cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optical Implementation of Grover’s Algorithm: It’s all Done with Mirrors

The essential operations of a quantum computer can all be accomplished using only standard linear optical elements (e.g., beamsplitters, waveplates, polarizers, etc.), with the individual bits represented by different spatial orpolarization degrees of freedom. The difference from a genuine quantum computer with distinct entangleable registers is that the optical implementation requires a number of elements which grows exponentially with the number of bits. However, by “compiling” the code, and making multiple use of redundant components, the required number of elements can be substantially reduced, allowing the realization of quantum algorithms involving several bits. Here we present a simple optical implementation of Grover’s algorithm for efficiently searching a database. In our example a database of four elements is searched with a single query, in contrast to the classical expected value of 2.25 queries. It is seen that the “quantum” computer in this case is no more than an interferometer, albeit a complicated one.
An Anger-Management Workshop for Women Inmates:

Approximately one million persons are in prisons and jails across the United States. For 10 years, concern has been growing about the lack of mental health services provided to these inmates. In th...
Implementation and Outcomes of Universal Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping at Term.

Objective To evaluate the implementation of an institutional protocol for universal delayed umbilical cord clamping (DCC) at term on maternal, neonatal, and umbilical cord blood gas outcomes. Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of singleton term gestations from April through July 2017. On June 1, 2017, a protocol was implemented for DCC in all deliveries. Outcomes were compared between patients delivered prior to and those delivered after implementation. The primary outcome was postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Secondary outcomes were additional adverse maternal, neonatal, and umbilical cord blood gas outcomes. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for potential confounders. Results Of 682 patients, 341 were delivered preprotocol and 341 were delivered postprotocol. After implementation, there was 91.8% adherence to the protocol. Overall, there was no significant difference in PPH between patients delivered preprotocol and those delivered postprotocol (8.2 vs. 13.2%; adjusted relative risk [aRR]: 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98–1.51). There was a significant decrease in the ability to obtain paired arterial and venous umbilical cord blood gases from preprotocol to postprotocol (83 vs. 63.6%; aRR: 0.62 [95% CI: 0.50–0.76]). There were no significant differences in abnormal umbilical cord blood gases or neonatal outcomes. Conclusion We did not find an increased risk of adverse outcomes associated with the widespread use of DCC.
Broad-Time-Horizon Solar Power Prediction and PV Performance Degradation Research at the University of Arizona

An overview of University of Arizona cooperative research efforts towards enhanced solar powerprediction over PV system operational lifetime is provided. Integration of established research programs in power forecasting (including irradiance and irradiance-to-power modeling) and indevice and system-level performance degradation studies offer new opportunities to address solar power prediction needs over short- and long-term time horizons.
Abstract 435: Post-transcriptional Regulation of Tropomyosin Isoforms Altered in Human Heart Diseases

Background: Tropomyosin 1 (TPM1) is a coiled coil protein that forms polymers along with the actin filament, and it is required for myofibril organization, myocardial contraction, and cardiac devel...
Excess Electrons on Reduced AnO2 (111) Surfaces (An = Th, U, Pu) and Their Impacts on Catalytic Water Splitting

Excess electrons from intrinsic oxygen vacancies play a key role in the surface chemistry and catalytic properties of metal oxides. This effect is particularly critical in actinide dioxides (AnO2),...
Nipping Temptation in the Bud: Examining Strategic Self-Control in Daily Life:

Self-control is often thought to be reactive and focused solely on the inhibition of responses elicited by temptations. In two studies, we assessed whether self-control can instead (a) be planned and (b) target the antecedents of the response to temptation. We assessed self-control planning, four antecedent-focused self-control strategies (i.e., situation-selection, situation-modification, distraction, and reappraisal) and one response-focused strategy (i.e., response-inhibition). In both studies, we found that self-control planning predicted the initiation of self-control independently of temptation. Each antecedent-focused self-control strategy uniquely predicted goal-progress. Response-inhibition did not produce consistent effects on goal-progress. These studies provide evidence that people proactively initiate self-control by targeting the antecedents of temptation and that doing so supports goal-progress.
Evaluation of Octaethyl-7,17-dioxobacteriochlorin as a Ligand for Transition Metals

The propensity of octaethyl-7,17-dioxobacteriochlorin toward the formation of transition metal complexes was evaluated. A variety of MII ions (M = Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pd, Ag, and Cd) and Fe(III) could be inserted using standard methodologies or, more often, using more forcing conditions. The stable products were spectroscopically characterized. The solid-state structures of the Ni(II), Cu(II), Pd(II), and Ag(II) complexes could also be determined by single crystal X-ray diffractometry, whereby the [7,17-dioxobacteriochlorinato] chromophore was found to be largely planar in all cases. The rate of Zn(II) insertion into octaethyl-7,17-dioxobacteriochlorin was less than half that into the corresponding 7-oxochlorin, which itself was about half the rate into the parent octaethylporphyrin. These rate differences reflect the relative decreased basicity of the β-oxo-substituted chromophores and possibly also their decreased conformational flexibility. We compare the basicity of the dioxobacteriochlorin to that of a range of related products of varying reduction state (porphyrin, chlorin, bacteriochlorin), an isomer, and the absence or presence of oxo-functionality, like oxochlorin, chlorin, oxobacteriochlorins, and bacteriochlorin, quantifying the effects of these macrocycle modifications. The work rationalizes earlier reports of the inability of tolyporphin A, a natural product possessing a 7,17-dioxobacteriochlorin chromophore, to form metal complexes and provide a more quantitative understanding of the degree of modulation that β-oxo groups have on the coordination properties of porphyrinoids.
The Role of Crosstalk between AR3 and E2F1 in Drug Resistance in Prostate Cancer Cells.

Background: Drug resistance is one of the most prevalent causes of death in advanced prostate cancer patients. Combination therapies that target cancer cells via different mechanisms to overcome resistance have gained increased attention in recent years. However, the optimal drug combinations and the underlying mechanisms are yet to be fully explored. Aim and methods: The aim of this study is to investigate drug combinations that inhibit the growth of drug-resistant cells and determine the underlying mechanisms of their actions. In addition, we also established cell lines that are resistant to combination treatments and tested new compounds to overcome the phenomenon of double drug-resistance. Results: Our results show that the combination of enzalutamide (ENZ) and docetaxel (DTX) effectively inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells that are resistant to either drug alone. The downregulation of transcription factor E2F1 plays a crucial role in cellular inhibition in response to the combined therapy. Notably, we found that the androgen receptor (AR) variant AR3 (a.k.a. AR-V7), but not AR full length (AR-FL), positively regulates E2F1 expression in these cells. E2F1 in turn regulates AR3 and forms a positive regulatory feedforward loop. We also established double drug-resistant cell lines that are resistant to ENZ+DTX combination therapy and found that the expression of both AR3 and E2F1 was restored in these cells. Furthermore, we identified that auranofin, an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, overcame drug resistance and inhibited the growth of drug-resistant prostate cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion and significance: This proof-of-principle study demonstrates that targeting the E2F1/AR3 feedforward loop via a combination therapy or a multi-targeting drug could circumvent castration resistance in prostate cancer.
Predicting prolonged length of stay after endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma.

BACKGROUND Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETS) for the resection of pituitary adenoma has become more common throughout the past decade. Although most patients have a short postoperative hospitalization, others require a more prolonged stay. We aimed to identify predictors for prolonged hospitalization in the setting of ETS for pituitary adenomas. METHODS A retrospective chart review as performed on 658 patients undergoing ETS for pituitary adenoma at a single tertiary care academic center from 2005 to 2019. Length of stay (LoS) was defined as date of surgery to date of discharge. Patients with LoS in the top 10th percentile (prolonged LoS [PLS] >4 days, N = 72) were compared with the remainder (standard LoS [SLS], N = 586). RESULTS The average age was 54 years and 52.5% were male. The mean LoS was 2.1 days vs 7.5 days (SLS vs PLS). On univariate analysis, atrial fibrillation (p = 0.002), hypertension (p = 0.033), partial tumor resection (p < 0.001), apoplexy (p = 0.020), intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (ioCSF) leak (p = 0.001), nasoseptal flap (p = 0.049), postoperative diabetes insipidus (DI) (p = 0.010), and readmission within 30 days (p = 0.025) were significantly associated with PLS. Preoperative continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) (odds ratio, 15.144; 95% confidence interval, 2.596-88.346; p = 0.003) and presence of an ioCSF leak (OR, 10.362; 95% CI, 2.143-50.104; p = 0.004) remained significant on multivariable analysis. CONCLUSION For patients undergoing ETS for pituitary adenomas, an ioCSF leak or preoperative use of CPAP predicted PLS. Additional common reasons for PLS included postoperative CSF leak (10 of 72), management of DI or hypopituitarism (15 of 72), or reoperation due to surgical or medical complications (14 of 72).
Teaching Non-Majors Hydroponics: PBL in Higher Education.

We designed an interdisciplinary project-based learning course in hydroponics for undergraduate non-science major students. Students worked in teams to design, build, and maintain plants in various...
Health Behavior Change in the Classroom: A Means to a Healthy End?

Obesity is a serious public health problem within the United States. One promising approach to obesity prevention is health behavior change among college students, focusing on diet, sleep, and exercise. However, it remains unclear whether a health behavior change promotion program implemented in the classroom will effectively improve these health behaviors and negative outcomes related to obesity, particularly within classes of different topics. We examined the impact of a 6-week health behavior change program based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. Across several years, with two seemingly distinct samples of students from either a health psychology (n = 433) or a home gardening (n = 155) course, we conducted two studies and employed a single group, pre/post design in which self-reported and objectively measured health outcomes were assessed for change relative to the health promotion program. Participants selected one of three health behaviors and sought to meet current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations by setting goals, tracking behavior, and meeting with social support groups. Within both studies, dramatic changes emerged in the targeted health behaviors of fruit and vegetable consumption, sleep quantity and quality, and exercise. Moreover, several other health indicators improved among our subjective and objective health variables, and a few outcomes (i.e., subjective health, sleep quality, flexibility, loneliness) improved across all health behavior groups. Collectively, these results suggest this health behavior change program may be an effective way to elicit behavior change and highlight avenues for future remediation and prevention of obesity and related disease.
The New Peonage: Liberty and Precarity for Workers in the Gig Economy

According to a 2016 Time Magazine article, over 14 million people currently work in the “gig,” “on demand,” or “sharing” economy. In the past 10 years, 94% of net new jobs have appeared outside of traditional employment. The gig economy presents a paradox for workers in the United States. On its face, the “gig” economy represents the height of liberty. Part-time, temporary and platform workers are not tied to any single employer, and can theoretically choose when to work, and whom they want to work for. However, while workers in the gig economy enjoy nominal autonomy, they also lack many protections to which employees are legally entitled. Gig economy workers lack job security and must constantly search for new work. Most gig economy workers do not receive health insurance, pensions, or other benefits from their employers. The reality of the gig economy is greater economic inequality, insecurity, and precarity. The recent COVID crisis has exposed this reality and heightened the vulnerability of gig economy workers. Despite the promise of liberty in the gig economy, workers are increasingly subject to a new form of peonage, exploitative practices reminiscent of slavery and involuntary servitude. This article starts from first-hand accounts and empirical research and applies an inter-disciplinary approach to understanding what liberty of contract means, and can mean, to workers in the gig economy. It explores the ideology of liberty of contract and presents an alternative approach, the freedom from undue coercion promised by the Thirteenth Amendment. This is the first to article to consider what the Thirteenth Amendment could mean for gig economy workers. It draws on the work of labor scholars who have largely focused on the question of whether gig economy workers should be classified as employees, and constitutional scholars exploring what the promise of liberty in the Thirteenth Amendment means for United States workers. The Thirteenth Amendment offers a promise to these workers, a promise of freedom from undue coercion. However, that promise has yet to be enforced.
Prevalence of Genetic Diseases in Four Basic Health Units Located in Bahia State

As doencas geneticas afetam cerca de 3 a 10% da populacao mundial e representam um importante causa de morbimortalidade infantil no Brasil. Diante dessa realidade, tornam-se necessarios estudos mais aprofundados sobre as caracteristicas clinicas e epidemiologicas dessas doencas para um sistema de saude mais efetivo e abrangente. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar a prevalencia de doencas geneticas nos pacientes atendidos em quatro Unidades Basicas de Saude (UBS), localizadas no municipio de Paulo Afonso, Bahia. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, exploratorio e documental, baseado em dados secundarios obtidos por meio de consulta aos prontuarios dos usuarios assistidos por quatro UBS, durante o periodo de 2015 a 2018. Os dados encontrados foram apresentados na forma de numeros absolutos e relativos, considerando uma prevalencia estimada de 10% na populacao em geral, um erro de amostragem relativo a 5% e um nivel de confianca de 95%. As doencas com maiores prevalencias foram a sindrome de Down (27,78%), fenda palatina (16,67%), doenca de Crohn, traco falciforme e epilepsia (11,10%, cada). As demais doencas geneticas apresentaram apenas um caso (5,56%). Evidenciou-se uma diferenca significativa na proporcao de doencas geneticas entre as comunidades estudadas (χ2 = 13,32; p = 0,003). Palavras-chave: Genetica Comunitaria. Atencao Primaria. Desordens Geneticas. Dados Secundarios Medicos. Doencas Hereditarias. Abstract Genetic diseases affect about 3 to 7% of the world population and represent an important cause of infant morbidity and mortality in Brazil. Thinking of this reality, more in-depth studies on the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of these diseases are necessary for the implementation of a more effective and comprehensive health system. The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence of genetic diseases in patients treated at four Basic Health Units (BHU), located in the city of Paulo Afonso, Bahia. This is a quantitative, exploratory and documentary study, based on secondary data obtained by consulting the users’ medical records assisted by four BHU, during the period from 2015 to 2018. The data were presented as both absolute and relative values, considering an estimated prevalence of 10% in the general population, a sampling error relative of 5% and a confidence level of 95%. It was noticed for the prevalenceof three noted disturbances in primary health clinics: Down’s syndrome, cleft palate and epilepsy. The disease with the highest prevalence was Down’s syndrome (27.78%), followed by cleft palate (16.67%), then Crohn's Disease, sickle cell trait, and epilepsy (11.10% each). The other genetic diseases presented only one case each (5.56%). It was evidenced that there is a difference in the proportion of genetic diseases among the studied communities (χ2 = 13.32; p = 0.003). Keywords: Community Genetics. Primary Attention. Genetic Disorders. Medical Secondary Data. Hereditary Diseases.
Organizing Legal Writing: The T-R-E-A-T Method - Explanation and Application Sections

This paper is an excerpt from Chapter 6 of Legal Writing and Analysis, Second Edition (Foundation Press 2015). Chapter 6 deals with "Organizing Legal Writing: The T-R-E-A-T Method," which presents the T-R-E-A-T organizational paradigm for legal writing. T-R-E-A-T represents a refinement of I-R-A-C and C-R-E-A-C and other structural forms for legal writing based on the logical rule-based reasoning syllogism. Chapter 6 discusses the T (thesis headings), R (rule sections), E (explanation sections), A (application sections), and T (thesis restated as a conclusion). This excerpt presents the material on explanation sections and application sections. Thus, the excerpt covers the process of explaining rules and engaging in analogical reasoning through explanatory synthesis and case-by-case presentations. It contains many examples comparing synthesized explanation and application sections and unsynthesized, case-by-case comparisons.
The Struggle Begins Early: Head Start and the Mississippi Freedom Movement

Floree Smith, a teacher in Marion County, Mississippi remembered that participating in the Head Start program “made a difference in our lives, our home lives, our church lives, and it made it so beautiful and it was a help for the children and it was a help to us too.” The program etched in Mrs. Smith's memory involves Mississippi teachers, sharecroppers, store clerks, preachers, landowners, civil rights activists, and other local people who galvanized the Freedom Movement and democratized the field of education by organizing 280 Head Start centers that served 21,000 children across the state of Mississippi during the summer of 1965. This article examines the history of Head Start, a federally funded program, whose conceptualization emerged in earlier phases of the Civil Rights Movement in order to provide education, nourishing meals, medical services, and a positive social environment for children about to enter the first grade. While Head Start was implemented in states other than Mississippi, a focus on the development of Head Start in Mississippi is particularly significant because it illuminates the ways in which local people placed equitable educational access and opportunity at the center of the broader Civil Rights Movement and broadens our understanding of how local people used, and in several cases essentially created, federal programs to address deeply contextual issues. Furthermore, by illuminating the significance of Head Start and thus federal programs within the Civil Rights Movement, this article demonstrates how the rise of the New Right in the mid and late 1960s was a reaction to a racialized “Welfare State” and the programs like Head Start associated with it.
Closed Due to Rabies

In most areas of the world where the disease is endemic, dogs and other carnivores remain the common sources of human rabies virus infection, resulting in little change over time in the epidemiology of the disease. Routine public health activities consisting of animal rabies control, health communication and education, and preexposure prophylaxis and postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) will remain the most cost-effective methods for preventing human rabies. The most effective way to prevent exposure to rabies is to educate the public to avoid contact with all wild and unfamiliar domestic animals. Each year in the United States, as many as 40,000 persons receive rabies PEP and perhaps as many as 20,000 receive preexposure vaccination. The importance of immediate and thorough washing of all bite wounds and scratches with soap and water cannot be overemphasized, since it may, in itself, be one of the most effective measures for preventing rabies; tetanus prophylaxis and measures to control bacterial infection should be given as necessary. The regimen for preexposure vaccination consists of three 1.0-ml doses (0.5 ml for purified Vero cell rabies vaccine) given i.m. in the deltoid area on days 0, 7, and 21 or 28. Americans planning to travel to or reside in countries where canine rabies is enzootic should be informed about the risk of rabies and consider the possible benefits of rabies preexposure vaccination.
Evaluating nurse staffing patterns and neonatal intensive care unit outcomes using Levine’s conservation model of nursing

mefford l.c. & alligood m.r. (2011) Journal of Nursing Management19, 998–1011 Evaluating nurse staffing patterns and neonatal intensive care unit outcomes using Levine’s conservation model of nursing Aims To explore the influences of intensity of nursing care and consistency of nursing caregivers on health and economic outcomes using Levine’s Conservation Model of Nursing as the guiding theoretical framework. Background Professional nursing practice models are increasingly being used although limited research is available regarding their efficacy. Method A structural equation modelling approach tested the influence of intensity of nursing care (direct care by professional nurses and patient–nurse ratio) and consistency of nursing caregivers on morbidity and resource utilization in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) setting using primary nursing. Results Consistency of nursing caregivers served as a powerful mediator of length of stay and the duration of mechanical ventilation, supplemental oxygen therapy and parenteral nutrition. Analysis of nursing intensity indicators revealed that a mix of professional nurses and assistive personnel was effective. Conclusions Providing consistency of nursing caregivers may significantly improve both health and economic outcomes. New evidence was found to support the efficacy of the primary nursing model in the NICU. Implications for nursing management Designing nursing care delivery systems in acute inpatient settings with an emphasis on consistency of nursing caregivers could improve health outcomes, increase organizational effectiveness, and enhance satisfaction of nursing staff, patients, and families.
Chapter 14: Molecular Determinants of Voltage Gating of Gap Junctions Formed by Connexin32 and 26

Publisher Summary Gap junctions formed by the vertebrate connexin gene family can display multiple forms of voltage dependence. All vertebrate gap junctions are sensitive to the voltage difference between coupled cells (transjunctional voltage, V j ), while some are also sensitive to the voltage difference between the cytoplasm or channel interior and the extracellular space (inside–outside voltage, V i-o or V m ). The V j dependence of intercellular gap junction channels is remarkable in that it depends solely on the relative difference in the resting membrane potential of coupled cells (V j ) and not on the absolute membrane potential (V m ) of either cell. This suggests that the transjunctional voltage sensor lies within or in close proximity to the large aqueous pore of the gap junction channel and near the cytoplasmic surface of the channel, as in this position, the voltage sensor could sense changesin V j but would be insensitive to changes in V m . Strong V m dependence is a property that is generally associated with gap junctions found between pairs of invertebrate cells. These gap junctions are presumably encoded by the innexin gene family that has little primary sequence homology to the vertebrate connexin gene family. This chapter summarizes the results of the molecular genetic and biophysical studies of V j gating of intercellular channels formed by two closely related connexins, Cx32 and Cx26.
„Persoana vizată”, titularul dreptului la protecţia datelor personale: anonimizarea şi pseudoanonimizarea (The Data Subject, Titulaire of the Right to Data Protection: The Case of Anonymization and Pseudonymization)

„Persoana vizata” este titularul dreptului subiectiv la protecţia datelor personale, acesta fiind astfel identificat in legea de transpunere in dreptul intern român a Directivei 95/46 privind protecţia datelor personale. Acest studiu isi propune sa analizeze condiţiile in care persoana poate deveni „persoana vizata”, si, deci, se poate bucura de sistemul de protecţie a datelor personale. Astfel, va fi abordata problema calitaţii subiectului de drept – poate fi acesta si persoana juridica, sau numai persoana fizica? De asemenea, vor fi analizate conceptele anonimizarii si pseudoanonimizarii, având in vedere legislaţiile naţionala si europeana actuale, dar si proiectele de reforma ale domeniului protecţiei datelor in Uniunea Europeana (UE). Concluziile vor arata, pe de o parte, ca si persoana juridica se poate bucura, in situaţii excepţionale, de protecţia datelor private, iar pe de alta parte, ca pseudoanonimizarea are potenţialul sa raspunda in egala masura nevoii de protecţie a individului in era digitalizata, precum si intereselor operatorilor de date. Singura condiţie in acest sens este ca pseudoanonimizarea sa fie reglementata raţional in pachetul de reforma dezbatut in prezent in UE. “The data subject” is the “titulaire” (fr.) of the subjective right to the protection of personal data, being identified as such by the transposition law into the Romanian legal system of the Data Protection Directive (Directive 95/46). This study aims to analyze the conditions under which the person can enjoy the system of protection of her personal data. Hence, it will tackle the problem of the “quality” of the data subject – can the data subject ever be a legal person, or must it always be a natural person? It will also analyze the concepts of anonymization and pseudonymization, having regard to both the national and European legal provisions, as well as to the EU data protection reform package. The conclusions will show, on the one hand, that the legal person can have its private data protected under exceptionally situations and only in certain fields, and on the other hand that pseudonymization has the potential to meet both the need of protection of the individual in the digitalized era and the interests of the data controllers. In order for this to happen, pseudonymization must be rationally regulated in the future European data protection law, which is currently under debate.
Malate utilization by a group D Streptococcus. II. Evidence for allosteric inhibition of an inducible malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) by ATP and glycolytic intermediate products.

Abstract 1. 1. An inducible malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) ( l -malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating), EC 1.1.1.39) from Streptococcus faecalis was shown to be subject to a product inhibition by nucleoside triphosphates and several glycolytic intermediates. 2. 2. The glycolytic intermediate products, fructose 1,6-diphosphate, 3-phosphoglyceric acid and 6-phosphogluconate acted as competitive inhibitors for the substrate while ATP was an apparent competitive inhibitor for both substrate and cofactor. 3. 3. Kinetic and thermal inactivation studies indicated the four inhibitors could be classified as negative allosteric effectors; under appropriate conditions fructose 1,6-diphosphate and 3-phosphoglyceric acid enhanced the reaction rate of the malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating). 4. 4. The physiological importance of the malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) feedback control to malate utilization by the organism is discussed.
Types of Commercial Real Estate

A wide array of opportunities is available to the potential commercial real estate investor. Such opportunities may be developed by the investor or acquired as existing facilities with a history of costs and revenues. Investment in this area is favored by the presence of tax shields from depreciation, interest rate offsets, and financial leverage. The value of existing commercial properties can be determined by capitalizing the anticipated cash flows associated with that property. The dynamic nature of the commercial real estate market generates a flow of opportunities as apartments, condos, shopping centers, restaurant sites, recreation facilities, motels, self-storage facilities, warehouses, office buildings, and manufacturing sites are continually brought to the market. Keywords: apartments; condominiums; shopping centers; restaurant; recreation facilities, motels; self-storage facilities; parking facilities; office buildings
Lesbian (In)Visibility in Italian Renaissance Culture

Current conceptualizations of sexual identity in the West are not necessarily useful to an historian investigating "lesbianism" in the social history and visual representations of different periods. After an overview of Renaissance documents treating donna con donna relations which examines the potentially positive effects of condemnation and silence, the paper focuses on Diana, the goddess of chastity, who bathed with her nymphs as an exemplar of female bodies preserved for heterosexual, reproductive pleasures. Yet the self-sufficiently and bodily contact sometimes represented in images of this secluded all-female gathering might suggest "deviant" responses from their viewers.
Sequential Testing of Series-Parallel Systems of Small Depth

We consider the problem of testing sequentially the components of a multi-component system, when testing the components is costly. We consider a polynomial time testing policy for series-parallel systems, and prove, generalising earlier results that it is cost-minimal in the average case sense, for two sub-families of series-parallel systems. We also demonstrate via examples that neither this algorithm nor some of its improved versions are optimal for general series-parallel systems, disproving some published claims.
On the use of Simpson's rule in renal models☆

Abstract The use of the Trapezoidal rule or the box-difference scheme in the solution of renal models is well known [1–3]. In this paper we develop an implicit form of Simpson's rule and use it to solve the test problem for renal models described recently in this journal [3,4]. We also show for this problem, how the differential equations associated with one of the tubes (ascending vasa recta) can be replaced by algebraic equations, thus eliminating the related truncation errors. Computational results are given showing the improvement in overall accuracy.
SeizAlert: Seizure forewarning via scalp EEG

SeizAlert is a low-cost, wearable device to forewarn of an impending epileptic seizure. The technology, covered by eight patents, presently uses brain-wave data from four scalp electrodes at the front of the scalp, removes eye-blink (and other muscular) artifacts that would otherwise confound the analysis, converts the artifact-filtered data into a statistical distribution function (DF), and compares the DF for the baseline period with subsequent DFs via statistical measures of dissimilarity. Several hours forewarning of an impending event is provided by multiple, successive occurrences of the dissimilarity measures above a threshold. The resultant total true rate is 93% with a false positive rate that is more than an order of magnitude below the clinically acceptable value. R&D Magazine awarded its prestigious R&D100 Award to SeizAlert in 2005 [1].
Dependence of off-energy-shell Brueckner reaction matrix elements for finite nuclei on the shape of the repulsive core

Abstract Off-energy-shell Brueckner reaction matrix elements for finite nuclei, which are required in any three or four body cluster calculation, are obtained for realistic hard- and soft-core interactions. Significant differences are found between the two interactions.
Function of the Novel Subdomain in the RNA Binding Domain of Transcription Termination Factor Rho from Micrococcus luteus

Transcription termination factor Rho from Micrococcus luteus, a high G + C Gram-positive bacterium, contains an unusual extra sequence within its RNA binding domain that is rich in Arg, Glu, and Asp residues and deficient in hydrophobic residues. To determine the role of this extra sequence, we compared the biochemical properties of a variant lacking nearly all the extra sequence, des(60-300) Rho, to that of wild-type M. luteus Rho. The two forms had very similar properties except that the des(60-300) Rho was unable to terminate transcription with Escherichia coli RNA polymerase at the promoter proximal sites used by the wild-type Rho on a lambda cro DNA template but could cause termination at more distal sites and did cause termination at proximal sites when ITP replaced GTP in the reaction mixture. The RNA binding properties of the two forms of this Rho with normal and inosine-substituted RNAs were found to correlate fully with their termination properties. These results indicate that the arginine-rich extra sequence is directly involved in the selection of the termination site and support the hypothesis that the sequence is present in M. luteus Rho to facilitate its binding to M. luteus transcripts, which are likely to have a high degree of base-paired secondary structure because of their high proportion of G residues.
Water reuse in the L‐lysine fermentation process

L-Lysine is produced commercially by fermentation. As is typical for fermentation processes, a large amount of liquid waste is generated. To minimize the waste, which is mostly the broth effluent from the cation exchange column used for l-lysine recovery, the authors investigated a strategy of recycling a large fraction of this broth effluent to the subsequent fermentation. This was done on a lab-scale process with Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 21253 as the l-lysine-producing organisms. Broth effluent from a fermentation in a defined medium was able to replace 75% of the water for the subsequent batch; this recycle ratio was maintained for 3 sequential batches without affecting cell mass and l-lysine production. Broth effluent was recycled at 50% recycle ratio in a fermentation in a complex medium containing beet molasses. The first recycle batch had an 8% lower final l-lysine level, but 8% higher maximum cell mass. In addition to reducing the volume of liquid waste, this recycle strategy has the additional advantage of utilizing the ammonium desorbed from the ion-exchange column as a nitrogen source in the recycle fermentation. The major problem of recycling the effluent from the complex medium was in the cation-exchange operation, where column capacity was 17% lowermore » for the recycle batch. The loss of column capacity probably results from the buildup of cations competing with l-lysine for binding.« less
Evolution of the Arabinosides and the Pharmacology of Fludarabine

An understanding of the pharmacokinetics of a drug is essential to the optimal design of the dose and schedule of chemotherapy protocols. As an extension, knowledge of the mechanism of drug action is necessary to construct the optimal strategy for combination chemotherapy. Nucleoside antimetabolites such as arabinosylcytosine, arabinosyladenine, and fludarabine are prodrugs that must enter cells and be phosphorylated to the respective triphosphates before they can elicit biological activity. DNA synthesis is the major metabolic target for this class of compounds. Common to members of the arabinosyl nucleoside class is the finding in experimental systems of a relationship between incorporation of each drug into DNA and the loss of clonogenicity. Although additional inhibitory mechanisms have been identified, they all require formation of the respective triphosphate. Thus, knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of the triphosphates in target cells and an understanding of the mechanisms by which these active forms of arabinosyl nucleosides kill cells are indispensable to the rational design of treatment protocols. This article considers the clinical development of arabinosyl nucleosides with respect to investigations of their pharmacokinetics and mechanisms of action. An understanding of these elements of arabinosyl nucleoside metabolism should provide a rationale for combinations with other chemotherapeutic agents and anticancer modalities.
Comparing the interpretations of CT pulmonary angiograms by attending and resident radiologists: can residents identify life-threatening pulmonary emboli in hospitalized patients?

Objective: CT pulmonary angiography is now often the first-line investigation for pulmonary emboli. When these studies are performed after hours in teaching hospitals, they are often initially interpreted by trainees. It is of great significance whether the interpretations of trainees and certified radiologists with regard to the presence of pulmonary emboli on CT pulmonary angiograms correspond, because of the morbidity and mortality of both the condition and its treatment. Material and methods: Twenty-five consecutive CT pulmonary angiograms (CTPAs) of hospitalized patients were viewed at lung and soft tissue windows both on a workstation and on hard copies, at the observers' discretion. Each CTPA was divided into 28 arterial zones based on pulmonary anatomy (including the subsegmental arteries), giving a total of 700 arterial zones, and analyzed retrospectively and independently by two cross-sectional imaging specialists and four residents. Each arterial segment was rated with regard to pulmonary embolus as either high, intermediate, or low probability or not visualized. The kappa (Κ) test, which tests for interobserver agreement, was used for statistical analysis. Results: At the time of the scan all patients were hospitalized for underlying conditions. Of the 25 patients studied, 9 were referred from the ICU, 7 experienced severe acute shortness of breath and respiratory failure, 5 were post-partum women, 2 had had a recent stroke, 1 patient had antithrombin III deficiency, and 1 had a diagnosis of breast cancer. The incidence of pulmonary emboli was 44%. For the main pulmonary arteries interobserver agreement was good (Κ=0.61) and for the segmental pulmonary arteries it was fair (Κ=0.26). For the subsegmental arteries interobserver agreement was poor (Κ=0.16). The zones where interobserver agreement was greatest (Κ>0.4) were the left main, left lower lobe, and the right main pulmonary arteries. Interobserver agreement was poorest (Κ<0.05) in the left interlobar, left lower lobe lateral basal segment, right lower lobe superior segment, and left lower lobe superior segment branches. None of the patients expired due to pulmonary emboli. Conclusion: Most life-threatening pulmonary emboli requiring urgent treatment are the more central emboli. This study demonstrates that trainees and certified radiologists can make similar conclusions regarding these central pulmonary emboli in hospitalized patients and that preliminary interpretations by trainees should not therefore adversely affect patient care.
Computer tutoring for programming education

Software is increasingly pervasive in the products we use. Consequently, more programmers are needed to develop the software. However, there is also an unmet demand on programming instructors. One possible solution to the increased demand is to complement human teaching with automated computer tutoring. Several examples of such computer tutors for programming already exist, however they have not found widespread success. In the operational world, there are several job-aids that support programmers in the field. Some of these job-aids reflect similar principles used in training tools, particularly scaffolding. Finally, several researchers in the realm of programming instruction indicate the importance of using a problem-based learning approach, or integrating learning and performance for learners. Thus, the paper concludes with questions revolving around how computer tutoring for programming may be enhanced, and lead to greater success, by developing an approach that similarly integrates performance and learning.
Valuate of Soil Conservation of Grassland Ecosystem with GIS and Remote Sensing Technology

In this study, we use d remote sensing and GIS technology to estimate the value of soil conservation. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) was used to estimate soil erosion quantity. The total amount of soil conservation of grassland ecosystem was 79.25×105t/a in HulunBuir in 2006, the total value was 81.58×107yuan/a, in which the economic value of soil fertility conservation, reducing abandoned farmland and reducing silt accumulation were 80.39×107yuan/a, 0.694×107yuan/a and 0.50×107yuan/a respectively. For the different grassland types, lowland meadow was maximum, next was temperate meadow-steppe. Marsh was the minimum.
THE BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS OF PRODUCTION

Abstract In two experiments, thirsty rats licked an empty spout instrumentally for water delivered at a neighboring spout. Each such pair of spouts constituted a work station, and one, two, or three stations were available in the test enclosure. In 1-hr sessions, the rats worked alone or in the company of 1 or 2 other rats, and performed either five, 10, or 40 licks at the empty spout for each water delivery. The total number of empty-spout licks, summed across rats and stations, increased with the empty-lick requirement and, with some exceptions, the number of rats in the enclosure and the number of work stations available. A Cobb-Douglas production function, with instrumental responding as an output and the three independent variables as inputs, accounted for a significant percentage of the variance. Contrary to that function, output failed to increase with additional rats (or work stations) when the number of work stations (or rats) was relatively small.
The transformer accuracy on-line evaluation system

The accuracy of current transformer (CT) and voltage transformer (VT) is important guarantee of power system protection, monitoring and measurement. A new method based on live working technique for transformer accuracy evaluation is proposed in this paper. Through constructing standard part, which is on-line insert into power lines, and comparing the data of standard part with the data of the measured part, the system can calculate the ratio error and phase displacement of the measured transformer. The results of on-line test have shown that the proposed method is feasible and effective, and the accuracy of proposed system achieves 0.1 grades.
bFGF promotes the survival of entorhinal layer II neurons after perforant path axotomy

Infusion of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) prevents the loss of cholinergic neurons in the septum/diagonal band of broca following fimbria-fornix transection. However, an in vivo test of whether bFGF will also rescue injured non-cholinergic or cortical neurons has not been carried out. Previous studies have shown that the majority of layer II stellate neurons utilize an excitatory amino acid as their neurotransmitter. In order to determine if bFGF acts on non-cholinergic cortical neurons, a paradigm was developed to examine whether or not bFGF could spare layer II entorhinal stellate cells from axotomy induced death or atrophy. Axotomy of the medial entorhinal cortex fibers projecting to the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation via the perforant path lead to retrograde cell loss in entorhinal cortex. Fourteen or thirty days after a unilateral knife cut axotomy of the perforant path, layer II of medical entorhinal cortex showed a 28% decrease in large stellate neurons as well as many weakly stained, hollow cells compared to the non-lesioned side or naive controls. Layer IV neurons, however, which do not project via the perforant path, showed little detectable change in the number of cells ipsilateral to the knife-cut as compared to the contralateral side. Intraventricular infusion of bFGF over a period of 14 days reduced the 28% cell loss to less than 6%. Thus, bFGF is capable of preventing cortical neuronal loss and/or atrophy associated with retrograde degeneration of non-cholinergic neurons following axotomy.
The Effect of 3-Aminobenzamide on Thymidine Incorporation in Ultra-Violet Irradiated Chick Pigment Epithelium Cells

The addition of 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) to cultures of chick embryo pigmented epithelium rescues these cells after high doses of ultraviolet treatment. The addition of 3-AB prevents cells from losing pre-formed protein and DNA and stimulates thymidine incorporation by the cells after ultraviolet irradiation. Since 3-AB is an inhibitor of poly (ADP) ribosylation, these observations support the conclusion that death of these cells after ultra-violet irradiation depends upon poly (ADP) ribosylation and may be an apoptotic response.
Substrate size and heterogeneity control anomalous transport in small streams

In alluvial systems, substrate characteristics play a critical role in slowing downstream transport of both water and solutes. We present results from solute injection experiments testing the influence of sediment size (pea gravel versus coarse gravel) and heterogeneity (alternating sections versus well-mixed reaches) on solute transport dynamics in four experimental streams at the Notre Dame Linked Experimental Ecosystem Facility. The stream with pea gravel resulted in more long-term retention than the stream with coarse gravel, whereas both streams with heterogeneous substrate (alternated and mixed) fell between with similar late-time scaling. Inverse modeling of solute breakthrough curves suggested that residence times were distributed according to a truncated power law. While conservative solute transport in all four streams was anomalous, truncation times were influenced by sediment size, with the smaller pea gravel exhibiting a later truncation time than the coarse gravel, and the two streams with heterogeneous substrate having an intermediate cutoff. These results uniquely associate transport scaling with substrate characteristics in fluvial systems, revealing truncation time scales that had been previously predicted but not observed and quantified in field conditions. Because both benthic (i.e., substrate-water interface) and subsurface hyporheic regions are known biogeochemical hot spots, relating physical characteristics to the macroscopic transport behavior could be crucial to improve our estimates of solute export from fluvial systems.
Hill plots and americium

Abstract The reasons for the success of the Hill plot in predicting magnetism and superconductivity in Ce, U, Np, and Pu are reviewed. Some limitations and extensions are discussed. The critical spacing of Am is calculated to be 3.26 A.