cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stress Corrosion Cracking Failure of Jackbolts for Die Casting Press

Several prematurely failed jack bolts were analyzed to determine the root causes of failure. Bolts were employed to ensure that die halves do not separate during casting of high pressure die castings of light metals. Fractography of jack bolts revealed unusual morphology consisting of both circumferential and longitudinal cracking. The basic fracture type was identified as transgranular cleavage (brittle) fracture mode. SEM / EDS analysis of the fracture surface revealed the presence of, to varying degrees, chemical species containing sulfur (S), oxygen (O) and chlorine (Cl). Material composition, heat treatment, microstructure and hardnesses of the jack bolts were found to be in agreement with the expected steel grade and properties. It was concluded that the failure of the bolts was due to a combination of inappropriately chosen mechanical properties of the bolts, operating stress, and the presence of corrosive environmental materials leading to ideal conditions that promoted stress corrosion cracking failures. Suitable remedial actions to alleviate the risk of SCC failure of the bolts are presented and discussed in the paper.
Intramolecular energy transfer reactions in polymetallic complexes

Abstract A series of polymetallic complexes are being developed for use in converting solar radiation to usable chemical potential energy. The system is made up of three components: 1) A highly-absorbing (antenna) metal center which absorbs visible light but is photochemically unreactive; 2) A second metal center which undergoes a useful chemical reaction from a non-spectroscopic excited state; and 3) A bridging ligand which couples the two metal fragments and facilitates intramolecular energy transfer from the antenna to the reactive fragment. This paper will focus on optimizing the three components of the system.
Can X-ray bursts be caused by substorms at a neutron star

A model for X-ray bursts from accreting neutron stars is developed by analogy with geomagnetic substorms. The essential steps in the substorm process are the nearly steady merging or reconnection of the magnetic field in the magnetosphere with the field in the stellar wind, the transport of some of the merged plasma into a magnetically controlled tail, and the explosive release of plasma from the tail into the magnetosphere. The strength of the magnetic field in the stellar wind required to drive a substorm is approximately 0.1 gauss. If the stellar wind is organized into large-scale magnetic sectors, as is the solar wind, topological dissipation will not occur, and the large-scale field will be available for merging at the magnetopause. Once the material is in the tail, the time scales for the Kruskal-Schwarzschild instability and the unidentified instability which drives terrestrial substorms may be comparable. Alternating periods of burst activity and quiescence could be caused by passage from one sector to another with opposite polarity, or be seasonal variations.
AMIDE: a free software tool for multimodality medical image analysis.

Amide's a Medical Image Data Examiner (AMIDE) has been developed as a user-friendly, open-source software tool for displaying and analyzing multimodality volumetric medical images. Central to the package's abilities to simultaneously display multiple data sets (e.g., PET, CT, MRI) and regions of interest is the on-demand data reslicing implemented within the program. Data sets can be freely shifted, rotated, viewed, and analyzed with the program automatically handling interpolation as needed from the original data. Validation has been performed by comparing the output of AMIDE with that of several existing software packages. AMIDE runs on UNIX, Macintosh OS X, and Microsoft Windows platforms, and it is freely available with source code under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
Optical intrinsic signal mapping of rod- and cone-mediated visual cortex responses in mice.

Abstract We used optical imaging of intrinsic signals to study visual cortex responses in three mouse strains: wild-type ( C57BL / 6J ), a strain with only rod function ( cpfl1 ), and a strain with only cone function ( rho −/− ). A stationary flicker light stimulus with intensity ranging from 10 8.6 to 10 15.5 photons/cm 2 /s was used. We found that the intrinsic signal patterns exhibited stimulus intensity-dependent changes. At a given stimulus intensity, the patterns of intrinsic signals were clearly different in the three strains. These results suggest that the lack of normal functions of certain photoreceptors induces significant reorganization in the visual neural systems in mice.
Multiple renal arteries do not pose an impediment to the routine use of laparoscopic donor nephrectomy

UNLABELLED Since the first description by Ratner and collegues in 1996, laparoscopic live-donor nephrectomy is gaining wide acceptance in an attempt to minimize the donor morbidity, length of hospital stay and length of time to return to work. It is unknown whether multiple renal arteries pose additional problems with laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. In November 1998, our institution initiated laparoscopic donor nephrectomy program. In the ensuing 19 months, we performed 25 living donor renal transplants, 24 of them using laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. The left kidney was procured in all cases. Eight donor candidates (33%) had two or more renal arteries (two arteries in five patients and three patients). RESULTS In six cases (25%), findings at surgery differed from the CT angography results (in four cases, CT angiogram reported fewer arteries than were found at surgery and in two cases it reported more). We found no significant differences in both donor outcomes and recipient, based on the presence or absence of multiple renal arteries. Among donor outcomes, we found equivalent results for donor warm ischemia time total donor operating time, and donor length of stay. For recipient outcomes, we found no significant differences between groups for the incidence of acute tubular necrosis (ATN), graft survival and most recent serum creatinine. In one case, we constructed two arteries into a single conduit on the backtable prior to transplantation. However, in most cases with multiple arteries, we implanted the arteries separately into the recipient external iliac artery. Based on this experience, we do not find the presence of multiple renal arteries to be a barrier to the successful use of kidney grafts procured by laparoscopic donor nephrectomy.
Examination of the Electrophoretic Behavior of Liposomes

The electromigration of liposomes is a complex process resulting in many unexpected behaviors that are difficult to address with existing theories. In this study, the electrophoretic behaviors of liposome populations under various conditions were examined through the use of capillary electrophoresis and the results compared to classical electrokinetic, colloid, and spheroid theories. To elucidate the possible effects of applied field strength, bilayer rigidity, and surface charge on these behaviors, the electrophoretic mobilities of liposome populations were monitored while varying the applied potential, ionic strength of the medium, and the surface charge and cholesterol content of the liposomes. On the basis of comparisons made to the theoretical predictions, our results suggest that liposomal deformation and field-induced polarization may occur during electrophoresis and these mechanisms help to describe many of the observed behaviors.
Changes in nuclear RNA transport incident to carcinogenesis.

Abstract Rats were treated with the hepatocarcinogens thioacetamide and dimethylnitrosamine and the release (transport) of RNA from the isolated liver nuclei to homologous or heterologous liver cytosol was evaluated in a cell-free system at various times after treatment. Within 24 hr of treatment, cytosol from the carcinogen-treated animals enhanced the release of RNA from liver nuclei of untreated rats. This enhanced transport capacity of the cytosol persisted up to 4 months after treatment; furthermore, the RNA transport from the liver nuclei of carcinogen-treated animals showed a partial loss of its ATP-dependence. Although the capacity of cytosol from treated animals to support RNA transport dropped below control levels by 9 months after treatment, the RNA transport from nuclei of the carcinogen-treated animals remained partially ATP-independent. This ATP-independence, which is also a characteristic of nuclei from hepatomas, is not a characteristic of the age of the animal, nor is it due to differences in the pool size of nuclear ATP or the requirement for polyadenylation of messenger RNA for transport.
DNA-Templated Organic Synthesis and Selection of a Library of Macrocycles

The translation of nucleic acid libraries into corresponding synthetic compounds would enable selection and amplification principles to be applied to man-made molecules. We used multistep DNA-templated organic synthesis to translate libraries of DNA sequences, each containing three “codons,” into libraries of sequence-programmed synthetic small-molecule macrocycles. The resulting DNA-macrocycle conjugates were subjected to in vitro selections for protein affinity. The identity of a single macrocycle possessing known target protein affinity was inferred through the sequence of the amplified DNA template surviving the selection. This work represents the translation, selection, and amplification of libraries of nucleic acids encoding synthetic small molecules rather than biological macromolecules.
Asteroid size distribution: Implications for the origin of stony-iron and iron meteorites

The diameter-frequency distribution of large asteroids is analyzed, based on polarimetric and radiometric albedo data. The population of carbonaceous objects shows a high degree of fragmentation. But a class of apparently stony-iron asteroids shows a relative excess frequency between diameters of 100 to 200 km. It is proposed that the latter objects are predominantly metallic cores of a group of chemically differentiated planetesimals all of which (except Vesta) have suffered catastrophic collisions. Collision frequencies in the asteroid belt may have been much greater than previously supposed.
Optimal Quantization of the Rayleigh Probability Distribution

We have derived an efficient and general algorithm for optimal quantization and applied it to the important, but neglected Rayleigh random variable. The optimal quantization range and output levels for the distortion criterion of minimum mean squared error have been calculated and tabulated for numbers of output levels from 1 to 64. We also compute and report the corresponding distortions and output entropies. For the sake of comparison, we also calculate and tabulate level spacings, minimum errors, and entropies for the optimal uniform (equal step size) quantization of the Rayleigh density. Distortion-rate curves are presented for uncoded and entropy coded quantizer outputs and compared with the distortion-rate function. We judge that these results will be useful to workers in the fields of optical holography, image processing, and communications.
Absorptive properties of synovium harvested from the carpal tunnel.

Ischemia-induced reperfusion injury seems to play an important role in the pathophysiology of "idiopathic" carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The common final pathway in this developmental sequence is thought to be an intermittent increase in interstitial pressure, leading to degenerative changes in the flexor tenosynovium and fibrotic changes in the perineural tissue. We hypothesize that this concurrently leads to alteration in the physical properties of the synovium, leading to its rapid and persistent swelling. A prospective study was conducted on synovial tissue obtained from 27 CTS patients. The in vitro synovial absorption rate of CTS patients was significantly higher in the first hour compared to controls (n = 7). This difference was maintained up to 5-6 h, albeit at a slower rate. Rapid absorption and retention of fluid by the synovium led to increased interstitial pressure and nerve compression, resulting in early and persistent manifestation of symptoms in sensitized patients.
Identification of a novel site specific endonuclease produced by Mycoplasma fermentans: discovery while characterizing DNA binding proteins in T lymphocyte cell lines.

Abstract We have discovered a new restriction endonuclease, MfeI, in nuclear extracts from T cells contaminated with Mycoplasma fermentans. This endonuclease was identified while studying proteins binding to the interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain gene promoter. MfeI cuts at the recognition sequence C'AATTG generating EcoRI compatible cohesive ends. Potential applications are discussed.
Unexpected developments in immune organs in WHIM syndrome.

In this issue of Blood , Balabanian and colleagues describe a mouse model of WHIM syndrome, a combined myeloid and lymphoid immunodeficiency disorder.[1][1] The results provide a high-definition histopathologic picture of the effects of WHIM mutation CXCR41013 on immune organs and suggest complex,
High-Dose Methylprednisolone Treatment in Experimental Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Previous studies using steroids for experimental focal stroke have demonstrated conflicting results, possibly related to dose used or ischemic models employed. In this study we examined high-dose methylprednisolone treatment following permanent and temporary focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Focal stroke was induced in spontaneously hypertensive rats by permanent right common carotid and either permanent or 3 h of temporary middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Methylprednisolone (105 mg/kg) was administered intra-arterially. Infarct volume was measured at 24 h after permanent and temporary MCA occlusion. Cerebral edema was determined by measuring right and left hemispheric volumes and water content 24 h after permanent MCA occlusion in one experiment. Methylprednisolone, whether administered in divided doses over 12 h (n = 15 in each group) or a single bolus (n = 9 per group), had no effect on infarct volume after permanent MCA occlusion. Methylprednisolone treatment also had no influence on cerebral edema (n = 9 per group). In two different experiments, methylprednisolone given in divided doses over 12 h (n = 11, n = 25) after temporary MCA occlusion decreased infarct volume (P < 0.05) by 20% compared with saline controls (n = 10, n = 25). High dose methylprednisolone decreased infarct volume following temporary, but not permanent, focal ischemia. The benefit suggests that high dose methylprednisolone may prove useful clinically if reperfusion can be established with thrombolytic agents. Furthermore, the differential treatment effect in the setting of comparable ischemic insults implies that different modifiable biochemical processes may be present during temporary but not permanent focal ischemia, thus providing indirect evidence for reperfusion injury.
The impact of amphetamine-related disorders on community psychiatric emergency services: 1993-1997

Trends in number, relative prevalence, and demographics of adult psychiatric admissions to the county psychiatric emergency service in Sacramento, California, for treatment of Amphetamine-Related Disorders (ARDs) (N = 2,428) between July 1993 and July 1997 were examined. ARDs accounted for 11.2% of all emergency admissions (N = 21,615) and were the most frequent substance-related disorder requiring admission during the study period. Patients with ARDs tended to be Caucasian or Hispanic males in their mid 30s. 38% of the ARD patients required further inpatient psychiatric care. The trends in numbers of ARDs tended to parallel other local and national non-psychiatric indicators of amphetamine-induced morbidity.
Selected In-Track Applications and Performances of Hot-Mix Asphalt Trackbeds

The use of a layer of asphalt within railway trackbeds has steadily grown since the early 1980s in the United States. Its primary use has been for maintenance and rehabilitation applications in existing tracks, particularly at special trackworks, to improve trackbed performance, and to a lesser extent for new trackbed applications where the projected longterm performance of the asphalt trackbed is anticipated to be economically justified. Normally the asphalt layer is 6 in. (150 mm) thick, placed on a prepared subgrade or granular subballast, and is subsequently topped with a layer of typical ballast. Accepted highway/railway construction practices are adhered to, including adequate preparation and compaction of the support layers. In addition, surface and sub-surface drainage aspects are evaluated on a site-specific basis and improvements are specified based on accepted engineering practices. This application does not deviate significantly from conventional all-granular trackbed designs, except the asphalt layer is substituted for a portion of the thickness of the granular subballast and ballast support materials.
Phylogeny of the Western Hemisphere Ozaenini (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Paussinae) based on DNA sequence data

ABSTRACT Western Hemisphere species of bombardier beetles in the carabid tribe Ozaenini are distributed from southern Arizona and southern Texas to southern Chile, with more than 80% of described species being endemic to the tropics. Recent taxonomic works variously classify the 145 described species into six or 17 genera, indicating general disagreement on what constitutes natural lineages in the group. This study provides the first phylogenetic analysis of the Western Hemisphere Ozaenini using DNA sequence data from the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. In the resulting trees, the following three suprageneric clades are supported by high bootstrap and posterior probability values: the Ozaena group (Ozaena Olivier + Platycerozaena Banninger + Goniotropis Gray), the Tropopsis group (Tropopsis Solier + Entomoantyx Ball and McCleve), and the Pachyteles group (Pachyteles Perty + Physea Brulle + Tachypeles Deuve + Inflatozaena Deuve + Filicerozaena Deuve + Proozaena Deuve + Serratozaena Deuve). Close relatio...
Selective Activation of Medial Prefrontal-to-Accumbens Projection Neurons by Amygdala Stimulation and Pavlovian Conditioned Stimuli

Medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) neurons respond to Pavlovian conditioned stimuli, and these responses depend on input from the basolateral amygdala (BLA). In this study, we examined the mPFC efferent circuits mediating conditioned responding by testing whether specific subsets of mPFC projection neurons receive BLA input and respond to conditioned stimuli. In urethane-anesthetized rats, we identified mPFC neurons that projected to the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) or to the contralateral mPFC (cmPFC) using antidromic activation. Stimulation of the BLA and Pavlovian conditioned odors selectively activated a subpopulation of ventral mPFC neurons that projected to NAcc, but elicited virtually no activation in mPFC neurons that projected to cmPFC. BLA stimulation typically evoked inhibitory responses among nonactivated neurons projecting to either site. These results suggest that the ventral mPFC-to-NAcc pathway may support behavioral responses to conditioned cues. Furthermore, because projections from the BLA (which also encode affective information) and the mPFC converge within the NAcc, the BLA may recruit the mPFC to drive specific sets of NAcc neurons, and thereby exert control over prefrontal cortical-striato-thalamocortical information flow.
Novel isodicentric chromosome 18 in an abnormal infant with a mosaic karyotype [46,XY/46,XY,-18,+dic(18)(q12.2]).

A previously unreported isodicentric chromosome 18 was discovered in an abnormal infant boy whose mosaic karyotype was 46, XY/46,XY,–18, + idic(18)(q12.2). His constellation of congenital anomalies was typical of the 18q-syndrome. The clinical and cytogentic characteristics of this patient are reported, and the literature concerning isochromosomes of 18 is reviewed.
Research misconduct policies of high impact biomedical journals

Several national and international organizations have recommended policies regarding journal responsibilities about research misconduct in submitted or published manuscripts. A search of Web sites of the fifty highest impact journals in a cluster of biomedical fields and a limited survey of their editors shows that few journals have formally adopted standards for dealing with questions of research misconduct. Publicly available policies may have a deterrent effect and can prevent arbitrariness in handling cases.
Spanish gender agreement under complete and incomplete acquisition: Early and late bilinguals' linguistic behavior within the noun phrase

The present study explores knowledge of Spanish grammatical gender in both comprehension and production by heritage language speakers and second language (L2) learners, with native Spanish speakers as a baseline. Most L2 research has tended to interpret morphosyntactic variability in interlanguage production, such as errors in gender agreement, as a lack of native-like representation in the learner's grammar because of maturational constraints. From this perspective, adult English-speaking learners of Spanish are incapable of acquiring gender fully, whereas heritage Spanish speakers, who have been exposed to the language from birth, can attain complete gender acquisition. However, results of two tasks, one measuring written comprehension and the other oral production, show that advanced proficiency L2 learners, as well as advanced proficiency heritage speakers, have gender in their underlying grammars, and that the errors in oral production that L2 learners occasionally produce are due to difficulties in the surface manifestations of the abstract features of gender, i.e., the “mapping problem” (Lardiere, 2007).
Malignant Struma Ovarii: Recurrence and Response to Treatment Monitored by Thyroglobulin Levels

A patient with malignant struma ovarii who had elevated thyroglobulin levels at the time of her original surgery was diagnosed with recurrence on the basis of progressive thyroglobulin level elevation while on thyroid suppressive therapy. Subsequent treatment with therapeutic doses of iodine-137 resulted in normalization of the elevated thyroglobulin level. The patient remains disease free on thyroid replacement.
Same-Sex Marriage in Canada: The Missing Debate about the Best Interests of Children

On July 20, 2005, Bill C-38 {the same-sex marriage bill) became law-the Civil Marriage Act in Canada. The purpose of this paper is to examine the immediate debate leading up to the enactment and in particular, how the question of children's interests was addressed throughout the process. This paper by no means purports to be an exhaustive treatment of the issues and arguments. The paper attempts to explain why children's interests are an integral part of the same-sex marriage debate, how their interests have been overlooked and why. It is divided into three parts. Part I addresses what is at stake for children, most notably family reconfiguration, and what this means according to empirical data. Part II examines the missing language about children and emphasizes how the best interests of the child have been largely overlooked by courts and members of parliament. Part Ill examines three reasons why adults' rights have taken precedence over the best interests of children.
Isolation of Lagged Economic Responses

A procedure is illustrated for isolating distributed lags between two selected subsets of independent variables and the dependent variable in demand equations. The procedure is applied to two equations representing the demand for pork. The results of the analyses suggest that conventionally formulated distributed lag models, i.e., models containing the assumption that all variables possess the same lag distribution, not only may produce biased elasticity estimates but also may frequently lead to incorrect interpretations of the dynamic relationship between changes in per capita income and changes in consumption.
Why Evidence

A goal of JERIC is to support educational practice by publishing articles that are useful to classroom instructors. One way of ensuring this utility is to require that claims are backed up by evidence. This evidence allows the reader to evaluate the potential effectiveness and transferability of any appraoches presented in these articles to their own courses and situations.
Sphingomyelinase D inhibits store-operated Ca2+ entry in T lymphocytes by suppressing ORAI current.

Infections caused by certain bacteria including Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis provoke inflammatory responses characterized by the formation of granulomas with necrotic foci—so-called caseous necrosis. The granulomas of infected animals show prominent infiltration by T lymphocytes, and T cell depletion increases host mortality. Notorious zoonotic C. pseudotuberculosis secretes sphingomyelinase (SMase) D, a phospholipase that cleaves off the choline moiety of sphingomyelin, a phospholipid found primarily in the outer leaflet of host cell plasma membranes. Experimental C. pseudotuberculosis strains that lack SMase D are markedly less infectious and unable to spread in hosts, indicating that this enzyme is a crucial virulence factor for sustaining the caseous lymphadenitis infections caused by this microbe. However, the molecular mechanism by which SMase D helps bacteria evade the host’s immune response remains unknown. Here, we find that SMase D inhibits store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) in human T cells and lowers the production of the SOCE-dependent cytokines interleukin-2, which is critical for T cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation, and tumor necrosis factor α, which is crucial for the formation and maintenance of granulomas in microbial infections. SMase D inhibits SOCE through a previously unknown mechanism, namely, suppression of Orai1 current, rather than through altering gating of voltage-gated K+ channels. This finding suggests that, whereas certain genetic mutations abolish Orai1 activity causing severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), bacteria have the ability to suppress Orai1 activity with SMase D to create an acquired, chronic SCID-like condition that allows persistent infection. Thus, in an example of how virulence factors can disrupt key membrane protein function by targeting phospholipids in host cell membranes, our study has uncovered a novel molecular mechanism that bacteria can use to thwart host immunity.
Beta-Gamma Directional Correlation in Re 186

The directional correlation between the nonunique first forbidden 934-kev beta group and the 137-kev $E2$ gamma transition in the decay of ${\mathrm{Re}}^{186}$ has been measured as a function of beta energy above 150-kev. Analysis of the experimental data included a correction for the finite energy resolution of the anthracene crystal scintillation spectrometer, which takes into account the effect of the backscattering of electrons from the crystal. The differential anisotropy increases with increasing beta energy to 0.158\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.006. The directional correlation $W(\ensuremath{\theta})=1+(0.105\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003){cos}^{2}\ensuremath{\theta}$ for beta energies of 257-934 kev, with no evidence for a ${cos}^{4}\ensuremath{\theta}$ term, in agreement with theoretical expectation for a first forbidden beta transition.Limited ranges for the ratios of the nuclear matrix elements governing the beta decay were obtained by comparison with theory, assuming the following: the spin and parity sequence (1-, 2+, 0+); the beta interaction mixture scalar plus tensor; point nuclear charge. Higher order terms in $\frac{2\ensuremath{\rho}}{\ensuremath{\alpha}Z}$ were included.
Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder and Comorbid Paranoid Schizophrenia

We report on the cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) of a patient with comorbid social anxiety disorder (SAD), schizophrenia, and major depressive disorder, complicated by alcohol abuse. Symptoms ...
What Skills Are Important? A Replication

The reported original research is a replication of an article published in 2001. Sociologists who work primarily in applied and in academic settings are asked to rank skills that are conventionally taught in graduate sociology programs. Comparisons are made between the rankings of skills by those sociologists working primarily in applied settings to the rankings of those working in academic settings. The analysis of data looks at which skills are ranked most and least important and skills used most and least often. Suggestions are offered on how graduate sociology programs promoting an applied focus can teach skills viewed as important by those practicing sociology outside the academy.
Large scale sand production experiments and optimization of sand control for unconsolidated sanstone reservoir

An large scale sand production equipment,which simulated radius flow status near wellbore,was developed for unconsolidated sandstone production evaluation.A series of experiments for Kenkiyak YS oilfield,Kazakhstan were performed.It was got that the law of oil rate,sand production and sand size change with time,also pressure differential law of formation,annulus and sand control tube.Four methods of sand control,including metal intertexture meshwork,metal sieve,screen tube,screentube + gravel pack,were selected to carry out production evaluation experiments.According to the results,a principle of ""limited sand control,effective production with sand,coarse sands controlled and finer sands produced" was presented.Sand control method and parameters for YS oil filed were optimized.Application in field got good results.
THE EFFECT OF THE NUTRITION THERAPY ON 55 CASES OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES

Objective To explore the use of reasonable nutrition treatment to the gestational diabetes. Methods In this hospital treated 55 cases of gestational diabetes with daily diet, carries on the reasonable individuation arrangement, the standardized management according to diabetes nutrition principle of treatment, and compare with the standard nutrition treatment for 26 cases without the standard nutrition treatment at the same time. Results The reasonable nutrition treatment has good result to the gestational diabetes, safeguarding the maternal infant healthy safety to have the positive function. Conclusion Reasonable nutrition treatment is essential for gestational diabetes.
Analysis on Issues of Energy Supply Security and Relevant Suggestions

As a rapidly growing economy,China has a huge demand for energy,and its national security is highly likely to be endangered if the country still heavily relies on energy from abroad or if it fails to gain control over energy supply.Analysis is made on the current situation of China's energy resources and on the impacts of future energy demand and energy security on the national security.Relevant suggestions are put forward to address the energy supply and the energy security issues of China in the future.
Foreign Military Intervention, Power Dynamics, and Rebel Group Cohesion

Third-party states use foreign military intervention as a tool to influence the outcome of intrastate conflict. The literature identifies other consequences associated with this intervention but has not yet examined its effect on rebel group cohesion. We might expect rebel groups to coalesce or splinter depending on the direction of the intervention. This paper tests this relationship on all intrastate armed conflicts during the period from 1975 to 2009. It finds that rebels tend to coalesce when a foreign power intervenes on their behalf. External interventions, whether supporting the rebels or the government, however, do not appear to influence rebel group splintering.
Emerging Vector-Borne Infections

The principles that regulate the transmission of vector-borne infectious agents are briefly described. In particular, the circumstances that may lead to human exposure to various North American zoonoses are analyzed.
Generation of an optical frequency comb in the green with silicon nitride microresonators

The first realization of a green-light frequency comb is reported in a silicon nitride ring microresonator, from third-order non-linear interaction of a near-infrared 1-THz spacing Kerr comb spanning 2/3 of an octave.
Career alternative: clinical trials.

1. Peter M Colaninno, MS CLS(NCA)[⇑][1] 1. is Laboratory Manager, Infectious Diseases, Icon Laboratories Inc, Farmingdale NY, and Adjunct Professor, Allied Health Professions, at St John's University, Jamaica NY, City University of NY, Queensborough Campus, State University of NY, Farmingdale Campus, and Hofstra University, Hempstead NY 1. Address for correspondence: Peter M Colaninno MS CLS(NCA), Laboratory Manager, Infectious Diseases, Icon Laboratories Inc, 260 Smith Street, Farmingdale NY 11735. As an adjunct professor instructing clinical laboratory science (CLS) students, I'm frequently asked about employment opportunities in the field. Historically, the proclivity of graduating students is to find employment in a hospital setting, but with hospitals under severe fiscal constraint, especially in the New York City area, they are no longer the hiring centers for clinical laboratory scientists (CLSs) that they were in the past.1,2 Because of this, graduates are forced to find career alternatives in order to utilize their degree. There are a number of employment opportunities available to CLSs.3,4 These include: Technical: Private laboratories; physician's office laboratories; college research laboratories; health maintenance organization and union health offices; government laboratories; state and city health departments; blood banks; veterinary offices. Non-technical: Inspector; infection control officer; quality assurance officer; safety officer; laboratory management; planning and development; information technology; risk management officer; consultant. Education: Teaching; administration; mentoring. Commercial: Marketing; sales; public relations; technical writing and illustrations.5 However, a career alternative that has come to the forefront in recent years is employment in a clinical trials laboratory. What are clinical trials? Clinical trials laboratories work closely with pharmaceutical companies to assist them in the FDA approval process of new compounds and are dedicated to testing samples procured from patients who are enrolled in phase 2, phase 3, and phase 4 trials, testing the efficacy of compounds being introduced by the pharmaceutical companies. After working in a hospital setting for more than 17 years as a microbiologist, I made the transition five years ago… ABBREVIATIONS: CAP = College of American Pathologists; FDA = Food and Drug Administration. [1]: #corresp-1
Convection and macrosegregation in Al-19Cu alloy directionally solidified through an abrupt contraction in cross-section: A comparison with Al-7Si

Abstract Hypoeutectic Al-19 wt. % Cu alloys were directionally solidified in cylindrical molds that featured an abrupt cross-section decrease 9.5 to 3.2 mm in diameter). Thermo-solutal convection and cross-section-change-induced shrinkage flow effects on macrosegregation were investigated. Dendrite clustering and extensive radial macrosegregation was seen, particularly in the larger cross-section before contraction. This alloy shows positive longitudinal macrosegregation near the contraction followed by negative macrosegregation right after it; the extent of macrosegregation, however, decreases with increasing growth speed. The degree of thermo-solutal convection was compared to another study investigating directional solidification of Al-7 wt. % Si [1] in order to study the effect of solutal expansion coefficient on macrosegregation. An interesting change of the radial macrosegregation profile, attributable to the area-change-induced-shrinkage flow, was observed very close to the contraction. A two-dimensional model accounting for both shrinkage and thermo-solutal convection was used to simulate solidification, the resulting steepling as well as axial and radial macrosegregation. The experimentally observed macrosegregation associated with the contraction during directional solidification was well predicted by the numerical simulations.
Validating RefUSA micro-data with the Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics Data

Abstract This paper validates the reliability of employment data in a frequently used establishment panel database assembled by InfoGroup by comparing it with employment and establishment data from the publicly available Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) and County Business Patterns (CBP) at the three-digit industry-by-state-by-year and two-digit industry-by-county-by-year levels between 1997 and 2013. We document substantial differences in both their cross-sectional and time series properties. Through an application involving the evaluation of the employment effects of state corporate tax rates, we also illustrate that the inclusion of fixed effects does not eliminate the bias associated with the extrapolation and/or other measurement error. These results suggest that both descriptive evidence and causal inference from the RefUSA data are unreliable.
Exploring Internet Addiction: Demographic Characteristics and Stereotypes of Heavy Internet Users

Internet addiction is a medically recognized disorder; several million Americans may suffer from it. Symptoms of Internet addiction are similar to those of other addictions and include heavy use of...
Advanced Path Generator for Sculptured Surface Machining

Abstract In the paper a new path generator for sculptured surface machining is proposed. First the task distribution in the free-form shaped part production is analyzed. Existing mathematical methods for surface description are summarized, and the 3- and 5-axis tool path generation is reviewed The state of the art in sculptured surface machining is assessed, and the initial results of an advanced path generator are presented. Finally the future work is outlined.
Hospital Discharge Within 1 Day After Total Joint Arthroplasty From a Veterans Affairs Hospital Does Not Increase Complication and Readmission Rates.

Abstract Background Attempts to control costs associated with total joint arthroplasty have included efforts to shorten hospital length of stay (LOS). Concerns related to patient outcomes and safety with decreased LOS persist. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether discharge on postoperative day (POD) 1 after joint replacement is associated with increased rates of 90-day return to the operating room, and 30-day readmissions and emergency department (ED) visits. Methods After chart review, 447 patients admitted between January 2, 2013 and September 16, 2016 met inclusion criteria. All patients underwent one total joint arthroplasty. Patients were either discharged on POD 1 (subgroup 1) or POD 2 or 3 (subgroup 2). Statistical evaluation was performed using Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests for continuous variables, and Fisher exact tests for categorical and frequency data. Statistical significance was established at P ≤ .05. Results Subgroup 1 had significantly fewer return trips to the operating room (P = .043) and significantly fewer 30-day readmissions (P = .033). ED visits were not significantly different between groups (P = .901). Conclusion Early discharge after joint arthroplasty appears to be a viable practice and did not result in increased rates of reoperation within the 90-day global period, or rates of 30-day readmission and ED visits. Our results support the utilization of an early discharge protocol on POD 1, with no evidence that shorter LOS results in higher rates of short-term complications.
Bibliographic and Scholarly Considerations of Revised History Dissertations [RD’s] Published by University Presses

Dissertations constitute a major characteristic of doctoral studies, culminating in a contribution to knowledge in academic disciplines. Representative of emerging methodological approaches and insights into current trends and schools of thought, in the humanities and social sciences, they can become the foundation for more research, refinement, resulting in a revised manuscript for publication as a book/monograph. For academic historians, dissertations, when revised become their first major scholarly contribution. University press books in history originating from revised dissertations [RD’s] for the years 1998–2013 were chosen for their intellectual and bibliographical characteristics, especially for disciplinary or inter/multidisciplinarity. Among findings, Interdisciplinary research is prominent, Euro-centric, and North American focused. Average pages per book is 200–299 and average price is $66.80. Presses are specialized and offset Cambridge and Oxford dominance in overall history publication. Moreover, [RD’s] appearing in area and subject studies constitute a strong focus.
Heroic Failure and the British. By Stephanie Barczewski. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2016. Pp. x, 267. $40.00.)

The Charge of the Light Brigade [1854] at the Battle of Balaclava during the Crimean War; the British defeat at Isandlwana [1879] during the Anglo‐Zulu War; General George Gordon's death [1884] at ...
The viability of stored human platelets.

Viability of normal human platelets preserved for short intervals at 4 C. was studied by in vitro labelling with Na2Cr51O4. As a criterion of viability two parameters were used: (1) the survival time of the infused platelets, and (2) the maximum percentage of platelet radioactivity which could be recovered in the circulation after infusion. From these two parameters the platelet viability index was calculated, and for stored platelets this was expressed in per cent of the value obtained with freshly prepared platelets. After 3 hours of storage at 4 C. the platelet viability index was reduced to 62 per cent. With longer periods of storage the viability of the platelets fell rapidly with viability indices of 12 per cent after 24 hours and 2 per cent after 48 hours. No significant difference was seen whether the platelets were stored as whole blood, as platelet-rich plasma, or as platelet concentrates suspended in a plasma medium. When stored in saline the platelets lost their viability more rapidly and the viability index was less than 5 per cent after only 24 hours. When the platelets were stored for 24 hours in a DAS-gelatin medium, their viability fell to insignificant levels within 24 hours. Platelets frozen in glycerol-plasma and stored for 24 hours at —75 C. showed reduction of viability to one-fifth the value obtained with fresh, unfrozen platelets. Even without storage the frozen platelets showed similar values of viability. From these results the following conclusions may be drawn: 1. Conventional methods of storage at 4 C. result in rapid loss of platelet viability. An inverse, almost logarithmic, relationship exists between time of storage at 4 C. and platelet viability. The glycerol-freezing technique, although better than most available methods, induces a great loss in platelet viability. 2. At present no method can be advised by which platelets can be preserved in viable form even for relatively short periods of time. However, it is important to know that in the absence of plasma, platelet viability is lost more rapidly than in a plasma medium. 3. From the data obtained, it seems advisable for the practice of platelet transfusion to infuse platelets within less than 3 hours after collection. 4. Methods of improving the viability of stored blood platelets based upon their metabolic needs are strongly warranted and are now under study.
Column Interconnects: A Path Forward for Embedded Cooling of High Power 3D Chip Stacks

In this paper we present a novel approach to addressing the challenges of integrating embedded cooling into 3D chip stacks with multiple large high power die layers. 3D chip stacks require the integration of through silicon vias (TSVs) in the active device die layers, with demonstrated reliable production capable processes limiting the height of such vias (and thus the active device die thickness) to approximately 50 micrometers for integrated copper vias, creating constraints on channel height. Limited channel height capability constrains the power which can be transferred to the coolant at reasonable coolant pressure drops. An ideal solution to integrating embedded cooling into a stack of large high power dies would allow higher channel height and require no additional processing of the active dies. In this work we describe and provide initial experimental results for an approach that meets this ideal. In this approach a separate interconnect/channel defining structure is created utilizing a die thinned to a thickness compatible with TSV processes that do not require active device integration. Reliable TSV heights of 100 micrometers or more are obtainable when integration with fine wiring or active devices is not required on either end of the TSV. The thinned die is attached to a handler wafer utilizing a blanket adhesive process. TSV structures along with endpoint metallurgies (pads, solder bumps, etc) are created in the thinned die either before or after thinning and handler attach, depending on the exact TSV and endpoint metallurgy processes chosen. Pillar and/or channel wall structures are lithographically laid out to incorporate the TSVs. The die area outside these pillar/wall structures is completely etched away with a Deep Reactive Ion Etch (RIE) process, leaving an array of fully separated pillar/wall structures attached to the handler wafer. This wafer may, if desired, then be diced into active-die sized arrays. These structures are now attached to receiving pads/solder bumps on one active die or wafer. The handler wafer/die is then released from the structures, leaving them standing attached to the active die or wafer. Finally a second active die or wafer is attached to the other end of the structures, creating coolant channels with embedded TSVs. The process can be repeated with an arbitrary number of active die/interconnect array pairs. The initial experimental work presented here demonstrates this process without integrated TSV's, showing that it is possible to create such structures, attach them to a die, release the handler, and attach a die to the other end of the structures thus creating coolant channels or cavities. This approach and initial demonstration show the potential for reliable high power 3D integration of embedded cooling using active dies incorporating demonstrated TSV processes
Trans-Translation As A Target For Novel Antibiotics

The trans-translation pathway rescues ribosomes stalled at the end of mRNAs in bacteria. This pathway is required for viability or virulence in many species, but is not targeted by existing antibio...