cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low-temperature compatible I–V converter

Abstract A novel design of a current-to-voltage ( I–V ) converter is described that shows a superior bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio. It solves the problem of the nonuniform transfer function in the feedback loop of I–V converters with measuring resistors larger than 1 GΩ. The input stage including four junction field effect transistors (FET) and the linearized measuring resistor have been integrated into a single TO-8 housing. Since junction FET's are not dependent on minority carriers, they can be operated at variable temperature with no degradation of performance. The signal-to-noise ratio is improved when the preamplifier can be cooled down to liquid nitrogen temperature or lower. The preamplifier needs five connections to the main stage, one of which is the signal ground. Even with a large separation between the preamplifier and the main stage, the bandwidth exceeds 1 MHz.
PREPARATION OF 3H-VITAMIN D3, USING COLUMN AND THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY.

Abstract Vitamin D3 was prepared by two different methods as reported by others, i.e., (a) the tritiation of 7-dehydrocholesterol by the Wilzbach procedure with subsequent conversion to vitamin D3 and (b) the direct tritiation of vitamin D3 −190° under nitrogen. A combination of column and thin-layer chromatographic procedures were necessary to purify the product resulting from procedure (a), primarily due to the presence of a pink by-product (after SbCl3 treatment) arising from the degradation of 7-dehydrocholesterol. Purification of the product resulting from procedure (b) could be affected on thin-layer chromatographic plates alone. A solvent is described TLC plates.
Effect of prostaglandin D2 and I2 on the airways of rhesus monkeys

Abstract Prostaglandin (PG) D 2 and PGI 2 were evaluated to determine their effect on pulmonary function parameters when aerosolized in anesthetized rhesus monkeys. PGD 2 resulted in an increase in frequency (f) and pulmonary resistance (R L ) and a decrease in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), tidal volume (V T ), and dynamic compliance (Cdyn), with the major effect on R L . PGI 2 primarily effected an increase in f and a decrease in PEFR and V T . PGI 2 had a variable effect, generally a decrease, on R L . The metabolite of PGI 2 , 6-keto-PGF 1α , had no effect on the rhesus airway. PGF 2α responses were similar to PGD 2 except that the PGF 2α produced a less strikingly consistent increase in R L . When PGI 2 and PGD 2 were aerosolized simultaneously, they simulated previously described antigen responses. Further, PGI 2 plus PGD 2 produced an airway response at 110 the concentration of either agent alone.
Detection of tumor-specific cell surface antigen of simian virus 40-induced tumors by the isotopic antiglobulin technique.

Simian virus 40 (SV40) tumor-specific cell surface antigen (TSSA) was assayed by the isotopic antiglobulin technique. Antisera were produced by immunization of A/LN mice with syngeneic SV40-induced tumor designated SV-A/LN. Positive reactions were only obtained with SV40-transformed mouse or hamster cells which possessed both SV40 TSTA (tumor-specific transplantation antigen) and T antigen. Negative reactions were obtained with untransformed cells or non-SV40 tumors. The T antigen-negative cells (“T- S+” by Tevethia et al., 1968), which lack TSTA and viral RNA or viral DNA, also gave negative reactions. Absorption experiments further confirmed the specificity. These results showed that the SV40 TSSA detected by the isotopic antiglobulin technique was virus-specific, and was correlated with the expression of TSTA. Detection, par la Technique des Antiglobulines Isotopes, de L'antigbne de la Surface Cellulaire Specifique des Tumeurs Induites par le Virus Simien 40 L'antigene (TSSA) de la surface cellulaire specifique des tumeurs induites par le virus simien 40 (SV40) a ete recherche par la technique des antiglobulines isotopes. Les antiserums ont ete obtenus par immunisation de souris A/LN au moyen de cellules syngeneiques de tumeurs induites par le SV40 et appelees VS-A/LN. Les reactions n'ont ete positives quavec des cellules de hamster ou de souris transformees par le SV40 et possedant a la fois le TSTA (antigene de transplantation specifique de la tumeur) du SV40 et l'antigene T. Des reactions negatives se sont produites avec les cellules non transformees ou les tumeurs non induites par le SV40. Pour les cellules negatives envers l'antigene T (“T-S+” de Thevethia et al.), qui ne contiennent pas de TSTA ni d'ARN ou d'ADN viral, les reactions ont aussi ete negatives. Les experiences d'absorption ont encore confirme la specificite. Ces resultats montrent que le TSSA du SV40 decele par la technique des antiglobulines isotopes est specifique du virus et est en correlation avec l'expression du TSTA.
Forced plumes and mixing of liquids in tanks

We consider the mixing between two miscible liquids of slightly different density (< 10%) when one of them (cargo) is injected into a tank partially filled with the other (inventory). The injection of the cargo is such that buoyancy and inertia act in concert on the plume produced by the cargo. The two basic processes that govern the mixing of the two liquids in the tank are the entrainment of tank liquid by the plume and the tank circulation set up by this entrainment and by the plume discharge. Unlike plumes in an environment of infinite extent, the plume in this case changes its environment continuously, which, in turn, has a continuously-varying effect on the plume. A mathematical model for the mixing of the two liquids is presented, from which one can compute the tank stratification that may result when given amounts of cargo and inventory are thus mixed. Plume entrainment theory is used for the plume dynamics and a ‘filling-box’ model is used for the tank circulation. The partial differential equations of the model are integrated by an original and unique numerical method. The problem was also treated experimentally. The tank stratification is expressed in terms of a normalized density-difference variable δ. Except for some very localized large discrepancies, due to certain local effects not included in the model, computed and experimental profiles of δ agree very well, their maximum and average deviations being within 4 and 2%, respectively. It is found that values of the empirical plume parameters α and λ that are used commonly for steady plumes in environments of infinite extent are approximately right for the time-dependent plumes under consideration too.
Self-Objectification, Disordered Eating, and Depression: A Test of Mediational Pathways

Objectification theory asserts that poor interoceptive awareness and features of anxiety, such as social anxiety, may be two potential mechanisms that place women at risk for both eating disorders ...
Inflammation, Neointimal Hyperplasia, and Restenosis As the Leukocytes Roll, the Arteries Thicken

Inflammatory response is triggered when tissues are exposed to a variety of insults. This response consists of a cascade of events that includes release of various chemical mediators and recruitment of circulating blood cells (platelets and leukocytes) to the site of injury and their subsequent activation. The inflammatory response attempts to contain the damaging effects of the insult, leading to recovery from its injurious effects. However, when normal checkpoints that limit continuing or ongoing inflammation fail, inflammatory response can become a liability that leads to a diverse group of diseases, including atherosclerosis and thrombosis. A large body of evidence has implicated inflammation in the initiation, progression, and destabilization of atherosclerotic vascular disease, linking many of the known risk factors to atherothrombosis.1,2 However, the role of inflammation in other vaso-occlusive disorders, such as neointimal thickening after mechanical injury to arteries during angioplasty and/or stenting, is not as well appreciated. Neointimal thickening after mechanical injury predominantly consists of a fibroproliferative reaction initially involving proliferating smooth muscle cells and later dominated by accumulation of extracellular matrix. Neointimal thickening plays a decisive role in restenosis after stenting because stenting essentially precludes constrictive remodeling, whereas postangioplasty restenosis involves elastic recoil and constrictive or negative vessel wall remodeling (vessel shrinkage) in addition to neointimal thickening. An improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to neointimal thickening after mechanical injury would pave the way for development of novel therapeutic approaches for prevention of restenosis, which has remained the Achilles’ heel of endovascular interventions. See p 2244 Several lines of evidence have suggested that platelet/fibrin deposition and activation of inflammatory genes, followed by increased leukocyte trafficking into the injured vessel wall, may provide a key stimulus for subsequent neointima formation.3–7 Although most experimental studies have identified mononuclear leukocytes (monocyte-macrophage lineage) as the primary inflammatory cell types, …
Protection tradeoffs against partial-band and multiple-access interference in frequency-hopping networks

Error-correcting codes designed to suppress partial-band interference in frequency-hopping networks exploit the nonbinary symbols of MFSK modulation. However, binary symbols allow more frequency channels and, hence, are more effective against both multiple-access interference and worst-case multitone jamming. It is shown that if the system latency and computational complexity of turbo codes cannot be accommodated, then there is a tradeoff in the choice of the modulation. The more one chooses to protect against partial-band interference, the less the protection against multiple-access interference and multitone jamming.
Discretization Error Analysis and Adaptive Meshing Algorithms for Fluorescence Diffuse Optical Tomography: Part II

For imaging problems in which numerical solutions need to be computed for both the inverse and the underlying forward problems, discretization can be a major factor that determines the accuracy of imaging. In this work, we analyze the effect of discretization on the accuracy of fluorescence diffuse optical tomography. We model the forward problem by a pair of diffusion equations at the excitation and emission wavelengths and consider a finite element discretization method for the numerical solution of the forward problem. For the inverse problem, we use an optimization framework which allows incorporation of a priori information in the form of zeroth- and first-order Tikhonov regularization terms. Next, we convert the inverse problem into a variational problem and use Galerkin projection to discretize the inverse problem. Following the discretization, we analyze the error in reconstructed images due to the discretization of the forward and inverse problems and present two theorems which point out the factors that may lead to high error such as the mutual dependence of the forward and inverse problems, the number of sources and detectors, their configuration and their positions with respect to fluorophore concentration, and the formulation of the inverse problem. Finally, we demonstrate the results and implications of our error analysis by numerical experiments. In the second part of the paper, we apply our results to design novel adaptive discretization algorithms.
Webs of support and engaged accountability: weaving community and making meaning of learning and teaching in an information age

This dissertation explores political, social, economic, cultural, pedagogical, and technological challenges facing education and educators in the 21st century. The tensions surrounding educational communication technologies and the debate over the capacity or incapacity of these technologies to facilitate human connection, rather than disconnection, reverberate through each chapter. The first chapter provides a general introduction to the three articles that follow and the fifth chapter provides a general conclusion for the dissertation. The second chapter interrogates definitions and conceptions of community, culture, and communications, and explores the possibilities of creating supportive communities for educators online through computer-mediated communication (CMC). The third chapter investigates learning theories and articulates connections between pedagogical practices and emerging conceptions of authentic, connected, learning communities. The fourth chapter follows the history of technological permutations of boundaries, reconfigurations of social spaces, alterations of senses of time and place, and redefinitions of what counts as knowledge and learning. Throughout this dissertation it is argued that educators must go beyond either-or thinking to facilitate connections and relationships, and to make meaning of teaching and learning in the 21st century. Corporeal as well as online Webs of Support and Engaged Accountability (WoSEA) are proposed as approaches that might help transform schools into the authentic social enterprises that educational theorist John Dewey called schools to become back at the turn of the 20th century.
Positive behaviors during marital conflict: Influences on stress hormones

To examine the independent and interactive contribution of positive and negative behaviors during marital conflict to changes in adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol, behavioral and endocrine data were collected from 90 newlywed couples during a 30-minute conflict task. Positive and negative behaviors were coded by the Marital Interaction Coding System. High levels of husbands' positive behavior and high couple negativity were related to steeper ACTH and cortisol declines in wives. Low levels of wives' positive behavior and high couple negativity were related to flatter declines in wives' cortisol. Supportiveness during highly negative interactions contributed to steeper ACTH and cortisol declines in wives, suggesting that constructively engaging in discussions promotes adaptive physiological responses to interpersonal conflict.
Reconfigurable multi-band twin-PIFA antennas for Wi-Fi/WiMAX and WWAN services on a multi-radio laptop platform

A novel reconfigurable multi-band PIFA antenna is introduced here. It can support the GSM850 and PCS services in one configuration and the WiFi/WiMAX frequencies in the other. With its low profile, it can be embedded into laptop lids. Meanwhile, p-i-n diodes have been utilized and integrated with the antenna with a simple and novel DC bias scheme. This structure, with its demonstrated excellent gain and omni-directional performance can be utilized for multi-radio laptop platforms.
Privacy Preserving Collaborative Enforcement of Firewall Policies in Virtual Private Networks

The widely deployed Virtual Private Network (VPN) technology allows roaming users to build an encrypted tunnel to a VPN server, which, henceforth, allows roaming users to access some resources as if that computer were residing on their home organization's network. Although VPN technology is very useful, it imposes security threats on the remote network because its firewall does not know what traffic is flowing inside the VPN tunnel. To address this issue, we propose VGuard, a framework that allows a policy owner and a request owner to collaboratively determine whether the request satisfies the policy without the policy owner knowing the request and the request owner knowing the policy. We first present an efficient protocol, called Xhash, for oblivious comparison, which allows two parties, where each party has a number, to compare whether they have the same number, without disclosing their numbers to each other. Then, we present the VGuard framework that uses Xhash as the basic building block. The basic idea of VGuard is to first convert a firewall policy to nonoverlapping numerical rules and then use Xhash to check whether a request matches a rule. Comparing with the Cross-Domain Cooperative Firewall (CDCF) framework, which represents the state-of-the-art, VGuard is not only more secure but also orders of magnitude more efficient. On real-life firewall policies, for processing packets, our experimental results show that VGuard is three to four orders of magnitude faster than CDCF.
Surgical treatment of carotid paragangliomas presenting unusual technical difficulties: The value of preoperative embolization

Abstract Although the application of reconstructive vascular surgical procedures to the treatment of carotid paragangliomas has made their resection the method of choice and has produced excellent cure rates, it has not obviated some of the technical problems presented by excessively vascular, adherent, or bulky lesions. Our experience with preoperative transcatheter embolization for the reduction of the vascularity in six cases of this group of lesions is presented and the conclusion is made that preoperative embolization greatly reduced operative technical difficulties. (J VASC SURG 1988;7:631-7.)
The Influence of Racial Identity Profiles on the Relationship Between Racial Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms

This study examined the association between racial identity profiles, discrimination, and mental health outcomes. African American college students (N = 194) completed measures of racial discrimination, racial identity, college hassles, and depressive symptoms. Four meaningful profiles emerged through a cluster analysis of seven dimensions of racial identity assessed using the Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity (MIBI). Results suggested racial identity moderates the relation between discrimination and depressive symptoms. Students whose racial identity profile involves the goal of blending with the mainstream and focusing on shared human qualities rather than race as a core ideological concept had a significantly stronger association between racial discrimination and depressive symptoms. The results hold implications for investigating the experience of racial discrimination and conceptualization of racial identity.
The Infrared and Ultraviolet Spectra of Individual Conformational Isomers of Biomolecules: Tryptamine

Resonant ion-dip infrared (RIDIR) and UV−UV hole-burning spectroscopies are used to record the hydride stretch infrared spectra and S1←S0 ultraviolet spectra of each of seven conformational isomers of tryptamine free from interference from one another. The different conformations of the ethylamine side chain produce unique S1←S0 vibronic spectra, which can serve as the basis for RIDIR spectroscopy. The seven conformers possess unique spectral signatures in the alkyl CH stretch region of the infrared, which aid in the assignment of the observed transitions in the ultraviolet. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the structures, relative energies, and harmonic vibrational frequencies of nine low-energy minima are compared with the present and previous experimental data on tryptamine to assign the spectra of all seven conformers, all of which point the α carbon out of the plane of the indole ring. The nine conformers consist of all combinations of the three minimum-energy amino group positions (an...
Violence Against Women Outcome Complexity and Implications for Assessment and Treatment

This article reviews the major forms of violence against women, including sexual assault, intimate-relationship violence, and stalking and outlines the known psychological effects of such victimization. Also discussed are a number of variables that combine to determine the effects of such victimization, including type and characteristics of the assault; victim variables such as demographics, psychological reactions at the time of the trauma, previous victimization history, current or previous psychological difficulties, and general coping style; and sociocultural factors such as poverty, social inequality, and inadequate social support. The implications of this complexity are explored in terms of psychological assessment and the frequent need for multitarget, multimodal treatment approaches.
Australia antigen in acute and chronic liver disease.

Abstract The sera of 389 patients with biopsy-documented acute and chronic liver disease and of 135 healthy controls were tested for Australia (Au) antigen by a modification of the micro-Ouchterlony double-diffusion technique. The two sera used as antibody, which contained a high titre of anti-Au, were obtained from a multiply-transfused haemophiliac and a chronic-haemodialysis-unit nurse who had been exposed to viral hepatitis, but had never had the disease. These anti-Au sera, when tested against reference sera containing Au antigen, gave reactions of identity with human and rabbit anti-Au sera and human anti-SH serum. Au antigen was detected in the serum of 46 (52%) of 88 patients with acute viral hepatitis, 11 (38%) of 29 with prolonged viral hepatitis, 6 (25%) of 24 with chronic active hepatitis, but in none of the 135 controls and in only 3 of the remaining 248 patients with other forms of acute and chronic liver disease. In each of the latter 3 cases, Au antigen was detected in the serum a few days after multiple transfusions of whole blood. In viral hepatitis, Au antigen was encountered most frequently in infections of unknown type (67%), less commonly in "serum-hepatitis " infections (49%), and least commonly in " infectious-hepatitis " infections (25%). The data confirm previous reports that Au antigen can be detected in the serum of a high proportion of patients with acute viral hepatitis, and demonstrate that, in prolonged viral hepatitis, the antigen may persist for months or years, disappearing only when the disease becomes inactive. In addition, they attest to the specificity of the Au antigen for viral hepatitis, and provide supporting evidence for the view that persistent infection with the hepatitis virus may play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic active hepatitis.
Engineering optical space with metamaterials

Metamaterials are expected to open a gateway to unprecedented electromagnetic properties and functionality unattainable from naturally occurring materials, thus enabling a family of new "meta-devices". We review this new emerging field and significant progress in developing metamaterials for the optical part of the spectrum. Specifically, we describe recently demonstrated artificial magnetism across the whole visible, negative-index in the optical range, and promising approaches along with challenges in realizing optical cloaking. The new paradigm of engineering space for light with transformation optics will be also discussed.
Constructing Virtual Architectures on a Tiled Processor

As the amount of available silicon resources on one chip increases, we have seen the advent of ever increasing parallel resources integrated on-chip. Many architectures use these resources as individually controllable, parallel processing elements. While such architectures excel at parallel applications, they seldom support legacy single-threaded applications. In this work, we propose using parallel resources to facilitate execution of legacy codes with acceptable performance on parallel architectures containing a drastically different instruction set through the use of an all software parallel dynamic binary translation engine. This engine spatially implements different portions of a superscalar processor across distinct parallel elements thus exploiting the pipeline parallelism inherent in a superscalar. This virtual micro architecture facilitates changing the allocation of silicon resources between different superscalar units in software which is not possible when special purpose physical resources are built. We propose building dynamically reconfigurable architectures that inspect the current virtual machine configuration along with the dynamic instruction stream and change the configuration to best suit the program's needs at runtime. An x86 to Raw parallel translation engine was built in which tiles dedicated to translation can be traded for tiles dedicated to the memory system as an example of dynamic reconfiguration.
Repeated heroin administration increases extracellular opioid peptide- like immunoreactivity in the globus pallidus/ventral pallidum of freely moving rats

Microdialysis was used to investigate the effects of heroin administration on extracellular opioid peptide levels in the globus pallidus/ventral pallidum of freely moving rats. Two injections of heroin (0.6 mg/ kg IP) were given 3 h apart. The first injection had no significant effect on opioid peptide levels, but the second injection produced a transient yet significant increase (+268%) in opioid peptide-like immunoreactivity in pallidal dialysates, peaking 1 h after injection. This effect was blocked by administration of naloxone (3 mg/kg IP) prior to the second injection. The implications of these data are discussed with regards to the role of the endogenous opioid peptide system in opiate reward.
Synthetic Lethality Reveals Mechanisms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Resistance to β-Lactams

Most -lactam antibiotics are ineffective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis due to the microbe's innate resistance. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains has prompted interest to repurpose this class of drugs. To identify the genetic determinants of innate -lactam resistance, we carried out a synthetic lethality screen on a transposon mutant library for susceptibility to imipenem, a carbapenem -lactam antibiotic. Mutations in 74 unique genes demonstrated synthetic lethality. The majority of mutations were in genes associated with cell wall biosynthesis. A second quan- titative real-time PCR (qPCR)-based synthetic lethality screen of randomly selected mutants confirmed the role of cell wall bio- synthesis in-lactam resistance. The global transcriptional response of the bacterium to -lactams was investigated, and changes in levels of expression of cell wall biosynthetic genes were identified. Finally, we validated these screens in vivo using the MT1616 transposon mutant, which lacks a functional acyl-transferase gene. Mice infected with the mutant responded to -lactam treatment with a 100-fold decrease in bacillary lung burden over 4 weeks, while the numbers of organisms in the lungs of mice infected with wild-type bacilli proliferated. These findings reveal a road map of genes required for -lactam resistance and validate synthetic lethality screening as a promising tool for repurposing existing classes of licensed, safe, well-characterized antimicrobials against tuberculosis. IMPORTANCE The global emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains has threatened public health worldwide, yet the pipeline of new tuberculosis drugs under development remains limited. One strategy to cope with the urgent need for new antituberculosis agents is to repurpose existing, approved antibiotics. The carbapenem class of -lactam antibiotics has been proposed as one such class of drugs. Our study identifies molecular determinants of innate resis- tance to -lactam drugs in M. tuberculosis, and we demonstrate that functional loss of one of these genes enables successful treatment of M. tuberculosis with -lactams in the mouse model.
Pathogenic FBN1 variants in familial thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections

Marfan syndrome (MFS) due to mutations in FBN1 is a known cause of thoracic aortic aneurysms and acute aortic dissections (TAAD) associated with pleiotropic manifestations. Genetic predisposition to TAAD can also be inherited in families in the absence of syndromic features, termed familial TAAD (FTAAD), and several causative genes have been identified to date. FBN1 mutations can also be identified in FTAAD families, but the frequency of these mutations has not been established. We performed exome sequencing of 183 FTAAD families and identified pathogenic FBN1 variants in five (2.7%) of these families. We also identified eight additional FBN1 rare variants that could not be unequivocally classified as disease-causing in six families. FBN1 sequencing should be considered in individuals with FTAAD even without significant systemic features of MFS.
Predictors of serum retinol in children with shigellosis

Background: Low serum retinol can be useful as an indicator of depleted liver vitamin A stores, particularly in population-based studies. However, serum retinol concentrations decrease transiently during infection, independent of any changes in liver stores. The magnitude of the decrease in serum retinol is often proportional to indicators of disease severity. Objective: We examined the relation of serum retinol in children with culture-positive shigellosis with severity of illness, anthropometric indicators of nutritional status, urinary retinol excretion, and serum concentrations of C-reactive protein, a1-acid glycoprotein, retinol binding protein, and transthyretin. Design: This was a prospective study assessing the clinical and laboratory measurements at admission and recovery of 90 children with dysentery (66 with shigellosis) hospitalized in Bangladesh. Results: Serum retinol concentrations were low at admission but were significantly greater at discharge even though no vitamin A supplements were given during the illness (0.36 ∠ 0.22 compared with 1.15 ∠ 0.50 mmol/L, P < 0.001). Serum retinol concentrations were lower in children with Shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection than in children with shigellosis due to less virulent strains of Shigella. Low serum retinol was independently associated with S. dysenteriae type 1, high serum C-reactive protein concentrations, and low weight-forage in multiple regression analysis. Conclusions: This study showed that shigellosis was associated with a significant, transient decrease in serum retinol concentrations of <0.8 mmol/L, and that this change was significantly associated with severity of disease and poor underlying nutritional status, particularly low weight-for-age. Am J Clin Nutr1998;68:1088‐94.
Forecasting the Effects of Fertility Control on Overabundant Ungulates: White-Tailed Deer in the National Capital Region

Overabundant populations of ungulates have caused environmental degradation and loss of biological diversity in ecosystems throughout the world. Culling or regulated harvest is often used to control overabundant species. These methods are difficult to implement in national parks, other types of conservation reserves, or in residential areas where public hunting may be forbidden by policy. As a result, fertility control has been recommended as a non-lethal alternative for regulating ungulate populations. We evaluate this alternative using white-tailed deer in national parks in the vicinity of Washington, D.C., USA as a model system. Managers seek to reduce densities of white-tailed deer from the current average (50 deer per km2) to decrease harm to native plant communities caused by deer. We present a Bayesian hierarchical model using 13 years of population estimates from 8 national parks in the National Capital Region Network. We offer a novel way to evaluate management actions relative to goals using short term forecasts. Our approach confirms past analyses that fertility control is incapable of rapidly reducing deer abundance. Fertility control can be combined with culling to maintain a population below carrying capacity with a high probability of success. This gives managers confronted with problematic overabundance a framework for implementing management actions with a realistic assessment of uncertainty.
Versuche an Molluskeneiern

Die Versuche an Molluskeneiern sind noeh sehr sparlich. Im Jahre 1902 gelang es Kostanecki, die ersten Furchungsvorgange (2 bis 4 Zellen) bei den unbefruchteten Eiern einer Molluske (Mactra) dadurch hervorzurufen, das er dieselben 2 Stunden lang hypertonischem Seewasser aussetzte. 1) Im Jahre 1903 zeigte ich, das es moglich ist, die unbefruchteten Eier anderer Mollusken, Lottia gigantea und mehrerer Formen von Acmaea, durch Behandlung mit hypertonischem Seewasser zu schwimmenden Larven zu veranlassen. 2) Die Methode bestand im allgemeinen darin, das solche Eier 2 Stunden lang in eine Mischung von 50 ccm Seewasser + 10 ccm 21/2 n NaCl gebracht wurden. Die Zahl der sich entwickelnden Larven war stets klein (etwa nur 2 bis 5 Prozent der Eier) und ihre Lebensfahigkeit gering.
The martian lake chronicles

Ray Bradbury's science-fictional archaeologist character, Hinkston, in The Martian Chronicles , thought: “Well, I think I'd rearrange the civilization on Mars so it resembled Earth more and more each day. If there was any way of reproducing every plant, every road, and every lake, and even an ocean, I'd do so. Then by some vast crowd hypnosis I'd convince everyone in a town this size that this really was Earth, not Mars at all.” Hinkston may have his way without the need for hypnosis, because the latest discoveries on Mars geology, reported in this issue on page 177 by Grotzinger et al. ( 1 ), reveal records of lakes and other environments that remarkably resemble Earth. These findings provide “a good read” through the stratigraphic record of Mars, with tales of moving sand and pebble grains from ancient rivers to past lakes.
Red Imported Fire Ant: Laboratory Tests with Additional Candidate Bait Toxicants

A screening program was initiated in 1970 to evaluate various candidate chemicals as potential replacements for mirex in baits for control of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, Buren.
Engineering Radial Deformations in Single-Walled Carbon and Boron Nitride Nanotubes Using Ultrathin Nanomembranes

Radial deformations of carbon and boron-nitride nanotubes are of great importance to their respective electronic properties and applications. In this paper, we present a simple and practical approach of engineering radial deformations in single-walled carbon and boron-nitride nanotubes (SWCNTs and SW-BNNTs) through covering individual nanotubes lying on flat substrates with subnanometer-thick monolayer graphene oxide (GO) nanomembranes. The GO membrane conforms to and transversely compresses the underlying nanotube as a result of its adhesion binding interaction with the substrate. Our atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging measurements reveal that the engineered net radial deformations of both types of tubes increase with the tube diameter and are more for SW-BNNTs compared with SWCNTs of the same tube diameter. Our results capture the net cross-section height reductions of up to 44.1% for SW-BNNTs and up to 29.7% for SWCNTs. Our work clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposed approach for eng...
Revelation of Power Information Security From Japan Nuclear Accident

Tokyo nuclear power accident has highlighted great concerns, and has also a profound effect. Measures taken by Tokyo Electric Power Company resulted in serious dissatisfaction of international community, Japanese government and domestic audiences because of underestimation of accident, delayed response, lacking means, and low information transparency, and the crisis turn up rapidly. We draw profound lessons from Fukushima nuclear power plant accident, and there is a great significance for power electric enterprises to deeply analyze root causes of the accident in order to improve information operation security.
The analysis of the nurseries disinfection monitoring in Luogang District,Guangzhou

Objective In the study area, to understand the disinfection quality in nurseries and provide a scientific basis for the health and education sectors, identify the problems in the management of nurseries disinfection, analyze and explore the area nurseries disinfection management. Methods Scene random sampling method was used to test the nurseries indoor air, surfaces,toys, hand surface, the use of disinfectants, UV light irradiation intensity and the student canteen food(drink), and the statistical analysis was conducted. Results 31 nurseries were monitored nurseries with nine categories of 945 samples, with 689 qualified, and a passing rate of 72.91%. Passing rates for the large, medium and small nurseries were 69.70%, 76.63%, 83.33%, respectively, with a significant difference(P0.05); Passing rates for public, private childcare institutions were 94.87% and 68.06%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant(P0.05). Passing rates for indoor air, surface, toys, hand surface, tableware, use of disinfectants and disinfection UV light irradiation intensity qualified rate were 96.69%, 82.52%, 83.22%, 50.68%, 81.54%, 100.00%and 42.24%, respectively, with a significant difference(P0.05). Conclusion Strengthen the training and technical guidance of disinfection technology in private nurseries to improve hand disinfection and surface radiation intensity UV light passing rates.
Atomistic Nature of Stress in Polymer Networks

The principles of macroscopic thermodynamics applied to experimental observations of the thermomechanical behavior of rubber clearly demonstrate the entropic character of rubber elasticity. That is, the restoring force acting on a piece of stretched rubber is primarily due to its change in entropy, rather than to its change in internal energy. This was established by the work of Kelvin1 and Joule2 in the middle of the last century. After the nature of macromolecules was recognized in the 1920–s, primarily through the work of Staudinger3, it became clear that an isolated long-chain molecule in thermal motion would behave as an entropic spring; a tensile applied force is required to maintain a given end-to-end distance of the chain since its configurational entropy increases as this distance decreases4. It appeared to be natural, then, to regard the entropic spring concept as the basis for the observed macroscopic entropic behavior of rubber and rubber-like solids. In fact, this concept has played the central role in the development of the classical molecular theory of rubber elasticity and continues to play a central role in current theories.
Silicon-based anodes for lithium-ion batteries: Effectiveness of materials synthesis and electrode preparation

Abstract Lithium-ion batteries are widely used throughout the world for portable electronic devices and mobile phones and show great potential for more demanding applications like electric vehicles. Unfortunately, lithium-ion batteries still lack the required level of energy storage to completely meet the demands of such applications as electric vehicles. Among advanced materials being studied, silicon nanoparticles have demonstrated great potential as an anode material to replace the commonly used graphite. Silicon has been shown to have a high theoretical gravimetric capacity, approximately 4200 mA h/g, compared to only 372 mA h/g for graphite. Though silicon nanoparticles have remarkably high capacity, they suffer from rapid degradation with each cycle due to electrode volume expansion of approximately 400% during lithiation, placing a large strain on the material. With each cycle that strain creates cracks in the electrode particles and causes them to break down into smaller particles, which create void spaces between the particles and lead to poor contact as reflected in poor conductivity. In this review, we discuss exciting new research on silicon-based anodes conducted during the past couple of years. Besides stressing the importance of well-designed nanostructures of Si, we focus on optimization of the Si electrode and resulting performance enhancement by properly selecting binders and synergistically integrating them with various carbon materials during electrode design and fabrication. Importantly, although each improvement strategy has its own advantage, appropriate combination of them will yield much higher anode performance. We summarize the core issues in developing the silicon anode and effective strategies in yielding more promising results.
Effects of tunable acidity and basicity of Nb-KIT-6 catalysts on ethanol conversion: Experiments and kinetic modeling

The relative amounts of acidic and basic sites in niobium-containing ordered mesoporous silicates (Nb-KIT-6) are tunable with metal loading. The acidity and basicity change from 0.11 to 0.34 mmol NH3-equiv./g cat. and 0.17 to 0.31 mmol CO2-equiv./g cat., respectively, as the Nb loading is increased from 1.5% to 10.9%. This work harnesses this unique feature to better understand acidity and basicity effects on ethanol conversion activity and product selectivity. It is shown that the yields of ethylene and acetaldehyde, the dominant products, are tuned with Nb loading. Catalyst characterization results and designed kinetic experiments provide evidence of acid-base pairs involved in the formation of various products. A macrosite kinetic model based on these observations and published mechanistic pathways fits the data for formation of the major products (ethylene, acetaldehyde, diethyl ether, and ethane) remarkably well. These results provide guidance for the rational design of bifunctional mesoporous materials exhibiting tunable acidity and basicity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Attachment and Self-Efficacy in Career Search Activities: A Structural Model

The author integrated attachment theory with social cognitive career theory (SCCT) to examine how attachment styles influence the career search self-efficacy activities of interviewing, networking, job searching, and personal exploration. Using an undergraduate sample (N = 275, 81% women), the author tested a structural model. Results indicated that anxious attachment style was negatively related to interviewing self-efficacy, whereas avoidant attachment style was negatively related to networking, job searching, and personal exploration self-efficacy. Theoretical implications based on these findings provide support for an integrative model of attachment theory with SCCT. Career counselors are encouraged to consider clients’ attachment styles when working with individuals who are searching for employment. To help address the limitations of the study, future researchers could test the applicability of the current model with a more diverse sample.
Choreography for One, Two, and Three Legs (A phenomenological meditation in movements)

‘Choreography for One, Two, and Three Legs’ approaches the intentional formation of bodily movement and expression from the various perspectives of individuals who are ‘differently abled.’ Exploring what it is for a non-dancer to experience various rhythms and movements and spaces with crutches, prosthetic leg, and cane, the essay interweaves phenomenological description and interpretation of suddenly defamiliarized daily activities with discourse drawn from the experiences of professional dancers who are ‘differently abled’. The aim is to foreground the opacities, transparencies, and ambiguities of a more general sense of embodied and expressive movement that subtends the abled and ‘differently abled’ and the non-dancer and dancer, and to acknowledge the lived and living body as the common ground that enables all of our thoughts, movements, and modes of expression, however differentiated their myriad forms and satisfactions.
Glioblastoma multiforme presenting with an open ring pattern of enhancement on MR imaging.

Background Intracerebral ring enhancing lesions can be the presentation of a variety of pathologies, including neoplasia, inflammation, and autoimmune demyelination. Use of a precise diagnostic algorithm is imperative in correctly treating these lesions and minimizing potential adverse treatment effects. Case description A 55-year-old patient presented to the hospital with complaints of a post-concussive syndrome and a non-focal neurologic exam. Imaging revealed a lesion with an open ring enhancement pattern, minimal surrounding vasogenic edema, and minimal mass effect. Given the minimal mass effect, small size of the lesion, and nonfocal neurological exam, we elected to pursue a comprehensive noninvasive neurologic workup because our differential ranged from inflammatory/infectious to neoplasm. Over the next 8 weeks, the patient's condition worsened, and repeat imaging showed marked enlargement of the lesion with a now closed ring pattern of enhancement with satellite lesions and a magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy and perfusion signature suggestive of neoplasm. The patient was taken to surgery for biopsy and debulking of the lesion. Surgical neuropathology examination revealed glioblastoma multiforme. Conclusion The unique open ring enhancement pattern of this lesion on initial imaging is highly specific for a demyelinating process, however, high-grade glial neoplasms can also present with complex and irregular ring enhancement including an open ring sign. Therefore, other imaging modalities should be used, and close follow-up is warranted when the open ring sign is encountered.
Utilization of an Integrated Electronic Health Record in the Emergency Department to Increase Prospective Medication Order Review by Pharmacists.

Purpose:The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of an integrated medical record system on prospective medication order verification by pharmacists in the emergency department (ED) of ...
Mesh-free hierarchical clustering methods for fast evaluation of electrostatic interactions of point multipoles

Electrostatic interactions involving point multipoles are being increasingly implemented to achieve higher accuracy in molecular simulations. A major drawback of multipolar electrostatics is the increased computational cost. Here we develop and compare two Cartesian tree algorithms which employ Taylor approximations and hierarchical clustering to speed up the evaluation of point multipole interactions. We present results from applying the algorithms to compute the free space Coulomb potential and forces of different sets of interacting point multipoles with different densities. The methods achieve high accuracy and speedup of more than an order of magnitude over direct sum calculations and scale well in parallel.
Modern Glaciomarine Environments and Sediments: An Antarctic Perspective

Abstract This chapter will cover the depositional processes and products of glacial marine settings with an emphasis on Antarctica. There have been several well-researched books published exclusively on glacial marine deposits and processes, an excellent annotated bibliography, several workshop volumes, several excellent chapters in other volumes, and some very good review articles more recently. There are also two published atlases which go a long way towards placing glacial marine sediments into a proper context with respect to seafloor morphology and stratigraphy. We focus on Antarctic systems because that is where our expertise jointly lies. In this chapter, we summarize the justification for studying of glacial marine deposits and what these can offer in terms of understanding the earth’s past climate evolution and its apparent trajectory. We cover more topics than usual in such works, including new data on ice shelf sedimentation, biogenic interactions, evolving proxies for provenance and palaeoceanographic reconstruction, volcanic process, and a look at deep time in glaciomarine stratigraphy.
Leasing and Stages of Offshore Development

Offshore wind development is a capital intensive, large-scale, technology-driven process involving significant interactions among the developer, the contractors, and the seabed owner. Since offshore waters are publicly held, a government agency is tasked with balancing access by multiple users, ensuring environmental stewardship and a fair return on use. In this chapter we outline the stages of offshore wind development and review the structure of existing state and federal offshore wind leases. We begin by defining the jurisdictions for offshore sites and provide a general description of the development process. Leasing in Texas state waters and the Federal process administered by the BOEMRE are highlighted.