cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen and helium broadening and pressure induced line shifts of 13CH4 in the ν4 band

Hydrogen and helium pressure induced broadening and line shifts of the ν4 band of isotopic methane (13CH4) have been measured at room temperature for many lines in the P, Q and R branches. The measurements were obtained using the 1 m Fourier Transform Spectrometer at the KPNO McMath Solar Telescope with a spectral resolution of 0.0065 cm−1. Data were obtained for 266 absorption lines for a range of J values up to J = 16; the pressure broadening results are compared to similar measurements made for the common isotope 12CH4 and a small, but consistent variation is noted.
Semiparametric inference of proportional odds model based on randomly truncated data

This paper studies the estimation in the proportional odds model based on randomly truncated data. The proposed estimators for the regression coefficients include a class of minimum distance estimators defined through weighted empirical odds function. We have investigated the asymptotic properties like the consistency and the limiting distribution of the proposed estimators under mild conditions. The finite sample properties were investigated through simulation study making comparison of some of the estimators in the class. We conclude with an illustration of our proposed method to a well-known AIDS data.
Design and evaluation of a self-healing Kepler for scientific workflows

Kepler is a popular open source scientific workflow (SWF) as it simplifies the effort required to construct complex data flow models through a visual interface. As the complexity of the workflow applications that will run on heterogeneous distributed systems increases, fault management becomes a critical design issue for large scale scientific and engineering applications. Due to the long execution times of these applications, it is important that they are fault tolerant; i.e. the workflow application can recover gracefully from faults without the need to restart the application from the beginning. The current implementation of Kepler tool does not support fault tolerance or recovery mechanisms. In this paper, we extend the Kepler capabilities to support fault tolerant scientific workflow (FT-SWF) with a checkpoint mechanism where corrective measures are taken seamlessly in an autonomic manner whenever a fault is detected. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first approach on adding autonomic operations to Kepler. We have evaluated the FT-Kepler on a distributed application used by ecosystem researchers. We evaluated the performance of the workflow with hardware and software based fault scenarios in terms of execution time, recovery time, and the checkpoint mechanism overhead. The experimental evaluations indicate that the checkpoint mechanism adds negligible overhead to the total execution time of the workflow and as the fault rate increases, the number of checkpoints should be increased.
Molecular analysis of genetic fidelity in Cannabis sativa L. plants grown from synthetic (encapsulated) seeds following in vitro storage

The increasing utilization of synthetic (encapsulated) seeds for germplasm conservation and propagation necessitates the assessment of genetic stability of conserved propagules following their plantlet conversion. We have assessed the genetic stability of synthetic seeds of Cannabis sativa L. during in vitro multiplication and storage for 6 months at different growth conditions using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) DNA fingerprinting. Molecular analysis of randomly selected plants from each batch was conducted using 14 ISSR markers. Of the 14 primers tested, nine produced 40 distinct and reproducible bands. All the ISSR profiles from in vitro stored plants were monomorphic and comparable to the mother plant which confirms the genetic stability among the clones. GC analysis of six major cannabinoids [Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, tetrahydrocannabivarin, cannabidiol, cannabichromene, cannabigerol and cannabinol] showed homogeneity in the re-grown clones and the mother plant with insignificant differences in cannabinoids content, thereby confirming the stability of plants derived from synthetic seeds following 6 months storage.
Adolescent Self-Care: Reviewing the Risks

This paper uses an ecological perspective to review the risks associated with extensive self-care among adolescents in the United States. While extensive resources have been directed toward the care of younger children, many adolescents make the transition into self-care before they are developmentally ready. Research shows that extensive self-care is associated with increases in problem behaviors such as substance use, increased influence by peers, truancy, and risk-taking. This paper explores: (a) the impact of adolescent development on self-care risks, (b) prevalence of problem behaviors in the adolescent environment, and (c) research results which relate to risk and protective factors in adolescent self-care.
Variation in Induction of Human Placental CYP2E1: Possible Role in Susceptibility to Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?☆

Fetal alcohol syndrome occurs in less than 10% of women who drink heavily during pregnancy. One potential mechanism for this intersubject variation is differences in placental alcohol metabolism. Alcohol dehydrogenase is present at low concentrations in the placenta and is not inducible. CYP2E1 has not been found in human placentas at early gestation time points or in random term placentas. Hepatic CYP2E1 is induced by alcohol and other environmental agents, but induction varies among heavy drinkers and may be genetically controlled. To test whether CYP2E1 is induced in placenta by heavy drinking during pregnancy, we performed a Western blot analysis on placental microsomes from women (n = 8) whose periconceptional average daily absolute alcohol intake was greater than 1 ounce. Using anti-human CYP2E1, bands consistent with CYP2E1 were identified in six samples, although considerable variation among individuals was observed. Among drinking mothers, offspring head size was smaller among those with placental CYP2E1 (p = 0.04). The association between the presence of the protein and smaller birth weight and birth length was equivocal (p = 0.09). Our data are consistent with placental CYP2E1 being inducible by drinking, but with induction being variable among heavy drinking women. We speculate intersubject variation in induction may have a genetic basis and may play a role in susceptibility to alcohol related defects.
2nd Order Distortion Cancellation in Photonic Time Stretch Analog-to-Digital Converter

We show that the symmetry properties of a dual output push-pull Mach-Zehnder modulator can be exploited for rejection of dispersion induced 2nd order non-linearities in the time-stretch analog to digital converter. Using differential modulation, followed by signal processing in digital domain, we experimentally demonstrate rejection of harmonic and intermodulation distortions. Simulations predict that non-linear distortion limited dynamic range improves from 34 dB to 57 dB. The approach can also be used for obtaining ultra-wide-band (multi-octave) and high dynamic range analog fiber optic links.
Factors related to strabismus decompensation after a period of prolonged postoperative stability

Purpose To identify factors associated with late decompensation of horizontal strabismus after a period of prolonged (>12 months) postoperative stability. Methods Charts from all pediatric horizontal strabismus surgical cases from 1999 to 2009 were reviewed. Patients with a distance or near alignment of Δ at the first visit >12 months following surgery were included. The primary outcome was time from surgery to strabismus decompensation. Multiple variables were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results A total of 185 cases were included. Mean age at surgery was 5.1 years and mean follow-up was 62.2 months. Late decompensation rate was 31%; of these, 54% underwent reoperation. Using two different models, a higher risk of decompensation was associated with both the presence of preoperative oblique dysfunction ( P = 0.023/0.002) and larger distance/near deviations at the first >12 months postoperative visit ( P = 0.033/0.012). Conclusions Worsening of alignment >12 months after horizontal strabismus surgery occurs in almost one-third of patients. Preoperative oblique dysfunction is associated with long-term instability, possibly because it is a surrogate for sensory torsion and poor fusion. Additionally, larger distance and near deviations at >12 months after surgery were each associated with late decompensation. The rate of decompensation for patients with deviations of 0 Δ to Δ was less than those with deviations of 4 Δ to Δ and >8 Δ , suggesting that the biologic behavior of all deviations within the monofixation range (0 Δ to 8 Δ ) is not uniform.
Identification with Multiple Targets in a Geographically Dispersed Organization.

Organizations today are characterized by changing structures and shifting employee loyalty, both of which make research on identification especially timely. Based on social identity theory, this st...
Biomechanical comparison: stability of lateral-approach anterior lumbar interbody fusion and lateral fixation compared with anterior-approach anterior lumbar interbody fusion and posterior fixation in the lower lumbar spine

Object. The stability of lateral lumbar interbody graft—augmented fusion and supplementary lateral plate fixation in human cadavers has not been determined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate biomechanical stabilities of the following: 1) femoral ring allograft (FRA)—augmented anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) after left lateral discectomy combined with additional lateral MACS HMA plate and screw fixation; and 2) ALIF combined with posterior transpedicular fixation after anterior discectomy. Methods. Sixteen human lumbosacral spines were loaded with six modes of motion. The intervertebral motion was measured using a video-based motion-capturing system. The range of motion (ROM) and the neutral zone (NZ) in each loading mode were compared with a maximum of 7.5 Nm. The ROM values for both stand-alone ALIF approaches were similar to those of the intact spine, whereas NZ measurements were higher in most loading modes. No significant intergroup differences were found. The ROM and ...
Labor Force Characteristics of ‘High Tech’ vs. ‘Low Tech’ Manufacturing in Nonmetropolitan Counties in the West

To replace lost jobs and re-stimulate economies, community economic development policies are focusing on “high technology” manufacturing industries. National statistics indicate that this focus has promise. For communities to realize this potential, however, the specific occupational structures of the establishments locating in nonmetropolitan communities must meet employment needs and goals. According to the product-profit life cycle hypothesis, manufacturing firms locate in nonmetropolitan areas primarily to take advantage of low wage, low skill labor. If this is true for high tech manufacturing, their occupational structures and employment impacts may differ little from traditional nonmetropolitan manufacturers. The purpose of this paper is to (1) provide a further test of the product-profit cycle hypothesis for high tech manufacturing; (2) determine if high and low tech manufacturers provide different employment opportunities for nonmetropolitan communities; and (3) determine if the educational requir...
Odor-mediated alleyway performance as a function of squad position with varied donors

Squads of three rats were administered rewarded and nonrewarded trials in a straight alleyway, with all three members getting the same type of goal event on a given trial. Both the membership of the squads and the position of individual rats within the squads were randomized across days. Run speeds were examined as a function of the type of goal event and the squad position. Speeds on rewarded trials did not change as a function of squad position. Speeds on nonrewarded trials decreased increasingly when rats occupied the second and third squad positions. The tendency to run relatively slowly in the third position on nonrewarded trials was inversely related to the amount of training rats had received in the first squad position. The results support the inference that odor emissions from rats on nonrewarded trials are similar from rat to rat, rather than idiosyncratic, that they accumulate, and that greater concentrations provide more effective discriminative stimuli.
A case of rectal abuse of Preparation H.

Phenylephrine is a fairly selective alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist that is chemically very similar to epinephrine, differing only in the absence of a hydroxyl group on the benzene ring. At very ...
Folding pyrin into the family.

Abstract The first structure of a pyrin domain confirms its membership in the death domain superfamily, reveals a local unfolding of the third of six helices, and suggests that the folding/unfolding transition of this helix may be an important determinant of the function and disease related dysfunction of this domain.
Mass driver reaction engine characteristics and performance in earth orbital transfer missions

The mass driver reaction engine (MDRE) can be used for the transfer of large payloads (hundreds to thousands of tons or more) between low Earth orbit (LEO) and geosynchronous orbit (GEO) or beyond. The mass driver is a device for converting electric energy into kinetic energy of motion of reaction mass. It consists of an accelerator/decelerator and a number of "buckets". Each bucket has a cavity to contain a payload (reaction mass), and has one or more superconducting coils, but no moving parts. The reaction mass can be virtually any liquid or solid material, in any physical form. The machine could accelerate, for example, liquid oxygen, powdered metal recovered in orbit from surplus Shuttle external tanks, or raw lunar soil. The reaction mass and exhaust velocity can be chosen so that this effluent will have minimal effects in terms of leaving debris in orbit or disturbing the Earth's ionosphere. Preliminary configurations of a typical MDRE are presented. The LEO to GEO cargo orbit transfer mission events are outlined. Basic rocket equations are developed for LEO to GEO round-trip missions using a single exhaust velocity. Delivered payload, reaction mass, trip time, reaction mass flow rate, and power required are presented for different missions, specific power plant masses and efficiencies. Reaction mass trajectories, debris hazard, and effects on the Earth's ionosphere are discussed in terms of different thrusting strategies.
Detection of Echovirus 18 in Human Breast Milk

We detected enteroviral RNA and cultured infectious virus from a series of banked breast milk samples from the mother of an infant with neonatal sepsis; sequencing of the enterovirus isolate identified it as echovirus type 18. In this case, it is possible that enterovirus transmission occurred through the breast milk.
The fabrication of a ceramic-metal crown to fit an existing removable partial denture clasp

An indirect-direct technique of fabricating a ceramic-metal crown to fit a removable partial denture clasp has been described. The chief advantage of the technique is that the entire procedure can be performed without depriving the patient of the prosthesis.
Dynamics and control of the Czochralski process III. Interface dynamics and control requirements

Abstract An expanded set of control objectives related to achieving line defect, crystal shape, and segregation requirements is proposed for Czochralski crystal growth. Consideration of the thermal stress near the interface yields an operating regime specification in terms of interface shape. A lumped order model of the process is proposed that captures the dominant nonlinear dynamics while relating important control objectives to conventional and advanced actuators. The dynamic characteristics of the interface shape and input/outputs that limit the achievable controller performance are identified.
Characterization of dynamic behavior of flexure-based mechanisms for precision angular alignment

Angular alignment is a critical requirement in numerous precision motion control applications. Examples include beam-steering in optical communications and tool-sample alignment in imprint lithography. Flexural mechanisms are being widely used in such applications. The absence of non-linearities, including friction and backlash, makes flexural components ideal for achieving atomic-scale resolution. Closed-loop control implementations of flexural angle alignment mechanisms have been attempted in the literature in various cases. Performance limitations in closed-loop control implementations have been characterized traditionally considering effects of actuators, sensors, and control algorithms used. However, a critical limiting factor is imposed by the open-loop response of the plant, i.e. the natural frequencies of the flexural mechanism itself. In this paper, we assemble models for characterizing the dynamic behavior of flexural mechanisms for angular alignment. The performance trade-offs in terms of range, load-capacity, and control bandwidth are highlighted. A state-space formulation is proposed for mapping design performance variables, such as vertical deflection or angular acceleration. The effects on dynamic performance imposed by asymmetry resulting from manufacturing errors are studied.
Psychobiology and treatment of anniversary reactions.

In this article I want to share with you our approach to recognizing the existence of the anniversary phenomenon and to treating those whose anniversary reactions could result in self-destructive behavior. Dr. Keith Fischer and I have been studying this phenomenon since 1951. '.' I also want to discuss observations and data culled from the behavioral and biologic sciences that help explain it. For example, in our work we have begun to understand the "Why now?" of a heart attack as the manifestation of an anniversary reaction. This reaction is a psychobiologic response to the recollection at a specific time of a stressful event in the past, destined to produce symptoms in the future-symptoms that can be anticipated and prevented. The usual trigger is a time consciously or unconsciously selected by the patient, or an event occurring in the present that sets off the reexperiencing of the original trauma. Either of these can result in one or all of the following manifestations: physical illness, such as heart attack; emotional illness, such as depression; and behavioral illness, such as substance abuse. Belief in the idea that a human may be self-programmed to bring on illness or death at some specified time may seem to resemble belief in the incantations of a witch doctor. However, the frequency with which the reaction occurs has convinced us that an individual can have internal mechanisms that set the pathogenic process in motion and eventual-
Models for Surf Zone Dynamics

Longshore current models have been tested using NSTS measurements at Leadbetter Beach, Santa Barbara. The NSTS provided data on nearshore currents for a variety of wave conditions including narrow banded (in frequency and direction) swell waves of small and moderate height and wide banded waves during local storms. The theoretical models include a two-dimensional, finite element, monochromatic wave driven model (Wu et al., 1985) and one-dimensional (i. e., no longshore variations) random wave driven model (Thornton and Guza, 1986). These models assume the waves are narrow banded in frequency and direction and use a single frequency and direction to describe the input wave field. In keeping with the narrow band wave assumption, data from four days with narrow band swell (3–6 February) were used for comparisons. Empirical orthogonal eigenfunctions were used to find longshore current patterns during all directional wave conditions (Guza et al., 1986). This chapter summarizes these papers and presents additional comparisons to a simple one-dimensional monochromatic wave model (Longuet-Higgins, 1970).
The acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization approach to silicon containing materials

Abstract The utility of acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization in the synthesis of silicon–carbon hybrid materials is reviewed. Silicon containing macromolecules are synthesized from organosilicon α,ω-dienes (except those which are divinyl substituted). As an extension of olefin metathesis, ADMET is catalyzed by many transition metal complexes which either initiate the formation of carbene complexes (“ill-defined” catalysts) or by metallacarbene complexes (“well-defined” catalysts). Constant developments of catalytic systems have made this methodology more viable by allowing incorporation of numerous silicon containing functionalities into the polymer's backbone or pendant to it. Divinyl substituted organosilicon derivatives are inert to ADMET conditions; they undergo silylative coupling (SC) polycondensation catalyzed by ruthenium and rhodium complexes yielding metathesis-like products, although this transformation proceeds via a non-metallacarbene mechanism.
A Local Curvature Operator

A 2-D local operator is described for computing the local curvature of intensity isocontours in a digital image. The operator directly estimates the average local curvature of the isointensity contours, and does not require the explicit detection of edges. In a manner similar to the Hueckel operator, a series of 2D basis functions defined over a circular local neighborhood extract a set of coefficients from the image at each point of investigation. These coefficients describe an approximation to a circular arc assumed to pass through the neighborhood center, and the curvature is taken as the inverse of the estimated arc radius. The optimal set of basis functions for approximating this particular target pattern is shown to be the Fourier series. Discretization of the continuous basis functions can create anisotropy problems for the local operator; however, these problems can be overcome either by using a set of correction functions, or by choosing a discrete function which closely approximates the circular neighborhood. The method is validated using known geometric shapes and is shown to be accurate in estimating both curvature and the orientation of the isocontours. When applied to a test image the curvature operator provides regional curvature measurements compatible with visible edges in the image.
Design and process considerations for 1200V HVIC technology

A 1200V LDMOS structure based on 600V LDMOS technology has been developed for level shifters of industrial high side gate driver IC and SPM® solution. For a 1200V LDMOS, the two serious phenomena occurred such as walk-out of a few hundreds volts and burn-out at a few µA of drain current during breakdown measurement unlike 600V LDMOS having rugged breakdown characteristics. In this work, these challenges were clearly solved by critical techniques and LDMOS showed stable breakdown voltage of about 1400V without walk-out and burn-out phenomena. Here, the causes and prevention technics on these challenges are described in detail in this paper.
Subharmonic Triple Buncher for a High-Efficiency Free Electron Laser

A high-efficiency free electron laser oscillator experiment is being constructed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. A buncher system has been designed to deliver 30-ps, 5-nC electron bunches to a 20-MeV standing-wave linac at the 60th subharmonic of the 1300-MHz accelerator frequency. The first 108.3-MHz buncher cavity accepts a 5-ns, 5-A peak current pulse from a triode gun. Following a 120-cm drift space, a second 108.3-MHz cavity is used, primarily to enhance the bunching of the trailing half of the bunch. A 1300-MHz cavity with 20-cm drift spaces at each end completes the beamline components. The bunching process continues into the linac's first three accelerating cells. Two thin iron-shielded lenses and seven large-diameter solenoids provide axial magnetic fields for radial focusing.
The Importance of Communicating Workplace Privacy Policies

Employers today are faced with the task of managing workplace privacy, dealing with potential litigation, preserving the confidentiality of company information while protecting the rights of the employee. Since September 11, 2001, employers have faced new challenges including the implementation of new laws and the development of more sophisticated technology. As a result, workplace policies dealing with privacy must be clearly and effectively communicated to all affected workers. The objective of this survey research project was to measure the general public’s attitudes and perceptions of the communication of work place privacy policies. An emphasis was placed on the collection of real world data from multiple business and organizational environments, as opposed to data obtained in a controlled experimental setting.
Integration and cataloging of engineering design information

An engineering design database system that consists of a query interface, a knowledge representation structure called the semantic association graph (SAG), and a design store is presented. SAG classifies existing design specifications by exploiting the common capabilities of a set of designs. The SAG generation algorithm computes the subsumption relations among design specifications (if they exist). The creation, evolution, and querying of the SAG structure are presented. The designer simply states the input requirements in the form of a simple declarative query which is mapped into the SAG structure. The system then suggests a set of designs that partially match the input requirements. The designer then takes these suggestions and retrieves the detailed design knowledge from the design store. The resulting scheme resembles KL-ONE, but has additional properties such as node sharing to model overlapping concepts. >
Psychological Abuse, Self-Esteem, and Women's Dating Relationship Outcomes: A Comparison of the Self-Verification and Self-Enhancement Perspectives

Self-verification theory implies that people with negative self-views may be drawn to abusive partners who mistreat them. However, abusive partner behavior differs from the types of partner feedbac...
Wetland-driven shifts in suspended particulate organic matter composition of the Hudson River estuary, New York

Elemental carbon and nitrogen, stable isotopes, and lignin phenols were quantified for suspended particulate material exchanging between Tivoli Bays wetlands and the main stem of the freshwater–tidal Hudson River estuary (HRE) across a tidal cycle, seasonally in 2006 and monthly in 2007 during the ice-free portion of the year. Temporal shifts in organic matter (OM) composition ranged from 33.1 to 247.6 mg g21 particulate organic carbon (POC), 234.7% to 227.2% stable carbon isotopic signature of POC (d13CPOC), 23.6% to 13.6% nitrogen isotopic signature of particulate nitrogen (d15NPN), and 0.8 to 25.0 mg per 100 mg OC lignin phenols. From May to August, the wetlands transferred abundant (up to 247.6 mg g21), chemically distinctive (d13CPOC as depleted as 234.7%) particulate OM to the HRE, particularly Tivoli South Bay. We estimated a net export of . 60 Mg km22 yr21 POC from Tivoli Bays into the HRE. Mixing model iterations indicated that planktonic OM was the dominant source (50% to 86%) during summertime, while contributions from allochthonous and planktonic OM during other seasons were roughly equivalent (, 38%). Taken together, both geochemical data and mixing modeling underscore the function and value of HRE tidal wetlands as major generators of compositionally unique and labile POC for the estuarine carbon budget. In a broader context, lateral aquatic connections with tidal wetlands at seasonal or localized scales may overshadow internal or upland influences on OM composition, production, and processing in estuaries; a latent but key consideration when deciphering temporal and longitudinal trends.
Molecular communication between androgen receptor and general transcription machinery

The androgen-androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway plays a key role in proper development and function of male reproductive organs. Like other transcriptional regulators, AR may communicate with the general transcription machinery on the core promoter to exert its function as a transcriptional modulator. The molecular communication between AR and the general transcription machinery may be achieved either by the direct protein-protein interaction between AR and the general transcription machinery or by the indirect interaction mediated by coregulators. Analyses of AR-mediated transcription suggest that the orchestrated interaction of AR with the transcription factors IIF (TFIIF) and IIH (TFIIH), and positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb), may increase efficiency of transcriptional elongation from the androgen target genes, such as prostate specific antigen (PSA). Based on studies so far, AR may regulate transcription not by enhanced assembly of preinitiation transcription complex but by regulating promoter clearance and elongation stage of transcription.
A model relating wearout induced physical changes in thin oxides to the statistical description of breakdown

A model that relates the physical wearout caused during high voltage or high current stressing of thin oxides to the measured statistical time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) distributions is discussed. Wearout is described in terms of changes that occurred in the oxide prior to breakdown. Traps are generated within the oxide during wearout and breakdown occurs locally when the local density of traps exceeds a critical value. The model is used to quantify several effects observed during TDDB measurements. The area dependence of breakdown distributions, the differences in the breakdown distributions of constant current stresses and constant voltage stresses and the multimodal distributions often observed are simulated using physically measured quantities and realistic assumptions about the trap distributions inside the oxides. Several TDDB distributions measured by others are fitted using the model developed. >
Explaining hormone-deprivation therapy failure in prostate cancer patients

In 1941, Huggins and Hodges demonstrated the clinical efficacy of hormonal manipulation for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer [1]. Hormone deprivation therapies employing surgical and/or ...
Diet-induced obesity and low testosterone increase neuroinflammation and impair neural function

Background: Low testosterone and obesity are independent risk factors for dysfunction of the nervous system including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, we investigate the independent and cooperative interactions of testosterone and diet-induced obesity on metabolic, inflammatory, and neural health indices in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Methods: Male C57B6/J mice were maintained on normal or high-fat diet under varying testosterone conditions for a four-month treatment period, after which metabolic indices were measured and RNA isolated from cerebral cortex and sciatic nerve. Cortices were used to generate mixed glial cultures, upon which embryonic cerebrocortical neurons were co-cultured for assessment of neuron survival and neurite outgrowth. Peripheral nerve damage was determined using paw-withdrawal assay, myelin sheath protein expression levels, and Na + ,K + -ATPase activity levels. Results: Our results demonstrate that detrimental effects on both metabolic (blood glucose, insulin sensitivity) and proinflammatory (cytokine expression) responses caused by diet-induced obesity are exacerbated by testosterone depletion. Mixed glial cultures generated from obese mice retain elevated cytokine expression, although low testosterone effects do not persist ex vivo. Primary neurons co-cultured with glial cultures generated from high-fat fed animals exhibit reduced survival and poorer neurite outgrowth. In addition, low testosterone and diet-induced obesity combine to increase inflammation and evidence of nerve damage in the peripheral nervous system. Conclusions: Testosterone and diet-induced obesity independently and cooperatively regulate neuroinflammation in central and peripheral nervous systems, which may contribute to observed impairments in neural health. Together, our findings suggest that low testosterone and obesity are interactive regulators of neuroinflammation that, in combination with adipose-derived inflammatory pathways and other factors, increase the risk of downstream disorders including type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease.
Cisco's “Virtual” Finance Organization

In today's post-dot-com era, finance and IT must form a new partnership. Here's how one company did it. The payoff? Instant up-to-the-minute financial information and the ability to react more quickly. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Iron-sulfur proteins, the most numerous and most diversified components of the mitochondrial electron transfer system.

The field of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) proteins has developed rapidly in the past ten years, in depth and in breadth, as is best witnessed by the appearance within the past few years of three volumes of a treatise exclusively devoted to these compounds (1). The great number and variety of recently discovered plant, bacterial and mammalian Fe-S proteins and of the reactions catalyzed by them, exemplify this progress. This presentation will focus on the last mentioned area, namely that of Fe-S proteins in mammalian systems, more precisely on those occurring in the electron transfer system of mitochondria.
High-dose perioperative atorvastatin and acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery: a randomized clinical trial

Importance Statins affect several mechanisms underlying acute kidney injury (AKI). Objective To test the hypothesis that short-term high-dose perioperative atorvastatin would reduce AKI following cardiac surgery. Design, Setting, and Participants Double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial of adult cardiac surgery patients conducted from November 2009 to October 2014 at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Interventions Patients naive to statin treatment (n = 199) were randomly assigned 80 mg of atorvastatin the day before surgery, 40 mg of atorvastatin the morning of surgery, and 40 mg of atorvastatin daily following surgery (n = 102) or matching placebo (n = 97). Patients already taking a statin prior to study enrollment (n = 416) continued taking the preenrollment statin until the day of surgery, were randomly assigned 80 mg of atorvastatin the morning of surgery and 40 mg of atorvastatin the morning after (n = 206) or matching placebo (n = 210), and resumed taking the previously prescribed statin on postoperative day 2. Main Outcomes and Measures Acute kidney injury defined as an increase of 0.3 mg/dL in serum creatinine concentration within 48 hours of surgery (Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria). Results The data and safety monitoring board recommended stopping the group naive to statin treatment due to increased AKI among these participants with chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate 2 ) receiving atorvastatin. The board later recommended stopping for futility after 615 participants (median age, 67 years; 188 [30.6%] were women; 202 [32.8%] had diabetes) completed the study. Among all participants (n = 615), AKI occurred in 64 of 308 (20.8%) in the atorvastatin group vs 60 of 307 (19.5%) in the placebo group (relative risk [RR], 1.06 [95% CI, 0.78 to 1.46]; P = .75). Among patients naive to statin treatment (n = 199), AKI occurred in 22 of 102 (21.6%) in the atorvastatin group vs 13 of 97 (13.4%) in the placebo group (RR, 1.61 [0.86 to 3.01]; P = .15) and serum creatinine concentration increased by a median of 0.11 mg/dL (10th-90th percentile, −0.11 to 0.56 mg/dL) in the atorvastatin group vs by a median of 0.05 mg/dL (10th-90th percentile, −0.12 to 0.33 mg/dL) in the placebo group (mean difference, 0.08 mg/dL [95% CI, 0.01 to 0.15 mg/dL]; P = .007). Among patients already taking a statin (n = 416), AKI occurred in 42 of 206 (20.4%) in the atorvastatin group vs 47 of 210 (22.4%) in the placebo group (RR, 0.91 [0.63 to 1.32]; P = .63). Conclusions and Relevance Among patients undergoing cardiac surgery, high-dose perioperative atorvastatin treatment compared with placebo did not reduce the risk of AKI overall, among patients naive to treatment with statins, or in patients already taking a statin. These results do not support the initiation of statin therapy to prevent AKI following cardiac surgery. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT00791648
Special beam arrays for scintillation reduction

A number of spatial coherence-related strategies are considered for the reduction of optical beam scintillation in turbulence. Among these are Bessel beam arrays, Airy beam arrays, and nonuniform polarization.
How to embrace performativity while avoiding the rabbit hole

On the one hand, it is intuitive that the way we think about and represent economic things will alter the economy that we are representing. For example, a management consultant's diagram, a financi...
The Feeding Behavior of Atlanticus testaceus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)

The feeding behavior of Atlanticus testaceus (Scudder), a decticine katydid, was investigated in 1958–61 in Livingston County, southeastern Michigan. The ecology, local and seasonal distribution, and behavior of the insect were observed in the field; and, in the laboratory, the animal's mandibular morphology, crop contents, food selection, and food restriction were studied. Although Atlanticus prefers animal food, its diet consists more of plant than of animal materials because suitable prey are insufficiently available. Its choice of food plants is wide, including the leaves and especially the flowers of forbs, the fruits of certain woody plants and occasionally their leaves, and even the flowers of grasses. Its animal food is obtained partly by scavenging and partly by predation; the prey consists largely of small insects that are abundant in its environment, but it sometimes catches and eats larger, more powerful insects, especially when they are disabled. It is also cannibalistic. These observations, together with the strongly carnivorous adaptation of the mandibles, suggest that Atlanticus is a carnivore by preference but an omnivore by necessity.
537 An Important Cause of Dyskinesia

Kernicterus has been referred to a disease of the past. However, we report two cases of kernicterus presenting with a dyskinetic movement disorder. Both cases had neonatal jaundice and were well until the age of 3 years with normal intellect. On examination dystonia, dyskinesia and chorea were seen. Further examination revealed an upgaze palsy and auditory neuropathy. Kernicterus describes a neurological syndrome resulting from deposition of unconjuated bilirubin in basal ganglia & brainstem nuclei. With the recent NICE guidance for jaundice therapy these cases highlight the importance of rigorous treatment of hyperbilirubinaemia. They also remind us to consider kernicterus as a diagnosis in a child presenting with a movement disorder and normal intellect.
Use of electronic medical record-based tools to improve compliance with cervical cancer screening guidelines: effect of an educational intervention on physicians' practice patterns

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether electronic medical record (EMR)-based tools influence providers' compliance with guidelines for cervical cancer screening in adolescent (<21 y) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three EMR-based tools to educate providers on cervical cancer screening guidelines were implemented midyear in 2010. Charts of adolescents with Pap and/or human papillomavirus results from January to December 2010 were reviewed. Physicians' demographic data were collected. Appropriateness of the index Pap and follow-up were determined using American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology guidelines. RESULTS A total of 380 Pap tests were completed on 374 adolescents. Fewer Pap tests were done after the EMR interventions (229 vs 151, p < .0005). The proportion of Pap tests ordered by primary care providers was significantly higher than obstetrician-gynecologists (Ob/Gyns) (70% vs 30%, p < .0005). The number of Pap tests done by Ob/Gyns decreased 60% after EMR interventions (from 82 to 33, p < .0005) and that done by primary care physicians decreased 20% (from 147 to 118, p = .08). Indicated Pap tests were more often ordered by Ob/Gyn than by primary care, especially after EMR changes (31.4% vs 7.6%, p < .0005). Reflex human papillomavirus testing (if atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance) was high (74%) and did not improve after the EMR changes (72% vs 76%). The rate of co-testing in adolescents decreased in the primary care department after the EMR changes (13% vs 6%, p = .049). CONCLUSIONS Electronic medical record prompts improved compliance with cervical cytology guidelines for adolescents, suggesting that EMR may be an important tool to enhance compliance with changing recommendations.
Coral Reefs: Challenges, Opportunities and Evolutionary Strategies for Surviving Climate Change in the Caribbean

Coral reefs are some one of the most diverse marine ecosystems on Earth. They are renowned hotspots of species biodiversity and provide home to a large array of marine plants and animals. Over the past 100 years in many tropical regions sea surface temperatures have increased by almost 1°C and are currently increasing at about 1–2°C per century. Corals have very specific thermal thresholds beyond which their temperature sensitive symbiot Zooxanthellae becomes affected and causes corals to bleach. Mass bleaching has already caused significant losses to live coral in many parts of the world. This paper looks at the key role that temperature plays in affecting the health and spatial distribution of coral in the Caribbean. The relationship between coral and symbiot is examined, in addition to some of the evolutionary strategies necessary to ensure the future survival of coral with changing climate.
A qualitative assessment of systematic instructional design training by CLS faculty members.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the perceived value clinical laboratory science (CLS) faculty members gave to their participation in workshops on the use of a modified systematic instruction design (SID) model to develop curriculum and on-line courses. DESIGN: A survey assessing the perceived value of SID training was sent to 27 CLS faculty members. The survey asked the respondents to assess the value of the training that they received in developing their skills in Web-based, distance learning course development and teaching, and expanding their skills in traditional course development and teaching. The eight components of SID were listed and the respondents rated each component as to its value to them on a 5-point Likert scale of 5 = very valuable to 1 = not very valuable. In addition to rating the value of each SID component, the respondents were asked if they would like more training in any of the eight components. RESULTS: A majority of the18 respondents (67%) reported that the training in SID was valuable to them. A strong majority of the respondents indicated that their training in goal and instructional analyses (96%), media selection (94%), and aligning objectives, assessments, and instructional strategies (94%) were valuable to their distance education programs and their traditional teaching skills. CONCLUSION: Faculty members who actively participated in SID training valued their new skills in developing distance education courses as well as improving their traditional teaching activities. Research is needed on the effect these new teaching skills have on student learning. ABBREVIATIONS:CETs = content expert teams; CLS = clinical laboratory science; SID = systematic instructional design; WBE = Web-based education; WebCLS = Web-based education in clinical laboratory science.
Forecasting: The MPS Model

Modigliani studied statistics with Abraham Wald, who was also a mathematician, and a general equilibrium theorist. Modigliani taught econometrics and had the reputation of forming theories that clearly explain reality. His reputation as a forecaster started with early collaborative work with his teachers at the New School on the specification of international trade functions. By far, however, Modigliani’s work on the FRB-MIT-SSRC model, which took on a large-scale econometric view of the macro economy, is his most important contribution to econometric forecasting. In that model, Modigliani flirted with an early version of the Rational Expectation Hypothesis (REH). He made many econometric forecasts for foreign countries based on that model. We will discuss his essential contributions to forecasting in this chapter.
Food Composition Tables: Basis, Uses and Limitations

(1960). Food Composition Tables: Basis, Uses and Limitations. Postgraduate Medicine: Vol. 28, The Cleveland Clinic, pp. 295-307.
Targeting Oxidative Stress in Central Nervous System Disorders

There is widespread recognition that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play key roles in normal brain function and pathology in the context of neurological disease. Oxidative stress continues to be a key therapeutic target for neurological diseases. In developing antioxidant therapies for neurological disease, special attention should be given to the brain's unique vulnerability to oxidative insults and its architecture. Consideration of antioxidant therapy should be guided by a strong rationale for oxidative stress in a given neurological disease. This review provides an overview of processes that can guide the development of antioxidant therapies in neurological diseases, such as knowledge of basic redox mechanisms, unique features of brain pathophysiology, mechanisms and classes of antioxidants, and desirable properties of drug candidates.
Closing the Research to Teaching Gap in HR

Recent attention in the management literature has focused on the research-practice gap. Given the potential of research to inform, enlighten, and improve management practice, we suggest that closing the research-practice gap at least in part requires a closer examination of the role of teaching. As such, this paper focuses on the relationship between research and teaching in human resource (HR) management and how to synergize the research and teaching roles of HR faculty. The paper provides a brief review of relevant literature, examines reasons for the existence of the research-teaching gap, and provides practical suggestions for closing the gap in HR.
The Solar Wind

This chapter provides a broad overview of the physical nature of the solar wind, a super-sonic flowing plasma, that originates in the solar corona and fills interplanetary space. It begins with the discovery of the solar wind early in the space age and proceeds to discuss the basic physical properties of the solar wind plasma and its embedded magnetic field. Emphasis is on the spatial and temporal structure of the wind, the relation of that structure to structure in the solar corona, and the evolution of the wind with distance from the Sun. The chapter includes discussions of minor constituents of the solar wind, including various energetic particle populations present, as well as turbulence and fluctuations and the nature of the wind’s interaction with the interstellar medium in the outermost regions of the solar system.