cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Presentation Slides) The Causal Effect of Limits to Arbitrage on Asset Pricing Anomalies

We examine the causal effect of limits to arbitrage on 11 well-known asset pricing anomalies using the pilot program of Regulation SHO, which relaxed short-sale constraints for a quasi-random set of pilot stocks, as a natural experiment. We find that the anomalies became weaker on portfolios constructed with pilot stocks during the pilot period. The pilot program reduced the combined anomaly long-short portfolio returns by 72 basis points per month, a difference that survives risk adjustment with standard factor models. The effect comes only from the short legs of the anomaly portfolios. Paper is available here: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2696672.
Tau local structure shields an amyloid-forming motif and controls aggregation propensity

Tauopathies are neurodegenerative diseases characterized by intracellular amyloid deposits of tau protein. Missense mutations in the tau gene (MAPT) correlate with aggregation propensity and cause dominantly inherited tauopathies, but their biophysical mechanism driving amyloid formation is poorly understood. Many disease-associated mutations localize within tau's repeat domain at inter-repeat interfaces proximal to amyloidogenic sequences, such as 306VQIVYK311. We use cross-linking mass spectrometry, recombinant protein and synthetic peptide systems, in silico modeling, and cell models to conclude that the aggregation-prone 306VQIVYK311 motif forms metastable compact structures with its upstream sequence that modulates aggregation propensity. We report that disease-associated mutations, isomerization of a critical proline, or alternative splicing are all sufficient to destabilize this local structure and trigger spontaneous aggregation. These findings provide a biophysical framework to explain the basis of early conformational changes that may underlie genetic and sporadic tau pathogenesis.
Hepatocytes prepare the soil for liver metastasis.

ABSTRACTThe liver is the most common organ site of cancer metastasis. Molecular determinants of this organotropism, though, are poorly understood. We recently showed that hepatocytes regulate the f...
The clinical and immune outcomes after food allergen immunotherapy emphasizing the development of tolerance.

Purpose of review The present review serves to outline the direction of food allergy immunotherapy research with an emphasis on clinical and immunologic outcomes. It helps to delineate sustained unresponsiveness achieved from food immunotherapy as the clinical outcome most similar to immune tolerance. Recent findings We will discuss the difference between immune tolerance, desensitization, and sustained unresponsiveness in relation to food immunotherapy by discussing the clinical and immunologic changes which have been recently discovered. Summary Research has recently shown that oral immunotherapy is most efficacious clinically at achieving desensitization to a food and sustained unresponsiveness.
Operant renewal of desirable behavior in a simulated workplace: A translational model

Organizational settings are replete with changing stimulus contexts and contingencies, which makes relapse a particularly relevant framework for understanding the ways in which controlling stimuli influence employee responding. The purpose of the current study was to develop a translational model to assess renewal of desirable behavior in a simulated workplace with neurotypical adults. Experiment 1 assessed renewal of desirable behavior using a computerized check processing task. Experiment 2 extended the findings and the translational utility of the experimental arrangement to implementation of a behavior-analytic teaching procedure. Results across both experiments demonstrated renewal of desirable behavior. Overall, the current methodology and findings extend the human operant literature on renewal and demonstrate a translational model that brings together operant renewal and organizational behavior management.
Probing the Kinetics of Crystallite Growth in Sol–Gel Derived Metal-Oxides Using Nanocalorimetry

In this work, we show that fast-scanning chip nanocalorimetry can be used to kinetically separate the heat flow contributions of crystallite growth and precursor decomposition that occur during the...
Evaluating the Incident Energy of Arcs in Photovoltaic DC Systems: Comparison Between Calculated and Experimental Data

Incident energies in photovoltaic (PV) systems are modeled using a variety of methods. These methods are referenced in NFPA 70E and other publications. Direct-current (dc) systems, such as PV systems, may not follow the conventional model used in the present standards. Using experimental data, we will correlate and refine the incident-energy calculations for PV systems. This article proposes a methodology for validating the latest 70E methods for dc PV systems. A forthcoming article will present more of the test results after we improve the test setup and procedures. This article will only discuss dc arcs in PV systems and will not cover arcs in other types of dc systems (e.g., batteries, capacitors, etc.).
An Update from the Editor-in-Chief.

![][1] It has been a year since I began as the Editor-in-Chief of Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention ( CEBP ), the leading subspecialty journal for scientifically meritorious reports on fundamental and applied population-based and population-focused cancer research. As
Chapter 14 – Vascular Supply

Publisher Summary The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) angiography techniques have made possible the non-invasive visualization of the vascular tree in this species. The spatial resolution of these techniques is however limited, it is prone to errors in the interpretation of large vessels images and lacks visualization of the arteriolar and capillary circulation. Direct observation of brain tissue after perfusion with contrast or casting material is still the mainstay of investigation in this area. The following description of the mouse cerebral vascular system is based on images obtained from adult mice by perfusion of carbon-based contrast material and observation and tracing of surface vessels and tissue sections. The brain of a mouse approximates the size of an almond, and weighs about 0.5 grams. Such size limitations present a formidable challenge to the detailed mapping of cerebral perfusion. A number of methods have been applied to the measurement of cerebral perfusion in the mouse. Choice of the method for measuring CBF should be dictated by the experimental question. Ideally, CBF mapping in mouse models would be performed under conditions which approximate those used in human subjects, i.e. non-sedated animals with minimal interference with the subject's natural behavior. At the same time, the ideal imaging modality would optimize spatial and temporal resolution, allow for dynamic measurements of cerebrovascular changes, provide high target-to-background ratios, while providing three-dimensional (3D) views of brain function. A number of methodologies that have been adapted to mice offer a clear window into the cerebral perfusion of the mouse. The vascular anatomy of the mouse brain is more similar than different than that of the rat brain.
Occupational Deprivation Among Female Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence Who Have Physical Disabilities.

Importance: Women with disabilities face a heightened risk of intimate partner violence (IPV) compared with those without disabilities. The damaging impact of IPV compromises the ability of survivors with disabilities to competently and independently engage in daily occupations. Objective: To examine the impact of occupational deprivation on survivors of IPV who have physical disabilities. Design: The findings presented in this article are part of a larger qualitative study. Semistructured interviews were conducted over the course of 18 mo, primarily focusing on questions related to four areas: abuse experience and risk assessment, use and nonuse of self-protective strategies, necessary support services, and impact of disability in relation to these phenomena. Setting: A nonresidential domestic violence agency serving people with disabilities located in New York City. Participants: Twenty-five women with physical disabilities receiving services from a domestic violence agency that specializes in assisting people with disabilities. Results: The findings reported here focus on educational, vocational, financial, and physical barriers to occupational engagement faced by IPV survivors with disabilities. Conclusion and Relevance: The occupational deprivation experienced by IPV survivors with disabilities can entrap women in abusive relationships, preventing them from independently supporting themselves and their children. Occupational therapy practitioners can provide education and interventions that increase their ability to live independently. What This Article Adds: This article provides a novel consideration of how occupational therapy practitioners can help survivors with disabilities escape IPV through occupational engagement.
Association of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio With Pulmonary Function in a 30-Year Longitudinal Study of US Veterans

Importance Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a critical public health burden. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), an inflammation biomarker, has been associated with COPD morbidity and mortality; however, its associations with lung function decline and COPD development are poorly understood. Objective To explore the associations of NLR with lung function decline and COPD risks. Design, Setting, and Participants This longitudinal cohort study included white male veterans in the US with more than 30 years of follow-up to investigate the associations of NLR with lung function, COPD, and hypomethylation of cg05575921, the top DNA methylation marker of lung function changes in response to tobacco smoking. This study included 7466 visits from 1549 participants, each examined up to 13 times between 1982 and 2018. A subgroup of 1411 participants without COPD at baseline were selected to analyze the association of NLR with incident COPD. Data were analyzed from September 2019 to January 2020. Exposures The primary exposure was NLR, which was estimated using automated whole blood cell counts based on a blood sample collected at each visit. The methylation level of cg05575921 was measured in blood DNA from a subgroup of 1228 visits. Main Outcomes and Measures The outcomes of interest were lung function, measured as forced respiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) in liters, forced vital capacity (FVC) in liters, percentage of FVC exhaled in the first second (FEV1/FVC), and maximal midexpiratory flow rate (MMEF) in liters per minute and COPD status, defined as meeting the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Diseases stage II (or higher) criteria. Both outcomes were measured as each visit. Results Among 1549 included men (mean [SD] age, 68.3 [9.3] years) with 7466 visits from 1982 to 2018, a 1-unit increase in NLR was associated with statistically significant mean (SE) decreases of 0.021 (0.004) L in FEV1, 0.016 (0.005) L in FVC, 0.290% (0.005) L in FVC, 0.290% (0.065%) in FEV1/FVC, and 3.65 (0.916) L/min MMEF. Changes in NLR up to approximately 10 years were associated with corresponding longitudinal changes in lung function. Furthermore, this increase in NLR was associated with 9% higher odds of COPD (odds ratio, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.03-1.15]) for all visits and 27% higher risk of incident COPD (odds ratio, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.07-1.51]) for participants without COPD at baseline. Additionally, a 1-unit increase in NLR was associated with a mean (SE) decrease of 0.0048 (0.0021 in cg05575921 hypomethylation, which may mediate the adverse association of NLR-related inflammation on lung function. Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that NLR may be a clinically relevant biomarker associated with high risk of lung function impairment and COPD alone or in combination with DNA methylation profiles.
Agri-Combs: Open-Path Dual-Comb Spectroscopy of Livestock Emissions

Near-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy is performed over two open-air paths upwind and downwind from pens containing approximately four hundred cattle. Time-resolved enhancements of CO 2 , CH 4 , NH 3 and H 2 O were observed on the downwind path. Work of the US Government and not subject to copyright.
The mPINC survey: Impacting US maternity care practices

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention administered the original Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) survey, a census of all US birth facilities, from 2007 to 2015 to monitor infant feeding-related maternity care practices and policies. The purpose of this paper is to describe the many uses of mPINC data. Hospitals, organizations and governments (federal, state and local) have used the mPINC survey as a tool for improving care among the populations they serve. Nationally, the mPINC survey has been used to document marked improvements in infant feeding-related maternity care. Researchers have used the mPINC data to examine a variety of questions related to maternity care practices and policies. The newly revised mPINC survey (2018) has been designed to capture changes that have occurred over the past decade in infant feeding-related US maternity care. Hospitals, organizations, governments and researchers will be able to continue using this important tool in their efforts to ensure US maternity care practices and policies are fully supportive of breastfeeding.
Ethical perspectives in sharing digital data for public health surveillance before and shortly after the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic

Data from digital technologies are increasingly integrated in public health research. In April of 2020, we interviewed a subset of participants (N = 25) who completed a survey approximately one mon...
Epstein Barr virus hepatitis: case series and review

Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infection causes asymptomatic liver-associated enzyme abnormalities in 80 to 90% of cases which are often unrecognized. Patients with acute EBV infections may also develop cholestatic hepatitis with associated jaundice and hepatitis with moderate elevations in the transaminase levels. Other gastrointestinal complications associated with EBV may include splenic rupture, liver failure due to acute and/or chronic EBV infection, and perhaps, autoimmune hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. This article presents a case series of EBV infections with clinically significant hepatitis and reviews the literature on the gastrointestinal complications of EBV.
Head-up auditory displays for traffic collision avoidance system advisories: a preliminary investigation

The advantage of a head-up auditory display was evaluated in a preliminary experiment designed to measure and compare the acquisition time for capturing visual targets under two auditory conditions: standard one-earpiece presentation and two-earpiece three-dimensional (3D) audio presentation. Twelve commercial airline crews were tested under full mission simulation conditions at the NASA-Ames Man-Vehicle Systems Research Facility advanced concepts flight simulator. Scenario software generated visual targets corresponding to aircraft that would activate a traffic collision avoidance system (TCAS) aural advisory; the spatial auditory position was linked to the visual position with 3D audio presentation. Results showed that crew members using a 3D auditory display acquired targets approximately 2.2 s faster than did crew members who used one-earpiece headsets, but there was no significant difference in the number of targets acquired.
Full weak-charge density distribution of $^{48}$Ca from parity-violating electron scattering

Background: The ground state neutron density of a medium mass nucleus contains fundamental nuclear structure information and is at present relatively poorly known. Purpose: We explore if parity violating elastic electron scattering can provide a feasible and model independent way to determine not just the neutron radius but the full radial shape of the neutron density ρn(r) and the weak charge density ρW(r) of a nucleus. Methods: We expand the weak charge density of Ca48 in a model independent Fourier Bessel series and calculate the statistical errors in the individual coefficients that might be obtainable in a model parity violating electron scattering experiment. Results: We find that it is feasible to determine roughly six Fourier Bessel coefficients of the weak charge density of Ca48 within a reasonable amount of beam time. However, it would likely be much harder to determine the full weak density of a significantly heavier nucleus such as Pb208. Conclusions: Parity violating elastic electron scattering can determine the full weak charge density of a medium mass nucleus in a model independent way. This weak density contains fundamental information on the size, surface thickness, shell oscillations, and saturation density of the neutron distribution in a nucleus. The measured ρW(r), combined with the previously known charge density ρch(r), will literally provide a detailed textbook picture of where the neutrons and protons are located in an atomic nucleus.
Nonendoscopic, minimally invasive calvarial vault remodeling without postoperative helmeting for sagittal synostosis.

Object Multiple surgical procedures have been described for the management of isolated nonsyndromic sagittal synostosis. Minimally invasive techniques have been recently emphasized, but these techniques necessitate the use of an endoscope and postoperative helmeting. The authors assert that a safe and effective, more “minimalistic” approach is possible, avoiding the use of endoscopic visualization and routine postoperative application of a cranial orthosis. Methods A single-institution cohort analysis was performed on 18 cases involving infants treated for isolated nonsyndromic sagittal synostosis between 2008 and 2010 using a nonendoscopic, minimally invasive calvarial vault remodeling (CVR) procedure without postoperative helmeting. The surgical technique is described. Variables analyzed were: age at time of surgery, sex, estimated blood loss (EBL), operative time, intraoperative complications, postoperative complications, length of stay, pre- and postoperative cephalic index (CI), clinical impressions,...
Parallel finite element computation of contact-impact problems with large deformations

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a framework for the parallel explicit dynamics simulation of frictional contact-impact problems involving shells and solids on distributed memory architectures. Contact detection is performed in parallel with orthogonal range queries based on a sparse bucket data structure. The size and complexity of problems, which can be tackled in a parallel computing environment, require particularly robust and efficient contact algorithms. A common approach for deriving contact enforcement methods, such as the penalty or the Lagrangian multiplier method, is to start on the continuum level and to discretize the nonsmooth differential equations. This approach leads to the well-known robustness problems, including the nonuniqueness of the normal and nonsmoothness of the discretized contact surfaces.
Chronic behavioral disorders of human REM sleep: a new category of parasomnia.

Four men, aged 67-72 years, had 4-month to 6-year histories of injuring themselves or their spouses with aggressive behaviors during sleep, often during attempted dream enactment. A 60-year-old woman had disruptive though nonviolent sleep and dream behaviors. Polysomnography did not detect seizures but did document REM sleep pathology with variable loss of chin atonia, extraordinarily increased limb-twitch activity, and increased REM ocular activity and density. A broad range of REM sleep behaviors was recorded on videotape, including stereotypical hand motions, reaching and searching gestures, punches, kicks, and verified dream movements. Stage 3-4 slow wave sleep was elevated for age in all patients. NREM sleep was devoid of harmful behaviors, although three men had periodic myoclonus. There was no associated psychiatric disorder, whereas serious neurologic disorder was closely associated in four cases: olivo-ponto-cerebellar degeneration, Guillain-Barre syndrome, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and an atypical dementia. Two patients had immediate and lasting sleep behavioral suppression induced by clonazepam, and another patient had the same response with desipramine. All instances of drug discontinuation prompted immediate relapse. In four cases there was associated dream hyperactivity, which resolved with behavioral control. These REM sleep neurobehavioral disorders constitute another category of parasomnia, replicate findings from 21 years ago in cats receiving pontine tegmental lesions, and offer additional perspectives on human behavior, neurophysiology, pharmacology, and dream phenomenology.
Aerodynamic Variables in the Bulk Formulation of Turbulent Fluxes

Aerodynamic variables are required to apply Monin–Obukhov similarity theory in the bulk formulation of surface fluxes. In the literature, these aerodynamic variables are commonly misinterpreted. In this paper, we review the concept of the aerodynamic variable, its connection to surface-layer similarity theory and how and why the aerodynamic variable is replaced with other variables. Observed mean variables below the surface layer, such as the surface radiation temperature, or the air temperature at canopy height, are often used in place of the extrapolated aerodynamic variables in the bulk formula, requiring empirical relationships between aerodynamic and observed variables, or requiring empirical adjustments of bulk resistances. The present study examines the validity of these relationshi Experiment (CODE). The results indicate that using a measured substitute for an aerodynamic variable can lead to significant errors in estimates of turbulent surface fluxes.
ABC of obesity. Management: Part III--surgery.

professor of surgery and medicine in the department of surgery, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York. Although surgery can be a potentially life extending treatment for obesity, most patients and doctors reject surgical intervention. Moreover, no national health budget or insurance can afford surgery on a very large scale. However, obesity surgery is a successful, validated, legitimate treatment and needs to be considered in some circumstances. Healthcare workers and the public alike still lack awareness about the epidemiological consequences of and the severity of outcomes associated with pregnancy in obese women. Outcomes include fetal loss, malformations, intellectual impairment, lifelong psychosocial suffering, and programming of chronic metabolic diseases. People also lack awareness about the epigenetic transmission of obesity to their daughters, who themselves go on to become obese mothers. View this table: Goal and methods of obesity surgery Given the seriousness of the obesity epidemic, “preventive surgery” in obese young women may therefore be indicated when all else fails. Furthermore, such surgery can prevent the inexorable progression of obesity towards manifest comorbidity (such as diabetes, congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis, and hypertension) and, ultimately, irreversible chronic disease and end organ failure. View this table: Key prerequisites for obesity surgery Obesity surgery entails a trade-off between the progressively debilitating intractable symptoms and chronic diseases associated with obesity and the side effects and complications of operations designed to create chronic (relative) undernutrition. Most obese adults who have chosen surgery and had complications (including death) have been satisfied with their choice because their lives as obese individuals were often not worth living. Early obesity surgery can bring secondary health problems. Nevertheless, the extraordinary lifelong suffering imposed by the psychosocial sequelae of extreme childhood obesity cannot be underestimated: depression, anxiety, eating disorders, vocational and marital failure, and years of life lost. Mitigating the impairment of quality of life might well be …
Dr. Spock and the Case of the Vanishing Women Jurors

When the one hundred jurors whose names the clerk had pulled from the court's jury box appeared before the judge who was to try Dr. Benjamin Spock and his associates for conspiring to violate the Military Service Act of 1967,1 there were only nine women among them.2 Since the jurors wvere allegedly drawn more or less at random3 from the list of residents over 21, the nine women posed a puzzle: how could such a selection reduce the proportion of women from over 50 per cent in the eligible population4 to 9 per cent in the jury venire? On this ground the defense challenged the array of jurors, and the inquiry into this perplexing sex distribution was undertaken in aid of that challenge.5 By what transpired in the course of that inquiry, there hangs a tale of three-fold significance. First, there was the essential problem of solving the mystery of the vanishing women; the first five sections of this article trace the clues which lead to the solution. The sixth section considers the relevance of the solution to a more general subject that is attracting increasing interest in the courts-proof of an event through statistical inference. In the final section, the beneficial effects of the recent changes in the law governing the selection of federal juries8 are broughit into focus against the background provided by this study of the procedure under the old statute.
Association of Skin Cancer and Indoor Tanning in Sexual Minority Men and Women

Importance Skin cancer, the most common cancer in the United States, is highly associated with outdoor and indoor tanning behaviors. Although indoor tanning has been suggested to be more common among sexual minority (self-reported as homosexual, gay, or bisexual) men compared with heterosexual men, whether rates of skin cancer vary by sexual orientation is unknown. Objective To investigate whether skin cancer prevalence and indoor tanning behaviors vary by sexual orientation in the general population. Design, Setting, and Participants We performed a cross-sectional study using data from the 2001, 2003, 2005, and 2009 California Health Interview Surveys (CHISs) and the 2013 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) of population-based samples of the California and US noninstitutionalized civilian population. Participants included 192 575 men and women 18 years or older who identified as heterosexual or a sexual minority. Main Outcomes and Measures Self-reported lifetime history of skin cancer and 12-month history of indoor tanning. Results The study included 78 487 heterosexual men, 3083 sexual minority men, 107 976 heterosexual women, and 3029 sexual minority women. Sexual minority men were more likely than heterosexual men to report having skin cancer (2001-2005 CHISs: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.56; 95% CI, 1.18-2.06, P P = .02) and having tanned indoors (2009 CHIS: aOR, 5.80; 95% CI, 2.90-11.60, P P P = .008) and having tanned indoors (2009 CHIS: aOR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.20-0.92, P = .03; 2013 NHIS: aOR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.26-0.81, P = .007). Conclusions and Relevance Sexual minority men indoor tan more frequently and report higher rates of skin cancer than heterosexual men. Primary and secondary prevention efforts targeted at sexual minority men might reduce risk factors for, and consequences of, skin cancer.
Image retrieval by region of interest motif co-occurence matrix

Because of the fast developing technologies in multimedia devices, we are able to receive huge amounts of images from daily life. Once these images have been stored, the next step is to figure out how to retrieve the desired pictures quickly and accurately from the database. In this paper, we intend to develop an efficient image retrieval algorithm. Using this algorithm, we can retrieve desired images by using similar input sample images. Our research images include vehicles, buildings, flowers and other natural scenes. First, we applied the edge and morphological filter on the grey scale images to refill and extract the largest interesting object from the image. Second, we developed an image retrieval algorithm called Region of Interest (ROI) Motif Co-occurrence Matrix (RMCM) to find the relation of the neighboring pixels on the image. In this algorithm, we need to generate a 2 × 2 pattern called a motif. The main idea of this algorithm is to quickly and accurately find the characteristic values about motif. Finally, we can compare the Euclidean distance of the characteristic values from the motif to locate the most similar image from database. In our develop algorithm we combine the partly area motif and characteristic area center location methods to raise the accuracy and speed of recognition. Using our proposed algorithm RMCM, the mean processing time is about 0.82 seconds per image. This value is faster than using Motif Co-occurrence Matrix (MCM) by about 2.57 times. The accurate recognition rates are about 95% and 87% as related to vehicles and buildings.
Procrastination tendencies among obsessive-compulsives and their relatives.

Participants diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD; 39 women, 26 men; M age = 40) and their family relatives (11 women, 7 men; M age = 45) completed standardized measures of obsessions, compulsions, decisional procrastination (indecision), and avoidant procrastination. Among the OCDs, obsessions were related significantly to decisional procrastination, and compulsions were related significantly to decisional and avoidant procrastination. In comparison to family members of obsessive compulsives, the OCDs reported significantly greater obsessions, compulsions, and indecisions, but not procrastination motivated by avoidance. Results suggest that individuals with clinical obsessive-compulsive tendencies do, in fact, report states of indecision, as claimed by DSM-III-R. However, these clinical individuals may not differ significantly from nonclinical samples (e.g., family members) in avoidant procrastination.
Determinants of Dominance in the Tree Lizard Urosaurus ornatus: the Relative Importance of Mass, Previous Experience and Coloration

A determination of some of the factors that predict the outcome of contests between male tree lizards, Urosaurus ornatus, was made using logistic regression modelling on matched-pair data. Two-day-long encounters were staged between pairs of males differing in size (snout-vent length and mass), previous contest status (previous winners and previous losers), and coloration (dorsal coloration during their previous contest and throat coloration, a fixed trait). Mass proved to be the best single predictor of contest outcome, resulting in an 80% correct classification rate for predicting winners and losers, far better than the less than 57% correct classification rate for snout-vent length. Previous social status (winner or loser) also was a powerful single predictor of contest outcome with a 793% correct classification rate, as was previous dorsal coloration (76.7%). When combined, mass and previous status produced the strongest combination of predictors with a better than 86% correct classification rate. Contrary to several previous studies, which implicated throat coloration as an important status signal of dominance, our results failed to show that throat coloration is a strong predictor of contest outcome. Possible reasons for this discrepancy with earlier findings are discussed. The logistic regression models also allow prediction of the magnitude of difference in mass between two contestants for there to be an equal chance of winning, given a second asymmetry in contest predictors.
Left ventricular pacing site-timing optimization during biventricular pacing using a multi-electrode patch.

A 71-year-old man with class IV congestive heart failure and an infected pacemaker/implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) underwent median sternotomy for removal of endocardial leads with a 15-mm vegetation. Cardiac output during biventricular pacing was optimized with an aortic flow probe, a multi-electrode left ventricular patch, and a randomized protocol assessing 54 combinations of pacing site and right ventricle–left ventricle delay. Results that were assessed with response surface methodology determined permanent epicardial lead position and timing. The difference between the best and worst site-timing combinations altered cardiac index by nearly 70%. This experience demonstrates potential importance of the epicardial approach to site-timing optimization for biventricular pacing.
Programming for Parallelism

In the last few years we have seen an explosion in the interest in and availability of parallel processors and a corresponding expansion in applications programming activity. Clearly, applications programmers need tools to express the parallelism, either in the form of subroutine libraries or language extensions. There has been no shortage of providers of such tools. These tools allow the applications programmer to express the parallelism explicitly. There are also projects underway to provide automatic parallelization of sequential code.
An un-mixing model to study watershed erosion processes

Abstract An un-mixing model is formulated within a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo framework for use within land-use fingerprinting to study watershed erosion processes. The model has two new components: (1) An equation and erosion process parameter are used to weight tracer signatures from each erosion process within a land-use. (2) An extra tracer distribution and episodic erosion parameter are used to represent soil eroded throughout the sampling duration and thus include the episodic nature of erosion. To test specification of these new parameters, the un-mixing model is applied in the 15 km2 Jerome Creek Watershed in the Palouse Region of Northwestern Idaho. Erosion processes include surface erosion upon mountain slopes due to logging in the forest land-use and rill/interrill erosion on cultivated slopes and headcut erosion in riparian floodplains of the agricultural land-use (winter wheat/peas rotation and hay pasture). Episodic erosion occurs for the event where the model is applied. A sensitivity analysis shows that the smallest Bayesian credible set results when the new parameters are specified using hydrologic data and process-based models. The un-mixing model predicts that 90% of the eroded-soil originated from the agricultural land-use and 10% originated from the forest land-use. A comparative study is performed that estimates 90.5% and 9.5% of eroded-soil originated from the agricultural and forest land-uses. Successful performance of the un-mixing model highlights future application as a standalone probabilistic tool to monitor watershed erosion processes that exhibit non-equilibrium conditions and provide calibration data for process-based watershed models.
Management of Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome of the Temporoniandibular Joint by Tension Control Training

• The vast majority of the so-called "temporomandibular joint problems" seen by clinicians involve muscle pain or tenderness, clicking, and limitation of mandibular movement, due to muscle fatigue or spasm; these painful conditions of the masticatory or cranium stabilizing muscles with alteration in mandibular function have been referred to as a myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS) I. J', and may be described as an extracapsular disorder. It must be differentiated from intracapsular problems and therefore should not be classified as a temporomandibular joint disorder per se. The characteristic symptoms arise from the muscles of mastication, primarily the lateral pterygoids and masseters, along with the temporalis and medial pterygoids in various combinations. Although patients' complaints center around the jaw and sometimes include the ear, examination frequently discloses more extensive involvement of the musculature. Patients may exhibit tenderness to palpation of muscles in the neck, shoulders and arms, as far peripherally as the forearms.
Language ideology and second language learning

The increasing recognition of the concept language ideology and the corresponding increasing use of the term have not yet been matched by applications in the field of second language acquisition. However, applications of the concept in analysis of actual classroom practices have shown it to have considerable explanatory power. Greater consideration of language ideology in SLA is necessary not only to achieve greater understanding of the role of ideology in various areas but also to show connections between these areas that may yield important generalizations and to impel the application of the concept in areas where it has been neglected by highlighting its uneven treatment.
Thickness-twist vibrations of an infinite, monoclinic, crystal plate

Abstract Thickness-twist modes of vibration of an infinite plate are standing waves with displacement and wave-normal at right angles to each other and parallel to the faces of the plate. In a monoclinic crystal plate. such waves are possible if the displacement is in the direction of the digonal axis. The pertinent solution of the three-dimensional equations of elasticity for a plate with free faces is given, as well as another solution with the effect of the inertia of electrode films taken into account. The results are applicable to the rotated-Y-cut quartz plates used as oscillator and filter crystals in electric circuits.
Design Automation Framework for Application-Specific Logic-in-Memory Blocks

This paper presents a design methodology forhardware synthesis of application-specific logic-in-memory(LiM) blocks. Logic-in-memory designs tightly integrate specializedcomputation logic with embedded memory, enablingmore localized computation, thus save energy consumption. Asa demonstration, we present an end-to-end design frameworkto automatically synthesize an interpolation based logic-in-memoryblock named interpolation memory, which combinesa seed table with simple arithmetic logic to efficiently evaluatefunctions. In order to support multiple consecutive seed dataaccess that is required in the interpolation operation, wesynthesize the physical memory into the novel rectangular accesssmart memory blocks. We evaluated a large designspace of interpolation memories in sub-20 nm commercialCMOS technology by using the proposed design framework.Furthermore, we implemented a logic-in-memory based computedtomography (CT) medical image reconstruction systemand our experimental results show that the logic-in-memorycomputing method achieves orders of magnitude of energysaving compared with the traditional in-processor computing.
Probability Hypothesis Density-Based Multitarget Tracking for Proximity Sensor Networks

An investigation of the feasibility of a mesh network of proximity sensors to track targets is presented. In such a network the sensors report binary detection/nondetection measurements for the targets within proximity. A new probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter and its particle implementation for multiple-target tracking in a proximity sensor network are proposed. The performance and robustness of the new method are evaluated over simulated matching and mismatching cases for the sensor models. The simulations demonstrate the utility of the PHD filter to both track the number of targets and their locations.
Tissue Distribution of 3H-Canrenoate Potassium in Rabbits

Plasma and various organ concentrations of canrenone, canrenoate, and total 3H-activity were measured following single doses of 20 mg of 3H-canrenoate/kg iv to rabbits. Organs studied included heart, lungs, brain, kidneys, liver, adrenal glands, and spleen. Canrenoate was shown to be in rapid equilibrium with canrenone. Both were eliminated from plasma and other tissues with a half-life of about 1 hr. Plasma concentrations of both drugs were equal as early as 10 min after intravenous drug administration. Canrenone was concentrated about 10-fold in organ tissues when compared to plasma, while no such preferential uptake was found with canrenoate. Total SH-activity declined slowly in all tissues with a half-life of approximately 15 hr, indicating extensive metabolism and metabolite retention in the rabbit.
58Ni(p, p′γ)58Ni angular correlation measurements

Abstract Angular correlation measurements in a 180° geometry for the 58 Ni(p, p′γ) reaction were used to determine the spins and γ-ray decay properties of states at 2.46, 2.78, 3.04 and 3.26 MeV. The 2.46 MeV state was verified to be spin J = 4, and the states at 2.78, 3.04 and 3.26 MeV were assigned spin J = 2. The (L+1)/L mixing ratio for the 2.78 → 1.46 MeV transition is δ = 1.5 −0.4 +1.5 , strongly suggesting positive parity for this state. Using the available information for the ground state branching of this 2 2 + state, the crossover to cascade ratio of the E2 transition rates is in disagreement by a factor of ≈ 10 4 with the recent shell-model predictions of Cohen et al. For the 3.04 and the 3.26 MeV levels the mixing ratios δ for transitions to the 2 1 + state are −0.1±0.15 and −0.4±0.2 with the corresponding branchings to the ground state of 38±2% and 64±2%, respectively.
The role of self-regulation strategies and self-efficacy perceptions in successful weight loss maintenance

Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify the self-regulatory strategies which people use to lose, maintain, or manage their weight, and to assess their self-efficacy perceptions to implement these strategies. Thirty-three (N = 33) undergraduate college students were divided into three groups based on their past weight loss experience and confirmed by their current Body Mass Index: (a) overweight participants who tried but failed to lose weight, (b) participants who used to be overweight but lost significant weight and kept it off for at least six months, and (c) participants with an optimal weight. All participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and correlation analyses. Participants who used self-regulatory strategies such as goal-setting, self-monitoring, self-evaluation, environmental structuring, time management, social assistance and information seeking were better able to maintain or lose weight. Overweight participants reported ...
Preliminary evaluation of atmospheric mapping functions based on numerical weather models

Abstract Mapping of the zenith hydrostatic delay at radio frequencies to elevations as low as 3° has been improved by making use of the in situ atmosphere state. This information might be obtained from a numerical weather model, thus providing better atmosphere calibration on a global scale. The new model has been evaluated by comparing the repeatability of the lengths of baselines measured by Very Long Baseline Interferometry for a limited set of high accuracy experiments from 1994 January. The improvement compared to using the Niell 1996 mapping function, though significant, is less than expected, indicating other sources of unmodeled error.
MtDNA haplotypes, sequence divergence, and morphological variation in Gray‐breasted Wood Wrens (Henichorina leucophrys) and their conservation implications

To reveal more clearly the places that are critical for generating and sustaining species diversity, the distribution of genetic diversity is informative for conservation. Evolutionary significant units (ESUs) represent distinct lineages within a species and are defined by genetic and morphological differences. We examine morpho- metrics and mitochondrial DNA sequences of two coastal and three Andean populations of Gray-breasted Wood Wrens (Henicorhina leucophrys) in Ecuador to determine if any populations are ESUs. Coastal Wood Wrens diverged genetically by 2.4%, 3.5%, and 4.4% from Andean populations of the northwest (Bellavista), southwest (Sural- Caucha), and southeast (Romerillos), respectively. The five populations (34 individuals) exhibited nine haplotypes. Both genetic and ecological results indicate that coastal Wood Wrens found in the Colonche Hills are ESUs, as are the Andean populations. In contrast with temperate regions, where large reserves connected by corridors may be effective, preservation of biodiversity in tropical South America may require protection of more localized areas. SINOPSIS. Haplotipos en el ADN mitocondrial, divergencia en su secuencia y variaci´ on morfol´ ogica en Henichorina leucophrys, e implicaciones para la consevaci´ on
A Neighboring Optimal Controller for Disturbance Rejection During Vehicle Evasive Maneuvers

This paper presents design of a neighboring optimal controller for vehicle evasive maneuvers. The developed controller is tested in presence of varying and constant side force disturbances. A model of wind side force is presented and the controller is tested. On simulated vehicle maneuver cases, the controller shows good disturbance rejection capabilities. The controller is able to perform the maneuver even in presence of 30 m/s (67 mph) wind gust with less than 1cm of error. Also, testing the controller with different bank angles shows that even with 10% bank angle the vehicle performs the maneuver with only 5 cm of error.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
The Lissajous transformation III. Parametric bifurcations

We examine a parametric family of cubic perturbed 1-1 resonant harmonic oscillators with an aim to understanding the phase flows of the reduced system. Variation of the parameters leads the system through five bifurcations of different types. Some bifurcations are due to passage through cases of discrete symmetry or integrability. A conjecture correlating degenerate equilibria in reduced systems with integrability is modified and reinforced.
Erosion-corrosion behavior and cathodic protection of alloys in seawater-sand slurries

An experimental study was conducted on the erosion-corrosion behavior of three alloys in seawater-sand slurries. The idea explored was to select a steel, a copper alloy, and a titanium alloy, which should have good resistance to abrasive wear because of high hardness (within their alloy classes). Then cathodic pro-tection would be used to protect them from corrosion. The alloys studied were 4340 steel, silicon bronze, and titanium alloy Ti-6V-4Al. Limiting conditions for cathodic protection were derived from electro-chemical polarization measurements. From erosion-corrosion tests, it was found that erosive wear by sand dominated the metal loss rates of both silicon bronze and Ti-6V-4Al. For the 4340 steel, which was the hardest material, cathodic protection provided good erosion-corrosion resistance. Supplementary measurements showed that ductility loss due to cathodically charged hydrogen in the 4340 steel was neg-ligible under the experimental conditions.
The polarization of continuum radiation in sunspots. I - Rayleigh and Thomson scattering

Expressions are derived for the Stokes parameters of light scattered by a layer of free electrons and hydrogen atoms in a sunspot. A physically reasonable sunspot model was found so that the direction of the calculated linear polarization agrees reasonably with observations. The magnitude of the calculated values of the linear polarization agrees generally with values observed in the continuum at 5830 A. Circular polarization in the continuum also accompanies electron scattering in spot regions; however for commonly accepted values of the longitudinal magnetic field, the predicted circular polarization is much smaller than observed.
Coherence, Continuity, and Cohesion: Theoretical Foundations for Document Design

Contents: Introduction: A Research Agenda. Coherence: The Recipient's Perspective. Continuity and Local Cohesion: The Producer's Perspective. Global Cohesion and Discourse Organization: The Interaction of Cohesive Elements. Methods for Applying Cohesion Analysis. Implications for the Practice and Pedagogy of Technical and Scientific Communication. Appendices.