cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Altman's 1968 Bankruptcy Prediction Model Revisited via Genetic Programming: New Wine from an Old Bottle or a Better Fermentation Process?

Prior research raised questions about the information value of some of the variables included in Altman's 1968 seminal bankruptcy prediction model. Answering these questions is of great importance since the original Altman model and variations on it are still used to provide bankruptcy risk signals in accounting and audit practice. This study applied genetic programming to Altman's original data set in order to examine the issue of variable significance. Two parsimonious models employing either one or two variables were developed that equaled the accuracy rate of Altman's five variable model when tested on Altman's original data set. The two variable model also equaled or exceeded the Altman model both when error rates were compared based on prior probabilities of bankruptcy and when relative misclassification costs were considered. The accuracy levels and parsimony of the two genetic programming models supports prior research and confirms that some of the variables in the original model were an artifact ...
Polymeric nucleophiles and cosolvents. The reactivity of poly(ethylene glycol) and its derivatives with benzyl bromide under solvolytic conditions

Pseudo first-order rate constants for the solvolytic displacement of benzyl bromide in 100% ethanol and in 80 and 60% aqueous ethanol (v/v) are reported. The effect of adding poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and PEG dithiols and diamines to the solvolytic solutions has been studied. The solvolytic rates are mildly retarded on adding PEG, MW 950, or PEG dimercaptoacetate, MW 548 or 748 (at a concentration of about 8% of the polymer) to reactions in absolute ethanol. In 80% ethanol, however, a rate acceleration by the polymers was observed, with the thiols exhibiting the largest effects. PEG di(3-mercaptopropionate) reacts slightly faster than the PEG dimercaptoacetates, but liberated acid affects the former's reaction. Three molecular weights of primary diamines structurally derived from propylene oxide-capped PEG were evaluated and found to increase solvolytic rates of benzyl bromide significantly. Kinetic evaluation and comparisons with reactions containing equivalent amine groups per gram in an appropriate model (ethanolamine) revealed that the polymer's amine groups are actively involved nucleophilically. Grunwald-Winstein plots and second-order rate constants revealed that the polymeric diamines caused the benzyl bromide to undergo polymer-assisted displacement in all solvent compositions. Since it was noted that the second-order rates increased as the PEG amine molecular weight increased, it appears that the PEG framework may be assisting the reaction.
Colour Dilution Alopecia in Doberman Pinschers with Blue or Fawn Coat Colours: A Study on the Incidence and Histopathology of this Disorder.

Abstract— A population of 57 blue or fawn Doberman Pinschers was studied to determine the incidence of colour dilution alopecia in this breed. Forty two dogs had hair loss, typical of colour dilution alopecia. The diagnosis was confirmed in 11 dogs by skin biopsy and in 6 dogs by light microscopic examination of plucked hairs. Key diagnostic features included large macromelanosomes in the hair shafts, free clumps of melanin in the lumens of hair follicles, and numerous perifollicular melanophages. An hypothesis on the pathogenesis of colour dilution alopecia is proposed. Resume— Une population de 57 Pinschers a robe bleue ou feu a eteetudiee pour determiner la frequence de l'alopecie par dilution de couleur dans cette race. 42 chiens ont presente une perte de poils caracteristique de l'alopecie par dilution de couleur. Le diagnostic a ete confirme chez 11 chiens par biopsie cutanee et chez 6 chiens par l'examen au microscope optique des poils epiles. Les caracteristiques diagnostiques comprennent la presence de grands macromelanosomes dans les racines des poils, de manchons libres de melanine dans la lumiere des follicules pileux et de nombreux melanophages perifolliculaires. Une hyhpothese sur la pathogenie de l'alopecie par dilution de couleur est proposee. Zusammenfassung— Untersucht wurden 57 blaue und rehfarbene Dobermanner, um das Vorkommen der Farbmutanten-Alopezie bei dieser Rasse feststellen zu konnen. 42 dieser Hunde zeigten den fur diese Erkrankung typischen Haarausfall. Bei 11 Patienten wurde die Diagnose durch Hautbiopsie und bei 6 durch lichtmikroskopische Untersuchung von ausgezupften Haaren gesichert. Die charakteristichen Bilder waren Makromelanosome in den Haarschaften, freies zusammengeballtes Melanin im Lumen der Haarfollikel und zahlreiche perifollikulare Melanophagen. Eine Hypothese fur die Pathogenese dieser Erkrankung wird aufgestellt. Resumen Se estudio una poblacion de 57 perros de raza Doberman y color gris o azul para determinar la incidencia de la alopecia por dilucion de color en esta raza. 42 perros presentaban perdidas de pelo tipicas de la alopecia por dilucion de color. En 11 perros el diagnostico se confirmo mediante biopsia y en 6 mediante examen microscopico del pelo. Las caracteristicas diagnosticas de este proceso consistian en la presencia de macromelanosomas en las vainas de los pelos, y en la presencia de acumulos de melanina libre en el interior de los foliculos pilosos y de melanofagos perifoliculares. Se propone una hipotesis sobre la patogenia de esta enfermedad.
Energy Storage and Management System With Carbon Nanotube Supercapacitor and Multidirectional Power Delivery Capability for Autonomous Wireless Sensor Nodes

This paper presents an energy storage and management system to achieve long lifetime and miniaturization for autonomous wireless sensor nodes, which can be used in communication network for microgrids. The system employs supercapacitors to form a multienergy-source structure, and thus features multidirectional power delivery capability, which in turn allows the implementation of such state-of-the-art power management techniques as dynamic voltage scaling (DVS). A global energy management strategy is introduced to realize appropriate energy delivery, with the aid of a power management unit consisting of several proposed power converters that are capable of bidirectional operation. The bidirectional operation also dramatically increases the tracking speed during DVS with a charge-recycle technique. Fabrication of supercapacitor featuring compatibility with the CMOS process is also discussed, focusing on the preparation of free-standing single-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) films directly on a Si substrate, as electrodes for supercapacitor. A prototype of a dc-dc converter experimentally verifies the bidirectional operation and an improvement of over 30 times on tracking speed during DVS. Meanwhile, experiments on a CNT supercapacitor coin cell show high performances and excellent stability. The proposed designs provide the possibility of a fully on-chip energy system with the concept of heterogeneous integration.
Assessing sustainable food behaviours of national park visitors: domestic/on vocation linkages, and their implications for park policies

This study compares the “at-home” and “while travelling” sustainable food practices of national park visitors in the US Intermountain West through an in-person survey. Results show that tourist's sustainable food practices do not carry over into their national park experience. Specifically, they shop for and consume fewer local foods and participate in fewer food-related activities when travelling, such as farmers' market and local farm visits. When divided into groups of low, medium and high sustainable food practices at home, the medium and high-level groups exhibited a significant reduction in sustainable food practices while travelling. This likely stems from poor promotion of local foods and food related events, lack of linkages between the tourism and food industries, as well as limited recognition of local food labelling schemes and interest in local culture by visitors. These results imply that local foods and culinary experiences do not currently play an essential role in national park experience...
Insulin-like 3/relaxin-like factor gene mutations are associated with cryptorchidism.

Cryptorchidism is a common anomaly of male sexual differentia- tion. Two phases of testicular descent are recognized, transabdominal and inguinoscrotal. With evidence that androgens and Mullerian in- hibitory hormone were not completely responsible for testicular de- scent, the existence of a third testicular hormone mediating testicular descent was postulated. Insulin-like 3 (INSL3) (also known as relaxin- like factor (RLF) and Leydig insulin-like protein (LEY I-L)) is a mem- ber of the insulin/relaxin hormone superfamily that is highly ex- pressed in Leydig cells. The phenotype of transgenic mice with targeted deletion of the Insl3 gene was bilateral cryptorchidism with morphological evidence of abnormal gubernacular development. With this implicit evidence that Insl3 mediates testicular descent in mice, we performed mutation detection analysis of the coding regions of the 2 exon INSL3 gene in genomic DNA samples obtained from 145 formerly cryptorchid patients and 36 adult male controls. Single- strand conformational polymorphism analysis was used for the mu- tation detection studies. Two mutations, R49X and P69L, and several polymorphisms were identified. Both mutations were located in the connecting peptide region of the protein. The frequency of INSL3/ RLF gene mutations as a cause of cryptorchidism is low, because only 2 of 145 (1.4%) formerly cryptorchid patients were found to have mutations. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85: 4013- 4018, 2000)
A primer on research ethics in the field of gifted education

Most organizations (e.g., institutions of higher education, K-12 school systems) that engage in research with human subjects have institutional review boards (IRBs; also known as research committees) responsible for the oversight of research activities to ensure the ethical treatment of participants. Professional societies such as American Educational Research Association (AERA) and the American Psychological Association (APA) have also developed ethical codes for research activities involving human subjects. Many journals, including GCQ, require that all research considered for publication is accompanied by documentation of review and approval by an IRB or other similar committee. The purpose of this Methodological Brief is to provide researchers, new and experienced, within the field of gifted education a brief introduction to the ethical principles that guide the decision making process of IRBs, to provide examples of what might be considered ethical code violations, and to offer suggestions for working through the review and approval process with IRB officials
Priming meritocracy and the psychological justification of inequality

The belief that status in society is based on merit is a central feature of the American Dream. This belief system justifies status inequalities by locating the cause of status differences in the individual talents and efforts of group members. We hypothesized that activating meritocratic beliefs increases the extent to which individuals psychologically justify status inequalities, even when those inequalities are disadvantageous to the self. Specifically, we hypothesized that priming meritocracy prompts individuals to engage in system-justifying psychological responses when they experience threat either at the personal or group level. Across two studies, priming meritocracy led members of a low status group to justify both personal and group disadvantage by decreasing perceptions of discrimination (Studies 1 and 2) and increasing the extent to which they stereotyped themselves and their group in status-justifying ways (Study 2).
Cross-correlation: An fMRI signal-processing strategy

The discovery of functional MRI (fMRI), with the first papers appearing in 1992, gave rise to new categories of data that drove the development of new signal-processing strategies. Workers in the field were confronted with image time courses, which could be reshuffled to form pixel time courses. The waveform in an active pixel time-course was determined not only by the task sequence but also by the hemodynamic response function. Reference waveforms could be cross-correlated with pixel time courses to form an array of cross-correlation coefficients. From this array of numbers, colorized images could be created and overlaid on anatomical images. An early paper from the authors' laboratory is extensively reviewed here (Bandettini et al., 1993. Magn. Reson. Med. 30:161-173). That work was carried out using the vocabulary of vector algebra. Cross-correlation methodology was central to the discovery of functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) by Biswal et al. (1995. Magn. Reson. Med. 34:537-541). In this method, a whole volume time course of images is collected while the brain is nominally at rest and connectivity is studied by cross-correlation of pixel time courses.
MIC2, TdT, bcl-2, and CD34 expression in paraffin-embedded high-grade lymphoma/acute lymphoblastic leukemia distinguishes between distinct clinicopathologic entities

We propose that 12E7 (CD99) expression, along with TdT, bcl-2, and CD34 reactivity in lymphoblastic lymphoma (LyL)/acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), distinguishes this group of neoplasms from small noncleaved cell lymphomas (SNCLs) in both pediatric and adult patients, thereby narrowing the differential diagnosis of high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and acute lymphoblastic leukemias in paraffin sections. 12E7 (CD99) is one of a group of available antibodies that recognizes the product of the mic-2 gene, which was originally identified in ALL. Despite this, most clinicopathological research has focused on the reactivity of 12E7 in a subset of the small round cell tumors of childhood. Although TdT is widely used in the subtyping of blastic leukemias, its use in the distinction of high-grade lymphomas in paraffin sections has been limited. We collected 24 cases of LyL/ALL (13 B-cell and 11 T-cell) and 15 cases of SNCL from 1984 through 1993. We confirmed the diagnoses using morphology and analysis of immunologic data. We performed immunohistochemistry with the 12E7 antibody, TdT, bcl-2, and CD34 on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded material. The patients' ages ranged from 4 to 81 years; nine of the study patients were children. Sixteen of the 24 LyL/ALLs stained with 12E7. In contrast, none of the 15 cases of SNCL reacted with this antibody (chi-square P < .0001). A larger percentage of T-cell LyL/ALLs reacted with 12E7 than did B-cell LyL/ALLs (82% v 54%). Sixteen of 20 LyL/ALLs reacted with the anti-TdT antibody, as compared with none of 11 SNCLs (chi-square P < .0001). Six LyL/ALLs were CD34 positive (of 23), and none of the SNCLs were CD34 positive (0 of 12) (chi-square P = .0519). Bcl-2-positive cases were found among both LyL/ ALLs and SNCLs, although they were more prevalent among LyL/ ALLs (92% v 25%; chi-square P < .0001). When one considers the differential diagnosis of a high-grade lymphoma/acute lymphoblastic leukemia, positive reactions with 12E7, TdT, bcl-2, and CD34 support the diagnosis of LyL/ALL over SNCL. Moreover, we present data that suggests that evaluating for TdT in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue is a more sensitive test than using either 12E7, bcl-2 or CD34 alone.
Aberrant regulation and function of wild-type p53 in radioresistant melanoma cells

Sporadic human tumors and the hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome Li-Fraumeni are frequently associated with mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene that compromise its ability to function as a DNA damage checkpoint. A subset of Li-Fraumeni patients with wild-type p53 alleles have mutations in chk2/hcds1, one of the genes signaling the presence of DNA damage to the p53 protein. This suggests that p53 may be kept inactive in human cancer by mutations targeting DNA damage signaling pathways. Melanoma cells are highly radioresistant, yet they express wild-type p53 protein, raising the possibility of defects in the pathways that activate p53 in response to DNA damage. We have described a chk2/hcds1-independent DNA damage signaling pathway that targets Ser-376 within the COOH terminus of p53 for dephosphorylation and leads to increased p53 functional activity. We now report that in several human melanoma cell lines that express wild-type p53, the phosphorylation state of Ser-376 was not regulated by DNA damage. In these cell lines, neither the endogenous wild-type p53 protein nor high levels of ectopic wild-type p53 led to cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Thus, defective activation of p53 in response to DNA damage may underlie the radioresistance of human melanoma cells.
Capacity of Wireless Networks with Heterogeneous Traffic

We study the scaling laws for wireless ad hoc network in which the distribution of nodes in the network is homogeneous but the traffic is heterogeneous. More specifically, we consider the case in which a node is the sink to k sources sending different information, while the rest of the nodes are part of unicast communications with a uniform assignment of source-destination pairs. We prove that the capacity of these heterogeneous networks is Θ(n/Tmax), where Tmax and n denote the maximum traffic for a cell and the number of nodes in the network, respectively. Equivalently, our derivations reveal that, when n - k ≠ constant, the network capacity is equal to Θ(√n/log n) for k = O(√n log n) and equal to Θ(n/k) for k = Ω(√n log n). Furthermore, the network capacity is Θ(1) when n - k = constant. These results demonstrate that the capacity of a heterogeneous network is dominated by the maximum congestion in any area of the network.
Should abdominal aortic aneurysm be managed differently in women

Although abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is 4 to 6 times more common in men than in women, more than a third of all AAA deaths occur in women. In several reports from the UK Small Aneurysm Trial group, the rupture rate for women was 3-4 times that seen in men. A joint council of several vascular societies responded to these observations with the recommendation that AAA should be repaired earlier in women, at 4.5 cm to 5.0 cm rather than the 5.5 cm established in randomized trials for men. However, this recommendation does not appear to reflect a full consideration of the evidence. For example, population-based studies have reported mortality following AAA repair to be 40-60% higher in women than in men. Also, in the UK Small Aneurysm Trial itself, there was no trend toward a benefit from early repair in women. The totality of evidence available at present provides no good reason to alter for women the 5.5 cm threshold for elective repair established for men by the small AAA trials.
Opening the Black Box: Using Process Evaluation Measures to Assess Implementation and Theory Building

The past decade has seen increasing recognition in prevention science of the need to move away from a black box approach to intervention evaluation and toward an approach that can elaborate on the mechanisms through which changes in the outcomes operate (Chen & Rossi, 1989; Durlak & Wells, 1997; Spoth et al., 1995). An approach that examines issues of program implementation is particularly critical in the design of efficacy studies of school-based preventive interventions. Numerous preventive intervention strategies are now delivered within the schools, often by regular classroom teachers. The extent to which teachers faithfully deliver a particular curriculum or incorporate instructional strategies emphasized by an intervention is a critical question for the overall project evaluation. This article illustrates the utilization of process measures from a multicomponent school-based prevention program to examine implementation of a teaching staff development intervention, and the program's underlying theoretical basis. Given the nested study design, the analyses utilize hierarchical linear models (Bryk & Raudenbush, 1992) to examine changes in teaching strategies by condition and investigate the hypothesized relationships between teaching practices and student behaviors based on the program's theoretical framework. Results suggest that teaching practices in two of the six intervention focus areas were positively impacted in the first 18 months of the project. Findings also support th relationships between teachers' instructional practices and students' behaviour.
The Engineering Learning Center: a model for mentored product innovation

Engineering students are employed to work on product innovation projects at the Kansas State University (KSU) Engineering Learning Center (ELC). The ELC was designed to accomplish a two-fold mission: to enhance the education of engineering students and to promote economic development in the state. A primary means to accomplish this mission is to hire engineering students to work on real product innovation projects for client companies under the tutelage of experienced engineers. Projects have resulted in new products that are now being produced and sold and machines that have been designed and built to improve the manufacturing operations for AMI clients. This paper details the KSU AMI model for using product innovation projects to simultaneously enhance the education of engineering students and to develop the state's economy.
Duck gait: Relationship to hip angle, bone ash, bone density, and morphology

Abstract The rapid growth meat birds, including ducks, undergo requires skeletal integrity; however, fast growth may not be conducive to adequate bone structure. A relationship likely exists between skeletal changes and duck mobility. Reduced mobility in meat ducks may have impacts on welfare and production. This study examined the relationships among gait score, bone parameters, and hip angle. Commercial Pekin ducks, ages 14 d (n = 100), 21 d (n = 100), and 32 d (n = 100) were weighed and gait scored with a 3-point gait score system by an observer as they walked over a Tekscan gait analysis system. Gait was scored as GS0, GS1, or GS2 with a score of GS0 defined as good walking ability and a score of GS2 as poorest walking ability. Ducks were humanely euthanized, full body scanned using quantitative computed tomography (QCT), and the right femur and tibia were extracted. Leg bones were cleaned, measured, fat extracted, and ashed. QCT scans were rendered to create computerized 3D models where pelvic hip angles and bone density were measured. Statistical analysis was conducted using PROC MIXED with age and gait score in the model. Body weight increased with age, but within an age, body weight decreased as walking ability became worse (P
A comparative analysis of the impact of culture on university foodservice satisfaction: a pilot study

The purpose of this study was to expand the research in university foodservices and cross-cultural service quality perceptions initiated by Ruetzler by investigating whether differences existed between students at a southeastern and a southwestern university. Using factor analysis and multivariate analysis of variance tests, significant differences were revealed based on culture in three factors among the southeastern students; however, no differences existed among the southwestern students. When the two universities were compared with each other, significant differences were discovered in two factors. This study confirmed that the six factors resulting from Ruetzler's research were transferable to a larger university in a different geographical location. However, broad assumptions that specific cultural preferences at one university would remain the same at another university should not be made. As international student populations continue to grow, administrators and foodservice providers should consider this segment when operating, evaluating and making decisions regarding campus foodservice outlets.
Rare presentation of classical Hodgkin lymphoma with a clonal T-cell receptor gene rearrangement in the tissue

Classical Hodgkin lymphomas (CHLs) with a T-cell clone are uncommon, and have unknown biologic potential. We describe a CHL presenting with a clonal T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement with an...
Critical response: The audience as nuisance

(1988). Critical response: The audience as nuisance. Critical Studies in Mass Communication: Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 239-243.
Vertebral artery dissection in evolution found during chiropractic examination

A 30-year-old woman presented to an emergency department with sudden onset of transient loss of left peripheral vision. Owing to a history of migraine headaches, she was released with a diagnosis of ocular migraine. Two days later, she sought chiropractic care for the chief symptom of severe neck pain. The chiropractor suspected the possibility of vertebral artery dissection (VAD). No manipulation was performed; instead, MR angiography (MRA) of the neck was obtained, which revealed an acute left VAD with early thrombus formation. The patient was placed on aspirin therapy. Repeat MRA of the neck 3 months later revealed resolution of the thrombus, without progression to stroke. This case illustrates the importance for all healthcare providers who see patients with neck pain and headache to be attentive to the symptomatic presentation of possible VAD in progress.
Predictions of a Thermoviscoelastic Constitutive Equation for Specific Volume Relaxation in the Glass Transition Region

It has been shown for the first time that fully three dimensional GKAC constitutive model can quantitatively describe as a special case isothermal volume recovery. GKAC model can also describe the "expansion gap", and the memory effects can also be qualitatively predicted. The details of the thermal history can significantly influence the predictions and this issue need additional study.
Plasma Discharge Characteristics and Experimentally Determined Boundary Conditions for a Plasma Actuator

Particle (PIC-DSMC) and fluid plasma simulations are carried out of a plasma actuator discharge. The results, when compared to experiments, show that the plasma may be operating under two discharge modes simultaneously: 1) a Townsend avalanche which dominates the electrical properties of the plasma and 2) a glow discharge which dominates the force production. In addition, experiments are carried out to determine the voltage boundary conditions on the plasma using a V-dot probe technique. The results show that the voltage across the plasma is less than half of that which is applied across the electrodes. The voltage across the plasma is shown to be a maximum value independent of the voltage applied to the electrodes.
Zusammenfassung und Epilog

Der amerikanischen Wirtschaftswissenschaftlerin Hazel Henderson, die sich in ihren Arbeiten im weitesten Sinne mit der Uberwindung der drei grossen Bedrohungen der menschlichen Zivilisation Atomkrieg, Hunger sowie Zerstorung der naturlichen Lebensgrundlagen auseinandersetzt, ist die bedeutsame Aussage zu verdanken: “Global denken aber lokal handeln”.
Management of Lateral Plantar Artery Pseudoaneurysm After Penetrating Injury in Children

A case of lateral plantar artery pseudoaneurysm following a penetrating injury in a 10-year-old male is presented. Only a handful of such cases have been reported in the literature, and as such, a defined treatment algorithm is lacking. Our case and a review of the literature suggest that these injuries involve vessel transection, making them unsuitable for ultrasound-guided thrombin injection. In addition, the presence of bacterial contamination of the wound makes attempts at endovascular coiling prohibitive. Direct surgical exploration and ligation should remain the mainstay of therapy in most patients.
Influence of direction of body weight change on pattern of gonadotropin secretion in ovariectomized beef heifers of equivalent body weight.

Our hypothesis was that alterations in pattern of gonadotropin secretion induced by level of dietary energy intake are dependent on direction of BW change. Beef heifers were assigned to one of two treatments 21 d after ovariectomy: 1) increasing followed by decreasing BW (I-D; n = 9) or 2) decreasing followed by increasing BW (D-I; n = 9). Heifers assigned to the I-D treatment received 15.4 Mcal ME/d (HE) from wk 0 to 8 followed by 4.3 Mcal ME/d (LE) from wk 9 to 16. Heifers assigned to the D-I treatment received the LE diet for the initial 8 wk followed by the HE diet for the subsequent 8 wk. At 2-wk intervals blood samples were collected at 10-min intervals for 11 h to determine the pattern of secretion and(or) concentration of gonadotropins in circulation (LH and FSH) and pituitary responsiveness to administration of 750 ng and 50 micrograms of LHRH. Frequency of LH pulses increased (P less than .05) in a quadratic fashion with increasing ADG in heifers in both treatment groups. Amplitude of LH pulses decreased (P less than .05) in a linear fashion with increasing ADG in heifers in both treatment groups and magnitude of this decline was greater (P less than .05) in heifers receiving the D-I treatment. Amplitude of response to 750 ng of LHRH decreased (P less than .05) in a linear fashion with increasing ADG in heifers receiving the D-I treatment but was unrelated to changes in ADG (P greater than .05) in heifers receiving the I-D treatment. When heifers in both treatment groups attained similar BW (P greater than .05; wk 14), amplitude of LH pulses, responsiveness to 750 ng of LHRH and mean concentration of FSH in serum were higher (P less than .05) in heifers receiving the I-D than in heifers receiving the D-I treatment. Thus, we accept the hypothesis that alterations in pattern of gonadotropin secretion in heifers fed diets with a low energy content are dependent on direction of BW change.
Women and the Service Sector

In the chapters on the time budgets of Soviet households and the more detailed discussion of leisure, the data repeatedly showed that for women, time may be the scarcest commodity. The existence of the double burden (dvoinaia nagruzka) in the Soviet context has a curious configuration. Women are considered the equals of men in terms of their participation in the labour force and in many ways this reflects an enlightened view of the rights and capacities of both sexes to be fulfilled as workers. It is the realisation of the revolutionary goal that women should be equal participants in ‘social production’. But we have demonstrated that women have dual employment in the labour force and at home. It might also be added that there are ways in which life has become more complex for Soviet women than it was 50 years ago. We have seen that women are primarily responsible for supervising children’s homework and going to parent—teacher conferences.1 In an educationally acquisitive society this is not a task taken lightly. In addition, the typical Soviet family has an increasing amount of leisure time and in 80 per cent of the families the woman takes chief responsibility for organising the family’s free time.2 The extraordinary number of hours women work, playing two roles, is not simply determined by traditional roles assigned through the centuries by biology and acculturation.
Oxidation State as a Bioresponsive Trigger

Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as important mediators and signaling molecules in many biological processes, but their overproduction can cause or exacerbate disease. This has motivated the development of biomaterials that can interact with ROS in a therapeutic capacity. These ROS-sensitive materials have been primarily used in three broad biomedical applications: (1) ROS-mediated intracellular drug release for targeted delivery to highly oxidative phagocytic or cancerous cells, (2) extracellular drug delivery targeted to tissues with elevated levels of ROS, and (3) the formation of ROS-degradable tissue engineering scaffolds. This chapter outlines the chemistry and function of the different oxidatively responsive polymers currently being researched and describes their functionality in various biomedical applications.
Appendix 7—Immediate Procedure Note

This section provides helpful, easily accessible supplemental reading materials, tables, and forms on a variety of subjects such as history, physical exam, preprocedural coagulation parameters, antithrombotic medications, procedural risk for bleeding, antibiotic prophylaxis, and preprocedural and immediate documentation and notes.
On Correctly Adjusting the Squared Multiple Correlation Coefficient in Linear Regression: Effect Size Estimation and Significance Testing with Application to Substance Abuse Research

Linear regression analysis is ubiquitous in many areas of scholarly inquiry, including substance abuse research. In linear regression it is common practice to test whether the squared multiple correlation coefficient, R2, differs significantly from zero. However, this test is misleading because the expected value of R2 is not zero under the null hypothesis. In this brief methodological note I discuss the implications of this realization for calculating and interpreting the squared multiple correlation coefficient, R2. In addition, I discuss and offer freely available software that calculates the expected value of R2 under the null hypothesis that ρ-the population value of the multiple correlation coefficient-equals zero, an adjusted R2 value and effect size measure that both take into account the expected value of R2, and an F statistic that tests the significance of difference between the obtained R2 and the expected value of R2 under the null hypothesis that ρ=0.
Integrating smart grid technologies into an electrical and computer engineering curriculum

The evolution of power engineering education is creating a need to develop educational materials to help train tomorrow's workforce as well as retool current engineering professionals. This paper discusses the development of a senior elective/graduate level smart grid class that is designed to help all engineers, particularly electrical engineers get introduced or updated to the smart grid concepts to allow them to take their undergraduate background in a diversity of technical areas (communications, controls, electronics, instrumentation, electromagnetics, computers and more) and understand how these areas integrate within the electric power grid.
Sensitivity enhancement in an in-vitro glucose sensor using gold nanoelectrode ensembles

Enzymatic electrochemical sensor for glucose detection is fabricated based on hydrothermally grown zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods. The conception of gold (Au) nanoelectrode ensembles (NEEs) is applied to enhance the sensitivity of the electrochemical sensor under investigation. The characterization of as-synthesized ZnO nanorods on Au and indium tin oxide substrates is performed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The current sensitivity of sensors with and without Au NEEs are computed using the cyclic voltammetry and amperometric tests executed for the glucose level ranging from 0.01 to 11.00 mM/L. Current sensitivity of 7.5 µA/mM for a linear range of glucose concentration from 0.01 to 6.5 mM is testified. Response time of 1 s and a low limit of detection of 0.065 mM is reported for the sensor based on Au NEEs. The need of ZnO nanorods in the sensor working electrode, to immobilize enzyme glucose oxidase is justified. The presence of Au NEEs boost the sensor current sensitivity by enhancing the rate of electron transfer during the electrochemical reaction.
State-based communication design for wireless control systems

We examine the problem of a sensor communicating over a wireless channel to an actuator in order to control a plant that is perturbed by a random disturbance. By allowing the sensor to adapt online to the stochastic system state, we develop transmission policies with guarantees on average control performance and required average communication resources. More specifically we design policies with guarantees either on a linear combination of these two objectives, or with guarantees with respect to a hard constraint on the average communication resources. Based on approximate dynamic programming we prove as well as illustrate in simulations that our policies outperform policies that do not adapt online to the stochastic system state.
Regulation of PD-L1 expression on murine tumor-associated monocytes and macrophages by locally produced TNF-α

PD-L1 is an immune checkpoint protein that has emerged as a major signaling molecule involved with tumor escape from T cell immune responses. Studies have shown that intra-tumoral expression of PD-L1 can inhibit antitumor immune responses. However, it has recently been shown that expression of PD-L1 on myeloid cells from the tumor is a stronger indicator of prognosis than tumor cell PD-L1 expression. Therefore, it is important to understand the factors that govern the regulation of PD-L1 expression on tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells. We found that immature bone marrow monocytes in tumor-bearing mice had low levels of PD-L1 expression, while higher levels of expression were observed on monocytes in circulation. In contrast, macrophages found in tumor tissues expressed much higher levels of PD-L1 than circulating monocytes, implying upregulation by the tumor microenvironment. We demonstrated that tumor-conditioned media strongly induced increased PD-L1 expression by bone marrow-derived monocytes and TNF-α to be a cytokine that causes an upregulation of PD-L1 expression by the monocytes. Furthermore, we found production of TNF-α by the monocytes themselves to be a TLR2-dependent response to versican secreted by tumor cells. Thus, PD-L1 expression by tumor macrophages appears to be regulated in a different manner than by tumor cells themselves.
First known lenses originating in Egypt about 4600 years ago

The first lenses (ca. Vth Dynasties of the Old Kingdom of Egypt. These lenses are found in The Louvre Museum in Paris and the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. They were components of extraordinary eye constructs in statues which had unique qualities. Namely, the "eyes" appear to follow the viewer as he/she rotates about these statues in any direction. This effect can be photographed and reproduced 2620-2400 B.C., 4620-4400 Before Present=B.P.) appeared mainly during the IVth and optically. This effect has been modeled here. The lenses were ground from high quality (!) rock crystal (a form of quartz, n approximately 1.46). Each had a convex and highly polished front "corneal" surface. Thus, in a sense, these were multifocal lenses. The iris aperture may or may not have been open to a substantial posterior "vitreous" cavity formed largely by curved copper plates which extended forward to create the lid structures of these eyes. Were these a form of schematic eyes? Could such fine quality and complex (sophisticated) lenses be the first lenses? Clearly, the observer was intended to look at these eyes and follow their apparent movements. The total structure of these eyes indicated an advanced understanding of ocular anatomy and a surprising knowledge of optics. There are many questions.
Abstract 398: Mice Containing the Human Gilbert’S Syndrome Mutation (UGT1A1*28) Are Resistant to the Development of Type II Diabetes and Deposition of Body Fat on a High Fat Diet

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction has been previously demonstrated to reduce body weight and prevent type II diabetes in obese mice. However, the role of increased bilirubin production in this response is unknown. Gilbert’s syndrome is derived from a mutation in the hepatic UGT1A1 gene which results in decreased conjugation and increased levels of plasma biliribin independent of changes in HO-1. In order to determine the role of increased plasma bilirubin on the development of type II diabetes and obesity, we placed mice whose only functioning UGT1A1 gene contained the human Gilbert’s syndrome mutation (UGT1A1*28, n=4) as well as C57BL/6J control mice (n=5) on a high fat (60%) diet for 35 weeks. Plasma bilirubin levels were significantly increased in the UGT*28 mice as compared to controls and averaged 1.65 ± 0.2 vs. 1.18 ± 0.1 mg/dL (P
GnRH neurons and other cellular and molecular mechanisms for simple mammalian reproductive behaviors.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the burgeoning evidence that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)—also known as luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)—neurons originate in the epithelium of the olfactory pit and migrate across the nasal septum into the developing forebrain that has recently been reviewed. With immunocytochemistry, LHRH-expressing neurons were found migrating from the epithelium of the olfactory pit along branches of the terminalis and vomeronasal nerves into the mouse forebrain. When LHRH cells were visualized near the olfactory placode, the greatest amount of immunoreactivity was seen surrounding the nuclear envelope. LHRH immunoreactivity was not seen in the Golgi apparatus or in neurosecretory granules, suggesting through morphological evidence that it is not secreted during the nasal portion of the migration route. Quantitatively, not only fewer cells were seen on the migration route compared to various control conditions but also fewer LHRH cells were seen expressing, even in the olfactory placode itself. Notably, the anti- neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) manipulation did not destroy the scaffolding itself and is not claimed to be powerful enough that a single microinjection can destroy the passage of all LHRH cells.
Association of History of Gestational Diabetes With Long-term Cardiovascular Disease Risk in a Large Prospective Cohort of US Women.

Importance Previous studies identify gestational diabetes (GD) as a risk factor for intermediate markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk; however, few are prospective, evaluate hard CVD end points, or account for shared risk factors including body weight and lifestyle. Objective To prospectively evaluate history of GD in relation to incident CVD risk. Design, Setting, and Participants The Nurses’ Health Study II (NHS II) is an observational cohort study of US female nurses established in 1989, with ongoing follow-up. Biennial questionnaires updated behavioral characteristics, health outcomes, and lifestyle factors. Multivariable Cox models estimated the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI for CVD risk. We included 89 479 women who reported at least 1 pregnancy and were free of CVD and cancer at baseline. Follow-up through May 31, 2015, was complete for more than 90% of eligible participants. Exposures History of GD was self-reported at baseline (1989) via questionnaire and updated every 2 years. Main Outcomes and Measures We observed 1161 incident self-reported nonfatal or fatal myocardial infarction or stroke, confirmed via medical records. Results Participants had a mean (SD) age of 34.9 (4.7) years. Adjusting for age, prepregnancy body mass index, and other covariates, GD vs no GD was associated with subsequent CVD (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.12-1.81). Additional adjustment for weight gain since pregnancy and updated lifestyle factors attenuated the association (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.01-1.65). Classifying GD by progression to T2D in relation to CVD risk indicated a positive association for GD with progression to T2D vs no GD or T2D (HR, 4.02; 95% CI, 1.94-8.31), and an attenuated relationship for GD only (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 0.99-1.71). Conclusions and Relevance Gestational diabetes was positively associated with CVD later in life, although the absolute rate of CVD in this younger cohort of predominantly white women was low. This relationship is possibly mediated in part by subsequent weight gain and lack of healthy lifestyle.
Peace in the pipeline

Turbulence in pipe flows causes substantial friction and economic losses. The solution to appease the flow through pipelines might be, counterintuitively, to initially enhance turbulent mixing and get laminar flow in return.
A Comparative Study of Rural and Urban Residents’ Trust in Police in Taiwan:

This study aims to examine residents’ attitude toward the police, with an empirical assessment of survey data collected from both urban and rural areas of Taiwan, a Chinese society that has success...
Rethinking the RECAP: mapping the relational geographies of concentrated poverty and affluence in Lexington, Kentucky

The idea of concentrated poverty has long held a prominent place in understandings of racial and class inequality in American cities. While the spatial concentration of the poor is undoubtedly an i...
Wie (un)zuverlässig ist die Forschung

Viele wissenschaftliche Arbeiten lassen sich nicht reproduzieren. Schon ist von einer Vertrauenskrise die Rede. Doch wer mit pauschalen Urteilen um sich wirft, macht es sich zu einfach.
The Role of 30 S Ribosomal Subunits in Initiation of Protein Synthesis

N-formylmethionyl-tRNA (fMet-tRNA F )1 is involved in the initiation of protein synthesis in E. coli, and the triplet for fMet-tRNA F , AUG (and possibly GUG and others), is most likely the signal for initiation of synthesis of polypeptide chains [1–8]. The most widely entertained hypothesis of the mechanism of chain initiation is that 70S ribo-somes bind with a high affinity to the initiator codon in mRNA and/or fMet-tRNA F , leading to formation of a 70 S-mRNA-fMet-tRNA F complex at the starting site on mRNA. An essential feature of this hypothesis is that the postulated affinity of 70S ribosomes for the initiator codon (and/or fMet-tRNA F ) is so high that it excludes all possible interactions of 70S ribosomes with other codons leading to binding of aminoacyl tRNA’s other than fMet-tRNA F (see, for example, ref. [6]). However, the vast majority of experiments have shown that 70S ribosomes can make stable mRNA-70 S-aminoacyl-tRNA complexes using a variety of synthetic mRNA’s and corresponding aminoacyl-tRNA’s. Thus, it is difficult to believe this hypothesis in its simplest form unless we make a further assumption that only the initiator codon is “exposed” and all other codons are masked by a secondary structure of RNA in the natural mRNA.
Carrier Dynamics in Monolayer WS2 via Time-Resolved Terahertz Spectroscopy

We investigate the ultrafast dynamics of photogenerated charge carriers in the two-dimensional material WS2 via time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy. We report on the behavior of excitons, trions, and unbound electrons/holes in this material.
Offset-free mid-infrared frequency comb based on a mode-locked semiconductor laser.

We demonstrate a carrier-envelope offset-free frequency comb in the mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) based on a passively mode-locked vertical external cavity surface emitting laser (VECSEL) operating at a 1.6 GHz repetition rate. The 290 mW output spanning 3.0–3.5 μm is generated through difference frequency generation (DFG) in periodically poled lithium niobate. The VECSEL pulse train is centered at 1030 nm and amplified up to 11 W in a Yb fiber amplifier system. The output is split to generate a second pulse train at 1560 nm through nonlinear broadening in a Si3N4 waveguide followed by amplification in an Er gain fiber. DFG between the 1030 and 1560 nm pulse trains results in a coherent and offset-free MWIR frequency comb, verified with optical heterodyne beat note measurements. Active stabilization of the VECSEL repetition rate provides a fully stabilized high repetition rate frequency comb in the MWIR, uniquely suited for applications in molecular spectroscopy.
Effect of bistrifluoromethane sulfonimide treatment on nickel/InAs contacts

In this work, the effects of bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide (TFSI) (a superacid) surface treatment on electrical properties of nickel/InAs contacts and InAs material are investigated with transmission line measurements (TLMs). After TFSI treatments on bare InAs TLM patterns, the contact resistance between InAs and Ni contact increased. While for InAs TLM structure passivated with a ZrO2 thin film, the total resistance of InAs decreased drastically after TFSI treatments. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements revealed that the TFSI reduced the indium oxide at the InAs/ZrO2 interface. This novel passivation method can be adopted in III–V semiconductor device fabrication process to reduce contact resistance and, therefore, enhance device performances, providing a new guidance for III–V fabrication process technology.