cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anticipating the future: Automatic prediction failures in schizophrenia

People with schizophrenia often misperceive sensations and misinterpret experiences, perhaps contributing to psychotic symptoms. These misperceptions and misinterpretations might result from an inability to make valid predictions about expected sensations and experiences. Healthy normal people take advantage of neural mechanisms that allow them to make predictions unconsciously, facilitating processing of expected sensations and distinguishing the expected from the unexpected. In this paper, we focus on two types of automatic, unconscious mechanisms that allow us to predict our perceptions. The first involves predictions made via innate mechanisms basic to all species in the animal kingdom—the efference copy and corollary discharge mechanisms. They accompany our voluntary movements and allow us to suppress sensations resulting from our actions. We study this during talking, and show that auditory cortical response to the speech sounds during talking is reduced compared to when they are played back. This suppression is reduced in schizophrenia, suggesting a failure to predict the sensations resulting from talking. The second mechanism involves implicitly learning what to expect from the current context of events. We study this by observing the brain's response to an unexpected repetition of an event, when a change would have been predicted. That patients have a reduced response suggests they failed to predict that it was time for a change. Both types of predictions should happen automatically and effortlessly, allowing for economic processing of expected events and orientation to unexpected ones. These prediction failures characterize the diagnosis of schizophrenia rather than reflecting specific symptoms.
PARTI primitives for unstructured and block structured problems

Described here is a set of primitives (PARTI) developed to efficiently execute unstructured and block structured problems on distributed memory parallel machines. We present experimental data from a 3-D unstructured Euler solver run on the Intel Touchstone Delta to demonstrate the usefulness of our methods.
Morphometry of rat olfactory bulbs stained for cytochrome oxidase reveals that the entire population of glomeruli forms early in the neonatal period

Abstract Cytochrome oxidase staining selectively highlights the synapse-rich neuropil of olfactory bulb glomeruli. Detailed morphometric enumeration of glomeruli in cytochrome oxidase-stained serial sections from postnatally developing rats reveals that the entire adult population of glomeruli (2400/bulb) forms early in life, the process being complete by days 3–5 postnatal. Newborn's glomeruli range in diameter from a mean of about 50 μm to a maximum of about 70 μm and undergo a 3-fold increase in diameter and a 20-fold increase in volume during days 1–50 postnatal. The presence of the entire adult's glomeruli in the neonate calls for a serious revision of some current views on glomerular development and, given the critical roles of glomeruli as modules, the findings bear important implications for the organization of olfactory system and early development of olfactory functions.
The development of chromosome-specific composite DNA probes for the mouse and their application to chromosome painting

The speed and ease of human cytogenetic analysis has been greatly enhanced by the technique of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Non-radioactive fluorescently tagged complex DNA probes specific for individual chromosomes can be hybridized to conventionally obtained metaphase chromosome spreads. Several chromosomes may be “painted” concurrently by using combinations of different labeled probes. Surveys of chromosome breakage and rearrangement may be performed very quickly by avoiding the time consuming process of GTG-banding. The application of FISH to mouse cytogenetics would allow large scale molecular toxicology studies to be conducted on the effects of such environmental insults as potential carcinogens, mutagens and radiation. Progress has been hampered, however, as the Mus musculus karyotype consists of 40 acrocentric chromosomes of approximately the same size, making the recognition and separation of individual chromosomes very difficult. We now describe the successful production and application of chromosome-specific composite DNA probes for M. musculus chromosomes 2 and 8. Stable Robertsonian translocated chromosomes were isolated on a flow sorter and their DNA subsequently amplified by degenerate oligonucleotide primer (DOP) PCR. Small pools (300 copies) of each chromosome were denatured at 94° C then annealed with the primer at 30°C for 15 cycles. This was followed by 20 cycles at an annealing temperature of 62° C. Additional amplification was performed at an annealing temperature of 62° C. The chromosome-specific DNA was labeled with biotin 11-dUTP by nick translation and used for FISH. The usefulness of the technique for translocation detection is demonstrated by analyzing chromosome exchanges induced in mice irradiated with 137Cs γ rays.
Reliability associated with the Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS) adapted for the telemedicine context

Abstract Objective This study's purpose was to adapt the Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS) for telemedicine clinics and to investigate the adapted measure's reliability. The study also sought to better understand the volume of technology-related utterance in established telemedicine clinics and the feasibility of using the measure within the telemedicine setting. This initial evaluation is a first step before broadly using the adapted measure across technologies and raters. Methods An expert panel adapted the RIAS for the telemedicine context. This involved accounting for all consultation participants (patient, provider, presenter, family) and adding technology-specific subcategories. Ten new and 36 follow-up telemedicine encounters were videotaped and double coded using the adapted RIAS. These consisted primarily of follow-up visits (78.0%) involving patients, providers, presenters, and other parties. Reliability was calculated for those categories with 15 or more utterances. Results Traditional RIAS categories related to socioemotional and task-focused clusters had fair to excellent levels of reliability in the telemedicine setting. Although there were too few utterances to calculate the reliability of the specific technology-related subcategories, the summary technology-related category proved reliable for patients, providers, and presenters. Overall patterns seen in traditional patient–provider interactions were observed, with the number of provider utterances far exceeding patient, presenter, and family utterances, and few technology-specific utterances. Conclusion The traditional RIAS is reliable when applied across multiple participants in the telemedicine context. Reliability of technology-related subcategories could not be evaluated; however, the aggregate technology-related cluster was found to be reliable and may be especially relevant in understanding communication patterns with patients new to the telemedicine setting. Use of the RIAS instrument is encouraged to facilitate comparison between traditional, face-to-face clinics and telemedicine; among diverse consultation mediums and technologies; and across different specialties. Future research is necessary to further investigate the reliability and validity of adding technology-related subcategories to the RIAS. The limited number of technology-related utterances, however, implies a certain degree of comfort with two-way interactive video consultation among study participants. Practice implications Telemedicine continues to increase access to healthcare. The technology-related categories of the adapted RIAS were reliable when aggregated, thereby providing a tool to better understand how telemedicine affects provider–patient communication and outcomes.
Putting reader roles to the test: an ethnomethodological approach

That readers read within roles has long been argued by literary theorists and more recently by technical communication theorists. Yet few scholars have attempted to put their theories to a test. The study reported in this paper attempts to do by using a conversation analysis tool called ethnomethodology. In an experimental setting, subjects were videotaped reading and responding to a set of instructions. Their responses indicate that: readers will often choose to play a role different from the one embedded in a text, especially if the text role offends them in some way; readers with similar education and interest may display different reader roles, making these roles difficult to predict; and within a single reading, a reader may change roles frequently. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of the findings and the appropriateness of ethnomethodology for reader-role research. >
Olfactory interneurons in the brain of the larval sphinx moth Manduca sexta.

1. The physiology and morphology of olfactory interneurons in the brain of larval Manduca sexta were studied using intracellular recording and staining techniques. Antennal olfactory receptors were stimulated with volatile substances from plants and with pure odorants. Neurons responding to the stimuli were investigated further to reveal their response specificities, dose-response characteristics, and morphology. 2. We found no evidence of specific ‘labeled-lines’ among the odor-responsive interneurons, as none responded exclusively to one plant odor or pure odorant; most olfactory interneurons were broadly tuned in their response spectra. This finding is consistent with an ‘across-fiber’ pattern of odor coding. 3. Mechanosensory and olfactory information are integrated at early stages of central processing, appearing in the responses of some local interneurons restricted to the primary olfactory nucleus in the brain, the larval antennal center (LAC). 4. The responses of LAC projection neurons and higher-order protocerebral interneurons to a given odor were more consistent than the responses of LAC local interneurons. 5. The LAC appears to be functionally subdivided, as both local and projection neurons had arborizations in specific parts of the LAC, but none had dendrites throughout the LAC. 6. The mushroom bodies and the lateral protocerebrum contain neurons that respond to olfactory stimulation.
Case series in cognitive neuropsychology: Promise, perils, and proper perspective

Schwartz and Dell (2010) advocated for a major role for case series investigations in cognitive neuropsychology. They defined the key features of this approach and presented a number of arguments and examples illustrating the benefits of case series studies and their contribution to computational cognitive neuropsychology. In the Special Issue on “Case Series in Cognitive Neuropsychology” there are six commentaries on Schwartz and Dell as well as a response to the six commentaries by Dell and Schwartz (2011 this issue). In this paper, I provide a brief summary of the key points made in Schwartz and Dell, and I review the promise and perils of case series design as revealed by the six commentaries. I conclude by placing the set of papers within a broader perspective, providing some clarification of the historical record on case series and single-case approaches, raising some cautionary notes for case series studies and situating both case series and single-case approaches within the larger context of theor...
The Morphology of Cross-Linked Polyethylene Insulation

Cross-linked polyethylene, now commonly used for insulation of underground electric distribution cables, is susceptible to electrochemical treeing, in common with other polymeric dielectrics. This treeing phenomenon sometimes originates at holes or cavities present in the cable. A polishing and etching technique has been developed which, when combined with scanning electron microscopy, permits the relation of the cavity structure to the crystalline morphology to be determined. The larger cavities, 5 to 10 ?m in size, are to be found at the points of impingement of spherulites. Smaller cavities, revealed by the etching techniques, occuir in the boundaries of spherulites. These cavities are believed to be due to condensation of aromatic by-products of the initiator. A cavity network exists throughout the material giving rise to a weak pathway which is likely to facilitate tree formation.
Local regeneration initiatives and capacity building: Whose ‘capacity’ and ‘building’ for what?

The UK ‘New’ Labour Government has introduced a number of regional, local and neighbourhood initiatives. These claim to share similar characteristics based upon the concepts of ‘partnership’ and ‘multi-agency’ cooperation. New structures to ensure the accountability and the delivery of these OnewO forms of governance and service delivery have been established. Local Strategic Partnerships, with an emphasis on community ‘capacity’ building are the latest policy response. This paper, drawing upon research in Manchester and Glasgow, suggests that whilst these initiatives use a new language, they are steeped in old practices. Changing structures does not, of itself, alter the power differences inherent in local neighbourhoods where community groups are cast as ‘dependent’ by regeneration managers seeking to meet performance targets. The paper seeks to identify ways in which this relationship can be altered to enable local groups to negotiate a new agenda.
Estimation of stochastic rate constants and tracking of species in biochemical networks with second-order reactions

In a recent work we applied particle filtering to simple biochemical networks composed of first-order reactions with the objective of estimating unknowns in the studied system that include stochastic rate constants and species with timeevolving numbers of molecules. In this paper we extend that effort to biochemical networks which have second-order reactions. We model the unknown stochastic rate constants by Gamma distributions and the number of reactions in a given time interval as Poisson random variables. The observations are nonlinear functions of some of the species in the system, and they are distorted by noises with known distributions. With these assumptions, we develop a particle filter that tracks the number of molecules of all the species in the network with time and estimates the unknown stochastic rate constants. We demonstrate the method on a reaction of importance in studying Ras regulation.
FOCUS ON FRENCH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE: MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES

FOCUS ON FRENCH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE: MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES. Jean-Marc Dewaele (Ed.). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters, 2005. Pp. x + 242. 39.96 paper.This volume is a collection of 10 chapters that report on various research projects in SLA, all relating to the learning of French or the nature of French second language (L2) interlanguage (IL). Although the use of the descriptor “multidisciplinary” seems a bit of a stretch, a range of specific research questions is addressed, in varying contexts, including the acquisition of French as a L2 or foreign language, in naturalistic or instructional contexts, by speakers of various first languages (L1s) and at beginning or, often, advanced stages of acquisition. Whereas the volume naturally takes its place in what the editor refers to as “the Anglo-Saxon SLA world” (p. viii) with strong representation of the Universal Grammar perspective, there are also contributors working in variationist sociolinguistics and a traditional psycholinguistic framework.
A Model for the Delivery of Health Care to Pregnant Adolescents

The development and implementation of a health care delivery system for pregnant adolescents is described. The setting was an already functioning urban obstetrical outpatient facility for maternal and infant care. The successes and failures that were experienced are shared with the reader. In Part I the specifics involved in planning and putting into operation an adolescent clinic sesssion are enumerated. In Part II the actual implementation, evaluation, and replanning are discussed. Both parts are based on the nursing process and the manner in which it was utilized in planning and development.
Correlates of Adult Locus of Control

Correlations between scores on the Adult Locus of Control Scale and a number of personality scales supported the hypothesis that the control scores are related to need achievement, anxiety, psychopathology, socioeconomic status, ethnic group membership, and intellectual ability. There was some evidence that locus of control scores are also related to teacher effectiveness.
Simulation of eye diseases in a virtual environment

Virtual Reality (VR) is increasingly being used in medical training and education. In most of these applications, VR is used to improve the visual fidelity of the simulated objects. In this paper we investigate the potential of using VR to simulate visual deterioration caused by disease processes. The first person interactive nature of VR provides mechanisms for these visualizations which are not present in other media such as video, film or print. A virtual apartment has been created so that these visual problems can be simulated in a familiar context. Computer-generated image masks are used to model visual field loss caused by glaucoma. Diplopia is created by supplying incorrect viewing directions in the virtual environment. Macular degeneration is simulated by warping the central area of the simulated environment. This first person experience of the visual impairments can be used to teach medical professionals to recognize the kinds of problems which their patients may be experiencing and to increase the sensitivity of friends and family to the patients' difficulties. It may even help to convince noncompliant patients of the serious nature of their disease and increase their adherence with medical protocols.
Essential Amino Acid Composition of Chicken Meat and Drip After 30 and 90 Days of Frozen Storage

SUMMARY– Light and dark meat from 24 heavy hens was frozen and stored for 30 and 90 days. After storage, drip was collected and moisture and fat removed. The essential amino acids in acid and alkaline hydrolyzates of dark and light chicken meat and drip were determined by microbiological assay. Acid hydrolyzates from drip were also analyzed on a Beckman/Spinco Amino Acid Analyzer. The concentration of amino acids in both dark and light meat decreased and the concentration in drip increased with increasing storage time. In addition, larger quantities of essential amino acids were detected in drip from frozen light meat than from frozen dark meat after both periods of storage. The quantitative results obtained from the analyzer were in general agreement with those obtained by microbiological assay but were somewhat higher. The concentration of each amino acid, as a percentage of total amino acids, was similar in meat and drip.
Extending the Neo-Confucian Tradition Questions and Reconceptualization for the Twenty-First Century

Soulignant la pertinence du neoconfucianisme au regard du monde contemporain et du monde postmoderne qui se dessine a la veille du XXI e siecle, l'A. se propose de confronter le scheme conceptuel traditionnel, fonde sur les notions de li et ch'i definissant le cosmos comme le supreme ultime, a la comprehension actuelle de l'evolution de l'univers comme systeme spatio-temporel. Adoptant une pespective interdisciplinaire melant la religion comparee a la physique quantique, et comparant la tradition neoconfucienne a la tradition occidentale, l'A. montre que l'interaction entre le necoconfucianisme, d'une part, la cosmologie, le neo-darwinisme et l'ecologie, d'autre part, delimite le lieu ethique d'ou penser la place de l'homme, ainsi que la dimension normative de la conscience et le besoin de se cultiver
The modern record of “concretionary” carbonate: Reassessing a discrepancy between modern sediments and the geologic record

Abstract Carbonate concretions have long been recognized as common constituents of sedimentary rocks exposed in outcrop. Although formation mechanisms vary, organic matter degradation often plays a role in carbonate concretion authigenesis, providing a source of alkalinity for mineral production. Perhaps surprisingly, modern examples of concretionary carbonates are rarely identified in cores despite ubiquitous organic matter degradation in marine sediments. This has prompted the general notion that the modern record of concretionary carbonate does not mirror that preserved in the geologic record. Here, we present data from continental margin sediments that receive enhanced delivery of organic matter and demonstrate that concretionary carbonates are indeed recovered from many of these sites. In addition, sites where concretionary carbonates have not been recovered exhibit chemical profiles that suggest local authigenesis. The lack of concretion recovery from some locations likely reflects the poor potential for modern coring techniques to adequately capture concretions or provide context for their identification once recovered. Concretionary carbonate recovered from the Peru Margin, Cascadia, the Gulf of California, the Cariaco Basin and the western margin of southern Africa exhibit evidence for modern or very recent formation via methanogenesis or the anaerobic oxidation of methane. Demonstrably modern organotrophic sulfate reduction concretions have not been found.
Relative frequency of reinforcement and rate of punished behavior

After training on a multiple variable-interval variable-interval schedule of reinforcement, each response in one component of the schedule was followed by a brief electric shock. When the rate of punished responses stabilized, the frequency of reinforcement in the other component was first decreased and then increased from the baseline frequency. The effects of these manipulations were consistent with reports of interactions in multiple schedules involving only unpunished behavior, i.e., the rate of punished responses increased with a higher relative frequency of reinforcement in the punishment component and decreased with a lower relative frequency of reinforcement in that component. The relevance of such findings to a further generality of behavioral contrast effects is discussed.
Are All HIV Type 1 Strains Created Equal

lished, or their response to treatment with antiretrovirals. Because data are sparse, opinions differ, and, in general, current guidelines for health care and treatment policies do not take into account potential differences in biological properties that could result from viral biological diversity. The global spread of HIV-1 has been characterized by rapid genetic diversification as the virus has adapted to replicate in human hosts. Evidence suggests that cross-species transmission of chimpanzee simian immunodeficiency virus to humans has occurred more than once, giving rise to at least 3 distinct groups of HIV-1 called M, N, and O [1-4]. Despite the establishment of infections in hu-
GPGPU acceleration of Cellular Simultaneous Recurrent Networks adapted for maze traversals

At present, a major initiative in the research community is investigating new ways of processing data that capture the efficiency of the human brain in hardware and software. This has resulted in increased interest and development of bio-inspired computing approaches in software and hardware. One such bio-inspired approach is Cellular Simultaneous Recurrent Networks (CSRNs). CSRNs have been demonstrated to be very useful in solving state transition type problems, such as maze traversals. Although powerful in image processing capabilities, CSRNs have high computational demands with increasing input problem size. In this work, we revisit the maze traversal problem to gain an understanding of the general processing of CSRNs. We use a 2.67 GHz Intel Xeon X5550 processor coupled with an NVIDIA Tesla C2050 general purpose graphical processing unit (GPGPU) to create several novel accelerated CSRN implementations as a means of overcoming the high computational cost. Additionally, we explore the use of decoupled extended Kalman filters in the CSRN training phase and find a significant reduction in runtime with negligible change in accuracy. We find in our results that we can achieve average speedups of 21.73 and 3.55 times for the training and testing phases respectively when compared to optimized C implementations. The main bottleneck in training performance was a matrix inversion computation. Therefore, we utilize several methods to reduce the effects of the matrix inversion computation.
Chromosome Conformation Capture (3C) in Budding Yeast.

Chromosome conformation capture (3C) is a method for studying chromosomal organization that takes advantage of formaldehyde cross-linking to measure the spatial association of two pieces of chromatin. The 3C method begins with whole-cell formaldehyde fixation of chromatin. After cell lysis, solubilized chromatin is digested with a type II restriction endonuclease, and cross-linked DNA fragmentsareligatedtogether.Cross-linksarereversed bydegradationwithproteinaseK,andchimeric DNA molecules are purified by standard phenol:chloroform extraction. The resulting 3C library represents chromatin fragments that may be separated by large genomic distances or located on different chromosomes, but are close enough in three-dimensional space for cross-linking. Locus-specific oligonucleotide primers are used to detect interactions of interest in the 3C library using end-point polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Surviving the crash: Assessing the aftermath of cosmic bubble collisions

This paper is the third in a series investigating the possibility that if we reside in an inflationary “bubble universe,” we might observe the effects of collisions with other such bubbles. Here, we study the interior structure of a bubble collision spacetime, focusing on the issue of where observers can reside. Numerical simulations indicate that if the interbubble domain wall accelerates away, infinite spacelike surfaces of homogeneity develop to the future of the collision; this strongly suggests that observers can have collisions to their past, and previous results then imply that this is very likely. However, for observers at nearly all locations, the restoration of homogeneity relegates any observable effects to a vanishingly small region on the sky. We find that bubble collisions may also play an important role in defining measures in inflation: a potentially infinite relative volume factor arises between two bubble types depending on the sign of the acceleration of the domain wall between them; this may in turn correlate with observables such as the scale or type of inflation.
The association of lumbar spondylolisthesis with collagen IX tryptophan alleles

Two collagen type IX gene polymorphisms that introduce a tryptophan residue into the protein's triple-helical domain have been linked to an increased risk of lumbar disc disease. To determine whether a particular subset of symptomatic lumbar disease is specifically associated with these polymorphisms, we performed a prospective case-control study of 107 patients who underwent surgery of the lumbar spine. Patients were assigned to one of five clinical categories (fracture, disc degeneration, disc herniation, spinal stenosis without spondylolisthesis and spinal stenosis with spondylolisthesis) based on history, imaging results, and findings during surgery. Of the 11 tryptophan-positive patients, eight had spinal stenosis with spondylolisthesis and three had disc herniation. The presence of the tryptophan allele was significantly associated with African-American or Asian designation for race (odds ratio 4.61, 95% CI 0.63 to 25.35) and with the diagnosis of spinal stenosis with spondylolisthesis (odds ratio 6.81, 95% CI 1.47 to 41.95). Our findings indicate that tryptophan polymorphisms predispose carriers to the development of symptomatic spinal stenosis associated with spondylolisthesis which requires surgery.
The dilemma of "indeterminate" interpretations of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors on fine needle aspiration.

Background Indeterminate (atypical/suspicious) fine needle aspiration (FNA) interpretation of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor (PanNET) can be frustrating for both pathologists and clinicians. Although published literature has often addressed the significance of indeterminate cytologic diagnoses in non-neuroendocrine epithelial lesions, the significance of indeterminate FNA results for PanNET is less established. Methods The pathology records of The Johns Hopkins hospital were searched for histologic diagnoses of PanNET that had corresponding pre-operative FNA results. Cytopathologic diagnoses were categorized according to the index of suspicion described in the report (atypical, suspicious for PanNET and PanNET). Additionally, the exact reasons for the indeterminate nature of the diagnoses—such as lack of adequate cytologic features, unusual findings, or lack of confirmatory immunocytochemistry (ICC) were investigated. Results One hundred and twenty (120) cases of PanNET were identified. Of these, the FNA diagnoses were as follows: 78% (94/120) were PanNET, 9% (11/120) were suspicious for PanNET, 6% (7/120) were atypical, 4% (5/120) were benign, 2% (2/120) were non-diagnostic and 1% (1/120) was called a mucinous neoplasm. Of the 94 cases that were definitively PanNET, 74 (78%) required ICC for the diagnosis. Of the 26 cases that were not diagnosed definitively as PanNET, 73% (19/26) were morphologically suggestive of PanNET but did not have sufficient material for confirmatory ICC. Conclusions ICC is commonly employed to confirm the cytologic suspicion for PanNET. The most common reasons for indeterminate diagnoses were a quantitative lack of lesional cells and lack of material for confirmatory ICC. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:10–13. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Integration of a New Course Evaluation Tool into a Comprehensive Departmental Assessment Plan

In an effort to immediately use valuable student feedback from final course evaluations, Valparaiso University's Hesse Learning Resource and Assessment Center has worked with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering to optimize the format of the surveys themselves and procedures used to extract key information from those surveys in a timely manner so it can be used as part of departmental assessment efforts. Although preparing the necessary evaluation summary forms involves a great deal of work, the authors have developed a very organized method for focusing faculty and staff efforts in completing the project in a timely manner. The authors presented a detailed discussion of the structure used to prepare the course evaluations, how they are processed and summarized, and how the results of these efforts have become an integral part of the department's assessment efforts, leading to real improvements in the quality of student outcomes
Independent Drilling Outperforms Conventional Transtibial Drilling in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

BackgroundOptimal tunnel placement is critical in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructive surgery, yet the method used to drill the tunnels may compromise their placement.HypothesisAn independent drilling method versus a conventional transtibial drilling method will place tunnels in different locations and produce reconstructions with different kinematics.Study DesignControlled laboratory study.MethodsTen pairs of knees had anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions produced by either a conventional transtibial drilling method or an independent drilling method. The location of the tunnels was recorded, and the knees were tested for laxity in the normal state, with the anterior cruciate ligament removed, and with the anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed. A surgical navigation system guided the placement of the independently drilled tunnels and measured joint laxity in response to various combinations of anterior force and rotational torques.ResultsThe conventional transtibial drilling method used in ...
Implicit Coping Styles as a Predictor of Aggression

Research exploring potential antecedents of aggression provides contradictory results, with some data relating adaptive coping styles with high aggression and other studies finding the inverse. Clarification of these relationships could improve intervention and prevention strategies. This study investigated relationships between aggression and 3 coping styles (adaptive, neurotic, and maladaptive) via cross-sectional correlational methodology (N = 355). Data supported both hypotheses: First, the use of less adaptive coping styles predicted higher levels of aggression; second, this relationship held true for both cognitive (anger and hostility) and overt (physical and verbal) expressions of aggression. Results indicate that maladaptive coping significantly predicts aggression. Implications include potential prediction and prevention strategies to reduce the probability of higher risk individuals exhibiting aggression.
Clinical and economic impact of antimicrobial stewardship interventions with the FilmArray blood culture identification panel

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the FilmArray Blood Culture Identification (BCID) Panel on the management of patients with blood cultures growing gram positive cocci and Candida. We retrospectively compared clinical and economic outcomes between patients during the BCID testing period and a matched historical control group before BCID testing was introduced. A total of 84 BCID patients were matched to 252 historical controls. BCID identification of coagulase negative staphylococci contaminants resulted in shorter post-culture length of stay (P < 0.008) and saved roughly $30,000 per 100 patients tested. The BCID led to shorter duration of empirical vancomycin for patients with contaminated blood cultures (P = 0.005) and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (P < 0.001). Patients with vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bacteremia received active therapy earlier than historical controls (P = 0.047). The BCID, coupled with antimicrobial stewardship intervention, was a cost effective tool to improve patient care.
Accounting Scholars Publishing in Business Ethics Journals: A Thirty-Year Longitudinal Study

None of the top 40 journals used by Hasselback, Reinstein, and Schwan to rank accounting's prolific authors list ethics as an area of interest for manuscripts. Consequently, those who publish in ethics are at a competitive disadvantage in Hasselback et al.'s rankings. The purpose of this research is to provide a list of accounting's ethics authors as a companion study to Hasselback et al.'s rankings. In this study, 22 ethics journals were analyzed for the 35-year period (1968-2002). While a similar level of coauthoring occurs as in Hasselback et al. only 6.3 percent of accounting's assistant professors and above, who teach at schools in North America, have one or more publications in the 22 ethics journals this research examines.
Social workers as care coordinators: Leaders in ensuring effective, compassionate care

The concept of care coordination is at the forefront of national conversations in the context of health care reform. As pediatric social workers, we are interested in how care coordination benefits our patients, and which disciplines are providing coordination services. We have determined that significant overlap exists between the work social workers are already doing in inpatient and outpatient medical settings and the literature's definition of care coordination activities. This article outlines our process of literature review and creation of a working definition of care coordination, and frames the concepts we believe remain central to the process of care coordination.
Field Efficacy and Deposit Analysis of Bacillus thuringiensis, Foray 48B, Against Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

Four aerial treatments of Bacillus thuringiensis (Foray 48B) were evaluated against gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., infestations to determine their field efficacy and foliar deposits. From an initial average density of 2,000 egg masses per ha (EM/ha), gypsy moth populations in the untreated (control) blocks increased to 6,570 EM/ha. At a dose of 30 Billion International Units of insecticidal activity per hectare (BIU/ha) applied in 2.3 and in 7.0 liters, the populations decreased significantly to 337 EM/ha (95% control) and to 280 EM/ha (96% control), respectively. At 60 BIU/4.6 and at 90 BIUI 7.0 liters/la, they decreased to 1175 EM/ha (89% control) and to 50 EM/ha (99% control), respectively. EM density differences between treatments after spray were not significant and all were significantly less than the controls. The mean drop density, estimated volume deposit, drop size (Dv05) and relative span (RS) measured on the foliage were 2 drops per cm2, 1.5 nl/cm2, 134 mm Dv0.5, and 0.54 RS for the 2.3 liter/ha application and 8 drops per cm2, 2.2 nl/cm2, 103 mm Dv0.5, and 0.81 RS for the 7.0 liter/ha volume application rates. Nine percent of the leaves collected from blocks sprayed at 2.3 liter/ha had no B. thuringiensis , compared with 2% of the leaves collected from blocks sprayed at 7.0 liter/ha. At 5 or fewer drops per cm2, the differences were 83% and 43%, respectively. The remaining 8% of the leaves collected from the blocks sprayed at 2.3 liter had between 5 and 20 drops per cm2, compared with 49% of the leaves from blocks sprayed at 7.0 liter/ha. The remaining 8% of the leaves collected from blocks sprayed at 7.0 liters/ha were covered with >20 drops per cm2.
CHARACTER COMPATIBILITY AND PHYLETIC RELATIONSHIPS IN SEVERAL CLOSELY RELATED SPECIES OF CHENOPODIUM OF THE WESTERN UNITED STATES

The method of Character Compatibility, using both morphological and chemical characters, was employed to develop a phylogeny for several closely related diploid species of Chenopodiium occurring in the western United States. The species include C. atroivirens, C. desiccatutn, C. fremontii, C. hians, C. incanum (including two varieties in addition to the typical one), C. leptophyllum, and C. pratericola. The three similar phylogenies produced by using Character Compatibility were then compared to an hypothesis of phyletic relationships derived intuitively. The intuitive phylogeny in general agrees with those developed by Character Compatibility. Chenopodium fremontii is regarded as having the greatest number of primitive characters and thus is considered to be least modified from the hypothetical ancestral type. Two lines occur from this hypothetical ancestor, one which includes C. incantum and C. desiccaturm and the other which contains the remaining four species. The intuitive phylogeny differs in one significant respect, namely, that C. desiccatutim is viewed as more closely allied to C. pratericola than to C. incanum. The reason for this is that in the intuitive phylogeny leaf shape is employed as a primary character for producing the two basic phyletic lines. Character Compatibility used a greater number of compatible features for generating the phylogenies (eight as opposed to six in the intuitive phylogeny) but it did not use leaf shape in constructing the trees. It is suggested that several characters placing C. desiccatutm and C. incantum together in the trees produced by Character Compatibility may be due to parallel evolution, and not the result of a direct phyletic relationship.
An analytical approach for estimating uncertainty in measured temperatures of concrete slab during fire

To evaluate the fire resistance of concrete slabs used in composite floor systems, the temporal and spatial variation of measured temperatures must be accurately determined. Temperature profiles in a concrete section are a function of concrete thermophysical properties and boundary conditions. However, there can be considerable uncertainty in the estimates typically used for thermophysical properties and boundary conditions in fire. In this study, an analytical approach was developed to compute uncertainties in concrete slab temperatures during exposure to a fire and the results obtained with this approach were verified against those obtained with the Monte Carlo method. A simple 1-D heat flow model was constructed to demonstrate the usefulness of this approach. It is shown that uncertainty in gas temperatures has a substantial effect on the overall uncertainty in computed member temperatures. Also, uncertainties associated with computed concrete temperatures increase with increase in fire exposure time.
Relationship between the expression of Tiam1, Rac1 and the pathobiological behavior of gastric cancer

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of T lymphoma invasion and (metastasis) inducing factor 1 (Tiam1), ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) with the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer. Methods The expressions of Tiam1 and Rac1 proteins in 60 cases of (gastric) cancer and paracarcioma gastric mucosa tissues were detected using Strept Avidin-Biotin Complex(SABC) immunohistochemical method,and the correlation between the expression of Tiam1, Rac1 and (clinicopathological) parameters of gastric cancer were analysed. Results (1)There was negative staining of Tiam1 protein in paracarcioma gastric mucosa tissues, while positive staining was detected in gastric cancer (tissues)(78.33%)(P 0.01). (2)The positive staining rate of Rac1 in gastric cancer tissues((71.67)%) was significantly higher than that in paracarcioma gastric muscosa(18.33%)(P 0.01). (3)As the degree of histologic differentiation of gastric cancer decreased, depth of invasion increased, stage of TNM was upgraded or lymph node metastasis appeared, the positive staining rate of Tiam1 and Rac1 (proteins) in gastric cancer tissues significantly increased(P 0.05), but there was no obvious correlation between their expression with the sex, age of patient, primary pathological location or size of gastric cancer(P 0.05). (4) The expression of Rac1 in patients with positive staining of Tiam1 was significantlyhigher than that in patients with negative staining(P 0.01). Conclusions Positive (correlation) existed between the expression of Tiam1, Rac1 and the infiltration and metastasis of (gastric) cancer, which suggested that combined examination of Tiam1 and Rac1 in gastric cancer can be helpful to (forecast) its pathobiological behavior.
Incidence, Morbidity and Mortality, and Diagnosis of Twin Gestations

Twin gestations have higher morbidity and mortality than singleton pregnancies. This is related to the teratogenic event of twinning itself, as well as to physiologic changes associated with twinning. Early diagnosis, careful monitoring, and knowledge of potential problems may help the alert obstetrician to improve outcome.
Strategies to minimize weight gain after smoking cessation: psychological and pharmacological intervention with specific reference to dexfenfluramine.

Cigarette smoking suppresses body weight, discouraging many smokers from trying to quit. Behavioural therapies have so far proved unsuccessful in preventing post-cessation weight gain, and have in fact tended to undercut abstinence from smoking. The mental demands of implementing behavioural weight management strategies may compete with the concentration needed to maintain abstinence from smoking. Consequently, a pharmacological approach offers potential treatment advantages by minimizing the effort needed to achieve weight control
Chapter 13 – THE PRIMATE FRONTAL CORTEX AND ALLASSOSTASIS

Publisher Summary Frontal lesions greatly increase behavioral responsiveness to novel stimuli. This chapter describes the relationship between the delayed response deficit that traditionally typifies the behavioral effect of dorsolateral frontal lesions and the galvanic-skin-response component of the orienting response. The output from the frontal cortex is not patterned. The frontal efferents may exert their influence in a general fashion by blocking disrupting inputs to the regions that they serve or, possibly, by acting to stabilize the then current pattern of graded responses by adjusting local feedback loops. The frontal eugranular isocortex evolved as part of a biological interface that couples the flickering evanescence of the neocortical information-processing systems to the plodding neural elements of the more primitive layers of the brain. The dorsolateral frontal cortex in particular has been portrayed as part of a buffer register, which stabilizes allassostatic readjustments until appropriate internal or external responses have been completed. If anything at all is stored within the substance of the frontal cortex, even temporarily, it is not the dying image of a spatial past but a pattern of efferent activity that promotes the completion of any plan being executed.
SU-F-T-313: Clinical Results of a New Customer Acceptance Test for Elekta VMAT

Purpose: To report the results of a customer acceptance test (CAT) for VMAT treatments for two matched Elekta linear accelerators. Methods: The CAT tests were performed on two clinically matched Elekta linear accelerators equipped with a 160-leaf MLC. Functional tests included performance checks of the control system during dynamic movements of the diaphragms, MLC, and gantry. Dosimetric tests included MLC picket fence tests at static and variable dose rates and a diaphragm alignment test, all performed using the on-board EPID. Additionally, beam symmetry during arc delivery was measured at the four cardinal angles for high and low dose rate modes using a 2D detector array. Results of the dosimetric tests were analyzed using the VMAT CAT analysis tool. Results: Linear accelerator 1 (LN1) met all stated CAT tolerances. Linear accelerator 2 (LN2) passed the geometric, beam symmetry, and MLC position error tests but failed the relative dose average test for the diaphragm abutment and all three picket fence fields. Though peak doses in the abutment regions were consistent, the average dose was below the stated tolerance corresponding to a leaf junction that was too narrow. Despite this, no significant differences in patient specific VMAT quality assurance measured were observed between the accelerators and both passed monthly MLC quality assurance performed with the Hancock test. Conclusion: Results from the CAT showed LN2 with relative dose averages in the abutment regions of the diaphragm and MLC tests outside the tolerances resulting from differences in leaf gap distances. Tolerances of the dose average tests from the CAT may be small enough to detect MLC errors which do not significantly affect patient QA or the routine MLC tests.