cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Systematic 63 Cu NQR study of the stripe phase in La 1.6 − x Nd 0.4 Sr x CuO 4 for 0.07 x 0.25

We demonstrate that the integrated intensity of Cu-63 nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) in La(1.6-x)Nd(0.4)Sr(x)CuO(4) decreases dramatically below the charge-stripe ordering temperature T(charge). Comparison with neutron and X-ray scattering indicates that the wipeout fraction F(T) (i.e. the missing fraction of the integrated intensity of the NQR signal) represents the charge-stripe order parameter. The systematic study reveals bulk charge-stripe order throughout the superconducting region 0.07 <= x <= 0.25. As a function of the reduced temperature t = T/T(charge), the temperature dependence of F(t) is sharpest for the hole concentration x=1/8, indicating that x=1/8 is the optimum concentration for stripe formation.
Serum Insulin-like Activity of Normal, Fasting, and Ketotic Cattle, ,

Summary The serum insulin-like activity (ILA) of 14 normal, four fasted, and 14 ketotic cows was determined by bioassay, using the uptake of glucose by the rat diaphragm in response to minute quantities of insulin as the assay system. The mean serum ILA of the normal cows was 1.94 ± .24 mm of insulin/ml and for the ketotic cows 1.25 ± .23 mm/ml. This difference is significant at the 0.05 level. Cows fasted for a 72-hr period exhibited an average decrease in serum ILA of 31%. This decrease in serum ILA on fasting indicates that the blood level of insulin is probably a reflection of the altered levels of blood metabolites associated with the fasting and ketotic conditions.
Inside the Minds of Narcissists: How Narcissistic Leaders’ Cognitive Processes Contribute to Abusive Supervision

Although a growing body of work examines follower outcomes of abusive supervision (see Schyns & Schilling, 2013; Tepper, 2007 for reviews), scant attention has been paid to the perpetrators despite Tepper’s (2007) call for future theoretical models to consider how leader characteristics, such as narcissism, might predispose leaders toward abusive behaviors. To address these issues, we develop a conceptual model that details how narcissistic leaders’ cognitive processes may promote abusive supervision.
Precision energy measurements of gamma rays occurring in the decays of 165Dy and 193Os

Abstract A curved-crystal spectrometer has been utilized to obtain energy measurements of 22 gamma rays between 73 keV and 715 keV occurring in the decays of 165 Dy (T 1 2 = 2.4 h ) and 193 Os (T 1 2 =31 h ) . Some of these energy measurements have sufficiently small uncertainties associated with them to make them useful for the calibration of Ge(Li) spectra.
A new framework for direction-of-arrival estimation

A new approach for spatial direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation is developed based on the minimum mean-square error (MMSE) framework. Unlike many traditional DOA estimators, the MMSE approach, denoted as Re-Iterative Super-Resolution (RISR), does not employ spatial sample covariance information which may significantly degrade DOA estimation if spatially-separated sources are temporally correlated. Instead, RISR is a recursive algorithm that relies on a structured signal covariance matrix comprised of the set of possible spatial steering vectors each weighted by an associated power estimate from the previous iteration. Furthermore, RISR can naturally accommodate prior information on spatially colored noise, does not require knowledge of the number of sources, and can also exploit multiple time samples in a non-coherent manner to improve performance. For low to moderate time sample support, RISR is demonstrated to provide super-resolution performance superior to MUSIC and spatially-smoothed MUSIC.
RECURRENT OTITIS MEDIA AND CHRONIC SINUSITIS (OM/SIN) ARE COMMON PRESENTING FEATURES AND COMPLICATIONS IN PEDIATRIC HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) INFECTION

RECURRENT OTITIS MEDIA AND CHRONIC SINUSITIS (OM/SIN) ARE COMMON PRESENTING FEATURES AND COMPLICATIONS IN PEDIATRIC HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) INFECTION
Rare-earth doped particles with tunable infrared emissions for biomedical imaging

The tunability, brightness, and energy efficiencies of infrared-emitting rare earth doped nanomaterials are important performance parameters for biomedical imaging applications. In this work, hexagonal phase NaYF4:Yb3+, Ln3+ (Ho3+, Tm3+ and Pr3+) was synthesized and optimized using a facile hydrothermal method in the presence of poly(vinyl-pyrrolidone). Distinct infrared emission peaks were measured at 1185, 1310 and 1475 nm upon excitation at 980 nm. The optical efficiencies of NaYF4:Yb3+, Ln3+ at optimal concentrations were measured to quantify the brightness of these particles in comparison to that of NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ particles. Efficiencies were ranked as Er3+>Ho3+>Tm3+>Pr3+.
Is concomitant cholecystectomy necessary in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery

Background Morbid obesity is associated with a high prevalence of cholecystopathy, and there is an increased risk of cholelithiasis during rapid weight loss following gastric bypass. In the era of open gastric bypass prophylactic cholecystectomy was advocated. However, routine cholecystectomy at laparoscopic gastric bypass is controversial.
Large plane deformations of rectangular elastic sheets

The large deformation of a plane Mooney sheet is considered. The total potential energy of the deformed sheet is written in terms of the gradient of functions describing the deformed configuration. The minimum potential energy principle and the Ritz procedure are used to obtain the solution. Nonhomogeneous deformations of a rectangular sheet under uniaxial stretching are given as an example.
Electronic crystal spectra for coordination complexes of platinum(II)

Abstract The limited number of crystals of platinum(II), discussed here have provided a great deal of information both about the molecular energy levels and about crystal interactions. The spectra have provided a definitive assignment of energy states of PtCl24 from the vibronic selection rules in a system with a rigorous center of symmetry. With KPt(NH3)Cl3·H2O the effect of a ligand field asymmetry combined with vibronic excitation has been demonstrated. With Pt(en)Cl2, however, spectra are dominated by crystal effects, and compelling evidence for the excitation of ionic exciton has been uncovered. Each of these crystals possesses a structure in either tetragonal or orthorhombic lattices with alignment of ions or molecules which could scarcely be more favorable for interpretation. Unfortunately, such ideal structures must be rare. In addition, it is necessary to prepare exceedingly thin and fragile crystals in order to exploit even the highly forbidden d-d bands. Limitations in preparative techniques for crystals suitable for spectral work may well severely curtail the number of systems which can be studied profitably.
Enhancement of the effective resolution of mass spectra of high-mass biomolecules by maximum entropy-based deconvolution to eliminate the isotopic natural abundance distribution

Although high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry can resolve individual isotopic masses for biomolecules of more than 100 ku, its effective mass accuracy is limited by the distribution of naturally occurring rare isotopes (13C, 15N, 18O, 34S, etc.). In this article, we compare least-squares and maximum entropy methods for deconvolution of the isotopic natural abundance distribution to narrow the mass spectral isotopic abundance envelope for greatly enhanced effective mass resolution. We apply both methods to yield deconvolved high-resolution deuterium distributions for peptides and proteins subjected to H/D exchange prior to electrospray Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass analysis. In addition, we show that even unresolved isotopic envelopes from a quadrupole mass spectrometer can be narrowed for considerably improved resolution there as well.
DEVELOPMENT OF TRUCK WEIGHT REGULATIONS USING BRIDGE RELIABILITY MODEL

Historically, truck regulations have maintained controls on axle and gross weights with legal load formulas based on limiting allowable stresses in certain types of bridges. These stress limitations do not usually lead to consistent or defensible safety levels and also ignore the cost impact of the weight regulation on the national bridge network. This paper illustrates how new truck weight regulations can be developed to provide acceptable safety levels. Target safety levels are derived from existing AASHTO bridge evaluation and rating procedures applied to structures showing adequate performance levels. Reliability indices are used to relate the statistics of bridge load effects, based on either existing or proposed truck weight regulations, to the dynamic behavior and resistance variables of existing bridges. The sensitivity of the results to various assumptions and errors in the database is also analyzed. An accompanying paper reviews the consequences of adapting such a formula on the safety of existing bridges. The deterministic analysis as well as a reliability assessment are performed in the accompanying paper to review the consequences of adapting such regulations on the U.S. bridge network using the National Bridge Inventory files.
Three-Dimensional Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Materials Constructed from One-Dimensional Copper Diamine Coordination Polymers Linked by Bridging Oxoanion Tetrahedra: [Cu(dpe)(MoO4)] and [Cu(dpe)(SO4)(H2O)] (dpe = 1,2-trans-(4-pyridyl)ethene)

The hydrothermal reaction of CuSO4·5H2O, dpe, MoO3, and water in the mole ratio 1:2:2:900 at 120 °C for 111 h yielded [Cu(dpe)(MoO4)] (1). Upon omitting the molybdate component, the reaction of CuSO4·5H2O, dpe and water in the mole ratio 1:1:1111 at 120 °C for 72 h yielded [Cu(dpe)(SO4)(H2O)] (2). The structure of 1 is constructed from {Cu(dpe)}2+ linear chains bridged through {MoO4}2- tetrahedra into a three-dimensional framework, while that of 2 consists of {Cu(dpe)}2+ chains bridged through {SO4}2- tetrahedra. However, while the {MoO4}2- units of 1 adopt the η3-coordination mode, each linking three adjacent chains, the {SO4}2- units of 2 assume η2-coordination and bridge only two neighboring chains. These differences in {EO4}2- coordination modes are reflected in the dramatically different three-dimensional structures displayed by 1 and 2. Crystal data: C12H10CuMoN2O4 (1), orthorhombic Pbcn, a = 22.0462(1) A, b = 12.2957(2) A, c = 9.7560(2) A, V = 2644.59(7) A,3 Z = 8, Dcalc = 2.038 g cm-3; 3202 refle...
Personal Decisions Are the Leading Cause of Death

This paper analyzes the relationships between personal decisions and premature deaths in the United States. The analysis indicates that over one million of the 2.4 million deaths in 2000 can be attributed to personal decisions and could have been avoided if readily available alternative choices were made. Separate analyses indicate 46% of deaths due to heart disease and 66% of cancer deaths are attributable to personal decisions, about 55% of all deaths for ages 15--64 are attributable to personal decisions, and over 94% of the deaths attributable to personal decisions result in the death of the individual making the decisions. Relative to the current 45%, retrospective appraisal suggests that roughly 5% of deaths in 1900 and 20%--25% of deaths in 1950 could be attributed to personal decisions. These results suggest that more effort directed toward improving personal choices regarding life risks may be an effective and economical way to save lives.
Enhanced tumor growth in experimental whole body hyperthermia

The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction of heat and chemotherapy in experimental whole body hyperthermia (WBH). A vascular technique of extracorporeal perfusion was employed to rapidly elevate body temperature in rabbits carrying the transplantable VX-2 carcinoma. Hyperthermia (greater than 41 degrees C) was achieved in a mean time of 28 minutes. Tumor-bearing rabbits receiving WBH alone exhibited poor mean survival (14 days) relative to untreated tumor-bearing animals (32 days) and the group receiving IV Cis-platinum alone (50 days) (NS, p less than .05 respectively). WBH with Cis-platinum was intermediate in terms of mean survival (30 days, NS) between the WBH alone and Cis-platinum alone groups. In this experimental model we have determined WBH to be a detrimental form of cancer therapy. Its action appears to enhance tumor proliferation, resulting in rapid animal demise. In light of these findings a reevaluation of clinical WBH may be warranted.
Elbow joint contact study: Comparison of techniques

Elucidation of the contact areas between joint surfaces is important to both prosthetic design and the understanding of degeneration of articular cartilage. Numerous experimental methods are available to study joint contact, including cartilage staining, joint space casting, and pressure sensitive film techniques. This study attempts to compare the ability of each experimental technique to determine elbow joint contact. The silicone casting technique appears to be the best method to study joint contact area. The effects of magnitude and orientation of applied forces on the elbow joint contact patterns are studied.
On-chip metallization layers for reflective light valves

The metallization layers required for a silicon-based reflective liquid crystal light valve have been developed and integrated with a medium-voltage CMOS process using standard microelectronic manufacturing tools. Unique requirements include the following: 1) shielding the Si devices from incident light so that electron-hole pairs are not formed; 2) high optical throughput and contrast, which are dependent on the mirror fill factor, reflectivity, and flatness; 3) pixel storage capacitance to maintain the voltage across the liquid crystal cell with sufficient accuracy to select the desired gray level until the data are updated; and 4) precise control of the liquid crystal cell thickness without spacers obscuring the mirrors. Wafers have been successfully fabricated to support a technology demonstration of a 2048 × 2048-pixel ("four-million-pixel") projection display. The process is based on a medium-voltage CMOS process and uses six masks (for three metal levels, one via level, and two insulator levels) after Si device processing has been completed.
Removal of noncollagenous components affects dentin bonding.

The structural integrity of fibrillar type I collagen is critical for effective dentin bonding. Since most noncollagenous matrix components in dentin are closely associated with collagen, we hypothesized that they may also contribute to dentin bonding. To test this hypothesis, bovine dentin was acid-etched, treated with chondroitinase ABC (C-ABC), endo-β-galactosidase (Endo-β), or trypsin. Controls were prepared in the same manner but without the enzymes. All control and experimental specimens were then bonded with One-Step. Bond strength data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Fisher's PLSD test (p 0.05). When the treated dentin surfaces were observed under SEM, the C-ABC and trypsin treated groups revealed significant loss of collagen fibril architecture. The results indicate that chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans and trypsin-digestible noncollagenous proteins play roles in maintaining the open dimensions of the collagen fibril scaffold, which is essential for optimal dentin bonding. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2007
Multiple Selves, Multiple Gods? Functional Polytheism and the Postmodern Religious Patient

The experience of self as multiple and the sense of self as unified and continuous are both experiential realities with equal psychological importance. Clinically, appreciation of both the multiplicity and unity of self engenders a corresponding attention to the “functional polytheism” in the religious lives of patients. In both the psychological and religious realms, there needs to be some ground beneath us when we are standing in the spaces between multiple self-states and multiple god-states.
Committed dating relationships and mental health among college students

Abstract Objective: To examine whether involvement in committed dating relationships is associated with university students’ mental health (depressive symptoms and problem alcohol use, including binge drinking), and whether these associations differ by gender. Participants: A sample of 889 undergraduate students aged 18 to 25. Methods: Self-report measures of dating relationship status, depression, and problematic alcohol use were collected via an online survey from August to December 2010. Results: Involvement in a committed relationship, compared with being single, was associated with fewer depressive symptoms for college women but not for men. Committed relationship involvement was also associated with less problematic alcohol use for both genders. Conclusions: Findings suggest that involvement in committed relationships may be protective to college student mental health, and highlight the potential of healthy relationship programming to benefit student well-being.
The nonstress test.

The NST has been used extensively in the management of high-risk pregnancies and has been a useful preliminary screening test. However, lack of standardization and multiple testing protocols have made comparisons of reports difficult. The high false-positive rate for protocols not extended for long periods have required back-up testing with other biophysical means whenever there is nonreactivity. Continued research is required to define "normal" reactivity. Meanwhile, ongoing investigations in the area of fetal stimulation may be helpful in arousing the non-reactive sleeping fetus. The benefit of the NST is in its simplicity. Busy practitioners can use it in the office, and large testing centers can screen greater numbers of patients in an effective manner. Given a reactive test, a high expectation of normal outcome is warranted. The false-negative rate, however, for diabetes, postdates, and IUGR, warrant twice-weekly testing. Attention to other baseline characteristics, such as bradycardia and minivariables, coupled with sequential NST evaluation should improve NPV by potentially diagnosing compromise earlier.
A new method of continuous venovenous rewarming

Abstract Purpose Hypothermia is a significant problem in medicine and is part of a deadly triad, including hypothermia, acidosis, and coagulopathy. Multiple methods of rewarming are used to treat moderate hypothermia. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of continuous venovenous rewarming (CVVR) using the FMS 2000 (Belmont Instrument Corp., Billerica, Massachusetts) in conjunction with external rewarming techniques versus external rewarming alone in the porcine model. Methods Ten subject animals, each weighing approximately 40 kg, were evenly divided and randomly assigned to either a control group using external rewarming techniques alone or the CVVR group utilizing the FMS 2000 in addition to the external rewarming techniques used in the control group. Hypothermia was induced in the swine model using cold water immersion to achieve a core temperature of 30°C. Both esophageal and rectal temperature probes were used to monitor and record core body temperatures every 15 minutes during the experiment. Each study animal was then rewarmed until a core temperature of at least 37°C was recorded in both the esophageal and rectal probes. The animals were observed clinically for 3 days after the study. Results The average time required to rewarm the control group was 253 minutes, compared with 113 minutes in the CVVR group. After 30 minutes of rewarming, the difference between the 2 groups with respect to core temperature was statistically significant (p = 0.002). A drop in core temperature after the initiation of rewarming, or after-drop, was noted in the control group animals, but not in the CVVR group. This difference was statistically significant after 15 minutes of rewarming (p = 0.015) Conclusions Venovenous rewarming utilizing the FMS 2000 fluid management system is more effective than is standard therapy alone for rewarming in the moderately hypothermic porcine model. This finding may prove clinically useful in the treatment of patients suffering from moderate hypothermia.
Approximate dynamic programming using model-free Bellman Residual Elimination

This paper presents an modification to the method of Bellman Residual Elimination (BRE) [1], [2] for approximate dynamic programming. While prior work on BRE has focused on learning an approximate policy for an underlying Markov Decision Process (MDP) when the state transition model of the MDP is known, this work proposes a model-free variant of BRE that does not require knowledge of the state transition model. Instead, state trajectories of the system, generated using simulation and/or observations of the real system in operation, are used to build stochastic approximations of the quantities needed to carry out the BRE algorithm. The resulting algorithm can be shown to converge to the policy produced by the nominal, model-based BRE algorithm in the limit of observing an infinite number of trajectories. To validate the performance of the approach, we compare model-based and model-free BRE against LSPI [3], a well-known approximate dynamic programming algorithm. Measuring performance in terms of both computational complexity and policy quality, we present results showing that BRE performs at least as well as, and sometimes significantly better than, LSPI on a standard benchmark problem.
Superiority of PCNU over AZQ in the treatment of primary brain tumors: results of a prospective randomized trial (81-20) by the brain tumor study group

A two-arm randomized clinical trial was performed to determine the efficacy of PCNU and AZQ in the treatment ofde novo or recurrent primary brain tumors. An additional objective was to gather information on the administration and toxicity of these compounds, supplementing that obtained previously in phase I/II studies. During 1982 and 1983 the Brain Tumor Study Group randomized 152 adult patients with primary brain tumors to receive PCNU 75–100 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) every 8 weeks or AZQ 15 mg/m2 IV once a week for 4 weeks, every 6–8 weeks. All patients who had not received ‘full dose’ radiotherapy before randomization received it concurrently with the first course of protocol chemotherapy. The data were analyzed for the total randomized population (RP), and for 130 patients in the valid study group (VSG) formed by excluding 22 patients for whom the histologic diagnosis was not documented by central review. Median survival times were 11.0 months for the PCNU group and 8.4 months for the AZQ group. The difference in survival curves was statistically significant for the RP (p=0.01) and the VSG (p=0.02). Lifetable analysis of the VSG showed estimated 2-year survivals of 34% for PCNU and 11% for AZQ. The advantage of PCNU remained significant (p=0.006) after adjustment for histopathologic category, age, initial performance status, and interval from initial reported surgery. Myelosuppression was the principal toxicity in both groups.
Dependence-producing properties of alprazolam in the dog

Alprazolam (48 mg/kg/day) administered orally to dogs 4 times a day in equally divided doses produced physical dependence. This dependence was revealed by a precipitated abstinence syndrome which occurred after either oral administration of flumazenil (6, 18 and 36 mg/kg) or intravenous administration of a liposomal suspension of flumazenil. Flumazenil alone (18, 36 and 72 mg/kg) produced no significant signs of precipitated abstinence in naive dogs. This precipitated abstinence syndrome in alprazolam-dependent dogs was characterized by both clonic and tonic-clonic seizures. Other signs of precipitated abstinence which comprise the NPAS score were less intense in the alprazolam-dependent than in diazepam-dependent dogs. Alprazolam is extensively metabolized in the dog and does not accumulate whereas its predominant metabolite, alpha hydroxyalprazolam, does accumulate. The data suggest that alpha hydroxyalprazolam plays a role in the dependence-producing properties of alprazolam in the dog as revealed by the precipitated abstinence syndrome.
Testing a Predictive Model of Voter Behavior on the 2000 U.S. Presidential Election

Abstract Utilizing a predictive model of voter behavior, this study identified the motivations behind a sample of voters who cast a ballot for George W. Bush and AI Gore in the 2000 presidential campaign. The motivations of the voters were differentiated on the basis of the “value” they sought in a president. In other words, just as companies in the “commercial marketplace” have to create value to attract customers, so does a candidate in the “political marketplace” who is seeking to carve out a niche for himself that separates him from his competition. Pairwise discriminant analysis is used to identify the motivations behind the choice behavior of voters at both the candidate and party level. The results reveal the complimentary roles that the political party and each candidate's campaign organization played in their respective marketing strategies.
Effect of sympathetic denervation on the 5-hydroxytryptamine levels of the submaxillary glands of rats

Abstract Sympathetic denervation of submaxillary glands of rats by means of superior cervical ganglionectomy resulted in significant increases of the 5-hydroxytryptamine concentration and total 5-hydroxytryptamine content. Sympathetic denervation reduced significantly the weight of the glands but this decrease was less marked than the previously observed reduction in gland weight following immunosympathectomy. These observations indicated that absence of sympathetic innervation may be responsible for the previously observed increase of the 5-hydroxytryptamine levels in a number of peripheral tissues of rats following immunosympathectomy.
Ability of the 1992 and 1997 American Joint Committee on Cancer staging systems for prostate cancer to predict progression-free survival after radical prostatectomy for stage T2 disease

Purpose: In a revised 1997 edition the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging for prostate cancer reduced the subdivision of T2 disease from 3 (T2a, T2b and T2c) to 2 substages by combining single lobe disease (T2a and T2b) into a single stage, now termed T2a. We retrospectively reviewed a large series of men with clinically organ confined prostate cancer who underwent surgery by a single surgeon to determine how this change affected the ability of the staging system to predict outcome.Materials and Methods: Of 2,293 cases treated with radical prostatectomy from 1982 to 1998, 1,314 were clinically staged to have T2 disease. We analyzed the freedom from biochemical prostate specific antigen (PSA) progression after radical prostatectomy according to the 1992 and 1997 AJCC staging criteria.Results: Overall the actuarial 5 and 10-year biochemical progression-free survival rates for the whole group were 82% and 71%, respectively. The actuarial recurrence-free rate was significantly different for pat...
Variance-component estimation with model-based diagnostics

The problem of estimating variance components in mixed linear models has no satisfactory solution for the unbalanced data case. Further, there has been little work on diagnostic methods for assessing the data and the model. In this article, we propose a new class of unbiased estimators. These estimators have simple closed-form expressions allowing for smallsample analysis and easy computations. The structure of the estimators reveals natural diagnostics for examining the data and the model assumptions. The source of negative estimates of variance components is revealed. Limited efficiency studies indicate that these estimators are comparable to existing estimators. The estimators are illustrated by two numerical examples that reveal the importance of the diagnostic analysis.
Coded multipulse position modulation in a noisy optical channel

In this paper, Reed-Solomon codes are applied to a multipulse position modulation scheme derived from a combinatorial design. Under high noise background radiation level, threshold detection of this system offers a better performance compared to a RS coded standard PPM system, considering the same information efficiency in nats per photon, and a similar bandwidth expansion factor.
X-ray phase plate.

An x-ray analog of the classic Fresnel rhomb can be devised using multiple Bragg reflections from a perfect crystal. A single, channel-cut crystal can provide phase shifts between coherent \ensuremath{\sigma} and \ensuremath{\pi} polarizations ranging from 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 200\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. Rapid alterations between left and right circular polarizations can be obtained through a simple angular shift provided by a piezoelectric drive.
MARKING TIME: THE CONSERVATION OF HANNE DARBOVEN’S SEVEN PANELS AND INDEX

AbstractIn 1977, the Art Institute of Chicago acquired Seven Panels and Index, a pivotal work by the German Conceptual artist Hanne Darboven. Representative of Darboven’s calendrical ‘non-writing’, the piece consists of 266 sheets of soft graphite on paper, 823 pieces of pressure-sensitive tape, particle board, and aluminum framing elements. It is monumental in scale (3.81 × 7.67 meters) and complex in its construction. Improper storage of the work had resulted in near catastrophic damage. In the course of its three-month-Iong treatment, Seven Panels and Index was completely disassembled, all pressure-sensitive tape was removed and adhesive residues were reduced. After stabilization, humidification and flattening, the work was reassembled using ‘archival’ tape, reformatted and reframed. This presentation explores technical and ethical conservation challenges, elucidates recent advances in the analysis of pressure-sensitive tape adhesives, and offers a thought provoking approach to the conservation of twen...
Regulation of RUNX2 transcription factor–DNA interactions and cell proliferation by vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) prohormone activity

The fat-soluble prohormone cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) is a precursor of the circulating 25-OH Vitamin D3, which is converted by 1α-hydroxylase to the biologically active 1,25-OH Vitamin D3. Active Vitamin D3 interacts with the Vitamin D receptor (VDR), a transcription factor that plays an important role in calcium mobilization and bone formation. RUNX2 is a DNA-binding transcription factor that regulates target genes important in bone formation, angiogenesis, and cancer metastasis. Using computer-assisted drug design (CADD) and a microtiter plate-based DNA-binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (D-ELISA) to measure nuclear RUNX2 DNA binding, we have found that Vitamin D3 prohormones can modulate RUNX2 DNA binding, which was dose-dependent and sensitive to trypsin, salt, and phosphatase treatment. Unlabeled oligonucleotide or truncated, dominant negative RUNX2 proteins were competitive inhibitors of RUNX2 DNA binding. The RUNX2 heterodimeric partner, Cbfβ, was detected in the binding complexes with specific antibodies. Evaluation of several RUNX2:DNA targeted small molecules predicted by CADD screening revealed a previously unknown biological activity of the inactive Vitamin D3 precursor, cholecalciferol. Cholecalciferol modulated RUNX2:DNA binding at nanomolar concentrations even in cells with low VDR. Cholecalciferol and 25-OH Vitamin D3 prohormones were selective inhibitors of RUNX2-positive endothelial, bone, and breast cancer cell proliferation, but not of cells lacking RUNX2 expression. These compounds may have application in modulating RUNX2 activity in an angiogenic setting, in metastatic cells, and to promote bone formation in disease-mediated osteoporosis. The combination CADD discovery and D-ELISA screening approaches allows the testing of other novel derivatives of Vitamin D and/or transcriptional inhibitors with the potential to regulate DNA binding and biological function.
A Bayesian Multi-Level Factor Analytic Model of Consumer Price Sensitivities Across Categories

Identifying price sensitive consumers is an important problem in marketing. We develop a Bayesian multi-level factor analytic model of the covariation among household-level price sensitivities across product categories that are substitutes. Based on a multivariate probit model of category incidence, this framework also allows the researcher to model overall price sensitivity (i.e., indicated by higher-order factor scores) as a function of household-level covariates. All model parameters are estimated simultaneously to circumvent the downward bias resulting from two-stage estimation. The modeling framework is illustrated using scanner panel data from multiple categories of instant coffee.
Social (media) jet lag: how usage of social technology can modulate and reflect circadian rhythms

By nature, we are circadian creatures whose bodies' biological clocks drive numerous physiological, mental, and behavioral rhythms. Simultaneously, we are social beings. Accordingly, our internal circadian timings experience interference from externally determined factors such as work schedules and social engagements, and digital connectivity imports additional social constraints that can further misalign our individual body clocks. Misalignment between biological and social time causes social jet lag [50], which has serious physical and mental health consequences. It particularly impacts our sleep processes and neurobehavioral functioning. Examining the interplay between biological rhythms and technology-mediated social interactions, we find that technology may both modulate and reflect circadian rhythms. We also leverage such social-sensor data to infer sleep-related behaviors and disruptions and to analyze variations in attention, cognitive performance, and mood following (in)adequate sleep. We conclude with recommendations for designing technologies attuned to our innate biological traits.
Reproductive technologies and United States law.

The infertility of numerous couples desiring children has become a serious problem in the USA. Fifteen per cent of couples of reproductive age have difficulty in having children.' Out of 67 million reproductively active couples, approximately 10 million are infertile. This amounts to about one in seven couples. Among infertile unmarried couples, the infertility difficulties are attributable to problems affecting males 40 per cent of the time, 40 per cent to females, and both partners 20 per cent of the time.2
Longitudinal evaluation of a bone resorption marker in elderly subjects

The variability over time in the excretion of a bone resorption metabolite (collagen type I N-telopeptide crosslink, NTx) was evaluated in a cohort of community-dwelling elderly men and women (mean age 73 years). Three annual 24-h urine samples were collected. NTx concentration was measured using an established ELISA. Total (24-h) NTx excretion as well as Ntx/creatinine concentration were compared. Men had a significantly lower excretion of NTx/creatinine than women who were not on hormone replacement therapy. Overall, the within-subject long-term coefficient of variability for Ntx/creatinine was 26%. The correlation coefficient between the samples taken a year apart was higher for the 24-h NTx excretion (r = 0.66) than for the 24-h creatinine excretion (r = 0.51). The consistency of NTx excretion over time was also evaluated in all 93 subjects with three yearly samples using Kendall's rank correlation method; the resulting coefficient of concordance was 0.78 (significant at the 0.01 level). These results indicate that while NTx excretion varies in subject samples collected over a period of 2 years, this variability is not much greater than the daily variation reported for NTx and other bone metabolism markers. The relative reproducibility of NTx excretion over time in this age group was also evident in the coefficient of concordance. The results provide support for stratifying subjects according to level of bone resorption and identifying those subjects with high turnover who may be at greater risk of osteoporotic fracture.
Structure of jets in rotating systems

An investigation of the structure of jets in rotating systems is presented. The fluid is assumed to be homogeneous and the flow laminar and quasi-geostrophic. When the rate of rotation is small, the dynamics is shown to be identical to that of jets in non-rotating systems, being a balance between inertial terms and lateral dissipation. As the rate of rotation increases the Ekman layers become important and in the strongly rotating case the friction in the Ekman layers dominates lateral dissipation. The jet in a non-rotating system entrains fluid at its edges and the downstream momentum flux is independent of the distance downstream. In the strongly rotating case, however, the jet ejects fluid at its edges and the downstream momentum flux decreases with downstream distance due to dissipation in the Ekman layers. A similarity solution for the general case with both types of friction is obtained and the transition from a jet in which lateral dissipation dominates to one in which Ekman friction is more important is discussed. General features of jets in strongly rotating systems are studied and implications for the Gulf Stream are mentioned.
A technique for the determination of left ventricular mass by signal-averaged electrocardiography

Signal-averaged electrocardiography (SAECG) as a diagnostic tool is discussed. It is an accurate, noninvasive, and relatively inexpensive test that can identify patients who are at risk for ventricular arrhythmias. Commercially available machines are dedicated to data acquisition and signal manipulation necessary to detect the presence of low-amplitude, high-frequency electrical energy occurring at the end of the QRS complex, termed late potentials. Inherently, however, the SAECG provides a measure of the electrical strength of the myocardium. Different analysis techniques are explored to determine whether a commercially available machine could produce meaningful estimates of left ventricular mass. >
INQUIRY TRAINING AND PROBLEM SOLVING IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN.

An experiment designed to determine whether children can benefit from directed instruction in the strategies of problem solving.
Palmitate and insulin synergistically induce IL-6 expression in human monocytes.

Background Insulin resistance is associated with a proinflammatory state that promotes the development of complications such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and atherosclerosis. The metabolic stimuli that initiate and propagate proinflammatory cytokine production and the cellular origin of proinflammatory cytokines in insulin resistance have not been fully elucidated. Circulating proinflammatory monocytes show signs of enhanced inflammation in obese, insulin resistant subjects and are thus a potential source of proinflammatory cytokine production. The specific, circulating metabolic factors that might stimulate monocyte inflammation in insulin resistant subjects are poorly characterized. We have examined whether saturated nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and insulin, which increase in concentration with developing insulin resistance, can trigger the production of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in human monocytes.
Large Database Access and Usage in the Earth and Space Sciences through Computer Networks

The development of the worldwide computer network has fostered the creation of and access to many data information systems and databases. These offer the capability for users to identify, access, use, and intercompare data from remote locations. It is not always easy to find the best sources of information for a particular problem. Directories for this purpose have existed for some time, and new methods are being developed for network information location, especially for systems such as the World-Wide Web and other network tools. It is still important, however, that there be consistency and standard approaches to the information content for effective information retrieval.
Regulated tissue-specific expression of antagonistic pre-mRNA splicing factors.

The SR proteins are essential metazoan pre-mRNA splicing factors that can also influence the selection of alternative 59 splice sites in a concentration-dependent manner. Their activity in alternative splicing in vitro is antagonized by members of the hnRNP A/B family of proteins. The opposite effects of members of these two families of antagonistic splicing factors in vitro and upon overexpression in vivo suggest that changes in their relative levels may be a natural mechanism for the regulation of alternative splicing in vivo. One prediction of this model is that the ratios of these antagonists should vary in different cell types and in other situations in which cellular or viral transcripts are differentially spliced. We raised monoclonal antibodies specific for SF2/ASF and used them to measure the abundance of SF2/ASF protein and its isoforms, its phosphorylation state in vivo and during splicing in vitro, and its association with the spliceosome. SF2/ASF exists predominantly or exclusively in a highly phosphorylated state in vivo in all cell types examined, and unphosphorylated protein was not detectable. Unphosphorylated recombinant SF2/ASF becomes rapidly phosphorylated under splicing conditions in HeLa cell extracts and associates stably with one or more exons of b-globin pre-mRNA. This interaction appears to persist through the splicing reaction and SF2/ASF remains bound to spliced mRNA. We compared the distribution of SF2/ASF to that of its antagonist, hnRNP A1, in different rat tissues and in immortal and transformed cell lines. We found that the protein levels of these antagonistic splicing factors vary naturally over a very wide range, supporting the notion that changes in the ratio of these proteins can affect alternative splicing of a variety of pre-mRNAs in vivo.
Language-Independent Set Expansion of Named Entities Using the Web

Set expansion refers to expanding a given partial set of objects into a more complete set. A well-known example system that does set expansion using the web is Google Sets. In this paper, we propose a novel method for expanding sets of named entities. The approach can be applied to semi-structured documents written in any markup language and in any human language. We present experimental results on 36 benchmark sets in three languages, showing that our system is superior to Google Sets in terms of mean average precision.
The Relationship Between Media Use and Psychological and Physical Assets Among Third‐ to Fifth‐Grade Girls

BACKGROUND: Media use is associated with an increased risk of chronic disease and reduced quality of life among children. This study examined the relationship between media use during discretionary hours after school and psychological and physical assets among preadolescent girls. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from a larger quasi-experimental evaluation of a positive youth development program through sport for third- to fifth-grade girls. Indicators of media use were the number of hours per school day spent watching television and videos and using computers. Psychological assets included global self-esteem, body size satisfaction, and commitment to physical activity; physical assets included physical activity. Nested random effects analysis of variance (ANOVA) models were used to examine the relationship between media use and psychological and physical assets controlling for relevant confounding factors. RESULTS: The analytic sample included 1027 participants; most were ≥10 years old, non-White; 27% self-reported ≥4 hours of media use on school days. In adjusted results, media use was inversely associated with self-esteem (p = .008) and commitment to physical activity (p Language: en
An integral-invariance principle for nonlinear systems

In this paper we present an integral-invariance principle generalizing LaSalle's invariance principle for nonlinear systems. The principal new ingredients are the use of observation functions and certain integrability conditions, which are particularly well suited for dynamical systems involving control and observations. The integral-invariance principle leads to the development of a series of results relating stability, observability, and the converse theorems of Lyapunov theory. Corollaries include apparently diverse stabilizability results for adaptive control, nonlinear control, and passive circuits and systems. >
Food allergy: recent advances in pathophysiology and treatment

Food allergies, defined as an adverse immune response to food proteins, affect as many as 6% of young children and 3%–4% of adults in westernized countries, and their prevalence appears to be rising. In addition to well-recognized acute allergic reactions and anaphylaxis triggered by IgE antibody–mediated immune responses to food proteins, there is an increasing recognition of cell-mediated disorders such as eosinophilic gastroenteropathies and food protein–induced enterocolitis syndrome. We are gaining an increasing understanding of the pathophysiology of food allergic disorders and are beginning to comprehend how these result from a failure to establish or maintain normal oral tolerance. Many food allergens have been characterized at a molecular level, and this knowledge, combined with an increasing appreciation of the nature of humoral and cellular immune responses resulting in allergy or tolerance, is leading to novel therapeutic approaches. Currently, management of food allergies consists of educatin...
Hooking Mortality of Walleyes Caught on Live and Artificial Baits

Abstract The potential benefits of catch and release or protective size limits in recreational fisheries for walleye Stizostedion vitreum can only be realized if released fish survive. In this study, hooking mortality rates were determined for adult walleyes caught on leeches and artificial lures in two Minnesota ponds. The mortality of walleyes caught and released by anglers in Klawitter's Pond was 5%, though confidence intervals indicated that hooking mortality could have been as high as 23%. Mortality of walleyes caught on leeches (10%) was higher than mortality for walleyes caught on artificial lures (0%). An estimate of hooking mortality in Clubhouse Pond, unadjusted for natural mortality, was 16%. Walleyes caught on artificial lures were hooked primarily in the lips, whereas fish caught with leeches tended to be hooked more deeply in the throat and gut. Walleyes caught on leeches were smaller than those caught with artificial lures and were more likely to be males. Catch rates were similar for live ...