cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mutational status of IDH1 in uveal melanoma

Uveal (intraocular) melanoma is an uncommon malignancy that comprises a small percentage of all melanoma cases. While many uveal melanomas harbor mutations in the BRCA-Associated Protein 1 (BAP1) gene, the genetics of non-BAP1 associated tumors are not completely understood. Recent studies have shown that a small subset of non-uveal melanomas hold mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), but the mutational status of IDH in uveal melanoma is unclear. Mutations in IDH are strongly prognostic and predictive of tumor behavior in other cancers, mainly diffuse gliomas, which commonly contain the IDH1-R132H mutation. For this study, we hypothesized that uveal melanoma may contain the IDH1-R132H mutation, similar to non-uveal melanoma and other cancers. A search of our institutional pathology files identified 50 consecutive cases of uveal melanoma with additional material utilized for retrospective IDH1-R132H immunohistochemical testing. The demographics of these patients included similar ages, gender distributions, and other clinical characteristics as described in previous studies. Similarly, histological subtype distributions and the presence of high risk pathologic features were consistent with other reports. All 50 of the uveal melanoma cases demonstrated negativity for IDH1-R132H by immunohistochemistry. This rate is unlike that of non-uveal melanoma and further supports their distinct molecular oncogenic profile.
Vocal Fold Paralysis after Esophagectomy for Carcinoma.

Objectives(1) To recognize factors that contribute to vocal fold paralysis (VFP) after esophagectomy. (2) To describe the morbidity associated with VFP after esophagectomy.Study DesignRetrospective...
Characteristics of sports training from the perspective of dissipative structure theory

From the perspective of dissipative structure theory,coupled with related characteristics of sports training in terms of time,structure,system and pattern,the authors discussed such characteristics of sports training as irreversible,asymmetrical,non equilibrium,orderly,stable,open and objective.Based on these characteristics of sports training,the authors put forward the following suggestion: 1) we should accurately grasp the characteristics of sports training,straighten out the correlations between various elements in sports training,so that sports training itself develops toward a healthy,orderly benign condition;2) we should,based on the characteristics of sports training,actively establish new theories and methods suitable for sports training,so that the theoretical foundation of sports training can be constantly expanded and developed in practice;3) we should,based on the characteristics of sports training,fully understand the characteristics of sports individuals,work out practically feasible sports plans,rationally arrange sports loads,and cre-ate conditions for individuals to achieve their best performance to the maximum extent.
Size-selective toxicity effects of the antimicrobial tylosin on estuarine phytoplankton communities.

The purpose of this study was to determine the lethal and sublethal effects of the antimicrobial tylosin on natural estuarine phytoplankton communities. Bioassays were used in experimental treatments with final concentrations of 5 to 1000 μg tylosin l(-1). Maximum percent inhibition ranged from 57 to 85% at concentrations of 200-400 μg tylosin l(-1). Half maximum inhibition concentrations of tylosin were ca. 5x lower for small phytoplankton ( 20 μm) and suggests that small phytoplankton are more sensitive to tylosin exposure. Sublethal effects occurred at concentrations as low as 5 μg tylosin l(-1). Environmental concentrations of tylosin (e.g., 0.2-3 μg l(-1)) may have a significant sublethal effect that alters the size structure and composition of phytoplankton communities. The results of this study highlight the potential importance of cell size on toxicity responses of estuarine phytoplankton.
Dopamine Receptor Subtypes: Differential Regulatory Characteristics and Levels in Schizophrenia

D1 dopamine receptors have not generally been considered to be involved in the mechanism of action of antipsychotic drugs since most potent butyrophenones and substituted benzamide neuroleptics are weak antagonists at this dopamine receptor. Surprisingly, in rodents, both D1 and D2 dopamine receptors have now been shown to mediate similar behavioral responses, while antagonism of either dopamine receptor also produces similar behavioral outcomes. Because such antagonist responses are often predictive of antipsychotic activity, my collaborators and I have investigated the radioligand binding properties of dopamine receptors in postmortem brains from schizophrenic patients (Hess et al., 1987a). Brain tissue from 8 control and 8 schizophrenic patients (as diagnosed by the primary physician) was obtained from the District of Columbia Medical Examiners Office, Washington, DC. Chart review by a research psychiatrist (J.E.K.) confirmed the D.S.M.-III diagnosis of schizophrenia in 6 patients. The two additional patients had chronic non-remitting psychotic illnesses which started at ages 46 and 62. The brains were removed (postmortem intervals: control = 16.1 +/− 1.7 hours, schizophrenic = 21.1 +/− 4.9 hours), the caudate nucleus dissected on ice, frozen whole in liquid nitrogen, pulverized and then stored in small, airtight plastic bags at −70°C until assayed. D1 dopamine receptor affinities and densities were assessed by 3H-SCH23390 binding. D2 dopamine receptor properties were assessed by 3H-spiperone binding, assayed in the presence of 40 nM ketanserin to mask its binding to S2 serotonin receptors.
Depression and physical functioning among older Americans with diabesity: NHANES 2009-2010.

Background Caring for older adults with diabesity can be challenging for primary care nurse practitioners. The purpose of this study was to examine whether there would be an additive effect of diabesity on depressive symptoms and physical functioning of older adults. We hypothesized that there is an additive effect of diabesity on depressive symptoms and physical functioning among older adults with one or neither condition. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys collected from African-American and Caucasian adults aged 65 and over between 2009 and 2010. Multivariate linear regression models were utilized. The sample consisted of 918 participants. In covariate-adjusted models, participants with diabesity reported more depressive symptoms than people with neither condition. Individuals with diabesity and those with obesity alone reported significantly more difficulty with physical function when compared to participants with neither condition. Conclusion Findings suggest that diabesity was more burdensome to older adults than either condition alone. More research is needed to understand the interplay between depression, physical function, and diabesity. Implications for practice To disrupt the adverse effects of diabesity burden, increased nurse practitioner awareness of this phenomenon may be beneficial in improving and maintaining physical and mental health among older adults.
Abstract 028: ACE2 Activator, Diminazene, Rebalances Gut Microbial Dysbiosis and Attenuates Pulmonary Hypertension

Introduction: Our previous studies have established that increasing the levels of pulmonary Angiotensin converting enzyme2 (ACE2) either by genetic overexpression or by a small molecule activator, ...
The Generic Self: Anecdotal vs. Autobiographical References to Personal History

"The beginning of wisdom for Wang Wei was to lose one’s self in Nature; the beginning of wisdom for Wordsworth was to find one’s self in Nature. They were, of course, both right-each in his own way. The crucial and interesting question is: what are the differences in the ways in which Wordsworth and Wang Wei are both right."
Historical Perspectives: Necrotizing Enterocolitis: An Inherited Or Acquired Condition?

Perhaps the least well understood of the disorders of prematurity is necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Although it is not certain when this problem initially was observed, it was well described in 1964 by Berdon and coworkers at Babies Hospital in New York, (1) with amplification from the same group in slightly later publications. (2)(3) A group in Seattle also contributed important observations of a significant number of survivors in a comparatively large series (4) and an increased frequency of the disorder in the late 1960s. (5) The role of radiographic interpretation was emphasized in these later reports, with pneumatosis intestinalis considered the hallmark of the disorder. It subsequently was emphasized that a provisional diagnosis was required before pneumatosis was evident to allow for medical rather than surgical intervention. (6) Even in the early reports, the very low-birthweight (VLBW) infant (<1,500 g) born before 32 weeks’ gestation seemed to be particularly susceptible, although larger and more mature infants also could be affected. Both then and now, NEC was and is a disorder of uncertain etiology. (7)(8) The role of bowel ischemia seemed to be paramount, with bacterial infection and method of feeding being other important contributors. Although infection seemed to be important, it was not possible to isolate a responsible organism in many cases. Despite this, the periodicity of the disorder in nurseries and the ability to reduce the incidence by infection control measures (9) was highly suggestive of the potential importance of infection (possibly viral). The ability of human milk to protect against NEC in the VLBW infant is well established, (10) and minimal enteral nutrition over several days also has been shown to decrease the incidence of NEC in VLBW infants. (11) At one point, the idea that NEC was a form of inflammatory …
Topological characterization and early detection of bifurcations and chaos in complex systems using persistent homology

Early detection of bifurcations and chaos and understanding their topological characteristics are essential for safe and reliable operation of various electrical, chemical, physical, and industrial processes. However, the presence of non-linearity and high-dimensionality in system behavior makes this analysis a challenging task. The existing methods for dynamical system analysis provide useful tools for anomaly detection (e.g., Bendixson-Dulac and Poincare-Bendixson criteria can detect the presence of limit cycles); however, they do not provide a detailed topological understanding about system evolution during bifurcations and chaos, such as the changes in the number of subcycles and their positions, lifetimes, and sizes. This paper addresses this research gap by using topological data analysis as a tool to study system evolution and develop a mathematical framework for detecting the topological changes in the underlying system using persistent homology. Using the proposed technique, topological features (e.g., number of relevant k-dimensional holes, etc.) are extracted from nonlinear time series data which are useful for deeper analysis of the system behavior and early detection of bifurcations and chaos. When applied to a Logistic map, a Duffing oscillator, and a real life Op-amp based Jerk circuit, these features are shown to accurately characterize the system dynamics and detect the onset of chaos.
By genes alone: a model selectionist argument for genetical explanations of cooperation in non-human organisms

I distinguish two versions of kin selection theory—a purely genetic version (GKST) and a version that also appeals to cultural (i.e. non-genetically-derived) forms of cooperation (WKST)—and present an argument in favor of using the former when it comes to accounting for the evolution of cooperation in non-human organisms. Specifically, I first show that both GKST and WKST are equally mathematically coherent—they can both be derived from the Price equation—but not necessarily equally empirically plausible, as they are based on different assumptions about the inheritance system underlying the cooperative phenotype. Given this, I then, second, present a model selection theoretic argument in favor of GKST over WKST. This argument is based on the fact that, in non-human cases, the former theory is likely to be as empirically successful as WKST, while containing fewer degrees of freedom. I end by defending both the intrinsic importance of this argument and its relevance to the discussion surrounding the “gene’s eye view of evolution.”
Abstract 3545: Glucose-dependent regulation of PXR is modulated by AMPK

The sensitivity of patients to drugs depends on the pharmacokinetics of the drugs, but largely on the bioavailability of the drugs in the body. Orally administered drugs must pass through the intestinal wall and the portal circulation to reach the liver; both are sites of first-pass metabolism. Thus, many drugs may be metabolized before optimal plasma concentrations are reached, or before getting to target tissues, resulting in diminished drug efficacy and acquired drug resistance. Among the several drug-metabolizing enzymes (DME) is cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme 3A4, the most abundant in the liver, metabolizes approximately 50 percent of marketed drugs and a main target of pregnane X receptor (PXR) In addition, transporters including MDR1 are also regulated by PXR. There is increasing evidence that drug metabolism can be affected by energy metabolism and vice versa. PXR has been implicated to have a complex role in energy homeostasis, and increased drug clearance was observed in untreated diabetic patients. The elimination of any chemotherapeutic agents in humans is markedly dependent on the relative expression and activity of the various DMEs and drug transpoters. The heterotrimeric AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) serves as a monitor of cellular energy status in most eukaryotic cell, and is activated under energy stress conditions. Interestingly, AMPK is also regarded as a tumor suppressor in various cancers because of its inhibitory effects on anabolic processes that are important for tumor development. Despite the knowledge of the cross-regulation between drug metabolism and energy metabolism, the molecular pathways of this interaction remain vague. In our study, we exposed HepG2 cells to varying glucose concentrations and observed that PXR is greatly induced in high glucose conditions. This finding is consistent with clinical observation of increased drug clearance in untreated diabetic patients. We demonstrate that AMPK modulates PXR transcriptional activity. As such, the pharmacological manipulations of AMPK activation status show an inverse relationship with PXR activity. Activation of AMPK was shown to decrease PXR activity as observed by decreased CYP3A4 transcription, and consistent with that a potentiation of response to drugs. Interestingly, we observed that PXR is not a direct target of AMPK: it remains to be determined what the intermediary between AMPK and PXR is. Taken together, our studies identify novel links between the energy status of the cell, the activation of AMPK and down regulation of PXR. Citation Format: Peter O. Oladimeji. Glucose-dependent regulation of PXR is modulated by AMPK [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3545. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3545
Ca2+/calmodulin binding to PSD‐95 mediates homeostatic synaptic scaling down

Postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) localizes AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) to postsynaptic sites of glutamatergic synapses. Its postsynaptic displacement is necessary for loss of AMPARs during homeostatic scaling down of synapses. Here, we demonstrate that upon Ca2+ influx, Ca2+/calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM) binding to the N-terminus of PSD-95 mediates postsynaptic loss of PSD-95 and AMPARs during homeostatic scaling down. Our NMR structural analysis identified E17 within the PSD-95 N-terminus as important for binding to Ca2+/CaM by interacting with R126 on CaM. Mutating E17 to R prevented homeostatic scaling down in primary hippocampal neurons, which is rescued via charge inversion by ectopic expression of CaMR126E, as determined by analysis of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents. Accordingly, increased binding of Ca2+/CaM to PSD-95 induced by a chronic increase in Ca2+ influx is a critical molecular event in homeostatic downscaling of glutamatergic synaptic transmission.
A scheduling perspective on the monetary value of improving process control

Abstract The goal of quantifying the monetary value of process control has been a target of much research since the inception of the field, and methods have been developed for quantifying the value of control in the case of predominantly steady-state processes. However, there has been no attempt to quantify the monetary value of control for predominantly transient processes. In this work, we utilize the general framework of integrated scheduling and control to develop novel performance functions that enable the quantification of the monetary value of control from a scheduling perspective for a predominantly transient process. Specifically, we posit that the transition time between one product and the next in a production sequence can be used as a performance metric over which the value of control can be quantified. We demonstrate the utility of the developed performance functions using a case study of the scheduling of a multi-product CSTR.
Foreword: Gap Junctions and Emergent Organ Properties

Gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) is virtually universal between adjacent cells in multicellular organisms. GJIC involves gated intercellular channels that restrict cell–cell exchange of ions and small molecules, preserving the macromolecular identity of each cell. Other examples of direct intercellular exchange are the cytoplasmic continuity among plant cells, plasmodesmata, the retention of midbodies in developing spermatozoa as a result of incomplete cytokinesis, and the fusion of cells seen in skeletal muscle, syncytial trophoblast, fertilization, osteoclasts, and foreign-body giant cells. Since connexins are involved in direct cell–cell interaction, they may also have signaling functions beyond their channel-forming properties. For example, docking of hemichannels into an intercellular channel may result in transient interactions of intracellular proteins with the connexin cytoplasmic domains. This may result in signaling to the cytoskeleton or to the nucleus that another cell has been joined, thus participating in the phenomena of contact-inhibition of cell movement and growth. Cell–cell communication provided by gap junctions is very old in the evolutionary history of metazoans, and has provided speed, synchrony, switching, symbiosis, and stimulus/suppression to diverse functions of cell collectives. The discovery of the connexin gene family and subsequent mapping to the different cell types of different organs has opened experimental avenues into the elucidation of gap junction function in the physiology of the whole organism. Targeted and conditional gene ‘‘knockouts’’ and ‘‘knock-ins’’ have provided key information about the essential nature of connexin function in many organs. In the
Matrix metalloproteinase inhibition attenuates brain edema after surgical brain injury.

Background Neurosurgical operations can result in inevitable brain injury due to the procedure itself. This surgical brain injury (SBI) can cause post-operative complications such as brain edema following blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption leading to neurological deficits. Methods We tested whether inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 9 and 2 provided neuroprotection against SBI. A rodent SBI model, which involves a partial frontal lobe resection, was used to evaluate two treatment regimens of MMP inhibitor-1 (inhibitor of MMP-9 and MMP-2); a single dose (5 mg/kg, pretreatment) and daily dose treatment (5 mg/kg x 3, pre- and post-treatment). Postoperative assessment at different time periods included brain water content (brain edema), immunohistochemical analysis, zymography for MMP enzymatic activity, and neurological assessment. Findings The results indicate that SBI caused localized edema around the site of surgical resection with concomitant increase in MMP-9 and MMP-2 activity. Both treatment regimens with MMP inhibitor-1 decreased brain edema and attenuated the rise in MMP-9 and MMP-2 activity. An increased expression of MMP-9 was also seen in the neurons and neutrophils in the affected brain tissue at the periphery of surgical resection. Conclusions The study suggests a potential role for MMP inhibition as preoperative therapy before neurosurgical procedures.
Foundation-Soil-Foundation Dynamics Using a 3-D Frequency Domain BEM

The dynamic response of a series of surface foundations including through-the-soil interaction is studied. The subgrade medium is a linear elastic half-space modelled by a 3-D BEM while the foundations are interconnected by a super-structure for which a standard FEM discretization is used. The strong through-the-soil coupling of adjacent foundations and the effect of the overlaying structure become apparent on the basis of the obtained results.
When whiteness creeps back in: an analytic look at whiteness in urban education school reform

This paper presents an analysis of how education reform in Denver Public Schools (DPS) fails to reach its targeted goal of closing achievement gaps between white students and Students of Colour bas...
How Sustainable are Biomedical Ontologies

BioPortal is widely regarded to be the world’s most comprehensive repository of biomedical ontologies. With a coverage of many biomedical subfields by 716 ontologies (June 27, 2018), BioPortal is an extremely diverse repository. BioPortal maintains easily accessible information about the ontologies submitted by ontology curators. This includes size (concepts/classes, relationships/properties), number of projects, update history, and access history. Ontologies vary by size (from a few concepts to hundreds of thousands), by frequency of update/visit and by number of projects. Interestingly, some ontologies are rarely updated even though they contain thousands of concepts. In an informal email inquiry, we attempted to understand the reasons why ontologies that were built with a major investment of effort are apparently not sustained. Our analysis indicates that lack of funding, unavailability of human resources, and folding of ontologies into other ontologies are the most common among several other factors for discontinued maintenance of these ontologies.
Compassion cultivation training promotes medical student wellness and enhanced clinical care.

Compassionate health care is associated with positive patient outcomes. Educational interventions for medical students that develop compassion may also increase wellness, decrease burnout, and improve provider-patient relationships. Research on compassion training in medical education is needed to determine how students learn and apply these skills. The authors evaluated an elective course for medical students modeled after the Compassion Cultivation Training course developed by the Stanford Center for Compassion and Altruism Research and Education. The elective goals were to strengthen student compassion, kindness, and wellness through compassion training and mindfulness meditation training modeled by a faculty instructor. The research objectives were to understand students’ applications and perceptions of this training. Over three years, 45 students participated in the elective at the University of Louisville School of Medicine. The course administered a pre/post Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills that measured observing, describing, acting with awareness, and accepting without judgment. Qualitative analyses of self-reported experiences were used to assess students’ perceptions of compassion training and their application of skills learned through the elective. The mindfulness inventory showed significant improvements in observing (t = 3.62, p = 0.005) and accepting without judgment skills (t = 2.87, p = 0.017) for some elective cohorts. Qualitative data indicated that students across all cohorts found the elective rewarding, and they used mindfulness, meditation, and compassion skills broadly outside the course. Students described how the training helped them address major stressors associated with personal, academic, and clinical responsibilities. Students also reported that the skills strengthened interpersonal interactions, including with patients. These outcomes illuminate students’ attitudes toward compassion training and suggest that among receptive students, a brief, student-focused intervention can be enthusiastically received and positively influence students’ compassion toward oneself and others. To underscore the importance of interpersonal and cognitive skills such as compassion and mindfulness, faculty should consider purposefully modeling these skills to students. Modeling compassion cultivation and mindfulness skills in the context of patient interactions may address student empathy erosion more directly than stress management training alone. This pilot study shows compassion training could be an attractive, efficient option to address burnout by simultaneously promoting student wellness and enhanced patient interactions.
Recent progress of tunnel junction-based ultra-violet light emitting diodes

AlGaN-based UV LEDs are promising for a wide range of industrial, household and healthcare applications. However, widespread adoption of UV LEDs is limited by the poor device efficiency. This has been attributed to the strong internal light absorption and poor electrical injection efficiency associated with the conventional UV LED structures, which typically use an absorbing p-GaN layer for p-type contact. Recent development of ultra-wide bandgap AlGaN tunnel junctions enabled a novel UV LED design with the absence of the absorbing p-GaN contact layer. In this work, we review the recent progress of AlGaN tunnel junctions and the development of tunnel junction-based UV LEDs, and discuss the challenges and future perspectives for the realization of high power, high efficiency UV LEDs.
Transit time of mixed high pressure injection water and primary loop water in pressurized water reactor cold legs

During an overcooling transient in a pressurized water reactor, cold water from the high pressure injection (HPI) mixes with the hot primary coolant in the cold leg. The transit time is a gauge for the assessment of the time and the velocity of the mixed flow that passes through the cold leg to the downcomer. Existing data from mixing tests at the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)/CREARE and EPRI/SAI facilities are analyzed. By means of models for HPI jet entrainment as well as the propagation of a gravity current, dimensionless correlations have been developed for the transit time and cold water front velocity at stagnant loop flow conditions. Based on this transit time correlation for stagnant loop flow and the limiting condition for large loop flow, a general correlation has been developed to account for the loop flow effect on transit time. These correlations unify a wide range of data obtained from five geometrically different test sections with two fluids (pure water and saline solution). In addition to the geometric factors, the governing dimensionless parameters for the transit time are the HPI jet Froude number, the Froude number for the cold-leg channel, and the ratio of loop flow to HPImore » flow.« less
AKAP-associated sperm protein over-expression in ovarian cancer.

2027 Annually in the United States, ovarian carcinomas are diagnosed in approximately 22,000 women, causing 16,000 deaths. Most malignant ovarian tumors are epithelial ovarian cystadenocarcinomas. Women from northern and western Europe and North America are affected most frequently, whereas women from Asia, Africa, and Latin America are affected least frequently. AKAP-associated Sperm Protein (ASP), also known as Ropporin-1 like (ROPN1L), is a protein that interacts with the amphipathic helix region of A-kinase anchoring protein 3, 110 (AKAP3, 110); the AKAPs protein family binds to signal transduction molecules, and is responsible for signaling and trafficking within the cell. Even if ASP has yet not been deeply investigated, its role in sperm motility and cytoskeletal reorganization during spermiogenesis has been suggested. Since the expression of ASP has been shown to be restricted to the normal testis and no other normal tissues, we decided to further investigate its presence in ovarian malignancies. We evaluated ASP presence at the protein level in paraffin-embedded human ovarian cystadenocarcinomas, by immunohistochemistry. Thirty-three different cases of cystiadenocarcinoma were considered: after deparaffining, the slides underwent antigen retrieval in a thermostatic bath (Fisher Scientific) at 98oC for 30 minutes. After 15 minutes blocking in H2O2 3%, the primary antibody anti-ASP (Imgenex, San Diego, CA) was added for 1 hour, followed by 30 minutes exposure to the envision secondary antibody system (Dako, Carpinteria, CA, USA). The reaction result was highlighted through the DAB staining system (Dako). Eight of the 33 evaluated samples (24.2%) gave evidence of ASP expression. Between the eight positive samples, in six cases (75%) a strong staining was shown, while a weak level of expression was detected in the remaining two (25%). To our knowledge, this is the first report of an ASP investigation in cases of ovarian cystadencarcinomas. Further studies are needed to consider ASP as a novel Cancer Testis Antigen (CTA) in ovarian malignancies.
Updates in management of acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis.

Purpose of review Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFRS) is a rare and often fatal disease, that remains incompletely understood. Case series and literature reviews constitute most of the literature on AIFRS, and act as the standards by which we treat these extremely complex patients. This review discusses management of AIFRS, with focuses on optimal diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Recent findings Mortality rates remain high, around 50% overall, though some recent studies have shown higher survival rates with early diagnosis and complete surgical resection. Some recent publications on AIFRS have focused on the utility of frozen section analysis both to diagnose and potentially guide the completeness of endoscopic surgical debridement. It was also recently shown that complete endoscopic resection of disease leads to higher survival than when disease was incompletely resected. Additionally, a new antifungal agent was recently approved by the FDA, which has a more favorable pharmacologic and side effect profile, though more studies are necessary to determine its utility. Summary Early diagnosis requires identification of sinusitis symptoms in immunocompromised patients, followed by intranasal biopsy and frozen section analysis. Early surgical debridement and antifungal therapy then remain the cornerstones of AIFRS management. Video abstract See Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/COOH/A38.
Predicting Development of Bilateral Menière's Disease Based on cVEMP Threshold and Tuning.

Objective To investigate if the cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) is predictive for developing bilateral Meniere's disease (MD). Study design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary care center. Patients Records of 71 patients previously diagnosed with unilateral MD at our institution who underwent cVEMP testing between 2002 and 2011 were screened. Intervention Patients were contacted to answer a questionnaire to identify which patients had developed bilateral disease. Based on questionnaires and medical charts, 49 patients with a follow-up time of at least 5 years were included. The 49 originally asymptomatic ears are referred to as "study ears." Previously reported cVEMP criteria (original criteria) applied to study-ear cVEMPs separated them into Meniere-like and normal-like groups. Main outcome measure The main purpose was to determine if previously obtained cVEMP thresholds and tuning ratios of unilateral MD patients could predict who develops bilateral disease. Results From the 49 included patients, 12 developed bilateral disease (24.5%). The study ears characterized by original cVEMP criteria as Meniere-like were significantly more likely to develop bilateral disease compared with the normal-like study ears. The original criteria predicted development of bilateral disease with a positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 58.3% and 86.5% respectively. ROC curves were used to revise cVEMP criteria for predicting the progression to bilateral disease. A revised criterion combining three cVEMP metrics, reached a PPV and NPV of 85.7% and 93.7%. Conclusion cVEMP threshold and tuning in unilateral MD patients are predictive of which patients will develop bilateral disease.
PSYCHOSOCIAL PREDICTORS OF THE GENDER DIFFERENCE IN DEPRESSION OF OLDER ADULTS IN THE ORANJ BOWL PANEL

Recent reviews show that the gender difference in depressive symptoms that emerges in adolescence persists in older adults (Girgus, Yang & Ferri, 2017; Salk, Hyde & Abramson, 2017). However, researchers have yet to explain why this gender difference occurs in older adults and if it is for the same reasons as in younger ages. The present study used data collected from 3008 participants over the age of 60 (M=66.45, SD=4.36) from the baseline wave of the ORANJ BOWL, a longitudinal study based in New Jersey (Pruchno, Wilson-Genderson, Rose, & Cartwright, 2010). Depressive symptoms were measured with the CES-D. Six psychosocial predictors of the gender difference in depression were analyzed: functional ability, social support, perceived financial comfort, income level, marital status, and living alone. Women reported significantly more depressive symptoms compared to men (p<.001). Women had significantly lower functional ability, physical health, financial comfort, income level, but more social support than men (all p’s<.02). Women were more likely to live alone and to be separated, divorced, or widowed (all p’s<.001). Significant interactions for gender x functional ability, gender x social support, and gender x living alone were found in predicting depression using hierarchical linear regression. Living alone and poor function were more detrimental for men than women. Low social support was more detrimental for women than men. Understanding the gender difference in depressive symptoms will allow for targeted screening and preventative interventions for women and men at highest risk for depression.
How much do preventive health behaviors explain education- and income-related inequalities in health? Results of Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition analysis.

Abstract Purpose Five health practices are recognized to be essential for the prevention of chronic disease, viz. avoiding smoking, drinking in moderation, healthy diet, regular physical activity, and adequate sleep. However, how much of these behaviors contribute to socioeconomic disparities in health continues to be debated–some claim “hardly any,” while others say “nearly all.” Methods The data were from the NHANES 2015–16. Selected outcomes were self-rated health, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Socioeconomic status was measured by education and household income. We implemented Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition to examine the extent to which socioeconomic inequalities in health could be explained by socioeconomic differences in adherence to health practices. Results 55%–90% of education-based inequalities in hypertension (89%), cardiovascular diseases (56%), and diabetes (75%) could be explained by health practices–especially current smoking and overweight. By contrast, most income-related inequalities in health outcomes could not be explained by health practices. Conclusions How much heath practices can account for socioeconomic inequalities in health depends on the indicator of socioeconomic status. Educational disparities in health is explained by the higher prevalence of smoking and overweight in educationally disadvantaged groups. However, income-related gaps in health may require further consideration besides lifestyle modification.
Knee Scooter–Related Injuries: A Survey of Foot and Ankle Orthopedic Surgeons:

Background:Knee scooters (“scooters”) are a commonly used device to facilitate postoperative adherence to weightbearing restrictions. Although high rates of falls have been reported, little is know...
Foundations of neural networks

This chapter presents the artificial neural networks to emulate the processing capabilities of biological neural systems. The basic idea is to realize systems capable of performing complex processing tasks by interconnecting a high number of very simple processing elements that might even work in parallel. They solve cumbersome and intractable problems by learning directly from data. The main features of artificial neural networks are their massive parallel processing architectures and the capabilities of learning from the presented inputs. The chapter describes the mathematical background that is necessary to understand radial basis neural networks. It reviews the concept of interpolation and shows how the interpolation problem is implemented by a radial basis neural network. Since there are an infinite number of solutions for a given approximation problem, some restrictions on the solutions need to be imposed to choose one particular solution. This leads to a regularization approach to the approximation problem and can be easily implemented by the radial basis neural network. The chapter also presents a different method by looking into the design of a neural network as an approximation problem in a high-dimensional space because data processing in a radial basis function neural network is quite different from standard supervised or unsupervised learning techniques.
Catatonia in a hospitalized patient with COVID-19 and proposed immune-mediated mechanism.

Catatonia is a psychomotor syndrome marked by a distinct constellation of motor and behavioral disturbances. Approximately 25% of cases are precipitated by acute medical illness, such as toxic, metabolic, neurologic, and other organic disturbances (Caroff et al., 2004). Prior cases of catatonia secondary to infectious and autoimmune processes have elicited growing interest in the role of inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of the disorder (Rogers et al., 2019). Here we present a report of catatonia in a hospitalized patient with COVID-19 focusing on the development of catatonic symptoms with peaking proinflammatory mediators.
Electronic correlations in the semiconducting half-Heusler compound FeVSb

Electronic correlations are crucial to the low-energy physics of metallic systems with localized $d$ and $f$ states; however, their effect on band insulators and semiconductors is typically negligible. Here, we measure the electronic structure of the half-Heusler compound FeVSb, a band insulator with a filled shell configuration of 18 valence electrons per formula unit (${s}^{2}{p}^{6}{d}^{10}$). Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy reveals a mass renormalization of ${m}^{*}/{m}_{\text{bare}}=1.4$, where ${m}^{*}$ is the measured effective mass and ${m}_{\text{bare}}$ is the mass from density functional theory calculations with no added on-site Coulomb repulsion. Our measurements are in quantitative agreement with dynamical mean-field theory calculations, highlighting the many-body origin of the mass renormalization. This mass renormalization lies in dramatic contrast to other filled shell intermetallics, including the thermoelectric materials CoTiSb and NiTiSn, and has a similar origin to that in FeSi, where Hund's coupling induced fluctuations across the gap can explain a dynamical self-energy and correlations. Our work calls for a rethinking of the role of correlations and Hund's coupling in intermetallic band insulators.
A Survey of Operative Techniques Used by Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgeons Performing Minimally Invasive Sacral Colpopexy.

Objective Assess variability of surgical technique for minimally invasive sacral colpopexy (MISC) among Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery (FPMRS). Methods A voluntary anonymous questionnaire was given to the 2018 American Urogynecologic Society (AUGS) annual meeting attendees. Comparisons were made by age, gender, experience (years), practice setting, and U.S. region. Results There were 59 responses from 671 physician conference attendees. Most were male (64.4%), U.S. physicians (94.6%), completed Obstetrics and Gynecology residencies (91.5%), practicing in University settings (66.1%). The mean age was 47.4±8.6 years, practicing>15 years (47.5%). Predominant routes were 53.8% robotic, 42.2% laparoscopic, and 4.0% open. Surgeons used 3-4 ports (both 50.0%), with 0-degree (46.0%) or 0 and 30 degree laparoscopes (36%). For sacral mesh attachment, 83.1% used suture as opposed to tacking devices, most often Gortex (56.3%). Anterior (48.1%) and posterior (50.0%) vaginal attachment used 5-6 sutures. Concomitant procedures included anterior repair (83.4% "not usually"/"not at all"), posterior repair/perineorrhaphy (77.8% "yes, often"/"yes, sometimes"), midurethral sling (42.6% "yes, often"/51.9% "yes, sometimes"), and hysteropexy (86.5% "not usually"/"not at all"). Post void residual (PVR) was assessed after surgery by 89.8%, 75.5% via retrograde fill voiding trial. Most patients were discharged post-operative day 1 (POD1) (47.6% AM, 29.1% PM) or day of surgery (15.2%). Females more commonly performed hysteropexy (p=0.028) with no other significant differences by age, gender, experience, practice setting or region. Conclusion Most FPMRS surgeons perform MISC, equally robotic and laparoscopic. Concomitant posterior wall procedures and midurethral slings are common. Other than more hysteropexies performed by females, no other variables predicted technique variations, suggesting technique homogeneity.
Assessing land use change impact on stream discharge and stream water quality in an agricultural watershed

Abstract Land use and land cover (LULC) change impacts on hydrology and water quality are of critical importance in regions where water quality is degraded. One such location is the Mississippi Delta in the United States, where widespread agriculture across the landscape is a major contributing source to sediment- and nutrient-heavy runoff. To address how the landscape has changed in the recent past and consider how it may continue to change in the future, we analyzed the temporal and spatial variability of the LULC changes (e.g. forest, cropland, corn and soybean) in the Big Sunflower River Watershed. We applied these LULC changes in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to demonstrate the impacts on stream discharge, total suspended sediments (TSS) concentrations, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) yields. Model performance was considered satisfactory to good (R2 = 0.46–0.88, NSE = 0.34–0.64) for all simulated water quantity and water quality parameters. TSS concentrations increased 1.9%, while TN and TP yields increased by 12.7%, and 10.2%, respectively as the area of the cropland increased. Stream discharge was unchanged. Moreover, TN yield increased as the percentage of land occupied by cornfields increased while TP yield increased as the percentage of land occupied by soybean increased, due to differences in crop management practices such as fertilization and tillage.
Ad‐Hoc Networks in the Sky

Ad‐hoc networks provide a means for extending the range of wireless communications for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This chapter presents the fundamental concepts, challenges, and solutions to creating ad‐hoc networks with UAVs as nodes. It discusses the mobility models, applicable standards, and products that are available today for creating mesh networking of UAVs. Traditionally, communication support for UAVs comes from satellites operating at the geostationary orbit level. However, two additional communication strategies are also being investigated for UAVs: 4G/5G cellular communications operating on the ground and aerial networks and communications operating in the mid‐air. Mobility poses a huge challenge for aircraft‐to‐aircraft communications. Several technologies that can support ad‐hoc mesh networking have been evolved in recent years. Some of these products have been field‐tested for their applicability for UAV communications. The chapter provides a summary of commercial off‐the‐shelf products that can support ad‐hoc networking of UAVs.
Effects of freezing and short-term fixation on muscle mass, volume, and density.

Preventing postmortem deterioration of soft-tissues is an important requisite of anatomical research. In order to provide corrections for potential myological distortions, this study quantifies the acute effects of freezing, formalin fixation and ethanol storage using muscles from (n = 46) rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Bilateral dissections of specific muscles were performed and each side was assigned to a different preparation group (fresh, formalin fixation only, fixation followed by short duration ethanol storage, and freezing once or twice). We demonstrate that short-term freezing at -20C and thawing have no significant effect on muscle mass, volume, and density while short-term formalin fixation and ethanol storage significantly reduces mass and volume (density remains relatively constant.) Although freezing may have less of an effect on the gross morphometric characteristics of the musculature than ethanol storage, slow freezing damages muscle microanatomy, and therefore, faster freezing and other modes of preservation such as formalin fixation and ethanol storage may be preferable. Based on our results, we derived the following correction factors for each preparation: the mass of specimens stored in 70% ethanol should be multiplied by 1.69 to approximate fresh muscle mass, and specimens fixed in 10% formalin multiplied by 1.32. Although not significant, specimens frozen-once were slightly less massive and could be multiplied by 1.03 (frozen-twice ×1.09). The volumetric corrections are: ethanol 1.64; 10% formalin 1.32; frozen-once 1.03; frozen-twice 1.10. While the density of ethanol preserved specimens is slightly less than that of fresh ones (correction: 1.03), those preserved in formalin and frozen maintain nearly the same density.
Magnetoentropic mapping and computational modeling of cycloids and skyrmions in the lacunar spinels GaV 4 S 8 and GaV 4 Se 8

We report the feasibility of using magnetoentropic mapping for the rapid identification of magnetic cycloid and skyrmion phases in uniaxial systems, based on the ${\mathrm{GaV}}_{4}{\mathrm{S}}_{8}$ and ${\mathrm{GaV}}_{4}{\mathrm{Se}}_{8}$ model skyrmion hosts with easy-axis and easy-plane anisotropies, respectively. We show that these measurements can be interpreted with the help of a simple numerical model for the spin Hamiltonian to yield unambiguous assignments for both single-phase regions and phase boundaries. In the two lacunar spinel chemistries, we obtain excellent agreement between the measured magnetoentropic features and a minimal spin Hamiltonian built on Heisenberg exchange, single-ion anisotropy, and anisotropic Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions. In particular, we identify characteristic high-entropy behavior in the cycloid phase that serves as a precursor to the formation of skyrmions at elevated temperatures and is a readily measurable signature of this phase transition. Our results demonstrate that rapid magnetoentropic mapping guided by numerical modeling is an effective means of understanding the complex magnetic phase diagrams innate to skyrmion hosts. One notable exception is the observation of an anomalous, low-temperature high-entropy state in the easy-plane system ${\mathrm{GaV}}_{4}{\mathrm{Se}}_{8}$, which is not captured in the numerical model. Possible origins of this state are discussed.