cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is Trauma at Krapina like all Other Neandertal Trauma? A Statistical Comparison of Trauma Patterns in Neandertal Skeletal Remains

All instances of trauma reported or personally observed in any known Neandertal skeletal remain were assembled and classified in several ways: 1) whether or not recovered at Krapina; 2) part of the body injured; 3) side of the body injured; 4) sex; and 5) kind of injury. Pairs of these classifications were tested for independence using ACTUS2, a statistical simulation technique appropriate the comparison of small samples. Among bones recovered at Krapina, trauma was significantly concentrated in head and arms, with weak trends away from hands and feet. Comparing Krapina to the other Neandertal samples, weak trends for more trauma in hands and feet at Krapina remain, with weak trends for trunk trauma in the other Neandertal samples. Not even weak trends distinguished Krapina from other samples with respect to side of body. Samples known to be male showed slightly more trauma in other Neandertal specimens, but specimens of undetermined sex showed more trauma at Krapina. Significant differences in kind of trauma were revealed, with more cranial depression fractures at Krapina and less elsewhere, and with a trend for postcranial fractures to be more common outside Krapina. The Neandertal specimens from anywhere but Krapina represent a time spectrum of tens of thousands of years and a widely dispersed geography. The disparate nature of this metasample mitigates the conclusions.
Path planning for permutation-invariant multirobot formations

In many multirobot applications, the specific assignment of goal configurations to robots is less important than the overall behavior of the robot formation. In such cases, it is convenient to define a permutation-invariant multirobot formation as a set of robot configurations, without assigning specific configurations to specific robots. For the case of robots that translate in the plane, we can represent such a formation by the coefficients of a complex polynomial whose roots represent the robot configurations. Since these coefficients are invariant with respect to permutation of the roots of the polynomial, they provide an effective representation for permutation-invariant formations. In this paper, we extend this idea to build a full representation of a permutation-invariant formation space. We describe the properties of the representation, and show how it can be used to construct collision-free paths for permutation-invariant formations
The carboxyl-terminal half of type VII collagen, including the non-collagenous NC-2 domain and intron/exon organization of the corresponding region of the COL7A1 gene

The COL7A1 gene, which encodes type VII collagen, has been implicated as a candidate gene for dominantly and recessively inherited forms of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. In this study, hamster and human cDNA clones, which encode the previously uncharacterized carboxyl-terminal portion of type VII collagen, have been isolated and characterized. The previously uncharacterized carboxyl-terminal NC-2 non-collagenous domain is shown to be comprised of 161 amino acids in humans, 170 amino acids in hamster and to contain 8 conserved cysteines in each species. The 6 most carboxyl-terminal cysteines are contained in a conserved motif similar to domains found in Kunitz protease inhibitors, and most closely resembling a similar motif found in the carboxyl-terminal globular domain of the alpha 3 chain of type VI collagen. Also contained in the highly acidic NC-2 domain are a number of potential sites for phosphorylation by casein kinases. Human genomic clones containing 24 exons of COL7A1 were isolated and characterized. The NC-2 domain is encoded by 7 of these exons, which include a junctional exon encoding the end of the collagenous region and the beginning of the NC-2 domain and a final exon encoding the end of the NC-2 domain and 333 bp of 3' untranslated sequences. Comparison of hamster and human sequences shows the region surrounding the junction of the collagenous and NC-2 domains to be particularly conserved. This region is likely to contain residues involved in the proteolytic removal of the NC-2 domain and cysteines involved in formation of the disulfide linkages which stabilize type VII collagen dimers.
Reply to “Continuation of High-Dose Vancomycin despite Nephrotoxicity”

The letter from Teng et al. in response to our recent publication ([1][1]) is welcome, and we agree that the proper action to take once a vancomycin-related elevation of serum creatinine is noted remains to be determined, although this was clearly not an aim of our study. The authors describe their
Outpatient Multimodality Management of Large Submucosal Myomas Using Transvaginal Radiofrequency Myolysis

Abstract Study Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transvaginal radiofrequency myolysis (RFM) with or without combined hysteroscopy for treatment of large submucosal leiomyomas with a substantial intramural portion. Design Retrospective observational study (Canadian Task Force classification III). Setting Hospital outpatient department. Patients Twenty-four patients with large submucosal leiomyomas with a substantial intramural portion. Interventions Transvaginal RFM with or without combined hysteroscopy. Measurements and Main Results Twenty-four patients with large submucosal leiomyomas with a substantial intramural portion were enrolled to undergo stepwise RFM. Additional hysteroscopic myomectomy was performed in 6 patients at 3 to 6 months after RFM. Myoma volumes were measured via 3-dimensional ultrasonography before RFM and at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Symptom severity was assessed using the Uterine Fibroid Symptom and Quality of Life questionnaire and the Health-Related Quality of Life questionnaire. The total volume reduction rate 24 months postoperatively was 84.2%. Symptom severity and health-related quality of life scores demonstrated substantial improvements at 12 months after RFM. Conclusions RFM with or without hysteroscopy is an effective treatment for large myomas with deep intramural positioning, and it seems safe for use in all patients with submucosal myoma-related symptoms.
General Guidelines for Vacuum Circuit Breaker Application

Vacuum circuit breakers have been used successfully in a variety of applications, spanning duties from fault interruption to highly repetitive arc-furnace switching. Application guidelines that have resulted from extensive engineering investigations and successful experience in service are described.
Development of Inhibitors of HER2 With Taxanes

The development of superior treatment strategies directed against metastatic breast cancer remains a major challenge. Because this condition is historically treatable but not curable, the primary goal of clinical management is often to create an optimal equilibrium between maximizing response, minimizing toxicity, improving survival, and optimizing symptom palliation. The search for new drugs that might provide these characteristics, together with an expanding understanding of the molecular basis of cancer, has prompted the development and investigation of “biologic” agents, which offer high tumor selectivity together with a favorable therapeutic ratio.
Corrigendum to ``Birth outcomes and background exposures to select elements, the Longitudinal Investigation of Fertility and the Environment (LIFE)'' [Environ. Res. 138 (2015) 118-129]

a Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany School of Public Health, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA b Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA c Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD, USA d Glotech, Incorporated, Rockville, MD, USA e Laboratory of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
Trauma and Sexual Inversion, circa 1885: Oliver Wendell Holmes’s A Mortal Antipathy and Maladies of Representation

A mysterious young man appears in a late-nineteenth-century New England village and inexplicably avoids the young women there, preferring the sole company of his Italian manservant and therefore arousing great curiosity. His secret, as it eventually comes out, is rooted in a childhood shock with sexual overtones and powerful sexual effects. As a baby, while being held and tossed by his beautiful and nubile cousin, he was dropped off a balcony into a thorn bush. The lasting effect of this trauma is that, whenever he is in the presence of a young woman exuding a sexual aura, the natural outward impulse of his nervous system is inverted, turns inward, and arrests his heart. Heterosexual arousal is fatal, and Maurice Kirkwood is thus understandably gynophobic, with an aversion for young women powered by an antipathic neurological response.
Evaluation of peripheral vascular disease using non-invasive dynamic optical tomography

Using dynamic optical tomography, we observed a difference in metabolic usage of oxygen and in vascular reactivity during and after provocative tests in the limbs of healthy and diabetic patients.
Production of acute experimental circulatory failure by graded pulmonary artery constriction.

Summary and ConclusionsAn experimental attempt was made to simulate acutely the cardinal circulatory changes of congestive heart failure for the purpose of creating a preparation in which the incipient effects on renal function could later be studied.Optically recorded pressure pulses from the aorta, pulmonary artery, and right atrium are presented, and show that judicious compression of the pulmonary artery can reduce the output of the left ventricle significantly without incurring a drastic fall of arterial pressure. These dynamic studies also revealed that such graded pulmonary artery constriction results in (a) a reduction of pulmonary systolic and diastolic pressures distal to the constriction, and the development of a systolic murmur, (b) a rise in maximal and initial tensions in the right ventricle, and (c) an elevation of right atrial pressures. In some instances, relative tricuspid insufficiency developed.The elevation of central venous pressure is obviously associated with translocation of a lar...
Patient Preferences in Treatment Choices for Early-Stage Lung Cancer.

Background Decision-making for lung cancer treatment can be complex because it involves both provider recommendations based on the patient's clinical condition and patient preferences. This study describes the relative importance of several considerations in lung cancer treatment from the patient's perspective. Methods A conjoint preference experiment began by asking respondents to imagine that they had just been diagnosed with lung cancer. Respondents then chose among procedures that differed regarding treatment modalities, the potential for treatment-related complications, the likelihood of recurrence, provider case volume, and distance needed to travel for treatment. Conjoint analysis derived relative weights for these attributes. Results A total of 225 responses were analyzed. Respondents were most willing to accept minimally invasive operations for treatment of their hypothetical lung cancer, followed by stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT); they were least willing to accept thoracotomy. Treatment type and risk of recurrence were the most important attributes from the conjoint experiment (each with a relative weight of 0.23), followed by provider volume (relative weight of 0.21), risk of major complications (relative weight of 0.18), and distance needed to travel for treatment (relative weight of 0.15). Procedural and treatment preferences did not vary with demographics, self-reported health status, or familiarity with the procedures. Conclusions Survey respondents preferred minimally invasive operations over SBRT or thoracotomy for treatment of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Treatment modality and risk of cancer recurrence were the most important factors associated with treatment preferences. Provider experience outweighed the potential need to travel for lung cancer treatment.
MiniSOG-mediated Photoablation in Caenorhabdtis elegans.

This protocol describes a method for light-inducible cell ablation in live worms. miniSOG (mini Singlet Oxygen Generator) generates singlet oxygen upon blue light illumination (Shu et al., 2011). Mitochondrially membrane targeted miniSOG (the first 55 a. a. of C. e. tomm-20 fused at the N’-terminus of miniSOG, termed as mito-miniSOG in the following) is transgenically expressed in specific cells/tissues (Qi et al., 2012). Groups of transgenic animals are illuminated under open field fluorescence light on a compound microscope or LED light setup for photo-ablation.
Identifying possible alternative rodenticide baits to replace strychnine baits for pocket gophers in California

Abstract Rodents cause substantial damage to crops in California and rodenticides have been major tools for reducing that damage. While strychnine has been heavily relied upon to control pocket gophers in California, its future availability is in question because of increased import costs. We conducted efficacy trials with captive, wild-caught Botta's pocket gophers to identify potential alternative rodenticides to strychnine. The rodenticide baits tested included three categories: acute rodenticides, first generation anticoagulant rodenticides, and combination rodenticides (containing an acute toxicant and an anticoagulant). There was a wide range of efficacies (0–100%) with these rodenticides. The first generation anticoagulants performed poorly, while a distinct regional variation in efficacy occurred with the strychnine and zinc phosphide baits. The combination baits performed the best overall, averaging 90% efficacy. We also reported on the average bait consumption and days-to-death for the various rodenticides tested. We discussed the potential advantages of combination baits and especially the potential for lower concentrations of active ingredients. Finally, we recommend that a field trial be conducted to determine the efficacy of the combination baits to control pocket gophers.
Production of Powders

In Chapter 4 we described the physical aspects of powders and, from the examples that were shown, it was clear that a wide variety of shapes and agglomeration states was possible. Much of the powder’s physical characteristics are determined by the way it is prepared. The preparation method will then have profound consequences for the fabricability of the ceramic or metal part from powder compacts. Often the variations in powder properties from batch to batch, prepared by the same method in the same factory, are sufficient to cause unacceptable variations in product properties. This susceptibility of fine powders to seemingly minor, and often unrecorded or undetected processing variations, is a major difficulty in the production of reliable and reproducible ceramic products.
Feasibility of using home-based mobile sensors for remote patient monitoring in cancer care and prevention.

9585 Background: Remote monitoring of patients outside of the clinic setting during critical periods of care is an emerging paradigm in oncology. CYCORE (CYberinfrastructure for COmparative effecti...
Reverse Genetics of Newcastle Disease Virus

Reverse genetics allows for the generation of recombinant viruses or vectors used in functional studies, vaccine development, and gene therapy. This technique enables genetic manipulation and cloning of viral genomes, gene mutation through site-directed mutagenesis, along with gene insertion or deletion, among other studies. An in vitro infection-based system including the highly attenuated vaccinia virus Ankara strain expressing the T7 RNA polymerase from bacteriophage T7, with co-transfection of three helper plasmids and a full-length cDNA plasmid, was successfully developed to rescue genetically modified Newcastle disease viruses in 1999. In this chapter, the materials and the methods involved in rescuing Newcastle disease virus (NDV) from cDNA, utilizing site-directed mutagenesis and gene replacement techniques, are described in detail.
Alternative Muslim Modernities: Bosnian Intellectuals in the Ottoman and Habsburg Empires

The Habsburg takeover of Ottoman Bosnia Herzegovina (1878–1918) is conventionally considered the entry of this province into the European realm and the onset of its modernization. Treating the transition from one empire to another not as a radical break, but as in many respects continuity, reveals that the imperial context provided for the existence of overlapping affiliations that shaped the means by which modernity was mediated and embodied in the local experience. Drawing on Bosnian and Ottoman sources, this article analyzes Bosnian intellectuals’ conceptions of their particular Muslim modernity in a European context. It comparatively evaluates the ways in which they integrated the modernist discourse that developed in the Ottoman Empire and the broader Muslim world, and how they also contributed to that discourse. I show that their concern with modernity was not abstract but rather focused on concrete solutions that the Muslim modernists developed to challenges in transforming their societies. I argue that we must incorporate Islamic intellectual history, and cross-regional exchanges within it, to understand southeastern Europe's past and present, and that studies of Europe and the Middle East need to look beyond geohistorical and disciplinary divisions.
Potentiometric Measurement of Activity of Rare Earth Chlorides (La, Gd, Ce, Nd) in LiCl-KCl Eutectic Salt

Abstract In this paper, the thermodynamic activity of two lanthanide chlorides (CeCl3 and NdCl3) in molten LiCl-KCl eutectic salt measured using open circuit potentiometry has been reported. Activity coefficient of CeCl3 was found to be strongly dependent on the concentration of CeCl3 in a concentration window of up to 4.66 mol % CeCl3. The activity coefficient of NdCl3 could not be measured due to the uncertainty in NdCl3/NdCl2 molar ratio in the salt, however the thermodynamic activity was measured relative to a 5 mol% Ag∣AgCl reference electrode. The concurrent analysis of data presented in this paper along with previously published activity data for LaCl3 and GdCl3 demonstrates that the departure from ideal solution behavior shown by the rare earths chlorides correlates with ionic size of underlying rare earth element. The smaller the ionic size of the species under consideration, the greater its departure from ideal solution behavior. Further, using the activity data of all four rare earth chlorides, an ionic size dependent correlation was developed. Using this empirical correlation, it is possible to calculate the activity of all species from La(Z = 57) to Gd (Z = 64) for a concentration of up to 2.5 mol% rare earth chloride in LiCl-KCl molten salt at 773 K.
Acute airway obstruction management in scorpion envenomation to submandibular region: A case report

Abstract Acute airway obstruction following scorpion envenomation to the head and neck region can present a unique challenge to a clinical practitioner and will require expeditious management to appropriately secure the airway. We present the case of acute airway obstruction following a scorpion sting to submandibular region in a 56 year-old female, initially managed with emergent cricothyroidotomy with subsequent revision to tracheostomy. The primary aim of management of acute airway obstruction is to maintain and secure a patient's airway. Some cases of obstruction due to local envenomation to the airway area can complicate respiratory management and may necessitate emergent operative intervention to best secure the airway in a timely manner.
Autism: Current Concepts

Autism is an early-onset disorder characterized by disruption in basic social-communicative processes. Despite increased knowledge regarding the definition, phenomenology, natural history, epidemiology, and treatment of the disorder, knowledge of underlying pathophysiologic processes is limited. Although a host of treatments have been proposed, many have not been systematically well evaluated.
Risk Factors for Premature Ejaculation: The Intrapsychic Risk Factor

Intrapsychic factors encompass those elements comprising the person’s psychological past and present that ultimately underlie his attitudes, beliefs, values, expectations, attributions, cognitions, thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. These processes may be affected by inherent dispositions having a biological/genetic basis, developmental-learning experiences which vary across individual men, or sociocultural environments. The evidence supporting various cognitive, emotional, personality, and other intrapsychic distinctions in men with PE is reviewed, with differences with non-PE men being subtle though not without possible significance. Furthermore, the effectiveness of therapeutic strategies designed to counter negative psychological processes argues in favor of the idea that such factors may contribute to or intensify functional impairment in men with PE.
Latent Variable Techniques for Measuring Development

The seminal work of Lazarsfeld (1950a, b) on latent structure analysis carried out more than three decades ago charted a new direction for research involving relationships between latent and manifest variables. The two branches of investigation stemming from Lazarsfeld’s early work, the latent class branch and the latent trait branch, can be used to address a variety of problems of importance in measuring development. This chapter examines latent class and latent trait models in the context of a large-scale application involving the measurement of development in children participating in the Head Start program. The chapter reviews the application of latent class models describing the ordering of skills in a developmental sequence, and it examines the question of determining the effects of one skill on another. Then, the application of latent trait models for testing hypotheses about developmental sequences is discussed. Hierarchical models are reviewed that constrain slope and difficulty item parameters to test hypotheses about difficulty ordering and slope uniformity for item sets reflecting developmental sequences.
Sports, Hormones, and Doping in Children and Adolescents

Can one grow more rapidly during childhood and early adolescence and to a taller than genetically programmed adult height or to a more robust body composition given anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), human growth hormone (rhGH), insulin-like growth factor (rhIGF-I), insulin, or erythropoietin? Does growth in these dimensions permit an adolescent to reach his/her athletic goals increased performance whether faster (citius) in many events, higher (altius) in jumping events, and stronger (fortius)? Why would one consider that possible? The more successful late childhood and early adolescent age athletes are often more physically mature than their age-peers.
Environmental Setting, Natural Symbols, and Subsistence

The social and ceremonial lives of Scioto Hopewell peoples were richly interconnected with the natural, experiential, and culturally interpreted, symbolic qualities of the land in which they made their home. The Scioto-Paint Creek area was both a medium for the creative expression of Hopewellian beliefs and practices, and a setting that presented a limited range of experiences and various ecological restrictions, which encouraged Hopewellian thought, activities, and society to develop in certain broad directions. Places of extraordinary character in the Scioto and Paint Creek valleys were selected by Hopewell people as the locations of their ceremonial centers. Animal species of the area served as templates for leadership roles, clan identities, and clan organization, and as means for obtaining personal power and journeying to an afterlife. Natural qualities of the valleys also helped to mold the densities and spatial distributions Hopewellian people there, affecting the sizes and complexity of their societies and rituals.
Respiratory disease and suicide among U.S. coal miners: is there a relationship?

A case-control study was performed to test whether or not respiratory disease in coal miners presented a risk for suicide. While coal miners in general do not experience elevated rates of suicide, coal miners with respiratory disease have been found to have high rates of psychiatric disability, especially depressive reactions. Further, depression has been related to suicide. To test the hypothesis, 50 suicide deaths from four National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health cohorts of coal miners were matched by age at death to two series of controls, a noncancer, nonaccident control series, and a cancer control series. Using odds ratios (tested by chi-square) the risks of obstructive lung disease and coal workers pneumoconiosis were evaluated together with the risks of years of underground mining, cigarette smoking at the time of cohort creation, and ever having smoked cigarettes. Neither respiratory disease was found to pose a statistically elevated risk of suicide in this sample of U.S. white male coal miners.
Social constraints and fear of recurrence in couples coping with early stage breast cancer.

Objective Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is a top concern of breast cancer (BC) survivors and their spouses. FCR often occurs within an interpersonal context, yet there has been little research on relationship processes that may influence FCR in patients and spouses. It was hypothesized that the inhibition of disclosure of cancer-related concerns, thoughts, and feelings because of perceived partner disinterest or avoidance (termed social constraints) would predict greater FCR in BC patients and their spouses both globally and in the context of everyday life. Method Two studies, 1 cross-sectional (N = 46 couples) and 1 daily diary (21 days; N = 72 couples), were conducted to examine the between-person and within-person associations between social constraints and FCR in early stage BC patients and their spouses. Assessments were conducted about 6 months after BC surgery. Results Global social constraints predicted greater global FCR in patients and spouses at the cross-sectional level, controlling for anxiety symptoms, relationship quality, and patient age, physical impairment, and BC stage. At the within-person level, results indicated that on days when more social constraints were reported, both partners were more likely to report greater FCR, controlling for momentary negative affect and relationship quality. Conclusions This study is the first to examine the within-person association between social constraints and FCR. These findings suggest relationship processes, particularly inhibition of disclosure, can uniquely influence the experience of FCR for both BC patients and their spouses, pointing to an important consideration for future research and possible intervention development. (PsycINFO Database Record
Dental Students' Evaluations of Practice Management Education and Interest in Business-Related Training: Exploring Attitudes Towards DDS/DMD-MBA Programs.

Being well prepared for a competitive business environment is crucial for future dentists. The aims of this study were to assess dental students’ satisfaction with their practice management education, their current and future interest in business-related education and attending a DDS/DMD-MBA program, and the relationship between their demographic and other characteristics and their business education-related responses. The study, conducted in 2016 and 2017, surveyed students in all four years at the authors’ home school and at other schools that did not have a DDS/DMD-MBA program. At the home school, 273 students responded (response rate 63%); and 341 students from 11 of the 51 U.S. dental schools without a DDS/DMD-MBA program responded (respondents were from 21% of schools invited; the response rate of those students could not be calculated). The responding students disagreed that their school adequately prepared them for the business aspects of dentistry (mean=2.42 on a scale from 1=disagree strongly to 5=agree strongly). Large majorities agreed/strongly agreed that dentistry is a career that requires a certain amount of business acumen (95%) and that they were very interested in learning about business (85%). A total of 68% agreed/strongly agreed that their school should offer a dual DDS/DMD-MBA degree and 63% that they would consider enrolling in such a program. The more advanced the respondents were, the less satisfied they were with their practice management education (r=−0.20; p
Thermal landscapes in a changing climate: biological implications of water temperature patterns in an extreme year

Record-breaking droughts and high temperatures in 2015 across the Pacific Northwest, USA, provide an opportunistic glimpse into potential future thermal regimes of rivers and their implications for...
Timed Feeding Protocols While Consuming a High Fat Diet Do Not Alter Gut Fungal Populations (OR23-06-19)

The gut microbiome participates in host metabolic regulation. While the vast majority of microbiome research has focused on bacterial populations, other microorganisms also colonize the mammalian intestine and likely play functionally important roles in host metabolism. The objective of current study was to characterize the role of dietary composition and timing strategies upon gut fungal populations. C57BL/6 male mice were randomized to a Chow diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks, followed by a switch from HFD to 1) Chow (sChow), 2) Purified High Fiber – Daniel Fast (DF), 3) HFD ad lib, 4) HFD time restricted (TRF), 5) HFD alternative day fasting (ADF), or 6) HFD 60% caloric restriction (CR) for an additional 8 weeks. Ileal, cecal and serial fecal samples were collected for next generation sequencing of ITS2 rRNA to examine the gut mycobiome. We observed dramatic reductions in alpha diversity in fecal fungal populations when animals consumed the HFD compared with Chow. HFD resulted in dramatic reduction in the relative abundance of the fungal order Saccharomyces, with a concomitant increases in the genus Candida and Hanseniaspora. In response to dietary switch from HFD to Chow, fungal taxonomic composition, alpha, and beta diversity transitioned to a population clustering more similarity with Chow by weeks 4 and 8 of intervention. After 8 weeks on the respective dietary interventions, alpha diversity of the ileal, cecal and fecal fungal population in mice consuming DF or various HFD fasting protocols remained similar to the HFD controls. Saccharomycetales remained the dominant genus present in HFD and DF groups. However, amongst these groups, the DF group (fecal sample) showed the greatest increase in Saccharomyces, but time-restricted feeding protocols also showed increased levels of Saccharomyces. While fasting protocols on HFD are associated with improved metabolic outcomes, these data demonstrate that – similar to microbial populations within the microbiome – diet remains the largest driver of microorganism community composition. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation into the role of dietary timing strategies upon the gut fungal communities ever reported. University of Memphis. Children's Foundation Research Institute, Memphis.
Little Cold Warriors: American childhood in the 1950s

‘American childhood in the 1950s’, Victoria Grieve writes, ‘is best understood as an era of political mobilization’ (1). This bold statement opens her story of how government and private (but often...
The Impact of Deposition Temperature on Sodium Fluoride Recrystallization in Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 Solar Cells

Deposited CIGS layers typically undergo a NaF post deposition treatment (PDT) to improve the electrical properties of the deposited films. These NaF annealing processes can also be used to recrystallize CIGS films. To determine the effect of NaF as a fluxing agent, CIGS was deposited at varying substrate temperatures. In-situ annealing with NaF was then done to determine how the initial grain structure energy impacts recrystallization. Gallium appears to be a significant deterrent to recrystallization; the most crystallized film experienced a phase segregation between CIS and gallium containing compounds. By investigating these phase separations more, it might be feasible that a process of rapidly depositing CIGS at extremely low temperatures could create films of sufficient quality to be economically viable.
Children's history of suicidal ideation and synchrony of facial displays of affect during mother–child interactions

Background Suicidal thoughts and behavior can begin early in childhood and are a leading cause of death in youth. Although specific mechanisms of risk remain largely unknown, theorists and researchers highlight the importance of the parent-child relationship. The current study focused on one aspect of this relationship: the dynamic exchange of facial affect during interactions. Specifically, we examined the relation between children's history of suicidal ideation (SI) and synchrony of facial expressions during positive and negative mother-child interactions. Methods Participants were 353 mother-child dyads. Of these, 44 dyads included a child with an SI history. Dyads engaged in positive and negative discussions during which their facial electromyography was recorded from mothers and children to index second-to-second changes in positive (zygomaticus) and negative (corrugator) facial affect. Results Child SI dyads were characterized specifically by reduced synchrony of positive facial affect during the positive discussion compared to dyads without child SI. Conclusions These findings suggest child SI dyads exhibit reduced synchrony of normative positive expressions during mother-child interactions. If replicated and extended in longitudinal research, these results may help to explain one mechanism of risk among children with SI.
Epidemiology of selected mental disorders in later life

Abstract Mental health and substance use disorders have traditionally held a lower priority than communicable and noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. As global health began to shift from a focus on mortality alone to morbidity and associated burden in the 1990s, efforts to document and improve mental health became increasingly important. Mental health and substance use disorders comprise a substantial component of burden and disability. The chronicity of these disorders is particularly notable. This chapter presents the epidemiology of selected mental disorders in later life, which typically refers to ages 65 years and older. The focus is on both the prevalence of the most common mental disorders as well as a review of the evidence for associated risk factors for these conditions. We survey the epidemiology of disorders we deem most relevant to aging and mental health, with particular emphasis on depressive and neurocognitive disorders, given the prevalence and associated adverse outcomes in this age group.
Teaching Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression Is Critical in 21st-Century Science Education: Key Concepts & Teaching Strategies

The field of epigenetics is progressing rapidly and becoming indispensable to the study of fundamental gene regulation. Recent advances are redefining our understanding of core components that regulate gene expression during development and in human diseases. Scientific knowledge on the importance of epigenetic regulation is now well known and accepted, and it is not surprising to see epigenetics being introduced into many biology curricula at the high school and college levels. Yet the core concepts of epigenetic regulation are differently perceived by the academic communities. Therefore, it is critical that fundamental concepts of epigenetic regulation are taught to the next generation in a simple yet precise manner to avoid any misconceptions. To that end, this article starts by distilling the extensive scientific literature on epigenetic control of gene regulation into a simple primer on the core fundamental concepts. Next and more importantly, it provides suggestions for student-friendly classroom practices and activities that are centered on these core concepts to ensure that students both recognize and retain knowledge on the importance of epigenetic control in eukaryotic gene regulation.
Ganglioside Involvement in Tumor Cell—Substratum Interactions

The process of human tumor proliferation and metastasis undoubtedly involves surface structures that interface with the local environment, i.e., extracellular matrix and host tissue. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the molecular and cell biological events at the tumor cell surface that are associated with proliferation and metastasis. To this end, a major research effort has been directed toward understanding the molecular events associated with tumor cell-substratum interactions under the assumption that to metastasize, a tumor cell must be able to attach and invade the basement membrane. A number of investigators have developed monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed to a variety of surface antigens that have allowed for the initial characterization of some of the surface structures involved in cell-substratum interactions. Several of these MAbs define carbohydrate antigens present on glycoproteins, proteoglycans, or glycolipids, which comprise the tumor cell glycocalyx, the portion of the tumor cell surface that makes initial contact with its environment. Recent technological advances have enabled investigators to completely characterize the structure of a number of rather complex tumor-associated antigens defined by MAbs recognizing carbohydrate epitopes.(1–12)
Evolution of the N =20 and 28 shell gaps and two-particle-two-hole states in the FSU interaction

The authors present a empirical nuclear shell model interaction and use it to interpret the structure of the sd-shell nuclei.
COVID-19 Prevention via the Science of Habit Formation

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to claim lives worldwide. We propose that the science of habit formation offers strategies to increase adherence to COVID-19 prevention behaviors a...
Clade-Specific Plastid Inheritance Patterns Including Frequent Biparental Inheritance in Passiflora Interspecific Crosses

Plastid inheritance in angiosperms is presumed to be largely maternal, with the potential to inherit plastids biparentally estimated for about 20% of species. In Passiflora, maternal, paternal and biparental inheritance has been reported; however, these studies were limited in the number of crosses and progeny examined. To improve the understanding of plastid transmission in Passiflora, the progeny of 45 interspecific crosses were analyzed in the three subgenera: Passiflora, Decaloba and Astrophea. Plastid types were assessed following restriction digestion of PCR amplified plastid DNA in hybrid embryos, cotyledons and leaves at different developmental stages. Clade-specific patterns of inheritance were detected such that hybrid progeny from subgenera Passiflora and Astrophea predominantly inherited paternal plastids with occasional incidences of maternal inheritance, whereas subgenus Decaloba showed predominantly maternal and biparental inheritance. Biparental plastid inheritance was also detected in some hybrids from subgenus Passiflora. Heteroplasmy due to biparental inheritance was restricted to hybrid cotyledons and first leaves with a single parental plastid type detectable in mature plants. This indicates that in Passiflora, plastid retention at later stages of plant development may not reflect the plastid inheritance patterns in embryos. Passiflora exhibits diverse patterns of plastid inheritance, providing an excellent system to investigate underlying mechanisms in angiosperms.
Depression, anxiety, and quality of life

Abstract Depression and anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric disorders and have a negative impact on the quality of life (QOL). However, there is no standardized measure of QOL for routine clinical practice. Symptom severity of depression and anxiety are key factors for poor QOL. Psychotropics for depression and anxiety and psychotherapy, especially cognitive behavior therapy, are effective in improving QOL. Depression and anxiety symptoms with medical diseases are highly prevalent and commonly undiagnosed and undertreated. Treatment of depression and anxiety in medical conditions is an urgent unmet need.
Culturally Attuned Behavior Therapy for Anxiety and Depression in Asian Americans: Addressing Racial Microaggressions and Deconstructing the Model Minority Myth

Abstract Extant research has shown that racial discrimination and microaggressions can have negative effects on anxiety and depression among Asian Americans. However, not much has been published regarding how to process and integrate experiences of racism into culturally attuned behavior therapy specifically for Asian Americans. In this article, I describe the process of culturally attuned behavior therapy for two Asian American clients, with an emphasis on integrating racial microaggressions into exposures for social anxiety, and deconstructing the model minority stereotype through value-driven behavioral activation for depression. Cultural attunements common to both case examples are then summarized, alongside practical recommendations for clinicians. Limits to generalizability are also discussed. Finally, the article closes by addressing the importance of cultural humility in effective culturally attuned behavior therapy with Asian Americans.
The Dual-Agency Problem of Labor Union Pension Fund Shareholder Activism

Through their pension funds, labor unions have grown increasingly active as shareholders over the last 2 decades. As shareholders, research suggests that to some extent unions exhibit behaviors similar to other institutional investor groups consistent with the fiduciary responsibility that pension funds have to their constituents. However, evidence discussed in this paper shows that unions may also engage in shareholder activism as a means of addressing particularistic interests that set them apart from their institutional investor peers arising from the responsibility that unions have to their workers as representative agents. In this paper I argue that this dual agency presents a dilemma for unions, presenting them with a potential “Catch-22” in which pursuing their responsibility under one agency role runs directly contrary to their responsibility under the other.
Evidence that increasing self-concept clarity tends to reduce the role of emotional contagion in predicting one's emotional intelligence regarding a romantic partner

Abstract In two studies, we tested the associations between self-concept clarity and romantic-partner-focused emotional intelligence, using self-report measures of both constructs. In Study 1, in the data from two online samples (ns = 205 and 217), we found evidence of a curvilinear relationship between self-concept clarity and romantic-partner-focused emotional intelligence. This evidence showed that individuals with low and high (but not moderate) levels of self-concept clarity reported having higher levels of ability to manage, appraise, and regulate the emotions of their romantic partner. In Study 2 (n = 217), we conceptually replicated these patterns of curvilinear findings with the Sense of Self Scale (SOSS). We also found that these curvilinear effects were influenced by the participants' emotional contagion tendencies in a manner suggesting that increasing self-concept clarity tends to reduce the role of emotional contagion in predicting partner-focused emotional intelligence. Specifically, emotional contagion plays a strong role in partner-focused emotional intelligence when self-concept clarity is low, but it plays a notably weaker role when self-concept clarity is high. These findings suggest a shift toward a more nuanced understanding of a partner's emotions that is based on increasing clarity about how self and partner are different in this regard.
Translating Monastic Lessons to Teaching Undergraduate Biology

My participation in the Emory Tibet Science Initiative (ETSI) has afforded me considerable means to enrich my teaching at the undergraduate level. Here, I discuss how I translated lessons learned from working with Tibetan Monks to teaching in a primarily undergraduate institution, including: 1) introducing each course with a challenge to the assumptions made as “Western scientists” 2) using the unique monastic pedagogy of debate to facilitate classroom scholarship, and 3) embracing compassion as a central tenet to engage and empower student learning, which has become the cornerstone of my teaching philosophy. In addition, I brought undergraduates with me to participate , in ETSI and the experience had a profound effect on their educational and career paths. These experiences with the Tibetan monks transformed my teaching and continue to inform how I approach undergraduate education.
The Regularity of Critical Points of Polyconvex Functionals

In this paper we are concerned with the question of regularity of critical points for functionals of the type eq1 We construct a smooth, strongly polyconvex eq2, and Lipschitzian weak solutions eq3 to the corresponding Euler-Lagrange system, which are nowhere C1. Moreover we show that F can be chosen in such a way that these irregular weak solutions are weak local minimisers.
TIMCOAT: An Integrated Fuel Performance Model for Coated Particle Fuel

An integrated fuel performance model for coated particle fuel has been developed to comprehensively study the behavior of TRISO-coated fuel. Modeling of both pebble-bed and prismatic configurations is possible. In the case of the pebble-bed concept, refueling of pebbles is simulated to account for the nonuniform environment in the reactor core and history-dependent particle behavior. Monte Carlo sampling of particles is employed in fuel failure prediction to capture the statistical features of dimensions; material properties; and, in the case of the pebble-bed concept, the statistical nature of the refueling process. An advanced fuel failure model has been developed based on a probabilistic fracture mechanics approach. The mechanical analysis includes effects of anisotropic irradiation-induced dimensional changes and isotropic irradiation-induced creep, and the fluence-dependent Poisson ratio in irradiation creep. The stress analysis is benchmarked against the calculations of Japanese High Temperature Test Reactor (HTTR) first-loading fuel and finite element result on one case performed by the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory. The failure model predictions are compared with NPR1, NPR2, and NPR1A capsule irradiation data. The model results compare very favorably with postirradiation examination results both in terms of failure probability, number of failed particles, and Kr{sup 85m} R/B evolution duringmore » irradiation.« less
Synthesis and Anti-HIV-1 Activity of Hydroxybutenyl C6-Thiophenyl Thymine Nucleoside Analogues

New acyclic hydroxybutenyl C6-thiophenyl thymine nucleoside analogues of 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]6-(phenylthio)thymine (HEPT), have been designed, synthesized and tested as potential anti-HIV-1 agents in ATH8 cell lines. The hydroxybutenyl C6-thiophenyl thymine compounds were prepared by alkylation of thymine with cis- or trans-1,4-dichlorobutene to give chloro compounds which were then hydrolysed to give alcohols. After protecting the 4′-hydroxy with t-butyldimethylsilyl, the resultant compounds were selectively reacted with lithium diisopropylamine and treated with diphenylsulphide to give C6-thiophenyl analogues. The C6-thiophenyl thymine nucleoside analogues were isolated by hydrolysis. All chloro and hydroxy compounds were tested for percentage cell viability in HIV-1-infected ATH8 cell line and were found to be moderately effective when compared with azidothymidine. Unsubstituted thymine alcohols showed 40–55% cell viability at 0–5 μM concentrations compared with 15–18% for C6-thiophenyl-substituted thymine alcohols.