cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Groundwater-dependent ecosystems in Oregon: an assessment of their distribution and associated threats

Effective protection and management of groundwater-dependent ecosystems (GDEs) are hindered by inadequate information on their locations and the condition of associated groundwater supplies. We addressed this knowledge gap by developing a methodology that uses existing datasets to locate GDEs (including groundwater-dependent springs, lakes, rivers, wetlands, and species) and assess threats to groundwater quantity and quality. Here we report on the application of this method across the US state of Oregon. Nearly 40% of watersheds in Oregon contain two or more types of GDEs – termed “GDE clusters” – indicating the widespread importance of groundwater to ecosystems. Documented problems may underestimate the threat to ecosystems from altered groundwater supply or quality. Although documented occurrences of water-table declines are limited, high densities of permitted wells (for irrigation or other commercial purposes) pose a threat to groundwater availability in 18% of GDE clusters. Furthermore, although only...
Comparative Precambrian Stratigraphy Along Mid-Continent Rift Trend: ABSTRACT

In 1983, leasing agents representing several major exploration corporations appeared in the Lake Superior district of northern Wisconsin, an area best known for its exposures of Duluth gabbro and Mellen "black granite," and not for its hydrocarbon potential. The geologic column of interest is the 7,620 + m (25,000 + ft) thick clastic sequence termed the Keweenawan Supergroup (Precambrian), a basal shale that has been Rb-Sr-age dated at 1,075 ± 50 billion years. Within the past decade, this sequence has been recognized as having been deposited in response to tensional processes resulting in the development of a rift system. This Mid-Continent rift is best outlined by gravity and can be traced from the Keweenawan Peninsula of Michigan across northern Wisconsin, Minneso a, Iowa, and Nebraska into northeastern Kansas, a distance of 1,290 km (800 mi). An organic-rich shale source unit is known in the Lake Superior area, where it creates intermittent subsurface oil seeps in the White Pine copper mine of Michigan. To the southwest along the trend of the rift, the extent of Keweenawan-equivalent sediments are masked by Paleozoic and younger sediments, increasing from a feather edge in central Minnesota to a reported 1,524 m (5,000 ft) in southwestern Iowa. In the mid-1960s, a natural-gas-storage drilling program centered on Dakota County, Minnesota, cored extensive thicknesses of Precambrian clastics, subsequently named the Solor Church Formation. This subsurface unit, together with surface exposures of the younger Hinckley Sandstone and Fond du Lac Formation, constitutes the Keweenawan section of Minnesota. Less is known of the Kewee awan-equivalent lithology of Iowa, where the Minnesota terminology is being used in geophysical studies of the Mid-Continent gravity high. Here, a late Precambrian "red clastic" sequence is known, apparently similar to that termed the Rice Formation in Kansas--a carbonate subordinate sequence of sandy shales and feldspathic sandstones. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1317------------
Managing thermal injuries within WOCN practice.

Abstract WOC nurses may be asked to manage small burn wounds or to follow up with patients who have residual wound care issues after recovering from a major burn injury. Aspects of care include identifying patients who warrant a higher level of burn care expertise, managing small wounds, recognizing the common complications of burns, and determining the needs of patients undergoing burn rehabilitation. Persons managing burn wounds will incorporate a variety of techniques to facilitate wound cleansing and dressing, pain management, psychological support, and minimization of complications. In addition, depending on the setting, extent, and nature of the wounds, the patient's abilities and rehabilitation requirements will need to be determined. The patient and his or her family need to be educated about the normal changes that follow a burn injury and how to manage these issues. (J WOCN 2002;29:76-82.)
Blister Formation on Graphite/Polymer Composites Galvanically Coupled with Steel in Seawater

A graphite/polymer composite material was directly coupled with mild steel and im mersed in natural seawater for intervals up to three months. After three weeks, blister for mation was evident in t...
Regular Article: A Fast Spectral Algorithm for Nonlinear Wave Equations with Linear Dispersion

Spectral algorithms offer very high spatial resolution for a wide range of nonlinear wave equations on periodic domains, including well-known cases such as the Korteweg-de Vries and nonlinear Schrodinger equations. For the best computational efficiency, one needs also to use high-order methods in time while somehow bypassing the usual severe stability restrictions. We use linearly implicit multistep methods, with the innovation of choosing different methods for different ranges in Fourier space-high accuracy at low wavenumbers and A-stability at high wavenumbers. This new approach compares favorably to alternatives such as split-step and integrating factor (or linearly exact) methods.
Causal inferences with group based trajectory models

A central theme of research on human development and psychopathology is whether a therapeutic intervention or a turning-point event, such as a family break-up, alters the trajectory of the behavior under study. This paper lays out and applies a method for using observational longitudinal data to make more confident causal inferences about the impact of such events on developmental trajectories. The method draws upon two distinct lines of research: work on the use of finite mixture modeling to analyze developmental trajectories and work on propensity scores. The essence of the method is to use the posterior probabilities of trajectory group membership from a finite mixture modeling framework, to create balance on lagged outcomes and other covariates established prior to t for the purpose of inferring the impact of first-time treatment at t on the outcome of interest. The approach is demonstrated with an analysis of the impact of gang membership on violent delinquency based on data from a large longitudinal study conducted in Montreal.
Controls on marine carbonate cement mineralogy: review and reassessment

Abstract Commonly cited models for controls on variations in carbonate mineralogy are only partly successful in accounting for natural mineralogical trends. This limited success may result in part from a failure to recognize or address the ramifications of assumptions inherent to such models. In general, changes from calcite to aragonite or vice versa, and variations in MgCO3 incorporation in calcite are interpreted as resulting from: (1) kinetic rather than thermodynamic effects, (2) the effects of fluid chemistry rather than hydrologic, biological or substrate effects, (3) the effects of single parameters of fluid chemistry rather than the interactive or aggregate effects of several components, and/or (4) inorganic rather than organic parameters of fluid chemistry. Recent laboratory data suggest the necessity of a new approach to modeling controls on mineralogy. These data indicate that no single fluid parameter is likely to be a sole or dominant control on carbonate mineralogy in natural environments. In some cases, thermodynamic stability differences may be as important as kinetic factors in determining mineralogy. Furthermore, the effects of substrate, hydrologic and biological factors, and of organic compounds cannot be ruled out for most natural situations although, at present, reliable data are lacking to quantify the influence of these factors on mineralogy. Future models of controls on carbonate mineralogy need to consider the aggregate and interdependent effects of all of these factors.
Design and Testing of an Automated Multi-Cell Nanoinjection System

An automated nanoinjection system has been developed and tested for the delivery of propidium iodide into culture cells. Nanoinjection is the process by which molecules are delivered into living cells using a solid needle. Propidium iodide, a dye that fluoresces when bound to nucleic acids, was used as the injection molecule to monitor nanoinjection efficiency. The nanoinjection system uses a programmable microcontroller to manipulate a linear actuator, which presses a silicon lance array into thousands of living culture cells simultaneously. The lances penetrate cell membranes, allowing dye molecules to enter the cell through membrane pores opened by lances. The system was developed to apply the same injection force to each cell sample at the press of a button, eliminating any experimental variability in data due to the operator. Tests were performed at a dye concentration of 0.04 mg/mL for all experiments. Several forces were tested to determine the optimal nanoinjection force needed for maximum dye delivery. We found the optimal force range to be 8.8–14.7 N. The average PI uptake into cells at a force of 8.8 N and 14.7 N is 57.6±7.7% and 60.3±6.6%, respectively. Previous studies with a manual injection force have shown average propidium iodide uptake to be 60.4±18.0%. High cell viability is maintained with the automated nanoinjection system. At all forces applied in this experiment, an average of 78% or greater viability was observed. With the data gathered in this experiment, we conclude that the automated nanoinjection system eliminates much of the uptake efficiency variability inherent to nanoinjections performed with a manual injection force.© 2014 ASME
Pediatric Giant Cell Myocarditis and Orbital Myositis

Giant cell myocarditis is a rare but often fatal form of myocarditis that often requires cardiac transplantation and has been associated with autoimmune diseases. We describe a 14-year-old female who developed painful proptosis and was diagnosed clinically and histologically with orbital myositis that improved with corticosteroid therapy. Approximately 2 months later, she developed abdominal pain, vomiting, weight gain, and fatigue. She was diagnosed with congestive heart failure and cardiomyopathy, and endomyocardial biopsy revealed giant cell myocarditis. She was treated with immunosuppressive agents and has responded well, without the need for cardiac transplantation. Three previous case reports have described an association between giant cell myocarditis and orbital myositis, but we present the first pediatric case report. We conclude that if orbital myositis is diagnosed in a patient, regardless of age, cardiac function should be closely monitored to detect myocarditis, which may affect the overall outcome.
Shifting practices and emerging patterns: Telephone service encounters in Shanghai

This study explores the dynamic nature of language in context, utilizing two sets of comparable Chinese discourse data of telephone service encounters collected in the same community a decade apart. It describes and characterizes current business practices and identifies shifts in discursive practices in light of the patterns observed in the past. Observed changes include constitutive components of the global structure, local realization of the structural elements, and interaction dynamics as a result of changed, redefined contexts and realigned footings. I propose that observed shifts may represent and constitute in part the emergence in the community of the reconstruction, or reshaping, of a more distinctive telephone service encounter (TSE) spoken genre and related discursive features. With the adoption of more recognizable boundary markers, shifts in discursive practice of telephone service encounters in Shanghai may result in openings with distinguishable features from calls made to residences. (Discourse analysis, service encounter, practice, telephone in business, China, spoken genre)*
Monitoring of ovulation in the assessment of reproductive hazards in the workplace.

Abstract If women are exposed to reproductive hazards in the workplace, some disturbances of ovulation are expected. Assessment of ovulation requires monitoring to distinguish normal and abnormal ovarian cycles. Menstrual interval and basal body temperature charts are inadequate for identifying many abnormal cycles. A late-luteal endometrial biopsy or a single mid-luteal morning progesterone level each appears to be only 80% accurate in distinguishing normal and abnormal cycles. The complete “cycle profile” of daily ovarian ultrasonic scans and daily serum levels of reproductive hormones appears to be a definitive approach to characterizing ovarian cycles, but this demanding regimen would not be applicable to monitoring large populations in the workplace. An ovarian cycle monitoring protocol consisting of daily measurement of salivary or vaginal electrical resistance, mid-cycle urine testing for the luteinizing hormone surge, and daily luteal phase salivary progesterone levels would provide a practical comprehensive corroborative assessment of ovarian cycles in such populations of women. This monitoring of ovarian cycles would aid in the early detection of reproductive hazards and medical conditions that might present as an ovulatory disturbance.
Treg functional stability and its responsiveness to the microenvironment

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) prevent autoimmunity and tissue damage resulting from excessive or unnecessary immune activation through their suppressive function. While their importance for proper immune control is undeniable, the stability of the Treg lineage has recently become a controversial topic. Many reports have shown dramatic loss of the signature Treg transcription factor Forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3) and Treg function under various inflammatory conditions. Other recent studies demonstrate that most Tregs are extremely resilient in their expression of Foxp3 and the retention of suppressive function. While this debate is unlikely to be settled in the immediate future, improved understanding of the considerable heterogeneity within the Foxp3(+) Treg population and how Treg subsets respond to ranging environmental cues may be keys to reconciliation. In this review, we discuss the diverse mechanisms responsible for the observed stability or instability of Foxp3(+) Treg identity and function. These include transcriptional and epigenetic programs, transcript targeting, and posttranslational modifications that appear responsive to numerous elements of the microenvironment. These mechanisms for Treg functional modulation add to the discussion of Treg stability.
Quantifying river form variations in the Mississippi Basin using remotely sensed imagery

Abstract. Geographic variations in river form are often estimated using the framework of downstream hydraulic geometry (DHG), which links spatial changes in discharge to channel width, depth, and velocity through power-law models. These empirical relationships are developed from limited in situ data and do not capture the full variability in channel form. Here, we present a data set of 1.2 ×106 river widths in the Mississippi Basin measured from the Landsat-derived National Land Cover Dataset that characterizes width variability observationally. We construct DHG for the Mississippi drainage by linking digital elevation model (DEM)-estimated discharge values to each width measurement. Well-developed DHG exists over the entire Mississippi Basin, though individual sub-basins vary substantially from existing width–discharge scaling. Comparison of depth predictions from traditional depth–discharge relationships with a new model incorporating width into the DHG framework shows that including width improves depth estimates by, on average, 24%. Results suggest that channel geometry derived from remotely sensed imagery better characterizes variability in river form than do estimates based on DHG.
Compound capillary rise

Irregular conduits, complex surfaces, and porous media often manifest more than one geometric wetting condition for spontaneous capillary flows. As a result, different regions of the flow exhibit different rates of flow, all the while sharing common dynamical capillary pressure boundary conditions. The classic problem of sudden capillary rise in tubes with interior corners is revisited from this perspective and solved numerically in the self-similar visco-capillary limit a la Lucas–Washburn. Useful closed-form analytical solutions are obtained in asymptotic limits appropriate for many practical flows in conduits containing one or more interior corner. The critically wetted corners imbibe fluid away from the bulk capillary rise, shortening the viscous column length and slightly increasing the overall flow rate. The extent of the corner flow is small for many closed conduits, but becomes significant for flows along open channels and the method is extended to approximate hemiwicking flows across triangular grooved surfaces. It is shown that an accurate application of the method depends on an accurate a priori assessment of the competing viscous cross-section length scales, and the expedient Laplacian scaling method is applied herein toward this effect.
The small dispersion limit of the korteweg‐de vries equation. ii

In Part I the scattering transform method is used to study the weak limit of solutions to the initial value problem for the Korteweg-deVries (KdV) equation as the dispersion tends to zero. In that limit the associated Schrodinger operator becomes semiclassical, so the exact scattering data is replaced by its corresponding WKB expressions. Only nonpositive initial data are considered; in that case the limiting reflection coefficient vanishes. The explicit solution of Kay and Moses for the reflectionless inverse transform is then analyzed, and the weak limit, valid for all time, is characterized by a quadratic minimum problem with constraints. This minimum problem is reduced to a Riemann-Hilbert problem in function theory. In Parts II and III we use function theoretical methods to solve the Riemann-Hilbert problem in terms of solutions to an auxiliary initial value problem. The weak limit satisfies the KdV equation with the dispersive term dropped until its derivatives become infinite. Up to that time the weak limit is a strong L2-limit. At later times the weak limit is locally described by Whitham's averaged equations or, more generally, by the equations found by Flaschka et al. using multiphase averaging. For large times, behavior of the weak limit is studied directly from the minimum problem.
Constrictive pericarditis due to Coccidiomycosis

Coccidiomycosis is a fungal infection that rarely causes cardiac disease. Constrictive pericarditis in the setting of disseminated coccidiomycosis can be fatal, despite antifungal therapy and pericardiectomy. We report on a patient with constrictive pericarditis due to localized infection by Coccidioides immitis. The patient underwent successful surgical pericardiectomy and antifungal chemotherapy, and remains well 1 year later.
Proximity and Information Technology Outsourcing: How Local Are IT Services Markets?

We examine the question of which services are tradable within a concrete setting: the outsourcing of information technology (IT) services across a broad cross-section of establishments in the United States. If markets for IT services are local, then we should expect increases in local supply would increase the likelihood of outsourcing by lowering the cost of outsourcing. If markets are not local, then local supply will not affect outsourcing demand. We analyze the outsourcing decisions of a large sample of 99,775 establishments in 2002 and 2004, for two types of IT services-programming and design and hosting. Programming and design projects require communication of detailed user requirements whereas hosting requires less coordination between client and service provider than programming and design. Our empirical results bear out this intuition: the probability of outsourcing programming and design is increasing in the local supply of outsourcing, and this sensitivity to local supply conditions has been increasing over time. This suggests there is some nontradable or "local" component to programming and design services that cannot be easily removed. In contrast, the decision to outsource hosting is sensitive to local supply only for firms for which network uptime and security concerns are particularly acute.
Prototype fiber optic imaging system for aerospace applications

Cameras provide excellent in situ coverage of many events of interest in current state-of-the-art aerospace systems. From departing earth footage to booster separation events, cameras provide the eyes in the skies for real-time situational awareness on the ground. One of the principal challenges of using cameras on high-speed aerospace vehicles is designing the necessary environmental protection systems to isolate the cameras from the harsh aerothermal environment. An established approach uses an external fairing or aeropod to provide the requisite isolation. The camera is located within the aeropod, and the image data are sent electrically from the aeropod to the telemetry system. While this approach has been successfully demonstrated on numerous platforms, there are advantages to moving the camera into the interior of the vehicle and reducing the size of the imaging hardware within the aeropod. If the size of the pod hardware can be reduced, multiple imaging sensors can be fit within the same aeropod. Alternatively, a smaller sensor can allow for a reduced aeropod size with commensurate reduced drag and aerothermal heating. A prototype fiber optic imaging system was developed for aerospace applications by combining a modified medical endoscope with a ruggedized camera. With this new configuration, a significantly smaller aeropod can be used to protect only the distal tip of the endoscope in lieu of the entire camera assembly. The data are acquired through a small lens at the distal tip and transmitted optically through a coherent imaging fiber bundle to a camera located within the vehicle. Data from the prototype fiber optic imaging system are compared with data acquired by a standard ruggedized camera. Results of these tests are reported in this paper.
Mineralization of Annexin-5-containing Lipid-Calcium-Phosphate Complexes: MODULATION BY VARYING LIPID COMPOSITION AND INCUBATION WITH CARTILAGE COLLAGENS*

Matrix vesicles (MVs) in the growth plate bind to cartilage collagens and initiate mineralization of the extracellular matrix. Native MVs have been shown to contain a nucleational core responsible for mineral formation that is comprised of Mg2+-containing amorphous calcium phosphate and lipid-calcium-phosphate complexes (CPLXs) and the lipid-dependent Ca2+-binding proteins, especially annexin-5 (Anx-5), which greatly enhances mineral formation. Incorporation of non-Ca2+-binding MV lipids impedes mineral formation by phosphatidylserine (PS)-CPLX. In this study, nucleators based on amorphous calcium phosphate (with or without Anx-5) were prepared with PS alone, PS + phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), or PS + PE and other MV lipids. These were incubated in synthetic cartilage lymph containing no collagen or containing type II or type X collagen. Dilution of PS with PE and other MV lipids progressively retarded nucleation. Incorporation of Anx-5 restored nucleational activity to the PS:PE CPLX; thus PS and Anx-5 proved to be critical for nucleation of mineral. Without Anx-5, induction of mineral formation was slow unless high levels of Ca2+ were used. The presence of type II collagen in synthetic cartilage lymph improved both the rate and amount of mineral formation but did not enhance nucleation. This stimulatory effect required the presence of the nonhelical telopeptides. Although type X collagen slowed induction, it also increased the rate and amount of mineral formation. Both type II and X collagens markedly increased mineral formation by the MV-like CPLX, requiring Anx-5 to do so. Thus, Anx-5 enhances nucleation by the CPLXs and couples this to propagation of mineral formation by the cartilage collagens.
Pre-and neonatal exposure to a high salt diet and the susceptibility to hypertension in the Dahl rat

The effects of a low or high salt diet (0.4% or 8.0% NaCI w/w) on pregnant or lactating inbred Dahl hypertension-sensitive (S/JR) and hypertension-resistant (R/JR) rats were examined. Offspring from these groups were weaned to a high or low salt diet and their susceptibility to salt-induced hypertension (HT) was investigated. Pregnancy attenuated the development of salt-induced HT in S/JR dams and reduced blood pressure (BP) in R/JR dams. In the S/JR strain, HT during pregnancy had little effect on infant mortality but did suppress the growth rate. Pre-weaning RP was greater in the S/JR offspring of dams maintained on a high salt diet during pregnancy. At maturity, rats in this group displayed a significantly greater degree of cardiac hypertrophy than rats prenatally exposed to a low salt diet. S/JR pups of dams maintained on a high salt diet while nursing also displayed a greater than normal increase in BP during the pre-weaning period, Prenatal exposure of the S/JR strain to a high salt diet also facili...
Siloxanes with 1-oxypyridin-3-yl groups. Part 6. synthesis of copolymers and application as transacylation catalysts

Linear end-blocked and crosslinked siloxane copolymers containing dimethylsiloxyl and methyl(1-oxypyridin-3-yl)siloxyl groups were prepared and characterized thermally (TGA) and spectroscopically. These hydrophobic copolymers were found to be highly effective transacylation catalysts in the synthesis of carboxylic anhydrides and the hydrolysis of diphenyl phosphoro-chloridate (DPPC) under phase-transfer catalysis (PTC) conditions, i.e. CH2Cl2-H2O suspension. The insolubility of the copolymers in water and the preference of the intermediate, polymeric 1-acyloxypyridinium ion for the more lipophilic carboxylate ion in anhydride formation suggest that the reaction occurs at the CH2Cl2-H2O interphase. The rapid rate of hydrolysis of DPPC under PTC conditions and in water provides evidence for initial hydrophobic binding or association of the hydrophobic catalyst prior to reaction with a water-insoluble substrate.
Product Platform Development: Considering Product Maturity and Morphology

In this paper we continue our development of a structured methodology for product platform development suited to the early design stages. In addition to the previous focus on differences between new and mature products, we now consider how platform development is influenced by the morphology of a product. Purely physical products (e.g., a vacuum cleaner) often pose fewer challenges when undergoing platform design. However, products such as software, service offerings, or process-oriented solutions require adapting previous platform methods in order to accommodate the “amorphous” nature of the system. This paper includes a review of the recent literature in this area, and presents the authors latest platform methodology from the perspective of product morphology and maturity. Illustrative examples are used throughout.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Tiny Publics: Small Groups and Civil Society*

It has been conventional to conceptualize civic life through one of two core images: the citizen as lone individualist or the citizen as joiner. Drawing on analyses of the historical development of the public sphere, we propose an alternative analytical framework for civic engagement based on small-group interaction. By embracing this micro-level approach, we contribute to the debate on civil society in three ways. By emphasizing local interaction contexts-the microfoundations of civil society-we treat small groups as a cause, context, and consequence of civic engagement. First, through framing and motivating, groups encourage individuals to participate in public discourse and civic projects. Second, they provide the place and support for that involvement. Third, civic engagement feeds back into the creation of additional groups. A small-groups perspective suggests how civil society can thrive even ifformal and institutional associations decline. Instead of indicating a decline in civil society, a proliferation of small groups represents a healthy development in democratic societies, creating cross-cutting networks of affiliation. If some obstacle blocks the public road halting the circulation of traffic, the neighbors at once form a deliberative body; this improvised assembly produces an executive authority which remedies the trouble before anyone has thought of the possibility of some previously constituted authority beyond that of those concerned.
Correlation of duplex ultrasound scanning-derived valve closure time and clinical classification in patients with small saphenous vein reflux: Is lesser saphenous vein truly lesser?

Abstract Objective We recently identified small saphenous vein (SSV) reflux as a significant risk factor for ulcer recurrence in patients with severe chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) undergoing perforator vein ligation. In this study we examined the role of SSV reflux in patients across the spectrum of CVI. Methods From March 15, 1997, to December 24, 2002, clinical and duplex ultrasound (US) scanning data from all valve closure time studies performed in our vascular laboratory were prospectively recorded. Valve closure time in the deep and superficial leg veins was assessed with the rapid cuff deflation technique; reflux time greater than 0.5 seconds was considered abnormal. SSV reflux was correlated with the CEAP classification system and eventual surgical procedure. Data were analyzed with Pearson χ 2 analysis. Results We analyzed 722 limbs in 422 patients, 265 (63%) female patients and 157 (37%) male patients, with a mean age of 48 ± 12.8 years (range, 16-85 years). In the entire cohort the cause was congenital (Ec) in 5 patients, primary (Ep) in 606 patients, and secondary (Es) in 112 patients. SSV reflux was present in 206 limbs (28.5%) evaluated. Among limbs with SSV reflux, Ec=4 (2%), Ep=162 (79%), and Es=40 (19%). SSV reflux did not correlate with gender, side, or age. The prevalence of SSV reflux increases with increasing severity of clinical class: C1-C3, 25.8% versus C4-C6, 36.1% ( P = .006). SSV reflux is highly associated with deep venous reflux, 35.2% of femoral vein reflux ( P = .015), 35.8% of femoral vein plus popliteal vein reflux ( P = .001), and 40.5% of isolated popliteal vein reflux ( P Conclusion SSV reflux is most common in patients demonstrating severe sequelae of CVI, such as lipodermatosclerosis or ulceration. The increasing prevalence of SSV reflux in more severe clinical classes and the strong association of SSV reflux and deep venous reflux suggest that SSV may have a significant role in CVI. Our data further show that, in our institution, a GSV with reflux is more than twice as likely to be surgically corrected as an SSV with reflux. It is time for the SSV to assume greater importance in the treatment of lower extremity venous disease. Future improvements in surgical techniques for access and visualization of the SSV may facilitate this method.
Disseminated histoplasmosis originating from intestinal lesions

Histoplasmosis is primarily a respiratory disease in man. A case is presented with autopsy findings to suggest that the portal of entry was the gastrointestinal tract from where it became disseminated. A discussion of the gastrointestinal manifestations in the disseminated form is included.
Control of renal function by intrarenal angiotensin II.

The purpose of this study was to determine if endogenous angiotensin II affects renal function in conscious dogs after sodium restriction. Intrarenal infusion of the angiotensin receptor antagonist saralasin at doses between 0.13 and 2.5 μg/kg·min rapidly attenuated pressor responses produced by systemic injections of angiotensin I over a 90-min period. In contrast, intrarenal infusion of the peptide antagonist at 0.07 μg/ kg·min did not alter the pressor response to injected angiotensin I. Infusion of angiotensin II into the kidney at 0.1 μg/min reduced urine output by 50% and was totally inhibited by simultaneous infusion of 0.07 μg/kg·min saralasin. Intrarenal infusion of saralasin at 0.07 μg/kg·min into sodium-restricted conscious dogs increased effective renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate, and sodium, potassium and water excretion, whereas urine osmolarity and free water formation were unchanged. These data demonstrate that saralasin can be effectively confined to the renal mass after intr...
Transcriptional regulation of the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ygiW-qseBC operon by QseB and integration host factor proteins.

The QseBC two-component system plays a pivotal role in regulating virulence and biofilm growth of the oral pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. We previously showed that QseBC autoregulates the ygiW–qseBC operon. In this study, we characterized the promoter that drives ygiW–qseBC expression. Using lacZ transcriptional fusion constructs and 5′-rapid amplification of cDNA ends, we showed that ygiW–qseBC expression is driven by a promoter that initiates transcription 53 bases upstream of ygiW and identified putative cis-acting promoter elements, whose function was confirmed using site-specific mutagenesis. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, two trans-acting proteins were shown to interact with the ygiW–qseBC promoter. The QseB response regulator bound to probes containing the direct repeat sequence CTTAA-N6-CTTAA, where the CTTAA repeats flank the −35 element of the promoter. The ygiW–qseBC expression could not be detected in A. actinomycetemcomitans ΔqseB or ΔqseBC strains, but was restored to WT levels in the ΔqseBC mutant when complemented by single copy chromosomal insertion of qseBC. Interestingly, qseB partially complemented the ΔqseBC strain, suggesting that QseB could be activated in the absence of QseC. QseB activation required its phosphorylation since complementation did not occur using qseBpho−, encoding a protein with the active site aspartate substituted with alanine. These results suggest that QseB is a strong positive regulator of ygiW–qseBC expression. In addition, integration host factor (IHF) bound to two sites in the promoter region and an additional site near the 5′ end of the ygiW ORF. The expression of ygiW–qseBC was increased by twofold in ΔihfA and ΔihfB strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans, suggesting that IHF is a negative regulator of the ygiW–qseBC operon.
Anesthetic management in feline renal transplantation

Abstract Objective To document perioperative and anesthetic management of 30 feline renal transplant recipients (1996–1998). Study design Retrospective clinical study. Animals Thirty adult cats in end-stage renal failure that underwent heterotopic renal transplantation. Materials and methods The medical records were reviewed from 30 feline heterotopic renal transplant recipients. Cases were included only if they had been treated for hypertension using a beta-adrenergic antagonist, a calcium channel blocker or hemodialysis. Data regarding signalment, preoperative management, surgical technique, type and doses of anesthetics administered, perioperative hemodynamics and intra- and postoperative complications, postoperative analgesia, morbidity and early mortality were recorded. Data were expressed as mean ± SD. Results Preanesthetic medication included a combination of an anticholinergic and an opioid (oxymorphone). Anesthesia induction was performed mostly with isoflurane and oxygen delivered by mask. Anesthesia maintenance was primarily achieved with isoflurane in 100% oxygen. Nitrous oxide was often used as part of the anesthetic technique. The mean duration of anesthesia was 4.6 hours ± 27 minutes. The mean renal allograft ischemic time was 60 minutes. During the anesthetic period, the majority of the recipient cats received either fresh whole blood (FWB) ( N = 25, 83%), cross-matched packed red blood cells (PRBC) ( N = 3, 10%) or fresh frozen plasma (FFP) ( N = 2, 7%) combined with a balanced electrolyte solution. Blood products administered averaged 63 ± 34 mL and crystalloid 94 ± 62 mL. The most common treated intraoperative complications were hypotension ( N = 14, 47%), hypothermia ( N = 13, 43%), metabolic acidosis ( N = 11, 37%), hypocalcemia ( N = 5, 17%), hypoglycemia ( N = 4, 13%), hypertension ( N = 2, 7%), bradycardia ( N = 1, 3%), and ventricular premature contractions ( N = 1, 3%). All cats received opioid analgesics postoperatively. Complications observed in the first 24 hours postoperatively were hypertension ( N = 20, 67%), hematuria ( N = 14, 47%), electrolyte disturbances ( N = 9, 30%), temperature imbalances ( N = 5, 17%), decreased PCV requiring blood transfusion ( N = 5, 17%), decreased perfusion of a foot associated with external iliac anastomosis technique ( N = 5, 17%), seizures associated with hypertension ( N = 3, 10%), uroabdomen ( N = 2, 7%), acute graft rejection ( N = 1, 3%) and, corneal ulceration ( N = 1, 3%). Survival rates in the perioperative period were 100, 96.7, and 93.4% intraoperatively, at 24 hours, and 7 days following surgery. Conclusion Successful anesthesia can be performed in critically ill renal transplant recipients. However, for optimal graft function and patient survival, normothermia, normovolemia, normotension, and normal acid–base and electrolyte balance should be carefully maintained. Successful anesthetic management requires understanding of the pathophysiology of end-stage renal disease and the maintenance of homeostasis during the different stages of the perioperative period.
Side-Scan Sonar Mapping of Lake Trout Spawning Habitat in Northern Lake Michigan

Abstract Native stocks of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush were virtually or completely extirpated from the lower four Great Lakes by the early 1960s. The failure of early attempts to reestablish self-sustaining populations of lake trout was attributed partly to the practice of stocking hatcheryreared juveniles at locations and over substrates that had not been used in the past for spawning by native fish. Subsequent attempts to improve the selection of stocking locations were impeded by the lack of reliable information on the distribution of substrates on historical spawning grounds. Here we demonstrate the potential of side-scan sonar to substantially expand the data base needed to pinpoint the location of substrates where lake trout eggs, fry, or juveniles could be stocked to maximize survival and help ensure that survivors returning to spawn would encounter suitable substrates. We also describe the substrates and bathymetry of large areas on historical lake trout spawning grounds in the Fox Island Lake...
Numerical Investigation of Rotating Detonation Combustion in Annular Chambers

This article presents two dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) computational analysis of rotating detonation combustion (RDC) in annular chambers using the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver ANSYS-Fluent V13. The applicability of ANSYS-Fluent to predict the predominant phenomena taking place in the combustion chamber of a rotating detonation combustor is assessed. Simulations are performed for stoichiometric Hydrogen-Air combustion using two different chemical mechanisms. First, a widely used one-step reaction mechanism that uses mass fraction of the reactant as a progress variable, then a reduced chemical mechanism for H2-Air combustion including NOx chemistry was employed. Time dependent 2D and 3D simulations are carried out by solving Euler equations for compressible flows coupled with chemical reactions. Fluent user defined functions (UDF) were constructed and integrated into the commercial CFD solver in order to model the micro nozzle and slot injection system for fuel and oxidizer, respectively. Predicted pressure and temperature fields and detonation wave velocities are compared for the two reaction mechanisms. Curvature effects on the properties of transverse detonation waves are studied by comparing the 2D and 3D simulations. The effects of diffusion terms on RDC phenomena are assessed by solving full Navier-Stokes equations and comparing the results with those from Euler equations. Computational results are compared with experimentally measured pressure data obtained from the literature. Results show that the detonation wave velocity is over predicted in all the simulations. However, good agreement between computational and experimental data for the pressure field and transverse detonation wave structure proves adequate capabilities of ANSYS-Fluent to predict the main physical characteristics of RDC operation. Finally, various improvements for RDC modeling are postulated, particularly for better prediction of wave velocity.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Public Works as an Anti-Poverty Program: An Overview of Cross-Country Experience

Public works programs have been important counter-cyclical interventions in developed and developing countries. These programs were used in some Western countries during the depression years of the 1930s. More recently, several developing countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America have adopted such programs in some form or another. In terms of person days of employment created, the programs in Bangladesh and India are perhaps the largest in the world. Employment in India's nationwide program (known as Jawahar Rojgar Yojna, or JRY) reached a billion workdays by 1995. I begin here with a brief discussion of the role of public works as a safety net and then present the available cross-country experience on various aspects of the program. The conclusions are then summarized.
Postoperative Epidural Bupivacaine-Morphine Therapy Experience with 4,227 Surgical Cancer Patients

BackgroundWe prospectively studied surgical cancer patients who received epidural bupivacaine-morphine to determine perioperative morphine use, side effects, and complications.MethodsAll study patients received general-epidural anesthesia followed by epidural analgesia with 0.05% or 0.1% bupivacaine
Emotional Self Defense for the Elderly

(1978). Emotional Self Defense for the Elderly. Journal of Psychedelic Drugs: Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 157-160.
Trajectory Tracking Control for Actuator Arrays

Actuator arrays are planar arrangements of actuators with two degrees of freedom that cooperatively translate and orient objects for efficient manipulation. This brief describes a trajectory tracking control law for macroscopic actuator arrays and its convergence properties. The control law is designed on the basis of the kinematics of an object on the array. Its convergence properties are found using a direct solution of the Kalman-Yakubovich-Popov equations. Simulations show that the control law is effective and that the bounds are useful for objects under no-slip contact. Experimental results from a 20-unit prototype array demonstrate the controller performance.
Infrared spectra of CICN in matrix isolation and the anharmonic intramolecular force field

Abstract Infrared spectra of CICN isolated in argon and neon matrices have been measured at temperatures between 4–20°K. A number of combination and overtone bands have been observed in addition to the fundamentals and values of the anharmonic coefficients x 13 and x 23 have been deduced. The values found for these anharmonic coefficients in the matrix are close to the values found previously for CICN in the gas phase. We have found it possible to account for the observed matrix shifts in the wavenumbers of the vibrational lines by adjusting slightly the quadratic intramolecular force constants. Our results indicate that the matrix cage does not perturb the anharmonic intramolecular force constants any more than the quadratic ones.
Compactons structures for specific nonlinear dispersive equations

In this work we study the compactons structures in a class of specific nonlinear dispersive equations. The compactons structures are formally developed. We further show that solitary patterns solutions for the defocusing branches of these models are created.
Three-dimensional stress singularity at a bimaterial interface crack front

Abstract An eigenfunction expansion method is developed to obtain three-dimensional asymptotic stress fields in the vicinity of the front of a semi-infinite crack along a bimaterial interface of a plate subjected to far-field extension and bending. In comparison with the existing method, the present method is considerably easier to implement, and is also computationally more efficient in the sense that it does not need to resort to iterative schemes to solve the system of three coupled partial differential equations of three-dimensional elasticity theory. Explicit expressions for singular stress fields in the neighborhood of the front of a semi-infinite crack along a bimaterial interface are derived in the paper.
Designing design tools for material flow systems

Abstract Facilities design and material handling are a central theme in Industrial Engineering. Computer aided facility design was an active area of research and development in the 1960's, but relatively little real progress has been made since then. This paper describes a contemporary research program focused squarely on the issue of computer aided facilities design, using contemporary computing platforms and software tools. Significant progress has been made in developing design tools for automated guided vehicle systems.
Elevated concentrations of trace elements in soil do not necessarily reflect metals available to plants.

Bioaccumulation and entry of trace elements from soil into the food chain have made trace-elements major environmental pollutants. The main objective of this investigation was to study the impact of mixing native agricultural soil with municipal sewage sludge (SS) or SS mixed with yard waste (SS+YW) compost on total concentration of trace elements in soil, metals available to plants, and mobility of metals from soil into peppers and melon fruits. Regardless of soil treatment, the average concentrations of Ni, Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Mo in melon fruits were 5.2, 0.7, 3.9, 0.9, 34.3, 96.1, and 3.5μg g(-1), respectively. Overall concentrations of Ni, Cd, Pb, and Zn in melon fruits were significantly greater (P 1) of melon fruits of plants grown in SS+YW mixed soil is a characteristic that would be less favorable when plants grown on sites having high concentrations of these metals.
Adolescent loneliness and social anxiety The role of multiple sources of support

This study tested whether cumulative support (i.e., parental, interparental, peer, and teacher) was associated with decreases in youths’ loneliness and social anxiety during early adolescence. The unique associations of support sources and moderating effects of youth gender also were examined. Participants included 416 youth in sixth grade at the beginning of the study (mean age = 11.86, SD = .69; 91% European American). Cumulative support during sixth grade was associated with decreased loneliness and social anxiety across early adolescence, and it was found that the association with decreased social anxiety was stronger for boys than girls. Parental and peer support were uniquely associated with decreased loneliness and social anxiety, respectively. The protection offered by multiple sources of support for developmental tasks across early adolescence is discussed.