cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Screening Method for the Identification of Glycosylated Flavonoids and Other Phenolic Compounds Using a Standard Analytical Approach for All Plant Materials

A screening method was developed for the systematic identification of glycosylated flavonoids and other phenolic compounds in plant food materials based on an initial, standard analytical method. This approach applies the same analytical scheme (aqueous methanol extraction, reverse phase liquid chromatographic separation, and diode array and mass spectrometric detection) to every sample and standard. This standard approach allows the cross-comparison of compounds in samples, standards, and plant materials previously identified in the published literature. Thus, every analysis contributes to a growing library of data for retention times and UV/vis and mass spectra. Without authentic standards, this method provides provisional identification of the phenolic compounds: identification of flavonoid backbones, phenolic acids, saccharides, and acyls but not the positions of the linkages between these subclasses. With standards, this method provides positive identification of the full compound: identification of subclasses and linkages. The utility of the screening method is demonstrated in this study by the identification of 78 phenolic compounds in cranberry, elder flower, Fuji apple peel, navel orange peel, and soybean seed.
Human pedigree studies

Human pedigree studies. Proceedings of a conference organized by the Galton Institute, London, 1998. Peel RA, editor.
Clinical experience with phenobarbitone in icterus neonatorum.

Abstract To test the clinical feasibility of reducing serum-bilirubin levels in neonates by druginduced glucuronidation, 52 full term, healthy infants were given phenobarbitone orally 8 mg. per kg. bodyweight daily when icterus neonatorum first appeared after 24 hours of life. 12 similarly affected infants who were not given phenobarbitone comprised the control group. The data showed no significant reductions in serumbilirubin levels between control and treated neonates and suggested that, once unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia exists in the neonate, it is unresponsive to phenobarbitone.
Using criminal investigations to improve evaluation results

Evaluators can use criminal investigation findings to focus and design program evaluations.
Nanomechanical Analysis of Hybrid Silicones and Hybrid Epoxy Coatings—A Brief Review

This review article is written on the investigations of nanomechanical properties of coatings by using nanoindentation techniques. The focus is on the studies that were conducted on epoxy polymer, silicones and their hybrid materials. The article describes a large number of developmental studies that are conducted on coatings. Materials properties such as nanoindentation hardness, modulus, scratch, wear and viscoelastic behavior have been described. Moreover, the article summarizes various studies that mention the use of different nanoparticles in coating formulations that could improve the mechanical strength and service life span of the coatings. The mode and mechanism of material’s failure has been outlined and discussed.
Genetics and Criminal Behavior Evidence Through the End of the 1970s

Research reported up through and including the 1970s directly bearing upon the relationship between genetics and criminality is reviewed. Studies using four classes of research designs are considered: general pedigree (or family) studies, twin studies, karyotype studies, and adoption studies. Only the latter three offer solid evidence at least consistent with a partial genetic etiological hypothesis, and of these, only one type of karyotype study and the adoption studies appear to be on the verge of definitely settling the matter. Among the fairly definitive types of studies, most of the evidence is extremely supportive of the proposition that human variation in tendencies to commit criminal behavior is significantly affected by some genetic factors.
The Neupert effect - What can it tell us about the impulsive and gradual phases of solar flares?

The Neupert Effect is the name given to the correlation obsrved in many flares between the impulsive time profile of the microwave and hard X-ray emissions and the time derivative of the soft X-ray profile. We have used data collected between 1980 and 1989 from the Hard X-Ray Burst Spectrometer (HXRBS) on the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) and the soft X-ray detector on GOES to determine which events show this correlation and which do not. We have found that of 66 HXRBS events observed in 1980 with a peak rate of >1000 counts/s, 58 (80%) showed good correlation with peaks in the GOES time derivative plot corresponding to peaks in the HXR plots to within ±20 s. The more gradually varying X-ray events that are commonly referred to as Type C flares and that are often accompanied by eruptive flares, tend to show poorer correlation between the SXR time derivative and the HXR time profile. In seve al cases studied, the later, more gradually varying, peaks either did not register at all in the SXR time derivative plots or resulted in very broad peaks that, in one ase on 1981 April 26, was delayed by 13 minutes.
The glass is half full

The "modern" criterion of 50% pain relief has long-standing precedents in the "ancient" literature. We agree that other measures of outcome, which reflect pain relief indirectly, are important, and accordingly for over two decades have routinely reported activities of daily living, return to work, patient satisfaction, need for additional treatment, and medication requirements. Physician and patient may deceive themselves (L. fallax , deceit) by undue reliance on any single outcome criterion. Relief of pain per se, however, is most relevant to the patient's presenting complaint, and however we choose to quantitate it, it is a sine qua non.
Total shoulder arthroplasty with a metal-backed, bone-ingrowth glenoid component. Medium to long-term results.

Background: Loosening of a cemented glenoid component is an important cause of failure in shoulder arthroplasty. This study was developed to examine the outcome of patients managed with a metal-backed, bone-ingrowth glenoid component as an alternative to a cemented component. Methods: The study group included eighty-three total shoulder arthroplasties with a metal-backed, bone-ingrowth glenoid component performed between 1989 and 1994. Seventy-four shoulders had a diagnosis of primary osteoarthritis, and nine shoulders had other diagnoses. All patients were followed radiographically and clinically for a minimum of two years or until the time of revision surgery. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were performed with revision and/or radiographic failure as the end points. Results: The mean clinical follow-up was 9.5 years, and the mean radiographic follow-up was 7.1 years. Pain ratings (on a scale of 1 to 5) decreased from a mean of 4.7 preoperatively to 2.0 postoperatively. The mean range of motion in active elevation increased from 102° preoperatively to 135° postoperatively; the mean external rotation increased from 27° to 56°. Glenohumeral joint instability developed in fourteen shoulders. Radiographic changes consistent with glenoid component loosening were present in thirty-three shoulders. Polyethylene wear with metal wear of the glenoid component was noted in twenty-one shoulders, and humeral component loosening was seen in fifteen shoulders. Revision procedures were performed in twenty-six shoulders. There were no identifiable patient, disease, or surgical characteristics associated with failure, either clinically or radiographically. The five-year survival estimate free of revision or radiographic failure was 79.9% (95% confidence interval, 71.6% to 89.3%), and the ten-year survival estimate was 51.9% (95% confidence interval, 41.0% to 65.8%). Conclusions: The high rate of failure of total shoulder arthroplasties performed with this metal-backed, bone-ingrowth glenoid component raises concerns as to its use, and perhaps the use of other types of metal-backed components, in shoulder arthroplasty, other than for special situations. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Taphonomy: A Process Approach

Taphonomy: A Process Approach is the first book to review the entire field of taphonomy, or the science of fossil preservation. It describes the formation of animal and plant fossils in marine and terrestrial settings and how this affects deciphering the ecology and extinction of past lifeforms and the environments in which they lived. The volume emphasises a process approach to taphonomy and reviews the taphonomic behaviour of all important taxa, plant and animal. It will be useful to anyone interested in the preservation of fossils and the formation of fossil assemblages, but it is aimed primarily at advanced students and professionals working in paleontology, stratigraphy, sedimentology, climate modeling and biogeochemistry.
IR properties of SiO deposited on V1−xWxO2 thermochromic films by vacuum evaporation

Abstract In our previous report [Thin Solid Films 281–282 (1996) 232], we designed a new spectral selective radiating material (SSRM) which consists of an SiO film as outer layer, a V 1− x W x O 2 thermochromic (TC) film as intermediate layer and blackbody as the substrate, respectively. This SSRM can attain a stable surface temperature that can be controlled by varying the value of x of V 1− x W x O 2 , namely the transition temperature, T c from the metal to semiconductor phase. In this paper, we report deposition of a SiO film on a V 1− x W x O 2 film on glass substrate and its IR spectral reflectance at lower and higher temperature than T c . We also report an estimated radiative cooling power of the SSRM based on the measured IR spectral reflectance and a discussion concerning the temperature stability of the SSRM.
Developmental processes in early adolescence: Relationships between adolescent adjustment problems and chronologic age, pubertal stage, and puberty-related serum hormone levels

Relations between adolescent psychosocial adjustment problems and markers of biologic development, including chronologic age, pubertal status, and serum hormone levels, were examined in 56 normal boys and 52 normal girls, ages 9 to 14 years. Adolescent psychosocial adjustment was assessed by adolescent self-ratings of various aspects of self-image (Offer Self-image Questionnaire for Adolescents) and parent ratings of adolescent behavior problems (Child Behavior Checklisf). The pubertal status measure used in the analyses was Tanner genital stage for boys and Tanner breast stage for girls. The hormone measures, determined by radiolmmunoassay, were serum levels of gonadotropins (luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone), sex steroids (testosterone and estradiol), and adrenal androgens (dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate, and androstenedione). The testosterone/estradiol ratio also was computed. Overall, findings were stronger, more consistent, and more generalized for boys than for girls. For boys, adjustment problems typically were associated with a multivariate profile that may be characteristic for later maturers: relatively low sex sterold levels, or lower pubertal stage, and relatively high adrenal androgen (androstenedlone) levels, frequently in conjunction with higher chronologic age. Univeriate relations predominated for girls; that is, assoclated with adjustment problems for girls were relatively high levels of gonadotropins, relatively low levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and relatively high levels of androstenedione on their own or in conjunction with lower pubertal stage. Higher levels of androstenedione, a steroid particularly responsive to stress, were associated with adjustment problems in both boys and girls. This relation may refiect the stress of later maturation, which could result from environmental factors, such as adolescent self-comparisons with same-age peers, or endogenous effects of hormones.
Comparing the Performance of Native North Americans and Predominantly White Military Recruits on Verbal and Nonverbal Measures of Cognitive Ability

Department of Psychology, Saint Mary University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H3C3. vic.catano@smu.caThis study compared the cognitive ability of adult Canadian First Nations (AmericanIndian) aboriginals (N¼101) living in remote areas to recruits (N¼131) undergoingmilitary training in the Canadian Forces. Comparisons involved both verbal andnonverbal measures: The Canadian Forces Aptitude Test (CFAT), Wonderlic PersonnelTest, (WPT), Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) and Mill Hill Vocabulary(MHV) test. All measures were examined for differential test and item functioning; aswell, the CFATwas analyzed for adverse impact. Conﬁrming past research, First Nations(FNs) members scored, on average, 18 points lower in IQ estimates based on the WPT, averbal measure of cognitive ability; however, the differences between the groups wereless on the nonverbal tests: SPM (5 points lower) and the MHV (9 points lower).Differential Item Functioning (DIF) analysis detected a few items from the CFAT, SPMand MHV that displayed DIF, but none from the WPT. The SPM and WPTappear to beunbiased measures with respect to differential test functioning (DTF), once language andeducation are controlled. Making employment decisions solely on verbal cognitive abilitytest scores, however, is likely to produce adverse impact against members of FN, unlessverbal ability is a bona ﬁde occupational requirement for the positions under considera-tion. Both the verbal and nonverbal cognitive ability tests assessed the same latentstructure suggesting that the nonverbal tests could be used in place of the verbal testswith little loss in predictive ability for occupations involving a high degree of spatialability.
Occupational health risks due to shipboard cockroaches

In various investigated populations, sensitization to cockroaches was observed in 8% of screened subjects from temperate climatic zones and in 36% of those from tropical zones. Because of the numerous hiding places and food storages aboard a ship the crews can be highly exposed to cockroaches. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of sensitization to cockroaches and potentially associated health risks in seafarers. In July 2005, a total of 145 seamen sailing under the German flag were recruited from a medical surveillance program for a cross-sectional study (response 95.4%). A standardized interview and a skin prick test (SPT) with nine common inhalant allergens and a cockroach extract (Blatella germanica) were performed. In cockroach-sensitized seafarers total and cockroach-specific IgE was measured and lung function tests conducted. In total, 39 seamen (26.9%) were cockroach-sensitized according to SPT results. Presence of cockroach sensitization in seamen from the tropical zone (37.3%) was significantly higher than in seamen from the temperate zone (21.3%) (odds ratio 2.20, 95% confidence interval 1.04–4.66). The prevalence of sensitization to any of the other nine common allergen mixtures tested was lower (between 2.1 and 12.4%). Neither current or past cockroach exposure on board nor cumulative cockroach exposure and time since last cockroach exposure were associated with cockroach sensitization. Among cockroach SPT-positive seamen, cockroach-specific IgE was detected in 52.8%. Five out of 37 (13.5%) SPT-positive seamen exhibited an obstructive ventilation pattern. The prevalence of work-related atopic symptoms was 9.0% (n = 13). These symptoms were not related to cockroach sensitization. The high prevalence of sensitization to cockroaches among seamen in the presented study emphasizes the strong sensitization potency of these insects. Longitudinal studies and bronchial cockroach challenge tests are necessary to assess the clinical relevance of cockroach sensitization aboard a ship in more detail.
Two-Dimensional Unsteady Aerodynamic Application to Higher Harmonic Control Test Data

In 1982, flight tests were conducted on a modified OH-6A helicopter that incorporated an active higher harmonic control system to reduce vibratory loads on the rotor system. While reducing vibrations up to 90%, open-loop higher harmonic control data showed significant reductions in the main rotor shaft torque and engine power indicating that higher harmonic control may be also providing performance improvements. In this study, unsteady, rotary-wing, potential flow theory for a thin, oscillating airfoil is used to explain the mechanism behind the performance improvements seen on the OH-6A. Equations for the 2-D, unsteady, rotary-wing aerodynamic forces and moments with a finite number of wakes, or shed layers of vorticity, beneath the rotor are developed and applied specifically to the pitch and flap oscillations seen in the hover flight-test data. A modified finite-wake lift deficiency function is developed for this finite-wake theory that is analogous to the classical Theodorsen and Loewy lift deficiency functions, and is used in used to calculate the horizontal time-averaged propulsive force (negative drag) derived by Garrick to show that unsteady aerodynamics can provide the order of magnitude effects necessary to quantify the performance improvements seen on the OH-6A.
Densities of States and Calculated K X-Ray Spectra of TiFe

Densities of states and $K$ x-ray emission and absorption spectra from both components of a 50-50 intermetallic compound TiFe were calculated using results of self-consistent energy-band calculations. The calculated x-ray spectra agree well with experiment.
Bayesian Inference for Nested Designs Based on Jeffreys's Prior

Abstract Bayesian intervals for linear combinations of the means in a balanced nested design based on Jeffreys's prior are found to be conservative in the sense that the p% Bayesian interval derived from Jeffreys's prior always contains the p% confidence interval derived from the ANOVA test. This analytic result is obtained by using a relation between t and F distributions established in this paper. A numerical example illustrates the calculations. A small simulation study is used to explore the degree of conservatism of the Bayesian interval in a variety of circumstances.
Tolerance to behavioral effects of caffeine in rats.

Tolerance develops to three behavioral effects of caffeine in rats treated daily with the drug: stimulation of locomotor activity, rate-decreasing effect on food-reinforced operant responding, and discriminative stimulus effects. Tolerance induced by caffeine to stimulation of locomotor activity: (1) develops rapidly, being nearly maximal 24 hr after the start of daily treatment with 35-40 mg/kg in four divided oral doses; (2) is insurmountable (i.e., complete) so that rats are unresponsive, even to high doses of caffeine, and dose-response curves are displaced downward and flattened; (3) is pharmacologically specific, extending to other methylxanthines but not to nonxanthine psychomotor stimulants. Tolerance to the other two behavioral effects of caffeine: (1) appears to develop gradually; (2) is surmountable so that dose-response curves are displaced to the right; (3) extends to nonxanthine psychomotor stimulants, methylphenidate, in the case of discriminative effects. Thus, at least two distinct types of tolerance to behavioral effects of caffeine in the rat can be identified. The potency of an adenosine analog, R(-)-PIA, in depressing locomotor activity does not increase during or 24 hr after termination of chronic daily treatment with caffeine when rats are completely tolerant to caffeine-induced stimulation of locomotor activity. These results do not support the view that enhanced functional sensitivity of central adenosine systems (e.g., up-regulation of receptors) is the mechanism of tolerance to the stimulant effect of caffeine on locomotor activity.
Adsorption/desorption characteristics and separation of anthocyanins and polyphenols from blueberries using macroporous adsorbent resins

Abstract Blueberries contain antioxidant phytochemicals, such as anthocyanins, flavonols, and procyanidins, with many reported health benefits. In the present study, phytochemicals from blueberries were extracted using ultra-sound assisted hot water extraction and concentrated with Amberlite adsorption resins. Static adsorption tests showed that FPX66 resin had a higher adsorption capacity and desorption ratio than XAD7HP and XAD4 resins. XAD761 and XAD1180 showed the lowest desorption capacity and ratio. Kinetic adsorption and isotherm tests revealed that FPX66 had the highest adsorption efficiency and required shorter time to reach adsorption equilibrium. Dynamic adsorption on FPX 66 resin in a glass column demonstrated that anthocyanins in the blueberry water extract started to break through after 16 bed volumes of extract was loaded. A complete desorption was achieved using 3 bed volumes of 95% ethanol. One hundred grams of fresh blueberries yielded 0.80 g concentrated blueberry extract. Sugars were not detected in the extract.
An admissible and optimal algorithm for searching AND/OR graphs

Abstract An AND/OR graph is a graph which represents a problem-solving process. A solution graph is a subgraph of the AND/OR graph which represents a derivation for a solution of the problem. Therefore, solving a problem can be viewed as searching for a solution graph in an AND/OR graph. A “cost” is associated with every solution graph. A minimal solution graph in a solution graph with minimal cost. In this paper, an algorithm for searching for a minimal solution graph in an AND/OR graph is described. If the “lower bound” condition is satisfied, the algorithm is guaranteed to find a minimal solution graph when one exists. Furthermore, the “optimality” of the algorithm is also proved.
Inhibition of sclerostin by monoclonal antibody increases bone formation, bone mass, and bone strength in aged male rats

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sclerostin inhibition by treatment with a sclerostin antibody (Scl-AbII) on bone formation, bone mass, and bone strength in an aged, gonad-intact male rat model. Sixteen-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected subcutaneously with vehicle or Scl-AbII at 5 or 25 mg/kg twice per week for 5 weeks (9–10/group). In vivo dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) analysis showed that there was a marked increase in areal bone mineral density of the lumbar vertebrae (L1 to L5) and long bones (femur and tibia) in both the 5 and 25 mg/kg Scl-AbII-treated groups compared with baseline or vehicle controls at 3 and 5 weeks after treatment. Ex vivo micro–computed tomographic (µCT) analysis demonstrated improved trabecular and cortical architecture at the fifth lumbar vertebral body (L5), femoral diaphysis (FD), and femoral neck (FN) in both Scl-AbII dose groups compared with vehicle controls. The increased cortical and trabecular bone mass was associated with a significantly higher maximal load of L5, FD, and FN in the high-dose group. Bone-formation parameters (ie, mineralizing surface, mineral apposition rate, and bone-formation rate) at the proximal tibial metaphysis and tibial shaft were markedly greater on trabecular, periosteal, and endocortical surfaces in both Scl-AbII dose groups compared with controls. These results indicate that sclerostin inhibition by treatment with a sclerostin antibody increased bone formation, bone mass, and bone strength in aged male rats and, furthermore, suggest that pharmacologic inhibition of sclerostin may represent a promising anabolic therapy for low bone mass in aged men. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
On the spreading of slotted jets

Abstract The cross-sectional shapes and velocity distributions of jets issuing from slotted orifices are examined. Hot wire anemometry and flow visualization are employed. The results indicate that for slots machined on thin tubes, the jets spread strongly in the transverse direction. Moreover, the jets appear to have kidney-shaped cross-sections, and double-peaked velocity distributions. Such slot designs may prove useful in applications where large impingement areas are required.
Heterosexual Allies: A Descriptive Profile

Forty-six heterosexual members of a college-based gay/straight alliance organization were surveyed to investigate characteristics of students who commit to acting as allies in reducing sexual prejudice. Assessment focused on the students’ history of intergroup contact and exposure to sexual prejudice prior to joining the gay/straight alliance, endorsement of positive stereotypes and immutability beliefs, perception of the ally role in terms of the potential for stigma by association, and level of intergroup communication apprehension. This study yielded a descriptive profile of heterosexual allies. Discussion addresses implications for recruiting and training members of college gay/straight alliances.
A PER-BASELINE, DELAY-SPECTRUM TECHNIQUE FOR ACCESSING THE 21 cm COSMIC REIONIZATION SIGNATURE

A critical challenge in measuring the power spectrum of 21 cm emission from cosmic reionization is compensating for the frequency dependence of an interferometer's sampling pattern, which can cause smooth-spectrum foregrounds to appear unsmooth and degrade the separation between foregrounds and the target signal. In this paper, we present an approach to foreground removal that explicitly accounts for this frequency dependence. We apply the delay transformation introduced in Parsons and Backer to each baseline of an interferometer to concentrate smooth-spectrum foregrounds within the bounds of the maximum geometric delays physically realizable on that baseline. By focusing on delay modes that correspond to image-domain regions beyond the horizon, we show that it is possible to avoid the bulk of smooth-spectrum foregrounds. We map the point-spread function of delay modes to k-space, showing that delay modes that are uncorrupted by foregrounds also represent samples of the three-dimensional power spectrum, and can be used to constrain cosmic reionization. Because it uses only spectral smoothness to differentiate foregrounds from the targeted 21 cm signature, this per-baseline analysis approach relies on spectrally and spatially smooth instrumental responses for foreground removal. For sufficient levels of instrumental smoothness relative to the brightness of interfering foregrounds, this techniquemore » substantially reduces the level of calibration previously thought necessary to detect 21 cm reionization. As a result, this approach places fewer constraints on antenna configuration within an array, and in particular, facilitates the adoption of configurations that are optimized for power-spectrum sensitivity. Under these assumptions, we demonstrate the potential for the Precision Array for Probing the Epoch of Reionization (PAPER) to detect 21 cm reionization at an amplitude of 10 mK{sup 2} near k {approx} 0.2 h Mpc{sup -1} with 132 dipoles in 7 months of observing.« less
Process and quality control issues in the automated manufacturing of discrete parts

Abstract The techniques of quality control have been developed over a number of decades, during which the technology of manufacturing was essentially static in terms of control and strategy. Advances within the past decade have led to substantial changes in the manufacturing environment. Changes in the extent, type, and breadth of application of automation call into question some of the basic assumptions of classical quality control. Changes in the mode of manufacturing, such as JIT and emphasis on smaller lot sizes, raise further questions as to the validity of classical quality control in the modern manufacturing environment. This paper addresses some of the questions raised by recent advances in manufacturing and identifies issues for research in quality and process control in the modern manufacturing.
Neuromuscular modulation in Aplysia. II. Modulation of the neuromuscular transform in behavior.

In this work we use mathematical modeling and complementary experiments to study the dynamics of modulation in the accessory radula closer (ARC) neuromuscular system of Aplysia. Here we join a dyna...
Sequential inhibition by progesterone: Effects on sexual receptivity and associated changes in brain cytosol progestin binding in the female rat

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of cytosol progestin receptors (CPRs) in the activation of mating behavior in the estrogen (E2) stimulated, ovariectomized rat, following the administration of a dose of progesterone (P; 2.5 mg) which is sufficiently large to inhibit the re-induction of sexual receptivity by subsequent P (‘sequential inhibition’). In order to control for competition by unlabeled P in our binding studies, aliquots of cytosol supernatants were passed through LH-20 columns prior to in vitro incubation with the radioactive ligand, (double column assay). Three days following E2 priming, all animals used in biochemical studies received either P (2.5 mg) or vehicle injections (propylene glycol; PG) 24, 28 or 72 h prior to the administration of P (0.5 mg). When P (0.5 mg) was given 24 h after P or PG treatment, animals which had received P previously showed significantly decreased lordosis quotients (LQ), lordosis quality (LS) and proceptivity scores relative to PG controls (‘sequential inhibition’). The inhibitory effects of previous P (2.5 mg) were transient, and were not observed if P (0.5 mg) was delayed until 72 h after P or PG treatment. Three days following E2 priming, all animals used in biochemical studies received either P (2.5 mg) or PG. When we did not control for competition by unlabeled P, binding in the cortex, mediobasal hypothalamus-preoptic area (MBH-POA) and pituitary was decreased by 60%, 3 h after 2.5 mg P. When we used the double column assay to remove P in the tissue, binding in all tissues was decreased by 20% at 3 h after 2.5 mg P. By 24 h, after 2.5 mg P, the competitive effect of tissue P on binding was not measurable; and cytosol progestin receptor (CPR) levels were less than or equal to those seen at 3 h. By 72 h after 2.5 mg P, CPRs had returned to control levels in all tissues. Our data suggest: (1) the double column assay is necessary to estimate CPR levels when P is present in the tissue; (2) when one controls for competition by P, CPR depletion 3 h after P is measurable but not extensive; depletion occurs in tissues in which CPRs are induced by E2 (pituitary, MBH-POA), as well in cerebral cortex, where CPR levels are not included by E2; (3) at 24 h, CPR levels are less than or equal to those seen at 3 h in all tissues; this may be the result of the initial depletion associated with nuclear translocation, or it may indicate that P regulates its own receptor concentration in the central nervous system (down-regulation); and (4) after a large dose of P (2.5 mg), reduced CPR levels correlated with P's reduced ability to facilitate sexual receptivity.
Transcription factors: regulators of gene expression in normal and pathological states.

Initiation of transcription is the major control point for gene expression. The protein factors regulating transcription, the transcription factors, are modular proteins with distinct domains responsible for different functions including DNA binding, ligand binding, nuclear localization, and protein-protein interactions. Abnormal transcription has been associated with various human diseases from neoplasia to birth defects. These can result from chromosomal translocation or transcription factor genes (e.g. Burkitt's lymphoma) or by inappropriate activation of these factors due to synthesis of fusion genes (e.g. BCR-ABL fusion gene in Philadelphia positive leukaemia). More recently, abnormalities in transcription factor genes have been linked to such human birth defects as Waardenburg syndrome, vesicoureteral reflux and craniosynostosis.
Structure of the reconstructed domains on a high density stepped W(001) surface

Abstract We have observed, using low-energy electron diffraction, the reconstructed (√2×√2)R45° structure on a high density stepped W(001) surface ( ∼ 28 A average terrace width) cooled below room temperature. The reconstructed domains are preferentially oriented with the zig-zag displacements of the surface atoms perpendicular to the step edge which is parallel to the [110] direction. The step edges are found to inhibit the reconstruction for a considerably smaller range than reported from previous LEED observations.
THEORY OF SOLID NEON AT 0 K

A quantum-mechanical variational calculation of the energy per particle, the equilibrium nearest-neighbor distance, and the pressure-volume relationship for solid neon at 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K is performed. Use is made of a Jastrow-type trial wave function, a phenomenological Mie-Lennard-Jones 12-6 potential, and a cluster expansion evaluation of the energy expectation value. It is found that correlation effects are negligible at equilibrium, contrary to the speculations of some authors, and that good agreement with the experimental data can be achieved if one of the interparticle potential parameters, $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$, is changed by a small amount from its accepted gas-phase value. This parameter change is discussed.
Work functions and sublimation entropies of the elements

A phenomenological relationship between the work functions and the sublimation probabilities is shown to hold for most of the solid electron-conducting elements at the same vapor pressure. According to this relationship, the sublimation probabilityf increases exponentially with decreasing work functionW, i.e.,f∝exp(−W/W o), whereW o=0.60 eV. On the basis of a direct evaporation model, it follows that the work function is directly proportional to the sublimation entropy. This connection between two quantities, which seemingly refer to either electrons or atoms, respectively, is explained by expressing the sublimation entropy as the difference between the entropies of the gas and solid phases in equilibrium, and by deriving implications on the material properties contained in these individual entropies. The work function can thus be related to the second derivative of the crystal energy with respect to the atomic radius, which is corroborated by a universal relation between the work functions and the compressibilities for over 60 elements. For elements with a simple electron structure, the second derivative of the energy-atomic-radius dependence is essentially determined by a truly electronic property, namely the Fermi energy. It is shown that the Fermi energy variation is accompanied by a sufficient variation of the electron affinity in order to account for the appropriate work function change. For elements with a more complicated electron structure, a case-by-case study of the second derivative of the energy-atomic-radius dependence is required.
Modifiable Predictors Associated with Having a Gestational Weight Gain Goal

The goal of this paper was to determine predictors of having a weight gain goal in early pregnancy. In 2008, we administered a 48-item survey to 249 pregnant women attending obstetric visits. We examined predictors of women having a goal concordant or discordant with 1990 Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines, vs. no goal, using binary and multinomial logistic regression. Of the 292 respondents, 116 (40%) had no gestational weight gain goal, 112 (39%) had a concordant goal and 61 (21%) had a goal discordant with IOM guidelines. Predictors of a guideline-concordant goal, vs. no goal, included sugar sweetened beverage consumption < vs. ≥ 1 serving per week (OR = 2.4, 95%CI: 1.1, 5.7), physical activity ≥ vs. <2.5 h per week (OR = 3.6, 95%CI: 1.7, 7.5), agreeing that ‘I tried to keep weight down not to look pregnant’ (OR = 14.3, 95%CI: 1.4, 140.5). Other predictors only of having a discordant goal (vs. no goal) included agreeing that ‘as long as I am eating well, I don’t care how much I gain’ (OR = 0.3, 95%CI: 0.2, 0.8) and agreeing that ‘if I gain too much weight one month, I try to keep from gaining the next’ (OR = 4.1, 95%CI: 1.6, 10.4). Women whose doctors recommended weight gains consistent with IOM guidelines were more likely to have a concordant goal (vs. no goal) (OR = 5.3, 95%CI: 1.5, 18.6). Engaging in healthy behaviors and having health providers offer IOM weight gain recommendations may increase the likelihood of having a concordant gestational weight gain goal, which, in turn, is predictive of actual weight gains that fall within IOM guidelines.
Trimming the fat: optimizing overall educational value by defining factors associated with overall educational value and service-to-education ratio.

Objective The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education work rules have forced programs to critically appraise the overall educational value (OEV) of rotations. Successful rotations must satisfy Residency Review Committee mandates and optimize the service-to-education ratio (SER). This study was designed to examine the relationship between the OEV and SER and identify rotation characteristics (RC) associated with both. Design, Setting, and Participants The Division of Surgery Education at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania administered a survey in FY2011 to all residents detailing resident perceptions regarding OEV, SER, and other RC. Responses were linked to additional rotation data. The relationship between OEV and SER was examined before and after controlling for significant RC identified in univariate analyses. Subgroup analyses by junior (CY1-2) and senior (CY3-5) resident status were performed. Results The survey was sent to 85 residents participating in 48 general surgery rotations, with an overall response rate of 87%. OEV was inversely proportional to SER. All RC were significant predictors of OEV in univariate models except rotation length, patient care participation and the presence of fellows. SER alone was a significant predictor of OEV (coefficient = −1.24, p Conclusions The SER is inversely correlated with the OEV of general surgery rotations for the aggregate group of surgical residents, but this relationship appears to be attenuated by other factors in the senior resident group. Identification of the factors that affect junior surgical residents may provide the ability to improve the SER for junior residents and allow for significant improvements in perceived OEV for the resident body as a whole.
Creep and creep-rupture behaviour of a bainitic Cr-1 Mo steel

Abstract The creep-rupture behaviour of a bainitic 2 1 4 Cr-1 Mo steel was determined at 454, 510 and 566°C. Tests were made on specimens taken from a commercial heat of steel in the normalised-and-tempered condition. In addition to the creep-rupture behaviour, secondary and tertiary creep behaviour were examined. A relationship between the onset of tertiary creep and rupture life was obtained. The results from these tests were compared with available data on annealed, normalised-and-tempered and quenched-and-tempered base metal and with tempered weld metal. The results of these comparisons gave insights into the types of metallurgical change that occur in 2 1 4 Cr-1 Mo steel at elevated temperatures.
A relaxed synchronization primitive for macroprogramming systems

Some sensor networks have large, non-deterministic communication delays which can be problematic because nodes must decide how long to wait before acting. A conflict arises when deciding on how much information is necessary: waiting a long time will improve accuracy but is detrimental to timeliness and acting quickly will improve timeliness but worsen accuracy. We present a relaxed barrier synchronization primitive that allows the programmer to make this tradeoff. A key challenge of a relaxed barrier is correctly setting exit conditions. For example, the number of nodes, radius of influence, and deadline can be adjusted to ensure the proper tradeoff between timeliness and accuracy. We provide a solution for discovering these values that combines both simulation and hill climbing. We show that by utilizing our primitive, application accuracy can be improved and maintained for many different scenario variations.
Synthesis, structure, and molecular modeling of a titanoniobate isopolyanion

Abstract Polyoxoniobate chemistry, both in the solid state and in solution is dominated by [Nb6O19]8−, the Lindquist ion. Recently, we have expanded this chemistry through use of hydrothermal synthesis. The current publication illustrates how use of heteroatoms is another means of diversifying polyoxoniobate chemistry. Here we report the synthesis of Na8[Nb8Ti2O28]·34H2O [ 1 ] and its structural characterization from single-crystal X-ray data. This salt crystallizes in the P-1 space group (a=11.829(4) A, b=12.205(4) A, c=12.532(4) A, α=97.666(5)°, β=113.840(4)°, γ=110.809(4)°), and the decameric anionic cluster [Nb8Ti2O28]8− has the same cluster geometry as the previously reported [Nb10O28]6− and [V10O28]6−. Molecular modeling studies of [Nb10O28]6− and all possible isomers of [Nb8Ti2O28]8− suggest that this cluster geometry is stabilized by incorporating the Ti4+ into cluster positions in which edge-sharing is maximized. In this manner, the overall repulsion between edge-sharing octahedra within the cluster is minimized, as Ti4+ is both slightly smaller and of lower charge than Nb5+. Synthetic studies also show that while the [Nb10O28]6− cluster is difficult to obtain, the [Nb8Ti2O28]8− cluster can be synthesized reproducibly and is stable in neutral to basic solutions, as well.
Anesthetic and cardiopulmonary effects of intramuscular morphine, medetomidine, ketamine injection in dogs

Abstract Objective To determine the quality and duration of anesthesia and the cardiopulmonary effects of a morphine, medetomidine, ketamine (MMK) combination administered intramuscularly (IM) to dogs. Study design Descriptive injectable anesthetic protocol evaluation. Animals Eight intact adult Beagle dogs: five males, three females. Methods The electrocardiogram, heart rate, direct arterial blood pressure, and core body temperature were monitored in eight chronically instrumented dogs. Each dog received 0.2 mg kg −1 morphine sulfate, 20 μg kg −1 medetomidine hydrochloride, and 5 mg kg −1 ketamine hydrochloride IM. Anesthetic and analgesic effects (clamping the tail and metatarsus) were categorized, and the times to lateral recumbency, orotracheal intubation, extubation, and sternal recumbency were recorded. Respiratory, cardiovascular, temperature, and acid-base variables were recorded 5 minutes before, and 3, 10, 20, 30, 45, 50, and 60 minutes after MMK. Atipamezole, 100 μg kg −1 IM, was administered 60 minutes after MMK administration and data recorded 10 minutes later. Results The onset of anesthesia was uneventful and rapid. Time to lateral recumbency was 7.1 ± 4.1 minutes. The tracheas of four dogs were orally intubated in 5.1 ± 0.8 minutes. After MMK administration most dogs were unresponsive to noxious stimulation from 20 to 60 minutes and heart rate, cardiac index and venous blood pH were significantly decreased from baseline values. Arterial blood pressure increased initially and then returned to baseline values. Times to extubation (four dogs) and return to sternal recumbency after atipamezole administration were 2.8 ± 1.8 and 4.3 ± 4.4 minutes, respectively. Conclusion The IM administration of MMK produced anesthesia and analgesia in Beagle dogs. Hemodynamic data were within accepted normal values. Atipamezole administration produced rapid return to consciousness in all dogs. Clinical relevance Morphine/medetomidine/ketamine may be used for minor medical and surgical procedures requiring short-term anesthesia and analgesia but it is not recommended for medical procedures that are painful.
Estimation of structural components of abnormal human hair from amino acid analyses

A mathematical method is described for using an amino acid analysis for estimating the proportions of the major structural components of human hair. Application of this method to the amino acid composition of hair from malnourished children and from trichothiodystrophic hair suggests its potential usefulness as a diagnostic index, particularly for nutritional status. The possible relevance of the results to the biosynthesis of hair proteins is also discussed.
On Auger induced decomposition/desorption of covalent and ionic systems

Abstract We propose a detailed model for Auger induced desorption and/or decomposition which can be applied to covalent, ionic, or chemisorbed systems. Quantitative Auger lineshape interpretations are used to calculate decomposition cross sections and the results are compared with experimental results for the SiO 2 , LiNO 3 , and Li 2 SO 4 systems. It is shown for some systems that the model must include a many-body mechanism based on hole correlation to prevent drastic reductions in the decomposition/desorption cross sections due to one hole hopping.
Moment method for eigenvalues and expectation values

We present a simple technique for performing accurate calculations of the eigenvalues of quantum systems whose potential energy is a polynomial in the coordinates. The method involves the study of recursion relations between matrix elements of powers of the coordinate operator between the exact eigenstate and a conveniently chosen basis state. The general theory is developed and applied to three examples: the quartic oscillator, the octic oscillator, and two coupled quartic oscillators. Numerical results are given.
Osmotic pressure method to measure salt induced folding/unfolding of bovine serum albumin.

Abstract A new approach has been developed to monitor protein folding by utilizing osmotic pressure and a range of salt concentrations in a well characterized protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA). It is hypothesized that both the ‘effective’ osmotic molecular weight, Ae, and the solute/solvent interaction parameter, I, in the empirical relation M solvent M solute = ( RTϱ A e ) 1 gp + I [1] can be used as measures of protein folding. I is a measure of solvent perturbed by the solute and is thought to depend directly upon the solvent accessible surface area (ASA). It is reasoned that larger solvent accessible surface area of an unfolded or denatured protein should perturb more water and produce larger I-values. Thus I-values allow calculation of a unfolded protein fraction, fua, due to changes in relative solvent accessible surface area. It has been observed that Ae decreases for filamentous, denatured proteins due to segmental motion of the molecule [2]. This allows calculation of unfolded protein fraction from the effective molecular weight, fum. Colloid osmotic pressure of BSA was measured in a range of salt concentrations at 25°C, and pH = 7 (above the isoelectric point of BSA at pH = 5.4). Both S and I were used to monitor protein folding as the salt concentration was varied. In general, larger and variable I-values and smaller Ae were observed at salt concentrations less than 50 mmolal NaCl (Imax = 8.9), while constant I = 4.1 and Ae = 66,500 were observed above 50 mmolal NaCl. The two expressions for fractional unfolding (fua and fum) are in general agreement. Small differences in the parameters below 50 mmolal salt concentration are explained with well known shifts in the relative amounts of α-helix, β-sheet and random coil in denatured BSA. The relative amounts of these shifts agree with predictions in the literature attributed to continuous BSA expansion rather than an ‘all-or-none’ conversion.
Election Jokes: The Effects of Reference Group Membership:

Jokes about Gold water and Johnson were rated by 130 Ss on election day in 1964. The difference in their response to these two types of joke correlated .53 with their candidate preference, even wit...