cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electronic prescribing via the internet for a coronary artery disease and hypertension megatrial

A unique feature of the International Verapamil SR/Trandolapril Study (INVEST) is the Internet-based, electronic data capture system developed at the University of Florida for this trial. This system allows for direct collection of patient enrollment data, randomization, study drug prescribing, and real-time monitoring of patient data online. In this trial, immediate transmission of patient-specific data occurs using online data collection forms. Investigators only need a personal computer with access to the Internet; no complicated hardware, software systems, or paper storage files are necessary. INVEST is the first large randomized clinical trial to use electronic prescribing systems in the research setting. Electronic prescribing eliminates errors associated with illegible handwriting, inappropriate dosing, and inappropriate medication choice. Because the INVEST protocol allows flexibility of medication choice and dosage range within randomly assigned treatment strategies based on patient tolerance and blood pressure response, physician investigators may use individual practice patterns and preferences. The electronic system provides guidance to physicians relative to the addition of medication or dosage adjustments within the protocol. Electronic tracking and reporting mechanisms have enabled investigators in this complex megatrial to enroll, randomize, and manage patients in real time with great accuracy.
Genetic effects of LSD treatment on the post-meiotic stages of spermatogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster.

Abstract Feeding high concentrations of lysergic acid diethylamide to Drosophila males produced a significant increase in the frequency of sex-linked recessive lethal mutations but no detectable increase in chromosomal rearrangements. These findings are consistent with previously published results. A statistical analysis of all the presently available data on the mutagenic action of LSD in Drosophila indicates that they are consistent with the existence of a threshold for the mutagenic effect. These data, however, are not adequate to rule out alternative hypotheses. A study of the dose-effect relationship of the mutagenic action of LSD is needed.
The ionic components of the current pulses generated by developing fucoid eggs.

Abstract Using a newly developed, extracellular vibrating electrode, we studied the ionic composition of the current pulses which traverse the developing Pelvetia embryo. External Na + , Mg 2+ , or SO 4 2− , are not needed for the first 20 min of pulsing. In fact, lowering external Na + or Mg 2+ (or K + ) actually stimulates pulsing. Since tracer studies show that Ca 2+ entry is speeded by Na + , Mg 2+ , or K + reduction, these findings suggest that Ca 2+ entry triggers pulsing. A sevenfold reduction in external Cl − raises pulse amplitudes by 60%. Moreover, Cl − is the only major ion with an equilibrium potential near the pulse reversal potential. These facts suggest that Cl − efflux carries much of the “inward” current. We propose a model for pulsing in which increased Ca 2+ within the growing tip opens Cl − channels. The resulting Cl − efflux slightly depolarizes the membrane and thus drives a balancing amount of K + out. Thus, the pulses release KCl and serve to relieve excess turgor pressure. By letting Ca 2+ into the growing tip, they should also strengthen the transcytoplasmic electrical field which is postulated to pull growth components toward this tip.
A dimensional analysis of patient-centered care.

Background Patient-centered care (PCC) is a poorly conceptualized phenomenon and can indicate anything from soothing room design, emotional support of patients, customization of meals, to support of patient decision making. This inconsistency across the clinical and research literature makes the application of PCC difficult. Objectives The objective of this study was to identify dimensions of PCC as found in the literature. Methods A dimensional analysis of PCC was conducted from 69 clinical and research articles published from 2000 to 2006. Coding of the literature for the perspective, context, conditions, process, and consequences of PCC was completed. These codes were used to determine literature selected for inclusion, organize article content, and frame the delineation of PCC. Results Alleviating vulnerabilities, consisting of both compromised physiological states and threats to individual identity, was constant throughout the literature. Therapeutic engagement was the process sustaining the patient during an illness episode that necessitated service use and involved allocating time, carrying out information practices, knowing the patient, and developing a relationship. This process occurs during nurse-patient interaction, sustained during successive interactions, and reinforced by the information practices of a particular setting. Discussion The interaction between nurse and patient is central to the effective study and application of PCC. Appropriate use of PCC can improve study outcomes and measurements by clarifying the variables involved, and PCC holds great promise to frame patient outcome and satisfaction research by analyzing how and with what effect nurses alleviate patient vulnerability. Moreover, consideration of information practices as a critical supporting structure of nurse-patient interaction can be explored.
SSVEP signatures of binocular rivalry during simultaneous EEG and fMRI

Background Binocular rivalry is a perceptual phenomenon that arises when two incompatible images are presented separately, one to each eye, and the observer experiences involuntary perceptual alternations between the two images. If the two images are flickering at two distinct frequencies, electroencephalography (EEG) can be used to track the frequency-tagged steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) driven by each image as they compete for awareness, providing an objective measure of the subjective perceptual state. This spontaneous alternation in perceptual dominance is believed to be driven by neural processes across widespread regions in the brain, but the real-time mechanisms of these processes remain unclear.
APOE ɛ4, an Alzheimer’s disease susceptibility allele, and smoking cessation

Possessing an apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele, advanced age and smoking are risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and cognitive decline. Deficits in cognitive function also increase risk for smoking relapse. Data from 917 adult smokers of European ancestry were pooled across three randomized trials of smoking cessation. We examined whether smokers who carry at least one ɛ4 allele (n=252) have more difficulty quitting smoking compared with noncarriers (n=665), and whether age moderated this association. The genotype by age interaction was significant for 7-day point-prevalence abstinence rates (P=0.04) and time to 7-day failure (P=0.03). Among smokers over age 60, ɛ4 carriers were less likely to quit (odds ratio=0.27, P=0.018) and relapsed more quickly (hazard ratio=3.38, P=0.001) compared with noncarriers. The genotype association with relapse was nonsignificant among younger smokers. An increased understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of this association could facilitate the development of targeted therapies for smokers with increased risk for cognitive decline.
A Stable Hydrogen-Bonded Coordination Network with Removable Guests

Zinc(II) coordination complexes, each having two linearly oriented peripheral carboxylate units, combine with 3,3′-dimethylbenzidene pillars to create channeled structures that host small organic guests. The porous solids reported here are connected solely via strong, charge-assisted hydrogen bonds and contain guests that vary in size, shape, and degree of hydrophobicity. The hydrogen-bonded framework is maintained upon guest loss, under vacuum and up to ∼200 °C. The strength and flexibility of these frameworks make them ideal candidates for molecular storage, separations, guest exchange, and guest transport.
SOI (Service Oriented Integration) and SIMM (Service Integration Maturity Model An Analysis

The constellation of SOA entities encompasses a triplet of Service consumer/provider and an optional registry. In the normal style, the service provider (“Service”) is instantiated and the details are stored in a registry. Service consumers seeking the required service explore the registry, locate the Service end points, receive the service contracts (normally as WSDLs), comply with the established contracts in order to consume the service. While this is an ideal scenario, in integration based environments the style differs where integration enablers as services are required to be built to aid integration. Thus Service Oriented integration (SOI) would mean the following depending on the type of players in the IT industry:• To an ISV (Independent Software Vendor) who develops products, SOI would mean exposing loosely coupled interfaces to be consumed easily by abstracting the implementation;• To a systems integrator, this would mean creating and hosting integration enablers as services( most of the times in the middleware layer) to be consumed by applications which in turn might fulfill the intended functionality by interacting with one or more back end applications. SIMM (Service Integration Maturity Model) defines a maturity model of such SOI based environments. This maturity model in turn will serve as an index to measure the level of flexibility and agility of an industry’s IT Environment to the changing needs of the business which is the key goal of SOA. Though there are many factors affecting SIMM, standards and modularity play a key role. In this paper we intend to analyze SIMM characteristics, benefits of standards combined with modularity, different enterprise environments and suggest the relevance of standards in each environment. In section I, we briefly discuss the functionality of integration enablers and various patterns. In Section II, we discuss the SIMM characteristics combined with modularity, explore in detail the various types of enterprises and requirements to comply with standards to achieve greater SIMM and finally conclude.
Place Attachment in a Revitalizing Neighborhood: Individual and Block Levels of Analysis

Place attachments are positive bonds to physical and social settings that support identity and provide other psychological benefits. However, place attachments have been neglected as a potential strength in declining suburban neighborhoods. Hierarchical linear modeling analyses are used to examine attachment to the home and attachment to the block/neighborhood for over 600 residents of a neighborhood with a history of gradual decline. Results show that overall place attachment is higher for home owners, long-term residents, and non-Whites or Hispanics. Place attachment is also high for individuals who perceive fewer incivilities on their block, who have fewer observed incivilities on their property, who have lower fear of crime, and who have a higher sense of neighborhood cohesion and control (i.e. collective efficacy). Furthermore, blocks with more home owners, non-Whites or Hispanics, perceived and observed incivilities, and lower fear of crime have residents with higher overall place attachments. Differences between predictors of home and block/neighborhood attachment are discussed and place attachment is proposed as an underutilized tool for neighborhood revitalization.
Sampling techniques for single-cell electrophoresis

Cells are extraordinarily complex, containing thousands of different analytes with concentrations spanning at least nine orders of magnitude. Analyzing single cells instead of tissue homogenates provides unique insights into cell-to-cell heterogeneity and aids in distinguishing normal cells from pathological ones. The high sensitivity and low sample consumption of capillary and on-chip electrophoresis, when integrated with fluorescence, electrochemical, and mass spectrometric detection methods, offer an ideal toolset for examining single cells and even subcellular organelles; however, the isolation and loading of such small samples into these devices is challenging. Recent advances have addressed this issue by interfacing a variety of enhanced mechanical, microfluidic, and optical sampling techniques to capillary and on-chip electrophoresis instruments for single-cell analyses.
Minimizing the Pain and Probability of Rejection Evidence for Relational Distancing and Proximity Seeking Within Face-to-Face Interactions

Some studies have revealed evidence for proximity seeking following interpersonal rejection, whereas other studies have found evidence of relational distancing (Williams, 2007). This study examined whether both processes could occur simultaneously within face-to-face interactions. Participants were accepted or rejected by one person and then interacted with a new partner for the purposes of an impression-formation task. Conversations were recorded and transcribed. Dyads containing a previously rejected compared to accepted participant exhibited higher levels of linguistic style matching and reciprocated conversational content, suggestive of proximity seeking. However, rejected targets also rated their new partners as less kind and reported lower levels of rapport/liking for their partners, consistent with relational distancing. Partner evaluations were statistically mediated by targets’ expectations of rejection. We suggest that automatic proximity seeking and the appraisal-mediated devaluation of new par...
A new methodology for the identification of best practices in the oil and gas industry, using intelligent systems

Abstract In this paper the theory and methodology of “Intelligent Best Practices Analysis” is presented. The methodology is then applied to a database of stimulation practices in the Golden Trend fields of Oklahoma to demonstrate its use and benefits. In the Golden Trend fields of Oklahoma, like many other oil fields, the outcome of stimulation jobs have not been the same for all wells. The effectiveness of the stimulation is a function of several factors including reservoir quality, completion and stimulation practices. Completion and stimulation practices can be further itemized as completion type such as open hole versus cased hole with perforations and the type and amount of fluids and proppants that is used during the stimulation and the rate at which they are pumped into the formation. Detail stimulation data from more than 230 wells in the Golden Trend operated by three independent operators were collected and analyzed using this methodology. The study was performed both for gas and oil bearing formations. The Best Practices Analysis pointed out that in the carbonate formations of the Golden Trend that are primarily gas producing, acid fracs are much more effective than acid jobs (where no proppant is pumped into the formation). For the clastic formations in the Golden Trend, from which both oil and gas are produced, the Best Practices Analysis showed that most effective fluids were those with a diesel oil base. Furthermore the analysis concluded that the formations in the Golden Trend respond best to frac jobs with proppant concentration of 1 lb/mgal/ft or higher that are injected at rates up to 1 gal/min/ft.
Deciding ‘what to teach’ health professionals: a human‐centred systems engineering perspective

Context Recent calls propose the conceptualisation of medical education research as ‘an improvement science for complex social interventions’. This involves developing principled, yet contextually grounded, descriptions of health care practice that increase the likelihood of successful intervention. Defining what health professionals should be taught using theoretical perspectives and analytical techniques borrowed from human-centred systems engineering (HCSE) may acknowledge this call by allowing learning objectives and performance assessment criteria to be aligned with the demands of actual work. Discussion Human-centred systems engineering is a multidisciplinary endeavour that seeks to promote the safe, efficient and productive performance of socio-technological systems. Systems theories in HCSE explain how environmental conditions constrain and afford human goal-directed behaviour and are modified by such. Many of the techniques used in HCSE research that are applicable to examining health care practice should be familiar to medical education researchers. This method differs from other empirical approaches that have been applied to the study of health care practice in its emphasis on practical problem solving via intervention design. Conclusions Learning objectives and performance assessment criteria derived from an HCSE perspective target people's attunement to environmental conditions as they strive to enact goal-directed behaviour. Implementing educational interventions from an HCSE perspective should facilitate a sustained positive impact across contexts because theories of person–environment interaction enable principled adaptations of interventions to local circumstances.
The question of thalamic participation in speech mechanisms.

Summary A late case of aphasia, predominantly in the audioreceptive sphere was studied by serial section reconstruction to demonstrate the regions in the anterior superior pulvinar related to the cortical destruction and speech disability. Critical review of the functional results of thalamic stimulation and primary intrathalamic lesions suggests caution in assigning to the dominant thalamus more than a minor role in the total speech mechanism.
The perception of movement and depth in moiré patterns.

Moire patterns can produce striking movement effects and in more complex stimuli can induce vivid stereoscopic depth. The physical rules underlying these phenomena are reviewed and their relationship to psychophysics is discussed. First, it is shown how moires in 'optical line interference' patterns are created by superimposing periodic visual stimuli, eg gratings, and shifting them relative to each other. When two gratings are presented in this manner, small differences in spatial frequency, orientation, and speed are magnified. This magnification has prompted the use of moire patterns both in industry and in art where their enhanced sensitivity to misalignment and spatial distortion has been widely exploited. Next, it is demonstrated how enhanced depth in 'stereoscopic interference' patterns is produced by presenting grating stimuli in two (or more) depth planes. The perceived depth effect in the resulting moire pattern can be elicited similarly by binocular disparity and motion parallax. Finally, it is described how perceived movements occurring in different directions and at different depths are the basis for the perceptual 'irritations' that fascinate observers in complex moire patterns. The use of moires for the noninvasive examination of the human retina by aliasing is discussed.
Magnetic coupling in superposed type-II superconducting films

A study has been made of the magnetic-coupling properties of vortex arrays in a dc superconducting transformer composed of two oxygen-doped aluminum films separated by a thin insulating layer. By doping to the appropriate level, very small depinning currents have been achieved, making possible an investigation of the vortex-coupling characteristics in a low-current regime free of heating instabilities. Measurements of the system's $V\ensuremath{-}I$ characteristics have been obtained at currents more than an order of magnitude greater than the current at which the two vortex lattices cease to move at the same velocity. A simple periodic-coupling-force model has been used to generate theoretical $V\ensuremath{-}I$ curves which are found to compare well with the experimental data. Values of the magnetic interaction force coupling the two vortex arrays have been determined as a function of temperature and intervortex spacing, and are compared with theory.
A missense mutation in the OCTN2 gene associated with residual carnitine transport activity.

Primary carnitine deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder of fatty acid oxidation caused by defective carnitine transport. This disease can present early in life with hypoketotic hypoglycemia and acute metabolic decompensation, or later in life with skeletal or cardiac myopathy. Mutations abolishing the function of OCTN2, an organic cation/carnitine transporter with twelve putative transmembrane spanning domains, were recently demonstrated in patients with early- and late-onset (up to seven years of age) presentation of this syndrome. Most of the reported mutations are null alleles. Here we evaluate the OCTN2 gene in a male patient who presented at seven years of age with severe dilated cardiomyopathy. Plasma carnitine levels were undetectable and carnitine transport by his fibroblasts was reduced to about 3% of normal controls. This patient was homozygous for a single base pair change in exon 8 of the OCTN2 gene (1354G>A) converting the codon for Glu 452 to Lys (E452K) in the predicted intracellular loop between transmembrane domains 10 and 11. Stable expression of the mutant E452K-OCTN2 cDNA in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells caused a partial increase in carnitine transport to 2-4% of the levels measured in the wild type transporter. This reduced transport activity was associated with normal Km toward carnitine (3.1 +/- 1.1 microM), but markedly reduced Vmax. These results indicate that primary carnitine deficiency can be caused by mutations encoding for carnitine transporters with residual activity, and that the E452K affects a domain not involved in carnitine recognition.
Das Neurospongioblastom, eine primäre Gehirngeschwulst bei disseminierter Neurospongioblastose (tuberöse Sklerose)

Es werden 11 Falle von Hirntumoren bei voll entwickelter oder abortiver tuberoser Sklerose beschrieben. Sie zeigen klinisch die Symptome eines kaum lokalisierbaren Hirntumors; nur in einem Falle waren die typischen Erscheinungen der tuberosen Sklerose vorhanden. Anatomisch sind sie charakterisiert: 1. durch die gewohnliche Lokalisation des Tumors in der striothalamischen Region; 2. die auserordentlich typische Anordnung der Tumorzellen in Nestern; 3. durch das Vorwiegen der Spongioblasten unter den vorhandenen Zellen und 4. durch die Anwesenheit von tuberosen Knotchen im Gehirn. Da sowohl in den Tumoren wie in den Knotchen die beiden Zellarten der Neuroblasten und Spongioblasten in verschiedener Anzahl vorkommen, wird der Ausdruck ‚’Neurospongioblastoma disseminata“ fur diese Art Geschwulste vorgeschlagen, besonders, wenn sie mit der tuberosen Sklerose verbunden sind.
A performance evaluation system for primary care providers in a community health services program.

A performance evaluation system (PES) serves to motivate employees to provide desired behaviors that achieve organizational objectives. In 1989, Denver Health and Hospital (DHH), a publicly funded, integrated delivery system with a large primary care program, instituted a new PES. This report summarizes performance evaluation results for DHH's community health center program. The evaluation focused on the performance of primary care physicians, midlevel practitioners (i.e., physicians assistants, nurse practitioners, and dentists), over a 4-year study period (1990 to 1993). Category-specific performance ratings were based on a 5-point ordinal scale: unacceptable, expectations not met, meets expectations, exceeds expectations, and outstanding. Performance ratings were analyzed as variables that were dependent on several practice characteristics. Results demonstrated a relationship between performance ratings and specific practice characteristics. Based on the results, limitations of the new PES and implications for designing more effective evaluation systems are discussed.
Integrated Control of Spider Mites on Pear

Spider mite densities were low in pear orchards left untreated with pesticides for several years. The year following discontinuance of sprays, the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, caused some defoliation but in subsequent years was not found in destructive numbers. Densities of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), increased until the 4th year after summer sprays were no longer applied. The principal agent in spider mite control was thought to be a phytoseiid, Typhlodromus occidentalis Nesbitt. Attempts were made to increase the number of T. occidenlalis in commercial pear orchards by reducing the rate of azinphosmethyl used for summer control of the codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella (L.). A rate of 0.5 lb AI/acre allowed predator’s survival and gave good control of the moth, Summer oil was added for suppression of the European red mite. Conversion from a standard program, which included several synthetic acaricides, to the integrated program resulted in economic injury from spider mites the 1st year, but in the 2nd and 3rd years the predaceous phytoseiid held the two-spotted spider mite below injurious levels.
EFFECT OF ENAMEL ON THE STRENGTH OF ENAMELING IRON

Ground-coat enamel was first applied on one side and then on each side of 26-, 20-, 18-, 10-, and 6-gauge enameling stock, and the strengths of the pieces were determined in cross bending. The results show a decided increase in strength for the enameled specimens over that of the stock before enameling. An increase in the thickness of the enamel also increases the strength within limits. The effect on the lighter gauges is greater than on the heavy gauges, and the strength is greater when the enamel is under compression than under tension.
Carbocations (M + H)+ and Oxidation Dications (M2+) from Benzo[a]pyrene and Its Nonalternant Isomers Azulenophenalenes: A Theoretical (DFT, GIAO, NICS) Study

The arenium ions of protonation and the two-electron oxidation dications derived from benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) 1 and three of its nonalternant isomers namely azuleno[5,6,7-cd]phenalene 2 (a strong carc...
Small Intestine Inflammation in Roquin-Mutant and Roquin-Deficient Mice

Roquin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that localizes to cytosolic RNA granules, is involved in regulating mRNA stability and translation. Mice that have a M199R mutation in the Roquin protein (referred to as sanroque or Roquinsan/san mice) develop autoimmune pathologies, although the extent to which these occur in the intestinal mucosa has not been determined. Here, we demonstrate that Roquinsan/san mice reproducibly develop intestinal inflammation in the small intestine but not the colon. Similarly, mice generated in our laboratory in which the Roquin gene was disrupted by insertion of a gene trap cassette (Roquingt/gt mice) had small intestinal inflammation that mimicked that of Roquinsan/san mice. MLN cells in Roquinsan/san mice consisted of activated proliferating T cells, and had increased numbers of CD44hi CD62Llo KLRG1+ short-lived effector cells. Proportionally more small intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes in Roquinsan/san mice expressed the ICOS T cell activation marker. Of particular interest, small intestinal lamina propria lymphocytes in Roquinsan/san mice consisted of a high proportion of Gr-1+ T cells that included IL-17A+ cells and CD8+ IFN-γ+ cells. Extensive cytokine dysregulation resulting in both over-expression and under-expression of chemotactic cytokines occurred in the ileum of Roquinsan/san mice, the region most prone to the development of inflammation. These findings demonstrate that chronic inflammation ensues in the intestine following Roquin alteration either as a consequence of protein mutation or gene disruption, and they have implications for understanding how small intestinal inflammation is perpetuated in Crohn's disease (CD). Due to the paucity of animal models of CD-like pathophysiology in the small intestine, and because the primary gene/protein defects of the Roquin animal systems used here are well-defined, it will be possible to further elucidate the underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms that drive the disease process.
The growth in involuntary part-time employment of men and women

This study presents an economic model that explains the growth in involuntary part-time employment. The results of three-stage least squares estimation show that for men and women, similar factors have influenced involuntary part-time employment. Its growth has been encouraged by downturns in the business cycle and expansion of the service sector. Declines in the percent of the population under 5 years of age and increases in the level of skill among the employed have had the opposite effect.
Inversion of matrices with prescribed structured inverses

We present here a technique for the inversion of a matrix to an inverse with a prescribed structure. The approach is to generate a set of linear constraints that can then be optimized based on the resulting convex polytope. The approach is general and different error criteria can be implemented with minor modifications. The optimum is obtained as the center of mass of the polytope and it is shown that this result is best in the least-squares sense. Some properties of the algorithm are described and an example is submitted and discussed.
Isolation and characterization of AStreptomyces C5 mutant strain hyperproductive of extracellular protease

A pleiotropic streptomycete mutant was isolated that overproduced extracellular protease activity on azocasein, whereas the parent strain,Streptomyces C5, produced only negligible extracellular azocaseinase activity. Also unlike the parent strain, the mutant, designated C5-A13, was nonpigmented, and was unable to sporulate or produce antibiotics.
Pseudoparalysis of shoulder caused by glenohumeral interposition of rotator cuff tendon stumps: a rare complication of posterior shoulder dislocation

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of a rare complication of posterior glenohumeral dislocation are described in two patients which led to shoulder dysfunction caused by interposition of rotator cuff tendon(s) into the glenohumeral joint. Both patients underwent successful surgical fixation and now have returned to normal shoulder function.
Oncologists' Recommendations for Adjuvant Therapy in Hormone Receptor—Positive Breast Cancer Patients of Varying Age and Health Status

Abstract Background Currently, evidence supports the use of adjuvant endocrine therapy with aromatase inhibitors in post-menopausal patients with hormone receptor (HR)—positive breast cancer. The goal of the current study is to understand the effect of patient age and health status on oncologists' decision to recommend adjuvant treatment (endocrine therapy and chemotherapy) in older women with HR-positive breast cancer. Patients and Methods An online survey was conducted, with questions related to a hypothetical patient of varying age and health status with a T2 N2 HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer. Treatment options included chemotherapy and endocrine therapy, endocrine therapy alone, or no therapy. Respondents (n = 151) were further asked to specify use of either tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors. A generalized linear mixed-effects model was used to determine the effect of age and health status on recommendations. Results As the hypothetical patient's age increased or health status deteriorated, oncologists (n = 151) were less likely to recommend a combination of chemotherapy and endocrine therapy ( P P P Conclusion With increasing age and declining health status, oncologists were more likely to recommend endocrine therapy alone as opposed to chemotherapy with endocrine therapy. Oncologists were most likely to recommend aromatase inhibitors, irrespective of age or health status.
Hindu Traditionalism and Nationalist Ideologies in Nineteenth-Century Maharashtra

Historians of modern India have recently been paying increased attention to the founders of nationalist politics in the provinces, in growing recognition that the heredity of the Indian National Congress was influenced by complex institutional patterns going back some decades before its birth in 1885. These patterns were rooted in widely varying local and regional conditions. To the extent that the local political associations were designed by a Western-educated professional class with the common purpose of influencing policy decisions of the British Raj, they can all be understood within the context of British imperial politics. But the associations' leaders, the spokesmen of Indian nationalism in its early forms, had to confront a second audience as well as the British: the largely traditional society of their birth. Their relationship to that society was probably the most controversial and misunderstood dimension of their lives, yet it was crucial to the growth of regionally distinctive variations of later mass nationalism.
Corneal epitheliopathy of dry eye induces hyperesthesia to mechanical air jet stimulation

Abstract Purpose To evaluate corneal sensation in different groups: normal subjects, dry eye patients, and patients with and without dry eye after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) using the modified Belmonte gas esthesiometer. Design A retrospective, clinic-based, case-control study. Methods We evaluated 20 normal subjects, 20 dry eye patients, 20 post-LASIK patients without dry eye, and six post-LASIK patients with dry eye. The corneal sensation was measured with the modified Belmonte gas esthesiometer that uses two different stimuli to assess mechanical and polymodal receptors on the corneal surface. Mechanoreceptors were assessed by 2-second pulsed air jets of variable intensity. Polymodal receptors were measured by stimulating the corneal with 2-second pulsed air jets of varying concentrations of CO 2 , a gas that is converted to carbonic acid on contact with the corneal surface. The main outcome measure was determining corneal sensation. Results The mean ± standard deviation (± SD) age was similar in all groups. The mean mechanical threshold was 61.50 ± 20.07 ml/min in the normal group (n = 20), 34.60 ± 21.09 ml/min in the dry group (n = 20, P P P 2 to elicit discomfort was similar in all groups ( P > .05). No sex-related differences were noted ( P > .05). There was a significant inverse correlation between the threshold of mechanical stimulation and the severity of corneal fluorescein staining. Conclusions The Belmonte modified noncontact esthesiometer is a sophisticated instrument that can assess different types of corneal sensory receptors. Patients with dry eye were hypersensitive to the air jet stimulus of this instrument, and this appears to be due to altered corneal epithelial barrier function. Profound hypoesthesia was observed after LASIK and similar to dry eye, post-LASIK patients with dry eye were sensitized. These findings provide new insight into the hypersensitivity to environmental stresses, particularly air drafts experienced by dry eye patients.
Rubus canadensis virus 1, a novel betaflexivirus identified in blackberry

Flexuous filaments, resembling flexivirus virions, were observed in partially purified blackberry preparations showing mild virus-like symptoms. Further tests revealed the presence of a novel betaflexivirus that is phylogenetically related to foveaviruses. The putative virus-encoded proteins shared limited similarity with orthologs of known members of the genus, indicating that the virus, provisionally named Rubus canadensis virus 1 (RuCV-1), represents a novel member of the taxon. Results of a survey in several U.S. states suggest that RuCV-1 is not widespread in the blackberry germplasm.
Distinct Mutation Patterns of Breast Cancer-Associated Alleles of the HRAS1 Minisatellite Locus

DNA sequence analysis of 130 alleles of the HRAS1 minisatellite has demonstrated that breast cancer-associated variants arise as a consequence of both replication errors and gene conversions. Unlike mutations at other variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs), high-risk variants of the HRAS1 minisatellite do not demonstrate positional polarity. Instead, most mutations occur at three hotspots, with replication errors confined to one hotspot, gene conversions to a second and a mixed pattern of mutation at the third. DNA sequence analysis of 66 low-risk a1 alleles revealed no evidence for hypermutation. Therefore, while the HRAS1 minisatellite may serve as a reporter for a broad-based group of mutational mechanisms, these results are consistent with a direct pathogenetic contribution by high-risk alleles as the biological basis underlying cancer association of this VNTR.
Utility of the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS) and the Assessment of Depression Inventory (ADI) in screening for malingering among outpatients seeking to claim disability

A sample of 56 disability seekers were administered the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS), the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS), and the Assessment of Depression Inventory (ADI). Individuals were classified as honest or suspected malingerers based on their SIRS scores. Additionally, 60 individuals from the community completed the SIMS and the ADI honestly or as if they were malingering depression. Both malingering groups had significantly higher mean scores on the SIMS total and ADI feigning scales than both honest groups. The scores of the malingering groups did not significantly differ. The utility of various cut-off scores on these scales is presented and discussed. In the clinical sample, previously recommended SIMS total cut-off scores (>14 or >16) had excellent sensitivity, but low specificity. Conversely, the recommended ADI feigning cut-off score (>13) had excellent specificity, but low sensitivity. Increasing the SIMS total cut-off score to >19 and decreasin...
Phytochrome-Mediated Bioelectric Potentials in Mung Bean Seedlings

Excised root tips from dark-grown mung bean seedlings (Phaseolus aureus) that adhere to a negatively charged glass surface when irradiated with red light and release when irradiated by far-red light develop a positive bioelectric potential (about 1.0 millivolt) at the tip in red light and a negative bioelectric potential in far-red light. The sign of the bioelectric potential was repeatedly photo-reversible, and the adhesion and release kinetics were similar to those of the development of the bioelectric potentials. Photoconversion of the phytochrome holochrome perhaps changes permeability characteristics of the cell membrane, resulting in an induced localized electrochemical gradient manifested as a bioelectric potential. This supports the view that phytochrome in situ is membrane bound.
Banking sector development and interest rate volatility in emerging economies

Over the last decades, macroeconomic stability is said to be one of the major concerns of emerging economies. Financial sector as a core of macroeconomic stability has been under close consideration of policy makers. The relationship between interest rate uncertainty and banking sector development as one of the most important indicators of financial sector development, especially for emerging economies, has not received enough attention in the literature. Perhaps this article is the most comprehensive study that investigates the relationship between interest rate uncertainty and banking sector development for a large group of emerging economies. To do this, the short-run and long-run models using a bounds testing approach to cointegration for 12 emerging economies over the period 1980–2011 have been developed. Estimated results from all models indicate that interest rate uncertainty has significant effect on banking sector development in both short-run and long-run phenomena in the majority of countries. ...
Distance Perception in Darkness

Human subjects viewed round stimuli located equidistantly in the horizontal and vertical planes of vision under conditions where presumed cues to size were present and where they were systematically eliminated. Two experiments revealed a consistent tendency for the horizon object to be judged the closer. Cues introduced reduced the effect.
The Council on Botanical and Horticultural Libraries

In accepting a position in the Life Sciences Library at The Pennsylvania State University in 1999, I became the subject specialist to the plant sciences departments. My experiences, during the prev...
Intracranial ependymoma: Results of radiotherapy at the University of Kentucky

Sixteen patients with intracranial ependymoma received radiation treatment at the Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, between 1962 and 1974. The majority of intracranial tumors occurred in children and had an infratentorial location; most adult tumors were supratentorial and adults had a greater tendency for high-grade malignant tumors. The overall five-year survival rate was 37% with 50% failure within three years. Survival appeared to be closely related to grade of tumor. Therefore, tumors were classified as ependymoma (well-differentiated) or ependymoblastoma (anaplastic, poorly differentiated). Five-year survival rate in patients with ependymoma tumors was 71% and with ependymoblastoma 11%. The data and a literature review indicate that radical radiotherapy of the ependymoma produces good patient survival; the ependymoblastoma is not adequately controlled with radical radiotherapy alone an adjuvant therapy may be necessary.
Evaluating bovine tuberculosis risk communication materials in Michigan and Minnesota for severity, susceptibility, and efficacy messages

Communication programs are a tool available to wildlife managers for managing risks associated with wildlife diseases such as bovine tuberculosis (TB). Evaluating these communication efforts is vital for successful disease management planning; yet, systematic evaluations of wildlife disease-related communication programs are lacking. To this end, we analyzed the content of 41 print and electronic TB risk communication materials (e.g., brochures, handouts, websites) available to stakeholders in Michigan and Minnesota, USA, during April 2010 to 1) describe and compare the materials; 2) make data-based recommendations to improve existing messages; and 3) highlight the ability of the extended parallel process model (EPPM), a well-known health communication theory, to serve as a framework for evaluation of wildlife disease issues. All message components central to the EPPM were identified in our sample of TB risk communication materials. More than 80% of materials promoted ! 1 behaviors believed to reduce the risks of TB transmission among and between wildlife and livestock in Michigan and Minnesota. Messages conveying severity and susceptibility of TB-related risks were present in 73% and 56% of the materials, respectively; whereas, efficacy messages promoting the ease and effectiveness of recommended behaviors were far less prevalent. ResultsprovideinsightsforfutureTBandwildlifedisease-related riskcommunicationefforts(e.g., design messages that enhance stakeholder perceptions of efficacy) and demonstrate the utility of the EPPM as a framework to evaluate risk communication materials and messages for wildlife disease-related stake- holders. ! 2013 The Wildlife Society
Abstract 420: Metastatic and neo-vasculature determinants as prognostic markers of thyroid cancer

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Thyroid is amongst one of the most vascularized tissues of the human body and studies have demonstrated that neo-vascularization is critical for growth and metastasis of thyroid carcinoma with well differentiated thyroid carcinoma metastasizing to the lymph nodes of the neck in 50% of the patients. The perceived risk of thyroid proliferative diseases in women is one in eight, a risk similar to that of breast cancer, suggesting a possible role of female reproductive hormones such as estrogen in this epidemiological distribution. The identification of systemic modulators such as estrogen and markers of metastatic phenotype or neo-vascularization in thyroid cancer is a clinical need. We developed an in vitro thyroid cell culture model to study the effect of estrogen on metastatic phenotype of thyroid cells. We discovered that estradiol modulates metastatic properties of these thyroid cells as evidenced by an increase in in vitro migration, invasion and adhesion in presence of estradiol which correlates with a concomitant downregution of tumor suppressive protein, β-catenin. Restitution of cadherin/catenin complex by fulvestrant suppresses the metastatic phenotype of thyroid cells thus validating our findings of β-catenin as a significant metastatic phenotype marker. Furthermore, we developed an in vivo animal model so as to study the effect of estrogen on neo-vasculature in thyroid cancer. We found that estradiol acts as a mobilizing agent for bone marrow derived endothelial progenitor cells (BM-EPCs) resulting in homing of enhanced numbers of BM-EPCs to orthotopic tumor when ovariectomized mice were supplemented with estradiol pellets. We also discovered that thyroid cells secrete paracrine factors which results in enhanced migration of BM-EPCs as evidenced by in vitro experimental model suggesting that mobilization of BM-EPCs is tumor responsive. In conclusion, our data provides strong evidence that estradiol enhances the metastatic propensity of thyroid cells and mobilizes BM-EPCs to the thyroid tumor. These findings will allow for the possible development of anti-estrogenic compounds that target catenin mediated metastasis and/or stem cells mediated neo-vascularization of thyroid cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 420.
Frequency memory in multi-mode oscillators

THE BASIC idea of frequency memory is conveniently illustrated by Fig. 1 in which it is assumed that the antiresonant circuits are of comparable selectivity and impedance and are tuned to frequencies that are unrelated but of the same order of magnitude. Oscillation at either f 1 or f 2 can be initiated by supplying to the input a signal of suitable magnitude and the desired frequency. An input of short duration suffices, for once started the oscillation persists without change until the other frequency is injected or the power is turned off. That is, the circuit remembers the frequency of the last input. The output may be taken from other points, but the plate node is particularly convenient.
Mechanically Tough Pluronic F127/Laponite Nanocomposite Hydrogels from Covalently and Physically Cross-Linked Networks

Mechanical properties of polymer hydrogels are critical to their performance as tissue engineering scaffolds especially in load bearing tissues and wound sealants. In this study, we aim to synthesize mechanically tough nanocomposite hydrogels by photo-cross-linking PEO–PPO–PEO triblock copolymer diacrylates (Pluronic F127 diacrylate) in the presence of silicate nanoparticles, Laponite. The resulting hydrogels have high elongations and improved toughness when compared to their polymer hydrogel counterparts. Oscillatory shear and creep experiments suggest that the silicate nanoparticles physically interact with the covalently cross-linked polymer networks and impart viscoelasticity to the hydrogels. Imaging the structures of deformed nanocomposite hydrogels with cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) leads us to believe that stretched hydrogels have finer network structures with smaller pore sizes when compared to the unstretched ones. The structural transitions observed in cryo-SEM and the viscoelast...