cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS PRODUCED EXPERIMENTALLY IN RHESUS MONKEYS VI. CHANGES IN THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID PROTEINS

The white cell count, total protein, gamma globulin, and percentage of gamma globulin in the cerebrospinal fluid of monkeys with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis produced by the injection of brain emulsions with adjuvants have been studied. The acute phase of the disease is characterized by a rise in the white cell count, total protein, and gamma globulin in the cerebrospinal fluid. In some instances the percentage of gamma globulin, to the total protein may be normal while in others it is elevated. As the acute process subsides, the total protein declines and animals frequently show an increase in the percentage of gamma globulin to total protein. The relation of the cerebrospinal fluid findings in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in the rhesus monkey to those in human multiple sclerosis is discussed.
Ionic Naphthalene Thermotropic Copolyesters: Effect of Ionic Content

Ionic naphthalene thermotropic polymers (NTP) based on wholly aromatic (main chain liquid crystalline) copolyesters were prepared, in which ionic monomer was introduced in the form of sodium 5-sulfoisophthalate. This meta-linked monomer introduces ionic groups as well as kinked units into polymer chains. A fiber-forming molecular weight was achieved for all the ionic NTP. The melt of ionic NTP showed extensive birefringence, and the majority of them exhibited nematic mesophase textures over a wide temperature range, without showing a transition to an isotropic phase at least up to 380 °C. The melting temperature (T m ) and the crystallization temperature (T c ) of the ionic NTP are both decreased substantially with an increase in ion-containing monomer content because of an increase of the number ofkinked units. A unique glass transition behavior is also observed: at the ionic content of less than 10 mol %, the glass transition temperature (T g ) is rather constant, the T g value jumps when the ionic content reaches 15 mol %, and two distinct T g 's with ca. a 40 deg separation are observed at 20 mol % ionic content. This seems to arise from the competition between two opposing factors: one is a reduction of the rigidity of backbone chains by kinked units, which leads to lower T g , and another is intermolecular ionic interactions between chains, which lead to higher T g . Fracture surfaces of the ionic NTP fibers indicate suppression of spontaneous fibrillation with an increase of ionic content. This is an indication of decreased rigidity of the backbone chains and increased cohesion through ionic interactions between the polymer chains. Also, flat fracture surfaces observed for the high ionic content NTP fibers reflect their brittleness, arising from easier crack propagation.
Can a federal regulator become a civic enabler?: Watersheds at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

In addition to the works listed in the References, I have drawn on interviews conducted with EPA staff in 2005–2006, as well as with watershed leaders. At the request of some EPA staff, however, I have not named individuals at the agency unless they are clearly identified in published writings or in interviews with watershed leaders.
A note on asymmetric stochastic volatility and futures hedging

This note incorporates asymmetric responses to good and bad news within a stochastic volatility framework. It is shown that the asymmetry leads to a greater average optimal hedge ratio. Moreover, the ratio increases with increasing degree of asymmetry. On the other hand, asymmetry has no impact on the hedging performance. The result is consistent with the empirical finding of Brooks, Henry, and Persand (2002) where GARCH models are employed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 25:607–612, 2005
A Generalized Axisymmetric Boundary Condition Method for Parallel Unstructured Field Solvers

A generalized interpolative interface is developed to provide an axisymmetric boundary condition for multielement unstructured field solvers, including those that require highly stretched anisotropic meshes. The method centers around an extruded interpolative interface that does not require matched unstructured grids on the corresponding axisymmetric surfaces. Arc-based mesh extrusions are constructed from each periodic interface, which allow for closure and the solution of control volumes that lie on the interface. For each extruded point, a corresponding virtual point is created in order to control the exact location at which the client data interpolations are performed; for axisymmetric surfaces, the virtual points are rotated and placed inside of the opposite side of the domain. Special procedures, such as utilization of surface projections and parallel boundary layer displacement algorithms, are required for support of highly stretched anisotropic grids commonly used in the resolution of boundary layers in fluid flow solvers. All algorithms used to extrude the interpolative surface, place virtual points, and interpolate for the client data must be parallelized for compatibility with modern parallel field solvers. No restrictions are to be placed on the subdomain decomposition. To this end, fully general parallel mechanisms are implemented in order to transport data from its native storage to a possibly remote location. This overall axisymmetric boundary condition scheme is implemented in the Tenasi code for testing. Interpolation requires a parallel unstructured multielement search algorithm, which is a concerted effort by itself, and is the subject of an upcoming paper. This axisymmetric interface scheme is validated on an empty rotor passage, as well as on a Rotor 37 standard test case at full design speed. For these simulations, the two equation Menter SST [1] turbulence model is utilized. Profiles of the relative Mach number aft of the blade and pressure ratio data match very well with experimental results, demonstrating the validity of the proposed approach.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
The dorsal, unpaired, median neurons of the locust metathoracic ganglion.

Neurons having large cell bodies in the anterior dorsal median cluster in the metathoracic ganglion of the locust Schistocerca gregaria and the grasshopper Romalea microptera were studied by direct dye injection and reverse filling combined with electrical stimulation and recording. Eight, possibly nine, are of the unpaired type, with a T branch leading into left and right axons that leave the ganglion to terminate in muscles. Another six are probably paired, and may be interneurons. Five of the 8 or 9 unpaired neurons have one axonal branch in both N4 and N5, on both sides: the others have but a single branch. One of the nine, DUMETi, has left and right axons exclusively innervating the jumping muscles, and another, DUMDL, has left and right axons exclusively innervating the dorsal longitudinal flight muscles. Neither the locations, sizes or numbers of somata, nor their locations were as constant as is the case for ordinary ventral motorneurons.
Tensile Strength, Elongation, Hardness, and Tensile and Flexural Moduli of Injection-Molded TPS Filled with Glycerol-Plasticized DDGS

Continuing growth of biofuel industries is generating large amounts of coproducts such as distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) from ethanol production and glycerol from biodiesel. Currently these coproducts are undervalued, but they have application in the plastics industry as property modifiers. This research effort has quantified the effects on mechanical properties of adding DDGS and glycerol to a commercial thermoplastic starch (TPS). The methodology was to physically mix DDGS, as filler, with the TPS pellets and injection mold the blends into test bars using glycerol as a processing aid. The bars were then mechanically tested with blends from 0 to 65 %, by weight, of plasticized filler. The test bars were typically relatively brittle with little yielding prior to fracture with elongation between 1 and 3 %. The addition of glycerol enabled molding of blends with high levels of DDGS but did not increase strength. Any presence of filler decreased the tensile strength of the starch, and up to 30 % filler, the tensile strength drops about 15 %. The 20 and 50 % blends (without glycerol) have slightly greater stiffness than pure starch. With some other blends, the presence of plasticized filler degrades the tensile modulus with 35 % filler yielding about 1/3 the stiffness. Changes in the flexural modulus are much more pronounced as 20–25 % filled TPS has a 30 % increase in flexural stiffness. In terms of surface hardness, blends up to 60 % filler are within 20 % of the TPS baseline.
Velocity field and surfactant concentration measurement techniques for free-surface flows

Noninvasive measurement techniques were developed to obtain the surfactant concentration and the velocity field of a vortex pair interacting with a contaminated free surface. The optical method of second-harmonic generation (SHG) was utilized to determine the time-varying concentration of a surfactant at a point on the surface, and the established technique of digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) was used for the measurement of the velocity field. The evolution of the initially uniform, insoluble monolayer along with the vorticity field are described. One of the present limitations is the temporal resolution of the concentration measurements which is of order 5 Hz. The extension of the SHG technique to high Reynolds number, turbulent flows is discussed.
Symposium on stochastic volatility: an introductory overview

We describe the context and summarize the contents of the ten contributions to the Symposium on Stochastic Volatility. These articles concentrate mainly on questions pertaining to option pricing under various uncertainty assumptions about market volatility. Tools from stochastic analysis and statistical inference are used to present solutions via explicit computations or numerical methods, with model estimation and calibration based on market and simulated data.
The Provitamin D in Clams

THE communication on the "Conversion of Cholesterol to Provitamin D 3 in vivo" by Mary Scott, J. Glover and R. A. Morton in Nature of April 2, p. 530, prompts us to publish our results for the provitamin in clams. In order to obtain experimental evidence for the hypothesis that the provitamin D is essentially of endogenous origin, we investigated several years ago the sterols of the viscera and of the eviscerated body of clams. At the time when the clams were collected (late summer) their intestinal tract was filled with a dark green paste, indicating that the food consisted predominantly of chlorophyll-bearing micro-organisms such as algae. The sterols isolated from the viscera contained 21·4 per cent provitamin D (determined spectroscopically and calculated as ergosterol). On the other hand, the sterols from the eviscerated body contained only 7·8 per cent provitamin D. Based on the weight of the fresh material, the viscera contained 0·0418 per cent provitamin D and the eviscerated body 0·0163 per cent. The total provitamin D content of the clams was found to be 0·019 per cent, and 24 per cent of the total provitamin D was in the viscera.
Structure and specificity of antibody molecules

The structure of the Fab' fragment of a human myeloma protein (IgG1 (lambda) New) has been determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis to a nominal resolution of 0.2 nm. Each of the structure subunits corresponding to the variable and to the constant homology regions of the light and heavy polypeptide chains contains two irregular beta-sheets which are roughly parallel to each other and surround a tighly packed interior of hydrophobic side chains. The regions of the hypervariable sequences in the light and heavy chains occur in close spatial proximity at one end of the molecule, defining the active site of IgG New. The role of these hypervariable regions in defining the size and shape of the active site of different immunoglobulins is discussed on the basis of the three-dimensional model of Fab' New. Several ligands that bind to the active centre of IgG New have been used to obtain crystalline ligand-Fab' New complexes which were investigated by difference Fourier maps. These studies are analysed in terms of the biological function and specificity of antibodies.
Glioblastoma multiforme: Treatment by large dose fraction irradiation and metronidazole

In an attempt to overcome the possible radioresistance of glioblastoma multiforme related to the large shoulder on the in vitro survival curves and to sensitize hypoxic tumor cells, a treatment protocol was instituted at Yale University Medical Center and affiliated hospitals, using large dose fraction irradiation therapy in conjunction with the hypoxic cell sensitizer metronidazole. Nineteen patients with biopsy-confirmed, previously untreated, cerebral grade IV glioblastoma multiforme were, following surgery, irradiated once a week at 600 rad per fraction, 3.5 to 4 hours after ingestion of metronidazole, 6 gm/m2. A total of 7 treatments were employed, with all patients maintained on antiseizure medications and corticosteroids. Metronidazole levels were determined prior to each treatment and patients were followed closely clinically and with serial computerized tomography (CT) scans. The treatment was well tolerated, in general, with no untoward side effects related to the high dose fraction irradiation. The majority of the patients experienced varying degrees of gastrointestinal upset lasting up to several hours following metronidazole administration. Three patients died of pulmonary emboli. One patient experienced moderately severe ototoxicity. A median survival of 9.4 months was obtained for all 19 patients, suggestive of a prolongation of survival compared to historical controls treated with conventionally fractionated radiation or with unconventional radiation fractionation schemes and metronidazole or misonidazole.
Oxide removal from copper by using argon and fluorocarbon plasma treatment

Abstract Oxidized copper was treated with an inductively coupled argon plasma or pulsed glow discharge (PGD) fluorocarbon plasma. In both cases the Cu substrate was biased to a negative voltage of 4 kV to promote sputtering and etching of the oxide layer. In the case of argon sputtering, spectrophotometer data were taken in situ to evaluate the oxide removal as a function of time. In addition, the amount of oxide was measured before and after the argon sputtering and C2F6 etching using resonance Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). The spectrophotometer data showed saturation of the oxide removal process after 2 h of argon sputtering. From the resonance RBS measurements the oxide on the surface of copper was found to drop by 70% after 2 h of argon plasma sputtering and 90% after 2 h of C2F6 plasma etching.
Stepwise transformation of astrocytes by simian virus 40 large T antigen and epidermal growth factor receptor overexpression

We have investigated the transformed phenotype of neonatal mouse cortical astrocytes immortalized by retrovirus-mediated transfer of the SV4O large T antigen gene. Expression of T antigen was driven by the Moloney munne leukemia virus long terminal repeat. Cell lines were selected based on coexpression of neomycin resistance, which provides a selection method believed to be unbiased for transformation state. Astrocyte cell lines derived in this manner express T antigen over a relatively narrow range (-4-fold), are contact inhibited, are able to enter a quiescent state in the presence of growth factors, and do not readily form colonies in soft agar. Compared to mortal astrocytes, the population growth rate is increased 3-fold, saturation densities are 4-fold higher, and the genome is relatively unstable as measured by the presence of DNA-aneupioid stem lines and by changes in DNA ploidy over time. However, changes in transformation phenotype occur at a low rate, making the cell lines amenable to experimentation. Most often, the growth phenotype remained unchanged during months of culture. Transfection of an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene was used to generate a subline that was conditionallytransformed (colony formation in soft agar was dependent on transforming
Bacterial display using circularly permuted outer membrane protein OmpX yields high affinity peptide ligands.

A bacterial display methodology was developed for N- and C-terminal display and demonstrated to enable rapid screening of very large peptide libraries with high precision and efficiency. To overcome limitations of insertional fusion display libraries, a new scaffold was developed through circular permutation of the Escherichia coli outer membrane protein OmpX that presents both N and C termini on the external cell surface. Circularly permuted OmpX (CPX) display was directly compared to insertional fusion display by screening comparable peptide libraries in each format using magnetic and fluorescence activated cell sorting. CPX display enabled in situ measurement of dissociation rate constants with improved accuracy and, consequently, improved affinity discrimination during screening and ranking of isolated clones. Using streptavidin as a model target, bacterial display yielded the well-characterized HPQ/M motif obtained previously using several alternative peptide display systems, as well as three additional motifs (LI/V CQNVCY, CGWMYF/YxEC, ERCWYVMHWPCNA). Using CPX display, a very high affinity streptavidin-binding peptide was isolated having a dissociation rate constant koff = 0.002sec-1 even after grafting to the C terminus of an unrelated protein. Comparison of individual clones obtained from insertional fusion and terminal fusion libraries suggests that the N-terminal display yields sequences with greater diversity, affinity, and modularity. CPX bacterial display thus provides a highly effective method for screening peptide libraries to rapidly generate ligands with high affinity and specificity.
Investigation of Hydrogen Physisorption Active Sites on the Surface of Porous Carbonaceous Materials

Hydrogen physisorption in different carbonaceous materials was investigated in liquid nitrogen (77 K). The total hydrogen adsorption was found to have a linear relationship with the surface area of pores <30 A. The surface area and porosity of the carbon materials were determined by dinitrogen adsorption at 77 K and density function theory (DFT). The active sites for hydrogen adsorption were investigated and found to be related to the edge orientation of defective graphene micro-sheet domains.
Further evidence for functional heterogeneity of adipocyte insulin receptors.

Dissociation of [125I]iodoinsulin from adipocyte insulin receptors was studied in the presence or absence of the insulin derivatives, desoctapeptide insulin and desalanine desasparagine insulin. When cells were allowed to associate with a tracer concentration (10-10 M) of [125I]iodoinsulin and dissociation was studied in either insulin-free buffer or buffer containing 100 ng/ml unlabeled insulin, dissociation was accelerated in the presence of unlabeled insulin. This is consistent with negatively cooperative site-site interactions. On the other hand, when dissociation studies were performed in the presence of high concentrations of desoctapeptide insulin or desalanine desasparagine insulin, dissociation rates were slower than those observed in insulin-free buffer. In marked contrast, when cells were allowed to achieve a high fractional receptor occupancy by associating with high concentrations of either desoctapeptide insulin or desalanine desasparagine insulin, subsequent dissociation rates were greatly ...
Hypertext Scholarship and Media Studies

IN 'THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR IN U.S. MEDIA CULTURE," I ATTEMPT to exploit some of the potential of the Internet and World Wide Web for media and cultural studies scholarship and pedagogy. The article examines the mediation of the Spanish-American War by focusing on early film spectatorship and the public sphere, the emergence offin-desidcle mass culture in the United States, and ideologies of nation, race, and gender in Spanish-American War discourses. By drawing from primary sources (e.g., African American and Euro-American newspapers in Massachusetts, Wisconsin, Indiana, Georgia, and South Carolina), I construct various contexts-regional, historical, political, theoretical, intertextual-to examine the ways film, newspapers, and other media contributed to the cultural production of the Spanish-American War. The presentation thus uses the newer technology of the Internet to explore older technologies and media like film and print in the 1890s. The World Wide Web allows media and cultural studies scholars to incorporate objects of study into their writings in ways previously unavailable through traditional print publications (e.g., academic journals and books). Although other forms of computer mediated communication such as CD-Roms and DVD use multimedia and hypertext, I envisioned from the beginning of my project several years ago that the research would be presented on the Internet in order to reach an audience that might not otherwise read, or have access to, the article in these other formats (in addition, of course, to a more traditional readership).
PERSONALITY THEORY AND JUDGING: A Proposed Theory of Self-Esteem and Judicial Policy-Making

Although a variety of explanatory models have been used in recent years to explain and describe individual and aggregate judicial policy-making, little attention has been devoted to how a judge's personality may affect his or her policy choices on the bench. In fact, psychological models are important for understanding twentieth-century jurisprudence as well as for conceptualizing the conditions under which an individual decision maker will exercise policy-making discretion. This article uses a theory of self-esteem to propose how a judge's personality configuration is related to those role orientations affecting decisional outcomes. The authors also discuss how differential levels of self-esteem may affect a judge's sentencing policy.
Fibrinogen assembly: Insights from chicken hepatocytes

In all vertebrate species studied, the complex, disulfide-linked structure of fibrinogen is essentially the same: a hexamer assembled from three different subunits (A alpha, B beta, gamma)2. This study utilized species differences in fibrinogen subunit monomer pools to address the question of how these surplus subunit pools may affect the assembly process. We used a chicken model system in which B beta and gamma-subunits are present in excess, in contrast to the A alpha and gamma-subunit surplus found in human model systems. Analysis was based on pulse-chase experiments with electrophoretic separation of intracellular forms and secreted fibrinogen on reducing and nonreducing gels. The chicken liver-derived cells employed for this purpose, primary hepatocytes and a hepatoma cell line with a fortuitous defect in fibrinogen synthesis, together offer advantages over human systems for resolving the complexes formed in the early stages of assembly. The results demonstrate that in chicken hepatocytes there is an initial binding of gamma to A alpha subunits rather than to B beta subunits, as occurs in human hepatoma cells. Nevertheless, the presence of similar intracellular fibrinogen-related forms in both chicken- and human-derived cells, in the context of their differing subunit monomer pools, suggests an assembly pathway common to both species, with the versatility to be regulated by limitation of A alpha or B beta subunit production.
Lack of BCL-6 self-control fuels lymphomagenesis

Chromosomal translocations affecting the BCL-6 proto-oncogene, which are the most common, specific genetic alteration found in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs), were first identified by Dalla-Favera and coworkers. Targeted deletion of BCL-6 revealed its critical physiologic role for the
Task-based assessment of occupational vibration and noise exposures in forestry workers.

Forty-two noise exposures and 164 whole-body (WBV) and hand-arm (HAV) vibration exposures were collected from 43 forestry workers in six trades employed by two forestry companies. Data were collected on 10 days over 8 weeks during various felling, logging, and log handling operations. Up to 5 volunteers were monitored for noise and vibration daily using datalogging noise dosimeters, which provided daily time-weighted averages (TWAs) and 1-min averages; and a precision sound level meter equipped to measure human vibration, which provided triaxial HAV and WBV event-weighted averages (AEQs). Workers completed a short questionnaire throughout the workday detailing the timing and number of tasks performed and equipment used. Substantial overexposures to noise and vibration were seen; for example, 60% of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) TWAs and 83% of National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) noise TWAs exceeded 85 dBA, 33–53% of the axis-specific HAV AEQs exceeded the 8...
404 not found: the stability and persistence of URLs published in MEDLINE

Motivation: The advent of the World Wide Web has enabled unprecedented supplementation of traditional journal publications, allowing access to resources, such as video, sound, software, databases, datasets too large to publish, and even supplementary information and discussion. However, unlike traditional publications, continued availability of these online resources is not guaranteed. An automated survey was conducted to quantify the growth in Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) published to date in MEDLINE abstracts, their current availability and distribution by journal. Results: Of 1630 unique URLs identified, formatting and/or spelling errors were detected within 201 (12%) of them as published. After corrections were made, a survey revealed that ∼63% of these URLs were consistently available, and another 19% were available intermittently. The rate of failure was far worse for anonymous login to FTP sites, with only 12 of 33 sites (36%) responding. This survey also shows that journals vary disproportionately in the number of web citations published, suggesting policy implementation among a few could have a profound impact overall. Out of the 306 journals with a URL published in an abstract, Bioinformatics published the most (12% of total). Availability: URL database and program available by request.
THE DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF SINKING FUNDS ON BOND RISK PREMIA

This study analyzes the effect that two options created by the inclusion of a sinking fund clause in a bond indenture have on the bond issue's secondary market risk premium. The impact of market prices that exceed current sinking fund redemption prices, and of par versus premium redemption, is clearly apparent when a set of issue-specific and macroeconomic control variables are incorporated into a model of bond risk premia. Thus, secondary market prices for the large-volume utility bond transactions in the sample reflect knowledge of individual-issue, time-varying indenture characteristics.
Detecting Unplanned Care From Clinician Notes in Electronic Health Records

The text-mining methods the authors describe can be applied to automatically review free-text clinician notes to detect unplanned episodes of care mentioned in these notes.
Does Hospital Satisfaction Affect Life Satisfaction

One issue in macromarketing is the effect of marketing programs on people's satisfaction with their lives. This article reports on an empirical test of a model that proposes mediating factors between hospital satisfaction and life satisfaction. The results show that hospital satisfaction affects life satisfaction through two factors: satisfaction with community health care and satisfaction with personal health. Health care strategies and policies to establish long-term relationships with patients are discussed in light of the study findings.
Glutathione S-transferase as a general and reversible tag for surface immobilization of proteins

The ability to immobilize biomolecules on nanopatterned substrates is important for diverse applications including tissue engineering and proteomics. The design of general linkers can allow a single substrate to be used for multiple purposes, as well as reconfiguration of devices if the linkage is reversible. In this work, the glutathione S-transferase (GST) tag was used to reversibly immobilize green fluorescent protein (GFP) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) on glutathione (GSH)-functionalized nanopatterns fabricated by electron-beam lithography.
Foxp3 staining in BK virus allograft nephropathy and comparison with acute cellular rejection.

Abstract Background Foxp3 + CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells are involved in maintaining immunologic self-tolerance. These cells have been investigated in acute cellular rejection (ACR) of renal allografts. In this retrospective pathological study, we evaluated Foxp3 + immunostaining in BK virus nephropathy (BKVN). In some circumstances, BKVN may be difficult to distinguish histologically from ACR. Methods Sequential sections were made of 30 allograft core biopsies and stained for hematorylin and eosin (HE degree of ACR was assessed by the Banff criteria. Results The range of Foxp3 + staining (cells/mm 2 ) was much larger in BKVN (0–270) compared to ACR (0–35). The mean difference did not reach statistical significance owing to a large degree of overlap between the two groups. In BKVN, the Foxp3 + infiltrate correlated with the degree of CD3 + infiltrate ( P = .012), and median Foxp3 + infiltrate increased with Drachenberg grade of BKVN. CD3 + cell levels were not significantly different in BKVN versus ACR. Conclusions BKVN cases with high levels of Foxp3 + graft infiltrates may be manifesting an immune response different from that of ACR. Positive Foxp3 correlation with Drachenberg grade suggests a down-regulatory response.
Automated Formulation of Condition Equations

Least squares adjustment of a leveling network entails formulating a set of simultaneous equations, solving those equations, and calculating point elevations based on the solution. The major portion of a computational effort is exerted in solving the simultaneous equations, a task for which digital computers are effectively and widely used. Since formulating the equations and calculating point elevations are not as tedious as manually solving simultaneous equations, little emphasis has been placed on using the computer to perform those operations. Nevertheless, significant savings in manual effort can be affected by extending the domain of network adjustment programs to include generation of equations and calculation of point elevations. This note presents a compilation of existing algorithms from both adjustment theory and linear network theory, organized to be of maximum use in implementing such an extension.
THE HOLOCAUST DENIAL CONTROVERSY

L'A. examine les resultats d'une enquete menee aux Etats-Unis entre 1992 et 1993. Celle-ci s'efforcait d'evaluer le niveau d'information des americains en ce qui concerne le genocide des juifs. Cette enquete aurait montre que pres de 20% d'entre eux auraient doute de la realite de ce fait. L'A. montre que la nature des questions a induit une mesinterpretation des reponses. En effet il estime qu'il faut distinguer entre l'ignorance, le manque d'information suffisante sur cet evenement historique et sa negation
Lifetime measurements of high-spin states in 166Yb.

The Doppler-shift attenuation method was used to measure lifetimes of yrast states in $^{166}\mathrm{Yb}$. Values of $\ensuremath{\tau}$ range from 0.16(2) ps at ${24}^{+}$. to 0.05(1) ps at ${34}^{+}$. The $B(E2)$ values decrease from 240 to 120 single-particle units in this spin range, indicating a loss of collectivity which likely reflects a change of the nucleus towards triaxial shape. The side-feeding times are consistent with rotational cascades having moments of inertia 25% larger than the yrast sequence or $B(E2)$ values around 60 single-particle units.
Study on Thermometry During Friction Stir Welding

Thermo-couple and infrared instrument are both important thermometry instrument during modern thermometry practice,but because of the proper hysteretic properties of thermo-couple and the emittance of infrared instrument,the accuracy of thermometry can't be improved.A correction way based on the thermocouple thermometry principle during friction stir welding was introduced,and the correct result was checked by infrared instrument.It has a significance on improving the accuracy of thermometry.
Localization of factor-VIII-related antigen in human vascular subendothelium

Factor-VIII-related antigen has previously been shown to be synthesized by vascular endothelial cells. Using both an immunofluorescent staining technique and electron microscopy, we have demonstrated the presence of factor-VIII-related antigen in human vascular subendothelium. This finding may have implications in the mechanism of platelet adhesion to deendothelialized blood vessel surfaces.
Stakeholder Views of Nanosilver Linings: Macroethics Education and Automated Text Analysis Through Participatory Governance Role Play in a Workshop Format

The Nanosilver Linings role play case offers participants first-person experience with interpersonal interaction in the context of the wicked problems of emerging technology macroethics. In the fictional scenario, diverse societal stakeholders convene at a town hall meeting to consider whether a nanotechnology-enabled food packaging industry should be offered incentives to establish an operation in their economically struggling Midwestern city. This original creative work was built with a combination of elements, selected for their established pedagogical efficacy (e.g. active learning, case-based learning) and as topical dimensions of the realistic scenario (e.g. nanosilver in food packaging, occupational safety and health). The product life cycle is used as a framework for integrated consideration of scientific, societal, and ethical issues. The Nanosilver Linings hypothetical case was delivered through the format of the 3-hour workshop Ethics when Biocomplexity meets Human Complexity, providing an immersive, holistic ethics learning experience for STEM graduate students. Through their participation in the Nanosilver Linings case and Ethics when Biocomplexity meets Human Complexity workshop, four cohorts of science and engineering doctoral students reported the achievement of specific learning objectives pertaining to a range of macroethics concepts and professional practices, including stakeholder perspectives, communication, human values, and ethical frameworks. Automated text analysis of workshop transcripts revealed differences in sentiment and in ethical framework (consequentialism/deontology) preference between societal stakeholder roles. These resources have been recognized as ethics education exemplars by the U.S. National Academy of Engineering .
Suppression of geomagnetic induced current using controlled ground resistance of transformer

Abstract Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in power systems can cause transformer-overheating malfunction of protective relays, tripping of protective devices, and voltage instability. This article presents a new approach by using a controlled resistance to suppress the GIC flowing through the neutral of transformers. The performance of the proposed method is compared with that of the currently adopted method, i.e., the fixed-capacitor method. In this work, a power network consisting of a single synchronous machine connected through a step-up delta/wye transformer, a double run transmission line and another step-down transformer to an infinite bus, is considered. The GIC is modeled as DC voltage pulses inserted in series with the line. The MATLAB/SIMULINK software is utilized to carry out simulations. Simulation results show that the proposed method is able to stabilize the system under GIC events. In addition, the new technique helps mitigate the zero sequence current flowing through the neutral of transformers during unsymmetrical faults. Moreover, the performance of the proposed method is better than that of the conventional method.
Safety-Oriented INTERBUS - INTERBUS Safety -

The use of bus systems in automation technology has led to considerable savings, of which many companies are beginning to take advantage. This is also the reason for the increasing acceptance of fieldbus systems e.g., by automotive manufacturers, who now specify fieldbus networking as a prerequisite when planning a new system. However, one area has remained largely unaffected by these rationalization options. Safety technology is only gradually being implemented using transmission systems; however, the demand for this can no longer be ignored. It will soon be possible to implement safety-oriented applications using INTERBUS. INTERBUS is aiming to reach Category 4 (Cat. 4) according to EN 954-1.
Condensation in Exhaust Gas Coolers

Exhaust gas recirculation is increasingly being integrated into both diesel and gasoline engines with the focus on reducing emissions or on improving fuel efficiency, respectively. Also the potential in terms of energy of warm exhaust gases is becoming more investigated. These relative new techniques involve the cooling of the exhaust gas and so are bringing some new challenges, since exhaust condensation may occur under certain circumstances. Aim of this paper is to clarify, when this condensation process begins and which exhaust components are likely to be found in condensate.
Making Business News: A Production Analysis of The New York Times

The 2007–2009 financial crisis and its lingering aftereffects have provoked strong reactions about business journalism as a fundamentally failed form of news that does not adequately examine the economy. To move the discourse about the financial crisis forward, it is important to understand how journalists produce and create business news. This article offers a news production study based on five months of ethnographic research at The New York Times during the Great Recession and aims to examine some common critiques about business news: that journalists are investor oriented, generally unquestioning of the larger capitalist economic system, and do little watchdog journalism. These observations about business news are discussed in the context of the major critiques and offer concluding thoughts that these critiques do not do enough to explain business news limitations.
Showing the Way

Mechanical in-vehicle navigation systems anticipated the GPS by eight decades. By expanding the motorist’s geographic range, the automobile spurred demand for the strip map, a niche opened up by bicycle touring in the late nineteenth century. One inventor attached a strip map to a pair of rollers in a rigid frame mounted on the handlebar and showing only the most immediately relevant part of the route. Another attached a scrolling device to a car’s steering column, and others made scrolling automatic with a flexible cable attached to a wheel. Enhancements included warning bells and verbal directions from a phonograph mounted under the dashboard. Most of these patents were never developed commercially, and the market dried up around 1920 because of improved signposting and better roads.
Copper-Catalyzed Dicarbofunctionalization of Unactivated Olefins by Tandem Cyclization/Cross-Coupling

We present a strategy that difunctionalizes unactivated olefins in 1,2-positions with two carbon-based entities. This method utilizes alkyl/arylzinc reagents derived from olefin-tethered alkyl/aryl halides that undergo radical cyclization to generate C(sp3)-Cu complexes in situ, which are intercepted with aryl and heteroaryl iodides. A variety of (arylmethyl)carbo- and heterocycles (N, O) can be synthesized with this new method.
Poster: Understanding Long-Term Adoption of Wearable Activity Trackers Among Older Adults

Wearable activity trackers (WATs) can be powerful tools in monitoring and in improving older adults' health. The aim of this study is to understand older adults' reasons for use, continued use, and discontinued use of WATs, and to identify the differences between short-term and long-term users to guide the design for sustained use of WATs among older adults.
Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of High Carbon Furylmethanes to Renewable Jet‐fuel Ranged Alkanes over a Rhenium‐Modified Iridium Catalyst

Invited for this month′s cover is the group of Basudeb Saha and Dionisios G. Vlachos at the Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation (CCEI), University of Delaware. The image shows the use of renewable aviation fuels produced from C−C coupled biomass platforms. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201700863.
(Central) Auditory Processing Disorder Grand Rounds: Multiple Cases, Multiple Causes, Multiple Outcomes

Purpose The purpose of this article was to provide multiple examples of how (central) auditory processing disorder ([C]APD) is being evaluated and treated at various audiology clinics throughout the United States. Method The authors present 5 cases highlighting the diagnosis and treatment of (C)APD in children and adults. Similarities and differences between these cases have been showcased through detailed histories, evaluation protocol, and treatment options. When possible, the rationale for evaluation procedures and intervention processes were described and compared with guidelines and findings within the literature. Results and Conclusions These cases illustrate the varied processes and clinical protocols by which children and adults are evaluated, diagnosed, counseled, and treated for (C)APD. In addition, similarities and differences between the referral source, evaluation team, developmental history, comorbidities, test battery, recommendations, and remediations were described. The multiple clinic si...
Total Synthesis of Pyrophen and Campyrones A-C.

The first total syntheses of the natural products pyrophen and campyrones A–C, isolated from the fungus Aspergillus niger, have been achieved in six steps starting from commercially available N-Boc amino acids. Key steps in this sequence include a vinylogous Claisen condensation to achieve fragment coupling and a dioxinone thermolysis/cyclization cascade to form the α-pyrone ring. The route described herein afforded the natural products in 15–25% overall yield, furnishing sufficient material for testing in biological assays.
Unconventional Parallelization of Nondeterministic Applications

The demand for thread-level-parallelism (TLP) on commodity processors is endless as it is essential for gaining performance and saving energy. However, TLP in today's programs is limited by dependences that must be satisfied at run time. We have found that for nondeterministic programs, some of these actual dependences can be satisfied with alternative data that can be generated in parallel, thus boosting the program's TLP. Satisfying these dependences with alternative data nonetheless produces final outputs that match those of the original nondeterministic program. To demonstrate the practicality of our technique, we describe the design, implementation, and evaluation of our compilers, autotuner, profiler, and runtime, which are enabled by our proposed C++ programming language extensions. The resulting system boosts the performance of six well-known nondeterministic and multi-threaded benchmarks by 158.2% (geometric mean) on a 28-core Intel-based platform.
A New Geometric Analysis of the Teotihuacan Complex

The focus of studies on the Teotihuacan complex in Mexico has been primarily on the astronomical orientation, archeology, and the measures of specific pyramids and buildings. The intention of this project is to look at Teotihuacan as an organized urban center in order to see what geometric systems are present in the layout of the area. As Teotihuacan was developed over a long period of time, did the builders and city planners have an overall geometric plan for the layout of the complex, or was its organization simply the result of population growth and commerce? Specifically, the paper describes the search for grid systems and geometric structures based on the circle, the square, and the triangle. The basis for the analysis is the Teotihuacan Mapping Project, and the maps, drawings, and information provided by Professors Rene Millon, George Cowgill, and Bruce Drewitt, the three principal scholars who mapped the city.
Investigation of transition ion ratio variation for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: A case study approach.

Abstract Background A transition ion ratio (TIR) is the ratio of one fragment over another from the same precursor and is frequently monitored in liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assays for analyte identification. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) C50-A guidelines give a static percent allowable TIR deviation based on the TIR level. Anecdotally, we observed failures of these rules for some of our LC-MS/MS assays. We determined what parameters may affect TIRs in a clinical setting and whether TIR variations may be analyte, matrix, instrument service, and/or concentration dependent. Methods Data was collected from the validation and selected periods after implementation for urine benzodiazepines (7 analytes) and plasma azole antifungals (6 analytes). TIRs for the calibrators and quality control materials on a Thermo TSQ™ Quantum Ultra from July 2016 to February 2017 for benzodiazepines in urine and Thermo TSQ™ Vantage from May 2016 to Oct 2016 for azoles in serum were monitored. Results The statistically significant day-to-day TIR shift ranged from 5.7 to 27.0% of the days studies for benzodiazepines and from 5.6 to 27.8% of the days studied for azoles excluding shifts caused by instrument services. Instrument service had significant impact on all benzodiazepines except oxazepam with p-values ranging from 1.79 × 10−6 to 1.53 × 10−39 and 4 of the 6 azoles (fluconazole, isavuconazole, voriconazole, and itraconazole) with (p from 7.89 × 10−3 to 1.98 × 10−12). Lorazepam, α-hydroxyalprazolam, and hydroxyitraconazole showed significant concentration dependent TIR variations. Conclusions TIR variations may be affected by instrument services, and can be concentration and analyte dependent. Instead of using a static percent deviation rule, establishment of TIR variation criteria for each analyte during test development and validation may provide a more useful tool for analyte identification.
Neurofilaments Transport in Axon

Most axonal proteins are synthesized in the nerve cell body and are then transported along the axon. One type of cargo structures is neurofilaments, neuron-specific cytoskeleton polymers that function as space-filling structure in axon. Each such cargo is attached to a motor protein that travels along microtubules. This piggybacking transport is illustrated in Fig. 9.1.
Controversies in the Therapy of Low-Grade Gliomas.

In the context of the new WHO classification system, all low-grade gliomas must have an IDH mutation, with or without 1p/19q codeletion. Upon discovery of the tumor, maximal safe surgical resection is the most appropriate first step due to the current inability to differentiate between IDH mutant and IDH wild–type tumors by imaging alone. In the postoperative setting, based on the synthesis and interpretation of the available data, we recommend utilizing conventional radiation therapy and PCV in all high-risk–low-grade gliomas. For patients felt to be in a low risk category, we recommend maintaining a low threshold to initiate treatment. In the setting of tumor recurrence, consideration of all treatment options is reasonable, but treatment with alkylator therapy has the strongest supporting data.
Statistical Rank Selection for Incomplete Low-rank Matrices

We consider the problem of determining the rank in the low-rank matrix completion. We propose a statistical model for noisy observation. It is important for many existing algorithms and sometimes has practical meanings. We construct a test statistics for the low rank approximation problem. Under this model, we derive the distribution of the test statistics. By applying the test statistics, we propose a sequential rank test procedure to determine the rank with statistical inference. In the numerical section, we illustrate our theoretical results and give examples of our proposed rank test procedure.