cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developmental Differences in Risk Factors for Suicide Attempts between Ninth and Eleventh Graders.

In order to identify differences in risk factors for suicide attempts throughout adolescence, this study utilized a school-based survey of ninth (n = 1,192) and eleventh graders (N = 1,055). Suicide attempts were associated with cigarette and alcohol use, family violence, and depression for ninth graders and with illicit drug use, school violence, and sexual abuse for eleventh graders, while having friends was protective for both groups. Additionally, having more than one risk factor imparted an exponential risk for suicide attempts (ninth > eleventh graders). The differences detected are consistent with developmental changes of adolescence and represent important information for identification of at-risk youth.
Towards understanding bugs in open source router software

Software errors and vulnerabilities in core Internet routers have led to several high-profile attacks on the Internet infrastructure and numerous outages. Building an understanding of bugs in open-source router software is a first step towards addressing these problems. In this paper, we study router bugs found in two widely-used open-source router implementations. We evaluate the root cause of bugs, ease of diagnosis and detectability, ease of prevention and avoidance, and their effect on network behavior.
NUMERICAL STUDIES OF MAGNETIC FIELD ANNIHILATION.

The behaviour of a plasma permeated by a magnetic field, where the field possessess a hyperbolic neutural point, is considered. Results from numerical solutions of the magnetohydrodynamic formulation for such flows are reported. Problems are posed with the solar flare models of Dungey, Sweet & Petschek in mind. No evidence is found to support the idea that compression of the field lines near a hyperbolic null, in the presence of electrical resistance, can radically alter the geometry of those field lines (e.g. the formation of switch-off shocks). These computations do show that, for large values of the magnetic Reynolds number, a rate of annihilation, more rapid than that derived from order-of-magnitude estimates, is possible.
1‐d‐Aldehydes from Organometallic Reagents: 2‐Methylbutanal‐1‐d

1-d-Aldehydes from organometallic reagents: 2-methylbutanal-1-d reactant: 118 g. (0.752 mole) of N-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)formamide solvent: 1500 ml. of N,N-dimethylformamide intermediate: 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl isonitrile intermediate: N-(2-Methylbutylidene-1-d)-1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutylamine product: 2-methylbutanal-1-d, Keywords: alkylation, C-alkylation; elimination, miscellaneous; hydrolysis, miscellaneous; sec-butylmagnesium bromide, preparation of; N,N-dimethylformamide; N-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)formamide, preparation of; isonitriles (isocyanides); distillation, apparatus, of volatile aldehydes; stirrers, Hershberg
Cardiac Abnormalities in Children With Sickle Cell Anemia

The cardiac status of 64 children (ages 0.2 to 18 yr) with sickle cell anemia documented by hemoglobin electrophoresis was evaluated by echocardiography. Left atrial, left ventricular and aortic root dimensions were significantly increased in over 60 percent of these children at all ages compared to values for 99 normal black (non-SCA) control subjects. Left ventricular wall thickness was increased in only 20 percent of older children with sickle cell anemia. Estimated LV mass/m 2 and left ventricular cardiac index were increased compared to control subjects (p
Normal Adolescent Development from a Cognitive Viewpoint

While adolescent psychopathology has been studied from both clinical and nonclinical points of view, the cognitive aspects have been relatively neglected and the interplay between feeling and thinking in the psychogenesis of disorder has remained obscure and unexplained within the context of any systematic theory. Recent work on cognition at this stage has opened up new vistas to the clinician, especially since the changes taking place in this area during adolescence have been found to be as profound and far-reaching as any in the biological, psychosexual, and emotional spheres. Only tentative efforts have as yet been made to correlate the cognitive with other developments and thus provide the clinical assessment with greater explanatory power. A closer look at new intellectual skills emerging during normal adolescence is an important first step in this direction.
Private Lives, Proper Relations: Regulating Black Intimacy by Candice M. Jenkins

Candice M. Jenkins' Private Lives, Proper Relations: Regulating Black Intimacy is a timely analysis of the public and private faces of Black intimacy. The text takes aim at the persistent themes of...
Possible evidence for the statistical excitation of collective modes in heavy ion induced fission

Abstract Angular momentum transfer in the fission of 194 Hg has been studied utilizing gamma-ray multiplicity techniques. The results indicate that the fragment spins are considerably larger than expected from rigid rotation. The data are compared with the predictions of a simple model which assumes the statistical excitation of a variety of collective modes.
Managing the Software Process

Foreword. Preface. I. SOFTWARE PROCESS MATURITY. A Software Maturity Framework. The Principles of Software Process Change. Software Process Assessment. The Initial Process. II. THE REPEATABLE PROCESS. Managing Software Organizations. The Project Plan. Software Configuration Management-Part 1: Software Quality Assurance. III. THE DEFINED PROCESS. Software Standards. Software Inspections. Software Testing. Software Configuration Management (Continued). Defining the Software Process. The Software Engineering Process Group IV. THE MANAGED PROCESS. Data Gathering and Analysis. Managing Software Quality. V. THE OPTIMIZING PROCESS. Defect Prevention. Automating The Software Process. Contracting for Software. Conclusion. Appendices. Index. 0201180952T04062001
A Two-Phase Fluid Model Based on the Linearized Constitutive Equations

A two-fluid two-phase flow model is presented. The conservation equations for the two-phase mixture of fluids are derived from the theory of multiphase mixtures where the field equations for each phase are obtained by carrying out volume averaging of the macroscopic field equations of each phase over an arbitrary volume region in space. The model formulated in this manner is consistent with the theory of mixtures when the interfacial area is reduced to zero and it satisfies the coordinate frame invariance. The second law of thermodynamics for each phase is utilized to obtain restrictions on the constitutive assumption which includes the effects of temperature gradient, velocity gradients, density gradients, viscous drag, and virtual mass. The linearized and coordinate frame invariant constitutive equations are presented, and the forms of these equations are compared with the previous investigations. In all cases considered, the presented model gives superior results and reduces to simpler models currently available. To obtain these simple models requires, in many instances, questionable assumptions.
A proof of the data compression theorem of Slepian and Wolf for ergodic sources (Corresp.)

If \{(X_i, Y_i)\}_{i=1}^{\infty} is a sequence of independent identically distributed discrete random pairs with (X_i, Y_i) ~ p(x,y) , Slepian and Wolf have shown that the X process and the Y process can be separately described to a common receiver at rates R_X and R_Y hits per symbol if R_X + R_Y > H(X,Y), R_X > H(X\midY), R_Y > H(Y\midX) . A simpler proof of this result will be given. As a consequence it is established that the Slepian-Wolf theorem is true without change for arbitrary ergodic processes \{(X_i,Y_i)\}_{i=1}^{\infty} and countably infinite alphabets. The extension to an arbitrary number of processes is immediate.
Cigarette rod length and its impact on serum cotinine and urinary total NNAL levels, NHANES 2007-2010.

INTRODUCTION Research suggests that smokers of slim, long, or ultralong cigarettes may have a perception of reduced harm from their own brand. This study compared serum cotinine and urinary total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanonol (NNAL) levels among smokers of regular-sized (68-72mm), king-sized (79-88mm), and long (94-101mm) or ultralong (110-121mm) cigarettes. METHODS Nationally representative data from the 2007-2008 and 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed for 3,699 current smokers aged ≥20 years. Biomarker levels were summarized using geometric means (GMs). Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to assess the effect of cigarette rod length on log-transformed serum cotinine and creatinine-adjusted urinary total NNAL levels. RESULTS The GM of serum cotinine level was higher among smokers of long/ultralong cigarettes (263.15ng/ml) compared with smokers of regular-sized (173.13ng/ml) or king-sized (213.79ng/ml) cigarettes. Similarly, the GM of creatinine-adjusted NNAL levels was higher among smokers of long/ultralong cigarettes (0.48ng NNAL/mg of creatinine) compared with smokers of regular-sized (0.34ng NNAL/mg of creatinine) or king-sized (0.33ng NNAL/mg of creatinine) cigarettes. After adjusting for potential confounders, mean cotinine and NNAL levels were both significantly higher among smokers of long/ultralong cigarettes compared with levels observed in smokers of either regular-sized or king-sized cigarettes. However, no significant differences were observed between smokers of regular-sized and king-sized cigarettes in mean levels of cotinine or NNAL. CONCLUSIONS Significantly elevated tobacco biomarker levels were observed among smokers of long/ultralong cigarettes compared with smokers of regular-sized or king-sized cigarettes. This underscores the need to educate the public about the dangers of all tobacco products.
Overexpression of neuropeptide Y in the central nucleus of the amygdala decreases ethanol self-administration in "anxious" rats.

Background: Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been implicated in a variety of behaviors including those associated with anxiety and ethanol administration. The current experiment investigated the predictive role of anxiety-like behaviors in ethanol self-administration and the relationship of NPY in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) with anxiety and ethanol self-administration. Methods: Rats were divided into anxious and nonanxious groups based on behavior in the elevated plus maze. Following elevated plus maze testing, rats were allowed to consume increasing concentrations of ethanol (2, 4, and 6%) in a 2-bottle choice procedure over a period of 31 days. anxious rats showed an increased preference for 4% ethanol and 6% ethanol compared with non-anxious rats. Following 20-day access to 6% ethanol, rats underwent gene transfer surgery with replication-defective recombinant herpes simplex 1 vectors encoding prepro-NPY, an antisense NPY RNA, or LacZ (control) into the CeA. Results: In anxious rats, bilateral injections into the CeA with the NPY-antisense vector increased 6% ethanol preference, while the vector encoding NPY decreased 6% ethanol preference. Herpes simplex viral-mediated alterations in CeA NPY expression did not alter ethanol preference in nonanxious rats. Conclusions: These results suggest that virally mediated alterations in NPY levels in the CeA differentially affect ethanol consumption in rats with low and high basal levels of anxiety.
Model of β-cell mitochondrial calcium handling and electrical activity. I. Cytoplasmic variables

We continue our development of a kinetic model of bursting electrical activity in the pancreatic β-cell ( J. Keizer and G. Magnus. Biophys. J. 56: 229–242, 1989), including the influence of Ca2+ ha...
CYP4A1 antisense oligonucleotide reduces mesenteric vascular reactivity and blood pressure in SHR

The cytochrome P-450 4A (CYP4A)-derived arachidonic acid metabolite 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) affects renal tubular and vascular functions and has been implicated in the control of ...
Chief complaints, diagnoses, and medications prescribed seven weeks post-Katrina in New Orleans.

Background In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, widespread flooding devastated the New Orleans healthcare system. Prior studies of post-hurricane healthcare do not consistently offer evidence-based recommendations for re-establishing patient care post-disaster. The primary objective of this study is to examine associations between patient characteristics, chief complaints, final diagnoses, and medications prescribed at a post-Katrina clinic to better inform strategic planning for post-disaster healthcare delivery (e.g., charitable donations of medications and medical supplies). Methods This study is a retrospective chart review of 465 patient visits from 02 September 2005 to 22 October 2005 at a post-Katrina clinic in New Orleans, Louisiana that was open for seven weeks, providing urgent care services in the central business district. Using logistic regression, the relationships between patient characteristics (date of visit, gender, age, evacuation status), type of chief complaint, final diagnosis, and type of medication prescribed was examined. Results Of 465 patients, 49.2% were middle-aged, 62.4% were men, 35% were relief workers, and 33.3% were evacuees; 35% of visits occurred in week five. Of 580 chief complaints, 71% were illnesses, 21% were medication refill requests, and 8.5% were injuries. Among 410 illness complaints, 25% were ears, nose, and throat (ENT)/dental, 17% were dermatologic, and 11% were cardiovascular. Most requested classes of medication refills for chronic medical conditions (n = 121) were cardiovascular (52%) and endocrine (24%). Most illness-related diagnoses (n = 400) were ENT/dental (18.2%), dermatologic (14.8%), cardiovascular (10.2%), and pulmonary (10.2%). Thirty-six percent of these diagnoses were infectious. Among 667 medications prescribed, 21% were cardiac agents, 13% pulmonary, 13% neurologic/musculoskeletal/pain, 11% antibiotics, 10% endocrine, and 9.3% anti-allergy. The likelihood of certain chief complaints, diagnoses, and medications prescribed varied with patient characteristics. Conclusions Donations of certain classes of medications were more useful than others. Prevalence of select co-morbidities, the nature of patient involvement in recovery activities in the disaster area, and post-disaster health hazards may explain variations in chief complaints, diagnoses, and medications prescribed by patient characteristics.
Atlantic Tropical Systems of 1977

Abstract The 1977 hurricane season produced 105 “tropical systems”, of which 19 acquired the closed circulation of a depression. Over half of these (69) originated over the African Continent. African seedlings initiated four of the six named Atlantic storms, and all but one of the eight east Pacific storms.
Monte Carlo simulations in acousto-photonic imaging

Acousto-Photonic imaging (API) is a new technique for non-invasive medical imaging combining diffusive optical tomography (DOT) and focused ultrasound. Monte Carlo simulations are presented for the interaction of Near-Infrared light (NIR) and ultrasound in dense turbid media with high albedo.
Health Insurance Information-Seeking Behaviors Among the Uninsured

As a result of the Affordable Care Act, millions of previously uninsured individuals are facing the daunting task of selecting health insurance. In order to better understand how to reach the uninsured and support their health insurance decision making, this study examined where the uninsured collect information about health insurance and the extent to which they trust those sources and media. We analyzed secondary data on health insurance information-seeking behaviors collected from a survey of 343 uninsured individuals. The Internet, mail, and television were among the most frequently used media, though all 3 had low trust scores. Participants sought information from health care providers and interpersonal sources less frequently but trusted it more than they trusted the media. Age, gender, race, and education were predictors of use and trust of different media and sources of health insurance information. Findings suggest that strategies that pair health care professionals, lay health advisors, or community liaisons with the ubiquity of the Internet may be a strong approach for delivering quality health insurance information to the uninsured. Tailoring messages might also be effective at reaching specific subgroups of the uninsured.
Petition Alleging Violations of the Human Rights of John Melvin Alexander et al. by the United States of America

This petition was submitted to the Inter-American Commission of Human Rights by Global Rights and Charles J. Ogletree, Jr. ("Petitioners") on behalf of John Melvin Alexander et al., survivors of a race riot that occurred in Tulsa, Oklahoma from May 31-June 1, 1921, and descendants of that riot's victims (collectively, "Victims"). This riot - in which an estimated 100-300 people were killed, 1,256 homes were destroyed and property worth approximately $21,743,016 in 2005 dollars ($2 million in 1921 dollars) was lost - devastated the African-American community living in Tulsa's Greenwood neighborhood. In the years since, Victims have continued to suffer from the denial of their right to resort to the courts for an effective remedy, and their right to equality before the law without distinction as to race.
Adsorption/desorption of ions in liquid crystal nanocolloids: the applicability of the Langmuir isotherm, impact of high electric fields and effects of the nanoparticle’s size

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the applicability and limitations of the Langmuir formalism applied to describe the ion adsorption/ion desorption in liquid crystal nanocolloids are discussed. The overall electrical neutrality of liquid crystals and nanoparticles is a key factor enabling the validity of the Langmuir isotherms. The approximation of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm is valid as long as the electrical potential of the nanoparticle’s surface is relatively small (), and the applied electric field is not very high (). Within these limits the Langmuir formalism can describe a broad variety of existing experimental data including the dependence of the concentration of mobile ions in liquid crystal nanocolloids on the size of nano-dopants.
Effect of body size on tail regeneration and recovery of swimming performance after caudal autotomy in a plethodontid salamander

I examined the effect of body size on the locomotor cost of caudal autotomy in the plethodontid salamander Desmognathus quadramaculatus. In this primarily aquatic species, larger individuals autotomize the tail less readily than smaller individuals, and this may be related to a greater locomotor cost of tail loss for larger individuals. To determine whether the rate of regeneration for tail length and the recovery of maximal locomotor performance after caudal autotomy vary with body size, I measured the rate of tail re-growth and the swimming burst speed for 14 individuals (snout-vent length = 42-106 mm) as they regenerated their tails. Burst speeds of individuals were significantly reduced after caudal autotomy. With the loss of about 62% of tail length, mean burst speed declined about 50%. Thus, caudal autotomy was costly in terms of a reduction in maximal locomotor performance in an aquatic environment. After the regeneration of 50% of the tail length that was lost, post-autotomy swimming speeds were not significantly different from pre-autotomy swimming speeds. The time required for this amount of tail length regeneration (about 63-143 d) increased significantly with body size. The rate of re-growth for the lost tail length declined significantly after the regeneration of 50% of tail length. These results demonstrate that the locomotor cost of tail loss is greater for larger individuals of D. quadramaculatus, and this may be related to a lower propensity for caudal autotomy and a greater propensity for alternative antipredator mechanisms (e.g., biting) for such individuals.
Alterations in serine metabolism in rats fed liquid synthetic diets.

The liquid synthetic diet proposed by Greenstein et al, has been found to support good growth rates, reproduction and lactation in rats (1,2). Therefore, this diet has been considered nutritionally complete and the content of essential plus non-essential amino acids considered optimal. This diet has recently been used as a control diet in studies of hepatic serine biosynthesis in rats. Prompt alterations in the concentration of several enzymes important in serine metabolism were noted. This observation suggests that synthetic diets supporting normal or near normal growth rates may nevertheless require significant compensatory changes in enzyme levels to provide required metabolites. The importance of this observation to the study of alterations caused by specific dietary deficiencies is apparent. These studies also demonstrate the importance of dietary amino acids in the regulation of enzyme levels in serine metabolism.Methods. Male Osborne-Mendel rats (40-80 g) were used in these studies. Liquid syntheti...
Cystic fibrosis. Comprehensive therapy.

A comprehensive program of treatment for patients with cystic fibrosis has been used for more than eight years and has been shown to be effective in preventing the development of irreversible pulmonary changes and in delaying progression of the disease. To be optimally effective, therapy must be instituted before the stage of irreversibility is reached.
Analysis of Power System Stabilizer Causing Oscillation in Nanyang Power Plant

PSS is an effective method of restraining low frequency oscillation in power system. The PSS with parameters already set caused low frequency oscillation with increased amplitude in Nanyang power plant. The reasons were found through detail analysis of its working principle, and the speed signal input to the PSS was adjusted. Tests show that PSS requires not only correct compensating parameters, but also moderate speed signal channel gain, in order to eliminate low frequency oscillation.
Research on the adjustment tend and countermeasures to the old industrial base in Heilongjiang province

Recently a focus from the theory circle has been on the old industrial base in Heilongjiang province as the study object. Discussion is made on the existing problems in the base and on the future development tend and countermeasures.
Epidemiological Analysis on Acute Flaccid Paralysis Cases and Evaluation on Its Surveillance System in Chengdu From 2001 to 2007

Objective To understand the epidemiological characters of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP)and the working quality of its surveillance system in Chengdu,so as to present guidance to maintain the poliomyelitis- free environment Method All the monitoring data of AFP reported in Chengdu from 2001 to 2007 were collect- ed and descriptive epidemiological method was used for analysis.Results 272 local AFP cases in children un- der 15 years old were reported in Chengdu from 2001 to 2007.The annual average incidence of AFP was 2.23 per 100 000.No wild-type poliovirus or poliomyelitis case found.Each of indexes for sensitivity,timeliness and integrity of AFP surveillance system exceed the relevant requirements of MOH.Conclusion AFP case sur- veillance system in Chengdu worked well over years.The no-vaccination and threat from input case still not disappeared.Timeliness of consultancy and case report,as well as quality of investigating AFP case need to be improved.Health education of vaccination and investigation skills training are proposed to be strengthened.
Transando el agua, produciendo territorios e identidades indígenas: el modelo de aguas chileno y los atacameños de Calama[*]

El Codigo de Aguas chileno de 1981 es un caso radical de libre mercado. En el desierto de Atacama, los atacamenos de la ciudad de Calama han movilizado su identidad indigena y la celebracion de tradiciones dentro del contexto de la imposicion de este codigo. Utilizando un enfoque de ecologia politica, en este articulo exploro como la reclamacion de los atacamenos en contra del modelo neoliberal de aguas esta entretejida con el proceso de formacion de identidad, tradiciones y el comportamiento del mercado. Para ello, estudio transacciones de derechos de aguas y realizo entrevistas a dirigentes urbanos. Los resultados permiten cuestionar la hipotesis de que en un libre mercado los derechos de agua fluyen hacia usos de mayor valor economico.
Sacral Neuromodulation for Bladder Dysfunction in Children: Indications, Results and Complications

Purpose of review Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is an approved treatment in adults. Despite multiple publications about its safety and efficacy in children, SNM has yet to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in this population. We aim to review all the published literature on SNM in children.
The Phenomenology of Particularity

The interdependence and independence of modern philosophy and the political is mirrored in the internal structure of the methodology appropriate to each of them. The method is neither philosophy nor politics. This independence permits it to serve two masters without being tyrannised by either. A loss of independence can come only from internal weakness. The methodological account of the necessary conditions of receptivity loses its logical articulation if it is divorced from the philosophical premises it articulates. As method, however, its function is genetic. It provides the Zutat that avoids the unmediated passage to the political as the completion of the explanation of the necessary receptivity to the categories of philosophy. The foundation of this genetic intervention is the structure of the originary philosophy. The second moment of method is founded by the same originary structure. It is inversely isomorphic to the first. The structure of particularity that completes the system by demonstrating the place of the political loses its phenomenological character if it is treated apart from the political structure from which it is the mediation. The phenomenological moment of the method thus plays a normative role. The contemplative Zusehen in which it culminates indicates that the political is a particular structure that cannot be extended arbitrarily. The method appropriate to modern politics is particular and limited. These polarities indicate that the two moments of method stand in an originary relation to one another. This originary structure explains how method can remain the independent servant of the philosophy and of the political domain that it articulates and mediates.
Seedling emergence and root elongation of four grass species and evaporation from bare soil as affected by polyacrylamide

Seedling establishment is particularly difficult on range soils with a tendency to crust. Although application of organic matter can correct this problem, it is usually scarce on rangeland and, in general, in arid areas. Therefore, synthetic soil conditioners have become important in replacing the effect of natural organic matter. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of polyacrylamide (PAM) on seedling emergence and root elongation of blue panicgrass (panicum antidotale), King Ranch bluestem (Bothriochloa ischaemum), plains bristlegrass (Setaria macrostachya) and sideoats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula), as well as on evaporation, infiltration and strength of soil with a tendency to crusting. Three trials were performed, with PAM doses of 0, 10, 20 and 40 kg ha−1. Polyacrylamide markedly improved emergence of sideoats grama, even at the lowest PAM application level, while blue panicgrass and King Ranch bluestem were unaffected. Plains bristlegrass had no emergence in any of the test plots and so statistical analysis was not performed. Roots of blue panicgrass and sideoats grama that grew in tubes treated with PAM were larger than untreated ones. Measurements of shear strength showed PAM reduced the crust on the soil surface. In general, as PAM concentration increased, shear strength values decreased. PAM reduced evaporation in the short and long term. Infiltration measurements were inconsistent. Results of this study suggest PAM may become important in rangeland areas because it can improve emergence as well as the root system of some grasses, reduce shear strength that is directly correlated with crust formation, and reduce evaporation.
Radio-Frequency (rf) Confinement in Ion Mobility Spectrometry: Apparent Mobilities and Effective Temperatures.

Ion mobility is a powerful tool for separating and characterizing the structures of ions. Here, a radio-frequency (rf) confining drift cell is used to evaluate the drift times of ions over a broad range of drift field strengths (E/P, V cm–1 Torr–1). The presence of rf potentials radially confines ions and results in excellent ion transmission at low E/P (less than 1 V cm–1 Torr–1), thereby reducing the dependence of ion transmission on the applied drift voltage. Non-linear responses between drift time and reciprocal drift voltages are observed for extremely low E/P and high rf amplitudes. Under these conditions, pseudopotential wells generated by the rf potentials dampen the mobility of ions. The effective potential approximation is used to characterize this mobility dampening behavior, which can be mitigated by adjusting rf amplitudes and electrode dimensions. Using SIMION trajectories and statistical arguments, the effective temperatures of ions in an rf-confining drift cell are evaluated. Results for the doubly charged peptide GRGDS suggest that applied rf potentials can result in a subtle increase (2 K) in effective temperature compared to an electrostatic drift tube. Additionally, simulations of native-like ions of the protein complex avidin suggest that rf potentials have a negligible effect on the effective temperature of these ions. In general, the results of this study suggest that applied rf potentials enable the measurement of drift times at extremely low E/P and that these potentials have negligible effects on ion effective temperature.
The Galileo Affair, 1633–1992

The focus in the last chapter was the fundamentals of Galileo’s trial. Its scope and import bear an analogy to the scope and import of Chapter 1, which covered the essentials of the geostatic world view. But note that this analogy (like any other analogy) exists in regard to things that are different: cosmological beliefs and theses on the one hand, and historical events and actions on the other. In this chapter the stress will be on the controversy generated by Galileo’s trial and condemnation.
Prognostic Utility of the Braden Scale and the Morse Fall Scale in Hospitalized Patients With Heart Failure.

Geriatric syndromes are common in hospitalized elders with heart failure (HF), but association with clinical outcomes is not well characterized. The purpose of this study (N = 289) was to assess presence of geriatric syndromes using Joint Commission-mandated measures, the Braden Scale (BS) and Morse Fall Scale (MFS), and to explore prognostic utility in hospitalized HF patients. Data extracted from the electronic medical record included sociodemographics, medications, clinical data, comorbid conditions, and the BS and MFS. The primary outcome of mortality was assessed using Social Security Death Master File. Statistical analysis included Cox proportional hazards models to assess association between BS and MFS scores and all-cause mortality with adjustment for known clinical prognostic factors. Higher risk BS and MFS scores were common in hospitalized HF patients, but were not independent predictors of survival. Further study of the clinical utility of these scores and other measures of geriatric syndromes...
Abstract A47: A patient-derived xenograft model of pancreatic cancer in mice to develop novel adjuvant therapies

Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; November 30-December 3, 2015; Austin, TX Background: Eighty percent of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) die from their disease within five years of surgical resection, likely due to presence of occult metastases at diagnosis. We have developed a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model in mice to investigate the behavior of occult metastatic cells in the liver microenvironment and derive novel adjuvant therapies. Methods: Five PDAC tumors (215, 366, 608, 654 and 738) were resected from patients and implanted orthotopically in mice. Tumors were harvested, cell lines generated and transduced with luciferase, then injected into spleens of mice to generate microscopic liver metastases, then primary tumors removed via splenectomy. Bioluminescence imaging of mice and histologic analysis and flow cytometry of livers were utilized to characterize each tumor's distinct pattern of cell clearance and outgrowth kinetics. Affymetrix gene expression of tumors was performed. Mice were treated with adjuvant therapy following resection of primary tumors in the spleen and time-to-progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) were measured. Results: Each PDX cell line demonstrated unique and reproducible clearance in the liver and outgrowth kinetics as measured by bioluminescence imaging. Distinct differences in gene expression were identified in tumors exhibiting rapid vs. delayed outgrowth. The MEK inhibitor trametinib (0.3 mg/kg oral daily) prolonged TTP and OS vs. control (OS - Tumor 608: 114 vs. 43 days, p<0.001; Tumor 366: MS not achieved vs. 167 days, p=0.0488). In a randomized preclinical trial, sequential therapy with gemcitabine followed by trametinib provided a survival advantage and increased TTP when compared with control and single agent gemcitabine treatment. Conclusions: This PDX PDAC model of occult metastasis allows characterization of hepatic clearance of tumor cells and outgrowth kinetics. Metastatic outgrowth appears to be dependent upon distinguishable tumor cell-specific factors. Trametinib effectively inhibits KRAS-MEK-ERK signaling, delays outgrowth of occult metastases and prolongs survival of mice. Utilization of this model will help further define the complex interaction of PDAC cells and the metastatic microenvironment of the liver. Citation Format: Matthew G. Mullen, Timothy E. Newhook, James M. Lindberg, Sara J. Adair, Edik M. Blais, Alex D. Michaels, Edward B. Stelow, Jason A. Papin, J. Thomas Parsons, Todd W. Bauer. A patient-derived xenograft model of pancreatic cancer in mice to develop novel adjuvant therapies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; 2015 Nov 30-Dec 3; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(7 Suppl):Abstract nr A47.
Modeling and experimental studies on CO2-H2S corrosion of API carbon steels under high-pressure

Abstract This article presents results of a corrosion study conducted to investigate performance of API carbon steels (T95, C110 and Q125) in high-pressure sour environment. This study is aimed to shows the impact of H2S concentration on corrosion of these materials and developed a mathematical model to predict corrosion rate. Corrosion tests were carried out in 2% NaCl solution saturated with mixed gas containing H2S, CO2 and CH4. H2S concentration was varied from 0 to 150 ppm (mole basis) while maintaining the concentrations of CH4 and CO2 approximately at 50%. Test pressure and temperature were 41.37 MPa and 38 °C. Weight loss (WL) technique was used to measure corrosion rate after one-week exposure. Results show that addition of small amount of H2S (less than 10 ppm) promotes CO2 corrosion, regardless of the type of steel. Q125 carbon steel demonstrated higher corrosion resistance than other tested steels, especially in absence of H2S. Various scattered and non-protective corrosion scales were formed on tested specimen surface. A very dense compact scale was formed on C110 carbon steel at 50 ppm H2S, resulting in considerable reduction in corrosion rate. To identify the existence of visually undetectable localized corrosion, the specimen Load Carrying Capacity (LCC) was measured using a tensile strength measuring apparatus. Reduction in total Load Carrying Capacity (ΔLCCT) and reduction in Load Carrying Capacity due to uniform corrosion (ΔLCCuc) were determined and compared to detect localized corrosion. When tests were conducted with C110 and Q125 carbon steels at H2S concentration of 50 ppm, ΔLCCT and ΔLCCuc showed significant difference indicating the occurrence of some form of localized corrosion along with uniform corrosion. A corrosion model, which is valid for high-pressure has been developed considering homogenous chemical reactions, mass transfer process and electrochemical reactions. Model predictions demonstrate reasonable agreement with measurements with maximum discrepancy of 25%, mostly resulting from formation of corrosion scale.
Gulf Coastal Plain Pitted Miliolacea and Related Species in Grignon and Damery, France

Ten species of pitted Miliolacea from Gignon and Damert, France, are descried and illustrated. These forms provide a model to which species from the Gulf Coast Plain can be compared. Twenty-four related species of foraminifera from the Gulf Coastal Plain are listed in Table I: fifteen of these are illustrated herein. The remaining nine species were described and illustrated by Andersen in 1984.
Effect of Aminocyclopyrachlor on Native Prairie Species in the Northern Great Plains

Aminocyclopyrachlor (AMCP) will control many invasive broadleaf weeds, but the susceptibility of desirable forbs is not widely known. Native prairie response to AMCP was evaluated near Fargo, ND, and Felton, MN, in the Northern Great Plains. Both sites had high floristic quality prior to treatment, with 33 and 80 different species at Fargo and Felton, respectively. AMCP was applied at 140 g ha−1 in July 2014 to coincide with leafy spurge and Canada thistle treatment timing. AMCP altered the plant communities and reduced foliar cover of undesirable species, high seral forbs (undisturbed stable communities), and low seral forbs (early succession in disturbed communities) at both locations at 10 and 14 mo after treatment (MAT). AMCP reduced Canada thistle and leafy spurge in Fargo and eliminated hedge bindweed, prickly lettuce, and black medic in Felton. High seral forb foliar cover was reduced at 10 and 14 MAT from 20% to 2% and 3% in Fargo and from 19% to 1.6% and 2% in Felton, respectively. The high seral...
Comparing oncologic outcomes after minimally invasive and open surgery for pediatric neuroblastoma and Wilms tumor.

Background Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has been widely adopted for common operations in pediatric surgery; however, its role in childhood tumors is limited by concerns about oncologic outcomes. We compared open and MIS approaches for pediatric neuroblastoma and Wilms tumor (WT) using a national database. Methods The National Cancer Data Base from 2010 to 2012 was queried for cases of neuroblastoma and WT in children ≤21 years old. Children were classified as receiving open or MIS surgery for definitive resection, with clinical outcomes compared using a propensity matching methodology (two open:one MIS). Results For children with neuroblastoma, 17% (98 of 579) underwent MIS, while only 5% of children with WT (35 of 695) had an MIS approach for tumor resection. After propensity matching, there was no difference between open and MIS surgery for either tumor for 30-day mortality, readmissions, surgical margin status, and 1- and 3-year survival. However, in both tumors, open surgery more often evaluated lymph nodes and had larger lymph node harvest. Conclusion Our retrospective review suggests that the use of MIS appears to be a safe method of oncologic resection for select children with neuroblastoma and WT. Further research should clarify which children are the optimal candidates for this approach.
Animating Multiple Escape Maneuvers for a School of Fish

A school of fish exhibit a variety of distinctive maneuvers to escape from predators. For example, they adopt avoid, compact, and inspection maneuvers when predators are nearby, use skitter or fast avoid maneuvers when predators chase them, or exhibit fountain, split, and flash maneuvers when predators attack them. Although these escape maneuvers have long been studied in biology and ecology, they have not been sufficiently modeled in computer graphics. Previous works on fish animation only provided simple escape behavior, lacking variety. The classic boids models do not include escape behavior. In this paper, we propose a behavioral model to simulate a variety of fish escape behavior in reaction to a single predator. Based on biological studies, our model can simulate common escape maneuvers such as compact, inspection, avoid, fountain, and flash. We demonstrate our results with simulations of predator attacks.
Abstract 13698: Comparative Long-term Outcomes of Endovascular versus Open Revascularization for Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease

Introduction: Restoring circulation to patients with symptomatic lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is traditionally achieved with open surgery. However, endovascular techniques have...
Addressing Uncertainties in Environmental Site Audits

Real estate transactions may entail environmental liability for owners, operators, and financiers if hazardous substances are, or are suspected to be, present at the site, or were stored or processed in the past. Preliminary environmental site audits are generally conducted by owners/operators to get some understanding of potential environmental problems and liability before making acquisition decisions. In this paper, we describe a methodology to analyze uncertainties in estimating environmental liability from hazardous substances at multiple sites. The uncertainties arise because of the generally incomplete and not fully reliable information collected in preliminary site audits. The methodology uses an event tree model in which unknown states of nature (such as presence or absence of an environmental problem and the magnitude of the cleanup required, if any) are characterized by probabilities, and site investigation and cleanup costs are estimated for given states of nature. By analyzing the probabilities and costs associated with different branches of an event tree, the probability distribution of the total environmental liability at one or more sites can be derived. We illustrate the basic steps in the methodology based on recent experience in conducting preliminary site assessments to estimate liability at multiple facilities for property transactions.
Comparison of filtration mechanisms of food and industrial grade TiO 2 nanoparticles

The removal of food and industrial grade titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles through drinking water filtration was assessed via direct visualization of an in situ 2-D micromodel. The goal of this research was to determine whether variances in surface composition, aggregate size, and ionic strength result in different transport and deposition processes in porous media. Food and industrial grade TiO2 particles were characterized by measuring their hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential, and zero point of charge before introduction into the 2-D micromodel. The removal efficiency as a function of position on the collector surface was calculated from direct visualization measurements. Notably, food grade TiO2 had a lower removal efficiency when compared with industrial grade. The difference in removal efficiency between the two particle types could be attributed to the higher stability (as indicated by the larger zeta potential values) of the food grade particles, which lead to a reduced aggregate size when compared to the industrial grade particles. This removal efficiency trend was most pronounced in the rear stagnation point, due to the high contribution of hydrodynamic forces at that point. It could be inferred from the results presented herein that particle removal strategies should be based on particle aggregate size and surface charge. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
Colorectal Cancer Staging

Rectal endosonography is the most accurate means of pretherapy local staging of rectal cancer. Endosonographie criteria for determining tumor depth of invasion are well established. Although more accurate than computed tomography, results of endosonographic lymph node staging are less than optimum. Application of rectal endosonography to the evaluation of posttherapy recurrence appears useful but requires further definition. The current role of colonic endosonongraphy in colon cancer staging is limited. More prospective evaluation is necessary before determining what role, if any, colonic endosonography will play in the future staging of colon tumors.
Playing to strength : growth strategy for small agrarian economies in Africa

With urban industrialization on the scale achieved by East Asian economies looking increasingly less plausible, small economies in Africa need an alternative strategic approach to long-term growth. The purpose of this paper is to identify a growth strategy with the greatest potential for small, landlocked economies in East Africa. The paper uses Malawi, Rwanda, and Uganda as case studies to explore the potential for growth in agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism in these countries. The paper marshals extensive reasoning that while the manufacturing sector and exports of light labor or resource intensive manufactures could contribute a fraction of aggregate growth, it is agriculture, agribusiness, and services that will contribute the lion’s share because of an unprecedented convergence of technologies. Industrialized agriculture and agri-business could enable these countries to sustain rapid growth even in the face of climate change. Malawi, Rwanda, and Uganda, with some trying, can accelerate their convergence to the technological frontier to take full advantage of this promise. Undoubtedly, there are obstacles to transferring the advanced technologies wholesale to East Africa, but their eventual assimilation is a must and the removal of hurdles needs to be addressed. Extracting the maximum growth mileage will require policy action on multiple fronts.
Juries, Evaluation, and the Game I’m Playing

This allegorical window opens from the Alabama School for the Deaf and Blind, their deaf but sighted “Silent Warrior” players, and their blind but hearing cheerleader colleagues. I direct our gaze through this window onto the landscape of evaluation and integrity in teaching.
Esterification Kinetics of Phosphotungstic Acid Loaded KIT-5 Catalyzed Biodiesel Production

To produce biodiesel from used cooking oil and other nonedible feedstocks such as coffee oil and algae oil, a phosphotungstic acid loaded KIT-5 (Korea Institute of Technology-5) catalyzing methanol...