cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Orientation of a Helical Nanofilament (B4) Liquid‐Crystal Phase: Topographic Control of Confinement, Shear Flow, and Temperature Gradients

The liquid-crystal (LC) phases of bent-core molecules have been of great interest because of their unusual polar and chiral properties, as well as their exotic collective behavior, including the formation of macroscopic chiral structures from achiral molecules. [ 1–9 ] The bent-core molecules strongly nanosegregate, leading to the formation of polar and chiral arrangements of the bent cores into planar or modulated layers. Subtle interactions between layers can be manipulated to produce a variety of ferroor anti-ferroelectric phases. Among the most mysterious and interesting of these new phases is the B4, a locally layered phase with hexatic or semicrystalline ordering of the layers, showing large optical rotation and light scattering which suggests a strongly chiral local structure. Recently, it has been shown that the B4 is a phase of spontaneously self-assembling helical nanofi laments (HNFs), the morphology of which is driven by a tendency for local saddle splay deformation of the semicrystalline layers. [ 7 ] These nanofi laments, shown in Figure 1 b for the bent-core material NOBOW (benzoic acid, 4-[(E)-([4-(nonyloxy)phenyl]imino) methyl]-,1,1’-(1,3-phenylene)ester) (Figure 1 a) grow from the higher temperature isotropic or fl uid bent-core phases with a well-defi ned pitch of the helical twist and lateral structure and dimensions. The bulk B4 is a close packing of HNFs in which the fi lament axes are parallel to one another and their layer twist becomes macroscopically coherent. In the fi lament growth process a nucleation event establishes the handedness of a fi lament and this handedness is transferred to subsequently growing fi laments to form large ( ≈ 100μ m dimension) homochiral domains with either right-handed and left-handed characteristics. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging of the air/LC surface of the B4 reveals this bulk structure,
Intraoperative detection of 18F-FDG-avid tissue sites using the increased probe counting efficiency of the K-alpha probe design and variance-based statistical analysis with the three-sigma criteria

Background: Intraoperative detection of 18 F-FDG-avid tissue sites during 18 F-FDG-directed surgery can be very challenging when utilizing gamma detection probes that rely on a fixed target-to-background (T/B) ratio (ratiometric threshold) for determination of probe positivity. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the counting efficiency and the success rate of in situ intraoperative detection of 18 F-FDG-avid tissue sites (using the three-sigma statistical threshold criteria method and the ratiometric threshold criteria method) for three different gamma detection probe systems. Methods: Of 58 patients undergoing 18 F-FDG-directed surgery for known or suspected malignancy using gamma detection probes, we identified nine 18 F-FDG-avid tissue sites (from amongst seven patients) that were seen on same-day preoperative diagnostic PET/CT imaging, and for which each 18 F-FDG-avid tissue site underwent attempted in situ intraoperative detection concurrently using three gamma detection probe systems (K-alpha probe, and two commercially-available PET-probe systems), and then were subsequently surgical excised. Results: The mean relative probe counting efficiency ratio was 6.9 (± 4.4, range 2.2–15.4) for the K-alpha probe, as compared to 1.5 (± 0.3, range 1.0–2.1) and 1.0 (± 0, range 1.0–1.0), respectively, for two commercially-available PET-probe systems (P < 0.001). Successful in situ intraoperative detection of 18 F-FDG-avid tissue sites was more frequently accomplished with each of the three gamma detection probes tested by using the three-sigma statistical threshold criteria method than by using the ratiometric threshold criteria method, specifically with the three-sigma statistical threshold criteria method being significantly better than the ratiometric threshold criteria method for determining probe positivity for the K-alpha probe (P = 0.05). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the improved probe counting efficiency of the K-alpha probe design used in conjunction with the three-sigma statistical threshold criteria method can allow for improved detection of 18 F-FDG-avid tissue sites when a low in situ T/B ratio is encountered.
Factors associated with positive attitudes toward organ donation in Arab Americans

Background: The demand for transplantable organ continues to exceed supply, particularly in minority patient populations. We explored the factors influencing organ donation attitude within the Arab American community. Methods: Secondary data analysis from a face-to-face survey administered in late 2003 to 1016 adults from a representative population-based sample on Greater Detroit Arab Americans. Results: Christian Arab Americans were more likely than Muslim Arab Americans, and women more than men, to believe organ donation after death was justifiable. Higher educational attainment and income, as well as greater acculturation into American society, were associated with greater odds of believing organ donation to be justified. Self-reported health status and level of psychological distress and health insurance status were not associated with beliefs about organ donation. Conclusions: A multifaceted approach toward increasing organ donation rates in this growing population requires targeted community-health care system collaborations involving religious and civic leaders using Arabic language and culturally sensitive media. Summary: Arab Americans represent a growing population about which little is known in regard to organ donation and transplantation. This population is not specifically captured within national and local trans- plantation databases, and little empiric work has assessed attitudes and barriers toward organ donation and transplantation within this community. Our work represents the first to use a representative population-based sample to explore the modifiable and non-modifiable characteristics of those who believe cadaveric organ donation to be justified.
Geography and Ethics: Everyday Mediations Through Care and Consumption:

Some months ago, in preparation for compil-ing the next three geography and ethicsreports, I registered with one of the commonelectronic database services to receive thetitles of journal articles focused on ethics.There are two things that I found noteworthyabout this exercise. The ﬁrst is the sheer vol-ume of contemporary work on ethics – by myrather unscientiﬁc reckoning, something ofthe order of 1500 articles dealing with ethicsare published in academic journals each year.The second is the presumed audience formuch of this work. It seems that the vastmajority of recent ethical writings are aimednot at the readers of social science journalslike this one, but rather at the mundane worldof institutions, organizations and public policy.In recent months, articles have addressed theethical dimensions of a wide range of socialand organizational practices, from auditing tozoo keeping. Ethics are being discussed bybankruptcy lawyers, money managers, judgesand dentists, and applied to our sportingevents, our militaries, and even our spaceagencies. Ethical conversations, it seems, aretaking place at a multitude of sites across thesocial domain.This state of affairs should probably beapplauded. But it does not necessarily ensurethat our social institutions function ethicallyor responsibly, or even that we can easilydetermine what that might mean. At issuehere is a common challenge of ethical think-ing: how do we bring normative demands tobear upon the social world of order, rules, andpublic policy? One well-known theorist whograppled with this challenge is EmmanuelLevinas, who often admitted that his concep-tion of ethics, based as it was on a one-to-onerelation with the singular Other, was ratherdifﬁcult to translate into a social world ofcitizen-subjects:
Microcomputer Usage in Marketing Departments of Fortune 500 Firms: What Should Marketing Students Study?

As microcomputer applications expand in marketing firms, providing relevant computer education for university marketing students is increasingly impor tant. This article reports the levels and kinds ofcomputer use in the nation's largest companies. These findings are used to recommend the content and direction of microcomputer education. Specific course content and software packages are considered.
Vitamin-resistant rickets.

Most series found in the literature on peritrochanteric fractures report failure rates of 9% to 35% for nonsliding fixation and 5% to 12% for devices that allow collapse about the axis of the barrel of the device, indicating that the concept of load sharing is a valid principle in the management of these injuries. Reviewing our experience with the fully collapsible devices reveals a remarkably low incidence of complications related to both metal failure and postoperative penetration of the femoral head. Most of the failures in our series occurred before the routine use of fluoroscopic operative placement control and can be related to inadvertent intraoperative penetration of the femoral head. With modern techniques, therefore, these complications are largely preventable. Despite those failures, which cannot be explained by technical error, we are extremely pleased with our overall results because the fully collapsible devices appear to allow early weight bearing without fear of fixation complications, even in unstable fractures. This concept allows for easier postoperative rehabilitation and attendant diminished mortality rates as compared with other devices currently used. Although no study can conclusively demonstrate the clear superiority of the slotted Richards screw and Ken-Pugh nail over other forms of sliding fixation, we believe that if the concept of load sharing is valid, this modification is a simple, sensible, and effective addition to most nail plate devices used today.
An integrative analysis of small molecule transcriptional responses in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum

Transcriptional responses to small molecules can provide insights into drug mode of action (MOA). The capacity of the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, to respond specifically to transcriptional perturbations has been unclear based on past approaches. Here, we present the most extensive profiling to date of the parasite’s transcriptional responsiveness to thirty-one chemically and functionally diverse small molecules. We exposed two laboratory strains of the human malaria parasite P. falciparum to brief treatments of thirty-one chemically and functionally diverse small molecules associated with biological effects across multiple pathways based on various levels of evidence. We investigated the impact of chemical composition and MOA on gene expression similarities that arise between perturbations by various compounds. To determine the target biological pathways for each small molecule, we developed a novel framework for encoding small molecule effects on a spectra of biological processes or GO functions that are enriched in the differentially expressed genes of a given small molecule perturbation. We find that small molecules associated with similar transcriptional responses contain similar chemical features, and/ or have a shared MOA. The approach also revealed complex relationships between drugs and biological pathways that are missed by most exisiting approaches. For example, the approach was able to partition small molecule responses into drug-specific effects versus non-specific effects. Our work provides a new framework for linking transcriptional responses to drug MOA in P. falciparum and can be generalized for the same purpose in other organisms.
A tutorial on trained systems: a new generation of data management systems?

A new generation of data processing systems, including web search, Google's Knowledge Graph, IBM's DeepQA, and several different recommendation systems, combine rich databases with software driven by machine learning. The spectacular successes of these trained systems have been among the most notable in all of computing and have generated excitement in health care, finance, energy, and general business. But building them can be challenging even for computer scientists with PhD-level training. This tutorial will describe some of the recent progress on trained systems from both industrial and academic systems. It will also contain a walkthrough of examples of trained systems that are in daily use by scientists in Geoscience, PaleoBiology, and English Literature. Papers, software, virtual machines that contain installations of our software, links to applications that are discussed in this talk, and our list of collaborators are available from our project page. We also have a YouTube channel.
The Evolution of Long-Term Data for Forestry: Large Temperate Research Plots in an Era of Global Change

Abstract When forest ecosystems develop over millennia, trees live five centuries, and mortality unfolds over decades, direct repeated observation (hereafter, longitudinal data) may be the only way to understand the fate of forests. Longitudinal data sets contribute greatly to our understanding, complementing experimental, modeling, and chronosequence approaches. Changing climate is changing forests, perhaps most rapidly through altered mortality regimes, and the elusive nature of integrated mechanistic understanding requires refinements and extensions to historically productive protocols. Changing climate reduces the inferential power of chronosequence techniques and changes model parameterization, and only some of the different factors contributing to tree mortality are expected to respond to climate variability and change. Because annual tree mortality rates are 5% to 1% for trees ≥ 1 cm dbh in young and old forests (respectively), detecting changes in mortality rates requires tracking thousands of tre...
Probable uses of stone projectile points

In recent years there have been some differences of opinion among archaeologists as to the probable use of artifacts shaped like arrowheads but larger than the small so-called “bird points” and ranging in length up to 4 or 5 inches. Some think they are too large and heavy for arrowpoints and must be either knives or spear points. In an attempt to throw some light on this question, tests were made using points varying in weight from that of the smallest “bird points” up to that of spear heads.
Adaptive Geobodies: Data Driven, Interpreter Controlled Geobody Delineation of Channel and Carbonate Features

The accurate extraction of 3D geobodies that represent geological features is a fundamental aspect of seismic interpretation. Currently this can be achieved using volumetric threshold based extraction techniques, or autotracking / region growing from a seed-point and tracked on a threshold limit or range. Advances in colour blending techniques (such as volumetric RGB) have allowed the extraction of geobodies utilising three volume channels. This has enabled greater control over the extraction process but can still be unreliable in the presence of noise or variations in the expression of a geological feature. To address this issue we have developed an innovative technique which allows geobodies to be grown on single or multi attribute data that is many times more reliable than existing geobody delineation methods whilst still being extremely simple to apply. The technique is based on a sophisticated analysis of local data statistics that is robust to changes in expression and noise. This data driven technology is combined with intuitive manual manipulation tools that enables on the fly 3D editing of geobodies in data areas where data driven techniques alone are not sufficient. Confidence values computed at every point on the geobody surface are displayed to provide direct visual feedback to the interpreter on how well the geobody is fitting to the data, which in turn helps the interpreter edit the geobody more accurately. This unique technique (patent pending) has enabled accurate extraction of geobodies in areas where all other commercially available techniques have failed. This includes braided channel systems and interconnected karst systems. In this paper we will present a selection of results from different geological settings which illustrate the interpretive advantage of this technique.
Rediscussion on CT image and clinical therapy of external hydrocephalus

Objective To rediscuss the new recognition on treatment of external hydrocephalus (EH) through the CT scan. Method We collected the intact case histories of 51 cases with EH whose age was from 23 days to 30 months (41 males, 10 females). Through transverse brain scan, when EH was detected, patients were suggested to recheck after 3~5 months so as to contrasted and analyzed the illness state and directed treatment correctly. Results According to the following-up data, out of 51 cases, 23% can absorb spontaneously, while others can not and need calcium supply, puncturing and draining, and anti-inflammatory therapy to relieve symptoms and make recovery. Conclusion Children with EH should be highly noticed and avoid missing the best therapy period.
543 A COMPARISON OF MAJOR HEALTH CONDITIONS IN LOW-INCOME POPULATIONS OF POMONA, CALIFORNIA, AND POST-TSUNAMI POPULATIONS IN SEENEGAMA, SRI LANKA.

Many similarities and differences are present among low-income populations in Pomona, California, as well as post-tsunami populations in Sri Lanka. These populations often live in close proximity to one another and may have a similar lack of access to health care. According to earlier studies, common health problems in low-income populations in the US are skin and respiratory conditions, but it is unclear whether these conditions dominate in post-disaster populations. In July 2005, we collected data from 263 tsunami victims in Sri Lanka and compared the health issues to data taken from 135 patients who attended Pomona Community Health Action Team clinics between September 2003 and January 2004. Diagnoses of the perspective populations were divided by organ system and 12 categories of illnesses. Statistical findings showed that the number of people who have dermatological and respiratory conditions are significantly higher in Sri Lanka than in Pomona. A possible explanation for these findings would be the role of the tropical climate of Sri Lanka. Though it is limited, access to medical care, improved hygienic conditions, and proper housing in Pomona is still considerably higher than in Sri Lanka. These factors could play a role in the health disparities between these two similar communities.
Thrombin-induced increase in surface expression of epitopes on platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex and GMP-140 is a function of platelet age.

Platelets are heterogeneous in the content of membrane glycoprotein (GP)IIb/IIIa complex. To determine whether this heterogeneity is related to changes associated with platelet aging in the circulation, newly released platelets, obtained during recovery from nonimmune- mediated acute experimental thrombocytopenia in baboons, were studied. Monoclonal antibody (MoAb) binding to epitopes expressed on GPIIb/IIIa complex (LJ-CP8), GMP-140 (S12), and GPIa/IIa (12F1) was measured on control platelets (comprising platelets with a normal age distribution; mean age 60 to 72 hours) and newly formed platelets (mean age 12 hours), both in the resting state and after thrombin stimulation. Whereas LJ-CP8 binding to resting control platelets increased by 34% upon stimulation by gamma-thrombin from 30,885 +/- 1,171 to 41,458 +/- 1,311 molecules/platelet at saturating concentrations of antibody, LJ- CP8 binding to resting young platelets did not increase significantly upon thrombin stimulation (31,878 +/- 3,330 and 33,791 +/- 3,486 molecules/platelet, respectively). Similarly, binding of antibody S12 in response to maximal thrombin stimulation was reduced by 42% from 10,246 +/- 834 molecules/platelet at saturating concentrations of S12 for control platelets to 5,971 +/- 665 molecules/platelet for young platelets (P = .001). S12 binding to unstimulated platelets was less than 10% of the binding observed after thrombin stimulation at all concentrations of S12 for both control and young platelets. However, maximal binding of antibody 12F1 to resting control platelets did not differ significantly from that observed with resting young platelets (2,926 +/- 167 and 2,857 +/- 208 molecules/platelet, respectively), and 12F1 binding was unchanged after thrombin stimulation for both control and young platelets. We conclude that the thrombin-induced increase in the expression of epitopes on platelet membrane GPIIb/IIIa complex and GMP-140 is a function of platelet age.
Translation of the Correspondence of Margherita Sarrocchi and Galileo (With Three Related Letters)

Chapter 2 contains the first complete annotated English translations of Margherita Sarrocchi’s seven extant letters to Galileo and Galileo’s one surviving letter to Sarrocchi. Chapter 2 also includes three letters that shed additional light on the epistolary relationship between these two figures and their seventeenth-century context. These are a pair of letters exchanged between Sarrocchi and Guido Bettoli of Perugia regarding the telescopic discoveries described in Galileo’s Sidereus nuncius and a letter from Luca Valerio to Galileo updating him on the status of Sarrocchi’s manuscript—demonstrating that Galileo continued to take an interest in Sarrocchi subsequent to the date of the final letter in their surviving correspondence.
Europe and the World after Brexit

AbstractThe aftermath of Brexit has been contrary to prediction and even to the fears widely voiced on the morning the vote came in. What will happen next depends first on British politics, second on EU law, third on the rapidly evolving geometry of Europe, and finally, on the actions of external powers. The prospect is not good; reform through democratization of the European project remains one frail hope for a better outcome.
Thalidomide As Maintenance Therapy in Multiple Myeloma (MM) Improves Progression Free Survival (PFS) and Overall Survival (OS): A Meta-Analysis

Abstract 1855 Background: Conflicting data regarding the survival benefit of thalidomide maintenance exist in the literature. Recent phase 3 study MMRC.M10 has demonstrated significant toxicity with thalidomide maintenance in combination with steroids. The role of thalidomide maintenance in prolonging PFS and OS is less clear. We conducted a meta-analysis of phase III randomized control trials (RCT) that evaluated thalidomide as maintenance therapy in transplant-eligible patients. Methods: We conducted an electronic literature search of public databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library) and manual search of conference proceedings of ASH and ASCO. There were seven phase III RCTs that reported the maintenance therapy of thalidomide and survival in MM (Total Therapy 2, IFM 99-02, ALLG trial, HOVON 50, MRC IX trial, NCIC CTG MY.10). One study (Abdelkefi et al., 2008) was retracted and hence not included in the analysis. A formal meta-analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta Analysis software (Version 2.0). The outcome data were pooled and reported as hazard ratio (HR). The primary outcome of interest was progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: A total of 3194 patients (maintenance arm/control arm- 1479/1715, median age 58 years) were evaluated. The 3 year-OS ( HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.917, P=0.001) and 3 year-PFS (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.69, P=0.000) were superior with maintenance therapy. ‘Steroid and thalidomide’ maintenance therapy was associated with significant OS and PFS improvement (OS HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.89); PFS (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.67). Overall toxicities with thalidomide maintenance were peripheral neuropathy (PN) 2.184 (95% CI 1.523–3.133) and thromboembolic events (TEE) 1.632 (95% CI 1.076–2.475). Toxicities were increased with thalidomide and steroid maintenance - PN 28.78 (95% CI 1.676–494.13); TEE 2.896 (95% CI 0.76–11.06). Conclusions: Thalidomide as a single agent or in combination with steroids as maintenance therapy improves progression free survival and overall survival. However, high toxicity with steroid combination was observed. Disclosures: Kaufman:Millenium; Onyx; Novartis; Keryx: Consultancy; Merck, Celgene: Research Funding. Lonial:Millennium: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy; Onyx: Consultancy; Merck: Consultancy.
Exceptional zeros of polynomials satisfying a three-term recurrence

Abstract Let P m ( z ) be a sequence of polynomials satisfying the recurrence relation P m ( z ) + B ( z ) P m − 1 ( z ) + A ( z ) P m − 2 ( z ) = 0 . Tran showed that with a suitable initial condition, the zeros of P m ( z ) lie on a fixed explicit curve C on the complex plane. We study a more general initial condition in which we can count the finite number of zeros lying off C .
Ultra-modern thoughts: political theology in Leo Strauss’s Philosophy and Law

ABSTRACTA primary theme in Leo Strauss’s early work is how medieval Jewish and Islamic political philosophy, while influenced by Plato, differs from him in crucial ways. This theme is central to Strauss’s 1935 book Philosophy and Law. Philosophy and Law concerns the medieval ‘philosophic foundation of the law,’ which provides a rational justification of revelation. For Strauss, the foundation provides this justification by virtue of some difference it has from Plato. In this paper, I offer a new interpretation of Strauss’s view of this difference. I suggest that, for Strauss, whereas Plato conceived of the legislator and his legislation, the foundation conceives of the sovereign and his sovereign laws. On this basis, I also suggest a solution to a perennial mystery of Philosophy and Law: Strauss claims that the medieval foundation reveals ‘ultra-modern thoughts,’ yet does not explicitly state the identity of these thoughts. I suggest that their author is Carl Schmitt.
Home Environmental and Behavioral Risk Indices for Reading Achievement.

The goal of this study was to identify home environmental and temperament/behavior variables that best predict standardized reading comprehension scores among school-aged children. Data from 269 children aged 9–16 (M = 12.08; SD = 1.62) were used in discriminant function analyses to create the Home and Behavior indices. Family income was controlled in each index. The final Home and Behavior models each classified around 75% of cases correctly (reading comprehension at grade level vs. not). Each index was then used to predict other outcomes related to reading. Results showed that Home and/or Behavior accounted for 4–7% of the variance in reading fluency and spelling and 20–35% of the variance in parent-rated problems in math, social anxiety, and other dimensions. These metrics show promise as environmental and temperament/behavior risk scores that could be used to predict and potentially screen for further assessment of reading related problems.
Utilizing TedTalk style presentations to engage students

BRIEF SESSION DESCRIPTION: Learn how to help students develop TedTalk style presentations. ________________________________________________________________ FULL ABSTRACT: This presentation will go over how we coach students to develop TedTalk style presentations including developing a storyboard. It will also highlight lessons learned from the professor. We will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using this teaching technique along with the techniques to assist in this developmental process. Examples will be shown of student presentations.
Regulation of Bone Metabolism by Sex Steroids

Osteoporosis is a significant public health problem, and a major cause of the disease is estrogen deficiency following menopause in women. In addition, considerable evidence now shows that estrogen is also a major regulator of bone metabolism in men. Since the original description of the effects of estrogen deficiency on bone by Fuller Albright more than 70 years ago, there has been enormous progress in understanding the mechanisms of estrogen and testosterone action on bone using human and mouse models. Although we understand more about the effects of estrogen on bone as compared with testosterone, both sex steroids do play important roles, perhaps in a somewhat compartment-specific (i.e., cancellous vs. cortical bone) manner. This review summarizes our current knowledge of sex steroid action on bone based on human and mouse studies, identifies both agreements and potential discrepancies between these studies, and suggests directions for future research in this important area.
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis: Brainstem and Cerebellar Presentation

ADEM is a treatable disease, but delay in treatment may cause complications such as axonal loss and further progression of disease, which can be catastrophic, particularly if lesions involve crucial locations such as the brainstem. It is important to recognize that ADEM can present predominantly with brainstem and cerebellar lesions.
Laparoscopic repair of traumatic flank hernias

Traumatic flank hernias (TFH) are caused by a blunt abdominal trauma with resultant detachment of the oblique musculofascial complex at the iliac crest and/or costal margin. Given such proximity to the bony structures and essential absence of healthy fascia to anchor the mesh, TFH represent a challenging surgical problem. Although laparoscopic repair of ventral hernias has become very common, no series of laparoscopic repairs of TFH has been reported to date. We present a series of patients undergoing laparoscopic repair of TFH. After retrospective review of prospective hernia database at two Hernia centers, patients undergoing laparoscopic TFH repair were identified and analyzed. Main outcome measures included patient demographics, surgical technique, intraoperative data, and post-operative outcomes. From December 2007 to December 2013, 14 patients underwent laparoscopic repair of a TFH. Eleven patients had chronically incarcerated viscera within the defect. Operative steps included complete reduction of the hernia sac, pre/retroperitoneal dissection to expose the entire lateral edge of a psoas muscle, defect closure with transabdominal sutures, wide mesh overlap, and transabdominal suture fixation with selective use of bone anchors. The mean operative time was 174 min (range 125–230). Mean estimated blood loss was 65 cc. Mean mesh size was 295 cm2. There were no peri-operative complications. Mean hospital stay was 3.1 days and all patients returned to full activities by 6 weeks. At a mean follow-up of 35 months, there have been no recurrences. Laparoscopic approach to TFH is feasible and safe. It is associated with minimal hospital stay and fast functional recovery. The key components of our approach include wide pre/retroperitoneal with defect closure and subsequent wide mesh underlay coverage with fixation to bony structures using anchors/screws. We believe that the laparoscopic approach should safely considered for the majority of patients with TFH.
Performance and media: taxonomies for a changing field

With an ever-proliferating number of performance practices taking place at the intersections of media, technology, and theatre, how can we, as performance scholars, think and write about them? How ...
Hormonal Cytopathology of the Vagina

Evaluation of the hormonal status of women by the use of vaginal smears remains one of the most practical, reliable, and economical tests available. Pouchet1 in 1847 was the first to correlate the cyclic changes in human and animal ovaries and the cyclic changes in cellular material of unstained vaginal secretions. Stockard and Papanicolaou2 reported the examination of the vaginal fluid and its cellular component in the guinea pig. Later Papanicolaou3–5 and others6–10 have made significant contributions to the understanding of the clinical uses of hormonal vaginal cytology. Understanding the advantages and limitations of the hormonal assessment by means of vaginal cellular responses helps show that the study of vaginal cytology can be of optimal clinical value. This chapter reviews the hormonal patterns of cellular response under various physiologic and pathologic conditions.
Equilibrium and Stress: Balancing One Marriage, a “Two-Body Problem,” and Three Children

“Having it all” is a phrase often used by working mothers to mean they have a career and a family – and have never had to sacrifice one for the other. I’ve come to learn that chasing this elusive state of ‘having it all,’ is pure folly and creates unrealistic pressures and stress for women and their families. Le Chatelier's Principle explains how a system at equilibrium responds to stress. As one-half of a two-chemist marriage that has faced the challenge of simultaneously solving the two-body problem (and done so successfully 4 times!), our system (which includes three children) is constantly “under stress.” This chapter discusses creative solutions and workplace policies that have benefited us as we sought to “remove the stress” and achieve a balance between our professional and personal lives, particularly as parents.
A Launch Operations and Capacity Model of the U.S. Eastern Range

This paper describes the methodology used to create a computer model for examining current and future launch operations of the U.S. Eastern Range. It also explains the results produced by running multiple simulations with the model. Space launch, like all other modes of transportation, is valuable to a broad spectrum of users and serves the interests of civil, commercial, and national security communities. As spaceport traffic increases, estimating launch capacity and determining a proper pace of operations become critical issues for both launch program planners and range operators. An expanding launch market with increasing priorities on the cost of space access has created a greater demand for lean operations of launch-support facilities. The Eastern Range of the United States is the busiest launch facility in the world and supports a host of launch vehicles with varied characteristics. The modeling approach utilized the field of System Dynamics to incorporate physical constraints, personnel limitations, program requirements, projected conditions, and various other factors that impact launch operations. Although the modeling effort concentrated on a specific launch range, its general cause and effect relationships could be reapplied to any launch facility. Such a model is a useful tool for better understanding and recognizing the interactions among multiple launch programs utilizing resources of a common facility. It can also be used to simulate scenarios of future operating environments and policies to aid in the upgrading or planning of new launch facilities.
Impact of Biosolids on Indigenous Soil Denitrifying Bacteria

AbstractA major drawback to land application of biosolids is the potential environmental release of nonregulated organic contaminants that accumulate in the biosolids during the wastewater treatmen...
Adverse Childhood Experiences Run Deep: Toxic Early Life Stress, Telomeres, and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number, the Biological Markers of Cumulative Stress

This manuscript reviews recent evidence supporting the utility of telomeres and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) in detecting the biological impacts of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and outlines mechanisms that may mediate the connection between early stress and poor physical and mental health. Critical to interrupting the health sequelae of ACEs such as abuse, neglect, and neighborhood disorder, is the discovery of biomarkers of risk and resilience. The molecular markers of chronic stress exposure, telomere length and mtDNAcn, represent critical biological links between ACEs and poor health outcomes. We examine how telomeres and mtDNAcn may exacerbate health disparities and contribute to the intergenerational transmission of trauma. Finally, we explore how these molecular markers of early stress exposure may help define the role of resilience and develop effective interventions to moderate ACE health risk impact.
Drug residues in poultry meat: A literature review of commonly used veterinary antibacterials and anthelmintics used in poultry

Poultry meat is widely consumed throughout the world and production practices often include the administration of pharmaceutical products. When appropriate, extra-label drug use of medications is necessary, but scientifically derived drug withdrawal intervals must be observed so that poultry meat is not contaminated with drug residues which could pose health risks to consumers. Over the past decade, there has been increased advocacy for judicious use of antimicrobial drugs for treating food animals. Judicious use of medications is commonly referred to as practices that reduce antibiotic resistance, but also includes residue avoidance. In that light, many investigators have performed scientific studies and have published estimated pharmacokinetic parameters for veterinary medications used in commercial avian species. This manuscript is a review of medication classes that have been studied in poultry (mostly chickens) with an emphasis on drug residue depletion in poultry meat.
Stratified citizenship, stratified health: Examining latinx legal status in the U.S. healthcare safety net.

Abstract Our paper explores how legal status stratification shapes the health and health care of low-income patients with chronic illnesses in the U.S. healthcare safety net. Drawing on data from over two years of ethnographic fieldwork at urban safety-net clinics, we examine efforts by Complex Care Management (CCM) teams to stabilize patients with uncontrolled chronic illnesses through primary care-integrated support. We show that stratified citizenship and geographic variability correspond to different possibilities for health care. We suggest an approach to immigration as a structural determinant of health that accounts for the complex, stratified, and changing nature of citizenship status. We also highlight how geographical differences and interactions among local, state, and federal policies support the notion that citizenship is stratified across multiple tiers with distinctive possibilities and constraints for health. While county-based health plans at each of the study sites include residents with varying legal status, lack of formal legal status remains a substantial obstacle to care. Many immigrants are unable to take full advantage of primary and specialty care, resulting in unnecessary morbidity and mortality. In some cases, patients have returned to their country of origin to die. While CCM teams provide an impressive level of support to assist immigrant patients in navigating healthcare and immigration bureaucracies, legal and geographic stratification limit their ability to address broader aspects of these patients’ social context.
Real-time Control of Maintenance on Deteriorating Manufacturing System

In modern manufacturing systems, maintenance operations are the key to improve machines' reliability and availability, and hence to improve system productivity and quality. Maintenance can be roughly categorized to Corrective Maintenance (CM) and Preventive Maintenance (PM). Since the production system is highly stochastic and maintenance actions could either be perfect or imperfect, it is a complex decision to make on when, where, and which type of maintenance action should be taken. In this paper, a maintenance control law is proposed to schedule cost-effective maintenance, either CM or PM, in a real-time fashion. The control cost consists of a resource cost, and the immediate and potential production losses due to the stoppage caused by the maintenance action. A data-driven model is used to evaluate the production losses. A case study is performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method by comparing three different maintenance policies.
MIMO System Identification for Large Power Systems Preserving Dominant Oscillatory Dynamics

This paper describes a general multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system identification approach for large scale realistic power systems. Low level probing is performed in time domain simulation to generate the input and output data, which is used to identify a low order MIMO model with a subspace method. The data can also be field measurements from low level probing on real power systems. The identified low order MIMO model preserves dominant oscillatory dynamics of the original system while taking the selection of inputs and outputs into consideration; thus it can potentially be used for designing a central oscillation damping controller. This paper illustrates the procedure and techniques to identify and validate the MIMO model. We apply the proposed approach to interarea oscillations but the framework can also be generalized for local oscillations. The approach is applied and validated on a 9-bus test system as well as on a 20,289-bus practical power system. The consistent dynamic performance between the original system and the identified low order MIMO model shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Risk factors for venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with hematological malignancy: an analysis of the National Inpatient Sample, 2011-2015.

Hospitalized patients with hematological malignancy (HM) suffer an increased incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE). We sought to identify risk factors and rate of VTE in hospitalized patients w...
Deficiency of Superoxide Dismutase Impairs Generation of Activated Protein C and Enhances Susceptibility to Experimental Thrombosis in Mice

Abstract Abstract 535 In vitro studies have suggested that reactive oxygen species such as superoxide can produce several potentially prothrombotic effects, including enhanced platelet activation, increased tissue factor (TF) expression, and an oxidative modification in thrombomodulin that impairs its capacity to enhance the generation of activated protein C (APC) by thrombin. It is not known, however, if elevated levels of superoxide accelerate susceptibility to experimental thrombosis in vivo. Using a murine model that is genetically deficient in superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1, an antioxidant enzyme that dismutates superoxide to hydrogen peroxide), we tested the hypothesis that lack of superoxide dismutase enhances susceptibility to thrombosis. Additionally, we investigated the mechanisms of superoxide-enhanced thrombosis. First, we examined the susceptibility to carotid artery thrombosis in a photochemical injury model. We found that Sod1−/− mice formed stable occlusions significantly faster than Sod1+/+ or Sod1+/− mice (P Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Technical Note: Film-based measurement of gold nanoparticle dose enhancement for 192 Ir

PURPOSE The purpose of this work is to introduce a simple yet accurate technique to measure the dose enhancement factor (DEF) of a citrate-capped gold nanoparticle (GNP) solution using EBT3 film in an 192 Ir setup. METHODS Dose enhancement factor is the ratio of absorbed dose in a solution compared to absorbed dose in water, assuming identical irradiation parameters. Citrate-capped GNPs were synthesized. An acrylic apparatus was constructed such that the EBT3 film was placed in charged particle equilibrium within the GNP solution with 0.28%, 0.56%, and 0.77% gold by mass. Sets of 12 dose measurements were collected for each GNP concentration as well as for water. The expected value of DEF was also calculated with the effective mass absorption coefficient of the GNP solution and water for an 192 Ir spectrum. Furthermore, Burlin cavity correction factors were calculated and experimentally verified. Experimental verification of the cavity correction was performed by measuring DEF using stacks of 1, 3, and 5 sheets of film and extrapolating the DEF to 0 sheets of film. RESULTS Experimental cavity corrections agreed with those calculated with the Burlin cavity formalism. The calculated DEF was 1.013, 1.027, and 1.037 for the 0.28%, 0.56%, and 0.77% gold by mass GNP solutions, respectively. The corresponding uncorrected DEF measurement values were 1.013 ± 0.006, 1.024 ± 0.010, and 1.032 ± 0.006, respectively. When applying the Burlin cavity formalism, the final corrected DEF measurement values were 1.016 ± 0.006, 1.029 ± 0.010, and 1.039 ± 0.006, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The experimental cavity correction results agreed with the theoretical Burlin calculations, which allowed for the Burlin corrections to be performed for all GNP concentrations and measured DEF values. The adjusted DEF values agreed with the theoretical calculations. Thus, these results indicate that a Burlin cavity calculation can be applied to correct film-based DEF measurements for 192 Ir.
7.2-kV/60-A Austin SuperMOS: An Intelligent Medium-Voltage SiC Power Switch

In order to enable medium-voltage applications at an operation voltage of 5-kV level, a novel 7.2-kV/60-A Austin SuperMOS SiC power switch is developed. Static and dynamic performances are characterized at various voltage and current levels. The device exhibits excellent dynamic performance with a high dV / dt up to 122 V/ns during the turn-off. The output charge of the Austin SuperMOS is also measured to enable accurate dynamic loss estimation. A unique automatic gate turn-on mechanism is identified, which facilitates a substantial reduction of the third quadrant conduction loss during the deadtime in converter operations. A high-voltage isolated power supply with low coupling capacitance and an optically triggered intelligent gate driver circuit with protection functions are integrated into the medium-voltage power switch, enabling safe and reliable medium-voltage operations of the Austin SuperMOS.
From Old-Growth Forests to Old-Growth Grasslands: Managing Rangelands for Structure and Function

This article considers the similarities and differences between public forest management and public rangeland management. The latter should adopt many of the former’s recent reforms. It Explores the transformation of public forest management from a focus on timber production to a recognition of ecological and social functions, the ecological and social functions of rangelands and the ways in which those functions can be disrupted by domestic livestock grazing, the prevalent methods used by the U.S. Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management to evaluate rangeland conditions and grazing’s impact on those conditions, and finally how modern developments in public forest management can be used as a model for a transformed approach to rangeland management based on ecological and social functions rather than merely on livestock production. While these changes in rangeland management carry consequences, the consequences in forestry management were far greater and yet the result has been positive. The understandable desire to preserve a relatively small number of ranching jobs should not prevent management of rangelands in a manner that restores and maintains their structure and function, just as the desire to preserve a much larger number of timber jobs has not prevented a transformation in the management of our forests.
The Relationship between Job Quality and Crime: Examining Heterogeneity in Treatment and Treatment Effect:

Objectives:This study evaluates the relationship between employment and crime through a holistic evaluation of both treatment and treatment effect heterogeneity.Methods:This study implements a perc...
A Bidirectional Cerebrovascular Reactivity to CO2 in Premature Infants

Background: Premature infants with respiratory distress are at increased risk for CO2 fluctuations. The subsequent changes in cerebral blood flow and cerebral vasoreactivity have not been studied. Objective: To examine CO2 cerebral vasoreactivity in a cohort of premature infants and identify factors that influence this reactivity. Design/Methods: We prospectively studied a cohort of premature infants (BW < 1500 grams and GA ≤34 weeks). Each subject underwent 2 studies, one in the first 72 hours and the second …