cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Double Liquid Membrane System for the Removal of Actinides and Lanthanides from Acidic Nuclear Wastes

Abstract Supported liquid membranes (SLM), consisting of an organic solution of n-octyl(phenyl)-N, N-diisobutylcar-bamoylmethylphosphine oxide (CMPO) and tributyl-phos-phate (TBP) in decalin are able to perform selective separation and concentration of actinide and lantha-nide ions from aqueous nitrate feed solutions and synthetic nuclear wastes. In the membrane process a possible strip solution is a mixture of formic acid and hydroxylammonium formate (HAF). The effectiveness of this strip solution is reduced and eventually nullified by the simultaneous transfer through the SLM of HNOs which accumulates in the strip solution. A possible way to overcome this drawback is to make use of a second SLM consisting of a primary amine which is able to extract only HNO3 from the strip solution. In this work the results obtained by experimentally studying the membrane system: synthetic nuclear waste/CMPO-TBP membrane/HCOOH-HAF strip solution/ primary amine membrane/NaOH solution, are reported. They show that the use...
Syncope and orthostatic intolerance for the primary care physician.

A sudden, unexpected loss of consciousness is one of the more dramatic and anxiety-provoking symptoms encountered by patients. Syncope is a common manifestation, however, of numerous disorders of varied mechanisms. The final common pathway in most cases is insufficient cerebral perfusion to maintain consciousness. Symptoms short of frank syncope (presyncope) also are common and may appear relatively nonspecific in isolation or out of context. The current view is to consider one’s capacity for postural and similar challenges as orthostatic tolerance, which can be impaired by a wide variety of disorders and manifested symptomatically under certain conditions. For diagnosis, syncope must be differentiated from other processes with paroxysmal onset and altered consciousness, such as seizures, drop attacks, metabolic disturbances, and psychiatric events. After many events, no residual abnormalities are evident on examination or on initial studies to prove a specific diagnosis. More than in most areas of medicine, this lack of objective residua makes a detailed and accurate history the most important aspect of diagnosis. The distinction is vital for clinical decision making and effective treatment. When a designation is made, alternative diagnoses subsequently may not be considered adequately even if correct. This article focuses on syncope from the perspective of the neurologist and the disorders generally considered in the setting of acute, transient loss of consciousness. The numerous and important causes of syncope related to primary cardiac and pulmonary dysfunction (cardiac syncope) mostly due to insufficient cardiac output despite adequate venous supply, including valvular disease, sustained arrhythmias, myocardial disease and heart
Accelerated parallel magnetic resonance imaging by adaptive k-space sampling

Parallel MR imaging methods like SMASH, SENSE etc. use multiple receiver coils to accelerate the imaging process by reducing the Fourier space sampling requirement. In this paper, we propose a method for selecting the optimal k-space sampling scheme for parallel MR imaging that minimizes the expected reconstruction error given coil sensitivities and desired acceleration factor. We demonstrate that higher acceleration factors are feasible by spacing the k-space non-uniformly instead of at an integer multiple of the Nyquist spacing.
Genome-wide association studies: results from the first few years and potential implications for clinical medicine.

Most common diseases and quantitative traits are heritable: determined in part by genetic variation within the population. The inheritance is typically polygenic in that combined effects of variants in numerous genes, plus nongenetic factors, determine outcome. The genes influencing common disease and quantitative traits remained largely unknown until the implementation in 2006 of genome-wide association (GWA) studies that comprehensively surveyed common genetic variation (frequency >5%). By 2010, GWA studies identified >1,000 genetic variants for polygenic traits. Typically, these variants together account for a modest fraction (10%–30%) of heritability, but they have highlighted genes in both known and new biological pathways and genes of unknown function. This initial effort prefigures new studies aimed at rarer variation and decades of functional work to decipher newly glimpsed biology. The greatest impact of GWA studies may not be in predictive medicine but rather in the development over the next decades of therapies based on novel biological insights.
Determination of continuous system transfer functions from sampled pulse response data

A method for determining the transfer function of a continuous system from sampled responses to single- and multiple-pulse excitation is presented. The method is an extension of the sampled-edge-response method pioneered by the theoretical work of A. Papoulis in 1962 and the application of the theory to optical systems by B. Tatian in 1965. Occasions arise when pulse rather than step-function stimuli are available for system excitations. In such cases, the method presented is useful for determining the system transfer function. The use of antialiasing filters and estimation of non-bandwidth-limited transfer functions are discussed. Practical application of the method to characterizing the system transfer function of a commercial 8- to 12-μm infrared imager is also presented.
Pink eggs and snails: field oviposition patterns of an invasive snail, Pomacea insularum, indicate a preference for an invasive macrophyte

Oviposition of non-calcareous or thinly shelled eggs represents an important life stage of many insects, amphibians, and several gastropods. A recently identified invasive species of apple snail, Pomacea insularum, exhibits alarming invasive characteristics of high reproductive rates and generalist consumption patterns. This snail takes the opposite approach to egg laying compared to most aquatic insects as adult snails crawl out of the water to place clutches on emergent, or terrestrial, substrates. As fecundity best indicates invasive potential for mollusks, control or management efforts need to understand reproductive behavior in P. insularum to predict, and hopefully impede, its spread throughout the Gulf Coast of the United States. Specific characteristics of wetlands and shallow lakes may facilitate the invasion process of P. insularum by providing females with conditions that permit successful oviposition. In order to investigate this possibility, we studied P. insularum oviposition behavior in an invasive population at two times during the reproductive season in Texas, USA. Based on a subsequent survey (August 2009), plants comprised 78% of the available habitat. Wild taro (Colocasia esculenta) and alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) represented 48 and 43% of that proportion, respectively. During 2008–2009, no new concrete or metal structures appeared in our sampling reach and consistent amounts of plant stands and woody debris remained dominant. Given this distribution, P. insularum laid disproportionately more clutches on wild taro compared to its availability and less on alligator weed and bulrush (Schoenoplectus californicus) than expected. Owing to limited metal and concrete substrates, we found a higher proportion of clutches on these artificial substrates than expected in both May and August 2008. However, artificial substrates comprised less than 2% of available substrates in the bayou. Our results suggest that wetlands and shallow lakes surrounded by large emergent macrophytes, particularly wild taro, likely provide ideal oviposition sites for P. insularum, promote egg supply, and possibly facilitate invasion into new aquatic ecosystems.
Biological and abiological sulfur reduction at high temperatures.

Reduction of elemental sulfur was studied in the presence and absence of thermophilic sulfur-reducing bacteria, at temperatures ranging from 65 to 110°C, in anoxic artificial seawater media. Above 80°C, significant amounts of sulfide were produced abiologically at linear rates, presumably by the disproportionation of sulfur. These rates increased with increasing temperature and pH and were enhanced by yeast extract. In the same medium, the sulfur respiration of two recent thermophilic isolates, a eubacterium and an archaebacterium, resulted in sulfide production at exponential rates. Although not essential for growth, sulfur increased the cell yield in both strains up to fourfold. It is suggested that sulfur respiration is favored at high temperatures and that this process is not limited to archaebacteria, but is shared by other extreme thermophiles.
Thermal modeling of aluminum electrolytic capacitors

A comprehensive thermal model for screw-terminal aluminum electrolytic capacitors is developed. The test methodology and data upon which the model is based are discussed. Exact one-dimensional solutions, multi-dimensional heat equations and finite-element analysis (FEA) model simulation results are presented. The effects of conduction, heat sinking, natural (free) convection, forced convection and heat radiation are quantified and compared. Complex issues, such as anisotropism and multi-phase heat transfer, are discussed. A comparison of model results to test data is presented. Varying capacitor construction techniques are evaluated.
Carcinization in the Anomura – fact or fiction? I. Evidence from adult morphology

Carcinization, or the process of becoming a crab, has been, and continues to be, a focal point of anomuran evolutionary hypoth­ eses. Traditional examples of carcinization in the Anomura are most celebrated among hermit crabs but certainly are not limit­ ed to this group. Carcinization, if it has occurred, has done so independently in all major anomuran taxa. In this critique, the traditional examples of carcinization in the Anomura are reviewed and more modem variations on the theme assessed. Potential pathways of carcinization are exam­ ined from perspectives of adult morphology in the Paguroidea, Galatheoidea, Hippoidea and Lomoidea, with emphasis on the Paguroidea. Specific attention is given to the theoretical trans­ formation of a hermit crab-like body form into a "king crab"like Iithodid crab. Resulting coercive evidence indicates: (1) that while the evolution of a crab-like body form certainly oc­ curs, the traditional applications, based on inadequate and often inaccurate data, are flawed; and (2) that Iithodid crabs did not arise from a hermit crab predecessor through the process of car­ cinization.
Initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating from the ostium of the inferior vena cava.

Initiation of AF from IVC. Ectopic beats triggering atrial fibrillation may arise from atrial myocardial extensions in the pulmonary veins, superior vena cava, coronary sinus, and vein of Marshall. We report two patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation initiated by ectopic beats originating from the inferior vena cava. The foci responsible for the ectopic beats were located and ablated, resulting in elimination of atrial fibrillation. Ectopic beats originating from the os of the inferior vena cava can result in atrial fibrillation. This finding may explain the recurrence of atrial fibrillation in some patients after pulmonary vein isolation.
Testing the Efficiency and Independence of Attentional Networks

In recent years, three attentional networks have been defined in anatomical and functional terms. These functions involve alerting, orienting, and executive attention. Reaction time measures can be used to quantify the processing efficiency within each of these three networks. The Attention Network Test (ANT) is designed to evaluate alerting, orienting, and executive attention within a single 30-min testing session that can be easily performed by children, patients, and monkeys. A study with 40 normal adult subjects indicates that the ANT produces reliable single subject estimates of alerting, orienting, and executive function, and further suggests that the efficiencies of these three networks are uncorrelated. There are, however, some interactions in which alerting and orienting can modulate the degree of interference from flankers. This procedure may prove to be convenient and useful in evaluating attentional abnormalities associated with cases of brain injury, stroke, schizophrenia, and attention-deficit disorder. The ANT may also serve as an activation task for neuroimaging studies and as a phenotype for the study of the influence of genes on attentional networks.
An IIR median hybrid filter

A new class of nonlinear filters, the multidirectional infinite impulse response median hybrid (MIMH) filters, is presented and analyzed. The input signal is processed twice using a linear shift-invariant (LSI) infinite impulse response (IIR) filtering module: once with normal causality and a second time with inverted causality. The final output of the MIMH filter is the median of the two-directional outputs and the original input signal. Thus, the MIMH filter is a concatenation of linear filtering (a LSI IIR filtering module) and nonlinear filtering (a median filtering module). Because of this unique scheme, the MIMH filter possesses many desirable properties which are both proven and analyzed (including impulse removal, step preservation, and noise suppression). A comparison to other medium-type filters is also provided. >
A spectrum etiquette protocol for efficient coordination of radio devices in unlicensed bands

This paper presents a spectrum etiquette protocol for efficient coordination of radio communication devices in unlicensed (e.g. 2.4 GHz ISM and 5 GHz U-NII) frequency bands. The proposed etiquette method enables spectrum coordination between multiple wireless devices using different radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11.x, 802.15.x, Bluetooth, Hiperlan, etc. The basic idea is to standardize a simple common protocol for announcement of radio and service parameters, called the "common spectrum coordination channel (CSCC)". The CSCC mechanism is based on the low bit-rate mode of the 802.11b physical layer, along with a periodic broadcast protocol at the MAC layer. The CSCC protocol is "policy neutral" in the sense that it provides a general mechanism, which can accommodate a wide range of specific spectrum sharing rules. One possible CSCC protocol implementation is described in terms of the packet formats used and related channel access rules. Proof-of-concept experimental results from a CSCC prototype are presented for an example scenario in which nearby 802.11b and Bluetooth devices contend for 2.4 GHz ISM band access. Results showing file transfer delay with and without CSCC etiquette are given for comparison purposes.
Recovery analysis of supervisory control of discrete event systems

The Ramadge-Wonham (RW) framework for designing a supervisory controller for a given plant and user specification, has been widely addressed by many researchers. The framework accepts a generator (or plant model), G, and a specification (or imposed constraint on the plant), H, and generates the supervisory controller, S. It assumes that plant is known and deterministic. However, in many practical cases the designer is not completely aware of the real generator G/sub R/. In this paper the above assumption is removed. It is assumed that G is not fully known. Using the available G and the user specification H, the RW procedure is applied to a supervisor S. Then the family of (real) generators, {G/sub R/}, which can be supervised under S while satisfying the specification H is introduced and different cases are discussed. We establish the mathematical framework for one of the cases where some events originally controllable become uncontrollable or vice versa. It is argued that the complement of {G/sub R/} which violates the specification H can be partially synthesized by available recovery and diagnosis techniques in RW literature if the violation is already known. Otherwise the violated specification must be handled in run time.
PGBD5: a neural-specific intron-containing piggyBac transposase domesticated over 500 million years ago and conserved from cephalochordates to humans.

piggyBac domain (PGBD) transposons are found in organisms ranging from fungi to humans. Three domesticated piggyBac elements have been described. In the ciliates Paramecium tetraurelia and Tetrahymena thermophila, homologs known as piggyMacs excise internal eliminated sequences from germline micronuclear DNA during regeneration of the new somatic macronucleus. In primates, a PGBD3 element inserted into the Cockayne syndrome group B (CSB) gene over 43 Mya serves as an alternative 3′ terminal exon, enabling the CSB gene to generate both full length CSB and a conserved CSB-PGBD3 fusion protein that joins an N-terminal CSB domain to the C-terminal transposase domain. We describe a fourth domesticated piggyBac element called PGBD5. We show that i) PGBD5 was first domesticated in the common ancestor of the cephalochordate Branchiostoma floridae (aka lancelet or amphioxus) and vertebrates, and is conserved in all vertebrates including lamprey but cannot be found in more basal urochordates, hemichordates, or echinoderms; ii) the lancelet, lamprey, and human PGBD5 genes are syntenic and orthologous; iii) no potentially mobile ancestral PGBD5 elements can be identified in other more deeply rooted organisms; iv) although derived from an IS4-related transposase of the RNase H clan, PGBD5 protein is unlikely to retain enzymatic activity because the catalytic DDD(D) motif is not conserved; v) PGBD5 is preferentially expressed in certain granule cell lineages of the brain and in the central nervous system based on available mouse and human in situ hybridization data, and the tissue-specificity of documented mammalian EST and mRNA clones; vi) the human PGBD5 promoter and gene region is rich in bound regulatory factors including the neuron-restrictive silencer factors NRSF/REST and CoREST, as well as SIN3, KAP1, STAT3, and CTCF; and vii) despite preferential localization within the nucleus, PGBD5 protein is unlikely to bind DNA or chromatin as neither DNase I digestion nor high salt extraction release PGBD5 from fractionated mouse brain nuclei. We speculate that the neural-specific PGBD5 transposase was domesticated >500 My after cephalochordates and vertebrates split from urochordates, and that PGBD5 may have played a role in the evolution of a primitive deuterostome neural network into a centralized nervous system.
The length–tension curve in muscle depends on lattice spacing

Classic interpretations of the striated muscle length–tension curve focus on how force varies with overlap of thin (actin) and thick (myosin) filaments. New models of sarcomere geometry and experiments with skinned synchronous insect flight muscle suggest that changes in the radial distance between the actin and myosin filaments, the filament lattice spacing, are responsible for between 20% and 50% of the change in force seen between sarcomere lengths of 1.4 and 3.4 µm. Thus, lattice spacing is a significant force regulator, increasing the slope of muscle's force–length dependence.
Securing Database as a Service: Issues and Compromises

Database-as-a-service is one of many services being marketed as part of cloud computing. It has several major issues and concerns related to security, including data security, trust, expectations, regulations, and performance issues. Proposed resolutions include risk management and better contractual agreements, while solutions include database encryption and authenticity techniques. Other cloud computing issues include hardware security concerns and the balance of trust and risk.
Hot Isostatic Pressing of Ceramic Materials

In 1955 the concept of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) was invented at Battelle’s Columbus Laboratories by Sailer, Dayton, Paprocki and Hodge1 as a means of diffusion bonding nuclear fuel elements. The principal reason for using a gas as the pressure transmitting medium was to effect bonding in three dimensions. Since many of the experimental fuel materials were powder products most of the early studies were performed with metallic matrix dispersion fuels, cermets and ceramics.2
Corporate Liberalism and Electric Power System Planning in the 1920s

Examining the efforts to restructure the electric power industry during the early 1920s, this article challenges the view that proponents of corporate liberalism shared a belief in the legitimacy of corporate capitalism and that conflicts among them involved only technical and managerial issues. It argues, rather, that corporate liberals could disagree about the goals of economic planning as well as about tactics and strategy and that they often held conflicting perceptions of the nature of corporate capitalism in American society.
Is Depression Related to Underuse of Breast Cancer Screening

1. National Cancer Institute, SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Breast Cancer. Available at: http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/breast.html, Accessed May 5, 2014. 2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, What Screening Tests Are There? Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/breast/basic_info/screening.htm, Accessed May 5, 2014. 3. Moss SM, Cuckle H, Evans A et al. Trial Management Group. E ect of mammographic screening from age 40 years on breast cancer mortality at 10 years’ follow-up: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2006;368:2053-2060. 4. Kerlikowske K. E cacy of screening mammography among women aged 40 to 49 years and 50 to 69 years: comparison of relative and absolute bene t. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 1997;22:79–86. 5. Pace LE, Keating NL. A systematic assessment of bene ts and risks to guide breast cancer screening decisions. JAMA. 2014;311:1327-1335. 6. Gehi A, Haas D, Pipkin S, Whooley MA. Depression and medication adherence in outpatients with coronary heart disease, Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:2508-2513. 7. Lin EH, Katon W, Von Kor M et al. Relationship of depression and diabetes self-care, medication adherence, and preventive care; Diabetes Care. 2004;27:2154–2160. 8. Ziegelstein RC, Fauerbach JA, Stevens SS et al. Patients with depression are less likely to follow recommendations to reduce cardiac risk during recovery from a myocardial infarction; Arch Intern Med. 2000;160:1818-1823. 9. Manning M, Bettencourt BA. Depression and medication adherence among breast cancer survivors: bridging the gap with the theory of planned behaviour. Psychol Health. 2011;26:1173-1187. 10. Cohen M. First-degree relatives of breast-cancer patients: cognitive perceptions, coping, and adherence to breast self-examination. Behav Med. 2002;28:15-22. 11. Bogner HR, Wittink MN. Depression as a risk factor for underuse of mammography. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2004;13:739-42. • Summary Depression itself was related to the underuse of mammography in the unadjusted analysis. However, after controlling for demographic and HBM characteristics, depression was not associated with the underuse of mammography. Regarding demographic characteristics, women in the higher level of education and income were more likely to adhere to the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force’s (USPSTF) mammogram guidelines. All HBM constructs were related to mammography use behaviors.
Diagnostic errors in abdominopelvic CT interpretation: characterization based on report addenda

The purpose of the article is to characterize the diagnostic errors in abdominopelvic CT interpretation through review of radiology report addenda. We searched abdominopelvic CT reports for the word “addendum” over a nearly seven-year period. Addenda were reviewed to identify those reporting a diagnostic error. Cases were characterized by a spectrum of features. 709 addenda describing 785 diagnostic errors were identified, representing approximately 0.5% of searched reports. 84.1% were a new finding, 5.1% an upgrade in severity of an originally reported finding, 3.9% a downgrade in severity, and 6.9% other modification. The most common anatomic sites, as well as the most common missed abnormality per site, were vasculature (9.8%, atherosclerosis/thrombus), abdominal wall (8.3%, ventral hernia), bone [7.4%, osseous lesion (not clearly benign)], kidney [6.9%, renal lesion (not clearly benign)], liver (6.1%, steatosis), and ureter (5.1%, calculus). Of 209 addenda providing a reason for the change, 30.6% related to comparison with prior imaging, 22.5% additional surgical history, 13.4% referrer request for re-review, 8.6% additional signs, symptoms, or lab abnormality, 8.6% additional known diagnosis, 5.7% attention to patient gender, 5.3% multi-planar reconstructions, and 5.3% consultation with other radiologist. Missed findings rather than misinterpretations of detected abnormalities were the most common reason for abdominopelvic CT report addenda. Awareness of the most common misses by anatomic location may help guide quality assurance initiatives. A wide variety of contributing factors were identified. Informatics and workflow optimization may be warranted to facilitate radiologists’ access to all available patient-related data, as well as communication with other physicians, and thereby help reduce diagnostic errors.
Research of modular practice training of preventive medicine for rural doctors

According to the training objective of the rural doctors, it is an important index to improve the actual work ability of preventive medicine at primary-level in the new period. The modular training system of preventive medicine is designed and carried out for rural doctors. Through the survey and analysis by the questionnaire to the students, the modular practice training method showed the more advantage than that of the traditional teaching method.
Incidence and Vaccination of Pertussis in Wendeng City,1956-2012

Objective To explore the prevention and control measures for elimination of pertussis. Methods The prevalence and vaccination status in different periods during 1956-2012 in Wendeng city were analyzed by epidemiological method. Results The average incidence of pertussis pre-vaccination period was 68. 77 /105,and the incidence at the initial stage of vaccination,routine vaccination period and planned immunization period was respectively 28. 30 /105,17. 93/105and 1. 97 /105,which respectively dropped by 58. 85%,73. 93% and 97. 14% than that in pre- vaccination period. No cases were reported during 2001- 2012.Conclusion By vaccination,the incidence of pertussis in Wendeng city is dramatically decreased. Intensified management of vaccination,elevating and maintaining vaccination rate are proved to be effective measures.
Role of cyclic AMP in the natriuresis of extracellular fluid volume expansion in the dog.

1. The effect of extracellular volume expansion (ECVE) on renal production of cyclic AMP was evaluated in 19 thyroparathyroidectomized dogs. ECVE was produced by the infusion of Ringer bicarbonate solution at a rate of 2 ml min −1 kg −1 body weight; cyclic AMP was measured in plasma obtained from the aorta and renal vein and in the urine. 2. During the natriuresis of ECVE urinary excretion of cyclic AMP, the clearance of cyclic AMP, net nephrogenous cyclic AMP added both to urine and to the renal vein and hence total nephrogenous cyclic AMP increased significantly. 3. This rise in net production of cyclic AMP and a significant natriuresis by the kidney persisted for 60–90 min after discontinuation of active ECVE and return of renal plasma flow to normal. 4. The results support the notion that an increase in the production of cyclic AMP by the kidney may play a role in the natriuresis of ECVE.
[Prevalence of dyslipidemia among non-overweight adults and related factors in Zhejiang].

Objective To understand the prevalence of dyslipidemia among non-overweight adults and related factors in Zhejiang province. Methods A total of 10 868 non-overweight adults (aged ≥18 years and BMI<24.0 kg/m2) included in a population-based cross-sectional survey on metabolic syndrome in Zhejiang province in 2010 were selected to conduct questionnaire survey, health examination and blood fat detection. Results The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia in this population was 41.38%. The prevalence was significantly higher in males (43.19%) than in females (39.84%) (χ2=12.53, P<0.001). The prevalence of dyslipidemia significantly decreased in males (trend χ2=47.61, P<0.001) but increased in females (trend χ2=3.88,P<0.05) with age. There was no significant difference in the prevalence between urban area (41.21%) and rural area (41.49%)(χ2=0.08, P=0.774). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that sex, family history of chronic diseases, smoking, alcohol use, high meat and egg diet, cooking with animal oil, physical activity, central obesity and BMI were factors related to prevalence of dyslipidemia. Conclusion The prevalence of dyslipidemia was high among the non-overweight adults in Zhejiang, and family history, smoking, high-fat diet, physical inactivity, central obesity seemed to be the major risk factors. Key words: Dyslipidemia; Prevalence; Influencing factors; Normal weight
How Can Music Foster Intimacy

我々の最初の親密な関係とは、自分の両親である。赤ん坊のとき、我々は安全と養育において自分の両親に深く依存している。我々の間のつながりは、顔の表情、身体の動き、そして声によって創られる。こうしたすべての事は、我々の内なる音楽性によって説明できる質を持っているのである。
Genetic variation and gene conversions within the bovine NK-lysin gene family.

Summary In contrast to a single copy of the NK-lysin gene in humans and many other mammals, we previously identified a family of four expressed NK-lysin genes arising by tandem duplications on cattle chromosome 11. Here, we report two genetic variants in the bovine NK-lysin complex with potential importance in the bovine innate immune system. The first one is a 9-bp deletion causing a three-amino-acid deletion in the pro-region of the NK1 gene product. The second is a deletion of NK2B in some Holstein cattle, resulting in copy number variation that is in disequilibrium with a SNP from the bovine 770K HD SNP array. We also show evidence for gene conversions within the three new NK2 genes, which at least partially accounts for their high degree of sequence identity.
When ERM Met Alma: The Intricacies of Content Management in a Shared Consortia Landscape

ABSTRACTIn 2013, after nearly two decades of operating in a distributed legacy Integrated Library System (ILS) environment on local servers, the Orbis Cascade Alliance, a consortium of public and private academic libraries in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho, began a two-year-long process to migrate its 37 members to a shared implementation of Ex Libris's cloud-based Alma library management system (LMS) and Primo discovery interface. Although much has been written on electronic resource management (ERM) functionality at an institution level, little has been written on serials and ERM functionality and workflows within a shared consortial environment. This article discusses the challenges and opportunities of implementing a consortial-based LMS, with particular emphasis on serials and ERM functionality. Key migration issues related to serials control, acquisitions, licensing, administration, cataloging, statistics, and interoperability are examined at the institutional and large-scale networked levels. Benefi...
A Comparison – Contrast of the Technical Understanding Exhibited by F.Y. Edgeworth in His Two 1922 Book Reviews of J. M. Keynes's a Treatise on Probability with that of the Keynesian Fundamentalists, Such As Runde, Skidelsky, O’Donnell, Carabelli, Feduzi and Lawson, between 1980 and 2016 – A Problem of Lost Knowledge

F. Y. Edgeworth, in 1922, demonstrated a very deep and penetrating understanding of the technical, mathematical, logical and statistical analysis provided by J M Keynes in 1921 in his magnum opus, the A Treatise on Probability. No other reviewer, except Bertrand Russell, showed such a great understanding of Keynes’s book. Edgeworth’s two reviews are, however, carried out with very high technical and analytic standards of mathematical, logical, statistical, and philosophical care. Edgeworth understood, like no other reviewer at that time or since, the great strengths of Keynes’s breakthroughs, as well as what the limitations of Keynes’s theory were. The Keynesian Fundamentalists lacked the technical training in mathematics, logic, and statistics that would be required to follow and duplicate what Edgeworth was doing in these reviews. Therefore, the two Edgeworth reviews and their content were skipped over by the Keynesian Fundamentalists, as well as by all other philosophers and economists. This unfortunate result was probably strengthened by the appearance in 2002 of a strange piece written on the history of economic thought at the interface between economics and statistics by Steven Stigler that erroneously claimed that Edgeworth’s reviews of Keynes’s A Treatise on Probability were as highly critical of Keynes’s work as was the empty diatribe published by Ronald Fisher in 1923 in the Eugenics Review. Nothing could be further from the truth. This paper demonstrates that there is no Keynesian Fundamentalist, philosopher or economist who is even close to Edgeworth in his grasp and understanding of the detailed mathematical and logical analysis provided by Keynes in 1921. All of the valuable summaries, analysis, commentary, support, and criticism of the positions presented by Keynes in the formulation of his logical approach to probability, made by Edgeworth in his two reviews of Keynes’s A Treatise on Probability (1921) in 1922, were lost in the years between 1922 and 2016.
Response to Letter to the Editor on "Periprosthetic Joint Infections Caused by Enterococci Have Poor Outcomes".

Abstract Background The definitive treatment and outcome of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) caused by enterococcal species is unknown. We performed a multi-institutional study to analyze the characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with enterococcal PJI and to define an effective treatment protocol. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all PJIs at three institutions between 1999 and 2014 using an electronic query followed by manual chart review. We included patients who met the Musculoskeletal Infection Society's criteria for PJI and had at least one positive intraoperative culture for any enterococcus species. We identified 87 patients who had 12-month follow-up or treatment failure (mean 4.03 years). Treatment failure was based on Delphi consensus criteria described previously. Kaplan-Meier survivorship analyses was performed. We assumed an alpha level of 0.05 for statistical significance. Results The overall incidence of enterococcal PJI was 4.2%. The overall treatment success was 51.7% (45/87). Thirteen cases (14.9%) that failed treatment had adverse outcomes including salvage procedures and PJI-related mortality. Treatment success stratified by procedure were 62.8%, 39.4%, and 45.5% for two-stage exchange arthroplasty, irrigation and debridement, and one-stage exchange arthroplasty, respectively (p=0.037). Antibiotic treatment was heterogeneous; although combination antibiotics demonstrated a trend towards higher treatment success, it was not statistically different from monotherapy regimens (p=0.174). Conclusion Enterococcal PJI has a high rate of treatment failure. Surgeons and patients should be aware of the difficulty in managing this condition and its dismal treatment outcomes. While antibiotic treatment was heterogeneous, there was a trend toward higher success rates when combination antibiotic therapy was used.
Reserve prices in repeated auctions

I consider a model of repeated auctions in which the distribution of bidders’ values is only known to the bidders and the seller attempts to learn this distribution to inform her choice of reserve prices in the future. I find that in any equilibrium bidders will shade their bids to act as if their values are drawn from a lower distribution than they actually are. The bid shading may be so severe that the seller would prefer to simply commit to setting the reserve price that would be optimal if bidders’ values were drawn from the lowest possible distribution to eliminate the incentive for bidders to shade their bids.
Deep reinforcement learning for SPORADIC rewards with HUMAN experience

This paper presents the ideal approach to how to minimize the time taken by reinforcement learning to train the model. Similar to Computer vision the progress in reinforcement learning is not influenced by new ideas but mostly by the computation, large data, infrastructure and efficiency of algorithm. These 4 things only influenced the reinforcement learning RL model. How much time it will take to train the neural network an hour, a day depends on the complexity of the problem. This paper will try to reduce the time (for training) by complex problems having sparse or sporadic rewards for inputs thus increasing the efficiency of the existing models per unit training time with the help of Pong and Montezuma game.
The Methyltransferase Setd8 Is Essential for Erythroblast Survival and Maturation

Erythropoiesis is a highly regulated process that generates enucleate red blood cells from committed erythroid progenitors. Chromatin condensation culminating in enucleation is a defining feature of this process. Setd8 is the sole enzyme that can mono-methylate histone H4, lysine 20 and is highly expressed in erythroblasts compared to most other cell types. Erythroid Setd8 deletion results in embryonic lethality from severe anemia due to impaired erythroblast survival and proliferation. Setd8 protein levels are also uniquely regulated in erythroblasts, suggesting a cell-type-specific role for Setd8 during terminal maturation. Consistent with this hypothesis, Setd8 Δ/Δ erythroblasts have profound defects in transcriptional repression, chromatin condensation, and heterochromatin accumulation. Together, these results suggest that Setd8, used by most cells to promote mitotic chromatin condensation, is an essential aspect of the transcriptional repression and chromatin condensation that are hallmarks of terminal erythroid maturation.
Sociological Theories of Violence

Violence is pervasive in the United States. The U.S. Department of Justice reported that during 1995, there were 7,947 hate crime incidents involving 9,895 separate offenses, 10,469 victims, and 8,433 known offenders reported to the FBI during 1995. And these data cover only 45 states and the District of Columbia—about 75% of the United States.
Introduction: state, society, and the individual in wartime China during the 1930s and 1940s

In the 140 years following the mid-nineteenth century, China was frequently caught up in wars whose causes and scales varied. In their frequency, duration, and scale, and in the large number of peo...
Diffusion Tensor Imaging in a Large Longitudinal Series of Patients With Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy Correlated With Long-Term Functional Outcome.

BACKGROUND Fractional anisotropy (FA) of the high cervical cord correlates with upper limb function in acute cervical cord injury. We investigated the correlation between preoperative FA at the level of maximal compression and functional recovery in a group of patients after decompressive surgery for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). OBJECTIVE To determine the usefulness of FA as a biomarker for severity of CSM and as a prognostic biomarker for improvement after surgery. METHODS Patients received diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans preoperatively. FA values of the whole cord cross-section at the level of maximal compression and upper cervical cord (C1-2) were calculated. Functional status was measured using the modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) scale preoperatively and at follow-up up to 2 yr. Regression analysis between FA and mJOA was performed. DTI at C4-7 was obtained in controls. RESULTS Forty-four CSM patients enrolled prior to decompression were compared with 24 controls. FA at the level of maximal compression correlated positively with preoperative mJOA score. Preoperative FA correlated inversely with recovery throughout the postoperative period. This was statistically significant at 12 mo postoperation and nearly so at 6 and 24 mo. Patients with preoperative FA 0.55. CONCLUSION In the largest longitudinal study of this kind, FA promises a valid biomarker for severity of CSM and postoperative improvement. FA is an objective measure of function and could provide a basis for prognosis. FA is particularly useful if preoperative values are less than 0.55.
Durable Clinical and Immunologic Advantage of Living Donor Liver Transplantation in Children

BackgroundDespite high survival in pediatric living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), only 10% of liver transplants in children in the United States are from living donors, reflecting reluctance to embrace this approach. In addition to optimal timing and graft quality, LDLT may offer immunologic b
Septo-optic Dysplasia : Assessment of Associated Findings with Special Attention to the Olfactory Sulci and Tracts.

Septo-optic dysplasia is a congenital disorder consisting of optic nerve hypoplasia and absent septum pellucidum. While associated anomalies have been described, olfactory sulcus and bulb-tract hypoplasia have been scantily reported and was the focus of this study. The picture archival and communications system and radiology information system (PACS-RIS) was searched over 15 years for patients with suspected septo-optic dysplasia (n = 41) and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Included patients had coronal (≤3 mm), axial (≤4 mm), and sagittal (≤4 mm) imaging reviewed by two staff neuroradiologists by consensus. Both olfactory sulcus and bulb-tract hypoplasia were ascribed a grade of 0 (normal) to 3 (complete hypoplasia). Other associated congenital anomalies were recorded, if present. Incidence of anomalies were compared to age-matched and gender-matched control patients. Out of 41 septo-optic dysplasia patients 33 were included (mean age = 120.7 months), with 8 excluded due to isolated septum pellucidum absence (n = 5), isolated bilateral optic hypoplasia (n = 2), or inadequate imaging (n = 1). An olfactory sulcus was hypoplastic on one or both sides in 14/33 (42.4%). Olfactory bulb hypoplasia was noted in one or both tracts in 15/33 (45.4%). A significant correlation was found between degree of olfactory sulcal and bulb-tract hypoplasia (ρ = 0.528, p = 0.0009). Other anomalies were: anterior falx dysplasia (n = 16, 48.5%), incomplete hippocampal inversion (n = 14, 42.4%), polymicrogyria (n = 11, 33.3%), callosal complete or partial agenesis (n = 10, 30.3%), schizencephaly (n = 8, 24.2%), ectopic posterior pituitary (n = 6, 18.2%), and nodular heterotopia (n = 4, 12.1%). Of the age-matched control patients 10/33 (30.3%) had at least mild anterior falx hypoplasia, and 1 control patient was noted to have unilateral incomplete hippocampal inversion (IHI); none of the age-matched control patients had olfactory sulcus or bulb-tract hypoplasia. Olfactory sulcus and bulb-tract hypoplasia are fairly common in septo-optic dysplasia and can be discordant between sides. Of the other associated anomalies, anterior falx dysplasia seems to be the most common.
Outdoor Education Entanglements: A Crone’s Epiphany

As lifelong learners and outdoor educators, reflecting deeply on our practices in the field is critical. But what if contemplation reveals our own shallow thinking and lack of understanding? What if it rattles the basic conventions upon which the field was built? I share here the re-turning of my wilderness journeys and my personal paradigmatic transformation towards agential realism. As an elder practitioner, I re-envisioned the assumptions that were implicit in my outdoor learning experiences and have discovered endless complexity and entanglement with the more-than-human natural systems. As readers reflect upon my journey, I challenge them to thoughtfully examine their own ways of knowing the field and to consider themselves as an entangled, embodied practice of that ever-changing, more-than-human complexity.
Comparing coherence and entanglement under resource non-generating unitary transformations

Quantum coherence is a fundamental property of quantum systems that can be studied within the framework of a quantum resource theory. From this resource-theoretic approach, many similarities emerge between coherence and quantum entanglement, the latter being another prominent quantum resource. In this paper, we study the relationship between coherence and entanglement from the perspective of resource loss/gain by unitary dynamics. Specifically we consider how much coherence can be either generated or destroyed on a bipartite system when the action is restricted to local unitary (LU) operations. For pure states, we find that the relative entropy of entanglement and the robustness of entanglement provide tight lower bounds on the amount of coherence that can be destroyed by LUs, as measured by the relative entropy and measures of coherence, respectively. This provides new operational interpretations of the entanglement entropy and robustness of entanglement in pure states as the minimal amount of coherence that persists when the system is subjected to LU transformations. We then study the amount of bipartite pure entanglement that can be either maximized or minimized when the action is restricted to a global incoherent operation. For two-qubit pure states, maximum and minimum are shown in terms of coefficients of given state with incoherent basis. Finally we consider a generalized version of the recently introduced CCP of a quantum channel.
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (mmpi-2)

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (mmpi) is among the most widely used and best-researched assessment devices in clinical psychology, with over ten thousand studies addressing the test existing in the literature. Over the past 60 years it has been used in developing diagnostic, treatment, and occupational placement decisions, assessing personality structure, obtaining prognostic information, and detecting relative psychological strengths and weaknesses across a variety of clinical and normal populations. The purpose of this chapter is to provide the reader with an overview of the development, psychometric properties, and the clinical interpretation of the instrument, supplemented with a case study reflecting the application of the mmpi-2 in a psychiatric population.
Introduction: Psychology and climate change

Abstract Climate change represents a significant threat to the wellbeing of people and societies. As the science of human behavior, psychology has much to contribute to both understanding and addressing that threat. This chapter gives an overview of the current and potential impacts of climate change on society, and outlines areas in which psychological research is relevant. Each of the remaining chapters in the volume is briefly introduced. Because climate change is ongoing and knowledge is still evolving, we highlight the urgent need for continued research in this area.
Clinical update on the management of pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) is a rare tumor with malignant potential which is generally located in the tail of pancreas. The prevalence of SPN has increased with widespread use of cross sectional imaging. SPN is often misdiagnosed due to nonspecific clinical presentation and accurate diagnosis is essential for optimal management. Endoscopic ultrasound-FNA with immunohistochemistry can help in preoperative diagnosis. Surgery is the treatment of choice and a successful R0 resection is curative. Overall, SPN has a good prognosis. This review article focuses on pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of SPN.