cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Arabidopsis SUPPRESSOR OF AUXIN RESISTANCE Proteins Are Nucleoporins with an Important Role in Hormone Signaling and Development

Molecular characterizationofthese genes reveals thattheyencodeproteins withsimilaritytovertebratenucleoporins, subunits of the NPC. Furthermore, a SAR3‐green fluorescent protein fusion protein localizes to the nuclear membrane, indicating that SAR1 and SAR3 are Arabidopsis thaliana nucleoporins. Plants deficient in either protein exhibit pleiotropic growth defects that are further accentuated in sar1 sar3 double mutants. Both sar1 and sar3 mutations affect the localization of the transcriptional repressor AXR3/INDOLE ACETIC ACID17, providing a likely explanation for suppression of the phenotype conferred by axr1 .I n addition, sar1 sar3 plants accumulate polyadenylated RNA within the nucleus, indicating that SAR1 and SAR3 are required for mRNA export. Our results demonstrate the important role of the plant NPC in hormone signaling and development.
Development of a Genetic System for Combinatorial Biosynthesis of Lipopeptides in Streptomyces fradiae and Heterologous Expression of the A54145 Biosynthesis Gene Cluster

A54145 factors are calcium-dependent lipopeptide antibiotics produced by Streptomyces fradiae NRRL 18160. A54145 is structurally related to the clinically important daptomycin, and as such may be a useful scaffold for the development of a novel lipopeptide antibiotic. We developed methods to genetically manipulate S. fradiae by deletion mutagenesis and conjugal transfer of plasmids from Escherichia coli. Cloning the complete pathway on a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) vector and the construction of ectopic trans-complementation with plasmids utilizing the φC31 or φBT1 site-specific integration system allowed manipulation of A54145 biosynthesis. The BAC clone pDA2002 was shown to harbor the complete A54145 biosynthesis gene cluster by heterologous expression in Streptomyces ambofaciens and Streptomyces roseosporus strains in yields of >100 mg/liter. S. fradiae mutants defective in LptI methyltransferase function were constructed, and they produced only A54145 factors containing glutamic acid (Glu₁₂), at the expense of factors containing 3-methyl-glutamic acid (3mGlu₁₂). This provided a practical route to produce high levels of pure Glu₁₂-containing lipopeptides. A suite of mutant strains and plasmids was created for combinatorial biosynthesis efforts focused on modifying the A54145 peptide backbone to generate a compound with daptomycin antibacterial activity and activity in Streptococcus pneumoniae pulmonary infections.
SPECIFIC IMMUNOPRECIPITATION OF MOUSE THYROTROPINS IN PLASMA AND THYROTROPIC TUMOR EXTRACTS.

SummaryAn antiserum prepared against purified murine thyrotropin precipitated specifically sera of thyrotropic tumor-bearing mice and extracts of thyrotropic tumors. The titer of precipitation reaction paralleled the bioassay titers for TtH. The test can detect TtH in 0.002 ml of serum of TtT mice but not in 0.2 ml of normal sera. In immunoelectrophoresis, a single TtH line was obtained in the globulin region, yet to be precisely localized. Slight or no group reactions were obtained among rat, beef, and mouse TtH preparations.The receipt of purified murine TtH from Dr. Robert W. Bates and P. G. Condliffe are gratefully acknowledged.
A motion sequence fusion technique based on PCA for activity analysis in body sensor networks

Human movement analysis by means of mobile sensory platforms is an ever-growing area with promise to revolutionize delivery of healthcare services. An effective data fusion technique is essential for understanding the inertial information obtained from distributed sensor nodes. In this paper, we develop a data fusion model based on the concept of principal component analysis. Unlike traditional fusion techniques which deal with statistical feature space, our model operates on motion transcripts, where each movement is represented as a sequence of basic building blocks called primitives. We describe how our model transforms transcripts of different nodes into a unified transcript by integrating the most relevant primitives of movements. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of our transcript fusion model for action recognition using real data collected from three subjects.
Differential tissue-specific expression of human apoA-I and apoA-II

To evaluate the sources of high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles containing only apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the synthesis of apoA-I and apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II) was examined in human liver and small intestine as well as the human intestinally derived cell line, Caco-2. Human liver contained apoA-I, apoA-II as well as apolipoprotein B (apoB) mRNA. In contrast, human adult small intestine total and polyA+ RNA had little or no apoA-II despite the presence of apoA-I and apoB. Intestinal biopsies from normal individuals failed to show de novo apoA-II protein synthesis in the media of organ cultures during [35S]methionine pulse-chase labeling, whereas apoA-I could be readily detected. Caco-2 cells contained apoA-II mRNA and secreted apoA-II protein into the tissue culture media. These data indicate that the primary site of human apoA-II synthesis is in the liver and that the small intestine secretes apoA-I-containing high density lipoproteins.
Students’ Classroom Communication Effectiveness

Instructional communication research has frequently examined effective teacher communication, but has ignored effective student communication. This study draws on the transactional model of communication to hypothesize that students who are effective communicators will be more successful in the classroom. Participants reported their level of interaction involvement, socio-communicative orientation, and out-of-class communication in regard to a specific class. Additionally, participants reported recently received grades, their level of state motivation to study, affective learning, performance of learning indicators, and satisfaction with instructor communication. Overall, students’ communication effectiveness was positively associated with positive learning outcomes.
The Occurrence of Mast Cell Tumors in Young Shar-Peis

During 1991 and 1992, 802 case submissions diagnosed as canine mast cell tumors were submitted to the Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory. Eighteen of these submissions were from dogs of the Shar-Pei breed. Of these 18 cases, 5 occurred in Shar-Peis less than 2 years of age, 4 of these were poorly differentiated, and 4 out of 5 occurred in the inguinal or preputial area. Three mast cell tumors (grade I) occurred in Boxer/Boxer cross dogs, and 2 tumors (grade II) occurred in Cocker Spaniels younger than 2 years of age. Of the 23,315 histopathology submissions, only 164 were from Shar-Peis and 57 of these dogs were under 2 years of age.
The 1996 Mount Everest tragedy: contemplation on group process and group dynamics.

Abstract In May l996, one of the most tragic Mt. Everest climbing seasons was about to unfold, and five climbers would perish in the “Death Zone” miles above the earth's surface. This article considers the events from a group dynamic and group process perspective in an attempt to understand what might have been happening to the group members. We summarize the events through the writings of two chroniclers. We then discuss creating the group, leadership, diversity and subgrouping, scapegoating, and multiple interpretations through an interpersonalist/psychodynamic framework.
Police Reporting Practices for Sexual Assault Cases in Which “The Victim Does Not Wish to Pursue Charges”:

Prior research examining sexual assault case attrition has focused on the processing of cases across the justice system. Studies have examined arrest decision making and prosecutorial decision making in an attempt to better understand where and when cases drop out of the system. Less explored are police reporting practices during the initial stage of processing for cases in which the officer stated that the victim chose to drop her case. We addressed this gap in the literature by reviewing law enforcement incident reports at their onset, specifically; we examine reports of cases in which the officer reported the victim chose to drop the case. Results indicated that of the 125 cases of sexual assault reported to the police, 41 reports (32.8%) stated that the victim decided to no longer pursue charges. However, few police reports (30.2%) provided a clear rationale for why the victim decided to no longer pursue charges. Results of this study call for more standardized police reporting practices and point to the need for future research into the initial stage of law enforcement involvement in adult sexual assault cases.
Putting Partnerships on Paper: Creating Service Engagement Opportunities in Kinesiology and Recreation

The purpose of this article is to describe a model for creating a successful service engagement partnership with a community organization that may lead to the development of a short- or long-term service engagement project or course. The article explains how to create a successful partnership, including how to identify and choose the right community partner, the importance and development of a memorandum of understanding, and procedures for evaluating the partnership. Examples of two successful partnerships with two different structures, at two different universities, with one organization (Special Olympics) will be used. One partnership has produced a service-learning course for a sport management program that includes service-engagement opportunities for physical education, health, and exercise science students, while the other partnership has resulted in a three-tiered service-engagement project that involves interns, two community recreation and nonprofit leadership classes, and a co-curricular regist...
Evidence that the depletion and release phases of prolactin secretion in the lactating rat have different activation thresholds in response to exteroceptive stimulation from rat pups.

Lactating rats with indwelling intraatrial catheters were exposed for 30 min to the exteroceptive stimuli (ECS) from their pups, which were placed in open-top containers under the mothers' cages. The wire mesh construction of the cages allowed each mother to see, smell, and hear her pups, but she could not make physical contact with them. The litters (six pups each) were removed from the mothers' cages 5–6 h beforehand; all experiments were done on days 14–16 of lactation. Exposure of the mother to the ECS from two of her six pups did not release PRL into the circulation during any part of the 30-min exposure period. Since releasable (into the circulation) PRL derives or is transformed from depleted PRL, it was not unexpected that the pituitary stores of PRL also were unaffected by this stimulus. Increasing the stimulus strength by exposing the mother to her entire litter of six pups for 30 min, however, caused both PRL depletion and a rapid and sustained elevation in the plasma PRL concentration comparab...
Runtime automatic speculative parallelization

We present Runtime Automatic Speculative Parallelization (RASP), a technique for the dynamic extraction of speculative threads from a running application in a user-transparent fashion. By leveraging the idle cores in a CMP to analyze, optimize, and participate in the execution of a running sequential program, RASP enables a collection of simpler cores to achieve sequential performance on par with a significantly more complex core. In contrast to other systems for automatic speculative parallelization, RASP uses dynamic binary translation to optimize applications on-the-fly, without any need for recompilation or source code. RASP achieves these speedups without relying on special-purpose hardware support; RASP's dynamic profiling uses a clever variation on conventional performance monitoring, while RASP's speculative execution relies on the same simple hardware support for speculation that has been proposed for simplifying parallel programming. On a simulated cluster of four in-order cores, RASP accelerates SPEC2006 integer benchmarks by an average of 49%, with promising results for scientific and multimedia workloads as well.
Clinical Profile of Acute Rheumatic Fever in Children

This paper studies those elements in the organization and practice of maternal-child health (MCH) services in the district of Solenzo Burkina faso which encourage or discourage mothers to use them thus increasing or decreasing their acceptability. Surveys administered to mothers attending the clinics revealed that 44% of mother at the under 5s clinic (UFC) and 29% of mothers at the antenatal clinic (ANC) perceived that using the clinic was difficult. 3 types of problems were identified: 1) wasting mothers time through inappropriate opening hours long waiting time in contrast to short contact time resulting in work and child care reportedly left undone at home in 63% of the cases at UFC 46% at curative clinic (CC) and 39% at ANC; 2) organizational features i.e. fragmentation of clinics offering single MCH components at different times which may have served as a deterrent to future clinic utilization; and 3) staff behavior. Only 17% of women attending ANC reported being received/treated well by the staff compared with 74% at CC and only a minority of mothers were given any kind of health advice (5.7% at UFC 5.4% at ANC and 4.3% at CC). In order to improve the provision of MCH services changes must be made in the organization of services and staffing. Long waiting times fragmentation of services and multiple referrals from 1 clinic to another should be eliminated. To implement these changes changes in the attitude and behavior of the health staff are necessary. Flexible multipurpose workers must be upgraded financially and careerwise. Furthermore different job descriptions and training curricula for health personnel will ensure a more motivated and qualified staff. (authors modified)
Precise and rapid interaction through scaled manipulation in immersive virtual environments

A significant benefit of an immersive virtual environment is that it provides users the ability to interact with objects in a very natural, direct way; often realized by using a tracked, hand-held wand or stylus to "grab" and position objects. In the absence of force feedback or props, it is difficult and frustrating for users to move their arms, hands, or fingers to precise positions in 3D space, and more difficult to hold them at a constant position, or to move them in a uniform direction over time. The imprecision of user interaction in virtual environments is a fundamental problem that limits the complexity of the environment the user can interact with directly. We present PRISM (precise and rapid interaction through scaled manipulation), a novel interaction technique which acts on the user's behavior in the environment to determine whether they have precise or imprecise goals in mind. When precision is desired, PRISM dynamically adjusts the "control/ display" ratio which determines the relationship between physical hand movements and the motion of the controlled virtual object, making it less sensitive to the user's hand movement. In contrast to techniques like Go-Go, which scale up hand movement to allow "long distance" manipulation; PRISM scales the hand movement down to increase precision. We present the results of a user study which shows that PRISM significantly out-performs the more traditional direct manipulation approach.
Elevated liver enzyme levels in opioid-dependent patients with hepatitis treated with buprenorphine.

The purpose of this study was to assess changes in liver enzyme levels among opioid-dependent patients treated with buprenorphine. Liver enzyme levels were evaluated among 120 individuals before treatment and following a minimum of 40 days of buprenorphine treatment (2, 4, or 8 mg/70 kg/day). Among patients with a history of hepatitis, AST and ALT levels significantly increased (p < .05) with buprenorphine treatment. The odds of observing an increase in AST were determined to be dependent upon buprenorphine dose (p < .05; odds ratio = 1.23 per 1 mg increase in dose). These results suggest that liver enzyme levels should be monitored carefully when patients with hepatitis are treated with buprenorphine.
Asymmetry of an Equilibrated Gulf Stream–Type Jet over Topographic Slope

Abstract The symmetry properties of the Gulf Stream–type jet equilibrated over topographic slope are investigated in a series of idealized numerical experiments. A baroclinically unstable zonal jet equilibrates over a sloping bottom through the process of potential vorticity (PV) homogenization underneath the main thermocline by the bottom-intensified eddy activity associated with the stream meandering. Potential vorticity homogenization underneath the main thermocline leads to formation of recirculation gyres on both sides of the jet. The magnitude of the northern recirculation gyre, as measured by its westward transport, is larger than the magnitude of the southern recirculation gyre. This asymmetry in recirculations is shown to be the result of an asymmetric PV mixing underneath the thermocline produced by an asymmetric jet. In particular, the lateral shift of the velocity maximum near the surface relative to the velocity maximum at depth is shown to be responsible for the asymmetry. The results are re...
Road network extraction by a higher-order CRF model built on centerline cliques

The goal of this work is to recover road networks from aerial images. This problem is extremely challenging because roads not only exhibit a highly varying appearance but also are usually occluded by nearby objects. Most importantly, roads are complex structures as they form connected networks of segments with slowly changing width and curvature. As an effective tool for their extraction, we propose to resort to a Conditional Random Field (CRF) model. Our contribution consists in representing the prior on the complex structure of the roads by higher-order potentials defined over centerline cliques. Robust PN-Potts potentials are defined over such relevant cliques as well as over background cliques to integrate long-range constraints within the objective model energy. The optimal solution is derived thanks to graph-cuts tools. We demonstrate promising results and make qualitative and quantitative comparisons to the state of the art methods on the Vaihingen database.
School-Related Violence: Definition, Scope, and Prevention Goals

The purpose of this book is to provide a compendium of papers addressing school violence and the critical ingredients in prevention interventions that contribute to reducing and/or eliminating various forms of violence in the school setting. The Center for the Prevention of School Violence developed a research-based definition of “school violence” in 1997. The definition, which emerged from a detailed microanalysis, suggests that school violence is any behavior that violates a school’s educational mission or climate of respect or jeopardizes the intent of the school to be free of aggression against persons or property, drugs, weapons, disruptions, and disorder (Center for Prevention of School Violence, 2004). School violence involves a spectrum of crimes taking place within educational institutions. Ensuring safer schools requires establishing valid and reliable indicators of the current state of school crime and safety across the nation and periodically monitoring and updating such indicators. Two decades ago, the term “school violence” itself was widely used to describe violent and aggressive acts on school campuses. Today, the definition is much broader in scope.
Comparative behavior of I131 and C14 labelled albumin in plasma of man.

Conclusion1) Rapid incorporation of C14 into circulating albumin occurs following intravenous administration of glycine 2-C14 in man. The maximum C14 activity occurs at about 24 hours, and is followed by a loss of C14 albumin from the plasma which consists of a rapid exponential component with a half-time of about 3 days and a slow exponential component with a half-time of 28 to 39 days. 2) I131 trace iodinated albumin studied concurrently in the same patients leaves the plasma after extravascular equilibration at a rate that is more than twice as fast as the bio-synthetically C14 labelled albumin. (Half-time of 12 to 13 days.) 3) Difference in behavior between I131 and C14 albumin suggests that introduction of I131 into albumin significantly alters the metabolic behavior of the albumin.
SAT0102 Interpretation of Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) by Rheumatologists

Background The National Institutes of Health Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS ® ) roadmap initiative is a cooperative research program designed to develop, evaluate, and standardize item banks to measure patient-reported outcomes (PROs) across different medical conditions as well as the US population (www.nihpromis.org). It has comprehensive items banks that assess physical, mental, and social well-being. Objectives To assess the interpretation of PROMIS report by rheumatologists at a University Hospital. Methods Four focus group discussions consisting of eleven rheumatologists were held at UM Health System. The panelists were first presented with an overview of PROMIS process followed by a series of patient reports With a focus on the evaluating which report was feasible to use in day-to-day practice and clinically meaningful, the following questions were asked by: (i) What do you think of this report? (ii) Do you understand what this report is communicating? (iii) Is there anything you would change about this report to make this better? Results All the rheumatologists agreed on the following suggestions: (i) Representation of the item scores as thermal graphs or `heat map” was easier to interpret (ii) Provide average scores for the U.S. population and rheumatology patients, (iii) Provide both average and percentile scores, and (iv) Provide pictorial depiction of most bothersome symptom and urgency for referral. Based on these discussions, we modified the PROMIS heat map (Fig. 1) to include: (i) average scores for rheumatologic disorders (bold square), (ii), an open diamond to indicate the individual scores of the patients, and (iii) thickness of the diamond indicates the severity of these symptoms in the patient with an urgency for intervention (thicker equates to greater urgency). Conclusions This presents the first step to assess feasibility of incorporating PRO in rheumatology practice. The PROMIS report card when integrated with the electronic medical record can contribute towards meaningful use. It may improve patient satisfaction and physician-patient relationship. Our long-term goal is to integrate PROMIS into a busy academic practice and assess its effectiveness. Disclosure of Interest V. Nagaraja Employee of: Salary support from the United States Department of Veterans Affairs., D. Fox: None declared, S. Francis: None declared, P. Khanna: None declared, T. Laing: None declared, R. Marks: None declared, S. Monrad: None declared, V. Ognenovski: None declared, K. Phillips: None declared, O. Singer: None declared, D. Khanna Grant/research support: NIH/NIAMS K24 AR063120-02 DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2626
Materials for absorbable and nonabsorbable surgical sutures

Abstract: Catgut and collagen are the two most well-known natural materials for absorbable sutures; however collagen-based absorbable sutures have largely been replaced by synthetic materials made from one of five basic building blocks. The chemical structures of a variety of commercial absorbable sutures are reviewed. The characteristics, chemistry and manufacture of some nonabsorbable equivalents are also considered. A number of newly available materials, in particular the group of amino-acid based biodegradable poly(ester amide) fibers, are considered, together with the results of trials.
A Nest for the Soul: The Trope of Solitude in Three Early Modern Discalced Carmelite Nun-Poets

Abstract: For early modern Discalced Carmelite nun-poets, solitude remains tied to the paradoxical equation of life to death and death to life so famously parsed by St. Teresa. This essay examines poems by Maria de San Alberto (1568-1640), Ana de la Trinidad (1577-1613), and Gregoria Francisca de Santa Teresa (1653-1736) exploring the possibilities of creating and maintaining solitude while embarked on a quest for mystical union. Outstanding practitioners of the Teresian poetic tradition, the Founding Mother’s religious and literary example allowed them the freedom to communicate with their religious sisters and subsequent readers, and thereby establish religious community through writing. Keywords: Discalced Carmelite, mystical, nun-poet, poetry, solitude, St. Teresa Resum: Per a les monges poeteses carmelites descalces de la primera edat moderna, la soledat segueix estant vinculada a l’equacio paradoxal de la vida a la mort i la mort a la vida tan reconegudament tractada per santa Teresa. Aquest assaig examina poemes de Maria de San Alberto (1568-1640), Ana de la Trinidad (1577-1613), i Gregoria Francisca de Santa Teresa (1653-1736) que exploren les possibilitats de creacio i manteniment de la solitud mentre es va embarcar en una recerca d’unio mistica. Seguidores destacades de la tradicio poetica teresiana, la literatura i la religiositat de la mare fundadora assoleix en elles la llibertat de comunicar-se amb les seues germanes de religio i els lectors posteriors, i amb aixo s’estableix una comunitat religiosa a traves de l’escriptura permesos. Paraules clau: Carmel Descalc, mistica, monges poeteses, poesia, solitud, santa Teresa
Non-intercourse and intercourse hookup intentions, drinking expectancies, and college students’ heavy drinking

ABSTRACTBackground: The current study tested the associations between college students’ intentions to hookup (i.e., specifically intending to go out and engage in sexual behavior with a non-romantic partner) and self-reported heavy drinking. Further, social and sexual enhancement drinking expectancies were tested as moderators of those associations. Methods: College students (N = 235) reported (a) if they had specifically intended to hookup (reported separately for non-intercourse and intercourse hookup intentions) in the past 6 months; (b) social and sexual enhancement drinking expectancies; and (c) heavy drinking (a composite of past-30-day drinking frequency, typical amount consumed per drinking occasion, and how many times they got drunk). Data were analyzed using a hierarchical multiple regression (HMR), controlling for demographic variables. Results: Non-intercourse hookup intentions were positively associated with heavy drinking, but intercourse hookup intentions were not. Sexual but not social enh...
Performance of an automated isotope identification algorithm for handheld NaI detectors

Isotope identification algorithms for handheld radioisotope identifiers (RIIDs) have demonstrated a poor performance at automated identification. It is possible to improve identifications using naive Bayesian classifiers, which can deal with many of the challenges faced by handheld RIIDs. Performance of this method is presented on spectra from special nuclear material.
Procedural Justice, Obligation to Obey, and Cooperation with Police in a Sample of Ghanaian Immigrants:

Theory and research highlight the importance of procedural justice for inculcating people’s obligation to obey and willingness to cooperate with legal authorities, yet questions remain about the un...
DNA Damage Follows Repair Factor Depletion and Portends Genome Variation in Cancer Cells after Pore Migration.

Migration through micron-size constrictions has been seen to rupture the nucleus, release nuclear-localized GFP, and cause localized accumulations of ectopic 53BP1-a DNA repair protein. Here, constricted migration of two human cancer cell types and primary mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) increases DNA breaks throughout the nucleoplasm as assessed by endogenous damage markers and by electrophoretic "comet" measurements. Migration also causes multiple DNA repair proteins to segregate away from DNA, with cytoplasmic mis-localization sustained for many hours as is relevant to delayed repair. Partial knockdown of repair factors that also regulate chromosome copy numbers is seen to increase DNA breaks in U2OS osteosarcoma cells without affecting migration and with nucleoplasmic patterns of damage similar to constricted migration. Such depletion also causes aberrant levels of DNA. Migration-induced nuclear damage is nonetheless reversible for wild-type and sub-cloned U2OS cells, except for lasting genomic differences between stable clones as revealed by DNA arrays and sequencing. Gains and losses of hundreds of megabases in many chromosomes are typical of the changes and heterogeneity in bone cancer. Phenotypic differences that arise from constricted migration of U2OS clones are further illustrated by a clone with a highly elongated and stable MSC-like shape that depends on microtubule assembly downstream of the transcription factor GATA4. Such changes are consistent with reversion to a more stem-like state upstream of cancerous osteoblastic cells. Migration-induced genomic instability can thus associate with heritable changes.
D2D Neighbor Discovery and Resource Scheduling through Demodulation Reference Signal

3GPP has recently accelerated the standardization process for Device-to-Device communications. Sidelink, which refers to the radio link between two user equipments (UEs), is a major update in 3GPP Release 12. In this paper, we will first introduce sidelink related structures and procedures in Release 12. Based on basic LTE signaling schemes, we propose methods of using demodulation reference signal (DMRS), which is used as reference signal in both uplink and sidelink, for advance D2D neighbor discovery and resource scheduling of D2D transmissions. Our study shows that reference signal of normal LTE channels can be well exploited to facilitate the newly proposed sidelink communications.
La liberalización del comercio y la trasnacionalización de la industria de la educacion superior de EE.UU

The higher education industry has emerged as an important element contributing to the economic vitality of the United States, which controls one third of the total world market of these services based on consumption abroad. This poses, at least, three political and cultural issues for serious consideration: globalization of higher education limits the transmittal of national and local culture; subordinates democratic citizens to the profitability of transnational companies and to their education support units; and transforms colleges and universities into corporations which undoubtedly leads to a loss of control and governance among scholars.
Quantification of power losses due to wind turbine wake interactions through SCADA, meteorological and wind LiDAR data

Power production of an onshore wind farm is investigated through supervisory control and data acquisition data, while the wind field is monitored through scanning light detection and ranging measurements and meteorological data acquired from a met-tower located in proximity to the turbine array. The power production of each turbine is analysed as functions of the operating region of the power curve, wind direction and atmospheric stability. Five different methods are used to estimate the potential wind power as a function of time, enabling an estimation of power losses connected with wake interactions. The most robust method from a statistical standpoint is that based on the evaluation of a reference wind velocity at hub height and experimental mean power curves calculated for each turbine and different atmospheric stability regimes. The synergistic analysis of these various datasets shows that power losses are significant for wind velocities higher than cut-in wind speed and lower than rated wind speed of the turbines. Furthermore, power losses are larger under stable atmospheric conditions than for convective regimes, which is a consequence of the stability-driven variability in wake evolution. Light detection and ranging measurements confirm that wind turbine wakes recover faster under convective regimes, thus alleviating detrimental effects due to wake interactions. For the wind farm under examination, power loss due to wake shadowing effects is estimated to be about 4% and 2% of the total power production when operating under stable and convective conditions, respectively. However, cases with power losses about 60-80% of the potential power are systematically observed for specific wind turbines and wind directions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atmospheric correction of Landsat 8 TIRS acquisitions using split window algorithms for analyzing Naameh landfill, Lebanon

Thermal infrared remote sensing was used to investigate the land surface temperature variation between the Naameh landfill and its surroundings during the winter and summer seasons. Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager and Thermal Infrared Sensor were used to retrieve at-sensor temperature, which was corrected for atmospheric effects using three different split-widow algorithms. Land surface average temperature was calculated for six land-cover classes, and it was determined that the variation between the land surface temperature and the at-sensor temperature was ranging from 1 to 5 oK, yet this difference depends on the type of land cover and on the ambient temperature. Thus, this shows the importance of obtaining surface temperature from at-sensor temperature for this study area. In addition, the Naameh landfill's surface temperature was consistently higher than the surrounding areas during summer seasons, reaching a difference of 6 oK with vegetated areas and 2 oK with bare soil.
Chapter 6 – Mucosal Immunity

Mucosal surfaces form the interface of the body with the external environment and play a central role in immune surveillance and protection against infection. The surface areas that comprise the mucosa are defined by the presence of a semipermeable epithelial barrier that is reinforced by a variety of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. Large numbers of lymphocytes that reside below the epithelium serve to protect against microbial invasion and mediate immunity to disease. Mucosal surfaces are also the home of the commensal microbiome, a diverse community of bacteria that contributes to the health of the host but must also be contained and controlled by the immune system at these sites. Overall, mucosal surfaces provide an essential barrier between the host and the outside environment and are characterized by the novel adaptations required to protect this barrier.
Characterization of designed, synthetically accessible bryostatin analog HIV latency reversing agents

HIV latency in resting CD4+ T cell represents a key barrier preventing cure of the infection with antiretroviral drugs alone. Latency reversing agents (LRAs) can activate HIV expression in latently infected cells, potentially leading to their elimination through virus-mediated cytopathic effects, host immune responses, and/or therapeutic strategies targeting cells actively expressing virus. We have recently described several structurally simplified analogs of the PKC modulator LRA bryostatin (termed bryologs) designed to improve synthetic accessibility, tolerability in vivo, and efficacy in inducing HIV latency reversal. Here we report the comparative performance of lead bryologs, including their effects in reducing cell surface expression of HIV entry receptors, inducing proinflammatory cytokines, inhibiting short-term HIV replication, and synergizing with histone deacetylase inhibitors to reverse HIV latency. These data provide unique insights into structure-function relationships between A- and B-ring bryolog modifications and activities in primary cells, and suggest that bryologs represent promising leads for preclinical advancement.
Amending the Structure of Renewable Carbon from Biorefinery Waste-Streams for Energy Storage Applications.

Biorefineries produce impure sugar waste streams that are being underutilized. By converting this waste to a profitable by-product, biorefineries could be safeguarded against low oil prices. We demonstrate controlled production of useful carbon materials from the waste concentrate via hydrothermal synthesis and carbonization. We devise a pathway to producing tunable, porous spherical carbon materials by modeling the gross structure formation and developing an understanding of the pore formation mechanism utilizing simple reaction principles. Compared to a simple hydrothermal synthesis from sugar concentrate, emulsion-based synthesis results in hollow spheres with abundant microporosity. In contrast, conventional hydrothermal synthesis produces solid beads with micro and mesoporosity. All the carbonaceous materials show promise in energy storage application. Using our reaction pathway, perfect hollow activated carbon spheres can be produced from waste sugar in liquid effluence of biomass steam pretreatment units. The renewable carbon product demonstrated a desirable surface area of 872 m2/g and capacitance of up to 109 F/g when made into an electric double layer supercapacitor. The capacitor exhibited nearly ideal capacitive behavior with 90.5% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles.
How should business professionals analyze information systems for themselves

This paper discusses an applied research project originally aimed at identifying basic ideas about information systems. This project evolved into an attempt to develop a systems analysis method for business professionals, which should lead to insight about the system being studied and to better collaboration with the IS staff, vendors, and colleagues. Such a method need not simulate the work of IS professionals creating and documenting rigorous hardware and software specifications. How well business professionals can apply a set of ideas when analyzing information systems is a good test of whether those ideas are basic concepts of the field.
The Sundarbans and Bengal Delta: The World’s Largest Tidal Mangrove and Delta System

The Sundarbans is the name given to the heavily forested, tidally dominated region of the enormous Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna river delta shared by India and Bangladesh. Originally formed of alluvial deposits delivered directly by the Ganga, Brahmaputra and Meghna Rivers, sediments in the modern Sundarbans Delta are now mostly reworked from offshore by the large (2–4 m) semi-diurnal tides and seasonally enhanced by sea level set up from onshore monsoon winds, and by tropical cyclones that regularly form in the Bay of Bengal. Sediment annually deposited in the tidal delta continues to be dominated by river-borne sediments even though it has not been directly connected to the main river system for at least hundreds of years. Today, much of the Sundarbans tidal delta is covered by a vast mangrove ecosystem, which remains the world’s largest despite significant historical reductions through deforestation. It provides a habitat for the Royal Bengal Tiger, as well as storm surge protection for the millions of people living outside of its boundaries.
Pluralism and its Perils: Navigating the Tension between Gay Rights and Religious Expression

The conflict between gay equality claims and religious liberty claims permeates debates over marriage equality and LGBT civil rights. Using as its centerpiece a decision that forced Georgetown University to provide benefits for a gay student organization, this article examines both the doctrinal underpinnings of how courts resolve the tension between gay rights and religion and the principles of pluralism that are at stake. The Georgetown case is rightly understood as an exemplar of judicial minimalism. This article argues that the values of learning things undecided, while real, may be outweighed by lost opportunities for advancing principles that also foster respect for competing norms and promote affirmative values rather than simple suppression of conflict. In particular, the article argues for adoption of three premises, all of which contribute new insights to this continuing debate: that obedience to antidiscrimination law is not inherently expressive; that disagreement with antidiscrimination law must be fully protected; and that the framing of antidiscrimination norms should be de-moralized. Some scholars believe that pluralism requires treating religious authority as equivalent to law. This article argues that, in situations such as the Georgetown case, when seemingly irreconcilable value systems collide, the proper role of courts in a pluralistic democracy is to provide the secular authority that ultimately resolves such a case, if not the volatile cultural dispute underlying it.
Rallying Votes? A Multilevel Approach to Understanding Voter Decision-Making in the 2016 Presidential Nominating Contests

The 2016 presidential nominating process presented the American public with an interesting and tumultuous set of contests. Despite the unique nature of both the Democratic and Republican contests, ...
Distribution of Meiofauna in Bathyal Sediments Influenced by the Oxygen Minimum Zone Off Costa Rica

Ocean deoxygenation has become a topic of increasing concern because of its potential impacts on marine ecosystems, including oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) expansion and subsequent benthic effects. We investigated the influence of oxygen concentration and organic matter (OM) availability on metazoan meiofauna within and below an OMZ in bathyal sediments off Costa Rica, testing the hypothesis that oxygen and OM levels are reflected in meiofaunal community structures and distribution. Mean total densities in our sampling cores (400-1800 m water depth) were highest with 3688 ind. 10 cm-2 at the OMZ core at 400 m water depth, decreasing rapidly downslope. Nematodes were overall dominant, with a maximum of 99.9% in the OMZ core, followed by copepods (13%), nauplii (4.8%), and polychaetes (3%). Relative copepod and nauplii abundance increased consistently with depth and increasing bottom-water O2. Meiofaunal composition was significantly different among sites, with lower taxonomic diversity at OMZ sites relative to deeper, oxygenated sites. Vertical distribution patterns within sediments showed that in strongly oxygen-depleted sites less meiofauna was concentrated in the surface sediment than at deeper slope sites. Highest meiofaunal abundance and lowest diversity occurred under lowest oxygen and highest pigment levels, whereas highest diversity occurred under highest oxygen-concentrations and low CPE, as well as high quality of sedimentary pigment (chl a/phaeo) and organic carbon (C/N). The lower meiofaunal diversity, and hence lower structural and trophic complexity, at oxygen-depleted sites raises concerns about changes in the structure and function of benthic marine ecosystems in the face of OMZ expansions.
Predictors for hemorrhage following pediatric adenotonsillectomy.

Abstract Objective To determine risk factors and trends for posttonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH) following adenotonsillectomy (T&A) at a single children's tertiary referral hospital. Methods Charts from all patients 2–12 years old undergoing T&A alone at a single children's hospital from January 1, 2010 through December 31, 2015 were reviewed. Data was collected on patient demographics, indication for procedure, time of year, academic affiliation of surgeon, surgical technique and method, post-operative pain medication prescribed,and readmission for PTH. Univariate chi-square analyses and logistic regression along with multivariable stepwise logistic regression were used to identify predictors of PTH. SPSS version 24 was used for statistical analyses with p Results There were 2565 children undergoing T&A during the study period. One hundred seventy-three (6.7%) patients were readmitted, of which 53 (30.6%) were due to PTH. Univariate analyses identified children at the highest age quartile of the study, 7.72–12.97 years old (odds ratio [OR] = 5.775, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.248–14.837, p Conclusion In children undergoing T&A, age greater than 7.72 years old and BMI z-score of 2 or greater are significant risk factors for PTH. Replication of these findings in a more highly powered trial is needed.
Preparation and Polymerization of Macrocyclic Oligomers

Ring-opening polymerization reactions (Equation 1) constitute an important class of polymerization techniques. A number of commercial products are prepared via ringopening polymerization reactions, and the preparation of monomers, studies of catalysis and mechanism, and product development of many of these materials are active areas of academic and industrial research. Ring-opening polymerization chemistry has been extensively reviewed in several monographs, 1 and in many review articles.2 A wide variety of monomers have been utilized in ring-opening reactions; these polymerizations are commercially utilized for the preparation of polyamides, aliphatic polyesters, silicones, polyalkylenes (via ring-opening methathesis polymerizations), and epoxide thermosets. For this paper, discussion will be limited to three categories of ring-opening polymerization reactions: monomelic strained ring systems, which have high reaction exotherms, monomelic medium ring systems, which have moderate exotherms, and oligomeric large ring systems, which have little or no reaction exotherm.
Spin Effects in Electromagnetic Interactions

In this review we discuss a number of experiments measuring spin-dependent phenomena in electromagnetic processes. Emphasis will be on the experimental aspects special to studying spin dependence, both in order to evaluate these experiments and to indicate in what directions progress may be made in this field.
Spectral Gaps Extrapolation for Stepped-Frequency SAR via Generative Adversarial Networks

Ultra-wideband (UWB) radars achieve high-resolution imaging along with penetration capability thanks to the use of an ultra-wide spectrum ranging from hundreds of MHz to a few GHz. However, this spectrum is also shared by many other communication systems. Severe interference requires the systems to hop over these crowded frequency bands or even bypass sensing in certain prohibited bands. To recover this missing spectral information, we propose a generative adversarial network, called SARGAN, that learns the relationship between the full-bandwidth original and the observed missing band signals by observing these training pairs. We employ a simple sparse model to generate the training data and then test SARGAN performance on real-world data that it has never observed before. Initial results show that this approach is promising in tackling the challenging missing band problem. Our generative network can interpolate/extrapolate up to 90% of the missing spectrum – significantly outperformed recent state-of-the-art sparse-recovery/low-rank methods.
On the Efficacy of Model-Based Attack Detectors for Unmanned Aerial Systems

Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), informally known as drones, are cyber-physical systems (CPS) that operate by remote human control or autonomous control. UAS are increasingly being used in a wide variety of applications, such as search and rescue, delivery of goods, or surveillance. These systems rely on sensors and actuators to evaluate their current state and take further action; due to the reliance on sensors and actuators, it is critical to thwart an adversary's attempt to compromise these elements. Security in these systems rely on detectors to find malicious activity, many of which require models of the system to compare what the readings are versus the expected value. Due to measurement and process noise, it is possible that an adversary may perpetrate undetectable attacks. In this paper we examine the sensitivity of model-based attack detectors to measurement and modeling uncertainty, ultimately showing the weaknesses in relying solely on model-based detectors for attack detection. We demonstrate attacks on a simulation of the Senior Telamaster UAS and evaluate the performance of multiple attack detectors after modifications on various parameters, such as those related to internal factors, e.g., measurement noise, as well as external forces, e.g., wind, ultimately showing that an attacker is able to evade detection due to fundamental limitations in the model-based approach.