cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A conceptual cognitive architecture for robots to learn behaviors from demonstrations in robotic aid area

This paper proposes a conceptual hybrid cognitive architecture for cognitive robots to learn behaviors from demonstrations in robotic aid situations. Unlike the current cognitive architectures, this architecture puts concentration on the requirements of the safety, the interaction, and the non-centralized processing in robotic aid situations. Imitation learning technologies for cognitive robots have been integrated into this architecture for rapidly transferring the knowledge and skills between human teachers and robots.
Sex attractant for the filbertworm, Melissopus latiferranus (Walsingham).

In field tests, ( E,E )-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol acetate was very attractive to male moths of the filbertworm, Melissopus latiferranus (Walsingham), a serious pest of filbertnuts in Oregon and Washington. In additional tests, candidate synergists with the attractant failed to increase trap capture, whereas ( E,E )-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol strongly reduced trap capture.
The 1.7 Å resolution structure of At2g44920, a pentapeptide-repeat protein in the thylakoid lumen of Arabidopsis thaliana.

At2g44920 belongs to a diverse family (Pfam PF00805) of pentapeptide-repeat proteins (PRPs) that are present in all known organisms except yeast. PRPs contain at least eight tandem-repeating sequences of five amino acids with an approximate consensus sequence (STAV)(D/N)(L/F)(S/T/R)(X). Recent crystal structures show that PRPs adopt a highly regular four-sided right-handed β-­helical structure consisting mainly of type II and type IV β-turns, sometimes referred to as a repeated five-residue (or Rfr) fold. Among sequenced genomes, PRP genes are most abundant in cyanobacteria, leading to speculation that PRPs play an important role in the unique lifestyle of photosynthetic cyanobacteria. Despite the recent structural characterization of several cyanobacterial PRPs, most of their functions remain unknown. Plants, whose chloroplasts are of cyano­bacterial origin, have only four PRP genes in their genomes. At2g44920 is one of three PRPs located in the thylakoid lumen. Here, the crystal structure of a double methionine mutant of residues 81–224 of At2g44920, the naturally processed fragment of one of its full-length isoforms, is reported at 1.7 A resolution. The structure of At2g44920 consists of the characteristic Rfr fold with five uninterrupted coils made up of 25 pentapeptide repeats and α-helical elements capping both termini. A disulfide bridge links the two α-helices with a conserved loop between the helical elements at its C-terminus. This structure represents the first structure of a PRP protein whose subcellular location has been experimentally confirmed to be the thylakoid lumen in a plant species.
Atomic Carbon in Southern Hemisphere High-Latitude Clouds

We report the detection of atomic carbon in a sample of eight southern hemisphere high Galactic latitude molecular clouds, using the Antarctic Submillimeter Telescope and Remote Observatory. The 492 GHz (3P1 →3P0) transition of [C I] was detected in all of the clouds observed. The C/CO column density ratio ranges from 0.4 to 2.5 and is similar to the values previously measured in high-latitude clouds MBM 12 and HD 210121. For all 10 high-latitude clouds observed in [C I], C/CO averages ~1.2 and decreases with increasing total gas column density NH, as predicted by translucent cloud models. Quantitative comparison with chemical models of homogeneous clouds is unsatisfactory, however, and we conclude that the clumpy structure of clouds must be taken into account in order to interpret the data properly.
Predictors of Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients With a Non-Left Bundle Branch Block Morphology

Patients with non-left bundle branch block (LBBB) morphologies are thought to derive less benefit from cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) than those with LBBB. However, some patients do exhibit improvement. The characteristics associated with a response to CRT in patients with non-LBBB morphologies are unknown. Clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic data were collected from 850 consecutive patients presenting for a new CRT device. For inclusion, all patients had a left ventricular ejection fraction of ≤35%, a QRS duration of ≥120 ms, and baseline and follow-up echocardiograms available. Patients with a paced rhythm or LBBB were excluded. The response was defined as an absolute decrease in left ventricular end-systolic volume of ≥10% from baseline. Multivariate models were constructed to identify variables significantly associated with the response and long-term outcomes. A total of 99 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of these 99 patients, 22 had right bundle branch block and 77 had nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay; 52.5% met the criteria for response. On multivariate analysis, the QRS duration was the only variable significantly associated with the response (odds ratio per 10-ms increase 1.23, 95% confidence interval 1.01 to 1.52, p = 0.048). During a mean follow-up of 5.4 ± 0.9 years, 65 patients died or underwent heart transplant or left ventricular assist device placement. On multivariate analysis, the QRS duration was inversely associated with poor long-term outcomes (hazard ratio per 10-ms increase 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.66 to 0.94, p = 0.005). In patients with advanced heart failure and non-LBBB morphologies, a wider baseline QRS duration is an important determinant of enhanced reverse ventricular remodeling and improved long-term outcomes after CRT.
Digital Registration of Multispectral Video Imagery

This paper describes an adaptive system for achieving spatial registration of digitized imagery. Multispectral imagery is obtained from sources such as multilens cameras, multichannel optical-mechanical line scanners, and multiple TV camera systems. The system converts the raster scan imagery to an array of binary numbers representing brightness at discrete points in the scene. An analysis method is described which estimates the difficulty of registering these multispectral digital pictures. This measure is used to control the registration algorithm to improve the rate of processing. Experiments are described which compare the performance of the system with and without adaptive control. Registration of test imagery in three categories is carried out and some results are presented.
Maintenance Of Keypecking In Pigeons By A Food Avoidance But Not By A Shock Avoidance Contingency

Response key illuminations were followed by food delivery or shock, and keypecks were programmed to prevent the occurrence of whichever stimulus was scheduled. At high shock intensity, pigeons did not peck: at low shock intensity, pigeons pecked in about half of the trials. When different key colors signaled food and shock trials, pigeons pecked on food trials, thus preventing food delivery, but not on shock trials, thus failing to avoid shock delivery. That pecks occurred despite the fact that they avoided food but did not occur when they avoided shock is taken as evidence that the keypeck is frequently governed by biological predispositions, and not by its consequences.
Multiple aging mechanisms in relaxor ferroelectrics

In three relaxor ferroelectrics strong low-field aging effects are found for the dielectric susceptibility. Different regimes, marked by different time dependence and by different stability under subsequent thermal cycles and field changes, are found in different materials and at different temperatures. One regime strongly resembles aging in spin glasses, but others do not.
Women in Surgery: The Same, Yet Different

In 1993, Claude Organ, MD, wrote an editorial in this journal on the subject of women in surgery. 1 In that editorial, he expressed the hope and expectation that in the near future there would be no need for such editorials. Over a decade later, I am as surprised and disappointed as Dr Organ to find that there remain women in surgery issues of sufficient gravity to warrant discussions, committees, lectures, research, and, yes, editorials.
Evidence for feature perturbations from character misidentifications

Evidence that features from characters in a briefly exposed display undergo perturbation has come from tasks requiring direct reports of feature locations. In the current experiments, a different approach was taken in which perturbations were inferred from incorrect name responses to letter and number stimuli. The relative positions of two segments (features), one of which was anchored so that its perturbation would be difficult, determined the name of the character that was to be reported. The procedure produced data which suggest that feature perturbations occur when characters are exposed briefly, and that these perturbations tend to move toward fixation.
Use of a Specific and Sensitive Assay to Determine Pentamidine Pharmacokinetics in Patients with AIDS

The first-dose pharmacokinetics of pentamidine were studied in patients with AIDS. Pentamidine isethionate (4 mg/kg) was administered intramuscularly or intravenously to two groups of six patients each. Serial plasma and urine concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, which is accurate and precise (sensitivity limits, 2.29 ng/ml in plasma and 229 ng/ml in urine). The mean peak concentrations in plasma after intramuscular and intravenous administration were 209 ng/ml and 612 ng/ml, respectively. Plasma concentrations, which declined biexponentially, were detectable throughout the 24-hr dosing interval and fell to less than 25 ng/ml after 8 hr. The mean plasma clearance, elimination half-life, apparent volume of distribution, and apparent volume at steady state for intramuscularly treated patients were 305 liters/hr, 9.36 hr, 924 liters, and 2,724 liters, respectively; these parameters for intravenously treated patients were 248 liters/hr, 6.40 hr, 140 liters, and 821 liters, respectively. Renal clearance of pentamidine was 5.0% of the plasma clearance for intramuscularly treated patients and 2.5% for intravenously treated patients. We found significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters between intramuscularly and intravenously treated patients.
Protecting Open Access to Taxpayer-Funded Research: The Rise and Defeat of the Research Works Act

The library community has long been an advocate of free access to publicly funded research, yet Congress regularly considers bills that would prevent the public from accessing such information. In an age where bills such as Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) and Protect IP Act (PIPA) are brought forth only to receive heavy criticism from all parts of society, this article investigates the potential impact the Research Works Act (RWA) might have caused on academic publishing. While the RWA was defeated, similar pieces of legislation will rise again. As librarians, we must be aware of such acts to prevent the damage they seek to impose.
Efficient verification of web-content searching through authenticated web crawlers

We consider the problem of verifying the correctness and completeness of the result of a keyword search. We introduce the concept of an authenticated web crawler and present its design and prototype implementation. An authenticated web crawler is a trusted program that computes a specially-crafted signature over the web contents it visits. This signature enables (i) the verification of common Internet queries on web pages, such as conjunctive keyword searches---this guarantees that the output of a conjunctive keyword search is correct and complete; (ii) the verification of the content returned by such Internet queries---this guarantees that web data is authentic and has not been maliciously altered since the computation of the signature by the crawler. In our solution, the search engine returns a cryptographic proof of the query result. Both the proof size and the verification time are proportional only to the sizes of the query description and the query result, but do not depend on the number or sizes of the web pages over which the search is performed. As we experimentally demonstrate, the prototype implementation of our system provides a low communication overhead between the search engine and the user, and fast verification of the returned results by the user.
ENDOGENOUS ADRENERGIC REGULATION OF RENIN RELEASE IN NORMOTENSIVE MAN

SUMMARY Exogenous infusion of catecholamines in man and electrical stimulation of renal nerves in anaesthetized animals have suggested the importance of adrenergic influence on renin release. We have studied the effect of endogenous adrenergic stimulation on renin release in seventeen apparently healthy, unanaesthetized normotensive men (mean arterial pressure 100 mEq sodium per 24 h. Plasma renin activity (PRA), expressed as nanograms angiotensin I per millilitre per hour, increased 4.1±0.76 ng/ml (range 0.3–9.7 ng/ml) in all subjects 5 h after ingestion of 80 mg frusemide. Amyl nitrite inhalation and cold pressor testing produced the appropriate haemodynamic alterations but failed to increase PRA significantly (P>0.05). The alpha agonist, phenylephrine, decreased PRA from an average basal level of 1.21±0.16 ng/ml to 0.83±0.13 ng/ml, and the alpha blocker, phentolamine, increased PRA from an average initial level of 1.26±0.3 ng/ml to 3.61±0.6 ng/ml. Repeat inhalation of amyl nitrite with alpha blockade further elevated PRA to 4.36±0.97 ng/ml in contrast to the effect of amyl nitrite alone. These data suggest that endogenous stimulation of sympathetic nerves with amyl nitrite inhalation or cold pressor testing is not associated with measurable increase in PRA. Alpha adrenergic stimulation with phenylephrine causes a significant decrement in PRA, and alpha blockade with phentolamine significantly increases PRA. Amyl nitrite inhalation in the presence of alpha blockade further elevated PRA in direct contrast to the effect of amyl nitrite alone. Haemodynamic correlates, the elevation of PRA with alpha blockade, and the decrement of PRA with alpha stimulation suggest that alpha adrenergic receptor inhibition may account for the lack of PRA increase with endogenous sympathetic stimulation.
Temporal effects of discrete lesions in the olfactory and limbic systems on open-field behavior and dyadic encounters in male hooded rats.

Abstract The spontaneous and dyadic behavior patterns of five matched groups of male hooded rats were compared to SHAMs following selective lesions of the olfactory and limbic system. One group received bilateral lateral olfactory tract lesions (LOT); a second bilateral anterior olfactory nucleus lesions (AON); a third sham operations (SHAM); a fourth bilateral AON and LOT lesions combined (ANLT); and a fifth cortico-medial amygdalar lesions (AMYG). When tested alone in the open field, LOT, ANLT, and, to some extent, AON lesioned animals were hyperactive. Activity scores for the AMYGs were not significantly different from that of the SHAMs. High rearing time scores were seen in the LOT, ANLT, and AMYG groups while high sniffing frequency and rearing frequency scores were associated with LOT and ANLT lesions. AONs had significantly higher and LOTs significantly lower sniffing time scores than any other groups. The AMYGs had the highest and LOTs the lowest sniffing bout lengths. Sniffing time for the ANLTs did not differ significantly from that of the SHAMs. Freezing was reduced in all lesioned groups as compared to SHAMs. These differences did not become clearly apparent until 7 to 10 days following surgery and were evident 40 days postsurgically. All lesioned animals were hyperirritable and difficult to handle following surgery with the LOTs, ANLTs, and AMYGs particularly so. This irritability was evident on the first day following surgery and persisted through postoperative day 40. When tested in pairs in a circular open field, all animals spent a large proportion of their time in direct contact. All lesioned animals, however, spent more time in aggressive interactions than did the SHAMs. The results were discussed against a background of other olfactory and limbic system lesions with particular reference to possible functional and anatomical substrates mediating behavioral changes typically reported following olfactory system lesions.
Dating of historical earthquakes by mud profiles of lake-bottom sediments

RECENTLY, Ben-Menahem et al.1 derived tectonic patterns and slip rates in the Jordan Rift Valley by combining a comprehensive study of seismological, historical, geological and morphological data. It was found that the principal seismic activity along the Jordan Valley is due to a left-lateral strike-slip fault, striking 11° east of north and extending for about 50km from 32°N to 31°30′N along the 35° 30′meridian. Its most active part in the past four millenia has been near the monastery of John the Baptist which, according to tradition, is the place where the Israelites crossed the Jordan and where Jesus was baptised. The fault trace and its role in the historical seismicity of the area is shown in Fig. 1. It has an estimated mean rate of activity of 2–3 events per century at magnitudes from 5 to 7 (ref. 1). An aseismic slip rate of at least 3 mm yr−1 is taking place along this fault1. Here we show how this activity is reflected in an unusual limnological process which takes place at the bottom of the Dead Sea and which can serve as a ‘geophysical clock’ to date historical events.
Intermolecular insertion of ethylene and octene into a palladium-amide bond. Spectroscopic evidence for an ethylene amido intermediate.

We report a series of palladium diarylamido complexes containing a cyclometalated phosphine ligand and a coordinated THF that form enamine products from migratory insertion of ethylene and octene into the metal−nitrogen bond. The reactions of these complexes were sensitive to the electronic properties of the diarylamido group. The complex with the more electron-donating amido ligand reacted nearly 2 orders of magnitude faster than the complex with the least electron-donating amido group. The mechanism of the reactions with alkenes involves exchange of olefin for THF, as revealed by the positive order of the reaction in alkene and inverse order in the concentration of THF. A syn-aminopalladation that would result from migratory insertion was revealed by the stereochemistry of the enamine product resulting from reaction with cis-ethylene-d2. Finally, a three-coordinate THF-free species was isolated from a synthesis of the amido complex in aromatic solvents, and spectroscopic evidence for an ethylene amido s...
Identification and Management of Minimally Displaced Nasoethmoidal Orbital Fractures

The management of nasoethmoidal orbital injuries can be difficult. Clinical recognition and options for correction are diverse. Recently we treated several patients with limited facial injuries in which the nasoethmoidal complex “greensticks.” Treatment with limited exposure and rigid fixation allow
Levodopa prevents mammary lipomas in rats

High Concentrations of the dopaminergic drug levodopa (L-dopa, L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) administered to female rats in their food prevented the occurrence of mammary lipomas or recurrence of tumors after surgical removal. The mean life span was prolonged by L-dopa alone and to a slightly greater degree by L-dopa plus surgical removal of tumors.
Involuntary contralateral upper extremity muscle activation pattern during unilateral pinch grip following stroke.

Abstract Study design Repeated measures design. Introduction Mirror activity refers to emergence of motion not only in the intended, but also in the contralateral limb. Purpose To characterize post-stroke mirror activities across multiple muscles during unilateral pinch. Methods Chronic stroke survivors performed unilateral pinch grip using the paretic and nonparetic hand, while four muscles' EMGs were recorded for both hands. Results During the paretic hand grip, the relaxed nonparetic hand showed mirror activity that was more pronounced for the intrinsic (FDI and thenar eminence) than extrinsic muscles (FDS and EDC). During the nonparetic hand grip, mirror activity in the paretic hand was suppressed for the intrinsic than extrinsic muscles. Conclusion Chronic stroke survivors' relaxed hand did not mirror the task hand's muscle activation pattern, but displayed altered muscle activation patterns depending on muscles and sides, possibly mediated by disturbed interhemispheric inhibition and relative reliance on corticospinal tracts among muscles. Level of evidence N/A.
Magneto-optical characterization of excited states in short trans chains of partially isomerized polyacetylene

Abstract We have used photoluminescence (PL), photomodulation (PM) and their respective versions of optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR); the PDMR for PL and the ADMR for PM, to characterize the long-lived photoexcitations in trans chains of thin films of partially isomerized (CH)x and (CD)x. The PM spectra of ∼80% cis/20% trans films contain two PA bands which belong to the trans chains; LE at 0.45 eV, which is due to charged solitons (S±), and HE at 1.49 eV attributed to neutral solitons (S0). The ADMR spectrum, however, reveals also a third PA band at 1.55 eV, which we tentatively identified as due to confined S0 S 0 pairs in short trans chains. In addition we verified that the IR PL band observed at 1.3 eV is also associated with the confined S0 S 0 pairs.
Brazilian Origin and Inheritance of a Heterozygous Reciprocal Chromosome Translocation in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Presence of a quadrivalent at meiosis in allohexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) can indicate a heterozygous reciprocal chromosome translocation. Such a translocation has significant genetic consequences. This study was initiated to determine the source and trace the inheritance of a heterozygous reciprocal translocation in 'Atlas 66' wheat. Meiotic analyses of hybrids between 'Frondoso', the Brazilian parent of 'Atlas 66', and 'Chinese Spring' ditelosomic lines suggest 'Frondoso' carries the same 2A/2D translocation as 'Atlas 66'. Because of this and because 'Frondoso' is a parent of 'Atlas 66', 'Frondoso' is the probable source of the 'Atlas 66' translocation. Detection of a 2A/2D translocation in 'Fronteira', the only Brazilian parent of 'Frondoso', traces this chromosome interchange to an earlier Brazilian origin. Six of nine varietal derivatives of 'Frondoso' ( 'Atlas 50', 'Coastal', Wakeland', 'Key', 'Laura', and 'Karl') formed a ring or a chain quadrivalent at meiosis. Frequencies of quadrivalents and the proportion of rings versus chains depended on the variety, irrespective of the genetic closeness of a variety to 'Frondoso'. Meiotic analyses suggest these varieties also carry a 2A/2D translocation. Trivalent-formation in aneuploids was considered evidence that non-cooriented segregations from quadrivalents occurred. Production of aneuploids could impact genetic studies and breeding when these varieties are used.
Organizational Commitment: One of Many Commitments or Key Mediating Construct?

This study developed and tested two rival views of how organizational commitment can be reconceptualized to accommodate both global organizational commitment and constituency-specific commitments. ...
High resolution anoscopy in the planned staged treatment of anal squamous intraepithelial lesions in HIV-negative patients.

Anal dysplasia (low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, LSIL; high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, HSIL) is a challenging disease for the surgeon. We reviewed 42 patients that underwent high-resolution anoscopy (HRA)-targeted surgical therapy of anal dysplasia in the past 10 years. Patients were followed up in the Anal Neoplasia Clinic with physical examination, cytology, HRA, and biopsy if indicated. Patients with disease amenable to local therapy were treated with office-based HRA-directed therapies. There were 30 men (mean age 39 years, range 21–63) and 12 women (mean age 50 years, range 31–71) included in the study. HSIL was present in 33, with four undergoing planned staged treatment due to circumferential disease. HSIL recurred in 45%, and most were re-treated successfully in-office. Progression to HSIL was seen in one patient with LSIL and to squamous cell carcinoma in one patient with HSIL despite therapy. No patients with LSIL had dysplasia at last follow-up. Minor complications occurred in three patients. HRA-targeted surgical therapy coupled with surveillance and re-treatment with office-based therapies offered an effective method in controlling anal dysplasia in the immunocompetent patient. Morbidity is minimal, and our progression to cancer rate is low (2.4%).
The economics of publishing: The consequences of library and research copying

Copyright is a crucial property right. Two distinct, but intertwined, economic effects depend upon the ability to control use of that property right and to gain revenue from that use: the first is the incentive effect, and the second, the enabling effect. These two principles underpin the incentive for creating and the means for disseminating copyrighted works. Changes in copyright law can have far‐reaching and large influences on the workings of these economic principles and the greater economy. Photocopying, interlibrary loan, and extensions of fair use all potentially lessen sales of copyrighted works, increasing the difficulty scholarly publishers have in underwriting and disseminating scholarly works. Broad interpretations of fair use may erode copyright protection and assuredly further erode the services of scholarly publishers that support the dissemination of academic writing.
Nano-/microtextured, free standing, flexible, thin film substrates of parylene C for cellular attachment and growth

Nano-/microtextured, free standing, flexible, thin film substrates of parylene C were fabricated by physicochemical vapour deposition of parylene C on silicon wafers with a spin coated layer of soap solution. The thin film substrates were engineered with different volumetric fibrous morphologies, ranging from 100 nm to 100 μm in thickness, and had top surface texture on nano- to micrometre length scales. The bottom surfaces of the thin film substrates are morphological negatives of the top surfaces of the soap coatings and can assist in the integration with implant surfaces. The attachment and growth of human osteosarcoma cells on the top surfaces of thin film substrates were successfully demonstrated.
Development and Validation of a Self-Report Measure of Emotional Intelligence as a Multidimensional Trait Domain

Psychometric review of 33 peer-reviewed studies of six self-report emotional intelligence (EI) measures supports a multidimensional conceptualization of EI. The nature and number of EI facets, however, and their distinctiveness from more established trait domains is unclear. Building on earlier efforts, three studies were undertaken (Ns = 138, 163, 152) to develop self-report measures of 10 facets of EI proposed by Salovey and Mayer (1990). Results support the reliability (internal consistency, test-retest) and validity (content, criterion, construct, structural) of the proposed scales and their distinctiveness among themselves and with respect to more established trait domains (e.g., personality). Specifically, three satisfaction and four cross-cultural adaptability facets were predicted uniquely by 9 of the 10 proposed subscales, controlling for social desirability, the Big Five, positive and negative affect, and self-monitoring. All told, results confirm that trait-EI can be measured using self-report and conceptualized as a distinct multidimensional domain.
Polymeric short-fiber chromatographic supports for downstream processing of biomolecules

Abstract Fiber chromatography is prominent among the novel systems being developed for downstream processing. In this research, a polymer based anion-exchange support with fiber geometry has been developed. The fiber support has an asymmetric structure, with a dense skin and a porous substructure. Equilibrium adsorption capacities of this support for bovine serum albumin and β-lactoglobulin were measured. Isotherms were obtained at different pH and salt concentrations, and were found to be Langmuirian. It was also found that ion-exchange is the dominant adsorption mechanism, and, due to a large internal surface area, the support has a high adsorption capacity. The fiber support was packed in a bed, and tested for its applicability in the isolation of proteins from dilute solutions. The fiber column is shown to have a significantly lower pressure drop than columns packed with commercial, spherical supports. The frontal throughout for this column was evaluated at different conditions. The throughput was found to increase with flow rate and protein concentration, but the yield dropped with an increase in flow rate. However, the throughput and yield were high when a high concentration of protein was loaded at a low flow rate and washed at a very high flow rate.
Strain relaxation and order–disorder phase transition in irradiated MgAl2O4

MgAl2O4 spinel is widely studied in many fields of material science because of its variety of interesting properties and potential applications. The influence of cation disorder on the physical properties of MgAl2O4 makes understanding of the effects related to this disorder particularly important. It is known that, upon ion irradiation at low temperature, MgAl2O4 undergoes an order-disorder phase transition followed by amorphization. This paper reports a combined high resolution X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy study elucidating the linkage between this phase transition and irradiation-induced elastic strain. Irradiations were carried out on [110] and [111]-oriented single crystals of MgAl2O4 at T = 77 K with 600 keV Xe ions over a wide range of doses. The data suggests that the beginning of the order-disorder phase transition coincides with the beginning of strain relaxation. This result indicates that the volume of the new phase is slightly smaller than that of the unirradiated spinel. The dose at which the phase transformation occurs is found to be dependent on the crystal orientation, which can be attributed to both elastic and crystallographic properties.
A Graduated Method of Tip Graft Fixation in Rhinoplasty

Projection of the nasal tip has gained increased recognition as a measurable and visual characteristic that has an impact on the results of aesthetic rhinoplasty. Autologous cartilage tip grafts have been used in many techniques to increase tip projection and contour the tip during rhinoplasty. This article introduces a graduated method of tip graft fixation correlated with specific clinical measurements related to tip projection. After careful analysis of tip projection and contour, a predictable graft fixation technique can be selected to obtain the desired degree of nasal tip projection and sculpting. (Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;121:623-626)
Effect of resonance scattering in the high frequency limit of bremsstrahlung

Abstract It is shown that the resonances in the bremsstrahlung cross section close to the high-frequency limit found experimentally by Liefield et al. can be explained as final state resonance scattering.
Dental management of patients with renal failure being treated by hemodialysis.

Abstract With a few alterations in the method of treatment of the patient on hemodialysis, the various procedures of general dentistry, periodontics, endodontics, and exodontia can be performed satisfactorily. The following measures are recommended: 1. The patient should be premedicated with prophylactic ampicillin prior to exodontia. 2. Surgical procedures should be scheduled to follow a dialysis session. 3. The short-acting barbiturates should be used if premedication is required. 4. Propoxyphene or codeine should be used for effective analgesia. 5. Smaller and less frequent doses of medications cleared by the kidney should be used to maintain a sufficiently high serum concentration. 6. Only one tooth should be extracted initially to determine the patient's response. 7. Operative procedures should be performed in a routine manner.
Two-way shuttle avoidance after simultaneous and staged lateral septal lesions in the rat

Rats with unilateral, one-stage bilateral, and two-stage bilateral lesions, at 10-day intervals, of the lateral septal area were tested for acquisition of two-way active avoidance behavior in the shuttlebox. Performance was enhanced with one-stage bilateral lesions, but no significant enhancement was observed with unilateral or two-stage bilateral lesions. These results indicate that recovery of this aspect of septal function occurs when bilateral lesions are spaced by 10 days.
Optical Testing Techniques for Highly Aspheric Tertiary Mirrors

ITT Geospatial Systems has completed a Highly Aspheric Tertiary (HAT) strip mirror. The off axis conic was successfully processed and this paper documents that separate refractive and holographic null tests are both acceptable methods.
Entrapment of herbicides [14C]picloram and [14C]dicamba in phospholipid vesicles

Abstract The entrapment of the herbicides [ 14 C]picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) and [ 14 C]dicamba (2-methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic acid) was studied in a model membrane system. The percentages of [ 14 C]picloram and [ 14 C]dicamba entrapped by various lecithin vesicles decreased with the fatty acid composition of the phospholipids in the following order: dipalmitoyl > dimyristol > distearoyl > dilinoleyl > dioleoyl. Approximately 20% of the applied herbicides was entrapped in dipalmitoyl lecithin vesicles. The results suggest that the entrapment of these probes depends on a hydrophobic interaction between the nonpolar portion of the herbicidal molecules and the hydrocarbon chains of the fatty acids present in the phospholipid vesicles.
Histologic identification and immunochemical studies of prolactin and growth hormone in the primate pituitary gland.

Abstract The two acidophilic cell types were tinctorially differentiated in rhesus monkey pituitaries as well as in pituitaries of other species of monkeys and apes and were identified by immunofluorescence as the prolactin and the growth hormone (GH) cells. The number of prolactin cells was significantly greater in adult than in juvenile rhesus monkeys. During late pregnancy and lactation, these cells appeared to occupy 60–80% of the entire anterior lobe of the rhesus monkey. The concentration of prolactin and CH was measured by radioimmunoassay in pituitary extracts (PE) from pools of juvenile male, juvenile female, adult male and adult female rhesus monkey pituitaries. More prolactin was present in PEs from adult than from juvenile animals, with the highest concentration being present in adult females. A similar relationship was observed with GH. The qualitative immunologic relationship between ovine prolactin and prolactin in the rhesus monkey PEs, and between human GH and GH in the PEs, was established using agar gel diffusion. The two prolactin hormones were partially related immunochemically, while the two GHs were shown to be immunochemically identical. In intact juvenile female rhesus monkeys given estradiol benzoate, the concentrations of pituitary and serum prolactin were elevated over that of the controls, while the concentration of pituitary GH was decreased. An increase in the number of prolactin cells was also observed in the steroid-treated animals. These observations demonstrate further that prolactin and GH reside in separate cells in the primate pituitary and that the concentration of these two hormones varies depending upon age, sex, or stage of the reproductive cycle of the animal.
Pre-bending of a promoter sequence enhances affinity for the TATA-binding factor

TATA-binding protein (TBP) binds the minor groove of the TATA element with the DNA bent 80° towards the major groove1–4. A constrained minicircle strategy5 has been used to test the effect of DNA topology on the affinity of TBP for the TATA element. We report here that TBP bound to DNA which was slightly pre-bent towards the major groove with 100-fold higher affinity than unbent (linear) DNA of identical sequence and 300-fold higher affinity than DNA pre-bent towards the minor groove. Similar discrimination was observed with the holo-TFIID transcription complex. DNA topology, particularly bending, is determined by many factors including chromatin in cells and may, through changes in the affinity of the TATA factor, be important in the control of transcription.
Unanticipated Thyroid Cancer in Patients with Substernal Goiters: Are We Underestimating the Risk?

The rate of unexpected thyroid cancers found at the time of thyroidectomy is thought to be similar in patients with cervical and substernal multinodular goiters (MNGs). The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of undiagnosed cancer found in patients undergoing a thyroidectomy for a cervical or substernal MNG. We conducted a review of patients with a preoperative diagnosis of an MNG (both cervical and substernal) at a tertiary referral center between 2005 and 2012. We identified 538 patients who underwent thyroidectomy for an MNG (144 with substernal MNGs and 394 with cervical MNGs). Patients with substernal MNGs were older (59.6 vs. 52.3; p 1 cm) was found in 13.7 % of substernal MNG specimens and in 6.3 % of cervical MNG specimens (p = 0.003). On multivariate analysis, substernal location [odds ratio (OR) = 2.360; confidence interval (CI), 1.201–4.638] was the only variable independently associated with an unexpected thyroid cancer on surgical pathology. The rate of postoperatively discovered thyroid cancer is significant in patients with substernal MNGs and is increased when compared to patients with cervical MNGs. Surgeons should counsel their patients regarding the possibility of this unexpected result.
Programmed cell adhesion and growth on cell-imprinted polyacrylamide hydrogels

Gaining control over cell adhesion and growth is a critical step in microscale tissue engineering, as well as biosensor fabrication, applied cell biology, and high-throughput cell-based screening. Control over cell adhesion and growth is typically achieved by patterning small molecule or macromolecule reagents with affinity for a cell surface receptor onto a non-adhesive surface. These reagents are often susceptible to environmental and/or enzymatic degradation and their preparation and purification increase the overall cost and complexity of surface fabrication. Surface topology can influence cell adhesion and growth; however, engineering a surface with well-defined topology typically requires expensive and/or specialized equipment and/or multi-step processes such as microcontact printing. In this Paper we show that cell-imprinted features on the surface of a polyacrylamide hydrogel act as surface contact cues that promote cell adhesion and growth. In some cases the shape of cell-imprints dramatically affect cell adhesion. Collectively, we demonstrate that cell-imprinting polyacrylamide hydrogels is an inexpensive and straightforward method for programming cell adhesion and growth.
Nash strategies for load serving entities in dynamic energy multi-markets

In this paper the problem of developing bidding strategies for the participants of dynamic energy-multi markets is studied. Attention is given to strategic bidding of load serving entities (LSE) in these markets. We model energy multi-markets as non-linear dynamical systems and use discrete-time Nash bidding strategies. Attention is given to a problem, where the objective functions are quadratic in the deviations of trajectories from desired trajectories and quadratic in the control deviations from the nominal controls. It is assumed that each power marketer can estimate his/her competitors' benefit functions and their minimum and maximum values. The optimal bidding strategies are developed mathematically using dynamic game theory. We deal with games that are non-linear in the state equations. We linearize these equations for complex non-linear energy multi-markets and use discrete-time Nash strategies. We show that the actual dynamic excursions from the operating point where we linearize are small so that the linearization is valid. The developed algorithm is applied to an IEEE 14-bus power system for two cases: (1) No transmission capacity constraints, (2) Transmission capacity limit constraints on two groups of transmission lines. We show that the LSEs' expected profits are higher for our method than those for other methods in the literature.
The use of evenly spaced hemispheres to evaluate aerodynamic forces on a soil surface

Direct and indirect measurements showed a substantial lift force on the surface roughness elements (such as soil grains resting on the surface) in a windstream. Lift was approximately four-fifths of drag on hemispherical roughness elements ranging from 0.16 to 5.08 cm in height. The ratio of lift to drag on the roughness elements of the surface remained essentially constant for any drag velocity of the fluid and any depth of the fluid boundary layer beyond a relatively shallow depth. The depth of the fluid boundary layer, on the other hand, had a profound influence on the magnitude of both lift and drag. This study throws new light on equilibrium conditions existing between soil grains and moving fluid at the threshold of movement of the grains.
A Review of “Researching with Children & Young People: Research Design, Methods and Analysis”

Tisdall, Davis, and Gallagher uniquely blend theoretical and practical insights into conducting research and evaluation activities involving children while explaining how this type of research diff...
Distributive justice and the regulation of fertility centers: an analysis of the Fertility Clinic Success Rate and Certification Act.

The right to conceive and bear children has been protected both in law and in policy. Human society has from its earliest time valued children and defended procreation as a basic right.Modern health technology offers the possibility of conception to the estimated 2.5 million infertile couples who may wish to have children. For these persons, infertility treatment offers the hope of having children, an activity deemed basic and essential in human society.In general, the state has been reluctant to directly interfere in the reproductive decisions of individuals. However, the state may act to increase or reduce access to reproductive services in a variety of ways. For example, recent legislation regulating fertility clinics affects the distribution of assisted reproductive technology (ART) in the United States. The purpose of this paper is to describe this legislation, project its probable effects on the distribution of ART services, and analyze these effects based on distributive theories of justice.
Scalability of hole mobility enhancement in biaxially strained ultrathin body SOI

The effect of biaxial strain on the valence band structure of ultrathin body (UTB) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) is studied using an sp/sup 3/d/sup 5/s/sup */ tight binding model. In contrast to bulk silicon, where biaxial tensile strain improves hole mobility via band splitting and decreasing the effective mass, moderate values of tensile strain degrade the mobility in UTB SOI. Strong confinement cancels out some of the band splitting and effective mass reduction offered by biaxial tensile strain in ultrathin SOI. Consequently, higher levels of strain are needed in order to get a band splitting similar to that observed in bulk strained silicon. Alternatively, [100] channel orientation can be employed to avoid an excessive increase in the effective mass in the [110] direction.
Preparation and structural characterization of, and chemical vapor deposition studies with, certain yttrium tris(β-diketonate) compounds†

The preparation of [Y(tmhd)3 · H2O]2, Y(tmhd)3 and [Y(tmhd)3]2 (tmhd = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dionate; tmod = 2,2,7-trimethyloctane-3,5-dionate) are described. These compounds have been characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, IR, UV/vis, TGA and GC/MS techniques. Crystal data include: [Y(tmhd)3 · H2O]2, Space Group P1, a = 11.6 A, b = 14.6 A, c = 14.9 A, α = 60.5°, β = 63.1°, γ = 73.3°, V = 1937 A3, z = 2, dc = 1.095, refcoll = 7165, refind = 7165, refsig = 4923, R = 7.0 %, Rw = 8.8 %; [Y(tmod)3]2, Space Group P21/n, a = 13.0 A, b = 15.4 A, c = 18.3 A, β = 91.5°, V = 3670 A3, z = 4, dc = 1.156, refcoll = 6642, refind = 6642, refsig = 2649, R = 10.6 %, Rw = 10.3 %. The vapor pressures of the compounds are discussed in the light of ligand symmetry concerns. Chemical vapor deposition experiments with these compounds produced films which were characterized by XRD, SEM, ESCA and surface profilometry. Film deposit composition and morphology are related to deposition ambient.
Novel technique to reconstruct instantaneous heavy-duty emissions

Transient vehicle emissions, as measured in test cells or by on-board systems, do not precisely reflect the emissions at the exhaust because the instantaneous emissions are dispersed in time by the sampling and analyser systems. With increasing demand for accurate emission measurements to optimize engine controls and for atmospheric inventory models, research effort has been directed at compensating for measurement distortions by the emissions analyser system. This paper presents a new procedure, known as the modified deconvolution technique, which may be employed for the reconstruction of instantaneous emissions signals. The method was applied to revising mass rates of emissions as a function of speed and acceleration for the case of a transit bus. This revision (or reconstruction) led to a higher range of emissions rates and, for most high-power speed-acceleration bins, the mass emissions rate was increased. For bins with high deceleration, emissions rates were reduced.
Computer Technology for the Feminist Classroom

This article presents an evaluation of a social work course on oppression and diversity in which an interactive Web page was used to structure feminist learning experiences. Three assignments are described—an online diversity discussion board, a “digital poster” group research project, and the summary and critique of articles. The evaluation found that several processes that are key to a feminist classroom were achieved, including community building, collaboration, peer learning, empowerment, and the development of leadership capacity. The majority of students thought that the class was a supportive, collaborative environment in which they were able to achieve their learning goals. Implications for using technology to structure feminist learning experiences are discussed.
Do Crime-Related Expenditures Crowd Out Higher Education Expenditures?

Fears about insufficient public education spending are often expressed in the area of higher education, whereby it is often argued that increases in expenditures on crime-related programs crowd out expenditures on higher education. This view suggests that higher education and crime-related programs directly compete for government expenditures so that what one program gains the other must lose as in a zero-sum game. A competing hypothesis is that higher crime-related spending leads to higher taxes or public debt issuance or to lower spending on programs other than higher education. We estimate a three-equation model of spending on crime-related programs, spending on higher education, and the crime rate from which we directly test whether spending on crime-related programs and higher education influence each other. Our empirical analysis provides weak evidence that crime-related programs have crowded out spending on higher education.