacter asiaticus”) but is suppressed in a dose-dependent manner by crude aqueous extracts from D. citri applied exogenously. Here we report that the suppressor activity of the crude psyllid extract was heat labile and abolished by proteinase K treatment, indicating a proteinaceous repressor and of a size smaller than 30 kDa. The repressor was affinity captured from D. citri aqueous extracts using biotinylated holin promoter DNA immobilized on magnetic beads and subjected to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Protein database interrogation was used to identify a small DNA-binding protein encoded by a gene carried by Wolbachia strain wDi, a resident endosymbiont of D. citri as the repressor. The in vitro -translated Wolbachia repressor protein was able to penetrate L . crescens cells, bind to “ Ca . Liberibacter asiaticus” promoter DNA, and partially suppress holin promoter-driven β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity, indicating potential involvement of an additional interacting partner(s) or posttranslational modification(s) for complete suppression. Expression of the Wolbachia repressor protein appeared to be constitutive irrespective of “ Ca . Liberibacter asiaticus” infection status of the insect host. IMPORTANCE Host acquisition of a new microbial species can readily perturb the dynamics of preexisting microbial associations. Molecular cross talk between microbial associates may be necessary for efficient resource allocation and enhanced survival. Classic examples involve quorum sensing (QS), which detects population densities and is both used and coopted to control expression of bacterial genes, including host adaptation factors. We report that a 56-amino-acid repressor protein made by the resident psyllid endosymbiont Wolbachia can enter cells of Liberibacter crescens , a cultured proxy for the uncultured psyllid endosymbiont “ Ca . Liberibacter asiaticus” and repress “ Ca . Liberibacter asiaticus” phage lytic cycle genes. Such repression in “ Ca . Liberibacter asiaticus” may be critical to survival of both endosymbionts, since phage-mediated lysis would likely breach the immunogenic threshold of the psyllid, invoking a systemic and nonspecific innate immune reaction.
Tissue Engineering to Repair Diaphragmatic Defect in a Rat Model

Tissue engineering is an emerging strategy for repairing damaged tissues or organs. The current study explored using decellularized rat diaphragm scaffolds combined with human amniotic fluid-derived multipotent stromal cells (hAFMSC) to provide a scaffold, stem cell construct that would allow structural barrier function during tissue ingrowth/regeneration. We created an innovative cell infusion system that allowed hAFMSC to embed into scaffolds and then implanted the composite tissues into rats with surgically created left-sided diaphragmatic defects. Control rats received decellularized diaphragm scaffolds alone. We found that the composite tissues that combined hAFMSCs demonstrated improved physiological function as well as the muscular-tendon structure, compared with the native contralateral hemidiaphragm of the same rat. Our results indicate that the decellularized diaphragm scaffolds are a potential support material for diaphragmatic hernia repair and the composite grafts with hAFMSC are able to accelerate the functional recovery of diaphragmatic hernia.
Isolation and characterization of human MDSC from peripheral blood of patients with various malignancies (TUM6P.971)

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells are a heterogeneous population of early myeloid progenitors that possess a strong immunosuppressive capacity and accumulate in multiple diseases characterized by chronic inflammation. In tumors, MDSC play a major role in the down-modulation of anti-tumor immune responses mediated by T cells and natural killer cells. Murine MDSC are defined as CD11b + /GR1 + and specific phenotypic markers have been identified for the distinction of monocytic MDSC and granulocytic MDSC. However, there is no consensus on how human subsets of MDSC should be phenotypically defined. Using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with various malignancies, we determined by flow cytometry specific panels for the distinction of M-MDSC and G-MDSC. M-MDSC’s were identified as CD11b + CD14 + CD33 +high HLA-DR neg/low and CD66b neg , while G-MDSC’s are identified as CD11b + CD14 neg CD33 +low HLA-DR neg CD66b + . Additional experiments established the expression of specific markers associated with energy metabolism in MDSC subsets. Therefore, our results characterize a panel for the distinction of MDSC subsets in patients with cancer and suggest potential metabolic differences between MDSC subpopulations in humans.
Electoral Politics and Africa's Urban Transition: Class and Ethnicity in Ghana

Two aspects of contemporary urban life in Africa are often described as sources of political change: the emergence of a large urban middle class and high levels of ethnic diversity and inter-ethnic social contact. Many expected that these factors would help spark a transition away from ethnic competition and clientelism toward more programmatic elections. Focusing on urban Ghana, this book shows that the growing middle class and high levels of ethnic diversity are not having the anticipated political effects. Instead, urban Ghana is stuck in a trap: clientelism and ethnic voting persist in many urban neighborhoods despite changes to the socio-economic characteristics and policy preferences of voters. Through a unique examination of intra-urban variation in patterns of electoral competition, Nathan explains why this trap exists, demonstrates its effects on political behavior, and explores how new democracies like Ghana can move past it.
Annealing Study of NTD Silicon Doped with Boron

Two silicon samples containing approximately 1 × 1015 B-cm-3 have been transmutation doped to phosphorous concentrations of 1 × 1013 and 1 × 1015 P-cm-3. For each sample, the infrared absorption properties in the spectral region 4000 to 200 cm-1 have been studied as a function of annealing temperature. The samples were isochronally annealed from 200°C to 1000°C in steps of 100°C. After each annealing step, absorption data were taken at room temperature and 10 K. For each annealing step, the optical activation of the phosphorous and boron, as well as the removal or formation of defect lines, is reported.
Fusion Concepts for the Future

Some day the inhabitants of this planet will look back at the clumsy magnetic bottle, the D–T tokamak, which is described in the previous chapters. The tokamak will seem like an old IBM Selectric typewriter with font balls compared to Microsoft Word on a 2-GHz notebook computer. The deuterium–tritium reaction is a terrible fusion reaction, but we have to start with it because it is easy to ignite. It generates power in neutrons, which make everything radioactive so you cannot go near the reactor. The neutrons are hard to capture and also damage the whole structure of the machine. And you have to breed the tritium and keep it out of the environment. There are much cleaner fusion fuels that we can use in next-generation magnetic bottles.
Effective Potentials for Intermediate-Energy Electron Scattering: Testing Theoretical Models

Electron scattering by molecules is important from a fundamental point of view as well as for many applications to practical concerns. An electron is the most elementary possible probe of a target. An electron scattering experiment can yield both structural and spectral information. From the chemist’s point of view the spectral information obtainable this way is often invaluable because the selection rules of photon spectroscopy are inoperative. In particular, at impact energies up to about 100 eV, many optically forbidden transitions appear very strongly in electron impact spectroscopy.1,2 The energy range from 10–100 eV is thus a very important one for chemistry, and it is often called the intermediate energy range for electron scattering.3 Data on electron scattering cross sections at energies below 100 eV are also required for understanding electron mobilities, discharges, flames, radiation chemistry and radiation biology, electron-impact laser initiation, magnetohydrodynamic power generators and other devices containing plasmas, the atmosphere of the planets (especially the upper atmosphere of the earth), the interstellar medium, and stars (including the sun).4,5
Somos la dignidad rebelde: On Mexican Indigenous praxis of resistance pedagogy, no longer misappropriated under US “innovative” methods

The “Rainbow Journalism” (RJ) course was a way to proactively channel the devastating effects 45 had on the CSUSB community. This article focuses on the decolonial tactics of RJ, which are simultan...
Shaming as a Form of Social Activism: Autoethnographic Stories:

In this article, the author uses a poem and two vignettes to argue for the power of autoethnographic stories as a means for social activism and advances three propositions: (1) Autoethnographic sto...
Mutagenesis of α-Conotoxins for Enhancing Activity and Selectivity for Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are found throughout the mammalian body and have been studied extensively because of their implication in a myriad of diseases. α-Conotoxins (α-CTxs) are peptide neurotoxins found in the venom of marine snails of genus Conus. α-CTxs are potent and selective antagonists for a variety of nAChR isoforms. Over the past 40 years, α-CTxs have proven to be valuable molecular probes capable of differentiating between closely related nAChR subtypes and have contributed greatly to understanding the physiological role of nAChRs in the mammalian nervous system. Here, we review the amino acid composition and structure of several α-CTxs that selectively target nAChR isoforms and explore strategies and outcomes for introducing mutations in native α-CTxs to direct selectivity and enhance binding affinity for specific nAChRs. This review will focus on structure-activity relationship studies involving native α-CTxs that have been rationally mutated and molecular interactions that underlie binding between ligand and nAChR isoform.
The effect of grinding on the acidulation of phosphate rock

iU nWKODUCTION 1 The Process 1 Previous Work 6 BENCH-SCAIE MOBX. 12 Materials and Equipnenb 12 Froceduẑ IS Results and Evaluation of Results 19 PILOT PUNT WORK 29 Materials and Equipment 29 Procedure 39 Results and Evaluation of Results 4-0 ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF THE PROCESS Proposed Process Economic Evaluation
Typical Roles and Intergroup Relations Shape Stereotypes: How Understanding Social Structure Clarifies the Origins of Stereotype Content

How do stereotypes gain their specific content? Social psychologists have argued that stereotypes of groups, defined by demographic indicators such as sex and race, gain their content from their lo...
Pre-diagnosis body mass index, physical activity and ovarian cancer mortality

Abstract Background Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic malignancy, yet the effects on survival of modifiable pre-diagnosis lifestyle factors, such as obesity and physical activity, remain largely unexplored. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of pre-diagnosis BMI and physical activity on ovarian cancer mortality using prospectively collected data. Methods Data on women who developed ovarian cancer after enrollment into the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study were analyzed. Cancer incidence was ascertained through linkage state cancer registries and consisted of 741 cases of epithelial ovarian cancer. Results Higher pre-diagnosis BMI was associated with increased overall and ovarian cancer-specific mortality. Comparing women with BMI 25–29.9, 30–34.9 and ≥ 35 to normal weight women, the HRs of overall mortality were 1.18 (95%CI 0.96–1.45), 1.05 (0.82–1.36) and 1.59 (1.14–2.18, p-trend = 0.02). The findings were similar for ovarian cancer-specific mortality comparing women with BMI ≥ 35 to normal weight women (BMI Conclusions Women who were obese before developing ovarian cancer had increased mortality than those who were normal weight, but physical activity before diagnosis was not associated with mortality in this study population. These results suggest that maintaining a healthy weight is a powerful preventative tool.
A Shameful Life (Ningen shikkaku)

With only one translation of Ningen shikkaku (translated by Donald Keene in 1958 as No Longer Human ) available , the review focuses on the translator's intention and approaches to differentiate his translation from No Longer Human.
Comparative study of topological Hall effect and skyrmions in NiMnIn and NiMnGa

A nonequilibrium rapid-quenching method has been used to fabricate NiMnIn and NiMnGa alloys that are chemically and morphologically similar but crystallographically and physically very different. NiMnGa crystallizes in a Ni2In-type hexagonal structure, whereas NiMnIn is a cubic Heusler alloy. Both alloys yield a topological Hall effect contribution corresponding to bubble-type skyrmion spin structures, but it occurs in much lower magnetic fields in NiMnIn as compared to NiMnGa. The effect is unrelated to net Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions, which are absent in both alloys due to their inversion-symmetric crystal structures. Based on magnetic-force microscopy, we explain the difference between the two alloys by magnetocrystalline anisotropy and uniaxial and cubic anisotropies yielding full-fledged and reduced topological Hall effects, respectively. Since NiMnIn involves small magnetic fields (0.02–0.3 kOe) at and above room temperature, it is of potential interest in spin electronics.
Roles of HIF1 and HIF2 in pulmonary hypertension: it all depends on the context.

HIF1 and HIF2 can play complementary, opposing or unrelated roles in mediating the response to low oxygen levels in different cell types. This study shows HIF2 plays a dominant role in mediating the development of PH in response to environmental hypoxia.http://bit.ly/2Cy46sR
Comparison of 1,2-Diarylcyclopropanecarboxylates with 1,2,2-Triarylcyclopropanecarboxylates as Chiral Ligands for Dirhodium-Catalyzed Cyclopropanation and C-H Functionalization.

Dirhodium triarylcyclopropanecarboxylate catalysts (Rh2TPCP4) are sterically demanding and capable of con-trolling the site selectivity of C—H functionalization by means of C—H insertion with donor...
“The stiletto in Putin’s side”: Analyzing Russian media coverage of the only female presidential candidate in 2018

Ksenia Sobchak,, the only female candidate to make it to Election Day in the 2018 Russian presidential elections, faced many gender and political hurdles. We conducted quantitative content-analysis...
Longitudinal Data Analysis

Longitudinal studies are quite common in modern clinical trials and cohort studies. Unlike cross-sectional designs, where observations from study subjects are available only at a single time point, individuals in longitudinal or cohort studies are assessed repeatedly over time. By taking advantages of multiple snapshots of a group over time, data from longitudinal studies captures both between-individual differences and within-individual dynamics, affording the opportunity to study more complicated biological, psychological, and behavioral hypotheses than their cross-sectional counterparts.
Sketching in Bayesian High Dimensional Regression With Big Data Using Gaussian Scale Mixture Priors.

Bayesian computation of high dimensional linear regression models with a popular Gaussian scale mixture prior distribution using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) or its variants can be extremely slow or completely prohibitive due to the heavy computational cost that grows in the cubic order of p, with p as the number of features. Although a few recently developed algorithms make the computation efficient in presence of a small to moderately large sample size (with the complexity growing in the cubic order of n), the computation becomes intractable when sample size n is also large. In this article we adopt the data sketching approach to compress the n original samples by a random linear transformation to m<<n samples in p dimensions, and compute Bayesian regression with Gaussian scale mixture prior distributions with the randomly compressed response vector and feature matrix. Our proposed approach yields computational complexity growing in the cubic order of m. Another important motivation for this compression procedure is that it anonymizes the data by revealing little information about the original data in the course of analysis. Our detailed empirical investigation with the Horseshoe prior from the class of Gaussian scale mixture priors shows closely similar inference and a massive reduction in per iteration computation time of the proposed approach compared to the regression with the full sample. One notable contribution of this article is to derive posterior contraction rate for high dimensional predictor coefficient with a general class of shrinkage priors on them under data compression/sketching. In particular, we characterize the dimension of the compressed response vector m as a function of the sample size, number of predictors and sparsity in the regression to guarantee accurate estimation of predictor coefficients asymptotically, even after data compression.
Genome-wide association mapping and genomic prediction for adult stage sclerotinia stem rot resistance in Brassica napus (L) under field environments

Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) is a fungal disease of rapeseed/canola that causes significant seed yield losses and reduces its oil content and quality. In the present study, the reaction of 187 diverse canola genotypes to SSR was characterized at full flowering stage using the agar plug to stem inoculation method in four environments. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) using three different algorithms identified 133 significant SNPs corresponding with 123 loci for disease traits like stem lesion length (LL), lesion width (LW), and plant mortality at 14 (PM_14D) and 21 (PM_21D) days. The explained phenotypic variation of these SNPs ranged from 3.6 to 12.1%. Nineteen significant SNPs were detected in two or more environments, disease traits with at least two GWAS algorithms. The strong correlations observed between LL and other three disease traits evaluated, suggest they could be used as proxies for SSR resistance phenotyping. Sixty-nine candidate genes associated with disease resistance mechanisms were identified. Genomic prediction (GP) analysis with all the four traits employing genome-wide markers resulted in 0.41-0.64 predictive ability depending on the model specifications. The highest predictive ability for PM_21D with three models was about 0.64. From our study, the identified resistant genotypes and stable significant SNP markers will serve as a valuable resource for future SSR resistance breeding. Our study also suggests that genomic selection holds promise for accelerating canola breeding progress by enabling breeders to select SSR resistance genotypes at the early stage by reducing the need to phenotype large numbers of genotypes.
A group package recommender based on learning group preferences, multi-criteria decision analysis, and voting

This paper proposes a group package recommender framework, which provides recommendations on dynamically defined packages of products and services. It focuses on extending recommender systems in three ways: (1) to consider composite, rather than atomic, recommendations; (2) to deal with multiple, rather than single, criteria associated with recommendations; and, most importantly; (3) to support groups of users rather than individual users. This framework is based on: (1) defining the space of alternatives; (2) eliciting the utility function for each individual decision maker; (3) estimating the group utility function; (4) using the group utility function to find an optimal recommendation alternative; (5) constructing a set of diverse recommendations which contain the optimal recommendation alternative; and (6) applying alternative voting methods from social choice theories, to refine the recommendations. To evaluate the group recommender performance under each applied voting method, a preliminary experimental real-world user study is conducted, which shows that the proposed framework is able to produce a small set of recommendations that retain near optimal recommendations in terms of precision and recall.
Enhancing the Gulf of Mexico Coastal Ocean Observing System Regional Association (GCOOS RA): Activities of the GCOOS Education and Outreach Council

The Gulf of Mexico Coastal Ocean Observing System Regional Association (GCOOS RA) provides strong support for its Education and Outreach Council (EOC). In addition to 10% of program funds going toward education and outreach initiatives, Board members and members from other commutees routinely participate in EOC activities. As a result, the GCOOS RA has been able to serve an active role in both Gulf-wide and national IOOS Education and Outreach (E/O) development This paper presents activities of the EOC. Included are results from outreach to recreational boaters, fishermen and divers, K-12 and informal educators, and extension personnel from state agencies, aquariums, and science centers. Also discussed are collaborations with other regional and national programs including the EPA-Gulf of Mexico Program, Coastal America, the Gulf of Mexico Alliance, and the National Federation of Regional Associations.
Management of Malignant Polyps

Malignant polyp is a term that is used when a polyp is removed by colonoscopy that appears grossly benign but has adenocarcinoma identified histologically (Fig. 1). The clinical issues in this setting are more difficult than in a patient who has had a surgical resection because of a large sessile polyp or suspected malignancy where a surgical specimen and adjacent lymph nodes are available for staging. The management of patients with malignant polyps has assumed increased importance in recent years as a result of more widespread screening in the general population, and especially with introduction of colonoscopy as a screening option [1,2]. A decision must be made in each of these patients whether to consider the colonoscopic polypectomy curative or refer the patient for surgery. This decision is compounded when an asymptomatic person has been induced to have a screening test that uncovers the unsuspected pathology. Management decisions require an assessment of the pathology, risk of adverse outcome, risk of surgery and colonoscopic follow-up, and the available surgical options. There are additional considerations in high-risk patients, e.g. those with a family history suggesting hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), long-standing inflammatory bowel disease, and familial polyposis. This chapter deals primarily with the average risk patient.
Critical Engine Layout Dimensions

A critical layout dimension is an engine parameter, which characterizes an aspect of an engine. Examples of critical layout dimension are: displacement, cylinder bore diameter, stroke, number of cylinders, connecting rod length, and deck height. Many factors drive the critical layout dimensions of an engine. The art of engine design is balancing the tradeoffs to meet the technical goals for the engine. This chapter discusses these critical layout dimensions. Keywords: engine; displacement; fuel; cylinder
Ultra-high gradient acceleration of electrons by laser wakefield plasma waves

Summary form only given, as follows. Short, intense laser pulses can be produced by table top laser systems utilizing the chirped-pulse-amplification (CPA) technique to have femto-second pulse lengths and terawatt power levels. These laser pulses have very good beam qualities which allow them to be focused to intensities in excess of 10/sup 18/ W/cm/sup 2/. At such intensities, the wiggling motion caused by the laser field of the electrons in a plasma reaches relativistic velocities. The electrons can experience a tremendous ponderomotive force from the radiation pressure and be expelled from the vicinity of the laser pulse. When the intense laser pulse propagates through a plasma with the appropriate density, the expelled electrons can resonantly excite a large amplitude plasma wave in the wake of the laser pulse, the laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA). This wakefield plasma wave has phase velocity close to the speed of light and longitudinal electric field strength of tens of GV/m. Self-trapped plasma electrons or externally injected electrons can be accelerated by the wakefield to multi-MeV energies in distances of mm's. The LWFA mechanism and other laser driven plasma acceleration schemes will be reviewed. Recent experimental results of electron acceleration to 100 MeV, efforts to extend acceleration distances to beyond Rayleigh diffraction lengths, and the laser ionization and ponderomotive acceleration (LIPA) electron injection scheme will be presented.
Advances in the Application of the Image Orthicon to Astronomy

Publisher Summary Northwestern University operates two modest observatories that largely on an experimental basis, in the application of the image orthicon tube to astroncmica1 problems, as part of a larger planned program of the use of various photoelectric image devices in astronomy. The application of the image orthicon and related devices in astronomy lies particularly in the applications in that speed is essential, especially “real-time” speed, but fine detail resolution is not necessary. The experience with the image orthicon has convinced that this tube, and allied photoelectric image devices, can be an important tool in astronomy, and a valuable supplement and ally to traditional methods of photographic astronomy. This chapter focuses on electronic system for the lunar program and supernova detection, an astronomical program of considerable significance is the search for supernovae by a systematic monitoring of distant galaxies. Supernova detection is a program for that the image orthicon is well suited but one in which the use of ordinary photography would be extremely awkward. At present, photographic searches for supernovae are tedious, and occasionally weeks pass before a supernova that was there when the plate was taken is discovered. The electronic system has several features of interest. The scanning system is different from traditional systems: the horizontal sweep waveform generator free-runs, and during each retrace interval the vertical position is stepped a controllable amount; thus it is possible to control horizontal sweep speed and the number of scanning lines per frame independently.
Obesity and Diabetes

The prevalence of chronic, life-threatening diseases is increasing worldwide at an alarming rate. With about 18 million people dying every day, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) play a major role in the all-cause mortality list, prompting health organizations toward the identification of important risk factors and sustainable prevention strategies. Obesity and diabetes represent prominent predisposing conditions for CVD, and their increasing prevalence is becoming an unbearable challenge. In fact, obesity is generally associated with high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hyperleptinemia, and a low-grade chronic inflammatory status, which are risk factors of coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), congestive heart failure (CHF), and atrial fibrillation (AF). Also, diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance are independently associated with CAD and ventricular dysfunction. More than 1.1 billion of adults worldwide are overweight and around 300 million of them are obese. In addition, around 346 million people suffer from diabetes according to the World Health Organization, which estimates that the 3.4 million of deaths caused by hyperglycemia will duplicate in 2030. Several pathways implied in the development of CVD in obese or diabetic patients have been identified, but therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing mortality showed controversial results. Educational plans aimed at promoting a healthy lifestyle are likely to be crucial to counteract the pandemia of cardiometabolic diseases.
African American Islam: A Reflection

Events involving African American Muslims in the 21st century necessitate a reflection on African American Muslim communities in the 20th century to provide context. As members of these communities, move to define Islam in America, an historical trail is critical.
Staying Alive and Finding the Balance - An Interview with Scholar-Translator Dr. Kathryn Hellerstein

An interview with Kathryn Hellerstein, a translator of Yiddish poetry into English, a poet, and a professor of Yiddish at the University of Pennsylvania, conducted on March 11th, 2015.
Speech recognition in the F-16 cockpit using principal spectral components

A modification of the usual LPC speaker-dependent speech recognition algorithms yielded significantly improved recognition performance in an F-16 fighter cockpit environment.The LPC model is first transformed into spectral amplitudes using asimulated filter bank. Statistically optimum linear transformation of the filter bank amplitudes to "principal spectral components" (PSC) provides a set of uncorrelated features. These features are rank ordered and the least significant features are discarded. The data base used for experiments consisted of 5 male speakers uttering a 70-word vocabulary ten times for training in 85 dBA noise level, and 3 times for test in each of 97, 106 and 112 dBA noise levels. The PSC method yielded about half the number of substitutions of the standard LPC method.
Inhibition of SUR1 decreases the vascular permeability of cerebral metastases.

Inhibition of sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) by glyburide has been shown to decrease edema after subarachnoid hemorrhage. We investigated if inhibiting SUR1 reduces cerebral edema due to metastases, the most common brain tumor, and explored the putative association of SUR1 and the endothelial tight junction protein, zona occludens-1 (ZO-1). Nude rats were intracerebrally implanted with small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) LX1 or A2058 melanoma cells (n = 36). Rats were administered vehicle, glyburide (4.8 µg twice, orally), or dexamethasone (0.35 mg, intravenous). Blood-tumor barrier (BTB) permeability (Ktrans) was evaluated before and after treatment using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. SUR1 and ZO-1 expression was evaluated using immunofluorescence and Western blots. In both models, SUR1 expression was significantly increased (P .05). Both glyburide (P < .001) and dexamethasone (P < .01) decreased ZO-1 gap formation. By decreasing ZO-1 gaps, glyburide was at least as effective as dexamethasone at halting increased BTB permeability caused by SCLC and melanoma. Glyburide is a safe, inexpensive, and efficacious alternative to dexamethasone for the treatment of cerebral metastasis-related vasogenic edema.
Small centrifugal pumps for low-thrust rockets

This paper presents the results of a combined analytical and experimental investigation of low specific speed pumps for potential use as components of propellant feed systems for low thrust rocket engines. Shrouded impellers and open face impellers were tested in volute type and vaned diffuser type pumps. Full- and partial-emission diffusers and full- and partial-admission impellers were tested. Axial and radial loads, head and efficiency versus flow, and cavitation tests were conducted. Predicted performance of two pumps are compared when pumping water and liquid hydrogen. Detailed pressure loss and parasitic power values are presented for two pump configurations. Partial-emission diffusers were found to permit use of larger impeller and diffuser passages with a minimal performance penalty. Normal manufacturing tolerances were found to result in substantial power requirement variation with only a small pressure rise change. Impeller wear ring leakage was found to reduce pump pressure rise to an increasing degree as the pump flowrate was decreased.