cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Higher-order Boussinesq equations for two-way propagation of shallow water waves

Abstract Standard perturbation methods are applied to Euler's equations of motion governing the capillary-gravity shallow water waves to derive a general higher-order Boussinesq equation involving the small-amplitude parameter, α = a / h 0 , and long-wavelength parameter, β = ( h 0 / l ) 2 , where a and l are the actual amplitude and wavelength of the surface wave, and h 0 is the height of the undisturbed water surface from the flat bottom topography. This equation is also characterized by the surface tension parameter, namely the Bond number τ = Γ / ρ g h 0 2 , where Γ is the surface tension coefficient, ρ is the density of water, and g is the acceleration due to gravity. The general Boussinesq equation involving the above three parameters is used to recover the classical model equations of Boussinesq type under appropriate scaling in two specific cases: (1) | 1 3 − τ | ≫ β , and (2) | 1 3 − τ | = O ( β ) . Case 1 leads to the classical (ill-posed and well-posed) fourth-order Boussinesq equations whose dispersive terms vanish at τ = 1 3 . Case 2 leads to a sixth-order Boussinesq equation, which was originally introduced on a heuristic ground by Daripa and Hua [P. Daripa, W. Hua, A numerical method for solving an illposed Boussinesq equation arising in water waves and nonlinear lattices, Appl. Math. Comput. 101 (1999) 159–207] as a dispersive regularization of the ill-posed fourth-order Boussinesq equation. The relationship between the sixth-order Boussinesq equation and fifth-order KdV equation is also established in the limiting cases of the two small parameters α and β.
Pain, Fatigue, and Intensity of Practice in People With Stroke Who Are Receiving Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy

Background and Purpose. There is little available information about changes in pain and fatigue status among people receiving constraint-induced movement therapy (CI therapy). This study examined such changes. Subjects. All participants were a subset of individuals with stroke enrolled in the Extremity Constraint-Induced Therapy Evaluation (EXCITE) trial and received 2 weeks of CI therapy either 3 to 9 months after stroke (subacute therapy group, n=18) or 1 year later (chronic therapy group, n=14). Methods. Pain, fatigue, and intensity of therapy were evaluated. The Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) and the pain scale of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for the upper extremity were administered before and after training. Single-item measures for pain and fatigue were administered twice daily during therapy. Results. All participants reported low mean pain (X=2.0, SD=0.93) and fatigue (X=2.7, SD=1.23) scores. Generally, differences between the subacute and the chronic therapy groups for pain, fatigue, intensity, and WMFT change scores were nonsignificant. Discussion and Conclusion. For selected patients with stroke, the intensive practice associated with CI therapy may be administered without exacerbation of pain or fatigue, even early during the recovery process.
Role for EPS8 in squamous carcinogenesis

We have investigated the role of the signaling intermediate, EPS8, in tumor progression using a model system and in vivo. HN4 primary tumor cells express low levels of EPS8, similar to normal keratinocytes, and show minimal invasion in vitro in response to epidermal growth factor, whereas HN12 cells express high levels of EPS8 and are highly motile in vitro and tumorigenic in vivo. Additional independent tumor cell lines also showed elevated EPS8 expression compared with normal keratinocytes. Using retroviral transduction, we generated HN4 cell lines expressing EPS8 (HN4/EPS8) at levels equivalent to those present in HN12 cells. HN4/EPS8 cells showed increased proliferation and migration compared with controls, together with elevated expression and activity of matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-9, which was dependent on protein kinase B (AKT) activity. Introduction of plasmids that direct synthesis of EPS8 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) into HN12 cells resulted in decreased EPS8 expression in these cells, which correlated with a decrease in their capacity to migrate and invade in vitro. In addition, shRNA-mediated knockdown of EPS8 reduced expression and activity of MMP-9 produced by these cells and reduced MMP-9 promoter activity. EPS8 knockdown cells showed decreased tumorigenicity in vivo compared with controls and lower MMP-9 expression. Conversely, overexpression of EPS8 in HN4 cells was sufficient to induce growth of these non-tumorigenic cells in orthotopic transplantation assays. Furthermore, EPS8 expression in clinical samples of squamous cell carcinoma showed variable expression levels and broadly paralleled expression of MMP-9. The data support a role for EPS8 in squamous carcinogenesis.
With a Little Help from My Friends: Generating Personalized Book Recommendations Using Data Extracted from a Social Website

With the large amount of books available nowadays, users are overwhelmed with choices when they attempt to find books of interest. While existing book recommendation systems, which are based on either collaborative filtering, content-based, or hybrid methods, suggest books (among the millions available) that might be appealing to the users, their recommendations are not personalized enough to meet users' expectations due to their collective assumption on group preference and/or exact content matching, which is a failure. To address this problem, we have developed PReF, a Personalized Recommender that relies on Friendships established by user son a social website, such as Library Thing, to make book recommendations tailored to individual users. In selecting books to be recommended to a user U, who is interested in a book B, PReF (i) considers books belonged to U's friends, (ii) applies word-correlation factors to disclose books similar in contents to B, (iii) depends on the ratings given to books by U's friends to identify highly-regarded books, and (iv) determine show reliable individual friends of U are in providing books from their own catalogs (that are similar in content to B)to be recommended. We have conducted an empirical study and verified that (i) relying on data extracted from social websites improves the effectiveness of book recommenders and (ii) PReF outperforms the recommenders employed by Amazon and Library Thing.
The role of two-cycle simulation in the S/390 verification process

Microprocessor design techniques have evolved to a point where large systems, such as S/390® servers, can be constructed using relatively few, but very complex, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). Delivery of a quality design in a timely fashion requires that several design activities progress simultaneously, with different types of verification used within the various design disciplines. This paper discloses a simulation method capable of functionally verifying a physical implementation of the design at a system level. The aggressive design schedule undertaken on the S/390 Parallel Enterprise Server G4 program required additional advances in simulation beyond those employed in the development of the IBM Enterprise System/9000® (ES/9000®) processor family. A new type of cycle simulation was developed to supplement the incumbent strategy of using conventional cycle simulation to verify system function combined with Boolean equivalence tools to perform logical-to-physical comparisons. This two-cycle simulation method was invented to verify areas such as logic built-in self-test (LBIST), array built-in self-test (ABIST), clock trees, firmware level-sensitive scan design (LSSD) rings, and large custom arrays, which are typically omitted by existing system verification methods. The creation of the two-cycle simulation model is discussed, along with several uses of the model and the types of errors uncovered.
A naturalistic examination of social comparisons and disordered eating thoughts, urges, and behaviors in college women.

Objective We examined the effects of body, eating, and exercise social comparisons on prospective disordered eating thoughts and urges (i.e., restriction thoughts, exercise thoughts, vomiting thoughts, binge eating urges) and behaviors (i.e., restriction attempts, exercising for weight/shape reasons, vomiting, binge eating) among college women using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Method Participants were 232 college women who completed a 2-week EMA protocol, in which they used their personal electronic devices to answer questions three times per day. Generalized estimating equation models were used to assess body, eating, and exercise comparisons as predictors of disordered eating thoughts, urges, and behaviors at the next report, adjusting for body dissatisfaction, negative affect, and the disordered eating thought/urge/behavior at the prior report, as well as body mass index. Results Body comparisons prospectively predicted more intense levels of certain disordered eating thoughts (i.e., thoughts about restriction and exercise). Eating comparisons prospectively predicted an increased likelihood of subsequent engagement in all disordered eating behaviors examined except vomiting. Exercise comparisons prospectively predicted less-intense thoughts about exercise and an increased likelihood of subsequent vomiting. Discussion Social comparisons are associated with later disordered eating thoughts and behaviors in the natural environment and may need to be specifically targeted in eating disorder prevention and intervention efforts. Targeting body comparisons may be helpful in terms of reducing disordered eating thoughts, but eating and exercise comparisons are also important and may need to be addressed in order to decrease engagement in actual disordered eating behaviors. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:141–150).
Improving Detection of Prediabetes in Children and Adults: Using Combinations of Blood Glucose Tests

Aim: To determine combinations of blood glucose tests: oral glucose tolerance (OGT), fasting plasma glucose (FBG) and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) that are associated with highest diagnostic rates of prediabetes in non-diabetic American children and adults. Methods: The 2007-2008 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys data were used for this study. Overall and specific prevalence of prediabetes (defined using OGT+FPG, OGT+HbA1C, HbA1C+FPG and OGT+FPG+HbA1C tests) were determined across age, race/ethnicity, sex and BMI categories. Results: FPG+HbA1C test was associated with significantly higher diagnostic rates of prediabetes across age, race/ethnicity and BMI. Estimates of overall prevalence of prediabetes using OGT+FPG, OGT+HbA1C, HbA1C+FPG and OGT+FPG+HbA1C tests were 20.3%, 24.2%, 33% and 34.3%, respectively. Compared to OGT+FPG, the use of HbA1C+FPG test in screening was associated with 44.8%, 135%, 38.6% and 35.9% increased prevalence of prediabetes in non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Mexican-American and other racial/ethnic men, respectively. The corresponding values in women were 67.8%, 140%, 37.2% and 42.6%, respectively. Combined use of all blood glucose tests did not improve the overall and gender-specific prediabetes prevalence beyond what was observed using HbA1C+FPG test. Conclusions: HbA1C criteria were associated with higher diagnosis rates of prediabetes than FPG and OGT tests in non-diabetic American children and adults. Using a combination of HbA1C and FPG test in screening for prediabetes reduces intrinsic systematic bias in using just HbA1C testing and offers the benefits of each test. A well-defined HbA1C that takes into consideration race/ethnicity, gender, age and body mass index may improve detection of prediabetes in population and clinical settings.
Take the Money and Run: The Determinants of Compliance with Aid Agreements

Conditions on aid agreements aim to increase aid effectiveness, and are, therefore, an important component of aid agreements. Yet little is known about why aid-recipient governments comply with these conditions. Some scholars have suggested a strategic-importance hypothesis: recipients comply when donors enforce conditions—and donors enforce conditions when recipients are not strategically important. However, there are many cases where strategically important countries comply with conditions and strategically unimportant countries fail to do so. We argue that to explain compliance, we must also understand how the desire to maximize revenue from major income sources, such as FDI and natural resource rents, changes the recipient's incentive to comply. Using data on World Bank records of compliance from 1964 to 2010, we find strong support for our hypotheses even after accounting for different model specifications and potential endogeneity. Paradoxically, donors can secure compliance from recipients for reasons unrelated to the promise of additional aid.
Who’s Asking? Interviewer Coethnicity Effects in African Survey Data

Face-to-face interviews constitute a social interaction between interviewer and respondent, and in the African context, social interactions are strongly shaped by ethnicity. Yet research using African survey data typically fails to account for the effect of shared ethnicity on survey responses. We find that respondents give systematically different answers to coethnic and noncoethnic interviewers across surveys in 14 African countries, but with significant variation in the degree of bias across question types and types of noncoethnic dyads, with the largest effects occurring where both the respondent and interviewer are members of ethnic groups with a history of political competition and conflict, and where the respondent or interviewer shares an ethnicity with the head of state. Our findings have practical implications for consumers of African survey data and underscore the context dependence of the social interaction that constitutes the survey experience.
Prevention of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by combination of epinephrine and a phenothiazine derivative, propiomazine.

SummaryRabbits treated with a mixture of propiomazine (a phenothiazine derivative) and epinephrine 5 weeks prior to sensitization with homologous spinal cord and adjuvant suspension failed to develop experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Of 12 animals begun on the drug mixture on the day of sensitization only 3 developed signs of the disease. Ten of 12 control animals showed evidence of the disease process while 7 of these showed frank paralysis of one or more extremities.
Role of paraventricular nucleus in regulation of sympathetic nerve frequency components

Autospectral and coherence analyses were used to determine the role of and interactions between paraventricular nucleus (PVN) nitric oxide, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and the N-methyl-d-aspartic a...
Indoleacetic acid and growth of bacteria with varying requirements for nicotinic acid and tryptophane.

Summary and Conclusions1. A number of organisms whose tryptophane and nicotinic acid requirements are known were tested for possible inhibition by indoleacetic acid and reversal by nicotinic acid and tryptophane in chemically defined media.2. Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus arabinosus 17-5, L. casei, Streptococcus faecalis R, and Aerobacter aerogenes were inhibited by concentrations of indoleacetic acid of one mg/ml Occasionally slight inhibitions were noted at 0.1 mg/ml levels.3. No significant relief of inhibition was obtained with either nicotinic acid or tryptophane4. Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (607) were not inhibited by indoleacetic acid at the concentrations studied.5. Fairll consistent stimulation at 0.1 mg/ml levels of indoleacetic acid were obtained with L. arabinosus and L. casei in the presence of limiting concentrations of tryptophane.6. The significance of these results in relocation to possible metabolite-antagonist relationship between indoleacetic acid and trypto...
An Object-Oriented Re-Engineering of a Three-Dimensional Higher-Order Subsonic/Supersonic Panel Code -HISSS

An existing Fortran code HISSS is reengineered into an object-oriented code using Java. HISSS is a three-dimensional panel method code, which computes the inviscid flow past arbitrary wing-body configurations at subsonic and supersonic speed using a higher-order singularity method. In HISSS, surface of the configuration and its wake are modeled by networks of panels that carry singularity distributions on them. Sources are used to represent the thickness of the configuration, and doublets represent the circulation and the generated lift. The strengths of these singularities are determined by imposing appropriate boundary conditions on a set of control points. The re-engineered Java code is embedded with object-oriented programming language features like
Automated External Defibrillators in Sport, Recreation, and Fitness Programs:

Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) are portable devices about the size of a laptop computer, that deliver an electrical shock to restore a cardiac arrest victim's heartbeat back to normal. Th...
Beyond the vent: New perspectives on hydrothermal plumes and pelagic biology

Abstract Submarine hydrothermal vent fields introduce buoyant plumes of chemically altered seawater to the deep-sea water column. Chemoautotrophic microbes exploit this energy source, facilitating seafloor-based primary production that evidence suggests may transfer to pelagic consumers. While most hydrothermal plumes have relatively small volumes, there are recent examples of large-scale plume events associated with periods of eruptive activity, which have had a pronounced effect on water-column biology. This correlation suggests that hydrothermal plumes may have influenced basin-scale ocean chemistry during periods of increased submarine volcanism during the Phanerozoic eon. This paper synthesizes a growing body of scientific evidence supporting the hypothesis that hydrothermal plumes are the energetic basis of unique deep-sea pelagic food webs. While many important questions remain concerning the biology of hydrothermal plumes, this discussion is not present in ongoing management efforts related to seafloor massive sulfide (SMS) mining. Increased research efforts, focused on high-resolution surveys of midwater biology relative to plume structures, are recommended to establish baseline conditions and monitor the impact of future mining-based disturbances to the pelagic biosphere.
Different lens or different picture? Comparing methods of defining dramatic change in psychotherapy.

Objectives: Differing methodologies that identify dramatic change in psychotherapy have been thought to be capturing similar phenomena. We compared three methods—percentage improvement-50% (PI-50),...
Psychotic mania induced by diffuse meditation.

• Despite the growing data of the benefits associated with meditation, it could also trigger mania in susceptible individuals.
Open Data and Open Source GIS

The multiple dimensions and scales of emerging open data pose numerous challenges for the application and evaluation of public policies. At the same time, domain researchers have been relatively slow to adopt and implement new spatiotemporally explicit data analysis methods due to the availability of suitable data and the lack of extensible software packages, which becomes a major impediment to the promotion of spatiotemporal thinking and collaboration. In this regard, more attention to open data and open source geographic information system (GIS) is necessary. Free access to the data and source code allows the broader GIS and domain science communities to incorporate additional advances in theoretical perspectives and analytical methods, thus facilitating interdisciplinary collaboration of spatial science and education. A case study of comparative LISA time path is illustrated in the open source GIS context. Additionally, open source implementation of new methods can expedite comparative studies of geographical dynamics.
Multicultural experiences reduce prejudice through personality shifts in Openness to Experience

Across two studies we test the prediction that multicultural experiences reduce intercultural prejudice by increasing Openness to Experience. In Study 1, frequency of self-reported multicultural experiences was associated with greater openness and less ethnic prejudice, and openness explained the relationship between multicultural experiences and ethnic prejudice. In Study 2, we experimentally manipulated a multicultural experience. Compared to those in a control condition, participants exposed to the cultural members and elements of foreign cultures reported being higher in Openness to Experience and expressed less prejudice toward these cultural groups. There was also some evidence that multicultural exposure, through openness, caused secondary transfer effects in prejudice reduction. Our findings suggest that exposure to multicultural environments can improve intercultural attitudes by personality shifts in Openness to Experience.
Ventilator Data Extraction with a Video Display Image Capture and Processing System

Medical hardware and software device interoperability standards are not uniform. The result of this lack of standardization is that information available on clinical devices may not be readily or freely available for import into other systems for research, decision support, or other purposes. We developed a novel system to import discrete data from an anesthesia machine ventilator by capturing images of the graphical display screen and using image processing to extract the data with off-the-shelf hardware and open-source software. We were able to successfully capture and verify live ventilator data from anesthesia machines in multiple operating rooms and store the discrete data in a relational database at a substantially lower cost than vendor-sourced solutions.
Evaluation of Bt Transgenic Sweet Corn Hybrids for Resistance to Corn Earworm and Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) using a Meridic Diet Bioassay

A laboratory bioassay was used to evaluate Bt transgenic sweet corn hybrids for resistance against the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Sm...
Wetting Regimes for Residual-Layer-Free Transfer Molding at Micro- and Nanoscales

Transfer molding offers a low-cost approach to large-area fabrication of isolated structures in a variety of materials when recessed features of the open-faced mold are filled without leaving a residual layer on the plateaus of the mold. Considering both macroscale dewetting and microscale capillary flow, a proposed map of wetting regimes for blade meniscus coating provides a guide for achieving discontinuous dewetting at maximum throughput. Dependence of meniscus morphology on the azimuthal orientation of the stamp provides insight into the dominant mechanisms for discontinuous dewetting of one-dimensional (1-D) patterns. Critical meniscus velocity is measured and residual-layer-free filling is demonstrated for 1-D patterned soft molds (stamps) with periods ranging from 140 nm to 6 μm. Transfer of isolated lines, and multilayer woodpile structures were achieved through plasma bonding. These results are relevant to other roll-to-roll compatible processes for scalable production of high-resolution structur...
Reactions to children's faces: Males are more affected by resemblance than females are, and so are their brains

Abstract The detection of genetic relatedness (i.e., kinship) affects the social, parental, and sexual behavior of many species. In humans, self-referent phenotype matching based on facial resemblance may indicate kinship, and it has been demonstrated that facial resemblance increases perceptions of trustworthiness and attractiveness [ Proc. R. Soc. Lond., B Biol. Sci. 269 (2002) 1307–1312; Proc. R. Soc. Lond., B Biol. Sci. (in press)]. However, investigations of sex differences in reaction to facial resemblance have produced mixed results [ Evol. Hum. Behav. 25 (2004) 142–154; Evol. Hum. Behav. 23 (2002) 159–166; Evol. Hum. Behav. 24 (2003) 81–87]. Here, we replicate the effects of Platek et al. [ Evol. Hum. Behav. 23 (2002) 159–166] using high-resolution color morphing. We also extend these findings using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to demonstrate a possible neural mechanism that may account for the observed sex difference. These data support the hypothesis that human males may use and favor facial resemblance as a paternity cue.
Myocardial injury in fetal aortic stenosis: Insights from amniotic fluid analysis.

OBJECTIVE Fetal aortic stenosis (AS) imposes pressure load on the developing left ventricle (LV) and leads to derangements in myocardial structure and function via mechanisms that are not well characterized. METHODS We compared amniotic fluid NT-BNP and troponin levels in fetuses with AS prior to fetal valvuloplasty and controls. We estimated correlations between NT-BNP and fetal echo parameters and identify NT-BNP cutoff associated with biventricular outcome RESULTS: Median NT-BNP level was higher in fetal AS than controls (3858 vs 1737 pg/mL, P detectable in 0/25 (0%) AS cases compared with 22/85 (26%) controls (P = 0.03). Of 25 fetal AS cases, 12 (48%) had biventricular outcome. Fetuses with NT-BNP < 910 pg/mL were more likely to have biventricular (OR =10) compared with those ≥910 pg/mL (P = 0.045). Higher NT-BNP correlated with earlier gestational age and measures of larger left heart size. CONCLUSION NT-BNP is elevated in fetal AS, suggesting that LV pressure load and increased wall stress lead to maladaptive stretch-related myocardial remodeling. Troponin is normal in mid-gestation fetal AS, suggesting that ischemia is not the primary factor in fetal response to LV pressure load.
Self-Normalized Large Deviations in Vector Spaces

In this short note we define and study properties of Partial Large Deviation Principles (PLDP), using them to extend Cramer’s theorem to self-normalized partial sums of i.i.d. random vectors obeying no moment assumption.
Pharmacologic Treatment for Depression at Injury Is Associated With Fewer Clinician Visits for Persistent Symptoms After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Medical Record Review Study

Abstract Background Depression and traumatic brain injury (TBI) substantially contribute to the U.S. health care burden. Depression is a known risk factor for prolonged recovery after TBI. However, the effect of depression treatment on health care utilization has yet to be studied. Objective To examine whether an association exists between pharmacologic treatment of depression at the time of mild or concussive TBI and the number of subsequent clinician visits for persistent injury-related symptoms. Design Retrospective medical record review. Setting Tertiary care medical center. Participants A total of 120 patients (mean age 45.6 years) with a history of depression who subsequently experienced a mild or concussive TBI were included. Methods Individuals were identified with co-occurring diagnoses of depression and mild or concussive TBI by retrospective electronic medical record review. The diagnosis of depression must have preceded the diagnosis of TBI. Main Outcome The number of clinician visits for postinjury symptoms were counted at 3, 6, and 12 months postinjury. Results Clinician visits for persistent injury-related symptoms were significantly fewer at all 3 time points for the group treated for depression at time of injury. Conclusions Depressed individuals who were pharmacologically treated for depression at the time of TBI had significantly fewer clinician visits for persistent postinjury symptoms than those not pharmacologically treated for depression at the time of injury. Routine depression screening in patients with a high risk for TBI may identify a mood disorder that could contribute to persistent symptoms if left untreated, with its effective management potentially reducing health-related costs. Level of Evidence III
Introduction to Building Energy Modeling

There is good reason that so much attention is paid to the concept of mathematical model in engineering and physics curriculum. Simple regressions derived from empirical data, differential equations based on first-principles, or detailed computational fluid dynamic simulations each provide an analytical framework that yields insight into the behavior of physical systems. In turn, those insights can lead to design decisions that have real impact on safety, cost, and performance of the cars we drive, the power grids that deliver our electricity, and the energy efficiency of the buildings we live and work in.
Alarm Calls in Birds and Mammals

Alarm signals are used by animals to signal the presence of some kind of threat. Such signals can employ a number of different sensory modalities such as vision, audition, tactile, and olfaction. Much of the work with the evolution of alarm signals has been done with alarm calls, which are vocalizations made in response to the presence of a predator or a perceived threat. Alarm calls can have two different forms of acoustic structure. One is a high-pitched pure tone that often has ventriloquistic properties. The other is a call that is frequency-modulated such as a whistle or a call with a series of harmonics. The evolution of alarm calls appears to have progressed from sounds that were made purely from fear to sounds that contain complex information about the predator or source of alarm. Beyond that, there are two hypotheses for how and to whom alarm calls communicate information. One hypothesis suggests that kin-selection played a dominant role, and that such calls evolved to warn relatives of the caller about potential danger. Another hypothesis suggests that alarm calls evolved as a way of communicating with a predator through pursuit-invitation, as a way of informing the predator that an attempt to capture the caller would be futile. Alarm calls can contain referential information, that is, information about some attribute or behavior of the predator. Some alarm calls show response-urgency, in that the calls change in response to how urgently the caller and other animals have to respond to an attack by a predator. Other animals have calls that contain information about the attributes of the predator, such as whether the predator is a terrestrial or aerial hunter, and in some cases, the species, size, shape, and color of the predator.
Differences in the androgen response between two mouse species.

Renal weight and β-glucuronidase activity are two of several well-characterized androgen-responsive parameters inMus musculus. A similar sexual dimorphism was not reported for a second mouse species,Mus caroli, however. Since this was not associated with a general absence of androgen action, we considered whether a localized defect in androgen receptors or a difference in renal androgen-responsive endpoints in the two species existed. Only minor differences in the characteristics of renal androgen receptors from the two species were found when they were analyzed by two different methods. These differences were not thought to be sufficient to account for the apparent renal androgen unresponsiveness. No differences were found in androgen receptors from brain. Subsequently, a third renal endpoint, ornithine decarboxylase activity, was found to respond to androgen stimulation inMus caroli. Control of renal androgen action in these two mouse species thus differs at the level of genetic regulatory elements.
Platelet Function and ABO Blood Group

An influence of the ABO blood group on von Willebrand and Factor VIII:C levels is known. Von Willebrand factor interacts with at least two platelet membrane receptors, but the effect of ABO group on platelet function is an unstudied area. The authors examined platelet function in 40 plateletpheresis donors using an impedance lumi-aggregometer. Aggregation responses to collagen, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and ristocetin were measured and the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release to thrombin. Twenty donors were Group O and 20 were Group A. Measurements of von Willebrand factor antigen (vWf:Ag), Factor VIII: C, and ristocetin co-factor (RiCoF) in the same group showed reduced levels of vWf:Ag and Factor VIII:C in Group O, as previously reported. The aggregation response to collagen and ADP and the release of ATP did not differ. The aggregation response to ristocetin, however, was better in Group O than in Group A despite the lower vWf:Ag levels. The explanation for this is unclear, but the data suggest an influence of blood group antigens on the interaction between von Willebrand’s factor and platelets.
Expressive vs. strategic voters: An empirical assessment

Abstract Leading theories of how voters choose between candidates are rooted in two very different paradigms, with starkly different behavioral implications. Exploiting the incentive structure of Germany's electoral system, I develop a novel set of empirical tests that pit the canonical pivotal voter model against alternative accounts according to which individuals derive expressive utility from supporting their most preferred candidate. The results show that neither paradigm can explain the most-salient features of the data. In addition, the evidence suggests that voters cannot be neatly categorized into sincere and strategic “types”.
Allogynaspis flechtmanni , a new genus and species of the subfamily Macrochelinae (Acari: Mesostigmata: Macrochelidae) from southeastern Brazil, with comments on cheliceral dentition, reproductive strategies, and postepigynal platelets

Allogynaspis flechtmanni n. gen., n. sp. is described from litter bordering a stream in a forested area of Itatiaia National Park in southeastern Brazil. Although it shares a number of traits with the free-living macrochelid genera Nothrholaspis and Macrholaspis, the new species presents a unique combination of characters that argues against its inclusion in either genus, or in any other recognised macrochelid genus. A dichotomous key that distinguishes Allogynaspis from related macrocheline genera is included in the text.
Renal and extrarenal regulation of body fluid composition

Abstract Avian osmoregulation comprises a set of physiological controls that function to protect the amount and concentration of water and solutes in the intracellular and extracellular fluids (Table 19.1). Achieving that regulation requires balancing the input and output of water and electrolytes and involves the interacting contributions of the kidneys, intestinal tract, salt glands (when present), skin, and respiratory tracts (as routes of evaporative water loss). The integration of these organs is unique in birds among the vertebrates. Birds lack a urinary bladder, and avian urine enters the lower intestine, where it may be significantly modified in the coprodeum, colon, and ceca. Under some circumstances, in some species, the salt glands are critical for osmoregulatory balance, and the majority of total water loss may be evaporative, not excretory, with the relative roles of skin and respiration varying among species and conditions. The present chapter will focus most heavily on anatomical and functional organization of the kidneys and lower intestine, but will also examine aspects of those other organs of osmoregulation.
Evaluating Peanuts for Resistance to Cylindrocladium Black Rot1

Abstract Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR), a devastating disease of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), is caused by Cylindrocladium crotalariae (Loos) Bell and Sobers [perfect state, Calonectria crotalar...
Climbing the water ladder in poor urban areas: Preferences for 'limited' and 'basic' water services in Accra, Ghana.

Abstract While providing drinking water on premises to all citizens in urban areas may be desirable, economic and institutional challenges coupled with poverty, insecure tenure, and other barriers prevent many water utilities from providing private taps to all households. To meet growing water demand and fill gaps in service delivery, alternative forms of public water service provision are critical. We implemented a choice experiment in Nima-Maamobi, a poor, underserved urban settlement in Accra, Ghana, to investigate household preferences for public standpipes based on the basic and limited water service categories under the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme's new water ladder. We also elicited local preferences for potential service administrators of the standpipes. Choice responses provided by 344 respondents were analyzed using a generalized multinomial logit model. Households were willing to pay up to US$1.25 for a 20-liter bucket of safe drinkable water, which is consistent with the average household water expenditure in the study site. Households spend at least 22% of their monthly income on water. Households' willingness to pay varied according to alternative levels of accessibility, availability, and quality of water services. Households showed strong preferences for community-based committees and nongovernmental organizations over the current water utility and the municipal assembly. The policy implications of the findings are discussed.
Racial and ethnic disparities in the discordance between women's assessment of the timing of their prenatal care entry and the first trimester standard

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the discordance between women's assessment of the adequacy of the timing of their prenatal care entry and the standard of first trimester initiation was associated with maternal race or ethnicity. Methods: A population-based surveillance system, the California Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, provided data on a stratified random sample of 4,987 women. The women delivered live-born infants from 1994–95 in three perinatal regions. Respondents completed an in-hospital, self-administered questionnaire. Weighted data were analyzed with multiple logistic regression. Results: Twenty-two percent of the women in the sample initiated prenatal care after the first trimester of pregnancy (n = 1,097). Among the women with untimely care, 57% (n = 591) were satisfied with the time of care initiation. Discordance between the women's perception of the adequacy of the time of care initiation and the public health standard of first trimester initiation was associated with maternal ethnicity. After controlling for potential confounders, Mexican-born women with untimely care were more likely to report being satisfied with the time of initiation than were white non-Latina women with untimely care (OR = 4.03, CI = 2.46, 6.59). Conclusions: The design of public health interventions to increase the timeliness of prenatal care initiation will require a greater understanding of pregnant women's own perceptions of their needs for prenatal care, and the differences in perceptions across ethnic groups.
Agile Natural Language Processing Model for Pathology Knowledge Extraction and Integration with Clinical Enterprise Data Warehouse

Electronic Medical Record (EMR) systems store patients' medical information in either structured or unstructured, free-text format such as clinical reports. Pathology notes are a type of clinical reports that may store cancer related information such as diagnoses and description of tissue sample. Data in clinical documents can provide up to 20% of knowledge in addition to structured data stored in discrete fields. The process of extracting information from documents can be time-consuming and non-trivial. We evaluated several natural language processing (NLP) open source tools to extract terms of interest from pathology documents and to incorporate with data already stored in the institutional data warehouse (EDW). Many of the evaluated NLP software tools provide various features, but none suites our immediate need of extracting key pathology terms. This paper discusses our in-house developed framework to identify and extract pathology data points from pathology documents, curate, and load in the EDW. The performance of the proposed model was evaluated and extracted terms were validated with data stored in the institutional electronic medical record system.
Catalyzing the Hydrodefluorination of CF 3-Substituted Alkenes by PhSiH 3. H• Transfer from a Nickel Hydride

The hydrodefluorination of CF3-substituted alkenes can be catalyzed by a nickel(II) hydride bearing a pincer ligand. The catalyst loading can be as low as 1 mol%. gem-Difluoroalkenes containing a number of functional groups can be formed in good to excellent yields by a radical mechanism initiated by H• transfer from the nickel hydride. The relative reactivity of various substrates supports the proposed mechanism, as does a TEMPO trapping experiment.
Polyfoam: Foam-Templated Microcellular Polymers.

High internal phase emulsion (HIPE) templating has been developed as robust method for synthesis of porous polymers with designed porosity and void size. However, it has low starting material effic...
Anatomy of the Periorbital Region

This chapter provides a description of the superficial anatomy, the osteology, and the musculature of the orbit and periorbital region, and drainage of lacrimal fluid. The vasculature of the orbit is outlined highlighting the extensive vessel anastomoses in the periorbital region and the risk of retrograde injection into the ophthalmic artery or its central artery branch to the retina. Superficial veins of the orbit and face do not have valves and communicate with the cavernous sinus and the pterygoid plexus allowing for retrograde flow into the cranium.
How Contextual Performance Influences Perceptions of Personality and Leadership Potential

espanolLa investigacion ha encontrado que los empleados que puntuan alto en los rasgos de personalidad de cooperacion y persistencia tienden a implicarse en mas desempeno contextual en el trabajo -conductas extra rol que apoyan y mantienen la estructura organizacional. En un experimento entre sujetos, examinamos si las descripciones de empleados implicados en desempeno contextual afectaban a las inferencias sobre sus rasgos de personalidad y su potencial de liderazgo. Tambien examinamos si el genero del empleado moderaba los efectos de la facilitacion interpersonal sobre las percepciones de amigabilidad y las percepciones de amigabilidad sobre la emergencia del liderazgo. Como predijimos, la relacion positiva entre la facilitacion interpersonal y la emergencia del liderazgo fue explicada por un incremento de las percepciones de extraversion y amigabilidad, aunque no emergieron los efectos debidos al genero. Al implicarse en facilitacion interpersonal, los empleados pueden ser capaces de aumentar la confianza de los demas en su potencial de liderazgo a traves de inferencias de personalidad. EnglishResearch has found that employees high in cooperative and persistent personality traits tend to engage in more contextual performance at work—extra-role behaviors that support and maintain organizational structure. In a between-subjects experiment, we examined whether descriptions of employees engaged in contextual performance affected inferences about their personality traits and leadership potential. We also examined whether the effects of interpersonal facilitation on perceptions of agreeableness, and perceptions of agreeableness on leadership emergence, were moderated by target employee gender. As predicted, the positive relationship between interpersonal facilitation and leadership emergence was explained by increased perceptions of extraversion and agreeableness, though no effects of target gender emerged. By engaging in interpersonal facilitation, employees may be able to increase others’ confidence in their leadership potential through personality inferences.
Curiosity helps: Growth in need for cognition bidirectionally predicts future reduction in anxiety and depression symptoms across 10 years.

Abstract Introduction Decreased motivational tendency to seek out, engage in, and enjoy investing in complex cognitive processes in a sustained manner (need for cognition; NFC) may be a predictor and consequence of heightened anxiety and depression symptoms (ADS). However, the majority of investigations on this topic have been cross-sectional, which hinders causal inferences. Methods The current study thus determined the within-person relations between NFC and ADS by using random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) and bivariate dual latent change score (BLCS) approaches to separate between- and within-person effects. RI-CLPM and BLCS also present with advantages of adjusting for regression to the mean, baseline scores, autoregressive and lagged effects, and minimizing measurement error. Community-dwelling adults (n = 6750) completed the Mental Health Inventory-5 and trait-level NFC scales approximately every one year across 10 years. Results RI-CLPM showed that within persons, lower level of NFC predicted higher future level of ADS, and vice versa (d = -0.852 to -0.498). Likewise, BLCS demonstrated that within persons, smaller change in NFC forecasted larger subsequent increase in ADS, and conversely (d = -0.631 to -0.519). Findings remained after adjusting for socio-demographic covariates. Conclusion Consistent with theories, findings suggested that the within-person level-to-future level and change-to-future change relations among NFC and ADS were bi-directional and negative, with moderate-to-large effect sizes. Targeting NFC may treat or prevent the emergence of depression and anxiety disorders. Such efforts may include augmenting or personalizing evidence-based cognitive-behavioral therapeutic strategies for individuals with or at-risk for heightened ADS.
Feasibility assessment of oil sands process water treatment in a flow‐through microbial electrolysis cell

Abstract This study examines the feasibility of oil sands process water (OSPW) treatment in a gravitational flow-through membraneless microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) using crushed metallurgical coke as an electrode material. Synthetic OSPW was composed of the water soluble fraction (WSF) of diesel, naphthenic acids (NAs), and metals with a total chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of 200 mg L − 1 and total NA concentration of 9.4 mg L − 1. OSPW treatment under bioelectrochemical conditions (1.4 V applied voltage) was compared with a control system operated at 0 V. Furthermore, in an additional set of experiments, microaerobic conditions were applied to both MEC and control setups to facilitate NA biodegradation. Highest NA and COD removal rates were observed in the MEC with microaeration in electrode compartments, where total NA concentration decreased to 4.2 mg L − 1 at a hydraulic retention time of 4 days. Furthermore, microtox and microalgae toxicological assays showed substantial toxicity decrease in this MEC.
Discovery and Characterization of a Bilirubin Inducible Green Fluorescent Protein From the Moray Eel Gymnothorax zonipectis

Since the initial discovery of Aqueoria victoria’s green fluorescence off the coast of Washington’s Puget Sound, biofluorescent marine organisms have been found across the globe. The variety of colors of biofluorescence as well as the variability in the organisms that exhibit this fluorescence is astounding. The mechanisms of biofluorescence in marine organisms are also variable. To fluoresce, some organisms use fluorescent proteins, while others use small molecules. In eels, green biofluorescence was first identified in Anguilla japonica. The green fluorescence in A. japonica was discovered to be caused by a fatty acid binding protein (UnaG) whose fluorescence is induced by the addition of bilirubin. Members of this class of proteins were later discovered in Kaupichthys eels (Chlopsid FP I and Chlopsid FP II). Here, we report the discovery and characterization of the first member of this class of green fluorescent fatty acid binding proteins from the moray eel Gymnothorax zonipectis. This protein, GymFP, is 15.6 kDa with a fluorescence excitation at 496 nm and an emission maximum at 532 nm upon addition of bilirubin. GymFP is 61% homologous to UnaG and 47% homologous to Chlopsid FP I. Here, we report de novo transcriptome assembly, protein expression, and fluorescence spectroscopic characterization of GymFP. These findings extend the fluorescent fatty acid binding proteins into a third family of true eels (Anguilliformes).