cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Digital Photos as Conversational Anchors

During shared viewing printed photos frequently serve as anchors for conversations. Conversational interactions are less common when images are not printed. People do not commonly gather around a monitor to look at digital images, although the passing around of cell phones and digital cameras displaying images is increasingly common. The congeniality of paper has many advantages for synchronous sharing. Although both printed and digital images can be shared asynchronously, the effort required frequently precludes such sharing. JussPress (www.jusspress.com) is a system designed to minimize the effort involved in sharing digital photos. It enables instant publishing and organization. Automatic temporal organization of the photos is shown to have many advantages. Additionally, by making comments easy to make, read, and check, web-based photos also became anchors for conversations. We discuss the coherence of these conversations, instances of them spanning multiple photos, their organizational impact, and why conversations were infrequent for some users.
IRIS Explorer Software for Radial-Depth Cueing Reovirus Particles and Other Macromolecular Structures Determined by Cryoelectron Microscopy and Image Reconstruction

Abstract Structures of biological macromolecules determined by transmission cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and three-dimensional image reconstruction are often displayed as surface-shaded representations with depth cueing along the viewed direction (Z cueing) Depth cueing to indicate distance from the center of virus particles (radial-depth cueing, or R cueing) has also been used. We have found that a style of R cueing in which color is applied in smooth or discontinuous gradients using the IRIS Explorer software is an informative technique for displaying the structures of virus particles solved by cryo-TEM and image reconstruction. To develop and test these methods, we used existing cryo-TEM reconstructions of mammalian reovirus particles. The newly applied visualization techniques allowed us to discern several new structural features, including sites in the inner capsid through which the viral mRNAs may be extruded after they are synthesized by the reovirus transcriptase complexes. To demonstrate the broad utility of the methods, we also applied them to cryo-TEM reconstructions of human rhinovirus, native and swollen forms of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus, truncated core of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and flagellar filament of Salmonella typhimurium. We conclude that R cueing with color gradients is a useful tool for displaying virus particles and other macromolecules analyzed by cryo-TEM and image reconstruction.
Early Development of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Following Kidney Transplantation: Possible Role of Multiple Serum Cytokines

We report a patient who at the time of kidney transplantation for polycystic kidney disease was found to have an enlarged inguinal lymph node which later demonstrated evidence of extra medullary granulopoiesis. During the first two weeks following kidney transplantation, a striking leukemoid pattern developed and 2 months after transplant the patient was diagnosed with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Retrospective analysis of peripheral blood cytokines over this time revealed elevated levels of GMCSF and gamma IFN at the time of peak peripheral blood WBC with subsequent peaks in IL-4, IL-6 and IL-2 as the peripheral blood WBC fell. A rise in levels of TNF alpha also preceded the peripheral blood WBC rise (although these concentrations were at or below those following uncomplicated kidney transplants). The clinical course of AML in this patient was marked by relentless relapse despite chemotherapy. The possibility of cytokine facilitated tumor growth is discussed.
Damage to the anterior arcuate fasciculus predicts non-fluent speech production in aphasia

Non-fluent aphasia implies a relatively straightforward neurological condition characterized by limited speech output. However, it is an umbrella term for different underlying impairments affecting speech production. Several studies have sought the critical lesion location that gives rise to non-fluent aphasia. The results have been mixed but typically implicate anterior cortical regions such as Broca's area, the left anterior insula, and deep white matter regions. To provide a clearer picture of cortical damage in non-fluent aphasia, the current study examined brain damage that negatively influences speech fluency in patients with aphasia. It controlled for some basic speech and language comprehension factors in order to better isolate the contribution of different mechanisms to fluency, or its lack. Cortical damage was related to overall speech fluency, as estimated by clinical judgements using the Western Aphasia Battery speech fluency scale, diadochokinetic rate, rudimentary auditory language comprehension, and executive functioning (scores on a matrix reasoning test) in 64 patients with chronic left hemisphere stroke. A region of interest analysis that included brain regions typically implicated in speech and language processing revealed that non-fluency in aphasia is primarily predicted by damage to the anterior segment of the left arcuate fasciculus. An improved prediction model also included the left uncinate fasciculus, a white matter tract connecting the middle and anterior temporal lobe with frontal lobe regions, including the pars triangularis. Models that controlled for diadochokinetic rate, picture-word recognition, or executive functioning also revealed a strong relationship between anterior segment involvement and speech fluency. Whole brain analyses corroborated the findings from the region of interest analyses. An additional exploratory analysis revealed that involvement of the uncinate fasciculus adjudicated between Broca's and global aphasia, the two most common kinds of non-fluent aphasia. In summary, the current results suggest that the anterior segment of the left arcuate fasciculus, a white matter tract that lies deep to posterior portions of Broca's area and the sensory-motor cortex, is a robust predictor of impaired speech fluency in aphasic patients, even when motor speech, lexical processing, and executive functioning are included as co-factors. Simply put, damage to those regions results in non-fluent aphasic speech; when they are undamaged, fluent aphasias result.
Approximate bayes estimators for stochastic processes

Let be an estimator of a parameter θ based on observing a stochastic process over a time period of length T. Suppose is asymptotically normally distributed as T→, ∞ Given a prior distribution on θ, we propose constructing a posterior distribution based on this asymptotic normal likelihood. Call the mean of this posterior an approximate Bayes estimator. We give conditions under which this estimator is strongly consistent and investigate its performance in reducing mean square error for a birth and death process and a branching process.
Deuterocohnia meziana (Bromeliaceae): subspecies classification and the description of the new subspecies D. meziana subsp. vogtii from northern Paraguay

Deuterocohnia meziana is distributed in southeastern Bolivia, northern Paraguay and western Brazil. The xerophytic species colonizes dry, rocky slopes or outcrops. This study classifies four subspecies of Deuterocohnia meziana : (1) Deuterocohnia meziana subsp. meziana ; (2) Deuterocohnia meziana subsp. carmineo-viridiflora , which has formerly been described as a variety; (3) Deuterocohnia meziana subsp. pedicellata , previously described as a separate species; and (4) Deuterocohnia meziana subsp. vogtii , a new subspecies from northernParaguay. In addition to notes on nomenclature, morphology and biogeography, a key to the subspecies is provided.
Effects of shape and loading of optical nanoantennas on their sensitivity and radiation properties

In this study, we analyze the relations between radiation properties and sensitivity of optical nanoantennas and their shape and design parameters using nanocircuit concepts. We apply these findings to optimize the sensitivity and bandwidth of printed plasmonic nanoantennas for their potential use in optical communications and label-free biosensing applications. In comparison to conventional plasmonic optical sensors, which mainly rely on localized surface plasmons, our design rules suggest that optical nanoantennas may provide enhanced sensitivity for biomedical applications, and our analytical solutions based on their equivalent nanocircuit model may provide an efficient tool for their design optimization. Several numerical simulations are presented to verify utility of this design method, providing excellent agreement between numerical and analytical results.
Clustered pathway genes in aflatoxin biosynthesis.

Aflatoxins, a group of polyketide-derived furanocoumarins (Fig. [1][1]), are the most toxic and carcinogenic compounds among the known mycotoxins. Among the at least 16 structurally related aflatoxins characterized, however, there are only four major aflatoxins, B1, B2, G1, and G2 (AFB1, AFG1, AFB2
The acute traumatic moment-psychic trauma in war: psychoanalytic perspectives.

Abstract The acute traumatic moment is defined as the sudden conscious, awareness of intense and devastating feelings of helplessness to cope before the, fear of injury and death. The sudden overwhelming of three processes often precipitates the acute traumatic moment: (1) the ego ideal with specific narcissistic, defenses associated with the idealized self, (2) the illusion of safety; and (3) the, mechanisms of denial. The author discusses the developmental origins of the illusion of safety, rational and irrational contributions to its configuration, and its, importance as a psychological construct in the life of the individual soldier. The, author examines the acute traumatic moment as it may occur upon exposure to, threats of injury and death during war from a psychoanalytic perspective., Clinical vignettes of soldiers are presented.
Variable Property Effects on Liquid Droplet Combustion

The combustion characteristics of a liquid fuel droplet burning in an oxidizing atmosphere are considered. Formulas for fuel burning rates, flame temperature, and position, as well as fuel and oxidizer concentration and temperature profiles, are given which include the effects of very general transport property variation. The relative importance of diffusion of species and heat conduction in the system is discussed. Specific calculations are shown for 1) power law temperature variation of thermal conductivity and binary diffusion coefficient, and 2) benzene droplets burning in air.
A Different Path: The Global Water Crisis and Rainwater Harvesting

The global water crisis is predicted to kill 34 to 76 million people by 2020. Large- scale infrastructure projects can provide water, but construction of these projects has not proven adequate to meet growing populations and, even where feasible, large-scale projects have significant social, economic and environmental impacts. A different path to solving the global water crisis that emphasizes efficiency and sustainable, community- scale projects in addition to centralized infrastructure, has been mapped by a range of scholars and activists. Small scale rainwater harvesting is one sustainable approach that is proving increasingly effective in both rural and urban settings in the developing world. This paper surveys the use of rainwater harvesting in India and draws some lessons for the application of this approach to other regions.
Control of finite critical behaviour in a small-scale social system

Many adaptive systems sit near a tipping or critical point. For systems near a critical point small changes to component behaviour can induce large-scale changes in aggregate structure and function. Criticality can be adaptive when the environment is changing, but entails reduced robustness through sensitivity. This tradeoff can be resolved when criticality can be tuned. We address the control of finite measures of criticality using data on fight sizes from an animal society model system (Macaca nemestrina, n=48). We find that a heterogeneous, socially organized system, like homogeneous, spatial systems (flocks and schools), sits near a critical point; the contributions individuals make to collective phenomena can be quantified; there is heterogeneity in these contributions; and distance from the critical point (DFC) can be controlled through biologically plausible mechanisms exploiting heterogeneity. We propose two alternative hypotheses for why a system decreases the distance from the critical point.
Yolk Protein Production in the Marine Shrimp Penaeus Vannamei

ABSTRACT Yolk production of the marine shrimp Penaeus vannamei was measured using an antibody to a subunit of the yolk protein complex. The effects of unilateral eyestalk ablation on protein synthesis of the hepatopancreas and ovary were measured in vitro. Initially, activity in both tissues increased; 21 days after eyestalk ablatior activity levels in both tissues returned to levels equal to or lower than preablation levels. The yolk protein content of the tissues increased shortly after eyestalk ablation and reached a maximum of 8% in ovarian tissue, but less than 1% in the hepatopancreas. Yolk proteins in the hemolymph were detected using an enzymelinked immunoassay. Both intact controls and eyestalk-ablated shrimp had as much as 1 mg/ ml yolk protein in the hemolymph during ovarian maturation. Newly released shrimp eggs had an average of 53 ng yolk protein per egg. Eyestalk ablation induced a rapid increase in protein synthesis in both ovary and hepatopancreas. During ovarian maturation, yolk proteins were transported through the hemolymph in this marine shrimp.
WHAT IS GOING ON HERE ? : BALDWIN'S ANOTHER COUNTRY

SUMMARY This paper uses two teaching experiences with Baldwin's 1962 novel Another Country to frame a discussion of the complicated critical history of this literary work and its relation to Baldwin's literary reputation. The contested relationship between the categories of race and sexuality in the novel is tracked and its political implications explored.
AATYK: a novel tyrosine kinase induced during growth arrest and apoptosis of myeloid cells.

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a process where developmental or environmental stimuli activate a genetic program to implement a series of events that culminate in cell death. To study the nature of genes that are induced during the apoptotic death of myeloid precursor cells, we utilized the 32Dcl3 cell line, which is derived from normal mouse bone marrow, is non-tumorigenic and diploid. These cells are strictly dependent on IL-3 for growth and apoptose when deprived of IL-3. However, when these cells are transferred to medium containing G-CSF, the cell number increases 4 – 5-fold and after 12 days the entire population is differentiated into granulocytes followed by apoptotic death. In our search for genes that are induced during apoptosis and/or terminal differentiation of 32Dcl3 cells, we identified a novel gene termed AATYK (Apoptosis Associated Tyrosine Kinase), whose expression is dramatically upregulated during IL-3 deprivation as well as G-CSF-induced terminal differentiation. In this report, we describe the sequence of the cDNA clone, derived from the mRNA transcript of this gene. These studies show that this gene encodes a protein with a tyrosine kinase domain at the N-terminal end and a proline-rich domain at the C-terminal end. We also report that the expression of this gene is blocked in v-abl or bcr – abl transformed myeloid cells which are unable to apoptose when grown in the absence of IL-3. However, AATYK expression is induced in 32D cells transformed by the v-abl gene when these cells are incubated in the presence of DMSO, which induces growth arrest and apoptotic death of the cells. On the other hand, DMSO fails to induce apoptosis or AATYK expression in 32D cells transformed by the bcr – abl oncogene, suggesting that AATYK expression may be a necessary pre-requisite for the induction of growth arrest and/or apoptosis of myeloid precursor cells.
My Time (1967-69) at the Faculty of Law, University of Dar Es Salaam

A personal account of my time (1967-69) on the Faculty of Law,University of Dar es Salaam. At the time the Faculty of Law was the only law school in Eastern Africa. The Faculty struggled with formulating a curriculum appropriate to the existing circumstances and governing political values. Ultimately the curriculum drafted was not adopted,largely because it was seen as overly influenced by expatriate members of the Faculty of Law.
Design of Computer Tolerance Systen for the Small Satellite Management

Using dual redundant fault tolerant program,a small satellite management computer fault tolerant system is designed.Makeing full use of software and hardware fault tolerant advantages,the design of management system level and component level are completed.An avenue about backup computer start is presented when main computer in failure.The simulation results confirm that system has well performance.
Significance of electronic bronchoscopy in diagnosis and treatment of lung diseases with pulmonary mass lesion in children

Objectives To investigate the significance of electronic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage in diagnosis and treatment in children with pulmonary mass lesion. Methods A total of 74 hospitalized children from January 2011 to June 2012 whose imaging examinations showed massive patchy shadow were examined and treated by electronic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage. Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Results The major cause for the massive shadow was infection according to electronic bronchoscopy examination(68/74, 91.89%), 65 cases of them were lobar pneumonia, 3 cases were pulmonary tuberculosis followed by 5 cases of foreign body(6.76%) and one case of pneumorrhagia(1.35%).The lower left lung was the most frequently seen site of infection, followed by lower right lung. The agreement between infection sites and imaging examination was 97.30%. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showed that the primary pathogen of lobar pneumonia infection is Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)(42/65, 64.62%). The highest detection rate of MP was found in preschool group and the detection rate between different age groups indicated statistically significant difference(P0.01). The imaging examination showed pulmonary lesions in 61.54% children with lobar pneumonia improved significantly in one week. The improvement rate of pulmonary lesions was higher in infected children with short duration(1-2 weeks, 90.91%) between disease onset and electronic bronchoscopy inspection than those with longer duration(2- 3 weeks, 51.72% and 3 weeks, 35.71%)(P0.05). Conclusions Electronic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage play dual roles in etiological diagnosis and therapy in children with pulmonary mass lesion.
Research on a method for rapid detection of three kinds of main respiratory virus

Objective To establish a triple real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay for the simultaneous determination of human rhinovirus(HRV),human respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) and human metapneumovirus(HMPV),so as to provide support for rapid diagnosis of respiratory pathogens.Methods Three pairs of specific primers and corresponding TaqMan probes were designed according to the conservative sequences of the 5 'UTR of HRV,the L gene of RSV and the L gene of HMPV.A triple real-time fluorescence RT-PCR assay was developed to detect HRV,RSV and HMPV.The specificity,sensitivity and repeatability were analyzed.The differences in rapid diagnosis of clinical sample were compared between the single fluorescent RT-PCR assay and triple real-time RT-PCR assay.Results The sensitivity of the method in detection of HRV,RSV and HMPV was 10 copies/μl,and the system was capable of detecting HRV,RSV and HMPV with high specificity.Variation coefficients of the average Ct in repetitive experiments were less than 5%.Compared with the single RT-PCR detection method,triple RT-PCR method was low-cost and timesaving.Positive detection rate of clinical samples had no statistical significance between the two methods.Conclusion This triple real-time fluorescence RT-PCR assay can simultaneously,rapidly,sensitively and specifically identify HRV,RSV and HMPV.
Pathogenic Surveillance of Viral Encephalitis in Shantou City,2006-2008

Objective To understand pathogen spectrum and morbidity of viral encephalitis in Shantou city. Methods Suspected cases of encephalitis during 2006-2008 were collected and sampled in terms of blood and CSF. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA) was adopted to detect viral encephalitis from the specimens. Results Nineteen positive virus antibody were detected in 19 samples,with a positive rate of 12. 8%. The 19 positive samples were composed by 2 JEV IgM,6 HSV IgM,one CMV IgM,one Echovirus IgM,and 7 ADV IgM. While the other 2 samples were detected as two sorts of virus IgM,specifically HSV+ADV and ECHO+ADV. Conclusion The viral encephalitis pathogen is predominated by ADV and HSV,and thus pertinent preventive measures against the two virus should be strengthened.
Interobserver variability in identification of breast tumors in MRI and its implications for prognostic biomarkers and radiogenomics

Purpose: To assess the interobserver variability of readers when outlining breast tumors in MRI, study the reasons behind the variability, and quantify the effect of the variability on algorithmic imaging features extracted from breast MRI. Methods: Four readers annotated breast tumors from the MRI examinations of 50 patients from one institution using a bounding box to indicate a tumor. All of the annotated tumors were biopsy proven cancers. The similarity of bounding boxes was analyzed using Dice coefficients. An automatic tumor segmentation algorithm was used to segment tumors from the readers’ annotations. The segmented tumors were then compared between readers using Dice coefficients as the similarity metric. Cases showing high interobserver variability (average Dice coefficient <0.8) after segmentation were analyzed by a panel of radiologists to identify the reasons causing the low level of agreement. Furthermore, an imaging feature, quantifying tumor and breast tissue enhancement dynamics, was extracted from each segmented tumor for a patient. Pearson's correlation coefficients were computed between the features for each pair of readers to assess the effect of the annotation on the feature values. Finally, the authors quantified the extent of variation in feature values caused by each of the individual reasons for low agreement. Results: The average agreement between readers in terms of the overlap (Dice coefficient) of the bounding box was 0.60. Automatic segmentation of tumor improved the average Dice coefficient for 92% of the cases to the average value of 0.77. The mean agreement between readers expressed by the correlation coefficient for the imaging feature was 0.96. Conclusions: There is a moderate variability between readers when identifying the rectangular outline of breast tumors on MRI. This variability is alleviated by the automatic segmentation of the tumors. Furthermore, the moderate interobserver variability in terms of the bounding box does not translate into a considerable variability in terms of assessment of enhancement dynamics. The authors propose some additional ways to further reduce the interobserver variability.
Food Sovereignty, Justice and Indigenous Peoples: An Essay on Settler Colonialism and Collective Continuance

Indigenous peoples often claim that colonial powers, such as settler states, violate Indigenous peoples' collective self-determination over their food systems, or food sovereignty. Violations of food sovereignty are often food injustices. Yet Indigenous peoples claim that one of the solutions to protecting food sovereignty involves the conservation of particular foods, from salmon to wild rice. This essay advances an argument that claims of this kind set forth particular theories of food sovereignty and food injustice that are not actually grounded in a static conception of Indigenous culture; instead, such claims offer important contributions to how settler colonial domination is understood as a form of injustice affecting key relationships that support Indigenous collective self-determination through food sovereignty. The essay describes some of the significant qualities of reciprocal relationships that support food sovereignty, referring widely to the work of Indigenous leaders and scholars and Tribal staff on salmon conservation in North America.
Physicochemical and Sensory Analysis of U.S. Rice Varieties Developed for the Basmati and Jasmine Markets

There is a steady demand for imported basmati and jasmine rice in the United States. Rice varieties that can be domestically produced and compete with these imports have been developed from basmati, jasmine, and other aromatic germplasm sources. This study evaluated differences among eight U.S. aromatic varieties and imported basmati and jasmine samples. Basmati market types (Aromatic se2, Sierra, Dellmati, and Dellrose) and jasmine market types (JES, Jasmine 85, Jazzman, and Charleston Gold) grown in Arkansas and Texas were evaluated for descriptive flavors, apparent amylose, protein, and lipid contents, pasting profile, alkali spreading value, volatiles, grain color, grain dimensions, and agronomic traits. Seven natural flavor attributes and six volatiles differentiated the varieties within the jasmine and basmati classes along with several physicochemical traits, such as pasting profiles, grain dimensions, and grain color. U.S. varieties developed for either the basmati or jasmine market all had a flav...
Lumbar Puncture for All Febrile Infants 29-56 Days Old: A Retrospective Cohort Reassessment Study

Objectives To determine the incidence of bacterial meningitis (BM) among all febrile infants 29-56 days old undergoing a lumbar puncture (LP) in the emergency department of a tertiary care children's hospital and the number of low-risk febrile infants with BM to reassess the need for routine LP in these infants. Study design Retrospective cohort study using a quality improvement registry from July 2007-April 2014. Infants included were 29-56 days old with fever and who had an LP in the emergency department. Low-risk criteria were adapted from the Philadelphia criteria. BM was defined as having a bacterial pathogen isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid. A medical record review of one-third of randomly selected patients in the cohort determined the proportion who met low-risk criteria. Results One of 1188 febrile infants (0.08%) had BM; this patient did not meet low-risk criteria. An additional 40 (3.4%) had positive cerebrospinal fluid cultures; all were contaminants. Subanalysis of one-third of the study population revealed that 45.6% met low-risk criteria; the most common reasons for failing low-risk classification included abnormal white blood cell count or urinalysis. Conclusions In a cohort of febrile infants, BM is uncommon and no cases of BM would have been missed had LPs not been performed in those meeting low-risk criteria.
Single-Center Comparison of Overall Survival and Toxicities in Patients with Infiltrative Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Yttrium-90 Radioembolization or Drug-Eluting Embolic Transarterial Chemoembolization

Abstract Purpose To compare overall survival and toxicities after yttrium-90 ( 90 Y) radioembolization and chemoembolization with drug-eluting embolics (DEE) in patients with infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and Methods Retrospective review of 50 patients with infiltrative HCC without main portal vein invasion who were treated with 90 Y radioembolization (n = 26) or DEE chemoembolization (n = 24) between March 2007 and August 2012 was completed. Infiltrative tumors were defined by cross-sectional imaging as masses that lacked well-demarcated boundaries, and treatment allocations were made by a multidisciplinary tumor board. Median age was 63 years; median tumor diameter was 9.0 cm; and there were no significant differences between groups in performance status, severity of liver disease, or HCC stage. Toxicities were graded by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.03. Overall survival from treatment was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis, with analysis of potential predictors of survival with log-rank test. Results There was no difference in the average number of procedures performed in each treatment group (DEE, 1.5 ± 1.1; 90 Y, 1.6 ± 0.5; P = .97), and technical success was achieved in all cases. Abdominal pain (73% vs 33%; P = .004) and fever (38% vs 8%; P = .01) were more frequent after DEE chemoembolization. There was no significant difference in median overall survival between treatment groups after treatment (DEE, 9.9 months; 90 Y, 8.1 months; P = .11). Conclusions 90 Y radioembolization and DEE chemoembolization provided similar overall survival in the treatment of infiltrative HCC without main portal vein invasion. Abdominal pain and fever were more frequent after DEE chemoembolization.
Effects of multimodal mandala yoga on social and emotional skills for youth with autism spectrum disorder: An exploratory study

Context: Youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrates impairment in the ability to socially and emotionally relate to others that can limit participation in groups, interaction with peers, and building successful life relationships. Aims: The aim of this exploratory study was to examine the effects of a novel multimodal Mandala yoga program on social and emotional skills for youth with ASD. Subjects and Methods: Five males with ASD attended 1 h yoga sessions, twice a week for 4 weeks. Multimodal Mandala yoga comprised 26 circular partner/group poses, color and tracing sheets, rhythmic chanting, yoga cards, and games. Treatment and Research Institute for ASD Social Skills Assessment (TSSA) scores were collected before and after the eight yoga sessions. The Modified Facial Mood Scale (MFMS) was used to observe mood changes before and after each yoga class. Paired sample t-tests were conducted on TSSA and MFMS scores to compare social and emotional differences post the 4-week camp. Narrative field notes were documented after each of the eight yoga sessions. Results: A significant improvement from pre- to post-test was found in overall TSSA (t(4) = −5.744, P = 0.005) and on respondent to initiation (t(4) = −3.726, P = 0.020), initiating interaction (t(4) = −8.5, P = 0.039), and affective understanding and perspective taking subscales (t(4) = −5.171 P = 0.007). Youth's MFMS scores increased from 80% to 100% at the end of eight yoga sessions demonstrating a pleasant or positive mood. Thematic analysis of the narrative notes identified three key factors associated with the yoga experience: (a) enhanced mood and emotional expression, (b) increased empathy toward others, and (c) improved teamwork skills. Conclusion: This multimodal Mandala yoga training has implication for developing positive social and emotional skills for youth with ASD.
Manufacture, types and properties of biotextiles for medical applications

Abstract: Textiles are known to have unique properties that lend themselves to use in many different types of technical products, among which perhaps the best known are medical materials. Presented in this chapter are aspects of polymer, fiber and textile science that should serve as useful background knowledge of the materials used in constructing products and whose in vitro and in vivo physical and mechanical performances are discussed in this book.
GABA neurons of the ventral periaqueductal gray area modulate behaviors associated with anxiety and conditioned fear

Emotional behavioral responses related to anxiety and fear comprise the negative valence systems domain as defined by the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach to categorizing related emotional behavioral constructs that are compromised in mental health disorders. Here, we evaluate the role of GABA neurons of the ventral periaqueductal gray (vPAG) in emotional behavioral responses related to anxiety and fear using a chemogenetic approach in Vgat-ires-Cre mice. Functional inhibition of vPAG GABA neurons using selective expression of inhibitory Gi-coupled Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (Gi-DREADDs) enhanced anxiety-like behavior in the light–dark exploration and open-field tests. Functional inhibition of vPAG GABA neurons during the acquisition of conditioned fear impaired later performance of conditioned fear responses to the fear-associated context. No effects on spontaneous freezing behavior, fear generalization, or conditioned fear responses to the fear-associated cue were observed. Together, these data suggest that activity of vPAG GABA neurons underlies emotional behavioral responses related to anxiety and conditioned fear. As such, vPAG GABA neurons are a common neurophysiological correlate of the negative valence system and dysregulation of this population may contribute to the etiology of mental health disorders in which the negative valence systems domain is compromised.
The Supervision Pyramid: A Commonalities-Based Synthesis of Intervention, Relationship, and Person/Personhood.

Adapting the therapeutic pyramid to the supervision of psychotherapy, the author presents and describes the supervision pyramid—a simple meta-model of the broad conceptual organizers of the supervi...
Defining and measuring social customer-relationship management (CRM) capabilities

Companies find it necessary to develop new social customer-relationship management (CRM) capabilities to facilitate their customer-related performance. This study seeks systematically to conceptualize and measure social CRM capability, defined as a firm’s efficiency in integrating and converting social media marketing resources into desired sales revenue and customer-relationship outcomes. This definition focuses on the firm’s competency in obtaining, generating, organizing, and integrating information from customers’ social media engagement to maintain and improve the custome-relationship and its own financial performance. Adding to the conventional input–output stochastic frontier model, this study proposes including social media resource inputs and customer-related outcomes to measure social CRM capabilities. An empirical application suggests that social CRM capability is critical; investing in social media technology can lead to substantial CRM benefits and greater market value for the firm. Marketers should focus on developing strategies that emphasize customer-relationship building through social media, which allows for more customer involvement and interactions between the customer and the business.
CHAPTER I – ENERGY NEEDS–ENERGY SOURCES

This chapter briefly surveys the elements that make up the “energy crisis.” It illustrates various “non-conventional” energy sources proposed for the future: biological, wind, wave and solar. There is a large number of energy sources available on Earth; these sources of energy available to mankind on this planet are commonly divided into two broad categories: energy capital sources—that is, those sources of energy that, once used, cannot be replaced on any time scale less than millions of years; and energy income sources—that is, those sources of energy that are more or less continuously refreshed (by nature or by man assisting nature) and that may be considered to be available, at potentially their current levels of supply, for millions of years. The work discussed in the chapter mainly includes the theory, design and operation of solar cells. In discussing solar energy, the option of using ground-based solar energy collection systems or some type of solar energy collection system that is operated in space must be considered. Solar thermal-electric converters (STECs) and thermoelectric devices, both of which generate electrical energy from sunlight, using heat energy have also been considered as an intermediate step. Both of these systems utilize solar tracking mirror (or lens) optical subsystems for concentrating the relatively weak solar energy.
“Automation” of manufacturing in the late nineteenth century: the hand and machine labor study

Recent advances in artificial intelligence and robotics have generated a robust debate about the future of work. An analogous debate occurred in the late nineteenth century when mechanization first transformed manufacturing. We analyze an extraordinary dataset from the late nineteenth century, the Hand and Machine Labor study carried out by the US Department of Labor in the mid-1890s. We focus on transitions at the task level from hand to machine production, and on the impact of inanimate power, especially of steam power, on labor productivity. Our analysis sheds light on the ability of modern task-based models to account for the effects of historical mechanization.
Child Sexual Abuse in Organizational Settings: A Research Framework to Advance Policy and Practice:

Recent decades have produced growing public attention to the problem of child sexual abuse (CSA) occurring within civic institutions, school settings, youth sports, religious institutions, and other youth-serving organizations. Often amid considerable media and public scrutiny, such institutions have been called upon to improve their responses to sexual abuse incidents, address underlying organizational conditions that may foster such incidents, and develop viable systems of early intervention and prevention. These system challenges, in turn, have produced growing demand for high-quality research that can refine our understanding of the correlates and dynamics of sexual abuse within institutional settings and can help identify the parameters of effective strategies and responses. This article introduces a special issue of Sexual Abuse featuring emerging scholarship focused on CSA within organizational settings and sets forth a framework for further advancing the base of knowledge in this vital area of policy and practice.
Supporting evidence for DNA shearing as a mechanism for origin unwinding in eukaryotes

An earlier study demonstrated that head-to-head CMGs that encircle duplex DNA and track inward as occur at origins can melt double-strand DNA while encircling the duplex by pulling on opposite strands and shearing DNA apart. We show here that increasing the methylphosphonate neutral DNA from 10 nucleotides to 20 nucleotides reveals that CMG encircling duplex DNA only interacts with the tracking strand compared to the non-tracking strand. This significantly enhances support that CMG tracks on duplex DNA by binding only one strand. Furthermore EMSA assays using AMPPNP to load CMG onto DNA shows a stoichiometry of only 2 CMGs on an origin mimic DNA containing a 150 bp duplex with two loading single-strand (ss) tails enabling assay of dsDNA unwinding by a shearing force produced by only two head-to-head CMGs. The use of non-hydrolysable AMPPNP enabled a preincubation for CMG binding the two tailed origin mimic DNA and gave robust unwinding of dsDNA by head to head CMG-Mcm10s. With this precedent it is possible to envision that the cell may utilize opposing dsDNA motors to unwind DNA for other types of DNA transactions besides origin unwinding.
Local organizational determinants of local-international NGO collaboration

Collaborative relations between international and local non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have often been analysed in terms of their nature and impacts. This study explores several local organi...
Bargaining with a partially-incentivized agent

Abstract This paper explores the impact that agent bargaining (when one player represents another party in a bargaining situation for some form of compensation) has on the outcome of negotiations in a three-player setting. We conduct a laboratory experiment simulating a simple unstructured example of agent bargaining with various percentage-based compensation plans. We test hypotheses formulated using a Nash bargaining framework. We also propose novel behavioral explanations for the observed behavior. Our results suggest that compensation percentage has a non-monotonic effect on an agent’s bargaining effectiveness. We find that Nash bargaining does a poor job of explaining our observations, and that using a new solution concept we call the “minimization of differences” solution provides a promising alternative.
Metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma in isolated retroperitoneal lymph node without evidence of primary tumor in kidneys: A case report.

Background Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) plays a diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic role in myriad urologic malignancies, including testicular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. RCC represents 2% of all cancers with approximately 25% of patients presenting with advanced disease. Clear cell RCC (CCRCC) is the most common RCC, accounting for 75%-80% of all RCC. Case summary A 71-year-old man presented with a history of benign prostatic hypertrophy. He was asymptomatic without any hematuria, pain, or other urinary symptoms. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis showed a 1.8 cm left retroperitoneal lymph node. There was no evidence of renal pathology. A core biopsy was performed of the left para-aortic lymph node. Although the primary tumor site was unknown, the morphological and immunohistochemical features were most consistent with CCRCC. A RPLND was performed which revealed a single mass 5.5 cm in greatest dimension with extensive necrosis. The retroperitoneal lymph node was most compatible with CCRCC. A nephrectomy was not conducted as a renal mass had not been detected on any prior imaging studies. The patient did not receive any type of adjuvant therapy. The patient underwent surveillance with serial CT scans with contrast of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis for the next 5 years, all of which demonstrated no recurrent or metastatic disease and no evidence of retroperitoneal adenopathy. Conclusion Our unique case emphasizes the therapeutic role of metastasectomy in metastatic CCRCC even in the absence of primary tumor in the kidneys.
Quantitative Food Webs Indicate Modest Increases in the Transfer of Allochthonous and Autochthonous C to Macroinvertebrates Following a Large Wood Addition to a Temperate Headwater Stream

Headwaters suffer from reduced leaf and wood inputs and retention capacity from historical land actions like watershed logging and agriculture. When in-stream wood is reduced, stream retention capacity declines and subsequent changes in streamwater flow-paths and patterns of deposition alter decomposition and primary production that influence secondary invertebrate production via modified habitat and resources. Wood additions are commonly used as stream restoration tools for habitat improvements that can restore or strengthen food web connections; however, changes in carbon (C) flow through food webs are rarely measured because of time and expense. We quantified allochthonous and autochthonous C flow through aquatic macroinvertebrate communities one year before and two years after an experimental addition of large wood, compared to macroinvertebrates in an upstream control, in a temperate headwater stream. We predicted wood additions increase macroinvertebrate consumption and assimilation of allochthonous and autochthonous C through retention of leaves and altered flow-paths that expose more gravel and cobble for periphyton colonization. Macroinvertebrate allochthonous C assimilation tended to increase in years with greater organic matter retention and autochthonous C increased with more exposed gravel and cobble across seasons and between reaches. While the effect of wood addition on C flow through the macroinvertebrate community was minimal, it increased by ~20% relative to the control from an increase in production and C assimilation of common mayfly and caddisfly scrapers, Baetis and Glossossoma. Because the amount of organic matter retained and coarse substrate exposed corresponded with C form and amount consumed, restoration of large wood has the potential to increase organic matter C trophic transfer.
Subsurface transport potential of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs): Column experiments and modeling

Abstract Transport of ten perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) was studied with one-dimensional (1-D) saturated column experiments using four soil types with an organic carbon fraction (foc) range of ~0–0.045. Columns were operated under conditions relevant to aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF)-impacted fire protection training areas to determine the ability of equilibrium transport parameters to describe 1-D PFAA transport, if rate-limited sorption influences PFAA transport, and if kinetic parameters can be used to evaluate factors causing rate-limited sorption. Results of initial screening of PFAA breakthrough found that over half of the breakthrough curves deviated from equilibrium transport and merited further investigation. Subsequent analysis showed that, in many cases, these deviations could be accounted for by considering the range of applicable equilibrium Kd values (i.e. based on standard deviation) applicable to the solid phase. Thus, transport of the majority of PFAAs in 3 soils with foc of 0–0.017 was not impacted by rate-limited sorption. Further, low sorption led to transport that was essentially simultaneous for the majority of PFAAs in these porous media. Exceptions were observed for long-chain PFAAs, and also in a fourth soil with foc of 0.045, which indicated the potential for rate-limited sorption to impact transport in some scenarios. Subsequent flow interruption experiments isolating kinetic behavior confirmed rate-limited sorption caused nonequilibrium transport. Linear free energy relationships (LFERs) developed in previous work to predict the inverse relationship between mass transfer coefficients (k) and sorption parameters (i.e., Kd) were used to estimate values of k for PFAAs in this study. Resulting k values were 10−3 to 10−8 h−1, consistent with previously measured kinetic parameters for other polar and anionic compounds. Models incorporating estimated k values resulted in improved predictions of breakthrough observed in nonequilibrium scenarios (R2 0.83–0.98), but k values will require further validation prior to broader application. This work illustrates rate-limited sorption considerations are needed to describe 1-D column saturated transport for some PFAAs and solid phases. At field scales, subsurface heterogeneity and PFAA precursor transformation may be equally or even more important in determining saturated PFAA transport, but kinetic parameters in this study may help to determine relative contributions of rate-limited sorption to overall transport.