cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of charge shape and point of detonation on blast-resistant design

AbstractCharts in technical manuals and standards of practice can be used to compute incident and reflected peak overpressures and scaled impulses generated by a detonation of a high explosive. Design values are reported for spherical free-air bursts and hemispherical surface bursts as a function of scaled distance and angle of incidence, where the charges are detonated at the center of the sphere. This paper describes a numerical study with a verified and validated computational fluid dynamics code that characterizes the influence of charge shape, charge orientation, and the point of detonation within the charge on free-field incident overpressures and impulses. Analyses are performed with cylindrical charges of different aspect ratios and masses, and results are compared with those of a baseline analysis of a spherical charge. In the near field and midfield, charge shape and point of detonation affect the peak overpressure and impulse, providing values that are significantly different from those associa...
Increased Rate of Analysis by Use of a 42-Cuvet GeMSAEC1 Fast Analyzer

Sample analysis rate for a GeMSAEC Fast Analyzer is directly proportional to the number of sample cuvets contained in each rotor. GeMSAEC Fast Analyzers are available having either 15-, 16-, or 30-place rotors. To increase the sample analysis rate, an advanced GeMSAEC Fast Analyzer has been designed and fabricated that uses a 42-place rotor. The 42-place rotor, in order to accommodate the increased number of cuvets, is a modified enlargement of the previously described 15-place rotor [N. G. Anderson, Science 166, 317(1969)]. The hardware of the 42-place system is fully compatible with the existing GeMSAEC computer module, and existing software used in the 15-place system has been modified for use with the 42-place system. Results obtained for various chemical and enzymatic analyses are discussed.
The Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Healing Rabbit Patellar Tendon

Central third bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) autografts are commonly used for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions. Following surgery, complications arise at the donor site, including extension deficits and anterior knee pain [1]. These complications are partially caused by inadequate healing of the patellar tendon (PT) as well as adhesions in the anterior interval. Recent clinical data have suggested these are contributing factors in the early development of osteoarthrosis following ACL reconstruction [2]. Thus, it is necessary to understand the changes in mechanical and viscoelastic behavior in the healing PT.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
A simple ball averager for reference sphere calibrations

When measuring the form errors of precision optics with an interferometer, calibration of the reference wavefront is of central importance. In recent years, ball averaging, or random ball testing, has emerged as a robust method for calibrating spherical reference wavefronts in converging beams. We describe a simple instrument, consisting of an air bearing and two electric motors, that can rotate the test ball around three axes as required for a ball averaging test. The performance of the instrument is demonstrated by using it to calibrate a concave transmission sphere. Further we discuss the effects of image sampling at random locations or on uniform grids, and the effect of correlated measurements. Finally, we describe a method to determine the number of measurements which are sufficient for a ball averaging calibration.
Software requirements and architecture modeling for evolving non-secure applications into secure applications

This paper describes an approach to modeling the evolution of non-secure applications into secure applications in terms of the software requirements model and software architecture model. The requirements for security services are captured separately from application requirements, and the security services are encapsulated in connectors in the software architecture, separately from the components providing functional services. The enterprise architecture is described in terms of use case models, static models, and dynamic models. The software architecture is described in terms of components and connectors, which can be deployed to distributed configurations. By separating application concerns from security concerns, the evolution from a non-secure application to a secure application can be achieved with less impact on the application. An electronic commerce system is described to illustrate the approach.
Adaptive Significance of Reproductive Cycles in the Fiddler Crab Uca pugilator: A Hypothesis

Semimonthly peaks in courtship behavior of male crabs coincide with peaks in the temporal distribution of receptive females. Females mate once each month, 4 to 5 days before one of the semimonthly spring tides. The relation of the time of reproduction to tide cycles may be an adaptation to increase to a maximum the probability that the final stage of the planktonic larvae will be transported by tidal currents to substrates suitable for adults.
Effect of streptavidin-biotin on endothelial vasoregulation and leukocyte adhesion.

Abstract The current study examines whether the adhesion promoting arginine–glycine–aspartate–streptavidin mutant (RGD–SA) also affects two important endothelial cell (EC) functions in vitro: vasoregulation and leukocyte adhesion. EC adherent to surfaces via fibronectin (Fn) or Fn plus RGD–SA were subjected to laminar shear flow and media samples were collected over a period of 4 h to measure the concentration of nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin (PGI 2 ), and endothelin-1 (ET-1). Western blot analysis was used to quantify the levels of endothelial-derived nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and cyclooxygenase II (COX II). In a separate set of experiments, fluorescent polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) adhesion to EC was quantified for EC with and without exposure to flow preconditioning. When cell adhesion was supplemented with the SA–biotin system, flow-induced production of NO and PGI 2 increased significantly relative to cells adherent on Fn alone. Previous exposure of EC to shear flow also significantly decreased PMN attachment to SA–biotin supplemented EC, but only after 2 h of exposure to shear flow. The observed decrease in PMN–EC adhesion was negated by N G -nitro- l -arginine methyl ester ( l -NAME), an antagonist of NO synthesis, but not by indomethacin, an inhibitor to PGI 2 synthesis, indicating the induced effect of PMN–EC interaction is primarily NO-dependent. Results from this study suggest that the use of SA–biotin to supplement EC adhesion encourages vasodilation and PMN adhesion in vitro under physiological shear-stress conditions. We postulate that the presence of SA–biotin more efficiently transmits the shear-stress signal and amplifies the downstream events including the NO and PGI 2 release and leukocyte–EC inhibition. These results may have ramifications for reducing thrombus-induced vascular graft failure.
Numerical transmission probabilities and the oscillatory photo-induced field emission current: static and dynamic image charge effects

Abstract Numerical calculations are reported for the transmission probability of electrons incident upon a model potential barrier typically used in discussing electron emission from metal surfaces. These calculations are utilized in an attempt to explain the unexpected oscillatory photocurrent which was observed in a previous study of the electric field dependence of the photoinduced field emission current. Transmission resonances are observed in these calculations and a simple theory is described which adequately accounts for the electric field strengths at which these resonances occur. An important result of these calculations is that the model potential barrier given by V(x) = −eFx − ( 1 4πϵ 0 )( e 2 4x ) cannot explain the oscillatory behavior of the photo-field current. Arguments are presented which question the static nature of the image charge potential employed in this simple model and a modification is introduced which incorporates in a very approximate fashion the time dependence involved in the formation of the image charge potential. Calculations based on this model correctly predict the periodicity of the observed oscillations and give a frequency which is in reasonable agreement with the measured value.
A Case of Heroin Induced Sensorineural Hearing Loss

A case of a 31-year-old male who developed profound sensorineural hearing loss following a heroin overdose is presented. The patient subsequently had a full recovery of his hearing. Other cases of this rare phenomenon are reviewed and management options are discussed.
Reclothing the Emperor while avoiding ideological polarisation: A comment on Roger Ballard's essay

(1993). Reclothing the Emperor while avoiding ideological polarisation: A comment on Roger Ballard's essay. New Community: Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 336-347.
Frozen-fractured images of blood capillaries in heart tissue.

The ultrastructure of the mammalian heart capillary has been studied with the technique of freeze-etching which lends itself as a very useful method for studies designed to investigate the specialized surface features of the endothelial plasma membrane. Plasmalemmal invaginations have been shown to populate the endothelial membrane by many investigators using conventional procedures of electron microscopy (chemical fixation and plastic embedding). The method of freezeetching, however, allows a more critical evaluation of the organization and frequency of micropinocytotic vesicles over both connective tissue and luminal surfaces of the endothelium especially in replicas which present large areas of the endothelial plasma membrane in en face views. The frequency of vesicles over the endothelial surface varies considerably from one square micron of the surface to another. However, when large areas of the endothelium are taken into consideration the frequency and distribution of vesicles for both the connective tissue front and the luminal surface of the endothelium are very similar. This observation is discussed in light of current morphological and tracer studies using conventional preparatory procedures for electron microscopy. The three-dimensional relationship of the various tunics comprising the blood capillary and its relationship to the adjoining connective tissue and muscle fibers in heart tissue is also considered.
Delivering long-term care: lessons from the developed world.

Many countries have now experienced the demographic revolution of an aging population and responded to it. Lessons can be derived from the similarities and differences across these nations; some similarities are attributable to ef­ forts to import and adapt approaches developed elsewhere, while some differences reflect basic national ethics and beliefs about how general issues of human services should be handled. This overview will examine the provision of services for the dependent elderly by examining a series of themes that transcend national bound­ aries. Different countries have responded to these themes differently to create a mosaic of long-term care programs; nonetheless, each country must confront these issues, which in­ clude the current and expected relationship be­ tween aging and disability, the role of govern­ ment , a strategy of providing protection through pensions or services, the implications of a mar­ keting usa service paradigm for human services, the place of nursing homes and other institu­ tions (and conversely, the role of community care), the need for care givers (both formal and informal), the links between acute and chronic care, the need for rationing and for case man­ agement, and the use of regulation.
Enhancement of repair replication in mammalian cells by hydroxyurea

The effect of hydroxyurea on DNA repair replication has been studied in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Mitotic cells were treated with UV irradiation, methyl methanesulfonate or nitrogen mustard and incuated in the presence of each of the 4 [3H] deoxyribonucleosides plus BrdUrd and FdUrd for 2 h. The amount of repair replication was quantitated on CsCl gradients and similar values were obtained for each nucleoside. In all cases addition of HU during the incubation period increased these values approximately 2-fold. Following MMS treatment, pool sizes for each of the nucleosides were estimated by varying the amount of exogenously supplied nucleoside. They were found to be insensitive to the addition of HU and it is concluded that the increased incorporation of [3H]deoxyribonucleosides in the presence of HU reflects an increased amount of repair replication.
Arabidopsis gene expression changes during cyst nematode parasitism revealed by statistical analyses of microarray expression profiles

With the availability of microarray technology, the expression profiles of thousands of genes can be monitored simultaneously to help determine the mechanisms of these biological processes. We conducted Affymetrix GeneChip microarray analyses of the Arabidopsis-cyst nematode interaction and employed a statistical procedure to analyze the resultant data, which allowed us to identify significant gene expression changes. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR assays were used to confirm the microarray analyses. The results of the expression profiling revealed 128 genes with altered steady-state mRNA levels following infection by the sugar beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii; BCN), in contrast to only 12 genes that had altered expression following infection by the soybean cyst nematode (H. glycines; SCN). The expression of these 12 genes also changed following infection by BCN, i.e. we did not identify any genes regulated exclusively by SCN. The identification of 116 genes whose expression changes during successful cyst nematode parasitism by BCN suggests a potential involvement of these genes in the infection events starting with successful syncytium induction. Further characterization of these genes will permit the formulation of testable hypotheses to explain successful cyst nematode parasitism.
Theory of atom-diatom reactive scattering based on the distorted-wave Born approximation

The transition-amplitude matrix element within the distorted-wave Born approximation is expanded in terms of the transferred rotational angular momentum in atom-diatom reactive scattering. A full three-dimensional treatment of the reactive scattering is retained in the derivation of differential and total cross sections.
Buckling of a stud-supported thin cylindrical liner shell encased in concrete☆

The problem of a point-supported liner shell encased in a rigid cylindrical cavity is studied. The large displacement equations are developed, and the resulting non-linear equations are solved in closed form for an assumed buckling wave. The analytical model is specialized to the case of the ring or infinite cylinder under circumferential strain, and is compared to published results. Complete load displacement curves are presented for the ring or cylinder with a predominate circumferential strain, and for the axisymmetric response or cylindrical shells under an axial load. The results of this study can be used to determine the spacings of point supports for cylindrical liner shells.
Calpain expression and infiltration of activated T cells in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis over time: increased calpain activity begins with onset of disease

Abstract Calpain activity and expression at the protein level were examined in inflammatory cells, activated microglia, and astrocytes prior to or at onset of symptomatic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS). EAE was induced in Lewis rats by injection of guinea pig spinal cord homogenate and myelin basic protein (MBP) emulsified with Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA). Calpain translational expression, determined by Western blot and immunocytochemistry, was correlated with calpain activity, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and myelin loss at 2–11 days following challenge with antigen. Controls (CFA only) did not show any changes over time in these parameters and very few changes (CD11 + microglia/mononuclear phagocytes) were seen in either group from days 2 to 8 post-induction. In contrast, from days 9 to 11, the animals that developed the disease (at least grade 1) demonstrated extensive cellular infiltration (CD4 + , CD25 + , and CD11 + ) as well as increased calpain expression (content) and activity. This study demonstrates that cell infiltration and increased calpain activity do not begin in the CNS until the onset of clinical signs.
Isavuconazole Treatment of a Patient with Disseminated Mucormycosis

We report a patient with relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation who developed disseminated mucormycosis due to Rhizomucor pusillus/R. miehei involving lung, brain, and skin. After failing posaconazole and being intolerant to amphotericin, he was treated effectively with isavuconazole for over 6 months despite ongoing treatment for relapsed leukemia.
Vitamin D Supplementation: What's Known, What to Do, and What's Needed

The use of vitamin D supplements to prevent and treat a wide range of illnesses has increased substantially over the last decade. Epidemiologic evidence links vitamin D deficiency to autoimmune disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, depression, dementia, infectious diseases, musculoskeletal decline, and more. The Institute of Medicine published an exhaustive report in 2010 that concluded that vitamin D supplementation for indications other than musculoskeletal health was not adequately supported by evidence and that most North Americans receive sufficient vitamin D from their diet and sun exposure. These conclusions are at odds with some clinical practice guidelines; thus, we sought to summarize the best available evidence regarding the benefits of vitamin D supplementation, to examine the potential risks, and to provide practical dosing advice. The adequacy of vitamin D stores is determined by measuring the 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum concentrations. The demarcations between deficiency (< 20 ng/ml), insufficiency (20–30 ng/ml), and optimal (30–80 ng/ml) serum concentrations are controversial. Vitamin D in doses of 800–5000 IU/day improve musculoskeletal health (e.g., reduces the rate of fractures and falls in older adults (aged ≥ 65 yrs). In patients with documented vitamin D deficiency, a cumulative dose of at least 600,000 IU administered over several weeks appears to be necessary to replenish vitamin D stores. Single large doses of 300,000–500,000 IU should be avoided. Vitamin D supplementation should not be offered routinely to other patient populations. Although results from some prospective clinical trials are promising, most have not been robustly designed and executed. The decision by young, otherwise healthy adults to take vitamin D in doses of 2000 IU/day or lower is unlikely to cause harm. For patients who are not at risk for developing vitamin D deficiency, sensible sun exposure is an inexpensive and enjoyable way to maintain vitamin D stores.
Passive air defense threat detection and location for UAV swarms based on dynamic Bayesian networks

This article introduces an algorithm for passive detection and location of air defense threats, based on dynamic Bayesian networks. The algorithm can be applied to mobile robot swarms and uses data on the loss of communication with a UAV for the detection and location of passive enemy air defense threats. The article describes the algorithm and illustrates its work by example.
In vitro responses of different Armillaria taxa to gallic acid, tannic acid and ethanol

Twenty-one isolates from four Northern Hemisphere species of Armillaria (A. mellea, A. ostoyae, A. bulbosa. and the unnamed North American Group V) and two Southern Hemisphere species (A. luteobubalina and A. novae-zelandiae) were grown on media with or without ethanol. gallic acid, or tannic acid. Ethanol increased dry weights for all isolates except one of A. bulbosa and colony diameters for all isolates of the Northern Hemisphere species except one of North American Group V. Ethanol decreased colony diameters for some isolates of the Southern Hemisphere species. Rhizomorph production increased for most isolates of Northern Hemisphere species on medium amended with tannic acid rather than gallic acid and on ethanol-amended medium with or without gallic acid. Both Southern Hemisphere species formed rhizomorphs in abundance, regardless of the medium. For most isolates colony diameters and dry weights were reduced by gallic acid, with or without ethanol. but were increased by tannic acid, with or without ethanol. Acid and ethanol effects on colony weights and diameters were not consistent, however, and variation among isolates within each species was great enough for these media to be of little value in distinguishing among the species. Newly defined species of Armillaria have thus retained the attribute of extensive variation in cultural characteristics that is a feature of A. mellea, sensu lato, which necessitates evaluating the responses of several isolates before determining effects of any compound on growth of any species.
UNDERSTANDING ULTRAVIOLET EMITTER PERFORMANCE USING INTENSITY DEPENDENT TIME-RESOLVED PHOTOLUMINESCENCE

Time-resolved photoluminescence studies of nitride semiconductors and ultraviolet light emitters comprised of these materials are performed as a function of pump intensity as a means of understanding and evaluating device performance. Comparison of time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) on UV LED wafers prior to fabrication with subsequent device testing indicate that the best performance is attained from active regions that exhibit both reduced nonradiative recombination due to saturation of traps associated with point and extended defects and concomitant lowering of radiative lifetime with increasing carrier density. Similar behavior is observed in optically pumped UV lasers. Temperature and intensity dependent TRPL measurements on a new material, AlGaN containing nanoscale compositional inhomogeneities (NCI), show that it inherently combines inhibition of nonradiative recombination with reduction of radiative lifetime, providing a potentially higher efficiency UV emitter active region.
Constitutive model for rock fractures: Revisiting Barton's empirical model

Abstract Barton's original model is modified in order to address the following limitations: the peak shear displacement is independent of normal stress and is zero for sawed fractures; for post-peak shear strength, Barton suggested a zero mobilized Joint Roughness Coefficient (JRC) after 100 times the peak shear displacement; Barton assumed zero dilation displacement at up to one-third of peak shear displacement. In this study, a database of results of direct shear tests available in the literature was collected and analyzed. An empirical equation is introduced to predict peak shear displacement, which considers the effect of normal stress and works for all types of rock discontinuities, even sawed fractures. The post-peak mobilized JRC can be obtained using a power-base equation, instead of employing Barton's table. This new empirical equation for post-peak mobilized JRC works for all ranges of displacements. The modified model can predict negative compressive dilatancy at small shear displacements.
Answers and questions: processing messages and queries

This paper describes issues in adapting the PUNDIT system, designed originally for message processing, to a query-answering system for the VOYAGER application. The resulting system, whose architecture and capabilities are described here, represents a first step towards our goal of demonstrating spoken language understanding in an interactive problem-solving context.
The Scope of some Inflectional Elements in Korean Coordination

The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis of the scope of some inflectional categories in coordinate constructions in Korean. The inflectional elements to be investigated here include tense, aspect, and modality morphemes.
Presence of Myoglobin in "Cartilage" of the Marine Snail Busycon

The odontophore of the snail Busycon has been found to contain myoglobin. The red pigment is readily extracted with water, and spectrophotometric analysis shows the characteristic peaks of myoglobin at 575 and 539 mµ. Although the odontophore is considered to be cartilaginous, it contains, not a chondroitin sulfate, but a polyhexose sulfate. This unusual chemical composition may be responsible for the absorption of myoglobin by the odontophore.
Evaluating seasonal variation in mineral concentration of cool‐season pasture herbage

Pasture herbage is a major source of minerals for livestock in pasture-based production systems. Herbage mineral concentrations vary throughout the growing season, whereas mineral supplementation to livestock is often constant. The study objectives were to analyse the seasonal variation in herbage mineral concentrations in tall fescue [Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub]-based pasture with regard to beef cattle mineral requirements and to create a statistical model to predict variation in herbage mineral concentrations across the growing season. Pasture herbage was analysed from 12 grazing systems in Virginia to determine its mineral concentration from April to October of 2008–2012. The pasture herbage, grown without fertilization, contained adequate macronutrient concentrations to meet the requirements of dry beef cows through the growing season and the requirements of lactating beef cows in April. Phosphorus supplementation appeared to be unnecessary for dry beef cows given adequate concentrations in pasture herbage. A model using month of harvest, soil moisture and relative humidity explained 75% of the variation in an aggregated mineral factor. The 90% prediction intervals indicated that N, P, K, S and Cu concentrations could be predicted within 1·35, 0·08, 0·80 and 0·07% and 3·83 mg kg−1 respectively. Prediction of herbage mineral concentrations could help to improve livestock health, reduce costs to producers and limit nutrient losses to the environment.
Solution of the self-consistent field model for polymer adsorption by genetic algorithms

A Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to solve the equations of the self-consistent field model for polymer adsorption on a surface. The solution is cast as an optimization problem and a GA is used as a function optimizer to solve this problem. Comparison is made with a traditional gradient-based approach. It was found that convergence properties will improve if the GA is cascaded with a gradient search method. This cascaded search method guarantees convergence from any random initial population of guesses and does not need insight into the physics of the problem.
What happens to terrestrial organic matter in the ocean

Abstract Each year rivers transport approximately 0.25×10 15 g of dissolved ( μ m) organic carbon (DOC) and 0.15×10 15 g of particulate (>0.5 μ m) organic carbon (POC) from continents to the ocean. Global discharge of riverine DOC is sufficient alone to sustain turnover of the entire pool of organic carbon dissolved in seawater. Similarly, the input of terrestrial POC by rivers is adequate to supply all the organic carbon buried in marine sediments. Because riverine organic matter consists of highly degraded, nitrogen-poor remains of terrestrial organisms, it might be expected to suffer minimal respiration in the ocean. One of the biggest mysteries in the global carbon cycle, therefore, is that only a small fraction of the organic matter dissolved in seawater and preserved in marine sediments appears to be land-derived. Either our global budgets and distribution estimates are greatly in error, or both dissolved and particulate organic matter of terrestrial origin suffer rapid and remarkably extensive remineralization at sea. Although many uncertainties remain, recent studies provide growing evidence for destruction of both dissolved and particulate terrestrial organic matter in the ocean. The mechanisms by which these huge masses of organic materials might be so rapidly oxidized following discharge are largely unknown. This report focuses on the transport and transformations of land-derived organic matter in the ocean, highlighting recent research on the patterns and processes involved.
Induction immunosuppression for orthotopic heart transplantation: a review.

Objectives—To describe the appropriateness and safety of induction immunosuppression for patients at risk for fatal rejection, and to describe the safety and effectiveness profiles of the induction regimens available in the United States.Data Sources—MEDLINE/PubMed database, EMBASE database, Google Scholar; references from pertinent articles were also reviewed to identify additional data.Study Selection—A systematic literature review from January 1, 1980, through June 30, 2008, was performed. Included articles ranged from case series to prospective randomized controlled double-blind placebo-controlled trials that detailed the following topics with respect to induction immunosuppression: risk of fatal rejection, renal sparing, malignancy, OKT3, rabbit or equine antithymocyte globulin, daclizumab, basiliximab, and alemtuzumab.Results—Patients at highest risk for fatal rejection experienced a survival benefit from induction immunosuppression, whereas all other patients experienced no benefit or harm. Most of...
A Comparison of the Cerebrovascular and Metabolic Effects of Halothane and Isolflurane in the Cat

Halothane is a well known cerebral vasodilator that can produce dangerous increases in intracranial pressure (ICP) in certain neurosurgical patients. It has been suggested that isoflurane may be a less potent cerebral vasodilator. The authors therefore undertook a direct comparison of the effects of halothane and isoflurane on cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral vascular resistance (CVR), intracranial pressure, and cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2). Studies were carried out in normocarbic mechanically ventilated cats, using the intracarotid 133Xe injection technique to measure CBF. The effects of three doses were examined: 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 MAC, studied in the continued presence of 75% N2O. Autoregulation also was tested at 1.0 MAC (plus 75% N2O) by recording CBF and CVR before and after elevation of blood pressure with angiotensin. Both agents had similar effects on blood pressure and ICP. However, while halothane produced significant increases in CBF at all doses, with values of 61 +/- 5 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1 (123 +/- 8% of control, mean +/- SE) at 1.0 MAC, isoflurane anesthesia caused no significant changes in CBF at any level, (e.g., 48 +/- 8 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1 or 94 +/- 12% of control at 1.0 MAC). Both drugs produced dose-related decreases in CVR, but the changes were greater with halothane, e.g., CVR at 1.0 MAC halothane = 1.46 +/- 0.20 mmHg X ml-1 X 100 g X min (47 +/- 7% of control) compared with 2.23 +/- 0.40 mmHg X ml-1 X 100 g X min (72 +/- 9% of control).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Resonant hemispherical dielectric antenna

An antenna consisting of a resonant dielectric hemisphere on top of a ground plane is investigated. Calculations of the internal and external fields are made with emphasis on the lowest-order mode that results in efficient radiation in the direction perpendicular to the ground plane. Measured input impedance data are also presented for a practical radiator.
Optically-detected charge density dynamics in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs)

Electro-modulation (EM) is used to measure interfacial hole densities in operating OLEDs. This in-situ optical probe has provided us with a measure of relative hole and electron currents in a wide range of OLED structures. Insight to the dynamics of interfacial hole densities allows an assessment of the longterm stability of electron-hole balance, and therefore helps greatly with the identification of electroluminescence (EL) degradation mechanisms. Here, we limit the investigation to NPB/AlQ3 OLEDs, but note that the technique is versatile, and can be readily adapted to a wide range OLED structures, especially those comprising arylamine -based hole transport materials and interlayers.
Online inspection system dedicated for OPC drum production

This paper describes an on-line inspection system especially dedicated for the OPC drum production line. This inspection system can be divided into three portions. The first one is the automatic robot that enables the OPC drums to enter the inspection area successively and gives an indication of the test result to the operator. The second is the image capture system that is comprised of an optical module and an A/D converter board. The A/D converter board digitizes the image and transfers the image data for further processing. The third portion is the personal computer having a dedicated algorithm that processes the image data and transmits the test result to the robot immediately. The robot also can be operated either by automatic or manual operations and has some safety designs to prevent the operator from being injured. Due to the complexity of coating surface, the inspection algorithm has been developed to adapt for various flaws of the OPC drum. Except for a few of the low contrast spots, most of the defects can be identified effectively by this inspection system. This inspection system is available not only for OPC drum but has potential for the other industrial applications as well.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The ecology and macroecology of mammalian home range area.

Abstract: Although many studies employ allometric relationships to demonstrate possible dependence of various traits on body mass, the relationship between home range size and body mass has been perhaps the most difficult to understand. Early studies demonstrated that carnivorous species had larger home ranges than herbivorous species of similar mass. These studies also argued that scaling relations (e.g., slopes) of the former were steeper than those of the latter and explained this in terms of the distribution of food resources, which are more uniformly distributed for most herbivores than for carnivores. In contrast to these studies, we show that scaling relations of home ranges for carnivorous mammals do not differ significantly from those of herbivorous and omnivorous species and that all three exhibit slopes that are significantly steeper than predicted on the basis of energetic requirements. We also demonstrate that home range size is constrained to fit within a polygonal constraint space bounded b...
Light-dependent cytotoxicity of fluoranthene: Oxygen-dependent membrane damage

Abstract Fluoranthene, in the presence of ultraviolet light (300–400 nm) induces the hemolysis of human erythrocytes. The absence of photohemolysis under anaerobic conditions proves that a photodynamic process is responsible for the light-dependent cytotoxicity.
Feasibility and safety of string wireless capsule endoscopy in the diagnosis of esophageal varices.

Feasibility and Safety of String Wireless Capsule Endoscopy in the Diagnosis of Esophageal Varices
Establishing Access to Technology: An Evaluation and Intervention Model to Increase the Participation of Children with Cerebral Palsy

Children with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy often have significant physical limitations that prevent exploration and full participation in the environment. Assistive technology systems can provide opportunities for children with physical limitations to interact with their world, enabling play, communication, and daily living skills. Efficient access to and control of the technology is critical for successful use; however, establishing consistent access is often difficult because of the nature of the movement patterns exhibited by children with cerebral palsy. This article describes a 3-phase model of evaluation and intervention developed and used by Assistive Technology Services at the Aaron W. Perlman Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, to establish successful access to technology systems in children with cerebral palsy.
Properties of Escherichia coli grown in deuterated media.

The effects on a number of parameters of transferringEscherichia coli between protonated and deuterated media were studied; these included growth, oxygen consumption and the synthesis of DNA, RNA, total protein, and β-galactosidase. Similar measurements were made on cells fully adapted to growth on deuterated media. The amino acid compositions of deuterated and protonated cellular protein were similar, but in deuterated cells the ratio protein: DNA was doubled. Deutero- and protio-β-galactosidase had similarK M values and turnover numbers in D2O and H2O. The kinetics of β-galactosidase synthesis were not changed by deuteration, but it was found that lower concentrations of inducer were required to achieve particular levels of induction. Brief exposure to inducer in one medium, followed by removal of inducer and expression of enzyme-forming-potential in either D2O or H2O, showed that mRNA synthesized by deuterated cells was translated equally well in both media. mRNA synthesized by protonated cells was translated about twice as efficiently in H2O. Inducible strains (but not a regulator constitutive) lost the capacity to synthesize enzymically active β-galactosidase after more than 100 generations in D2O-acetate. The defect persisted when such cells were grown in H2O-acetate, but enzyme activity was restored by growth in H2O-glycerol. The failure to produce active enzyme was not due to a failure of the induction mechanism; gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of an inactive protein species. The nature of adaptation to deuteration is discussed.
Semiconductor surface device physics

Semiconductor materials are a fundamental part of the education of electronic sclentlsts and engmeers While chemists, physic&s and material scientists are familiar mth these materials,, then education does not require as detailed a knowledge as 1s needed by the electronic scientists and en@neers Since so many of the electromc device structures to be discussed durmg the course of this Institute are based on either an rnterfaclal phenomena occurrmg unthm the device or some operational charactenstlc of the device, it 1s quite appropriate to review first the propertles of semiconductors which relate to their current or potential use None of this material 1s new and the interested reader 1s referred to the many excellent texts and monographs avtiable m the literature for a more thorough and detailed dlscusslon As a convenience, a selected bibliography 1s provided After revlewmg semiconductor materials with an emphasis on density of states, a number of results describing surface electronic behavior are examined The role of trappmg states and/or other defects at the semiconductor-insulator interface 1s considered Fmally, the basic equations for p-n Junctions, metal oxide-semiconductor (MOS), field effect transistors (MOSFETs), and gate controlled diodes (GCD) are discussed.
Biochemical characterization of the pancreatic cholecystokinin receptor: a possible marker of cell differentiation and development.

The biochemical expression of the cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor on the surface of the pancreatic acinar cell is a potential marker of the state of differentiation of that cell. In this report we review the basis for and the results of the use of affinity labeling techniques for the biochemical characterization of this macromolecular receptor assembly on the adult rat pancreatic acinar cell. A series of specially designed molecular probes are used to define the subunit structure of this receptor, based on the relationships between the sites of covalent attachment of these probes and their receptor-binding domains. We suggest that the receptor-binding domain resides on a Mr = 85.000-95.000 subunit. whereas a distinct Mr = 80.000 also exists as part of this complex.
Single-step induction of mammary adenocarcinoma in transgenic mice bearing the activated c-neu oncogene

We have used transgenic mice that carry an activated c-neu oncogene driven by a mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter to assess the stepwise progression of carcinogenesis in mammary epithelium. Unlike the stochastic occurrence of solitary mammary tumors in transgenic mice bearing the MMTV/c-myc or the MMTV/v-Ha-ras oncogenes, transgenic mice uniformly expressing the MMTV/c-neu gene develop mammary adenocarcinomas that involve the entire epithelium in each gland. Because these tumors arise synchronously and are polyclonal in origin, expression of the activated c-neu oncogene appears to be sufficient to induce malignant transformation in this tissue in a single step. In contrast, expression of the c-neu transgene in the parotid gland or epididymis leads to benign, bilateral epithelial hypertrophy and hyperplasia which does not progress to full malignant transformation during the observation period. These results indicate that the combination of activated oncogene and tissue context are major determinants of malignant progression and that expression of the activated form of c-neu in the mammary epithelium has particularly deleterious consequences.
The singular set of an energy minimizing map fromB 4 toS 2

The singular set of an energy minimizing map from a four dimensional domain toS2 consists locally of a finite set and a finite union of Holder continuous curves.
Differential localization by in situ hybridization of distinct keratin mRNA species during intestinal epithelial cell development and differentiation.

Abstract The distribution of the major keratin mRNAs expressed during terminal differentiation and fetal development of the rat intestinal epithelium has been examined by in situ hybridization. We have obtained and characterized a partial cDNA clone encoding human keratin 20 whose sequence spans from the coil la region through the 3′poly(A) tail. Sequence data and immunoblot analysis demonstrated that keratin 20 is the human homologue of the rat keratin 21, suggesting the existence of a single type I keratin specifically expressed by differentiated intestinal epithelial cells. Four cRNA probes, specific for keratins 8, 18, 19, and 20 respectively, were prepared and found to specifically hybridize with their respective mRNA species from total intestinal RNA preparations. Analysis of frozen tissue sections by in situ hybridization revealed that, in the adult intestine, keratin 18 and 19 mRNAs are restricted to the region of the crypts, keratin 8 mRNA is found along the entire crypt-villus axis, and keratin 20 mRNA is expressed only by the differentiated villus cells. This pattern is established late during fetal rat intestinal development: in the undifferentiated stratified epithelium present at 16 days gestation (16dg) mRNAs coding for keratins 8, 18, and 19 are expressed by all epithelial cells and keratin 20 mRNA is absent. Upon completion of villus formation at 20dg (2 days before birth) keratin 18 and 19 mRNAs become strictly confined to cells at the base of the nascent villi and we observed the appearance of keratin 20 mRNA which, like keratin 8 mRNA, is expressed by the entire epithelium. These results strongly suggest that transcriptional regulation of keratin genes in the intestinal epithelium occurs at the level of both immature and terminally differentiated epithelial cells, and is tightly regulated during both fetal development and crypt-to-villus differentiation of the intestinal epithelium.
Steroid effects of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from bovine corpora lutea

Abstract 1. 1. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) purified from the supernatant fraction of bovine corpora lutea has been used to demonstrate that estradiol-17α, estradiol-17β and pregnenolone at high concentrations are uncompetitive inhibitors of this enzyme with respect to NADP+. Estradiol-17α demonstrated greater inhibition than the 17β-isomer. No effect of 1 μM estrone, estradiol-17β, estriol, diethylstilbestrol, dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate, androsterone, androstenedione, testosterone and progesterone on activity was observed. 2. 2. NADP+ at physiologic concentrations stabilized the enzyme while NAD+ did not. Removal of bound NADP+ caused inactivation which could be reversed by exposure to 5.0 μM NADP+. This reactivation was not retarded by estradiol-17α, estradiol-17β or dehydroisoandrosterone. 3. 3. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in the crude supernatant fraction of porcine anterior pituitary was unaffected by estradiol-17β concentrations as high as 10−5 M. 4. 4. These observations militate against inactivation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase as an important mechanism of steroid action in vivo.
Experimental Investigation of Statistically Steady Rayleigh-Taylor Mixing at High Atwood Numbers

In the present work, a novel gas channel experiment was used to study the non-equilibrium development of high Atwood number Rayleigh-Taylor mixing. Two gas streams, one containing air and the other containing a Helium-Air mixture, flow parallel to each other separated by a thin splitter plate. The streams meet at the end of the splitter plate leading to the formation of an unstable interface and initiation of buoyancy driven mixing. This buoyancy driven mixing experiment allows for long data collection times, short transients and was statistically steady. The facility was capable of large Atwood number studies (At ∼ 0.75). Here, we describe recent work to measure the self similar evolution of mixing at large density differences (At ∼ 0.1). Diagnostics include a constant temperature Hot Wire anemometer, and high resolution thermocouple measurements. The Hot Wire probe gives velocity statistics of the mixing layer. A multi-position single-wire technique was used to measure the velocity fluctuations in three mutually perpendicular directions. Analysis of the measured data was used to explain the structure of mixing as it develops to a self-similar regime in this flow.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
The status and conservation of hornbills in Cambodia

Internal security problems from the 1960s up until 1998 prevented any fieldwork in Cambodia. Since then, the situation has improved greatly and the Royal Government of Cambodia, in collaboration with international conservation NGOs, has been conducting general biological surveys across the country. Survey reports were used to investigate current occurrence of hornbills. Historically, three hornbill species — Great Hornbill Buceros bicornis, Wreathed Hornbill Aceros undulatus and Oriental Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros albirostris — were known from Cambodia. Recent surveys show that populations of Great and Wreathed Hornbills have declined significantly since the 1960s, while Oriental Pied is still common. A fourth hornbill species, Brown Hornbill Anorrhinus tickelli, was reported in 1998 in Kirirom National Park spanning the border of Koh Kong and Kompong Speu provinces in south-west Cambodia. Conservation priorities and priorities for future surveys are being developed.