cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Live imaging reveals distinct modes of neutrophil and macrophage migration within interstitial tissues

ABSTRACT Cell motility is required for diverse processes during immunity and inflammation. Classically, leukocyte motility is defined as an amoeboid type of migration, however some leukocytes, like macrophages, also employ a more mesenchymal mode of migration. Here, we sought to characterize the mechanisms that regulate neutrophil and macrophage migration in vivo by using real-time imaging of leukocyte motility within interstitial tissues in zebrafish larvae. Neutrophils displayed a rounded morphology and rapid protease-independent motility, lacked defined paxillin puncta, and had persistent rearward polarization of stable F-actin and the microtubule network. By contrast, macrophages displayed an elongated morphology with reduced speed and increased directional persistence and formed paxillin-containing puncta but had a less-defined polarization of the microtubule and actin networks. We also observed differential effects of protease inhibition, microtubule disruption and ROCK inhibition on the efficiency of neutrophil and macrophage motility. Taken together, our findings suggest that larval zebrafish neutrophils and macrophage display distinct modes of migration within interstitial tissues in vivo .
Barrierless Reactions with Loose Transition States Govern the Yields and Lifetimes of Organic Nitrates Derived from Isoprene

The chemical reaction mechanism of NO addition to two β and δ isoprene hydroxy–peroxy radical isomers is examined in detail using density functional theory, coupled cluster methods, and the energy resolved master equation formalism to provide estimates of rate constants and organic nitrate yields. At the M06-2x/aug-cc-pVTZ level, the potential energy surfaces of NO reacting with β-(1,2)-HO-IsopOO• and δ-Z-(1,4)-HO-IsopOO• possess barrierless reactions that produce alkoxy radicals/NO2 and organic nitrates. The nudged elastic band method was used to discover a loosely bound van der Waals (vdW) complex between NO2 and the alkoxy radical that is present in both exit reaction channels. Semiempirical master equation calculations show that the β organic nitrate yield is 8.5 ± 3.7%. Additionally, a relatively low barrier to C–C bond scission was discovered in the β-vdW complex that leads to direct HONO formation in the gas phase with a yield of 3.1 ± 1.3%. The δ isomer produces a looser vdW complex with a smaller...
Specialization in the Computer Press

The 1980s are shaping up as the age of specialization in the computer press. The old adage about a specialist being a person who knows more and more about less and less is beginning to apply to many periodicals that cover some aspect of the computer industry.
High dispersions of carbon nanotubes on cotton-cellulose benzoate fibers with enhanced electrochemical generation of reactive oxygen species in water

Abstract Herein, we report a novel benzoylated-cotton and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (BC-MWCNT) composite that exhibits efficient electrocatalytic properties to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in water. The BC-MWCNT was deposited on a fluoride-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode to probe its electrochemical properties. The ROS produced through this approach were exploited towards the degradation of Methyl Orange (MO) dye. The BC-MWCNT electrode produced ROS at a −1.0 V potential, as indicated by the electrochemical degradation of MO dye solutions by 96% at pH 7.4 in 60 min. Experiments performed by varying the pH and electrolyte concentrations produced dramatic changes in the kinetics of the reaction, increasing degradation to 100% and shortening reaction time to 4 min with optimal conditions at pH 3.
Wait of a Decade: Did SPEC CPU 2017 Broaden the Performance Horizon?

The recently released SPEC CPU2017 benchmark suite has already started receiving a lot of attention from both industry and academic communities. However, due to the significantly high size and complexity of the benchmarks, simulating all the CPU2017 benchmarks for design trade-off evaluation is likely to become extremely difficult. Simulating a randomly selected subset, or a random input set, may result in misleading conclusions. This paper analyzes the SPEC CPU2017 benchmarks using performance counter based experimentation from seven commercial systems, and uses statistical techniques such as principal component analysis and clustering to identify similarities among benchmarks. Such analysis can reveal benchmark redundancies and identify subsets for researchers who cannot use all benchmarks in pre-silicon design trade-off evaluations. Many of the SPEC CPU2006 benchmarks have been replaced with larger and complex workloads in the SPEC CPU2017 suite. However, compared to CPU2006, it is unknown whether SPEC CPU2017 benchmarks have different performance demands or whether they stress machines differently. Additionally, to evaluate the balance of CPU2017 benchmarks, we analyze the performance characteristics of CPU2017 workloads and compare them with emerging database, graph analytics and electronic design automation (EDA) workloads. This paper provides the first detailed analysis of SPEC CPU2017 benchmark suite for the architecture community.
The Patient's Voice in Medical Education: The Family Centered Experience Program.

Pairing medical students with chronically ill community volunteers for 2 years helps those students gain appreciation for the experience of illness, develop self-reflection and perspective-taking, and learn to communicate with people who may be quite unlike them. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Fault Isolation and Diagnosis of High Pressure Fuel Pump Solenoid Valves Using Current Feedback

Spark Ignition Direct Injection (SIDI) technology enables better fuel economy and tail pipe emissions in vehicles equipped with gasoline engines. The SIDI technology relies on the system's ability to deliver fuel at high pressures. Reliable performance of the high pressure fuel pump is vital as it directly relates to the operability of the vehicle, and customer satisfaction in case of failure. It, therefore, becomes very important to devise a scheme that can effectively diagnose and prognose faults of such a component. In this report, algorithm development for diagnosis and prognosis of high pressure fuel pump solenoid valve is presented. The solenoid valve is the only electronically controlled actuator in a high pressure fuel pump, and is responsible for trapping the correct amount of fuel into the pumping chamber by closing at the right time in response to a commanded signal issued by the engine control module. We employ current feedback of the solenoid valve to generate schemes for fault detection, fault isolation, and fault prediction. Results are presented from real vehicle test data that allow the development of a fault isolation and prognosis scheme for high pressure fuel pump solenoid valve.
The Legacy of President Obama in the U.S. Supreme Court

Isaac Unah and Ryan Williams evaluate the Obama administration and its relations with the US Supreme Court. With the advice and consent of the US Senate, President Obama appointed two justices for the Supreme Court and several lower federal court judges. This chapter examined Obama’s legacy in the Supreme Court and the critical cases (e.g., campaign finance, health care, voting rights, same-sex marriage) that faced the Roberts Court. They argue that Obama’s presidency was transformative for the institution and politics of the Court. President Obama experienced both successes and failures in attempting to shape the Court in his own image, but he largely succeeded in using the Supreme Court to secure some of his biggest victories as president. At the end of the tenure, Obama was only partially successful in slowing down the aggressive rightward shift of the Court. Obama’s two relatively liberal/progressive-minded appointees, Justices Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan are a counterweight to the current Court’s conservative majority. With the help of Sotomayor and Kagan, the liberal minority has slowed the Court from moving dramatically to the Right. The chapter makes that conclusion after examining the voting behavior of the Obama appointed justices compared to the justices they replaced on the Bench.
COMPARING THE GENERAL HEALTH, LIFE EXPECTANCY AND HAPPINESS OF MOTHERS OF AUTISTIC CHILDREN WITH MOTHERS OF NORMAL CHILDREN

This study compares life expectancy, public health and happiness of mothers of normal students with mothers of autistic children. Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder that is yet unknown as most serious and most childhood disorders. As long the incidence of autism is increasing, the focusing on the needs and experiences of parents is urgent. This study compared general health, happiness and hope to the lives of mothers of children normal with mothers of autistic children. Participants in the study were mothers of autistic and normal school students in Mazandaran Province, Iran. 112 mothers were selected through cloning method. Miller hopes questionnaire, a questionnaire with 28 questions GHO, Oxford Happiness Questionnaire used as research tools for statistical analysis of data, descriptive statistics (such as frequency tables, charts, etc.) and inferential statistics, independent t-test to compare two groups were used. The results showed that hope, health and happiness of mothers of autistic and normal students the difference was significant. The results showed that students' disabilities and autism has negative effects on their mothers' general health, hope, and happiness. Article visualizations:
National Imaging and Antibiotic Practice Patterns in Children Presenting With Urinary Tract Infection to Community Practices: Little Impact From the American Academy of Pediatrics Guidelines?

Our objective was to use community-based, national databases to evaluate diagnostic imaging and antibiotic prophylaxis practice patterns before and after the release of the 2011 American Academy of...
Terahertz characterization of electronic components and comparison of terahertz imaging with x-ray imaging techniques

THz radiation is capable of penetrating most of nonmetallic materials and allows THz spectroscopy to be used to image the interior structures and constituent materials of wide variety of objects including Integrated circuits (ICs). The fact that many materials in THz spectral region have unique spectral fingerprints provides an authentication platform to distinguish between authentic and counterfeit electronic components. Counterfeit and authentic ICs are investigated using a high-speed terahertz spectrometer with laser pulse duration of 90 fs and repetition rate of 250 MHz with spectral range up to 3 THz. Time delays, refractive indices and absorption characteristics are extracted to distinguish between authentic and counterfeit parts. Spot measurements are used to develop THz imaging techniques. In this work it was observed that the packaging of counterfeit ICs, compared to their authentic counterparts, are not made from homogeneous materials. Moreover, THz techniques were used to observe different layers of the electronic components to inspect die and lead geometries. Considerable differences between the geometries of the dies/leads of the counterfeit ICs and their authentic counterparts were observed. Observing the different layers made it possible to distinguish blacktopped counterfeit ICs precisely. According to the best knowledge of authors the reported THz inspection techniques in this paper are reported for the first time for authentication of electronic components. Wide varieties of techniques such as X-ray tomography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and optical inspections using a high resolution microscope have also been being employed for detection of counterfeit ICs. In this paper, the achieved data from THz material inspections/ THz imaging are compared to the obtained results from other techniques to show excellent correlation. Compared to other techniques, THz inspection techniques have the privilege to be nondestructive, nonhazardous, less human dependent and fast.
The impact of belatacept on third-party HLA alloantibodies in highly sensitized kidney transplant recipients.

Recent evidence suggests that belatacept reduces the durability of preexisting antibodies to class I and class II human leukocyte antigens (HLAs). In this case series of 163 highly sensitized kidney transplant candidates whose calculated panel-reactive antibody (cPRA) activity was ≥98% to 100%, the impact of belatacept on preexisting HLA antibodies was assessed. Of the 163 candidates, 72 underwent transplantation between December 4, 2014 and April 15, 2017; 60 of these transplanted patients remained on belatacept consecutively for at least 6 months. We observed a decrease in the breadth and/or strength of HLA class I antibodies as assessed by FlowPRA in belatacept-treated patients compared to controls who did not receive belatacept. Specifically, significant HLA antibody reduction was evident for class I (P < .0009). Posttransplant belatacept-treated patients also had a clinically significant reduction in their cPRA compared to controls (P < .01). Collectively, these findings suggest belatacept can reduce HLA class I antibodies in a significant proportion of highly sensitized recipients and could be an option to improve pretransplant compatibility with organ donors.
Proteomic changes in bacteria caused by exposure to environmental conditions can be detected by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization – Time of Flight (MALDI-ToF) Mass Spectrometry

In the past decade, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry (MS) has become a timely and cost-effective alternative to bacterial identification. The MALDI-ToF MS technique analyzes the total protein of culturable microorganisms at the species level and produces a mass spectra based on peptides which is compared to a database of identified profiles. Consequently, unique signatures of each microorganism are produced allowing identification at the species and, more importantly, strain level. Our present study proposes that the MALDI-ToF MS can be further used to screen functional and metabolic differences. While other studies applied the MALDI-ToF technique to identify subgroups within species, we investigated how various environmental factors could alter the unique bacterial signatures. We found that genetic and phenotypic differences between microorganisms belonging to the same species can be reflected in peptide-mass fingerprints generated by MALDI-ToF MS. These results suggest that MALDI-ToF MS can screen intra-species phenotypic differences of several microorganisms.
Response to: ‘Effectiveness and safety of ruxolitinib for the treatment of refractory systemic idiopathic juvenile arthritis like associated with interstitial lung disease: case report’ by Bader-Meunier et al

We were very interested to read the correspondence from Dr Bader-Meunier and colleagues, who report a case of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) with associated lung disease.1 This case indeed matches the description of and provides further evidence for the striking and unusual clinical characteristics we recently detailed in an international case series of such patients.2 We thank the authors for this communication. One aspect of particular importance in the reported case is the development of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DReSS), a delayed hypersensitivity reaction, to canakinumab (monoclonal antibody to interleukin (IL)-1β). As we noted, DReSS is a possibly under-recognised event preceding the clinical recognition or development of this lung disorder in at least a subset of patients. …
Dietary supplemental microalgal astaxanthin modulates molecular profiles of stress, inflammation, and lipid metabolism in broiler chickens and laying hens under high ambient temperatures.

This research was to determine effects of supplemental dietary microalgal astaxanthin (AST) on hepatic gene expression and protein production of redox enzymes, heat shock proteins (HSPs), cytokines, and lipid metabolism in broilers (BR) and laying hens (LH) under high ambient temperatures. A total of 240 (day old) Cornish male BR and 50 (19 wk old) White Leghorn Shavers LH were allotted in 5 dietary treatments with 6 and 10 cages/treatment (8 BR or 1 LH/cage), respectively. The birds were fed corn-soybean meal basal diets supplemented with microalgal (Haematococcus pluvialis) AST at 0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg diet for 6 wk. Supplemental AST to the BR diet linearly decreased (P < 0.10, R2 = 0.18-0.36) hepatic mRNA levels of several redox status-controlling genes, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSTF1), c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1), tumor necrosis factor-α, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1). The supplementation linearly elevated (P = 0.04, R2 = 0.20) diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) mRNA level and produced quadratic changes (P < 0.10, R2 = 0.15-0.47) in mRNA levels of glutathione S-transferase (GST), serine/threonine kinase (AKT1), P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38MAKP), lipid metabolism-controlling genes, and the protein production of HSP90 and P38MAPK in the liver. Supplementing AST to the LH diets linearly decreased (P < 0.10, R2 = 0.18-0.56) mRNA levels of GST, HSF1, JNK1, and interleukin 10; lipogenesis genes; and JNK1 protein production. However, supplemental dietary AST produced quadratic changes (P < 0.10, R2 = 0.26-0.72) in mRNA levels of most antioxidant-, stress-responsive, and lipid metabolism-related genes in the liver of LH. In conclusion, supplemental dietary AST affected the hepatic gene expression and protein production related to redox status, heat stress and inflammation, and lipid metabolism in both BR and LH. The impacts varied with the chicken type and demonstrated linear and quadratic regressions with the inclusion levels of AST.
Effect of Seed Meals on Weed Control and Soil Physical Properties in Direct-Seeded Pumpkin

Mustard (Brassica sp.) seed meal (MSM) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seed meal (SSM) are the byproducts of the seed oil extraction process. They release biologically active allelochemicals that can provide a resource for supplemental nutrients and weed suppression in vegetable cropping systems. Our field experiment aimed to assess the phytotoxic impact of MSM and SSM on weeds and seedling establishment of direct-seeded pumpkin under semi-arid conditions and to study the impact of MSM and SSM on soil physical properties and soil water retention characteristics. The meals were incorporated into the soil 2 weeks before pumpkin planting at two rates (1150 and 2250 kg ha−1). MSM at both rates reduced early season grass and broadleaf weeds by 75 to 82% and 69 to 76%, respectively, as compared to the untreated control. However, SSM at both rates provided 59 to 65% and 54 to 59% controls of narrow and broadleaf weeds, respectively. Both MSM and SSM provided significantly better weed control and pumpkin yield as compared to the untreated control, but higher pumpkin yield was recorded with a lower rate of MSM. In addition, soils amended by both the seed meals had higher saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil water content, and lower bulk density than the untreated control. Overall, our findings suggest that the use of both MSM and SSM as an organic adjuvant is effective in controlling weeds and improving soil physical properties; however, additional research is required to further evaluate these findings and improve the reliability of MSM and SSM for weed suppression following application to agricultural soils.
Tumor DNA as a Cancer Biomarker through the Lens of Colorectal Neoplasia.

Biomarkers have a wide range of applications in the clinical management of cancer, including screening and therapeutic management. Tumor DNA released from neoplastic cells has become a particularly active area of cancer biomarker development due to the critical role somatic alterations play in the pathophysiology of cancer and the ability to assess released tumor DNA in accessible clinical samples, in particular blood (i.e., liquid biopsy). Many of the early applications of tumor DNA as a biomarker were pioneered in colorectal cancer due to its well-defined genetics and common occurrence, the effectiveness of early detection, and the availability of effective therapeutic options. Herein, in the context of colorectal cancer, we describe how the intended clinical application dictates desired biomarker test performance, how features of tumor DNA provide unique challenges and opportunities for biomarker development, and conclude with specific examples of clinical application of tumor DNA as a biomarker with particular emphasis on early detection.See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, "NCI Early Detection Research Network: Making Cancer Detection Possible."
Shaping and Reshaping English Knowledge and Praxis through Students' Voices and Experiences.

Knowledge and practice refuse to be disconnected from contexts. They always already occupy historical spaces both cultural and personal. Those spaces intersect with lines of inquiry. This essay tak...
One versus Many: Polymicrobial Communities and the Cystic Fibrosis Airway.

ABSTRACT Culture-independent studies have revealed that chronic lung infections in persons with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) are rarely limited to one microbial species. Interactions among bacterial members of these polymicrobial communities in the airways of pwCF have been reported to modulate clinically relevant phenotypes. Furthermore, it is clear that a single polymicrobial community in the context of CF airway infections cannot explain the diversity of clinical outcomes. While large 16S rRNA gene-based studies have allowed us to gain insight into the microbial composition and predicted functional capacities of communities found in the CF lung, here we argue that in silico approaches can help build clinically relevant in vitro models of polymicrobial communities that can in turn be used to experimentally test and validate computationally generated hypotheses. Furthermore, we posit that combining computational and experimental approaches will enhance our understanding of mechanisms that drive microbial community function and identify new therapeutics to target polymicrobial infections.
Implementation of pharmacist targeted discharge prescription review in an emergency department

Abstract Background/Purpose Little data has been published regarding emergency medicine pharmacist (EMP) review of discharge prescriptions. An internal retrospective review of a limited sample size of emergency department (ED) discharge prescriptions demonstrated a 13.6% potential intervention rate by EMPs. With this information, it was postulated that EMPs could provide a valuable service via a process of targeted review of ED discharge prescriptions that would yield intervention rates higher than the internal audit. The aim of this project was therefore to develop a real-time notification system within the electronic health record (EHR) for targeted discharge prescription review, to establish an associated EMP workflow, and to evaluate the intervention rate achieved through targeted discharge prescription review. Methods This was a single-center, retrospective review of the implementation of a new pharmacist-driven clinical service over a 12 week period from February 19th, 2018 to May 14th, 2018. Criteria for prescription review were determined after an internal audit by the EMPs and included an assessment of established high-alert medications. Discharge prescriptions that met the inclusion criteria were filtered into a real-time work queue in the EHR for EMP review. When necessary, EMPs discussed recommendations with prescribers, or adjusted prescriptions according to institutional pharmacist privileges. Interventions were reviewed and categorized to assess rate of intervention and the types of medication-related problems (MRPs) identified. Results EMPs reviewed 378 discharge prescriptions and a total of 158 prescriptions were identified as having at least one MRP. Of these, 70 prescriptions were intervened upon thereby resulting in an 18.5% intervention rate. The most common interventions included a change in the dose/frequency, duration/refills of the medication, and patient education. The highest number of interventions were made for anticoagulant and antiinfective agents. Conclusion Utilization of a real-time notification system for prospective ED discharge prescription review is feasible. Using targeted criteria for review, pharmacists intervened on 18.5% of prescriptions reviewed. Prospective discharge prescription review by EMPs using a real-time notification system within the electronic health record identified opportunities for the pharmacist to ensure safe and optimal prescribing.
Approaching invisible illness

Anyone who has an invisible illness: Emily Abel sees you. Abel knows the dual anguish of suffering from an invisible illness and of responding to people who fail to fully recognize this suffering. For decades, she experienced persistent fatigue and intense shame about it. In Sick and Tired, Abel comes to terms with this shame through a personal history of "cultural values" in modern white America.
Drinking to Fit in: The Effects of Drinking Motives and Self-Esteem on Alcohol Use among Female College Students.

Over the past two decades, rates of alcohol use among female students have risen to meet or even surpass those seen among males. Yet, little is known about factors that play a role in the relationship between drinking motives and alcohol consumption for female college students. The present study examines self-esteem as a moderator in the association between categories of drinking motives and alcohol use in a sample of female college students. Participants included 196 female undergraduates who reported drinking alcohol at least once in the preceding month (Mage= 19.5 years, 88.8% White) at a northeastern public university. Participants completed an online questionnaire assessing self-esteem, drinking motives, and past month alcohol use. Self-esteem was significantly negatively correlated with coping (r=-.40, p<.001) and conformity motives (r=-.22, p=.002) but not enhancement or social motives. Main effects predicting alcohol use were detected for enhancement (b = 1.49, p<.001), coping (b = 1.73, p<.001), and social motives (b = 1.34, p<.001), but not conformity motives or self-esteem. The interaction of conformity motives and self-esteem was significant (b=-0.17, p=.04). Simple slopes analyses revealed that conformity motives were significantly positively related to alcohol consumption for at low (b = 1.53, p=.001), but not high levels (b=-0.39, p=.61) of self-esteem. No other interactions were significant. Assisting female college students with increasing their self-esteem may be an effective component of intervention programs targeting alcohol consumption, particularly among those who report drinking to fit in.
Absolute Theological Truth in Postmodern Times

Postmodernity brought about the greatest paradigm shift in philosophical s t u l e s since Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle defmed the basic structure and destiny of Western philosophy and science. I n postmodern times, knowledge and truth have become relative to the historical and cultural conditions o f the cognitive subject. Postmodern "herrneneutical reason"' replaces the "epistemologcal foundationabsm" of classical and modem times.2 T h e epistemologcal shift implies that truth changes with the times. W e can n o longer speak of "eternal" o r "absolute" truth. Truth is relative to our historically and culturally conditioned lives3 How should evangelical theology relate to this epoch-making epistemological shift? Can we speak in postmodern times of an absolute unchanging theological truth?4 Recently, Stanley Grenz has addressed h s issue,5 proposing that evangelical theology should embrace postmodern epistemology and work from w i h the sociohstorical limitations o f the church community and the culturally conditioned language of its tradition. In short, they see theology exploring "the world-constructing, knowledge-forming 'language' of the Christian I n this presentation, I will attempt to outline an alternate way to affirm both the paradgrnatic shift o f postmodern epistemology and the absolute truth o f Christian theology. I will argue, with Grenz, that evangelical theology
Data Collection, Control, and Sample Size

Many questions in social sciences can only be addressed through individual perceptions, impressions, and judgments. A consumer’s willingness to pay for a product or service is a noisy signal, and the consumer has no obligation to follow through on a purchase intent, no matter how much the researcher might like to infer that “intention” is “action.” Such inherently unobservable constructs need to be modeled as a latent variable. Personal statements of intent, whether they are for purchases, good deeds, or other promises, can only be considered rough indicators; researchers like them because they are cheap and easy to collect by questioning the individual. But like confessions and New Year’s resolutions, intentions are pliable and yielding, and often mendacious. Psychologists have created improved polygraph protocols involving such questions over nearly a century; yet polygraph evidence is still not admissible in court. Obtaining truthful and accurate data from surveys and questionnaires is challenging and the quality of information is invariably lacking. Latent constructs that are of actual interest—ones that help us build theory—are often unobservable. The only way to understand them is through objective measurement of related constructs—the indicator variables.
Informal Care and Economic Stressors

This chapter uses data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to describe how informal care provided by adult children and spousal caregivers interact with economic stress. Multiple economic factors influence whether a person becomes an informal caregiver. The economic impacts of caregiving are modest in the research literature, but readily quantifiable economic impacts may not provide a complete picture. The Great Recession offers an example of how the macroeconomic climate can affect informal care activities and informal caregivers’ economic situations more generally. There are differences in real wealth, debt, debt-to-income ratios, housing insecurity, employment, and insurance coverage between caregivers and noncaregivers. Economic stress may create unintentional negative impacts on the caregiving dyad.
Drums Keep Pounding a Rhythm in the Brain

How does the visual cortex of the primate brain manage to focus attention on one interesting object while ignoring all of the other objects in the field of view? According to Stryker in his Perspective, new findings in monkeys ( Fries et al .) demonstrate that neurons in the V4 region of the visual cortex that are activated by the "attended" stimulus show remarkable synchronization of their electrical discharges in the gamma frequency range (35 to 90 Hz), whereas neurons activated by distracting stimuli do not.
Rehabilitation of physically disabled dentists: a model for a vocationally specific rehabilitation program.

Abstract A unique collaborative program whose goal is to facilitate the return of disabled dentists to active dental practice is described. This approach includes comprehensive interdisciplinary evaluation and remediation, and it has succeeded in revealing previously undiagnosed impairments which should be considered in the formulation of a rehabilitation plan. A case report illustrates the process. This program can serve as a model for similar programs addressing the needs of other disabled health care professionals.
THE GENERAL MOTORS DRIVING SIMULATOR

This paper describes a project in which a driving simulator is included in the vehicle design process. The simulator has programmable vehicle model parameters that allow for a dynamic response to driver commands. The simulator also features a fast response time and a low incidence rate of "simulator induced syndrome." Applications include supporting the development of new concepts for steering systems and evaluating the usability of vehicle controls and displays.
Characterizing the expression of CYP3A4 and efflux transporters (P-gp, MRP1, and MRP2) in CYP3A4-transfected Caco-2 cells after induction with sodium butyrate and the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate.

Purpose. To examine the changes in expression levels of CYP3A4 and efflux transporters in CYP3A4-transfected Caco-2 (colon carcinoma) cells in the presence of the inducers sodium butyrate (NaB) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). To characterize the transport of [3H]-digoxin and the metabolism of midazolam in the cells under different inducing conditions.
Stability analysis of flows of liquid crystal polymers exhibiting a banding structure

A prototype model to describe flows of liquid crystal polymers is analyzed. Under appropriate hypotheses on the constitutive functions, we show existence of steady-state solutions presenting a banding structure parallel to the shear direction, in shear flow geometry. A stability analysis of such solutions is carried out.
Computer-Tailored Student Support in Introductory Physics

Large introductory courses are at a disadvantage in providing personalized guidance and advice for students during the semester. We introduce E2Coach (an Expert Electronic Coaching system), which allows instructors to personalize their communication with thousands of students. We describe the E2Coach system, the nature of the personalized support it provides, and the features of the students who did (and did not) opt-in to using it during the first three terms of its use in four introductory physics courses at the University of Michigan. Defining a ‘better-than-expected’ measure of performance, we compare outcomes for students who used E2Coach to those who did not. We found that moderate and high E2Coach usage was associated with improved performance. This performance boost was prominent among high users, who improved by 0.18 letter grades on average when compared to nonusers with similar incoming GPAs. This improvement in performance was comparable across both genders. E2Coach represents one way to use technology to personalize education at scale, contributing to the move towards individualized learning that is becoming more attainable in the 21st century.
Drug Resistance in Cancer Chemotherapy

Systemic therapy with chemotherapeutic agents has greatly improved outcome in many types of cancer over the last 50 years. However, clinical resistance to chemotherapy has prevented certain subtypes of malignancies from responding to currently used systemic therapies. Understanding the unique properties of the tumor cell by which it achieves resistance to cancer chemotherapy will improve our ability to administer rational therapies to patients with cancer. Ultimately, by using strategies to overcome clinical resistance of cancer cells, patients with malignancies that have, to date, been considered refractory to therapy may also achieve excellent responses to chemotherapy. Keywords: drug resistance; chemotherapy; ABC transporters; pharmacogenomics; oncology
Formal Grammar and Human Factors Design of an Interactive Graphics System

Formal grammatical description has not generally been applied in the human factors area, which traditionally draws on behavioral science for its methodology. This paper illustrates, by means of a detailed example, how formal grammatical description can be used as a predictive tool to compare alternative designs for ease of use and to identify design choices which could cause users to make mistakes.
Spectral sensitivities of dark- and light-adapted Notonecta compound eyes

Abstract Spectral sensitivity curves of dark-adapted dorso-posterior and ventro-anterior eye regions of Notonecta irrorata, N. isulata , and N. undulata have similar shapes, with a major peak at about 520 nm and a minor peak at about 375 nm. With long-wavelength light adaptation the 520 nm peak becomes more depressed than does the 375 nm peak and, in addition, a third peak at 475 nm becomes evident. This ‘blue’ peak can be demonstrated in both parts of the eye and can be abolished by adaptation with blue light. It is probable that both parts of the eye possess three classes of receptors similar to those found by Bruckmoser (1968) in the dorsal part of the eye of N. glauca .
Total risk aversion and the pricing of options

The objective of this paper is to derive the price of a call option in a “stable” market for amarket maker who is totally risk averse in the sense that he has a utility function with infinite index of absolute risk aversion. We prove that in the case when the borrowing rateR is the same as the lending rater the option price must be the Black—Scholes price with rateR = r. In the more interesting caseR > r, we prove that two option pricing functions are necessary and sufficient for making a market in the option. These two functions are the Black—choles prices with rater orR. Which price to use at each time will depend on the circumstances (buying or selling) and the capitalization of the market maker. We determine which price to use at each time and the optimal “riskless” portfolio.
CASAS: engineering software applications

Abstract CASAS is a generic computer-aided student advising system that was developed as a two-semester software engineering project for undergraduate computer-science majors and graduate students enrolled in the Master's of Software Design and Development (MSDD) program at Texas Christian University. The purpose of CASAS is to assist college and university faculty with its student advising responsibilities. The project management experiences gained in conducting the course during the 1988–1989 and 1989–1990 academic years are described.
Ecdysteroid induction of sex pheromone biosynthesis in the housefly, Musca domestica—Are other factors involved?

Abstract Removal of the corpora allata-corpora cardiaca complex from female houseflies within 8 h of adult emergence did not inhibit sex pheromone production as measured by the amount of (Z)-9-tricosene (Z9-23:Hy) produced or the incorporation of labelled acetate into pheromone components. Treatment of intact females with precocene II did not have a permanent effect on sex pheromone production but temporarily retarded egg development and depressed mating. Sequential treatment of males with the juvenile hormone analogue methoprene followed by 20-hydroxyecdysone or 20-hydroxyecdysone followed by methoprene showed that methoprene did not synergize the effects of 20-hydroxyecdysone on inducing sex pheromone production. Male insects which had their heads removed one day after emergence, were treated with 20-hydroxyecdysone on day 3 followed by a 2 h incubation with labelled acetate on day 4 incorporated radioactivity into Z9-23:Hy, indicating that a head factor was not required for sex pheromone induction. RH 5849, a non-steroidal ecdysteroid agonist induced low levels of Z9-23:Hy production in males, as demonstrated by radio-gas-liquid chromatography and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. These results show that juvenile hormone neither induced nor modified sex pheromone production in the housefly. Ecdysteroids or their agonist, by themselves, induce sex pheromone production in the housefly.
Feeding and trapping fish withPiper auritum

The “natives” at Rio Indio, on the central Caribbean slope of Panama, trap the river fishBrycon chagrensis using leaves ofPiper auritum as bait in feeders. The people use this technique because the fish tastes like the leaf after it has fed regularly on the leaf. This technique has potential use in aquaculture. The plant could also be cultivated for marketing as a food-flavoring condiment and fish food.
Comparison of Star Clusters With and Without Wolf-Rayet Stars in Wolf-Rayet Galaxies

We compare the properties of young star clusters with and without Wolf-Rayet (W-R) stars in W-R galaxies using optical, near-infrared imagery and optical spectroscopy. Our work identifies the clusters with W-R stars in these galaxies for the first time. With this information, comparisons of clusters with and without W-R stars are now possible, enabling us to understand the chemical and morphological impact of massive stars on their environment and to constrain the parameters for modeling these systems. We find that clusters with W-R stars (W-R clusters) are systematically younger, bluer clusters. Knowing this age difference between the two cluster sets, we use an evolutionary scenario to interpret their other properties. Young clusters, typically W-R clusters, have a Str?mgren sphere-like gas configuration. They also tend to have H - K colors redder than those of theoretical models. We interpret the H - K excess as a combination of thermal emission from hot dust, nebular emission, and molecular emission. Older clusters, typically clusters without W-R stars, have ionized gas in a superbubble configuration caused by the prolonged influence of stellar winds and supernovae. The H - K excess is generally absent for these clusters. The nitrogen-to-oxygen abundance ratio (N/O) does not appear to increase as a function of age over the first 10 Myr. Systems without W-R stars do appear to have a significant, elevated N/O over systems with W-R stars in the metallicity range 12 + log(O/H) = 7.7-7.9. For the entire metallicity range in our sample, this finding is only marginally significant. We concur with previous studies, which find no correlation between the sulfur-to-oxygen abundance ratio and metallicity.
What We Think About Donne: A History of Donne Criticism in Twenty Minutes

This paper is part of the second Literature Compass panel cluster arising from The Texas A&M John Donne Collection: A Symposium and Exhibition. [Correction added after online publication 24 October 2008: ‘This paper introduces the second Literature Compass panel cluster’ changed to ‘This paper is part of the second Literature Compass panel cluster’.] Comprising an introduction by Gary Stringer and three of the papers presented at the symposium, this cluster seeks to examine the current state of Donne Studies and aims to provide a snapshot of the field. The symposium was held April 6–7, 2006. The cluster is made up of the following articles: ‘Introduction to the Second Donne Cluster: Three Papers from The Texas A&M John Donne Collection: A Symposium and Exhibition’, Gary A. Stringer, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00551.x. ‘Donne into Print: The Seventeenth-Century Collected Editions of Donne's Poetry’, Ted-Larry Pebworth, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00552.x. ‘“a mixed Parenthesis”: John Donne's Letters to Severall Persons of Honour’, M. Thomas Hester, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00553.x. ‘What We Think About Donne: A History of Donne Criticism in Twenty Minutes’, Paul A. Parrish, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00554.x. *** The standard paradigm of critical responses to John Donne from the seventeenth century to the present is not seriously contested: during his own day Donne was reasonably well known, albeit a somewhat controversial poet. As the century progressed, Donne became increasingly out of fashion, and throughout the eighteenth century and into the nineteenth century, Donne had largely disappeared from the public and critical eye. The ‘rescue’ of Donne in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries has led to an interest that has continued largely unabated to the present, though often without the unbridled enthusiasm that characterizes some responses early in the twentieth century. In the past few decades, Donne's work has been viewed through the lenses of virtually every critical and theoretical approach one could identify. More recent efforts, particularly as exemplified by the Variorum Edition of the Poetry of John Donne, have not so much challenged the standard paradigm regarding Donne criticism as to add to our knowledge and understanding by filling in gaps and shading in historical transitions, the better to provide a more comprehensive understanding of what we have thought about Donne for more than four centuries.
Influence on circulating 17-hydroxycorticosteroid concentrations of compounds structurally related to salicylate.

Summary1. Twenty-five compounds representing structural derivatives of benzoic acid were studied with regard to their effects on circulating 17-hydroxycorticosteroid (17-OHCS) concentrations in guinea pigs. 2. Benzoic acid had no effect on these concentrations. 3. Among the monohydroxybenzoic acids, the o- and m-substituted derivatives produced elevated plasma 17-OHCS concentrations. The latter compound exerted its effect earlier following administration than did salicylate. p-Hydroxybenzoate had no significant effect. 4. Among the mono-ether derivatives of benzoic acid only the o-substituted compounds produced significant elevations of plasma 17-OHCS concentrations. Significant elevations were produced by 3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzoic acid. 5. Both o- and paminobenzoic acid produced steroid elevations of borderline significance. 6. The addition to the salicylate structure of a second hydroxyl group in the 3 or 6 position or of an ether group in the 3 position appeared to augment the effect on 17-OHCS concent...
Safe and effective outpatient treatment of adults with chemotherapy-induced neutropenic fever.

Purpose. The safe and effective outpatient treatment of adults with chemotherapy- induced neutropenic fever is reviewed. Summary. Chemotherapy-induced neutropenic fever is a potentially life-threatening circumstance in high-risk patients. The standard of care for neutropenic fever is inpatient treatment with i.v. broad-spectrum antibiotics. Within the past 5–10 years, there has been growing interest in oral therapy and outpatient treatment for carefully selected low-risk patients. Outpatient treatment has the potential to avoid patient exposure to multidrug-resistant organisms found in the hospital, provide a more comfortable environment for the patient and his or her family, and achieve significant cost savings. Two risk-assessment tools have been developed to identify patients with a low risk of developing complications from neutropenic fever. A limited number of clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate outpatient treatment of low-risk patients. The evidence from well-designed randomized controlled trials comparing the safety and efficacy of outpatient therapy with standard therapy is not extensive. However, some centers have reported successful outpatient therapy in low-risk patients with febrile neutropenia. The greatest amount of evidence for outpatient treatment of neutropenic fever is available for the combination regimen of ciprofloxacin plus amoxicillin–clavulanate. Clinical practice guidelines are available to guide patient evaluation, antibiotic selection, monitoring, and follow-up. Conclusion. The accepted standard for treatment of neutropenic fever remains inpatient therapy with i.v. broad-spectrum antibiotics. However, some centers have had success treating selected low-risk patients with neutropenic fever as outpatients.