cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
LAPAROSCOPIC VERSUS OPEN RADICAL NEPHRECTOMY: A 9-YEAR EXPERIENCE

Purpose: The laparoscopic approach for renal cell carcinoma is slowly evolving. We report our experience with laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and compare it to a contemporary cohort of patients with renal cell carcinoma who underwent open radical nephrectomy.Materials and Methods: From 1990 to 1999, 32 males and 28 females underwent 61 laparoscopic radical nephrectomies for suspicious renal cell carcinoma. Clinical data from a computerized database were reviewed and compared to a contemporary group of 33 patients who underwent open radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma.Results: Patients in the laparoscopic radical nephrectomy group had significantly reduced, estimated blood loss (172 versus 451 ml., p <0.001), hospital stay (3.4 versus 5.2 days, p <0.001), pain medication requirement (28.0 versus 78.3 mg., p <0.001) and quicker return to normal activity than patients in the open radical nephrectomy group (3.6 versus 8.1 weeks, p <0.001). The majority of laparoscopic specimens (65%) were morcellate...
Making Visible: Creating an Architect’s Guide to Customized Repetitive Manufacturing

With the use of computer numerical controlled (CNC) equipment, architects and manufacturers have been working together to customize the molds, jigs, or patterns used in repetitive manufacturing for specific project design’s building components. I am proposing the term ‘customized repetitive manufacturing’, or CRM, to reference this type of work. CRM is a necessary alternative to mass customization for the manufacturing of architectural components. CRM includes those repetitive manufacturing processes with relatively low capital costs and that can support low- to mid-volume production runs of repeatable objects. CRM allows for customization from the designer, while balancing the need for repetition in order to remain cost effective. This balance makes CRM easily applicable for the custom design of architectural components. This paper will make visible architects and building designers that have used CRM for their building designs. Through my research, I have selected twelve recently completed case studies; each of the case studies customized a different repetitive manufacturing process. Unfortunately, through my research I have found a lack of resources that are available to educate architects about customizable repetitive manufacturing processes. This paper will demonstrate that there is a need for a resource that illustrates the possibilities of customized repetitive manufacturing to architectural design.
Inequalities for the Fractional Derivatives of Trigonometric Polynomials in Spaces with Integral Metrics

We establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the validity of Bernstein-type inequalities for the fractional derivatives of trigonometric polynomials of several variables in spaces with integral metrics. The problem of sharpness of these inequalities is investigated.
Is the Wedding of Trade and Human Rights a Marriage of Convenience or a Lasting Union

This review essay in Human Rights and Human Welfare riffs on Emily Hafner Burton's new book on trade and human rights to examine the relationship in trade agreements. I argue these links are increasingly binding and a growing number of countries adopt, require, and accept them.
Bulletproofing the Psyche: Mindfulness Interventions in the Training Environment to Improve Resilience in the Military and Veteran Communities

While clinical health services exist for service members with existing mental health conditions like posttraumatic stress, they are not stemming the rising tide of service suicides. A new approach to mental health intervention and suicide prevention in military-connected personnel is required, one that speaks to the participatory, hardworking ethos of military culture. Social work and health promotion professionals working to prevent and treat mental health problems like depression and stress injuries must understand the confluence of warrior culture and mental health issues in the veteran community. While the research literature does not yet address this confluence issue directly, programs exist that provide guidance, and a mindfulness-based training protocol may provide the answer. The purpose of this review is to provide programming recommendations based on a review of successful exemplars in treatment settings, the limited evaluation of best practices currently available when working with this priority population in prevention settings, and a cultural analysis of the military veteran community.
Injury prevention programs against distracted driving among students.

INTRODUCTION: Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death and nonfatal injury among young adults. The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of distracted driving (DD) among students and to examine the effectiveness of awareness campaign against DD. We hypothesized that DD is prevalent among students and educational efforts such as distracted driving awareness campaign can effectively reduce it. METHODS: This study was conducted within the University of Arizona that has a student enrollment of 42,000 students. We conducted our prospective interventional study in four phases at the University campus. Phase one: 1 week pre-intervention observation, phase two: 1 week intervention, phase three: 1 week post-intervention observation, and phase 4: 1 week 6 month post-intervention observation. We used a combination of emails, pamphlets, interactive sessions, and banners as intervention tools in student union. Our primary outcome was the prevalence of DD pre, post, and 6 months post intervention. RESULTS: A total of 47,764 observations (Pre: 14,844, Post: 17,939, 6-months Post: 14,981) were performed. During the study period, overall rate of distracted driving rate among the students was 8.8±5.4 per 100 drivers (Texting; 4.8±3.7 per 100 drivers, Talking; 3.9±2.0 per 100 drivers).The baseline rate of DD among students during the phase one was 9.0 ± 1.2 per 100 drivers (Texting: 4.8 ± 1.7 per 100 drivers, Talking: 4.1 ± 1.1 per 100 drivers). Following intervention, there was a 32% significant reduction in overall DD (9.0 ± 1.2 vs. 6.1 ± 1.7, pCONCLUSION: Distracted driving is prevalent among university students. Following a comprehensive preventive campaign against distracted driving, there was a 32% reduction in the rate of distracted driving in the immediate post-intervention. However, a single episode of intervention did not have a sustainable preventive effect on the DD and the rate increased to the baseline at 6-month follow up. Targeting DD with a successful injury prevention campaign with repeated boosters may decrease its prevalence among the students. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II, interventional study. Keywords: Driver distraction Language: en
Enzymic formation of esters of methyl sterol precursors of cholesterol

For investigation of the reactions of cholesterol biosynthesis, a number of workers use the 10,000 g supernatant fraction (or similar preparations) obtained from cell-free homogenates of rat liver. We have found that esters of methyl sterol biosynthetic intermediates are formed by this crude source of enzymes. Esters of (C30-, C29-, C28-, and C27-sterol intermediates have been isolated by silicic acid chromatography of an acetone extract of incubation mixtures. Competition between ester formation and demethylation of the C28-sterol intermediate has been demonstrated. With 4α-methyl-5α-cholest-7-en-3β-ol as substrate, maximal velocities of ester formation (0.36 nmole/30 min per mg of protein) were almost equivalent to maximal velocities of demethylation (0.45 nmole/30 min per mg of protein). Ester formation may be eliminated by carrying out incubations with microsomal preparations; ester formation may be restored completely upon addition (to the microsomes) of either coenzyme A and ATP or the supernatant fraction resulting from centrifugation at 105,000 g. Ester formation has been examined similarly with broken-cell preparations of rat skin. With 4α-methyl-5α-cholest-7-en-3β-ol as substrate, the rate of ester formation was more than six times the rate of methyl sterol demethylation. The very significant competition between esterification and demethylation of methyl sterol intermediates of skin suggests that sterol intermediates accumulate in rat skin because of the rapid formation of esters that may not be further metabolized.
Dynamical Signature of Abasic Damage in DNA

Time-dependent Stokes shift (TDSS) responses in proteins and DNA exhibit a broad range of long time scales (>10 ps) that are not present in bulk aqueous solution. The physical interpretation of the long TDSS time scales in biomolecular systems is a matter of considerable debate because of the many different components present in the sample (water, biomolecule, counterions), which have highly correlated motions and intrinsically different abilities to adapt to local perturbations. Here we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to show that the surprisingly slow (∼10 ns) TDSS response of coumarin 102 (C102), a base pair replacement, reflects a distinct dynamical signature for DNA damage. When the C102 molecule is covalently incorporated into DNA, an abasic site is created on the strand opposite the C102 probe. The abasic sugar exhibits a reversible interchange between intra- and extrahelical conformations that are kinetically stable on a nanosecond time scale. This conformational change, only possible in d...
Sector Rotation with Macroeconomic Factors

Implementing sector rotation strategies with a set of low-frequency economic measures, the authors construct long-only sector exchange traded fund (ETF) portfolios that respond differently to the economy via alternative optimization methods, such as mean–variance and low-volatility allocations. These economic-based portfolios, when assessed against the S&P 500 Index and the equal-weighted ETF portfolio, performed relatively well in absolute and relative terms, for the whole period as well as subperiods. This study sheds further light on the effectiveness of economic factors when applied to investment strategies.
Perceived self-infliction and evaluation of obese and handicapped persons.

Obese persons, usually, are rated more negatively than other handicapped individuals (Galper & Weiss, 1976). The purpose of this study was (1) to determine whether it is perceived self-infliction that leads obesity to be evaluated more negatively than other disorders and (2) to determine whether overt (trait characteristics) and covert (intention amribution) judgments are in agreement. Drawings of men and women who were of normal weight or obese, showed spinal curvature, or were wheel-chair bound were presented to college students, paired with a story that indicated whether or not the condition was self-inflicted. One hundred sixty subjects rated the drawing-story pairings on 1 8 bipolar traits, e.g., lazy-energetic, depressed-happy, bottles up anger-expresses anger appropriately, clean-sloppy. One hundred sixty other subjects indicated how likely it was that a person depicted in a particular drawing-story pairing would respond to a wide range of situations depicting work, school, family, and social interactions with a range of socially desirable and undesirable responses. This was called the intention-attribution situation. Each of the 18 bipolar traits was analyzed in a 2 x 2 X 4 (inflictions. sex. type of handicap) analysis of variance. The same analysis was used to evaluate the 50 intention-attribution situations. There were 10 stories with 5 alternative endings to each. totalling 50 intention-attribution situations. In the overt judgments, self-infliction was significant in 13 of the 15 bipolar traits that discriminated. When problems were self-inflicted, persons were viewed as having poorer social skills, being less likeable, less emotionally stable, less adaptive, less attractive, less intelligent, etc., than those whose difficulries were non-self-inflicted. When type of handicap was significant, the largely negative evaluation of the obese contributed. They were seen as lazy, having poor relations with the opposite sex, and dependent but generous. Most of the variance in evaluating how the persons depicted in the drawing-story would respond to the situations assessed could be accounted for by the main effects, particularly those due to causes of the handicap (self-infliction) and the nature of the handicap (obesity). Characteristics of the sicuation may also be important. Types and causes of handicap were significant in only one-third of the situations judged. The results were consistent with the conclusion that, in general, the obese are devalued because they are perceived as having a self-inflicted handicap.
Low-energy structure of 40 S through 40 P β decay

Results from the study of the \ensuremath{\beta} decay of ${}^{40}\mathrm{P},$ produced in the fragmentation of a ${}^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$ beam, are presented. The ${}^{40}\mathrm{P}$ half-life and delayed-neutron emission probability have been measured to be $153\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}8 \mathrm{ms}$ and $15.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.1%,$ respectively. On the basis of \ensuremath{\gamma}-ray singles and $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ coincidence data, $21\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays have been assigned to the decay. Three \ensuremath{\gamma} rays are assigned to excited states in ${}^{39}\mathrm{S}$ populated in the delayed-neutron branch while a total of $15\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays were placed in a level scheme for ${}^{40}\mathrm{S}$ with nine excited states up to 5 MeV. The structure of low-energy states in ${}^{40}\mathrm{S}$ has been fit using the geometrical collective model that indicates the structure to be consistent with that of an anharmonic oscillator with a soft potential.
A Kind of Experimental Material Suitable for Plant Tissue Culture——Kalanchoe Blossfeldiana

In experimental teaching,with tender leaves,young stem and flower as explants and take MS as basic medium in tissue culture to investigate the effect of the marching of different hormone on the induction.The experimental result shows that different concentrations and different kinds of hormone have induced products differently.
Radiometric microbiological assay of vitamin B6: assay simplification and sensitivity study.

Modification of a previously developed radiometric microbiological assay for vitamin B6 reduces assay complexity and time. Reduction of enzymatic treatment from 24 to 3 h essentially eliminates one day's time for the analysis of plasma samples. Use of lyophilized Kloeckera brevis cultures eliminates routine subculturing of the test organism, with no significant effect on test results. Modifications in test vial size and total volume in test vials have increased assay sensitivity to a level of 0.25 ng pyridoxine (PN), pyridoxal (PL), or pyridoxamine (PM) per vial level and decreased the amount of medium and labeled substrate (i.e., L-[1-14C]-valine), thus reducing assay cost.
The Confounding Effects of Particle Size and Substrate Bulk Density on Phanerochaete chrysosporium Pretreatment of Panicum virgatum

Phanerochaete chrysosporium treatment is less effective as a biological pretreatment on feedstock with larger particle sizes. We hypothesized that the improved effectiveness of the pretreatment when smaller particle sizes are used may be due to the inherently higher bulk density with smaller particle sizes. The effects of substrate bulk density and particle size on the efficacy of P. chrysosporium pretreatment of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) was tested experimentally. Phanerochaete chrysosporium was grown on senesced switchgrass (2 different particle sizes) with various bulk densities. In all treatments, the fungal-pretreated samples released more glucose during enzymatic saccharification than the control sample. Substrate bulk density was a statistically significant factor in explaining the variation in the amount of glucose released per gram of substrate used. However, the particle size was not found to be a significant factor. On-farm switchgrass pretreatment may not require particle size reduction if the switchgrass is supplied in high-density bales.
Changes in Glucose Homeostasis and Systemic Inflammation Following an 8-week Exercise Only and 8-week Exercise Plus Dietary Weight Management Intervention among Overweight and Obese African American Older Adults with Osteoarthritis

Background. Obesity is associated with impaired fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance (IR) and low-grade in- flammation, all of which are risk factors for chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D). Glucose metabolism and inflammation can be modified with lifestyle changes, although few studies have examined the impact of behav - ioral lifestyle interventions conducted in a “real world” community-based setting on these parameters in overweight and obese older African American (AA) adults with osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to examine the impact of an 8-week exercise only and 8- week exercise plus dietary weight management intervention on glucose me - tabolism and systemic inflammation in older overweight and obese AA adults with pre-existing lower extremity OA. Methods. Participants were randomized to an 8-week exercise-only (n=59) or exercise plus dietary weight manage - ment (n=48) intervention. Baseline and post-intervention body measures (weight, BMI, and percent body fat) and fasting serum glucose, serum insulin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 were assessed. The homeo - static model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was also calculated. Demographic and health-related data were obtained via questionnaire at baseline. Generalized estimating equations to compare changes from baseline ad - justed for BMI and Spearman’s correlation examining the relationship between change in body measures and change in inflammation and glucose metabolism were also examined. Results. The participants were predominately female (86%) with mean age of 67.1 (± 5.6) years and mean BMI of 34 kg/m 2 (95% Confidence Interval: 31.9 – 36.1 kg/m 2 ). Participants in the exercise plus dietary weight management group lost significantly more weight on average than those in the exercise-only group (-2.0 vs. -0.1 kg; p < 0.001). There was no significant between-groups change in markers of inflammation or glucose metabolism, although a clin - ically meaningful 5% (-5.1 mg/dl) decline in glucose from baseline was observed in the exercise plus dietary weight management group. Conclusions. An 8-week exercise plus dietary weight management intervention has potential clinical relevance in regard to improving both body weight and glucose metabolism in a population at elevated risk for T2D and its related complications. Acknowledgements. This work was supported by the National Institute on Aging at NIH (grant number: R01AG039374) and the American Cancer Society Illinois Division (grant number: 261775).
Communicating Corporate Social Responsibility on Social Media: Strategies, Stakeholders, and Public Engagement on Corporate Facebook

The purpose of this study was to explore what corporations with good reputations communicate on social media. Based on a content analysis of 46 corporate Facebook pages from Fortune’s “World’s Most...
Orthostatic Hypotension in Middle-Age and Risk of Falls.

BACKGROUND: One-third of older adults fall each year. Orthostatic hypotension (OH) has been hypothesized as an important risk factor for falls, but findings from prior studies have been inconsistent. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of the association between baseline OH (1987-1989) and risk of falls in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Falls were ascertained during follow-up via ICD-9 hospital discharge codes or Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services claims data. OH was defined as a drop in systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥20mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥10mm Hg within 2 minutes of moving from the supine to standing position. Changes in SBP or DBP during OH assessments were also examined as continuous variables. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 23 years, there were 2,384 falls among 12,661 participants (mean age 54 years, 55% women, 26% black). OH was associated with risk of falls even after adjustment for demographic characteristics and other risk factors (hazard ratio (HR): 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10, 1.54; P = 0.002). Postural change in DBP was more significantly associated with risk of falls (HR 1.09 per -5mm Hg change in DBP; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.13; P CONCLUSIONS: In a community-based, middle-aged population, OH, and in particular, postural change in DBP, were independent risk factors for falls over 2 decades of follow-up. Future studies are needed to examine OH thresholds associated with increased risk of falls.© American Journal of Hypertension, Ltd 2016. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com. Language: en
Families of 0-dimensional submanifolds on supercurves

In the present paper we prove that the Hilbert scheme of 0-dimensional subspaces on supercurves of dimension $(1|1)$ exists and it is smooth. We show that the Hilbert scheme is not split in general.
Spotlight on Laboratory Medicine: A Call for Reflections.

The increased attention from patients, health systems, payers, lawmakers, staff, and students provides an opportunity for laboratory medicine to voice their concerns and share in shaping the new healthcare environment. The editorial staff of The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine has dedicated a section in each issue for Laboratory Reflections. It is our intent to provide a forum to share insights on …
Computational modeling of airway instability and collapse in tracheomalacia

Tracheomalacia (TM) is a condition of excessive tracheal collapse during exhalation. Both acquired and congenital forms of TM are believed to result from morphological changes in cartilaginous, fibrous and/or smooth muscle tissues reducing airway mechanical properties to a degree that precipitates collapse. However, neither the specific amount of mechanical property reduction nor the malacic segment lengths leading to life threatening airway collapse in TM are known. Furthermore, the specific mechanism of collapse is still debated. Computational nonlinear finite element models were developed to determine the effect of malacic segment length, tracheal diameter, and reduction in tissue nonlinear elastic properties on the risk for and mechanism of airway collapse. Cartilage, fibrous tissue, and smooth muscle nonlinear elastic properties were fit to experimental data from preterm lambs from the literature. These elastic properties were systematically reduced in the model to simulate TM. An intriguing finding was that sudden mechanical instability leading to complete airway collapse occurred in airways when even a 1 cm segment of cartilage and fibrous tissue properties had a critical reduction in material properties. In general, increased tracheal diameter, increased malacic segment length coupled with decreased nonlinear anterior cartilage/fibrous tissue nonlinear mechanical properties increased the risk of sudden airway collapse from snap through instability. Modeling results support snap through instability as the mechanism for life threatening tracheomalacia specifically when cartilage ring nonlinear properties are reduced to a range between fibrous tissue nonlinear elastic properties (for larger diameter airways > 10 mm) to mucosa properties (for smaller diameter airways < 6 mm). Although reducing posterior tracheal smooth muscle properties to mucosa properties decreased exhalation area, no sudden instability leading to collapse was seen in these models.
Beyond Hybrids: Metaphors and Margins in Design

This paper offers a critical reflection on the term "hybrid"? a term describing the merging of distinct and often contradictory entities. We trace how the term has been taken up in HCI's programs of design research to explore resolutions between two disparate entities, typically human and machine or the digital and analog. Drawing from programs of feminist technoscience, we suggest an alternative metaphor for designing coproductions. This approach emphasizes the contradictory and collective work of smoothly integrating social categories. We show how designing coproductions begins by locating places where categories break down-where humans are like machines or where the digital can be experienced physically-and uses design to draw out and reflect upon the ever-changing relationship with digital and non-digital domains.
A Longitudinal Study of Child Maltreatment and Mental Health Predictors of Admission to Psychiatric Residential Treatment Facilities

The child welfare system is an access point for children’s mental health services. Psychiatric residential treatment facilities (PRTFs) are the most restrictive, and most expensive setting for children to receive long-term care. Given the high rates of behavioral health concerns among maltreated children in out-of-home care, research is needed to examine the factors that predict entry in PRTFs among children investigated for maltreatment. This exploratory study used cross-sector administrative records linked across multiple systems, including child welfare records and Medicaid claims, from a single state over a five-year period (n = 105,982). Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to predict entry into a PRTF. After controlling for many factors, PRTF entry was predicted by diagnosis code indicating a trauma-related condition, antipsychotic medication prescriptions, and entry into lower levels of out-of-home care, supporting the view that youth are admitted to PRTFs largely due to clinical need. However, PRTF admission is also associated with characteristics of their experiences with the social service system, primarily foster care placement stability and permanency. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
The functional triad: computers in persuasive roles

This chapter provides information to functional triad, which is a conceptual framework that illustrates the three roles computing technology can play—tool, media, and social actor. These three functions capture how people use or respond to virtually any computing product, from simple products such as a portable electronic pedometer to sophisticated products such as such as TurboTax for the Web. The chapter also provides an overview of these three key elements of the functional triad. In functioning as tools, computers can influence people in a number of ways; they can make a target behavior easier to perform, lead users through a process, or perform calculations or measurements that motivate. When functioning as sensory media, computing technology can persuade people by providing compelling experiences through simulations. When computing products adopt the role of social actor, they persuade people by applying the same persuasion principles that humans use to influence others; as social actors, computers can persuade people to change their attitudes or behaviors by rewarding them with positive feedback, modeling a target behavior or attitude, or providing social support.
Learner Differences and Hint Content

Because feedback affects learning, it is central to many educational technologies. We analyze properties of hint feedback in an intelligent tutoring system for high school geometry. First, we examine whether feedback content or feedback sequence is a better predictor of student performance after feedback. Second, we investigate whether linguistic features of hints affect performance. We find that students respond to different hint types differently even after accounting for student proficiency, skill difficulty, and prior practice. We also find that hint content, but not linguistic features affects performance. The findings suggest that tutoring system developers should focus on individual learner differences and feedback content.
On hyperbolic method for diffusion with discontinuous coefficients

Abstract It is shown that the hyperbolic method, if formulated with diffusive fluxes as additional solution variables, works directly and naturally for diffusion problems with discontinuous coefficients as well as discontinuous tangential fluxes across a material interface. A suitable formulation is given, and numerical examples are shown to demonstrate that a hyperbolic scheme can produce exact non-differentiable piecewise-linear solutions for problems with discontinuous coefficients and tangential fluxes.
Introduction: Challenges in Reducing Disparities in Reproductive and Perinatal Outcomes Through Evidence-Based Public Health

Over the past decade, there has been an increased focus on the use of “evidence” to enhance practice in the delivery of health and human service. While there are multiple reasons for the advent of evidence-based public health (EBPH), the pressure for increased accountability in public health has arisen in part because of the increasing focus on the generation and use of evidence in the field of clinical medicine (Evidence-Based Medicine), public health’s major partner in improving health status. As a book about the potential of public health approaches to reduce racial/ethnic disparities in reproductive and parinatal health outcomes, the reviews of the variety of interventions discussed within are subject to some of the unique challenges of evidence-based public health in cantrast to those presented by evidence-based medicine (EBM). The focus of this chapter is to briefly discuss the difference between EBPH and EBM and to delineate some of the global and specific challenges that researchers and practitioners face when engaging in EBPH.
Influence of Texture and Temperature on the Dynamictensile-Extrusion Response of High-Purity Zirconium

To create comprehensive models of mechanical deformation in Zirconium (Zr) it is important to observe the effect of high strain on the material. The mechanical behavior and damage evolution in textured, high-purity zirconium (Zr) is influenced by strain rate, temperature, stress state, grain size, and texture. In particular, texture is known to influence the slip-twinning response of Zr, which directly affects the work hardening behavior at both quasi-static and dynamic strain rates. However, while microstructural and textural evolution of Zr in compression and to relatively low strains in tension has been studied, little is understood about the dynamic, high strain, tensile response of Zr. Here, the influence of texture on the dynamic, tensile, mechanical response of high-purity Zr is correlated with the evolution of the substructure. Experiments will be conducted using dynamic-tensile-extrusion process. A bullet-shaped sample has been impacted into a high-strength steel extrusion die and soft recovered in the Taylor Anvil Facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Finite element modeling that employs a continuum level constitutive description of Zr will be performed to provide insight into the dynamic extrusion process. Current experimental findings will be presented.
Sensory Preferences for Sweet High-Fat Foods: Evidence for Opiate Involvement

Endogenous opiates influence the regulation of food intake in both humans and rats [1,2]. Food intake is generally reduced by opiate antagonists such as naloxone but increased by opiate agonists such as butorphanol [3–5]. These effects appear to be strongest for the best-tasting foods, notably those rich in sugar and fat. Whereas naloxone and naltrexone suppressed the intakes of sugar, fat, and a palatable cafeteria diet [4–6], morphine and butorphanol increased fat consumption in rats [7,8]. It has been proposed that the pleasure response to palatable foods is mediated by the central release of endogenous opiates [2]. Blockade of opiate receptors may therefore suppress taste preferences and so reduce overeating associated with exposure to palatable sweet or high-fat foods.
Agonist-Stimulation of Cerebral Phosphoinositide Turnover Following Long-Term Treatment with Antidepresants

Receptor-mediated stimulation of the formation of inositol phosphates (IP) in cerebral tissue may serve as a useful tool for studying long-term changes in the function of serotonin-2 (5-HT2), alpha-1-adrenergic (al), and muscarinic-cholinergic (musc) receptors. In this study we have evaluated the effects of chronic treatment with various antidepressants on receptor-mediated formation of IP in rat brain. Imipramine (IMI: 10 mg/ kg/day; 14 days), Bupropion (BUPR: 40 mg/kg/day; 14 days), Lithium (Li: 0.5% in diet; 7 days) and electroshock treatment (EST: 20–30 mA/day; 7 days) were investigated. Cross-chopped slices of cerebral cortex from control and treated rats were prelabelled with myo-3H-inositol in HEPES buffer containing 11.1 mM LiC1. Accumulation of IP was measured in the presence and absence of serotonin (5-HT, 10 uM), norepinepherine (NE, 5 uM), and carbamylcholine (CCH, 100 uM). Values for agonist-stimulated IP formation in control rats were: 5-HT=123 ± 5%; NE=268 ± 16%; CCh=205 ± 21% of the basal level. The IP response to 5-HT was significantly lower following BUPR and higher following EST. Responses to NE and CCH were significantly lower following BUPR treatment but were not affected by the other antidepressant treatments. These observations are consistent with results of receptor-binding studies indicating up-regulation of 5-HT2 receptors by EST but are not consistent with studies showing down-regulation of 5-HT2 receptors by IMI and a lack of effect on 5-HT2 receptors by BUPR. Our results are not supportive of the notion, based mainly on [3H]prazosin binding studies, that al receptors are up-regulated by EST as well as by different antidepressant drugs.
How urban early childhood educators used positive guidance principles and improved teacher-child relationships: a social-emotional learning intervention study

Twenty-four early childhood educators in an urban city in the United States completed a social-emotional learning course as part of an intervention to explore how teachers learn to value and practi...
Analytical modeling and optimization of phase change thermal management of a Li-ion battery pack

Abstract Thermal management of Li-ion cells is critical for safety and performance of energy conversion and storage in battery packs in a variety of applications. Phase change cooling is a promising approach towards this goal. In contrast with several recent papers on experimental measurements of this approach, there is a distinct lack of literature in theoretical modeling of phase change cooling of Li-ion cells. This paper presents a theoretical model for solving the coupled heat transfer problem involving the cooling of a heat-generating Li-ion cell with a phase change material. Results show that while phase change cooling effectively reduces cell surface temperature, the cell core continues to remain quite hot. Improvement in cell thermal conductivity is shown to be critical for fully benefiting from phase change cooling. On the other hand, the impact of increasing thermal conductivity of the phase change material plateaus out at large values. Trade-offs between thermal management and energy storage density of a Li-ion battery pack are analyzed by quantifying the extent of temperature rise and reduction in energy storage density at large discharge rates. Comparison of phase change cooling with convective cooling is also presented, indicating key trade-offs in these approaches. These results contribute towards understanding the fundamentals of phase change cooling of Li-ion cells, as well as improving the performance of practical thermal management systems for Li-ion cells.
PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER ISLAMI ANAK USIA DINI DI PAUD SEURAMOE JAYA

Giving a good example as an Islamic character to a child is the starting point of a child introduced to have a good personality so that he can become a righteous child. The role and figure of an educator or a teacher is a milestone in the formation of akhlaqul karimah for students. The process of formation of early childhood morality, namely: First, through qudwah, uswah (exemplary) teacher; Second, through ta'lim (teaching); Third, ta'wid (habituation); Fourth, Targhib / reward, motivation (giving motivation); Fifth, Tarhib / punishment, warning (giving threats and legal sanctions).
Genetic control of cell type and pattern formation in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Publisher Summary The inferred products of the four Caenorhabditis elegans developmental control genes whose sequences have been published include three with homeobox domains and one with similarity to growth factors or receptors. Moreover, some of the many unidentified gene products may involve novel biochemical activities or intriguing cell structures. It is clear that a majority of developmental decisions involve the basic components of the cellular regulatory machinery. The utility of developmental genetics as a tool for understanding cellular regulatory mechanisms is in embedding a particular gene product solidly into the context of a pathway. Genetics is at its most powerful in identifying interacting components, and study of such interacting components is necessary to complete the understanding of any mechanism. By elucidating detailed molecular mechanisms of cell-type determination and pattern formation either in C. elegans or in other organisms, and by understanding, in parallel, the genetic pathways controlling development in each of several organisms, it can be hoped that someday the genetic circuitry that underlies animal development can be unraveled.
Technology-Based Interventions and Reducing the Burdens of Mental Illness: Perspectives and Comments on the Special Series

Abstract This series illustrates excellent advances in the use of technology to deliver psychological treatments. My comments place technology-based treatments in the context of current evidence-based psychotherapies and focus on the extent to which technology can expand the reach of psychosocial interventions. I discuss criteria for the development of novel treatment methods so that our interventions can reach individuals who could profit from psychological services but who currently receive no formal help. Technology-based methods of delivery have excellent benefits and as they continue to be evaluated it would be valuable not only to collect the usual outcome data for individual clients but also to examine system-level outcomes to see whether our interventions in fact reach more of the underserved who are in need of psychological services.
Urban development impacts on ecosystems

Once upon a time, when humans existed by hunting and gathering and were themselves prey, there was a "natural" landscape. Since then the Earth's surface, including the biota, topography, surface and groundwater, has been profoundly and irreversibly altered by the direct and indirect effects of human uses of the land (Sala et al. 2000; Vitousek et al. 1997; Wilson 1992). By some analyses, the transformation of the surface due to human activities approaches in magnitude the land cover transfo=ations that have occurred during the transitions from glacial to interglacial climate (Meyer and Turner 1994; National Research Council 2001; Ramankutty and Foley 1999).
Idebenone Has Distinct Effects on Mitochondrial Respiration in Cortical Astrocytes Compared to Cortical Neurons Due to Differential NQO1 Activity

Idebenone is a synthetic quinone that on reduction in cells can bypass mitochondrial Complex I defects by donating electrons to Complex III. The drug is used clinically to treat the Complex I disease Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), but has been less successful in clinical trials for other neurodegenerative diseases. NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) appears to be the main intracellular enzyme catalyzing idebenone reduction. However, NQO1 is not universally expressed by cells of the brain. Using primary rat cortical cells pooled from both sexes, we tested the hypotheses that the level of endogenous NQO1 activity limits the ability of neurons, but not astrocytes, to use idebenone as an electron donor to support mitochondrial respiration. We then tested the prediction that NQO1 induction by pharmacological activation of the transcription factor nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) enables idebenone to bypass Complex I in cells with poor NQO1 expression. We found that idebenone stimulated respiration by astrocytes but reduced the respiratory capacity of neurons. Importantly, idebenone supported mitochondrial oxygen consumption in the presence of a Complex I inhibitor in astrocytes but not neurons, and this ability was reversed by inhibiting NQO1. Conversely, recombinant NQO1 delivery to neurons prevented respiratory impairment and conferred Complex I bypass activity. Nrf2 activators failed to increase NQO1 in neurons, but carnosic acid induced NQO1 in COS-7 cells that expressed little endogenous enzyme. Carnosic acid-idebenone combination treatment promoted NQO1-dependent Complex I bypass activity in these cells. Thus, combination drug strategies targeting NQO1 may promote the repurposing of idebenone for additional disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Idebenone is used clinically to treat loss of visual acuity in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Clinical trials for several additional diseases have failed. This study demonstrates a fundamental difference in the way idebenone affects mitochondrial respiration in cortical neurons compared with cortical astrocytes. Cortical neurons are unable to use idebenone as a direct mitochondrial electron donor due to NQO1 deficiency. Our results suggest that idebenone behaves as an NQO1-dependent prodrug, raising the possibility that lack of neuronal NQO1 activity has contributed to the limited efficacy of idebenone in neurodegenerative disease treatment. Combination therapy with drugs able to safely induce NQO1 in neurons, as well as other brain cell types, may be able to unlock the neuroprotective therapeutic potential of idebenone or related quinones.
Bayesian Nonparametric Approach to Average Annual Daily Traffic Estimation for Bridges

Every year, the U.S. government provides several billions of dollars in the form of federal funding for transportation services in the U.S.A. Decision making with regard to the use of these funds l...
Environmental values and Americans’ beliefs about farm animal well-being

Social scientists are increasingly interested in beliefs about farm animal well-being and the factors that predict these beliefs. Yet little attention has been given to the role of values, which social psychologists consider to be the building blocks of human cognition. This study draws from research on values in the environmental social sciences to examine the relationship between environmental values and Americans’ beliefs about farm animal well-being. It also makes a methodological contribution by demonstrating the importance of measuring beliefs about farm animal well-being on large industrial and small family farms separately. A series of paired sample t-tests finds Americans believe the well-being of farm animals on large industrial farms is significantly worse than on small family farms. Multiple regression results reveal the importance of environmental values, as well as various demographic factors, in understanding beliefs about farm animal well-being. They also suggest the presence of direct and indirect effects of values on beliefs. Implications and avenues for further research are discussed.
Evaluation of a Multimodal Heparin Laboratory Monitoring Protocol in Adult Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Patients

Background:Anticoagulation monitoring practices vary during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The Extracorporeal Life Support Organization describes that a multimodal approach is needed t...
SC-Cut Quartz Resonators for Dynamic Liquid Viscosity Measurements

This paper proposes an innovative viscosity sensor based on the thickness-shear vibration of an SC-cut quartz resonator. The thickness-shear mode is firstly analyzed and further studied with fluid-structure interaction between the resonator and the viscous fluid loading. The characteristic equation is derived based on the 3D linear piezoelectric equations and solved for sensitivity analysis. Then laboratory experiment is carried out to validate the theory. To conduct the viscosity measurement, the SC-cut quartz resonator is integrated with a U-tube test fixture, which is designed and fabricated for sensor housing to avoid the influence of the mass of the fluid. The resonator is tested with various viscosities by tuning the ratio of glycerol/water mixture. Experiment results show consistency with the analytical solution, which together present an improved sensitivity of viscosity measurement by using SC-cut quartz resonator comparing to other resonator-based viscosity sensors. The proposed viscosity sensor is sensitive, accurate, and portable, and therefore can be applied to real-time, on-site measurement or sampling of fluidic samples.
Scaling up single-cell proteomics.

Abstract Single-cell tandem mass-spectrometry (MS) has enabled analyzing hundreds of single cells per day and quantifying thousands of proteins across the cells. The broad dissemination of these capabilities can empower the dissection of pathophysiological mechanisms in heterogeneous tissues. Key requirements for achieving this goal include robust protocols performed on widely accessible hardware, robust quality controls, community standards, and automated data analysis pipelines that can pinpoint analytical problems and facilitate their timely resolution. Towards meeting these requirements, this perspective outlines both existing resources and outstanding opportunities, such as parallelization, for catalyzing the wide dissemination of quantitative single-cell proteomics analysis that can be scaled up to tens of thousands of single cells. Indeed, simultaneous parallelization of the analysis of peptides and single cells is a promising approach for multiplicative increase in the speed of performing deep and quantitative single-cell proteomics. The community is ready to begin a virtuous cycle of increased adoption fueling the development of more technology and resources for single-cell proteomics that in turn drive broader adoption, scientific discoveries, and clinical applications.
Enduring Legacies of Mrs. Garvey No. 1

I have been doing some recent thinking about black women and leadership and want to put this discussion in this light. Those who know my earlier essay on Condoleezza Rice would already know of this interest. Here I want to focus on this question of black women and leadership by evaluating some of the enduring legacies, both positive and negative of a Pan-Africanist/feminist.
New and interesting species of justicia (acanthaceae) from amazonia

A new Amazonian species of Justicia, J. zarucchii from the region oif the Rio Abacaxis is described, illustrated, and compared with J. schultesii and J. gutierrezii, its closest relatives.
Noise propagation in transcriptional cascades

The flow of information through a biological network can greatly influence the operation and behavior of the system. The synthetic transcriptional cascades of various lengths and study of their dynamic and steady state behavior both experimentally and through a stochastic model are presented. These systems are used to analyze sensitivity and noise propagation as a function of synthetic network complexity. The steady state switching behavior that becomes sharper with longer cascades is demonstrated experimentally. The experimental results demonstrating the network properties correlate well with the simulated model.