cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ICSE 2003 workshop on software engineering for high assurance systems: synergies between process, product, and profiling (SEHAS 2003)

A critical issue in software engineering is how to construct high assurance software systems, i.e., software systems where compelling evidence is required that the system delivers its services in a manner satisfying critical properties, such as safety and security. This two-day ICSE workshop, the third in a series of workshops on high assurance systems, will provide a forum for researchers and practitioners to exchange ideas and experiences relevant to the development of software for aerospace systems, medical systems, systems controlling nuclear power plants, and other critical systems. Participants of the SEHAS 2003 workshop will explore the opportunities for, and benefits of, synergies between three important themes---product, process, and profiling---each theme reflecting an important aspect of software development for high assurance systems.
International facility location decisions: a review of the modelling literature

Recently, international facilities location problems have attracted a great deal of attention in literature. Consequently, there has been an explosive growth in analytical studies in the field of facility location and, more specifically in global facility location. This paper provides a review of the existing literature with respect to factors involved in global trade and develops a taxonomy of existing analytical models. Some avenues of further research are also suggested.
Ezra Pound and Italian fascism

(1994). Ezra Pound and Italian fascism. History of European Ideas: Vol. 18, No. 5, pp. 818-819.
Ring oscillator based embedded structure for decoupling PMOS/NMOS degradation with switching activity replication

Until recently, negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) has been regarded as the primary reliability concern. However, with the introduction of high-k metal gate stacks, positive bias temperature instability (PBTI) has gradually become equally important. Conventional ring oscillator based structures monitor the delay/frequency through an inverter chain to track the PMOS threshold voltage (Vt) degradation due to NBTI, with the assumption of zero degradation in the NMOS device. Therefore these structures lose their effectiveness in the presence of PBTI. In this work, we propose a ring oscillator based test structure that isolates the Vt degradation in the PMOS device and the NMOS device, hence permitting simultaneous monitoring of both. We also introduce a switching activity replication scheme for more accurate prediction of degradation in actual data paths.
Synergistic impacts of malathion and predatory stress on six species of North American tadpoles

The decline of many amphibian populations is associated with pesticides, but for most pesticides we know little about their toxicity to amphibians. Malathion is a classic example; it is sprayed over aquatic habitats to control mosquitoes that carry malaria and the West Nile virus, yet we know little about its effect on amphibians. I examined the survival of six species of tadpoles (wood frogs, Rana sylvatica; leopard frogs, R. pipiens; green frogs, R. clamitans; bullfrogs, R. catesbeiana; American toads, Bufo americanus; and gray tree frogs, Hyla versicolor) for 16 d in the presence or absence of predatory stress and six concentrations of malathion. Malathion was moderately toxic to all species of tadpoles (median lethal concentration [LC50] values, the concentration estimated to kill 50% of a test population, ranged from 1.25-5.9 mg/L). These values are within the range of values reported for the few amphibians that have been tested (0.2-42 mg/L). In one of the six species, malathion became twice as lethal when combined with predatory stress. Similar synergistic interactions have been found with the insecticide carbaryl, suggesting that the synergy may occur in many carbamate and organophosphate insecticides. While malathion has the potential to kill amphibians and its presence is correlated with habitats containing declining populations, its actual role in amphibian declines is uncertain given the relatively low concentration in aquatic habitats.
The cost of selective attention in category learning: Developmental differences between adults and infants

Selective attention plays an important role in category learning. However, immaturities of top-down attentional control during infancy coupled with successful category learning suggest that early category learning is achieved without attending selectively. Research presented here examines this possibility by focusing on category learning in infants (6–8 months old) and adults. Participants were trained on a novel visual category. Halfway through the experiment, unbeknownst to participants, the to-be-learned category switched to another category, where previously relevant features became irrelevant and previously irrelevant features became relevant. If participants attend selectively to the relevant features of the first category, they should incur a cost of selective attention immediately after the unknown category switch. Results revealed that adults demonstrated a cost, as evidenced by a decrease in accuracy and response time on test trials as well as a decrease in visual attention to newly relevant features. In contrast, infants did not demonstrate a similar cost of selective attention as adults despite evidence of learning both to-be-learned categories. Findings are discussed as supporting multiple systems of category learning and as suggesting that learning mechanisms engaged by adults may be different from those engaged by infants.
Physiological and biochemical responses of fruit exocarp of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) mutants to natural photo-oxidative conditions

Thesis (Ph.D.), Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Washington State University
Boundary Currents and Watermass Transformation in Marginal Seas

The properties of watermass transformation and the thermohaline circulation in marginal seas with topography and subject to a spatially uniform net surface cooling are discussed. The net heat loss within the marginal sea is ultimately balanced by lateral advection from the open ocean in a narrow boundary current that flows cyclonically around the basin. Heat loss in the interior is offset by lateral eddy fluxes originating in the boundary current. The objectives of this study are to understand better what controls the density of waters formed within the marginal sea, the temperature of the outflowing waters, the amount of downwelling, and the mechanisms of heat transport within the marginal sea. The approach combines heat budgets with linear stability theory for a baroclinic flow over a sloping bottom to provide simple theoretical estimates of each of these quantities in terms of the basic parameters of the system. The theory compares well to a series of eddy-resolving primitive equation model calculations. The downwelling is concentrated within the boundary current in both a diffusive boundary layer near topography and an eddy-driven region on the offshore edge of the boundary current. For most high-latitude regions, the horizontal gyre is expected to transport more heat than does the overturning gyre.
Charcoal effects on soil solution chemistry and growth of Koeleria macrantha in the ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir ecosystem

We conducted laboratory and greenhouse experi- ments to determine whether charcoal derived from the ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir ecosystem may influence soil solution chemistry and growth of Koeleria macrantha ,a perennial grass that thrives after fire. In our first experi- ment, we incubated forest soils with a factorial combination of Douglas-fir wood charcoal generated at 350°C and extracts of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi with and without the addition of glycine as a labile N source. These results showed that charcoal increased N mineralization and nitrification when glycine was added, but reduced N mineralization and nitrification without the addition of glycine. Charcoal significantly reduced the solution con- centration of soluble phenols from litter extracts, but may have contributed bioavailable C to the soil that resulted in N immobilization in the no-glycine trial. In our second experiment, we grew K. macrantha in soil amended with charcoal made at 350°C from ponderosa pine and Douglas- fir bark. Growth of K. macrantha was significantly diminished by both of these charcoal types relative to the control. In our third experiment, we grew K. macrantha in soil amended with six concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10%) of charcoal collected from a wildfire. The data showed increasing growth of K. macrantha with charcoal addition, suggesting some fundamental differences between laboratory-generated charcoal and wildfire-produced char- coal. Furthermore, they suggest a need for a better understanding of how temperature and substrate influence the chemical properties of charcoal.
HOW NOT TO LIE WITH ETHNOGRAPHY

This paper describes a simple strategy for doing more reliable ethnography: after fieldwork has commenced, investigators can use thought experiments to recognize inconvenient phenomena. Two examples are discussed: “the ethnographic trial” and the “inconvenience sample.” The paper uses Clifford Geertz's classic “Notes on the Balinese Cockfight” as a case of how work could be made more reliable with such strategies. It highlights the value of systematically identifying aspects of the situation under study that have been excluded from the analysis.
The Nutrient Rich Foods Index helps to identify healthy, affordable foods

Background: The Nutrient Rich Foods (NRF) Index is a formal scoring system that ranks foods on the basis of their nutrient content. When used in conjunction with a food prices database, it can help identify foods that are both nutritious and affordable. Objective: Our aim was to identify healthy, affordable foods and food groups by using the NRF index and US Department of Agriculture (USDA) nutrient composition and food prices data sets. Design: Foods in the USDA Food and Nutrition Database for Dietary Studies 1.0 were scored by using the NRF index. This NRF algorithm was represented by the sum of the percentage of the daily values of 9 nutrients to encourage (protein, fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, calcium, iron, magnesium, and potassium) minus the sum of the percentage of the maximum recommended values for 3 nutrients to limit (saturated fat, added sugar, and sodium). NRF scores and mean national food prices were calculated per calorie and per US Food and Drug Administration‐defined serving. Results: Each of the 9 USDA food groups offered foods of diverse nutritive value and cost. Eggs, dry beans and legumes, and meat and milk products were the lowest-cost sources of protein. Milk and milk products were the lowest-cost sources of calcium, whereas vegetables and fruit were the lowest-cost sources of vitamin C. Milk, potatoes, citrus juices, cereals, and beans had more favorable overall nutrient-to-price ratios than did many vegetables and fruit. Energy-dense grains, sweets, and fats provided most of the calories but fewer nutrients per dollar. Conclusion: One important application of nutrient profile models is to help consumers identify foods that provide optimal nutrition at an affordable cost. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91(suppl):1095S‐101S.
Strain localization on an oceanic detachment fault system, Atlantis Massif, 30°N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge

[1] Microstructural observations, mineral chemistry, and the spatial distribution of deformation fabrics recorded in outcrop samples collected from Atlantis Massif, the active inside corner high at 30°N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, suggest that strain is localized near the subhorizontal domal surface hypothesized to be an exposed detachment fault. Deformation textures in peridotite and gabbro indicate that high-temperature (>500°C) strain occurred via crystal-plastic flow and diffusive mass transfer. Low-temperature (<400°C) shear zones containing brittle and semibrittle microboudinage textures in which tremolite, chlorite, and/or talc replace fractured serpentine or hornblende cut earlier formed high-temperature deformation fabrics in peridotite. Textures indicate strain was localized by cataclasis and reaction softening into zones of intense greenschist and subgreenschist grade metamorphism. Gabbro is only weakly deformed below amphibolite facies (<500°C), indicating that strain was partitioned into altered peridotite at low temperature. There is a clear relationship between deformation intensity and structural depth beneath the subhorizontal surface of the Massif. Discontinuous high-intensity crystal-plastic deformation fabrics are found at all structural depths (0–520 m) beneath the surface, indicating that high-temperature, granulite- and amphibolite-grade deformation was not localized in a single shear zone. In contrast, semibrittle and brittle low-temperature shear zones are concentrated less than 90 m structurally beneath the surface, and the most intensely brittlely deformed samples concentrated in the upper 10 m. Localization of brittle deformation fabrics near the upper surface of the massif supports the hypothesis that it is the exposed footwall of a detachment fault. The structural evolution of Atlantis Massif is therefore analogous to a continental metamorphic core complex. Strain was localized onto the fault by reaction-softening and fluid-assisted fracturing during greenschist- and subgreenschist-grade hydrothermal alteration of olivine, clinopyroxene, serpentine, and hornblende to tremolite, chlorite, and/or talc.
Lipase-resistant poly(glycerol sebacate) via bulk physical entrapment of orlistat

Poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) has become one of the most promising new tissue engineering scaffold materials-of-construction. We hypothesized that the lipase inhibitor Orlistat might be suitable for inhibiting lipase-mediated PGS degradation. Here we investigated whether Orlistat can: (1) be physically transported into PGS using 70% (v/v) ethanol in water as a carrier, (2) be stably entrapped within the PGS bulk upon exchange of alcohol for water, and (3) inhibit PGS degradation by lipases. Control 5×5×0.25mm PGS scaffolds comprised of 50 µm struts and identical scaffolds loaded with Orlistat were challenged in vitro by a lipase solution (2000 U/ml). Scaffolds were incubated at 37°C for 1.5, 2, or 3 hours and then assessed by scanning electron microscopy. While evidence of control degradation was apparent after 1.5 h, little degradation was seen in the Orlistat-loaded scaffolds. By 3 hours, while Orlistat-loaded scaffolds began to exhibit modest degradation, controls had undergone rupture of structural elements. Of note, we observed that the path of lipase-mediated degradation was not homogeneous, but appeared to follow pre-existing imperfections in the PGS struts. Results will help guide the design of PGS scaffolds with controllable lipase-resistance.
Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy for adenocarcinoma of the rectum and rectosigmoid.

Abstract One hundred five patients treated with potentially curative surgery and adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy for adenocarcinoma of the rectum and rectosigmoid from 1973 through 1981 were reviewed. Radiation therapy was given with 18–25 MeV X rays in doses of 40–50 Gy in 5 weeks (midline dose) using AP-PA fields in 97 patients. A boost of 6 to 10 Gy was directed to the area of maximum risk by anterior-posterior or perineal fields in 71 patients. Local failure occurred in 15 patients and was documented pathologically in 8 patients, or clinically or radiologically in 7 patients. The local recurrences according to the Modified Astler-Coller staging criteria were: B 1 : 0% (03); B 2 : 4% (124); B 3 : 31% (413); C 1 : 8% (112); C 2 : 18% (845); C 3 : 20% (15). Local failure after adjuvant radiotherapy versus surgery alone was compared. The comparison of local failure of combined treatment versus surgery alone, from our institution, is as follows: B 2 –4% vs 13%, B 3 –31% vs 26%, C 2 –18% vs 30%, and C 3 –20% vs 49%. Sixty-one patients (58.1%) have been followed for 5 years, with a median of 73 months and a minimum of 24 months. The actuarial 5-year survival (disease-free) for the entire group is 55% and is not statistically different for the groups with negative or positive nodes. Fourteen patients (13%) required surgery for small bowel complications; four others (4%) had symptomatic small bowel obstruction treated with conservative therapy only. Small bowel obstruction occurred in 4 of 16 (25%) treated with radiation fields above L 5 , whereas those treated below L 5 had an 1% incidence. Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy can increase local tumor control compared to surgery alone. The small bowel complication rate in this series most likely reflects AP-PA treatment technique and can be decreased by the use of multiple fields with maximum shielding of the small intestine.
Effect of changes in postoperative spirometry on survival after lung transplantation.

Objective The decline in normalized forced 1-second expiratory volume after lung transplantation is inevitable; however, the effect of this change on survival is unknown. Additionally, the benefit of double versus single lung transplant is debated, particularly because pulmonary function is only slightly better after double lung transplant. Our goal was to determine the effect of the temporal pattern of post-transplant forced 1-second expiratory volume (percentage of predicted) on the risk of death after transplant and the differences in the sensitivity of single and double lung transplant to this relationship. Methods From February 1990 to January 2008, 622 adults underwent lung transplantation, of whom 315 (51%) received 2 lungs. Of the 509 patients (82%) with available data, 9471 longitudinal evaluations of forced 1-second expiratory volume (percentage of predicted) were analyzed. The temporal pattern was characterized for each patient, and the resulting curve was evaluated as a time-varying covariable function in the survival analysis. Differences in sensitivity of single and double lung transplant were assessed by interaction. Results Forced 1-second expiratory volume (percentage of predicted) increased from 50% immediately postoperatively to 55% at 1 year after single lung transplant and then gradually declined to 47% by 3 years. Although the pattern was similar after double lung transplant, the corresponding forced 1-second expiratory volume (percentage of predicted) at these points was greater—60%, 75%, and 65%. Lower post-transplant forced 1-second expiratory volume (percentage of predicted) was associated with a substantially increased risk of death after single lung transplant ( P P Conclusions The results of our study have demonstrated the effect of changing lung function after lung transplantation on survival. Survival after single lung transplant proved more sensitive to declining pulmonary function, demonstrating an advantage of the increased pulmonary reserve provided by double lung transplant.
Synaptic signaling between GABAergic interneurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the hippocampus

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) express receptors for many neurotransmitters, but the mechanisms responsible for their activation are poorly understood. We have found that quantal release of GABA from interneurons elicits GABA(A) receptor currents with rapid rise times in hippocampal OPCs. These currents did not exhibit properties of spillover transmission or release by transporters, and immunofluorescence and electron microscopy suggest that interneuronal terminals are in direct contact with OPCs, indicating that these GABA currents are generated at direct interneuron-OPC synapses. The reversal potential of OPC GABA(A) currents was -43 mV, and interneuronal firing was correlated with transient depolarizations induced by GABA(A) receptors; however, GABA application induced a transient inhibition of currents mediated by AMPA receptors in OPCs. These results indicate that OPCs are a direct target of interneuronal collaterals and that the GABA-induced Cl(-) flux generated by these events may influence oligodendrocyte development by regulating the efficacy of glutamatergic signaling in OPCs.
Bacterial induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase in cultured human intestinal epithelial cells

Abstract Background & Aims: Enterocytes play a major role in the mucosa as a source of proinflammatory cytokines and cytotoxins. We tested the hypothesis that bacteria induce expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in cultured human enterocytes. Methods: DLD-1 and Caco-2BBe cell monolayers exposed to Salmonella dublin were analyzed for iNOS up-regulation and nitric oxide production (NO x ) in the presence of various proinflammatory cytokines. Results: S. dublin augmented NO x in interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-primed cells but had no independent effect on iNOS expression. S. dublin –induced NO x was not mediated by endotoxin and was augmented by an enteroinvasive phenotype. In DLD-1 cells, S. dublin –mediated NO x was blocked by inhibitors of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and tyrosine kinase activation and was steroid resistant. Cis -acting elements in the human iNOS promoter responsive to endotoxin and S. dublin stimulation of IFN-γ–treated DLD-1 cells were identified between 10.9 and 8.7 kilobases upstream of the transcription initiation site. Conclusions: S. dublin alters the regulation of iNOS messenger RNA in IFN-γ–treated intestinal epithelial cells via a steroid-resistant pathway involving NF-κB and tyrosine kinase activity. Because bacterial interaction with cytokine-primed epithelial cells induces the synthesis of NO, an endogenous antimicrobial agent, these findings may have implications for the regulation of mucosal immunity. GASTROENTEROLOGY 1998;114:93-102
The applicability of hns and fimA primers for detecting Salmonella in bioaerosols associated with animal and municipal wastes

The ability to rapidly screen environmental samples for specific pathogens such as Salmonella spp., is of particular importance in molecular epidemiology. Although gene amplification reactions allow the rapid detection of microorganisms, the use of appropriate oligonucleotide primers targeted against specific microbial genes is critical for accurate detection specificity and sensitivity. Primers such as fimA and hns have been previously shown to be specific for pure cultures of Salmonella. However, the analysis of environmental samples requires post-amplification hybridizations to detect amplicons, since the presence of inhibitory environmental components reduces amplification efficiency of the target organism. These sensitive post-amplification approaches also enable the detection of spurious amplification from non-target sequences. Bioaerosols associated with animal facilities and municipal wastes contain a diverse array of pathogens including Clostridium spp. In our studies, hybridization sensor data revealed spurious amplification of clostridial species with Salmonella hns primers. Specificity checks using type cultures of Clostridium spp. revealed non-specific amplification by hns primers. These results suggest that fimA primers may be better suited to screen Salmonella-specific sequences in environmental samples, especially those obtained from animal and municipal waste facilities.
Mediated Substance Cues: Motivational Reactivity and Use Influence Responses to Pictures of Alcohol

This study examined how emotional and physiological responses to pictures of alcoholic or nonalcoholic beverages vary as a function of motivational type and alcohol use. The authors used the limited capacity model of motivated mediated message processing to guide predictions and the motivational activation measure to measure the reactivity of participants’ appetitive and aversive motivational systems. Participants viewed and rated 9 pictures of alcoholic beverages and 9 pictures of nonalcoholic beverages. Facial electromyography data were collected during viewing. Overall results show that heavy users respond both more positively and more negatively to pictures of alcoholic beverages than to pictures of nonalcoholic beverages, whereas light users respond more positively overall and more positively to pictures of alcoholic beverages than to pictures of nonalcohol beverages. In addition, heavy use predictably reverses the response predicted by motivational type.
Due Process, Neutrality, and Booze

For most of our nation’s history, the police power was limited by a neutrality principle that prohibited the commandeering of public law for private interests. Today, the judiciary’s abdication of its role as sentinel of liberty, good governance, and the public interest has allowed special interests to exercise raw political power for their own benefit and to the detriment of their competitors, counterparts, and everyone else. The Supreme Court’s failed experiment in interest-group pluralism merits return to a conception of law, due process, and neutrality that was once central to our constitutional design. Using one state’s assymetrical restrictions on the sale of liquor as an example, this Note demonstrates how courts armed with a robust neutrality principle would guard against legislative corruption, promote good governance and the public interest, and preserve liberty.
Abstract WP75: Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Addition to Post-Operative Heparin and Dextran Reduces Clinically Symptomatic Thromboembolic Events During Elective Aneurysm Coiling

BACKGROUND: Thromboembolism is a feared complication of coiling a cerebral aneurysm. The purpose of this study was to compare the thromboembolic events between cerebral aneurysms coiled with an ant...
The Uses of Molecular Biology in Hematopathology: Oncogenes as Diagnostic Markers in Non-Hodgkin’s Malignant Lymphoma

The most frequent nonrandom chromosomal translocations in non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas interrupt the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) locus at 14q.32. 1 It had long been suspected that potential oncogenes at the breakpoint region may become deregulated and contribute to neoplastic transformation. Three common oncogenes important in the genesis of human lymphoma were fiscovered: BCL-1, 2 BCL-2, 3 and c-myc. 4
Factors Associated with Urban Adjustment of Rural Southern Migrants

the receiving group toward immigrants. In Canadian communities, for example, immigrants are welcomed, yet simultaneously perceived as threats. It may be, that favorable attitudes are expressed or positive action is directed toward immigrants because of their usefulness in helping the group achieve its goals, e.g., exploiting natural resources or creating higher consumer demand; while, on the other hand, there will be unfavorable attitudes or negative action because immigrants threaten the status system, or represent status competition, or introduce threats to solidarity because they possess different values. It remains, of course, for research49 to demonstrate if the explanation of the various expressions of ambivalence lies in the differential significance of the immigrant to the functional problem pressures of the system.0 Finally, the generality of the approach provides a perspective on the relation between new members and a receiving group which is applicable to a variety of empirical problems. It should allow sociological analysis of the response of families to natural increase, the relations between old and new workers, the characteristic treatment of recruits in the services, and any other relationship which involves new and old members. Research, formulated in terms of the interaction significance of new members to the equilibrium pressures of social systems and undertaken in a variety of empirical contexts, may yield dependable generalizations concerning the relations of new and old members.
Design and characterization of dielectric subwavelength focusing lens with polarization dependence

We introduce and develop design, fabrication and characterization methodology for engineering the effective refractive index of a composite dielectric planar surface created by controlling the density of deeply subwavelength low index nanoholes (e.g., air) in a high index dielectric layer (e.g., Si). The nanoscale properties of a composite dielectric layer allows for full control of the optical wavefront phase by designing arbitrary space-variant refractive index profiles. We present the composite dielectric metasurface microlens exploiting symmetric design to achieve polarization invariant impulse response, and use asymmetric design to demonstrate polarization sensitive impulse response of the lens. This composite dielectric layers lenses were fabricated by patterning nanohole distributions on a dielectric surface and etching to submicron depths. Our dielectric microlens with asymmetric distribution of n eff (n eff x ≠ n eff y ) demonstrates a graded index lens with polarization dependent focusing with of 32um and 22 um for linearly x- and y-polarized light, respectively operating at a wavelength of λ = 1550nm. We also show numerically and demonstrate experimentally achromatic performance of the devices operating in the wavelength range of 1500nm - 1900nm with FWHM of the focal spots of about 4um. Namely, we have constructed a graded index lens that can overcome diffraction effects even when aperture/wavelength (D/λ) is smaller than 40. The demonstrated novel approach to engineer dielectric composite nanosurfaces has the potential to realize arbitrary phase functions with minimal insertion loss, submicron thickness and miniaturization to reduce element size and weight, and may have a significant impact on numerous miniature imaging systems applications.
Epimerization of green tea catechins during brewing does not affect the ability to poison human type II topoisomerases

(−)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant and biologically active polyphenol in green tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves, and many of its cellular effects are consistent with its actions as a topoisomerase II poison. In contrast to genistein and several related bioflavonoids that act as interfacial poisons, EGCG was the first bioflavonoid shown to act as a covalent topoisomerase II poison. Although studies routinely examine the effects of dietary phytochemicals on enzyme and cellular systems, they often fail to consider that many compounds are altered during cooking or cellular metabolism. To this point, the majority of EGCG and related catechins in green tea leaves are epimerized during the brewing process. Epimerization inverts the stereochemistry of the bond that bridges the B- and C-rings and converts EGCG to (−)-gallocatechin gallate (GCG). Consequently, a significant proportion of EGCG that is ingested during the consumption of green tea is actually GCG. Therefore, the effects of GCG and ...
General System(s) Theory: The Promise That Could Not Be Kept

General System(s) Theory (GST) has failed to deliver because of its own basic assumptions. Hierarchy compels us to impersonalize all social interaction, thus making it impossible to realize ourselv...
Laparoscopic removal of a large ovarian mass utilizing planned trocar puncture.

Background: Large cystic ovarian masses pose technical challenges to the laparoscopic surgeon. Removing large, potentially malignant specimens must be done with care to avoid the leakage of cyst fluid into the abdominal cavity. Case: We present the case of a large ovarian cystic mass treated laparoscopically with intentional trocar puncture of the mass to drain and remove the mass. Discussion: Large cystic ovarian masses can be removed laparoscopically with intentional trocar puncture of the mass to facilitate removal without leakage of cyst fluid.
The Erotically Reconceived Familiar Stranger: Reply to Ringstrom and Slavin

By viewing attachment theory in terms of its implicit semiotics of desire, we discover an avenue for reconciliation between attachment theory and contemporary psychoanalysis. My discussants, Ringstrom and Slavin, both affirm this quest, joining in articulating a dialectical conception of how attachment and desire, relationship and drive, mutually constitute each other. Ringstrom elaborates my thesis particularly in relation to his own signature theorizing on couples’ treatment and calls attention to the conundrum of insistent demand and the “Pandora’s Box” of mutuality of desire. Slavin contextualizes my call within a larger existential framework, linking exploratory probings to mortal terrors. Both discussants highlight how high the stakes are in any genuine encounter between the known and the still unknown. Yet, by encompassing the erotics of the Oedipal triangle and its dialectics of the familiar-stranger, a more robust conception of attachment security emerges situated in a third space between drive a...
Teraflops prototype processor with 80 cores

This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation on Intel's Teraflop processor family of products. Some of the specific topics discussed include: system architecture; processing engine facilities; interconnection capabilities; power management operations; application mapping; and the output results of various experiments that deploy Teraflops processors.
Joseph Priestley House

On a hillside in Northumberland, a white Federal-style mansion with symmetrical wings perches a quarter mile above the Susquehanna River. Crowned with a diamond-patterned balustrade on its slate roof, the house boasts a commanding view of the river’s north branch. Before the canal and the railroad cut across the expansive lawn, travelers arriving at the riverfront reached the house by following a semicircular carriage drive that echoed the arched fanlight above the pedimented entrance. Sparsely ornamented with a frieze board of triglyphs and a Palladian window centered on the second story of the facade fronting the street, the five-bay residence was the eighteenth-century American version of an English gentleman’s country house. In this case, the English gentleman was the famous—some would say notorious—Joseph Priestley: pioneering chemist, political philosopher, and dissenting theologian.
511. Engineered Donor Marrow Macrophages Phagocytose Cancer Cells and Aggressively Shrink Solid Tumor Xenografts Compared to Tumor Associated Macrophages

Cell-based immunotherapies such as those based on engineered T-cells appear safe and often effective against liquid tumors. In solid tumors, macrophages are typically abundant, but the density of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) correlates with poor clinical outcomes as they promote tumor growth, immunosuppression, and are nonphagocytic. In our studies, less differentiated donor marrow phagocytes are engineered to target tumors and selectively phagocytose cancer cells. Xenograft tumors were made on the flanks of NSG mice using a tdTomato human lung carcinoma cell line (A549). Systemic injections of anti-human IgG (anti-hum) with large tumors (~70 mm2) showed no effect on tumor growth. However, systemic injection of bone marrow from donor NSG mice together with biweekly anti-hum treatments effectively stopped growth of the solid tumors. Replacing anti-hum with a non-specific antibody had no effect on tumor growth. Based on tdTomato signal intensity within macrophages isolated from tumors, 10-fold more donor macrophages are phagocytic compared to resident TAMs (2-3% are phagocytic). Since cancer cells express on their surface ‘self’ markers that limit the phagocytosis of these cells, we inhibited the ‘self’ receptors on the injected donor phagocytes prior to systemic injection of the donor marrow. This combination of ‘self’-receptor inhibition with anti-hum causes a rapid decrease in tumor burden, shrinking tumors by ~40% in just 10 days compared to a similar growth of untreated tumors in the same time period. The anti-hum injection was again necessary as injection of a non-specific antibody failed to affect tumor growth. Tumor analysis showed that >85% of macrophages that were ‘self’-receptor inhibited had phagocytosed the tdTomato A549 cells, which is ~30-fold greater than resident macrophages. Importantly, these cell therapy treatments appear safe with no significant decreases in hematocrit or platelets, which is unlike the anemia that has been reported upon systemic injection of ‘self’ inhibitors. Our results thus suggest that therapies based on engineered macrophages can be safe and effective against solid tumors if three requirements are met: a phagocytic phenotype, target opsonization, and inhibition of ‘self’ signaling.
Are large thyroid nodules classified as benign on fine needle aspiration more likely to harbor cancer

Abstract Introduction Our aim was to investigate whether benign thyroid nodules ≥ 4 cm have a higher malignancy rate. Methods A retrospective review of patients with a nodule and a benign FNAB who underwent thyroidectomy was completed. Patients were divided into two groups; nodule size: Results 337 patients underwent thyroidectomy: 99 had nodules 0.05). Conclusion There is no difference in rates of malignancy for nodules
Evaluation of Full Reynolds Stress Turbulence Models in FUN3D

Full seven-equation Reynolds stress turbulence models are promising tools for today’s aerospace technology challenges. This paper examines two such models for computing challenging turbulent flows including shock-wave boundary layer interactions, separation and mixing layers. The Wilcox and the SSG/LRR full second-moment Reynolds stress models have been implemented into the FUN3D (Fully Unstructured Navier-Stokes Three Dimensional) unstructured Navier-Stokes code and were evaluated for four problems: a transonic two-dimensional diffuser, a supersonic axisymmetric compression corner, a compressible planar shear layer, and a subsonic axisymmetric jet. Simulation results are compared with experimental data and results computed using the more commonly used Spalart-Allmaras (SA) one-equation and the Menter Shear Stress Transport (SST-V) two-equation turbulence models.
The American Journal of Pathology Centennial Project: the centennial celebration is over, but the science moves forward.

Abstract This article closes out the AJP Centennial Project, which highlighted the contributions of The American Journal of Pathology in the 100 years since formation of the American Society for Investigative Pathology.
Funding Infrastructure and Local Economic Development: A Public Bank Option

D+ is not a Grade Point Average to be proud of. Yet that is the current assessment of America’s infrastructure by the American Society of Civil Engineers. One grassroots effort offers an innovative strategy for reversing the dearth of funds for infrastructure projects and local economic development: the public banking movement. The Bank of North Dakota, the sole public bank in the USA established in 1919, serves as a model for the newly revived movement. No state has progressed further than Vermont. In 2014, Vermont took a stride toward a state-owned bank by authorizing a new Local Investment Advisory Committee to help steer a public lending program through a pre-existing economic development authority. Funds are supporting new housing units, green energy investments, and the child care industry.
Mucosal Adjuvants: New Developments and Challenges

Abstract The development of new vaccines or the improvement of existing ones is intricately related to the existence of effective and safe adjuvants for enhancing immune responses to specific diseases. This is particularly true for nonreplicating or subunit vaccines delivered via mucosal routes. Considering that the overwhelming majority of human pathogens initiate infection by first interacting with a mucosal surface, a reasonable strategy for vaccine delivery is to directly target mucosal tissues. Contrary to this corollary, however, the majority of the vaccines available today are delivered by parenteral injection, with only a few notable examples given mucosally. The reason behind this paradox is that subunit or inactivated vaccines delivered mucosally do not induce strong immune responses unless delivered in combination with an effective mucosal adjuvant. Today, the most significant obstacle to developing mucosal vaccines is the lack of approved adjuvants that can effectively and safely enhance relevant mucosal and—when needed—systemic immune responses. In this chapter we present a review of the most promising mucosal adjuvants and discuss the newest advances in our understanding of molecular mechanisms of adjuvanticity and strategies to effectively bridge innate and adaptive immune responses in mucosal compartments.
Chapter 7 Circadian rhythm generation, expression and entrainment in a molluscan model system

The Bulla ocular pacemaker provides remarkable opportunities for cellular study of circadian pacemaker systems. The demonstration of circadian oscillations within individual neurons maintained in culture provides us with a first occasion to study the biophysical and biochemical properties of bona fide neuronal circadian pacemakers. The ocular clock is robust and shares formal similarity with other circadian systems. The development of molecular techniques that can be applied to single neurons should allow research on the Bulla retina to continue to progress towards a molecular analysis of circadian timekeeping.
Effects of Race and Victim Drinking on Domestic Violence Attributions

This research examines the mutual influence of race and victim drinking on college students' domestic violence attributions. Participants were 200, predominately White, middle-class college students. They read a vignette depicting a domestic violence incident. Manipulated within the vignette were batterer race, victim race, and victim drinking. After reading the vignette, participants completed a questionnaire concerning their perceptions of the domestic assault. Results indicate batterers in interracial relationships are attributed more guilt than batterers in same-race relationships. In addition, when domestic violence victims drink alcoholic beverages before a domestic assault, more responsibility for the assault is attributed to Black victims than to their White counterparts. Furthermore, domestic violence victims who drink alcohol are ascribed more blame and derogation in comparison to abstinent domestic violence victims. We examine these findings in relation to stereotypes and gender-role violations. Implications for actors involved in domestic violence are also discussed.
Bayesian Inference for Common Aleatory Models

This chapter considers aleatory models that are used frequently in probabilistic modeling situations typical of PRA. These three most commonly used aleatory models are the binomial, Poisson, and exponential distributions. For each of these three distributions, we demonstrate the Bayesian inference process for three general categories of prior distribution: conjugate, noninformative, and nonconjugate prior distributions. Lastly, we describe how prior distributions may be specified, including some cautions for developing an informative prior, and we introduce the concept of a Bayesian p-value for checking the predictions of the model against the observed data.
Microwave Power Absorption Evaluation of Micro-Particles Cuo Filler Reinforced Epoxy Composites

Epoxy resin is of the most used materials in the field of insulating purposes such as in high voltage applications. In order to create an enhanced material with new properties, epoxy resin can be processed by using different fillers. In this paper, microwave power absorption evaluation of Micro-particles CuO filler reinforced epoxy composites is investigated. CuO metal oxide loadings were taken in four different percentages as (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) of the full sample size. Samples were casted in a square shape of (10 cm) side length along with four different thicknesses stated as 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, and 4mm for each loading value. Within an x-band frequency range of 8-10 GHz, the objectives of this paper were examined to determine the amount of microwave power absorption when each loading value is tested with its four different thickness values taken in consideration. The epoxy resin samples were prepared and tests were done to measure the microwave power absorption for each sample in the x-band frequency range. Generally, it has been found that the microwave power absorption is proportional to the thickness value whether it was a pure epoxy composite or a reinforced composite. Moreover, the test results revealed that the case of the (5%) CuO metal oxide filler is significantly related to the maximum power absorption when compared to other loading percentages. The obtained results provided information about the influence of the CuO filler on the insulating property of the non-filled epoxy specimens. Therefore, this composite could be regarded for applications where absorbing microwave energy is of importance and utmost necessity
Authors’ reply to Skovenborg and Manfredini and colleagues

We appreciate the thoughtful comments from Skovenborg and Manfredini and colleagues on our study about shift work, unhealthy lifestyle, and type 2 diabetes.11011 We did not include alcohol intake as a lifestyle factor, but we adjusted for categories of alcohol intake in our multivariable models. The inverse associations between alcohol consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes …
Male DCIS diagnosed after use of over-the-counter hormonal supplement.

Abstract Introduction Male breast cancer is a rare disease. Although epidemiologic and genetic factors are associated with male breast cancer, hormonal factors may also play a role. Case presentation We report the case of a 39-year-old BRCA negative male patient taking a sexual performance enhancement supplement who presented with worsening asymmetric gynecomastia and unilateral spontaneous bloody nipple discharge and was found to have ductal carcinoma in-situ. Discussion The altered cellular environment related to the hormone contents of the supplement coincided with the rapid worsening of his gynecomastia and may have played a role in the development of the ductal carcinoma in-situ, or growth of an existing focus. Conclusion The use of hormonal male enhancement supplements can lead to higher levels of androgens in users. It is possible for this altered hormonal environment to cause the growth of tumor or promote the progression of an existing focus.
Angiogenic growth factors in neural embryogenesis and neoplasia.

"Blood vessels have the power to increase within themselves which is according to the necessity whether natural or diseased. As a further proof that this is a general principle, we find that all growing parts are much more vascular than those that are come to their full growth; because growth is an operation beyond the simple support of the part. This is the reason why young animals are more vascular than those that are full grown. This is not peculiar to the natural operation of growth, but applies also to disease and restoration."