cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of light rail transit service on nearby property values: Quasi-experimental evidence from Seattle

This paper examined the effect of the construction of light rail transit stations on surrounding residential property values in Seattle, Washington. It studied sales of homes in the areas around the seven stations that serve primarily residential areas in the Rainier Valley, using a difference-in-differences regression technique to obtain plausibly causal estimates of the effect of new rail service. For these seven stations, the estimated impact of light rail service was positive for only one station and negative for two stations. Estimated impacts for the other stations were small and statistically insignificant. These results suggest that light rail service did not provide value to the neighborhoods in the Rainier Valley of Seattle. I speculate that the transport service provided by light rail was not a significant improvement relative to the bus lines that serviced the area before light rail was built.
Dissociative recombination process of ammonium for HN-MAR in high density D-N plasmas

Ammonia molecules formed in a nitrogen-seeded D-fueled plasma are shown to catalyze volumetric recombination of hydrogen ions. This Hydronitrogen Molecular Assisted Recombination (HN-MAR) process occurs by charge and ion exchange reactions with ammonia (ND3), leading to subsequent volumetric recombination with ND3+ and ND4+ molecular ions. When the plasma density is raised to the point where volumetric recombination dominates plasma losses to the wall [ne > 1018 m−3], a calibrated electrostatic quadrupole plasma analyzer shows that the ND4+ ammonium ion density fraction drops from 0.55 to 0.11. We show that this is consistent with a 0-d kinetics model that includes the HN-MAR process with rates that are proportional to the electron density. The results suggest that direct injection of ammonia would provide a more efficient pathway to achieve divertor detachment in future tokamak experiments.
A Systematic Review of U.S.-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening Uptake Intervention Systematic Reviews: Available Evidence and Lessons Learned for Research and Practice

Background: We examined colorectal cancer screening (CRCS) intervention effectiveness, through the effect sizes associated with: (1) screening modality, (2) intervention level (e.g., client-directed), and (3) intervention component (e.g. client reminders) within published CRCS intervention systematic reviews (SRs). Methods: A search of peer-reviewed CRCS SRs that were written in English was employed utilizing five databases: CINAHL, Cochrane Library, rTIPS, PubMed, and PsycINFO EBSCOHOST. SRs that included CRCS interventions with a randomized controlled trial, quasi-experimental, or single arm design were eligible. Data on effect sizes by screening modality, intervention level, and intervention component were extracted and synthesized. Results: There were 16 eligible CRCS intervention SRs that included 116 studies published between 1986 and 2013. Reviews organized data by CRCS screening modality, or intervention component. Effect size reporting varied by format (i.e., ranges, medians of multiple studies, or effect size per study), and groupings of modalities and components. Overall, the largest effect sizes were for studies that utilized a combination of colonoscopy, fecal occult blood test (FOBT), and sigmoidoscopy as screening options (16-45 percentage point difference). Conclusions: Evidence suggests that CRCS interventions which include a combination of screening modalities may be most effective. This is the first SR to examine effect sizes of published CRCS SRs. However, because some SRs did not report effect sizes and there were tremendous variability reporting formats among those that did, a standard reporting format is warranted. Synthesizing findings can contribute to improved knowledge of evidence-based best-practices, direct translation of findings into policy and practice, and guide further research in CRCS.
Transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) for rectal cancer: beyond the learning curve

Transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) is a surgical approach for low rectal cancer with a learning curve estimated at 40–50 cases. The experience among taTME surgeons beyond their learning curve is limited. A retrospective analysis of all taTME cases performed for rectal cancer at two tertiary care hospitals from 2014 to 2019 was conducted. Transanal surgeons had previously performed > 50 taTME cases. Demographic, perioperative, and short-term outcomes were analyzed. Among 54 taTME patients, 74.1% were male and 27.8% had a BMI ≥ 30. Tumors were stage I (8), II (13), III (29), and IV (4). Complex cases included 4 local recurrences, 4 prior liver resections, and 2 with prior prostate cancer. Thirty tumors were located ≤ 6 cm from the anal verge. On staging MRI, 12 had a positive predicted circumferential radial margin (+CRM), and 4 had internal anal sphincter involvement (+IAS). Forty-seven patients received neoadjuvant therapy. A 2-team approach was used in 51 patients with laparoscopic (83.3%) or robotic (16.7%) abdominal assistance with a 9.2% conversion rate. Low anterior resection with sphincter salvage was achieved in 87% with 8 patients requiring intersphincteric resection. Anastomoses were hand-sewn in 57.4% and all patients were diverted. Median LOS was 5 days with a 42.6% 30-day morbidity rate and 3 postoperative mortalities (ARDS, pulmonary embolism and pseudomembranous colitis). Complete and near complete TME grade was achieved in 94.4% with a 3.7% rate of +CRM. At a median follow-up of 28 months, local and distant recurrence rates were 3.9% and 17.6%, respectively, with no cancer-related mortality. Indications for taTME at experienced centers have expanded to include complex reoperative cases, local recurrences, metastatic cancer, and tumors with threatened CRM or IAS with evidence of post-treatment tumor regression. In the latter cases, taTME achieves good short-term outcomes and may facilitate R0 resection.
Extensions of Respondent-Driven Sampling: A New Approach to the Study of Injection Drug Users Aged 18-25

Researchers generally use nonprobability methods such as chain-referral sampling to study populations for which no sampling frame exists. Respondent-driven sampling is a new form of chain-referral sampling that was designed to reduce several sources of bias associated with this method, including those from the choice of initial participants, volunteerism, and masking. This study expands this method by introducing “steering incentives,” supplemental rewards for referral of members of a specific group, injection drug users (IDUs) aged 18–25. The results are based on an interrupted time series analysis in which 196 IDUs from Meriden, CT, were interviewed before introduction of the steering incentives, and another 190 were interviewed afterwards. The steering incentives increased the percentage of younger IDUs sampled by 70%. We compared recruitment patterns with institutional data and self-reported personal networks to determine representativeness and whether volunteerism or masking were present. The results indicated that steering incentives helped to increase recruitment of younger IDUs, that the sample was representative, and that both volunteerism and masking were modest.
Machine learning based surrogate modeling approach for mapping crystal deformation in three dimensions

Abstract We present a machine learning based surrogate modeling method for predicting spatially resolved 3D crystal orientation evolution of polycrystalline materials under uniaxial tensile loading. Our approach is orders of magnitude faster than the existing crystal plasticity methods enabling the simulation of large volumes that would be otherwise computationally prohibitive. This work is a major step beyond existing ML-based modeling results, which have been limited to either 2D structures or only providing average, rather than local 3D full-field predictions. We demonstrate the speed and accuracy of our surrogate model approach on experimentally collected data from a face-centered cubic copper sample undergoing tensile deformation.
Persistence and photochemical transformation of water soluble constituents from industrial crude oil and natural seep oil in seawater.

Abstract The persistence and transformation of water soluble chemical constituents derived from surface oil from the 2015 Refugio Oil Spill and from a nearby natural seep were evaluated under simulated sunlight conditions. Photoirradiation resulted in enhanced oil slick dissolution, which was more pronounced in spill oil compared to seep oil. Nontargeted analysis based on GC × GC/TOF-MS revealed that photoirradiation promoted oil slick dissolution, and more water soluble compounds were released from spill oil (500 compounds) than from seep oil (180 compounds), most of them (488 in spill oil and 150 in seep oil) still persisting in solution after 67 days of photoirradiation. First-order degradation rate coefficients of humic-like water soluble constituents were found to be 0.26 day−1 and 0.29 day−1 for irradiated spill and seep samples, respectively. The decreases in humic-like fluorescence, specific UV absorbance, and aromatic compounds without corresponding decreases in DOC concentration support indirect photochemical transformation in addition to complete photomineralization.
The Critical Theories We Need Now: a Perspective from the CLT Graduate Student Working Group

Graduate students from the Culture, Learning, and Technology division recently hosted a webinar on critical theories and how they may be applied in learning design and research. This article presents an introduction to some of the challenges and opportunities in using critical perspectives in our work, and in our field, that emerged from the webinar discussions.
Leveraging social determinants of health to reduce hospital length of stay: A pilot quality improvement project to address inpatient cancer patients' barriers during the COVID 19 pandemic

233Background: Prior reports from our institution demonstrated high rates of racial segregation, unfavorable social determinants of health (SDoH) in Milwaukee, WI, and statewide reports of inferior...
Rethinking Local and Regional Governance in China: An Institutional Design and Development Perspective

Abstract A key challenge confronting any sizeable country is how to build a unified nation while avoiding the trap of relying on a centralized government and an ossified bureaucracy that fail to address multi-faceted governance issues at varying levels and scales. Using Alexis de Tocqueville's concept of “centralized government, decentralized administrative” as the starting point, this paper examines continuing institutional challenges in contemporary China, focusing on urban governance issues related to government accountability, fitting institutions to types of problems, and encouraging cross-sectoral collaboration. China's patriarchal and authoritarian legacies have shaped the nature of these challenges. To address these challenges, researchers must recognize how these legacies shape contemporary practices and the limits for reform.
PAD Enzymes in Female Reproductive Tissues and Cancer Pathogenesis

Increasing clinical evidence now suggests that peptidyl-arginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes, especially PAD4 and possibly PAD2, have important roles in tumor progression. Further linking PADs and cancer are recent findings showing that treatment of cancer cell lines and mouse models of disease with PAD inhibitors significantly suppresses tumor growth and, interestingly, also inflammation. Current functional target proteins for PAD-catalyzed citrullination in cancer include transcription factors, co-regulators, and histones, the latter of which alter gene expression patterns in multiple cancerous cell lines. As the novel relationship between PADs, inflammation, and cancer unfolds, next-generation isozyme-specific PAD inhibitors may have therapeutic potential to regulate both the inflammatory tumor microenvironment and tumor cell growth. In this chapter we first discuss expression patterns of PADs in reproductive tissues, focusing on their endocrine regulation, as this appears to have major implication for expression, catalytic activity, and tumorigenesis. Next, the chapter details our current understanding of the molecular pathophysiological roles of PADs in cancer. Finally, we discuss the evolving role of PADs in inflammation, in the context of tumorigenesis, with discussion of the potential of new isozyme-specific PAD inhibitors to serve as adjuvant therapy for malignancies.
Immunology of Cancer

Acentral hypothesis in tumor immunology is that the progression of cancer represents, in some measure, a failure of the host immune system to control tumor growth. The belief that immunological control of cancer is possible is commonly accepted among the lay community, but it has not been fully accepted within the medical community. Increasingly, however, host-tumor interactions that affect the progression of cancer are being defined, and clinical trials are providing evidence for the benefit of immunologic therapies.
In vitro digestion and lactase treatment influence uptake of quercetin and quercetin glucoside by the Caco-2 cell monolayer.

Quercetin and quercetin glycosides are widely consumed flavonoids found in many fruits and vegetables. These compounds have a wide range of potential health benefits, and understanding the bioavailability of flavonoids from foods is becoming increasingly important. This study combined an in vitro digestion, a lactase treatment and the Caco-2 cell model to examine quercetin and quercetin glucoside uptake from shallot and apple homogenates. The in vitro digestion alone significantly decreased quercetin aglycone recovery from the shallot digestate (p 0.05). Digestion increased the Caco-2 cell uptake of shallot quercetin-4'-glucoside by 2-fold when compared to the non-digested shallot. Despite the loss of quercetin from the digested shallot, the bioavailability of quercetin aglycone to the Caco-2 cells was the same in both the digested and non-digested shallot. Treatment with lactase increased quercetin recovery from the shallot digestate nearly 10-fold and decreased quercetin-4'-glucoside recovery by more than 100-fold (p < 0.05), but had no effect on quercetin recovery from apple digestates. Lactase treatment also increased shallot quercetin bioavailability to the Caco-2 cells approximately 14-fold, and decreased shallot quercetin-4'-glucoside bioavailability 23-fold (p < 0.05). These Caco-2 cells had lactase activity similar to that expressed by a lactose intolerant human. The increase in quercetin uptake following treatment with lactase suggests that dietary supplementation with lactase may increase quercetin bioavailability in lactose intolerant humans. Combining the digestion, the lactase treatment and the Caco-2 cell culture model may provide a reliable in vitro model for examining flavonoid glucoside bioavailability from foods.
Phosphoproteomics in photosynthetic organisms

As primarily sessile organisms, photosynthetic species survive in dynamic environments by using elegant signaling pathways to manifest molecular responses to extracellular cues. These pathways exploit phosphorylation of specific amino acids (e.g. serine, threonine, tyrosine), which impact protein structure, function, and localization. Despite substantial progress in implementation of phosphoproteomics to understand photosynthetic organisms, researchers still struggle to translate a biological question into an experimental strategy and vice versa. This review evaluates the current status of phosphoproteomics in photosynthetic organisms and concludes with recommendations based on current knowledge.
Exploring Quantum Physics through Hands-On Projects, by D. Prutchi and S.R. Prutchi. Scope: general interest, guide, monograph. Level: pre-university, undergraduates, advanced undergraduates, teachers

Exploring Quantum Physics Through Hands-On Projects, by D. Prutchi and S.R. Prutchi, Hoboken, NJ, Wiley, 2012, 288 pp., £46.95 (paperback), ISBN 978-1-11-814066-6. Scope: general interest, guide, m...
Starbursts Near and Far: An Overview

A survey of the conference participants produced a large list of “key” questions regarding starbursts, with little agreement on which ones are most important. In fact, all of them are of great interest. However, the list shows how viewpoints are shaped by familiar techniques and approaches rather than a broad view of the field. The goal of the conference should therefore be to reconcile views that differ because of the narrowness of our approaches rather than from true scientific uncertainties and limitations. Toward this end, I discuss a number of issues: 1.) the differing optical/UV and infrared views of starbursts; 2.) differing estimates of the effective temperatures of the hot stars; 3.) the mystery of why massive starbursts do not show high effective temperatures; 4.) determination of the initial mass function in starbursts; 5.) the nature of LINERs; and 6.) whether the huge masses deduced for the ISM in starburst regions are correct.
Characteristics of listening environments: benefits of binaural hearing and implications for bilateral management.

Acoustically, a room's boundaries can be thought of as dirty mirrors. By repeated reflections, these mirrors generate multiple sound images whose intensities decrease with increasing distance. The sound energy received from these images (conditioned by the inverse square law and atmospheric absorption) sums with direct sound from the source, but with delays that are directly proportional to distance. For a time-varying signal such as speech, it is important to distinguish between ‘early’ and ‘late’ reflections. Early reflections enhance perception and arrive from fairly well defined directions. Late reflections generate both energetic and informational masking and arrive from all directions. In effect, late reflections create a diffuse, self-generated noise that adds to the noise from other sources. For all sources, there are inter-aural differences in time of arrival, sound pressure level, and spectrum, together with intra- and inter-aural effects of head movement. These differences and effects are a ric...
The association of moral development and moral intensity with music piracy

Prior research has not found a meaningful relationship between digital piracy and moral development, possibly because students do not recognize digital piracy as a moral issue. Rather than measure moral development as an individual characteristic, this study tests which components of moral development are seen as relevant to digital piracy. If some of the stages of moral development are applicable to music piracy behavior, people are more likely to pirate than to engage in other more morally intense behaviors. Some of the stages of moral development are found to be associated with moral development. Proximity to the victim reduces the acceptability of music piracy.
Lost and Found: The Damped Lyα Absorbers in the QSO OI 363*

The galaxy giving rise to the damped Ly? absorbing system with z = 0.221 in the QSO OI 363 has been found. A galaxy that is probably associated with the second damped Ly? absorber (DLA) in the same QSO (z = 0.0912) has also been found. Neither galaxy is very luminous, and neither galaxy shows signs of extensive current star formation, a massive disk, or lots of gas. The impact parameters for both galaxies with respect to the QSO are reasonable. If most DLAs arise in such low-luminosity galaxies, it will be difficult to pick out the correct source galaxy for DLA systems at high redshift, given the large projected areal density on the sky of faint galaxies around distant QSOs.
Team leadership and patient outcomes in US psychiatric treatment settings

Abstract Previous studies suggest that psychiatric patients mirror the behaviors of the staff members who treat them, but there is little empirical evidence about how staff dynamics affect patients over time. The goals of this study were to examine associations between: (1) team leader discipline and mutual respect among treatment team members; and (2) mutual respect among team members and improvements in patient quality of life. Two models were tested on data from psychiatric treatment teams within the US Veterans Administration. The first examined associations between the discipline of each team's emergent leader and the level of mutual respect among that team's members. The second model tested associations between mutual respect among staff and changes over time in patients’ quality of life. The subjects for model 1 were psychiatric staff members ( n = 785 ) whose responses were aggregated for team-level analyses ( n = 78 ). Mutual respect was highest in social worker-led teams and lowest in physician-led teams. The subjects for model 2 were 1638 seriously mentally ill patients in 44 of the units examined in the first model. When mutual respect among staff was greater, patients improved more over time in their satisfaction with the quality of their housing, relations with families, social life, and finances. Together, these analyses imply that mutual respect may improve patient outcomes and that leadership by some disciplines may facilitate such dynamics. In general, leaders may consider learning from other disciplines’ strengths to improve their impact.
Natural Antioxidants as a Component of an Egg Albumen Film in the Reduction of Lipid Oxidation in Cooked and Uncooked Poultry

Egg albumen coatings with natural antioxidants fenugreek, rosemary, and vitamin E were evaluated for their antioxidant activity in diced raw and diced cooked poultry breast meat. Coatings were applied using a vacuum tumbling and a boiling method. Coated samples and uncoated controls were evaluated for their malondialdehyde and reactive substances content as a measure of lipid oxidation via the thiobarbituric acid test. Cooked egg albumen-coated samples showed reactive compound changes of 1.56 x 10 -7 M for 4 d of refrigeration, compared to 1.59 x 10 -6 M change in the cooked control. Raw control changed by 1.97 × 10 -6 M versus 1.67 x 10 -6 M for raw rosemary coated samples. In raw and cooked studies EAS coating showed most effective against lipid oxidation. Cette etude determine l'efficacite de 3 antioxydants naturels dans la prevention de l'oxydation lipidique dans un produit a base de viande de volaille. L'antioxydant est applique au produit en tant que composant d'un enrobage forme par une solution aqueuse de proteine de blanc d'oeuf. Les enrobages d'albumine testes contiennent de la trigonelle, du romarin et de la vitamine E et les echantillons sont evalues pour leurs teneurs en malonaldehyde et en substances reactives pour la mesure de l'oxydation lipidique.
Stability and Trunnion Wear Potential in Large-diameter Metal-on-Metal Total Hips: A Finite Element Analysis

Background Large-diameter femoral heads for metal-on-metal THA hold theoretical advantages of joint stability and low bearing surface wear. However, recent reports have indicated an unacceptably high rate of wear-associated failure with large-diameter bearings, possibly due in part to increased wear at the trunnion interface. Thus, the deleterious consequences of using large heads may outweigh their theoretical advantages.
Studies of Cystic Right Oviducts in Two Strains of White Leghorns

Abstract TWO strains of Single Comb White Leghorns developed at Cornell University, and on which complete records have been kept for many years, have repeatedly shown differences in the incidence of mortality caused by cystic right oviducts. Strain-A females have approximately three times the frequency of deaths caused by cystic right oviducts as do those of Strain B. At autopsy these hens are characterized by excessive weight, large swollen abdomens, and some degree of emaciation. When opened, a large cyst is observed to fill the abdominal cavity (Figure 1). The viscera are usually pushed forward and to the left. A live bird with a large cystic right oviduct shows the same general characteristics and has a penguin-like stance which makes walking difficult (Figure 2). These two strains of Leghorns have been the subject of various other studies in recent years. Gowe (1947 Gowe (1949) found that Strain A was 18 percent lower in…
Research-in-Progress Sessions Create a More Inclusive and Engaging Regional Conference

The Pacific Sociological Association annual meeting recently added a new session type called the Research-in-Progress (RIP) session. The purpose of adding these sessions was to provide an opportunity for attendees to present research still in formative stages of completion in order to get useful feedback. Presentations ranged from doctoral dissertation proposals to nearly completed research. Early experience from RIP session organizers and discussants is that these sessions were lively and engaging, sparking a great deal of audience participation. Feedback from presenters indicated that they received useful feedback. Based on our initial experience with the RIP sessions, we believe they are a beneficial addition to the meetings.
How much will feeding more and wealthier people encroach on forests

IN RECENT DECADES some 50 countries have reported increases in the volume or area of their forests (UN ECE/FAO 2000). These increases, mainly in industrial countries, encourage the vision of a great restoration of nature in the form of a spreading forest canopy. The reforestation supports such a vision even while population continues to grow, albeit at a slowing rate, and the human condition improves. Geographers have dated the onset of reforestation in some areas as early as the nineteenth century and have called it the forest transition (Mather, Fairbairn, and Needle 1999). The realization of the vision of course depends upon many factors, including how people prosper and eat, how farmers till, and how each change of cropland encroaches on forests. Here we examine population and economic growth, eating, and tilling to answer the question: How much will growing crops to feed more and wealthier people encroach on forests between now and 2050? To many, the prospect is dire and the proscription of farming is clear. For example, Ayres (1999) wrote in a millennial issue of Time magazine, “Agriculture is the world’s biggest cause of deforestation, and increasing demand for meat is the biggest force in the expansion of agriculture.” A bird’seye view of the landscape confirms that farming has historically transformed the most acreage, and so we shall concentrate on it, while recognizing that climate change, urban sprawl, and other forces can also change land use and land cover. As for meat, although grazing to produce beef will affect forests, we shall concentrate on the more distinct impact of crops. Crops encompass corn to feed cows, pigs, and chickens as well as wheat, rice, and vegetables for people to eat directly. Poultry and swine depend almost entirely on feed. Cattle, too, have moved toward feedlots. In the United States, for example,
Web Service for extracting Terrain Openness from DEM Data

This paper discusses the implementation of the Terrain Openness parameter as a Web Service. Terrain Openness is a new morphology parameter that emphasizes surface concavities and convexities (Yokoyama et al., 2002) and can be derived directly from a digital elevation model (DEM). It is essentially an angular measure of the relation between surface relief and horizontal distance and can be used as a proxy for topographic curvature. It is not sensitive to noise in the data and has spatial scale built in its definition. However, the Terrain Openness parameter has not been widely used, perhaps because of limited software availability. Implementing it as a Web Service will ensure widest possible accessibility, because the only requirement for the user is an Internet connection and a standard web browser. This is made possible with recent advances in Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), geospatial Web Services, and interoperability technologies. It is implemented within the framework of GeoBrain, an open, interoperable, distributed, standard-compliant, multi-tier web-based geospatial information services and knowledge building system.
How specific is the relation between executive function and theory of mind? Contributions of inhibitory control and working memory

The relation between executive function (EF) and theory of mind (ToM) may involve specific processes of inhibition and/or working memory capacity contributing to ToM, or it might be a reflection of general intellectual ability. To differentiate these alternatives, we administered task batteries measuring inhibitory control (IC), working memory, and ToM, as well as measures of verbal and performance intelligence, to 47 typically developing preschool children. Inhibitory control tasks in which a dominant response needed to be suppressed while a subdominant response was activated (Conflict IC) significantly predicted performance on false belief tasks over and above working memory, the intelligence measures, a simple delay task (Delay IC), and age. In contrast, working memory, Delay IC, and intelligence were not significant in this analysis. Conflict IC, but not Delay IC, was related to working memory. Together, these findings suggest that the combination of inhibition and working memory (as reflected in Conflict IC tasks) may be central to the relation between EF and false belief understanding. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vanadium oxide thin films for bolometric applications deposited by reactive pulsed dc sputtering

Vanadium oxide (VOx) thin films were deposited by reactive pulse dc magnetron sputtering process using a pure vanadium metal target. The structural, microstructure, and electrical properties were correlated as a function of processing parameters such as substrate temperature, Ar:O partial pressures ratios, and pulsed dc power to fabricate these films. The VOx films deposited at various substrate temperatures between 30 and 300°C using a range of oxygen to argon partial pressure ratios exhibited huge variation in their microstructure even though most of them are amorphous to x-ray diffraction technique. In addition, the electrical properties such as temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR), resistivity, and noise levels were influenced by film microstructure. The TCRs of the VOx films were in the range of −1.1%to−2.4%K−1 having resistivity values of 0.1–100Ωcm. In particular, films grown at lower substrate temperatures with higher oxygen partial pressures have shown finer columnar grain structure and ex...
An observable model for the SN2 transition state [1a]. Hypervalent trigonal bipyramidal carbon (10-C-5) [1b]

Dicationic 10-C-5 species 14, formally two-electron oxidation products of 1,8-bis(arylthio)-9-(2,6-dimethoxyaryl)-10-phenylanthracenes, are prepared and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. Evidence is presented for a bis-sulfonium structure containing a hypervalent trigonal bipyramidal (TBP) carbon atom. Dicationic species 14, prepared by the reaction of the appropriate diol with strong acid in liquid sulfur dioxide or sulfurylchlorofluoride, are stable for indefinite periods at room temperature in these solutions. Structural features common to these compounds which stabilize the TBP geometry sufficiently to allow their direct observation are as follows: (a) electronegative apical ligands (sulfonium sulfur atoms), (b) five-membered rings linking each apical position to an equatorial position, (c) geometric constraints built into the tridentate ligand in a pattern designed to stabilize TBP, relative to tetrahedral carbon, (d) three relatively electropositive (sigma-donor) equatorial ligands, which decrease the effective electronegativity of the central carbon atom of the threecenter bond, (e) a strain-free, bidentate π-acceptor equatorial ligand with its π-axis parallel with the electron-rich three-center four-electron bond axis, and (f) possible residual aromaticity (bis-ipso-aromaticity) in the equatorial six-membered ring incorporating the hypervalent carbon atom. A low-temperature19F NMR study of 14b sets an upper limit for ΔG≠−100°C of ca. 4 kcal/mol for a hypothetical process which would interconvert unsymmetrical species 30 and 30′ if such a tautomeric mixture were to represent the structure of 14. Evidence against such a tautomeric equilibrium is adduced from the upfield shift of 0.65 ppm observed for the proton meta to the two methoxyl substituents of dication 14a relative to the comparable proton in 21a, the model dication lacking one of the two arylthio substituents of 14a. This is most easily explained by postulating a nucleophilic interaction of the second thioaryl group in 14 at the hypervalent, 10-C-5 carbon.
Predictors of Child Behavior Problems among Children of Female Vietnam Veterans

This study examined the impacts of intimate partner aggression by female Vietnam veterans and their male partners on their children’s behavior problems (N = 100 children). Veteran and partner psychological distress were also examined as potential mediators of these relationships. Results indicated that physical and psychological aggression perpetration by both the female veteran and the male partner was associated with child behavior problems. Contrary to expectations, psychological distress in the veteran and partner was not associated with child behavior problems and did not mediate the effects of physical and psychological aggression on this outcome.
Effect of oxygen on microstructures of high-rate sputter-deposited Nb3Sn superconductors

The role of excess oxygen and deposition temperature on the microstructure and critical temperature (Tc) has been studied in high-rate, sputter deposited Nb3Sn. Excess oxygen does not significantly affect the grain size of the A15 phase whether it is deposited at low temperature followed by annealing or deposited directly at an elevated temperature. Oxygen does promote the formation of the amorphous phase during deposition at low temperature. During subsequent transformation of material sputter deposited at room temperature, gas bubbles form from the entrapped sputtering gas. Excess oxygen also promotes greater precipitate formation during deposition at elevated temperature. In no case was there a large change in the superconducting transition temperatureTc; however, the microstructural features may have significant effects on the critical current densityJc.
Mixed Chloride/Phosphine Complexes of the Dirhenium Core. 2. New Reactions Involving Dimethylphenylphosphine

Two geometrical isomers of the composition Re2Cl5(PMe2Ph)3, namely 1,2,7 and 1,3,6, have been prepared. The unusual paramagnetic 1,2,7-Re2Cl5(PMe2Ph)3 (1a), the first analogue of the previously reported trimethylphosphine complex 1,2,7-Re2Cl5(PMe3)3, has been synthesized by carrying out the reaction of octachlorodirhenium anions with PMe2Ph in benzene at room temperature. A different reaction product, 1,3,6-Re2Cl5(PMe2Ph)3 (1b), was obtained when [Bun4N]2Re2Cl8 was reacted with PMe2Ph under the same conditions in acetonitrile. Electrochemical studies revealed that both 1a and 1b, as expected for the Re25+ core, are capable of undergoing a one-electron reduction and a one-electron oxidation to yield the respective Re24+ and Re26+ dinuclear complexes. Both processes have been accomplished chemically for the 1,2,7-isomer in the present work. One-electron reduction of 1a by cobaltocene followed by nonredox substitution of a chloride ligand in the resulting anionic species by PMe2Ph affords triply bonded 1,2,7...
IDENTIFICATION OF SERINES 201 AND 209 AS SITES OF PAX3 PHOSPHORYLATION AND THE ALTERED PHOSPHORYLATION STATUS OF PAX3-FOXO1 DURING EARLY MYOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION

Pax3, a member of the paired class homeodomain family of transcription factors, is essential for early skeletal muscle development and is key in the development of the childhood solid muscle tumor alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS). ARMS is primarily characterized by a t(2;13)(q35;q14) chromosomal translocation, which fuses the 5′-coding sequences of Pax3 with the 3′-coding sequence of the forkhead transcription factor FOXO1 generating the oncogenic fusion protein Pax3-FOXO1. We previously demonstrated that Pax3 and Pax3-FOXO1 are phosphorylated by the protein kinase CK2 at serine 205 in proliferating primary myoblasts and that this phosphorylation event is rapidly lost from Pax3, but not Pax3-FOXO1 upon the induction of differentiation. However, reports suggested that additional sites of phosphorylation might be present on Pax3. In this report we use in vitro and in vivo analyses to identify serines 201 and 209 as additional sites of phosphorylation and along with serine 205 are the only sites of phosphorylation on Pax3. We provide solid evidence supporting the role of the protein kinase GSK3β as phosphorylating Pax3 at serine 201. Using phospho-specific antibodies we demonstrate a changing pattern of phosphorylation at serines 201, 205, and 209 throughout early myogenic differentiation and that this pattern of phosphorylation is different for Pax3-FOXO1 in primary myoblasts and in several ARMS cell lines. Taken together, our results allow us to propose a molecular model to describe the changing pattern of phosphorylation for Pax3 and the altered phosphorylation for Pax3-FOXO1 during early myogenic differentiation.
El papel de las TIC en el aula universitaria para la formación en competencias del alumnado

Esta investigaciA³n, realizada con una metodologA­a cualitativa, basada en el estudio de casos, a travA©s de las opiniones recabadas del alumnado de EducaciA³n Primaria del Centro de Magisterio Sagrado CorazA³n, revela que el uso de recursos tecnolA³gicos por parte del profesorado, incide de manera positiva en la formaciA³n por competencias.
P03.04. How to Integrate Traditional Chinese Medicine Into a Western Medical Clinical Practice

Scientific abstracts presented at the International Congress for Clinicians in Complementary & Integrative Medicine 2013 Based on more than 20 years’ clinical experience of integrative medicine in both China and America, using a series of experiential cases mainly of herbs/TCM intervention on kidney diseases and enhancing well-being, and from the perspective as a nephrologist, this paper presents the basic modalities of integrative medicine (IM) by describing the clinical skill of knowing how and when to use herbal/TCM intervention by applying the methodology of “disease-pattern combination” on how to make the drug-herb interaction achieve “mutual enhancement.” This paper also proposed a hypothesis about the “whole food herbal medicine” and discusses the importance of controlling the herb dosage and the cost-effectiveness of herbal remedies. Finally, this paper will share the basic, simpler method with medical doctors on how to learn herbs/TCM step by step.
Republican credentials committee debates, 1952

The nomination of Dwight Eisenhower as standard‐bearer of the Republican Party in 1952 was largely determined by decisions made in the Credentials Committee of the convention. The committee heard arguments from several southern states which had sent conflicting sets of delegates. The debates on these contests provide fertile soil for the analysis of speeches in a situation fraught with tension and singleness of purpose; a situation in which the reward for successful debating was the ultimate control of the Republican Party. This paper analyzes four of the major debates staged by the states of Texas, Florida, Louisiana, and Georgia. The conclusion examines the power relations within these contests and the extent to which the power struggle affected their outcome. Two hypotheses of interest to the rhetorician are inferred from this examination.
INTER-REPETITION INTERVAL IN SHORT-TERM MOTOR MEMORY

Sr~mmary.-An investigation was conducted to ascertain the influence of the duration of the time interval between successive repetitions of a discrete motor movement in a short-term motor memory paradigm. With one repetition a long interval increased error relative to a short interval. The opposite was true for seven repetitions; a long interval improved accuracy. The results were discussed in terms of the "trace shrinkage" hypothesis and compared with those from similar studies using verbal responses. Studies of short-term motor memory are concerned with what variables affect retention of mocor responses and whether these variables yield the same effect on both verbal and motor responses. This effort is prompted by the scientific economy obtained should the two response classes obey the same laws. One variable found to affecc similarly the two response classes is number of repetitions before retention (Hellyer, 1962; Adams & Dijkstra, 1966; Marshall, 1972). There is an inverse relationship between number of presentations and error on retention. Related to this research is that on massed versus distributed practice. With verbal responses distribution of practice has yielded relatively consistent effects over a variety of paradigms. Spacing of repetitions has resulted in clear-cut benefits for continuous paired-associate learning, short-term memory, and freerecall paradigms (Melton, 1970). Of particular interest are the findings of Peterson ( 1963) and Pollatsek (1969), both of whom used the Brown-Peterson ' short-term memory paradigm, wherein Ss were presented a verbal item, counted backwards for a given period of time, after which another presentation of that item occurred. Ss then counted backwards again and after a specified interval were required to recall the item. The results showed that the longer the time between repetitions, the greater the probability that the item would be recalled correctly. The present study was designed to assess the effects of distribution of practice, and number of repetitions in a short-term motor memory task.
Electronic properties of carbon nanotubes calculated from density functional theory and the empirical π -bond model

The validity of the DFT models implemented by FIREBALL for CNT electronic device modeling is assessed. The effective masses, band gaps, and transmission coefficients of semi-conducting, zigzag, (n,0) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) resulting from the ab-initio tight-binding density functional theory (DFT) code FIREBALL and the empirical, nearest-neighbor π-bond model are compared for all semiconducting n values 5≤n≤35. The DFT values for the effective masses differ from the π-bond values by ±9% over the range of n values, 17≤n≤29, most important for electronic device applications. Over the range 13≤n≤35, the DFT bandgaps are less than the empirical bandgaps by 20–180 meV depending on the functional and the n value. The π-bond model gives results that differ significantly from the DFT results when the CNT diameter goes below 1 nm due to the large curvature of the CNT. The π-bond model quickly becomes inaccurate away from the bandedges for a (10,0) CNT, and it is completely inaccurate for n≤8.
A mixed variational formulation for interlaminar stresses in thickness-tapered composite laminates

Abstract Stress fields in laminated plates containing an abrupt thickness taper are determined following Pagano's methodology of using the Hellinger-Reissner functional with the stress components approximated within layers by expressions explicit in the thickness coordinate [Pagano, N. J. (1978). Stress fields in composite laminates. Int. J. Solids Structures 14 , 385–400; Pagano, N. J. (1983). Axisymmetric stress fields in involute bodies of revolution. In Advances in Aerospace Structures, Materials and Dynamics; A Symposium on Composites, AD-06 , (eds U. Yuceoglu, R. L. Sierakowski and D. A. Glasgow) ASME, NY, pp. 57–64]. The Euler equations from the variational principle area set of variable coefficient, differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) in the longitudinal coordinate. Difficulties with the number of differential equations and boundary conditions are resolved. Solution of the system is by higher-order one-step finite difference scheme. Numerical ill-conditioning encountered when modeling layers that are thin relative to other layers in a model was remedied by choosing stress shape functions and displacement weighting functions that are different than those used by Pagano. The example problems discussed are dropped-ply laminates (laminates with terminated internal plies), that are subjected to in-plane compression or shear under the assumption that the response is adequately modeled by generalized plane deformation elasticity.
The influence function method for fracture mechanics and residual fatigue life analysis of cracked components under complex stress fields

Abstract This paper reviews the development and application of an influence function method for calculating stress intensity factors and residual fatigue life for two- and three-dimensional structures with complex stress fields and geometries. Through elastic superposition the method properly accounts for redistribution of stress as the crack grows through the structure. The analytical methods utilized and the computer programs necessary for computation and application of load independent influence functions are presented. A new exact solution is obtained for the buried elliptical crack, under an arbitrary Mode I stress field, for stress intensity factors at four positions around the crack front. The IF method is then applied to two fracture mechanics problems with complex stress fields and geometries. These problems are of current interest to the electric power generating industry and include (1) the fatigue analysis of a crack in a pipe weld under nomial and residual stresses and (2) fatigue analysis of a reactor pressure vessel nozzle corner crack under a complex bivariate stress field.
Social phobia and the persistence of conduct problems

Recent epidemiological studies suggest that both social anxiety and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood might predict levels of delinquent behavior in adolescence. The current study prospectively examines the influence of social phobia and ADHD symptom scale scores on the correlation in conduct disorder symptom scale scores over time. An epidemiologically selected sample of 776 young people living in Upstate New York received DSM-based psychiatric assessments in 1983, 1985, and 1992 using structured interviews. Correlations among conduct disorder scales over time were examined as a function of social phobia and ADHD ratings. Individuals with low scores on social phobia scales or high scores on ADHD scales exhibited the highest correlation in conduct disorder symptom scales over time. There was also a suggestion that low scores on social phobia scales predicted later risk for conduct disorder. Low scores on social phobia symptom scales or high scores on ADHD scales predict stronger across-time correlations in conduct disorder symptom scales. Various cognitive or biological factors might account for these moderating effects on conduct problems.
Material uniformity of CdZnTe grown by low-pressure bridgman

Abstract We have employed Low-Temperature Photoluminescence (LTPL) and Room-Temperature Photoluminescence Mapping (RTPLM) to explore the crystalline quality and material uniformity of Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) radiation detector material grown by the Low-Pressure Bridgman (LPB) technique. We report on the differences in crystalline quality and uniformity of material supplied by eV Products Inc. and IMARAD Imaging Systems Ltd. In addition, we have examined the general detector response of the material supplied by IMARAD. We report on the uniformity of the detector response and the temperature dependence of this response when used as a detector.