cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conserved structural elements in glutathione transferase homologues encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli.

Multiple sequence alignments of the eight glutathione (GSH) transferase homologues encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli were used to define a consensus sequence for the proteins. The consensus sequence was analyzed in the context of the three-dimensional structure of the gst gene product (EGST) obtained from two different crystal forms of the enzyme. The enzyme consists of two domains. The N-terminal region (domain I) has a thioredoxin-like α/β-fold, while the C-terminal domain (domain II) is all α-helical. The majority of the consensus residues (12/17) reside in the N-terminal domain. Fifteen of the 17 residues are involved in hydrophobic core interactions, turns, or electrostatic interactions between the two domains. The results suggest that all of the homologues retain a well-defined group of structural elements both in and between the N-terminal α/β domain and the C-terminal domain. The conservation of two key residues for the recognition motif for the γ-glutamyl-portion of GSH indicates that the homologues may interact with GSH or GSH analogues such as glutathionylspermidine or α-amino acids. The genome context of two of the homologues forms the basis for a hypothesis that the b2989 and yibF gene products are involved in glutathionylspermidine and selenium biochemistry, respectively. Proteins 2003;53:777–782. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Online Experience in Social Media: Two Paths to Feeling Close and Connected

A basic tenet of self-determination theory is that feeling close and connected to others can lead to optimal life experiences and recent research supports the idea that when people use social media to interact with others, they are likely to feel more related to others. Yet, little is known about whether using social media for more content-focused, less social, pursuits, might lead to the same feelings of relatedness. We examine how relatedness can arise from the interaction between the type of social media goals consumers pursue and their motivational orientation to pursue them. The results, replicated and generalized across three studies, show that there are two paths to connectedness: one when more intrinsic motivations drive social goals, but also, surprisingly, when more extrinsic motivations drive content goals. These effects occur because the experience from extrinsically motivated content goals is converted into one more akin to that for intrinsically motivated social goals.
Self-Control and the Development of Work Arrangements

A significant part of the development experience is the change in the way work is structured. To use a historical example, the Industrial Revolution involved workers moving from agriculture to manufacturing; from working on their own to working with others in factories; and from flexible work-hours to rigid work-days. How are we to understand these changes? Why did they occur? What impacts did they have on labor productivity and possibly growth? In answering questions such as these, economic theories draw on different assumptions about aggregate production, market failures, and innovation. Yet almost all rely on one of two determinants of labor productivity: human capital and incentives. Human capital theories (broadly construed) emphasize how work arrangements utilize the distribution of human capital and, in learning models, facilitate its development. Incentive theories (again broadly construed) emphasize how workplace arrangements align worker payoffs to minimize moral hazard. In this paper, we bring together and advance a growing literature on a third feature: worker self-control. Individuals may not be able to work as hard as they would like. Some workplace arrangements may make self-control problems more severe, while others may ameliorate them. Below, we describe evidence from a field experiment broadly supportive of the selfcontrol perspective. We then argue that many work arrangements can be understood differently through this perspective. Specifically, we
A high speed static CMOS PLA architecture

A static CMOS programmable-logic-array (PLA) architecture has been developed that enables the realization of high-speed control circuits while at the same time providing the low static power consumption inherent in CMOS technology. The PLA uses a novel circuit configuration and a two-phase clock to latch data between the AND and the OR planes. An 8-input, 13-output, 42-minterm finite state machine has been realized using an automatic generating system, in an area of 0.36 mm/sup 2/. This structure operates from near DC to above 80 MHz. >
Review : Neuroprotection in Brain Ischemia: An Update (Part II

Ischemic brain injury produced by stroke or cardiac arrest is a major cause of human neurological disability. Steady advances in the neurosciences have elucidated pathophysiological mechanisms of brain ischemia and have suggested many therapeutic approaches directed at specific injury mechanisms to achieve neuroprotection of the acutely ischemic brain. The first portion of this two-part review highlights the differentiating features and pathological mechanisms of focal and global cerebral ischemic injury and summarizes a wealth of recent evidence as to how antagonism of excitatory amino acid neurotoxicity, mediated via NMDA as well as non-NMDA receptors, may offer a means of diminishing the extent of ischemic injury. The Neuroscientist 1:95-103, 1995
Implications of Resource Directive Allocation Models for Organizational Design

This paper develops theoretical results, for a class of coordination mechanisms for resource allocation in decentralized firms, using as a model the decomposition of linear programs. Of the two pure decentralized allocation mechanisms price-directive and resource-directive, resource-directive mechanisms, based in concept upon rationing or budgeting procedures, have received less attention in the literature. This paper focuses on these mechanisms and reports that under rather mild conditions the use of the plausible and economically appealing rule of allocating a global resource so as to equalize its marginal value over alternate uses is almost surely doomed to failure. In particular it is found that 1 resource-directive decompositions induce a kind of structural degeneracy in the decentralized divisions; 2 the amount of degeneracy increases with the number of divisions and the number of scarce global resources; and 3 degeneracy “seeks its own level” in that degeneracies spread over the divisions. The implication of these results for those interested in organizational design is that caution should be observed in utilizing such a rule as equalizing marginal values, and that more complicated and costly procedures for effecting resource allocation may be required. Finally, some symmetries between price-directive and resource-directive mechanisms are summarized.
C14 Assays and Autoradiographic Studies on the Rooster Comb

The distribution of C14 was studied in various parts of the rooster comb following treatment with testosterone. The value of gas-phase assay of C14 in tissue has been demonstrated and the results compared with those of autoradiographic studies on the same tissue. The results of these experiments showed that androgen treatment significantly increases the rate of incorporation of C14 in various parts of the comb. The specific activity of carbon in the comb, cornea, and liver differed, depending on which precursor, viz. glucose-6-C14, glucose-1-C14, and glucuronolactone-U-C14, was administered. The highest values were obtained after the administration of glucose-6-C14; glucuronolactone-U-C14 gave the lowest specific activity. The specific activity of carbon in different parts of the comb showed considerable variation. Carbon assay of serial sections of the comb cut at various planes showed that the specific activity of carbon was highest in the mucoid layer. Both C14 assays and autoradiograms indicate that C14 is also present in other parts of the comb. As seen in autoradiography, the concentration of C14 was highest in the epithelium, in the blood vessel walls, and in the avascular collagenous tissue. These results, and indications from previous studies, suggest that the high specific activity of carbon in the mucoid layer is due mainly to the presence of C14-labelled hyaluronic acid. Autoradiograms and PAS staining suggest that a significant amount of C14 is also incorporated into the glycoproteins associated with the collagen fibers.
MEASUREMENT OF FIBER BLEND VARIABILITY BY ACTIVATION ANALYSIS.

The modern trend in textiles is to blend various fibers having different fiber properties to produce yarn and fabric with certain desired physical and chemical properties. The quality of blended yarn and the resulting fabric depends upon the uniformity of blending. In spinning yarns from blends of two or more staple fibers there is no convenient method of measuring the variability of each fiber. It was demonstrated that activation analysis could be used to measure the lengthwise variability of polyester fiber in a cotton-polyester blend at each step of the spinning process.
Amide to Active Amine Conversion of Nylon by Deep UV Irradiation

Ultraviolet light having sufficiently short wavelength can drive photochemical processes at polymer surfaces. We find that irradiation at 193 nm, but not at 248 nm, results in conversion of amide groups at the nylon surface to amines, still bound in the polymer chain. These amines show anti-microbial activity [1].
Monitoring the Impact of Heat Waves with Emergency Service Utilization Data in Los Angeles County

We describe Los Angeles County's (LAC's) usage of electronic emergency department (ED) and 911 emergency dispatch center (EDC) call data during heat waves for situational awareness. We assess the correlation between these indicators as well as with temperatures to conclude that total ED volume is not an adequate indicator for assessing the impact of heat on emergency service utilization. Heat-specific ED visits and EDC calls, however, provide more meaningful measures of heat-related illnesses in LAC.
A rigorous method of moments solution for curved waveguide bends and its applications

An accurate and computationally efficient method of moments solution, together with a mode-matching technique, for the analysis of curved planar waveguide bends is described. The method is applied to single and cascaded curved bends in rectangular waveguides, quantum waveguides and microstrips. The effect of the orientation of cascaded bends on the transmission properties is examined. The computed results for the scattering parameters converge very rapidly with increasing number of expansion functions and modes used in the method of moments, and mode-matching analysis, respectively. As a rule, only a few expansion terms and modes need to be considered for accurate solutions. >
Extent and degree of hybridization between exotic (Spartina alterniflora) and native (S. foliosa) cordgrass (Poaceae) in California, USA determined by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs)

Spartina alterniflora, smooth cordgrass, native to the eastern USA, was introduced into south San Francisco Bay ≈ 25 years ago. It has spread by purposeful introduction of rooted plants and dispersal of seeds on the tides. Previous work suggested that S. alterniflora was competitively superior to the native California cordgrass, S. foliosa, and that the two species hybridized. The present study determined the spread of S. alterniflora and S. foliosa × alterniflora hybrids in California and examined the degree of hybridization. We used nuclear DNA markers diagnostic for each species to detect the parental species and nine categories of hybrids. The California coast outside San Francisco Bay contained only the native species. All hybrid categories exist in the Bay, implying that several generations of crossing have occurred and that hybridization is bidirectional. Hybrids were found principally near sites of deliberate introduction of the exotic species. Where S. alterniflora was deliberately planted, we found approximately equal numbers of S. alterniflora and hybrid individuals; S. foliosa was virtually absent. Marshes colonized by water-dispersed seed contained the full gamut of phenotypes with intermediate-type hybrids predominating. The proliferation of hybrids could result in local extinction of S. foliosa. What is more, S. alterniflora has the ability to greatly modify the estuary ecosystem to the detriment of other native species and human uses of the Bay. To the extent that they share these engineering abilities, the proliferation of cordgrass hybrids could grossly alter the character of the San Francisco Bay.
Resident/fellow assistance in the operating room for endocrine surgery in the era of fellowships.

Background Historically, a high percentage of endocrine surgical procedures are performed by general surgeons in nonteaching environments. With the institution of accredited fellowships, we sought to determine whether that dynamic is changing. Materials and Methods The American College of Surgeons—National Surgeons Quality Improvement Program was queried for all thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal operations performed during 2005–2008. Resident assistance was classified as none, junior (postgraduate years 1–3), senior (postgraduate years 4 and 5) or fellow (≥ postgraduate year 6). Data were also examined for associations between resident/fellow assistance and surgical outcomes. Results In all, 24.7% of endocrine operations (7,140/29,161) were performed by an attending surgeon operating alone (17.1% adrenals, 27.4% thyroids, and 20.6% parathyroids). Fellows assisted in 6.6% of operations (18.3% adrenals, 4.7% thyroids, and 8.2% parathyroids; 2006: 586 operations, 2007: 629 operations, and 2008: 720 operations). Comparing attending surgeons operating alone with those assisted by residents/fellows, they had shorter operative times ( P P Conclusion Even with the increase in endocrine surgery fellowships, almost one fourth of all endocrine operations are still performed by attending surgeons operating alone. Although operations assisted by residents/fellows took longer and patients had a greater duration of stay, there were no significant differences in measured outcomes.
Mesozoic evolution of the Antarctic Peninsula and the southern Andes

A simple Mesozoic sea-floor-spreading model of the fragmentation of Gondwanaland indicates that reconstruction of the Antarctic Peninsula adjacent to the southern or Patagonian Andes is a plausible alternative to previous reconstructions. The simple model reproduces some major elements of the known Mesozoic geologic history of the Antarctic Peninsula and southern Andes.
Transient stability and voltage regulation in power systems with renewable distributed energy resources

In this paper, energy storage used to enhance the transient stability of an electrical power system with renewable power generation is investigated. The passivity-based control design method (IDA-PBC) is used to achieve power angle stability and frequency and voltage regulation after the occurrence of a large disturbance (a symmetrical three-phase short circuit transmission line fault). The performance of the control design is illustrated in simulation for: (1) a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) and (2) a two-machine (synchronous and doublyfed induction generators) and infinite bus. The results show that the proposed controller provides improved critical clearing times (CCTs) and an enlarged domain of attraction (DOA) with improved frequency and voltage regulation.
Description, circumscription and phylogenetics of the new tribe Zaeucoilini (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Eucoilinae), including a description of a new genus

Neotropical eucoiline genera that have been included in and allied with the Zaeucoila genus group are redescribed. Following character analysis and phylogenetic reconstruction (25 taxa, 96 morphological characters, 1452 ribosomal and mitochondrial characters), this informal genus group was found to be mono- phyletic, and hence raised to formal recognition as a tribe of eucoilines, namely Zaeucoilini new tribe. Through phylogenetic reconstruction, Aegeseucoela Buffing- ton was determined to be polyphyletic; the type species of Aegeseucoela, A. grenadensis (Ashmead), is transferred to Agrostocynips comb.n. ;t he orphaned species, A. flavotincta (Kieffer), is transferred to Marthiella Buffington gen.n., comb.n. Based on the examination of the holotype of Diranchis flavipes Ashmead, 1900, this species is transferred to Rhabdeucoela comb.n., where it is both a junior, subjective synonym of flavipes (Ashmead, 1894) syn.n. and a junior, secondary homonym. Zaeucoilini contains the following genera: Agrostocynips Diaz, Dettmeria Borgmeier, Dicerataspis Ashmead, Lopheucoila Weld, Marthiella Buffington, Mon- eucoela Kieffer, Moritiella Buffington, Penteucoila Weld, Preseucoela Buffington, Rhabdeucoela Kieffer, Tropideucoila Ashmead and Zaeucoila Ashmead. Characters and character states applicable specifically to Zaeucoilini are defined and illustrated. Characters supporting the monophyly of each genus are discussed. The plesiomor- phic host for members of the Zaeucoilini are postulated as agromyzid leaf-mining Diptera, with one shift within the clade containing Dettmeria, Dicerataspis and Lopheucoila to fruit-infesting Diptera. New host records are reported for species of Preseucoela, Rhabdeucoela and Zaeucoila. All known hosts for the species of each genus are reported, as are known distributions and locations of type specimens.
Polynomial interpolation in several variables

I want to thank the organizers for inviting me to this meeting as it gives me the opportunity to help celebrate Sam Conte who gave me my first academic job. More than that, he provided my children with many years of summer camp in the wilds of New Hampshire and Wisconsin, and at least two of them think that those summers in New Hampshire were essential for their growing up (and I tend to agree with them).
Tunable ultraviolet generation using a femtosecond 250 kHz Ti:sapphire regenerative amplifier

A mode-locked Ti:sapphire regenerative amplifier system pumped with a single argon ion laser produces /spl mu/J energy 100 femtosecond pulses of 800 nm wavelength at 250 kHz repetition rate. Pumping a Type II BaB/sub 2/O/sub 4/ (BBO) optical parametric amplifiers (OPA) with this output generates 500 nJ infrared pulses and continuous tuning from 1.1 /spl mu/m to beyond 2.5 /spl mu/m. Difference frequency generation of the signal idler output from this OPA source in AgGaS/sub 2/ produces 60 nJ mid infrared pulses and continuous tuning from 2.4 /spl mu/m to beyond 12 /spl mu/m.
The Use of Comorbidities Among Adults Experiencing Care Transitions: A Systematic Review and Evolutionary Analysis of Empirical Literature

Objective: To systematically review how comorbidities are employed in the empirical literature for adults coping with multiple chronic conditions during common episodes of acute illness that result...
Contributions of talin-1 to glioma cell - matrix tensional homeostasis

The ability of cells to adapt their mechanical properties to those of the surrounding microenvironment (tensional homeostasis) has been implicated in the progression of a variety of solid tumours, including the brain tumour glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). GBM tumour cells are highly sensitive to extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness and overexpress a variety of focal adhesion proteins, such as talin. While talin has been shown to play critical early roles in integrin-based force-sensing in non-tumour cells, it remains unclear whether this protein contributes to tensional homeostasis in GBM cells. Here, we investigate the role of the talin isoform talin-1 in enabling human GBM cells to adapt to ECM stiffness. We show that human GBM cells express talin-1, and we use RNA interference to suppress talin-1 expression without affecting levels of talin-2, vinculin or phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase. Knockdown of talin-1 strongly reduces both cell spreading area and random migration speed but does not significantly affect overall focal adhesion size distributions. Most strikingly, atomic force microscopy indentation reveals that talin-1 suppression compromises adaptation of cell stiffness to changes in ECM stiffness. Together, these data support a role for talin-1 in the maintenance of tensional homeostasis in GBM and suggest a functional role for enriched talin expression in this tumour.
Effects of cyanosis and hypothermic circulatory arrest on lung function in neonatal lambs

Abstract Background . Lung function is often impaired after cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), particularly in chronically cyanotic patients. This study aimed to evaluate lung function in a surgically created chronic cyanotic neonatal lamb model after CPB and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) and to assess the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the pathogenesis of increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Methods . A chronic cyanosis model was surgically created in 7 lambs (4.7 ± 0.8 days old) by anastomosing the pulmonary artery (PA) to the left atrium (LA). Another 7 lambs underwent a sham operation (control). One week later, the animals underwent shunt takedown and CPB with 90 minutes of DHCA at 18°C. Cardiac index (CI), pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI), lung dynamic compliance (C dyn ), alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (AaDO 2 ), left atrial plasma nitrate/nitrite (NO metabolites) levels, and pulmonary cGMP production (concentration difference between LA and PA) were measured before CPB and at 1 and 2 hours after reperfusion. Results . The cyanosis model consistently produced significantly lower arterial oxygen tension (34.8 ± 2.3 vs 93.1 ± 8.8 torr in control, p p 2 and C dyn after CPB between groups. The level of NO metabolites did not change before or after CPB in either cyanotic or acyanotic animals. NO metabolite levels tended to be higher in the cyanotic animals ( p = 0.08). There was no significant difference in pulmonary cGMP production between both groups. Conclusions . These findings suggest that CPB with DHCA, per se, does not affect NO production in cyanotic or acyanotic neonatal lambs but causes increased PVR in both groups. Chronic cyanosis does not result in reduced pulmonary function after CPB with DHCA, and is associated with lower PVR. The mechanism may involve an increased NO production in cyanotic animals.
A simple theory for optimizing finite width ELF magnetic field shields for minimum dependence on source orientation

The effectiveness of single layer, finite width, planar extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field shields is strongly dependent upon the orientation of the field sources. Since source information is difficult to obtain, the issue of designing shields which are independent of source orientation is important. Here, a simple analytic model for shielding by multiple layer, finite width, planar shields constructed from perfect electric and perfect magnetic material is presented. This is augmented by a study of conditions for which the perfect material approximation is valid. The simple model is used to determine strategies for designing shields which are independent of source orientation. It is found that two layer perfect electric/magnetic shields perform significantly better than single layer shields.
AN IMPROVED GENERALIZED SPECTRAL TEST FOR CONDITIONAL MEAN MODELS IN TIME SERIES WITH CONDITIONAL HETEROSKEDASTICITY OF UNKNOWN FORM

Dynamic economic theories usually have implications on and only on the conditional mean dynamics of economic processes. Using a generalized spectral derivative approach, Hong and Lee (2005, Review of Economic Studies 72, 499–541) recently proposed a new class of omnibus nonparametric specification tests for linear and nonlinear time series conditional mean models, where the dimension of the conditioning information set may be infinite. The tests can detect a wide range of model misspecifications in mean while being robust to conditional heteroskedasticity and time-varying higher order moments of unknown form. They enjoy an asymptotic “nuisance parameter–free” property in the sense that parameter estimation uncertainty has no impact on the asymptotic N(0,1) distribution of the test statistics. As a result, only the estimated residuals from the null parametric model are needed to implement the tests, and no specific estimation is required.Although parameter estimation uncertainty has no impact on the asymptotic distribution of the tests, it may have significant impact on the finite-sample distribution, and such an impact may become more substantial as the number of estimated parameters increases. In this paper, we adopt the Wooldridge (1990, Econometric Theory 6, 17–43) device for parametric m-tests to the Hong and Lee (2005) nonparametric tests to reduce the impact of parameter estimation uncertainty. Asymptotic size and power properties of the modified tests are investigated, and simulation studies show that the modified tests generally have better sizes in finite samples and are robust to parameter estimation uncertainty. In the meantime, the size improvement does not cause loss of power against a wide range of alternatives when using the empirical critical values for the tests. These results suggest that the modified generalized spectral derivative tests can be a useful tool in time series conditional mean modeling.We thank Bruce Hansen (the co-editor) and three referees for insightful and helpful comments and suggestions. We also are grateful for financial support from the National Science Foundation Grant SES–0111769 and the Cheung Kong Visiting Scholarship by the Chinese Ministry of Education and Xiamen University, China.
Extended para-hydrogenation monitored by NMR spectroscopy

A system that provides a sustained hyperpolarized 1H NMR signal in an aqueous medium is reported. The enhanced signal lasts much longer than typical 1H T1 values, uncovering new possibilities for implementing hyperpolarized 1H NMR/MRI experiments or performing kinetics studies that would not otherwise be detectable.
The Consideration Of Fraud In A Financial Statement Audit: Some Study Questions

In October 2002, the Auditing Standards Board (ASB) issued Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS) No. 99, Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit in response to recommendations from the Fraud Task Force. SAS No. 99 is intended to improve auditor performance during audits and to increase the likelihood that the auditors will detect fraudulent financial reporting if any is present. Since fraud awareness is such a major part of any audit, accounting students should be well versed on the content of SAS No. 99. However, not all accounting students read SASs in detail. Then how do accounting educators get this important content to these students?
Microstructural Characterization of Alloy 617 Crept Into the Tertiary Regime

The dislocation structure and area fraction of creep voids in Alloy 617 were characterized following creep tests interrupted at total creep strains ranging from 2–20%. A range of creep temperatures (750–1000°C) and initial creep stresses (10–145 MPa) produced creep test durations ranging from 1 to 5800 hours. Image analysis of optical photomicrographs on longitudinal sections of the gage length was used to document the fraction of creep porosity as a function of creep parameters. In interrupted creep tests performed at 750°C, minimal levels of creep porosity were found even in samples crept to ∼20% total creep strain. At 1000°C, creep porosity was negligible below total creep strains of 10% and increased thereafter with increasing total creep strain. Also, creep porosity increased with decreasing creep stress for a given total creep strain. TEM performed on the gage sections did not reveal significant creep void formation on grain boundaries or in the grains at the sub-micron level. However, dislocation boundaries exhibited extensive dislocation rearrangement and dislocation-dislocation reactions. It was concluded that the onset of tertiary creep did not result from creep void formation and more likely arose due to the formation of low energy dislocation substructures.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
On Representations as a Sum of Consecutive Integers

1. Introduction. It is the object of this paper to investigate the function γ(m), the number of representations of m in the form (1) where . It is shown that γ(m) is always equal to the number of odd divisors of m, so that for example γ(2 k ) = 1, this representation being the number 2 k itself. From this relationship the average order of γ(m) is deduced ; this result is given in Theorem 2. By a method due to Kac [2], it is shown in §3 that the number of positive integers for which γ(m) does not exceed a rather complicated function of n and ω, a real parameter, is asymptotically nD(ω), where D(ω) is the probability integral
Megawatt solitons in a gas-filled photonic-crystal fibers

We show that the dispersion of a hollow-core photonic band-gap fiber is anomalous throughout most of its transmission band. We generate Raman-shifted solitons in air and non-self-frequency shifted solitons in Xe with mewatt peak powers.
Power Generation From Concentrated Solar-Heated Air Using Buoyancy-Induced Vortices

Thermally-stratified air layers overlying solar-heated ground are exploited for power generation by the deliberate formation of intense buoyancy-induced vertical columnar vortices, similar to naturally-occurring desert “dust devils.” In hot-climate regions, such buoyancy-driven columnar vortices occur spontaneously with core diameters of 1–50 m at the surface and heights up to one km, leading to flows with considerable angular and axial momentum. Unlike “dust devil” vortices, which are typically free to wander laterally and are therefore susceptible to crosswind, anchored columnar vortices are deliberately triggered and confined within a domain laterally bounded by an azimuthal array of stationary ground-mounted vertical vanes, and are sustained by continuous entrainment of heated air passing between these vanes. Hot air near the solar-heated ground plane sustains the anchored vortex, and electric power is generated by using the resulting rotational and vertical flow induced by an “anchored” vortex to drive a vertical-axis wind turbine coupled to an electric generator. This novel approach to the collection of solar energy provides a low-cost, scalable, and sustainable method for generation of electric power from vast amounts of solar-heated air in arid regions. Meter-scale laboratory experiments have demonstrated the nucleation and sustainment of strong, buoyancy-driven vortices above a thermally controlled ground plane. The present investigation focuses on fundamental mechanisms of columnar vortex formation, evolution, and dynamics using stereo particle image velocimetry (PIV), with particular emphasis on scaling and assessment of the available mechanical power. The strength and scaling of theses vortices can be significantly altered by adjustment of the vanes and the rate of sensible heat uptake by the air flow, related to the “buoyancy flux”. Recent outdoor tests of a meter-scale prototype coupled with a simple vertical-axis turbine placed on a surface directly heated by solar radiation, have demonstrated continuous rotation of the turbine with significant extraction of kinetic energy from the column vortex, in both the absence and presence of crosswind.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Transnitrosylation: A Factor in Nitric Oxide-Mediated Penile Erection.

Introduction Nitric oxide (NO) signaling can be mediated not only through classic 3′,5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate but also through S-nitrosylation. However, the impact of S-nitrosylation on erectile function and in NO regulation and oxidative stress in the penis remains poorly understood.
An informatics research agenda to support precision medicine: seven key areas

The recent announcement of the Precision Medicine Initiative by President Obama has brought precision medicine (PM) to the forefront for healthcare providers, researchers, regulators, innovators, and funders alike. As technologies continue to evolve and datasets grow in magnitude, a strong computational infrastructure will be essential to realize PM’s vision of improved healthcare derived from personal data. In addition, informatics research and innovation affords a tremendous opportunity to drive the science underlying PM. The informatics community must lead the development of technologies and methodologies that will increase the discovery and application of biomedical knowledge through close collaboration between researchers, clinicians, and patients. This perspective highlights seven key areas that are in need of further informatics research and innovation to support the realization of PM.
Film Boiling Under an Impinging Cryogenic Jet

Jet impingement cooling has found application in spot cooling of electronic components, cryosurgery, cryogenic freezing of food and other areas in which a relatively high heat flux is required. In this paper, the film boiling heat transfer process for a jet of liquid nitrogen impinging on a heated flat plate was examined analytically and the analytical correlation was verified by experiment. The analytical solution involved the application of the von Karman integral analysis for both the saturated liquid layer and the vapor film. The film boiling heat transfer coefficients were measured using both a transient method and a steady-state method.
Varieties of Lay Enthusiasm in New England and England

The previous chapters have demonstrated the dynamic nature of lay puritanism, and it is that quality that allowed for the evolution from the movement itself of what most puritans branded heresies.1 John Coffey has pointed out that “Presbyterians and Congregationalists, General and Particular Baptists, Seekers and Fifth Monarchists, Ranters and Quakers all emerged from the intense religious substructure of the godly.”2 Prophesyings, introspection and self-analysis, the sharing of experiences, and the interpretation of scripture through the grace of the Holy Spirit all drew on a mystical element in puritanism that carried with it a threat that individuals might place their personal understanding before communal understanding of the faith. According to David D. Hall the Free Grace Controversy in Massachusetts in some ways pointed to later controversies since “those who challenged outward behavior as evidence of inner grace could also challenge the practice of infant baptism, and from there move on to deny the objective basis of the ministry. The logic of Anne Hutchinson’s spiritism pointed clearly in the direction of the Baptists and Quakers.”3 A similar development can be found in puritanism in England. A review of Baptists and Quakers on both sides of the Atlantic reveals many characteristics that justify identifying them as part of the mainstream puritan movement.
Community College Student Perceptions of Their Experiences Related to Global Learning: Understanding the Impact of Family, Faculty, and the Curriculum

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this mixed-method research study was to better understand community college students’ engagement in global learning. The study, supported by the Florida Consortium for International Education, was conducted during the 2015–2016 academic year in Florida across nine community colleges drawing from a 55-question survey with an 11% response rate (n = 175). Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used, with data analysis conducted using NVivo and SPSS software. An electronic survey was piloted with one institution, and a refined version was sent to select professors across nine community colleges in the state for distribution to students in the fall semester of 2015. A total of 175 students completed the survey. The majority of students responding were interested in global learning; however, they reported that this interest stemmed primarily from family encouragement and personal experiences rather than from their academic experiences. Students did report that professors were prom...
Patient acceptance of half-dose vs half-time molecular breast imaging

2634 Objectives New patient preparation procedures adopted for molecular breast imaging (MBI), including fasting, resting state, and body warming (1), have improved breast uptake to allow reduction in either injected activity or procedure time. Our objective was to assess patient acceptance of MBI exams performed at half-dose compared to exams performed at half-time. Methods Female volunteers (N=28 to date) with no breast concerns were randomized to either group 1 (MBI performed with half-dose, standard time [4 mCi 99mTc sestamibi, 10 min/view] or group 2 (MBI at standard dose, half-time [8 mCi, 5 min/view]. MBI was performed following a 4-hr fast and application of a warm blanket 15 min prior to injection. Bilateral CC and MLO views were acquired. Post procedure, patients completed a survey to assess comfort and preference for shorter imaging time vs lower radiation dose. Responses between groups were compared with Fischer’s exact test. Results Results of the primary comfort questions, summarized from a more comprehensive 11-question survey, are shown in the table. No significant differences were observed between the groups in regard to responses for all comfort questions, fasting, duration of MBI exam, and willingness to undergo MBI in the future (all P>0.46). The majority of patients surveyed indicated preference for the same dose and exam time they underwent rather than the other option: in group 1, 80% (12/15) of patients preferred keeping the half-dose and standard exam time protocol, whereas in group 2, 69% (9/13) preferred keeping the standard dose and half the exam time. Conclusions This small survey supports that MBI, whether performed with standard or reduced imaging time or dose, is well accepted by patients.
Development and validation of the Attitudes toward Education for Older Adults (AEOA) scale

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to validate a multidimensional measure assessing attitudes toward education for older adults. As the elderly population and the demands of education among older adults have increased, the engagement of social workers in educational settings for older adults has also increased. Therefore, assessing social workers’ attitudes toward education for older adults is critical to better understand the appropriate circumstances for successfully providing and expanding educational programs for older adults. Using a sample of 227 social work students, a multidimensional scale consisting of 38 items was developed by focusing on the three subconstructs of attitudes: cognition, emotion, and behavior. Across various statistical analyses such as the examination of coefficient α and the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), this scale consistently demonstrated strong reliability and validity. This new reliable and valid scale may contribute to the quality of educational programs for older...
Life-Sustaining Systems and Consciousness

American psychology is fragmented, in part because mind, consciousness, and, to some degree, affect were driven underground from about the 1920’s to the 1960’s by behavioral and operational orientations. While research on such mentalistic states or processes as sensation, perception, and cognition continued vigorously, each was usually considered in isolation rather than as a particular aspect of mind or consciousness. With the re-legitimation of mind by the late sixties and consciousness by the seventies, there is now some hope that psychology can become a more integrated discipline; there is even a slim chance that a paradigm, i.e., some sort of comprehensive unifying model, may eventually emerge.
Barriers to and facilitators of pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder in VA residential treatment programs

Among US military veterans, alcohol use disorder (AUD) is prevalent and in severe cases patients need intensive AUD treatment beyond outpatient care. The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) delivers intensive, highly structured addiction and psychosocial treatment through residential programs. Despite the evidence supporting pharmacotherapy among the effective treatments for AUD, receipt of these medications (e.g., naltrexone, acamprosate) among patients in residential treatment programs varies widely. In order to better understand this variation, the current study examined barriers and facilitators to use of pharmacotherapy for AUD among patients in VA residential treatment programs. Semi-structured qualitative interviews with residential program management and staff were conducted and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was used to guide coding and analysis of interview transcripts. Barriers to use of pharmacotherapy for AUD included cultural norms or philosophy against prescribing, lack of access to willing prescribers, lack of interest from leadership, and perceived lack of patient interest or need. Facilitators included cultural norms of openness or active promotion of pharmacotherapy; education for patients, program staff and prescribers; having prescribers on staff, and care coordination within residential treatment and with other clinic settings in and outside VA. Developing and testing improvement strategies to increase care coordination and consistent support from leadership may also yield increases in the use of pharmacotherapy for AUD among residential patients.
Malulani and the Entrenchment of Mechanical Analysis of Related-Party Exchange Rules

The Tax Court’s decision in Malulani is the latest in a series of cases that deny section 1031 nonrecognition to taxpayers who acquire replacement property from related parties. The exchanger in each of the cases transferred relinquished property an unrelated party and acquired replacement property from a related party in an exchange facilitated by a qualified intermediary. The Tax Court disposed this case using a mechanical mathematical analysis that compared the amount of tax actually paid by the related party to the amount of tax that the exchanger would have paid on a hypothetical taxable sale of its relinquished property. Concluding that the actual tax liability was less than the hypothetical tax liability, the Tax Court held that the transaction came within section 1031(f)(4), which prohibits nonrecognition for transactions designed to skirt the prohibited related-party exchange rules. The Tax Court disregarded the exchanger’s qualitative arguments that the transaction was not designed to avoid the rules. The Article argues that the case sends a message to taxpayers that courts and the IRS will apply mechanical mathematical analysis to determine whether section 1031(f) applies to deny section 1031 nonrecognition.
MiR-150 negatively regulates CD8+ T cell memory formation

MicroRNAs play an important role in CD8+ T cell differentiation and anti-viral immune responses. However, how microRNAs regulate CD8+ T cell memory formation remains poorly defined. Here, by microRNA profiling of CD8+ T cell during acute or chronic LCMV infection, we identified microRNAs that are specifically enriched in memory CD8+ T cells comparing to naive, effector or exhausted CD8+ T cells. MiR-150, a microRNA that has been shown to be important in multiple biological processes, was identified as a potential memory CD8+ T cell biased microRNA. Functional interrogation of the role of miR-150 demonstrated that absence of miR-150 in CD8+ T cells enhanced memory CD8+ T cell differentiation, by both increasing KLRG-CD127+ memory precursors population during effector phase and enhancing CD127+CXCR3+ central memory phenotype long-term. Overexpression of miR-150 in CD8+ T cells, in contrast, negatively regulated CD8+ T cell memory formation. Furthermore, we found that miR-150 KO CD8+ T cells had higher expression of c-Myb comparing to miR-150 WT CD8+ T cells, a result observed using both in vitro CD8+ T cell differentiation and following infection with LCMV-Armstrong in vivo . Gene expression analysis implicated a relationship between the level of c-Myb expression and CD8+ T cell memory formation through potential anti-apoptotic molecules such as bcl-2. Thus, our studies identify a key role for miR-150 in CD8+ T cell memory and implicate a mechanism of CD8+ T cell memory effect by this microRNA through regulation of c-Myb.
Toward Managing HPC Burst Buffers Effectively: Draining Strategy to Regulate Bursty I/O Behavior

HPC (high-performance computing) applications usually show bursty I/O behaviors. In order to expedite the applications, permanent storage systems are usually provisioned to serve such I/O bursts. Approaching the era of exascale computing, non-volatile RAM is introduced as burst buffers, to absorb the bursty bulk data and relax the I/O provisioning requirement of the permanent storage systems. However, without judiciously draining the burst buffers, I/O bursts are passed down to the underlying storage systems, which causes severe I/O contention issues.In order to minimize the I/O provisioning requirement and resolve the issues caused by I/O bursts, we propose a proactive draining scheme to manage the draining process of distributed node-local burst buffers. In addition, we develop an I/O provisioning model to predict the minimized I/O provisioning requirement for permanent storage systems. Evaluation results show that applying the proactive draining scheme largely relaxes the I/O provisioning requirement while preserving the I/O performance of underlying storage systems.
Behavioral characteristics of DSM-IV ADHD subtypes in a school-based population

From an ethnically diverse sample of 2,744 school children, 221 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [123 (4.5%) predominantly inattentive (IA), 47 (1.7%) predominantly hyperactive/impulsive (HI), and 51 (1.9%) combined type (C)] were identified using teacher ratings on a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.) (DSM-IV) symptom checklist. Subjects were compared to 221 controls on teacher ratings of behavioral, academic, and social functioning. The results revealed relatively independent areas of impairment for each diagnostic group. The IA children were impaired in all areas, but were rated as displaying more appropriate behavior and fewer externalizing problems than HI or C children. The HI group displayed externalizing and social problems, but was rated as no different than controls in learning or internalizing problems. The C group demonstrated severe and pervasive difficulties across domains. These findings support the validity of the DSM-IV ADHD subtypes; all ADHD groups demonstrated impairment relative to controls, but show different patterns of behavioral characteristics.
Neurophenomenological Praxis: Its Applications to Learning and Pedagogy

This chapter summarily reviews learning theories as well as the methodologies that have shaped neurophenomenology in order to demonstrate its applicability to understanding adult transformative learning as embodied, enactive, and situated. Examples of pedagogical praxes are presented, which will elucidate the use of, and advocacy for, a neurophenomenological portfolio assessment. Proposed is a portfolio assessment, which includes phenomenological observations, teacher auto-ethnographies, and first-person (student) narratives of experiential learning that can be front-loaded into third-person, neuro-experimental research. Ultimately, this work provides liberation of these aforementioned ways of learning from educational subjugation when formal education and brain-based education remain steeped in Cartesianism and cognitivism.