cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temperature effects on bumper hole diameter for impact velocities from 2 to 7 km/s

Hypervelocity impact testing of elevated and room temperature bumpers was performed to establish whether or not bumper hole diameter is temperature dependent. The hole diameters in the heated bumper tests were found to besignificantly larger than those of the room temperature tests. The heated and room temperature bumper data were compared to the Housen-Schmidt, Maiden, and Nysmith bumper hole diameter models to determine how well the models predicted the data. The Housen-Schmidt model correlated well with the room temperature bumper data, but did not correlate well with the heated data sets. The Maiden and Nysmith models did not appear to correlate with any of the data sets. Empirical models were formulated to predict hole sizes from 2 to 7 km/s for heated bumpers at the various temperatures considered. Good correlation was found between the models developed and the test data. The test results obtained and the models developed suggest that bumper hole diameter is indeed temperature dependent.
Endometrial levels of amikacin in the mare after intrauterine infusion of amikacin sulfate

Abstract Amikacin sulfate, e a semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from kanamycin, is a broad spectrum antibiotic particularly effective against gram-negative organisms. With this spectrum of activity, amikacin may be an effective treatment for equine metritis. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of amikacin in the endometrium after intrauterine infusion. For three consecutive days, four mares were infused with 2.0 gms once a day and four others were infused with 3.0 gms once a day. Biopsy results indicate that amikacin is readily absorbed into the equine endometrium. The 3.0 gm dose appears to have no therapeutic advantage over the 2.0 gm dose. Amikacin could not be detected in the serum after intrauterine infusion.
Photosynthetic electron transport in thylakoids from cotton cultivars (Gossypium sp.) differing in tolerance to prometryn.

A method to determine photosynthetic electron transport in thylakoid membranes is described for Gossypium barbadense (cv. Pima S-7) and G. hirsutum (cv. DP 5415). These cultivars differed markedly in tolerance to prometryn, a PS II inhibitor. The rates of photosynthetic electron transport obtained were 245 μmole oxygen mg−1 chl h1. Plant age and leaf size influenced the activity of the thylakoid preparations. Thylakoids from leaves of plants 24 to 37 d and 50–70 mm in diameter had the highest activities; thylakoids from cotyledons, fully expanded leaves and young leaves had low activity. Thylakoids from both species had similar photosynthetic activities and I50's for prometryn, atrazine and diuron. Thus, tolerance to prometryn was not due to differential binding at D1 protein.
Aversive smoking: Carboxyhemoglobin levels before and after rapid smoking

Abstract Carboxyhemoglobin levels were measured before and after a session of rapid smoking in a group of ten S s. Analysis of the findings reveals an average increase of carboxyhemoglobin of 3·08%. Oximetrically determined oxygen saturation decreased an average of 5·58%. The data suggest significant decrease in arterial oxygen saturation following rapid smoking. The need for careful screening designed to rule out S s prone to cardiovascular disease is reiterated.
Nonparametric estimation of conditional probability densities and expectations of stationary processes: strong consistency and rates

Abstract Let { X j } ∞ j =−∞ be a real-valued stationary process. Recursive kernel estimators of the joint probability density functions, of conditional probability densities, and of the conditional expectations of functionals of X j , given past behavior, are considered. Their strong consistency, along with rates, are established for processes { X j } satisfying various mixing conditions.
Electronic structure and magneto-optical effects in CeSb

The electronic structure and magneto-optical spectra of CeSb have been calculated using the self-consistent local-density approximation with explicit on-site Coulomb parameters for the correlated f state of cerium. The essential electronic structure of cerium antimonide consists of one occupied f band, predominantly with orbital m=-3 character and spin \ensuremath{\sigma}=1 located 2 eV below the Fermi level and interacting with broad Sb p bands crossing ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{F}}$. The m-dependent p-f hybridization leads to large magnetic anisotropy and magneto-optical spectra in better agreement with experiment than obtained with the standard local-spin-density approximation.
An alternate enzymic route for the synthesis of the alkyl analog of phosphatidic acid involving alkylglycerol

A key intermediate in the biosynthesis of complex ether lipids is 1-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate. This lipid is known to be formed by enzymic reduction of alkyldihydroxyacetone phosphate and subsequent acylation. We have now obtained evidence for an alternate pathway for its formation from hexadecylglycerol. The reaction is catalyzed by a mitochondrial supernatant fraction prepared from mouse preputial gland tumors; CoA, ATP, and Mg++ are required as cofactors.
Partial nephrectomy for centrally located tumors.

Abstract Introduction. Interest in nephron-sparing surgery has been spurred by the good long-term results of patients treated with partial nephrectomy. Partial nephrectomy entails the complete resection of renal tumor while leaving behind clear surgical margins and maximum functional renal parenchyma. Technical Considerations. We prefer to access the renal tumor by a flank incision. Intraoperative sonography is used to define the operative lesion and to search for multicentric tumors. A vascular clamp is placed on the renal hilum for vascular control. Regional hypothermia protects the kidney during renal ischemia. The perinephric fat is excised in situ with the renal tumor. Tumor base biopsies ensure negative margins. Meticulous dissection and tying of vessels improves hemostasis. Diluted methylene blue is directly injected into the renal pelvis to inspect for any intrarenal leakage. The argon beam coagulator is used routinely, and collagen (Avitene) is placed into the renal defect for hemostasis. The renal parenchyma and Gerota’s fascia are reapproximated anatomically. A small drain is left in place, and the wound is closed in the usual manner. Conclusions. Recent studies continue to report that conservative surgery is as effective as radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma, but the judgments in patient selection and operative management are paramount in determining its success.
The range scheduling aid

The Air Force Space Command schedules telemetry, tracking and control activities across the Air Force Satellite Control network. The Range Scheduling Aid (RSA) is a rapid prototype combining a user-friendly, portable, graphical interface with a sophisticated object-oriented database. The RSA has been a rapid prototyping effort whose purpose is to elucidate and define suitable technology for enhancing the performance of the range schedulers. Designing a system to assist schedulers in their task and using their current techniques as well as enhancements enabled by an electronic environment, has created a continuously developing model that will serve as a standard for future range scheduling systems. The RSA system is easy to use, easily ported between platforms, fast, and provides a set of tools for the scheduler that substantially increases his productivity.
ZHU XI AND CONFUCIAN SEXUAL ETHICS

L'A. tente de prouver que l'ethique sexuelle de Zhu Xi (1130-1200), le philosophe neo confucien le plus influent, avait une forte tendance ascetique. Sous son influence, durant les dynasties Ming et Qing, la plupart des intellectuels chinois adopterent une attitude negative et mortifiante a l'egard du desir sexuel
Utilization of a model copolymer to evaluate the contribution of hydrophobic bonding in drug binding.

A copolymer, having an overall composition of 1 unit of vinylpyridine to 26 units of vinylpyrrolidone, was synthesized. Several alkyl copolymers were made by quaternizing the nitrogen of vinylpyridine units of the copolymer with normal alkyl bromides, ethyl through hexyl. Using an equilibrium dialysis procedure, the interaction of p-toluene sulfonic acid sodium with each alkyl copolymer was studied over a temperature range of 15-45°, and the binding constants and thermodynamic parameters were determined. The quaternized vinylpyridine units of the alkyl copolymers constituted the binding sites for the p-toluene sulfonate ions. The stability of the complex formed in the reaction increased with an increase in temperature from 15-37° but decreased at 45°. The binding process was found endothermic and associated with positive entropy effects, indicating that the polymeric model system described here demonstrated properties expected for hydrophobic bonding. The effect of urea on the binding of sulfonate ion by one of the alkyl copolymers was studied and found to be in keeping with the claim that urea breaks hydrophobic bond.
Revision Hip Arthroplasty for Ceramic-on-Ceramic Squeaking Hips Does Not Compromise the Results

Abstract Squeaking is a complication that may occur after ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasty (THA) that can be intolerable enough for some patients to seek revision THA. This prospective case series of 11 hips is the first to report on the results of these patients. All patients underwent isolated head and liner exchange to a metal-on-highly cross-linked polyethylene using the direct lateral approach. Mean age was 45.5 years, and body mass index was 30.0 kg/m 2 . Hips were revised at an average of 40.1 months postindex THA. Retrieval analysis showed 7 of 7 liners/heads with edge loading wear and 5 of 7 liners with signs of neck-rim impingement. Short Form-36 mental dimension, Western Ontario McMaster Osteoarthritis Index, and Harris Hip Score (HHS) showed a statistically significant improvement ( P
Pulse-Frequency Modulation

Pulse-frequency modulation (PFM) has been successfully employed as the encoding technique in a number of small U. S. Earth satellites where reduction of power and weight are prime considerations. This paper is concerned with the introduction of some of the more basic principles of PFM. Rather than presenting a rigorous proof on the orthogonality of this type of modulation, a comparison is made to the better-known characteristics of coded binary sequences. It is shown that PFM with quantized frequencies has the same communication efficiency in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise as a corresponding set of coded binary sequences with an equal number of quantized levels
Evaluation of renal drug dosing: prescribing information and clinical pharmacist approaches.

Study Objective. To characterize renal function parameters reported in United States Food and Drug Administration-approved prescribing information (package inserts), to compare dosage recommendations for patients with impaired renal function between prescribing information and tertiary drug dosing references, and to evaluate renal function quantification methods most commonly used by clinical pharmacists to develop dosage regimens. Design. Retrospective analysis and Web-based survey. Data Sources. Prescribing information for all new molecular entities (NMEs) approved from 1998–2007 in which dosing recommendations were proposed for patients with impaired renal function, drug monographs from four tertiary drug dosing references (Micromedex, Lexi-Comp, Epocrates Rx, and American Hospital Formulary Service [AHFS] Drug Information) for all identified NMEs, and a Web-based survey of 204 nephrology and critical care pharmacy practitioners. Measurements and Main Results. A total of 44 NMEs included renal dosing recommendations in their prescribing information. For all 44 NMEs, prescribing information was reviewed to determine methods to quantify renal function, units of measure reported, and use of chronic kidney disease terminology. The most common index of renal function was creatinine clearance; the Cockcroft-Gault equation was specified in the prescribing information of 11 NMEs. Standardization for body weight was inconsistent, with prescribing information for four NMEs reporting renal function in ml/minute/1.73 m2. The prescribing information or tertiary sources did not mention use of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study (MDRD) equation. Epocrates Rx provided the most abbreviated renal dosing information, whereas AHFS Drug Information was the most comprehensive, and Lexi-Comp includes a renal function calculator. Nearly all (86%) clinical pharmacists indicated that automated eGFR is reported at their institutions, although they do not use these predictions for dosing in patients with impaired renal function, and their approaches to renal function estimation varied widely. Conclusion. Reporting of renal function methods and dosing recommendations for patients with impaired renal function requires standardization in order to ensure optimal dosing. Pharmacy clinicians do not substitute eGFR in place of creatinine clearance for renal dosing, which is consistent with current prescribing information. Studies are needed that will evaluate the validity of using eGFR to predict drug clearance and thereby generate dosage recommendations.
Direct Single-Stage Processing of Lightweight Alloys Into Sheet by Hybrid Cutting–Extrusion

Widespread application of lightweight magnesium and titanium alloys sheet is limited mainly because of their poor-workability issues, both in primary processing by rolling and secondary sheet forming. This study describes a hybrid cutting–extrusion process, large-strain extrusion machining (LSEM), for producing sheet and foil. By utilizing a constraining edge placed across from the cutting tool edge, the usual cutting process is transformed into continuous shear-deformation process, wherein the thickness of the sheet at its exit from the deformation zone is directly controlled. The confinement of the deformation field in LSEM enables near-adiabatic heating in the deformation zone. Consequently, external workpiece heating, intrinsic to sheet manufacturing by multistage rolling in alloys of poor workability (e.g., hexagonal close packed (hcp) alloys and cast materials), is minimized. Furthermore, the deformation parameters, such as strain, strain rate, and strain path, can be controlled to refine the microstructure and induce shear-type crystallographic textures that enable enhanced sheet mechanical properties (strength and formability). This application of LSEM is demonstrated using magnesium alloy AZ31B as a model system. Since LSEM is a single-stage process for sheet production, it is potentially attractive in terms of production economics and energy. Implications for process scale-up and control of plastic flow localization are briefly discussed.
Rac1 activation comes full circle.

Precise spatiotemporal control of the Rac1 GTPase coordinates actin dynamics. A positive feedback loop involving the actin-binding protein coronin and the Rac regulators ArhGEF7, Pak1 and RhoGDI promotes Rac activity and actin polymerization at the cell cortex.
Propiconazole Inhibits Armillaria tabescens In Vitro and Translocates into Peach Roots Following Trunk Infusion

Amiri, A., Bussey, K. E., Riley, M. B., and Schnabel, G. 2008. Propiconazole inhibits Armillaria tabescens in vitro and translocates into peach roots following trunk infusion. Plant Dis. 92:12931298. Intravascular trunk infusion of propiconazole has been associated with beneficial effects on Armillaria root rot control in Prunus sp. but its basipetal movement has not been verified. Propiconazole, a sterol demethylation inhibitor fungicide, was more effective in inhibiting mycelial growth of Armillaria tabescens isolates in vitro (average effective concentration to inhibit mycelial growth by 50% [EC50 value] of 0.6 µg/ml) compared with fungicides from five other chemical classes (EC50 values ranging from 4.6 to >1,000 µg/ml). The fungicide was infused into the vascular system of peach trees in the spring, summer, and fall of 2005 and 2006. Propiconazole concentration was determined using gas chromatography mass spectrometry in trunk sections above and below the infusion site and in primary roots. Over two experimental years, spring and fall infusions resulted in consistent propiconazole accumulations in primary peach roots. Spring infusions yielded propiconazole concentrations of 1.7 µg/g in 2005 and 5.6 µg/g in 2006, whereas the highest accumulations were detected following fall infusions with 9.2 µg/g in 2005 and 6.7 µg/g in 2006. Propiconazole was also consistently detected in trunk sections collected from above and below the infusion site. The basipetal movement of propiconazole in peach trees and its inhibitory activity against A. tabescens in vitro suggest that propiconazole infusion could be useful for targeted Armillaria root rot management.
A rare infectious presentation of a temporal bone meningioma

To the Editor, En plaque meningiomas of the temporal bone commonly have years of delay in diagnosis due to the chronic nature of the presenting symptoms, which include serous otitis media and aural fullness, and the lack of compressive symptoms seen with bulky mass tumors [1]. We present a rare case of an en plaque temporal bone meningioma with an acute and critical presentation secondary to infectious processes that were a direct result of local invasion. Bacterial meningitis, brain abscess, and mastoiditis with secondary septic thrombosis were the salient presenting features in this case. This presentation is very atypical of temporal bone meningiomas, but failure to recognize these associations can result in missed diagnosis in critically-ill patients.
A distribution-based method to resolve single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer observations

We introduce a new approach to analyze single-molecule Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) data. The method recognizes that FRET efficiencies assumed by traditional ensemble methods are unobservable for single molecules. We propose instead a method to predict distributions of FRET parameters obtained directly from the data. Distributions of FRET rates, given the data, are precisely defined using Bayesian methods and increase the information derived from the data. Benchmark comparisons find that the response time of the new method outperforms traditional methods of averaging. Our approach makes no assumption about the number or distribution of underlying FRET states. The new method also yields information about joint parameter distributions going beyond the standard framework of FRET analysis. For example, the running distribution of FRET means contains more information than any conceivable single measure of FRET efficiency. The method is tested against simulated data and then applied to a pilot-study sample of calmodulin molecules immobilized in lipid vesicles, revealing evidence for multiple dynamical states.
Plant Nucleases. II. Properties of Corn Ribonucleases I and II and Corn Nuclease I

A classification system is presented to distinguish 3 corn nucleases-Ribonuclease I, Ribonuclease II, and Nuclease I-which were described in the first paper of this series. The 2 ribonucleases are specific for RNA, are endonucleases, and liberate purine and pyrimidine cyclic nucleotides from dinucleotide monophosphates as well as from RNA. Ribonuclease I and II hydrolyze the purine cyclic nucleotides to 3'-nucleotides, while Ribonuclease II may also act on the pyrimidine cyclic nucleotides. Ribonuclease II is best characterized by its molecular weight of 17,000, by a higher pH optimum than Ribonuclease I, and by its absorption onto microsomes.Nuclease I is a partially purified endonuclease which produces 5'-nucleotides from RNA, DNA, and dinucleotide monophosphates. The same enzyme may also be a 3'-nucleotidase.The corn nucleases were compared with nucleases found in other plant species.
TPC's Benchmark Development Model: Making the First Industry Standard Benchmark on Big Data a Success

There are many questions to answer and hurdles to overcome before an idea for a benchmark becomes an industry standard. After all technical challenges are solved and a prototype benchmark is created, the question arises on how to turn the prototype into an industry standard benchmark that has broad acceptance in the industry, is credible and sustainable over an extended period of time. The Transaction Processing Performance Council is one of the most recognized industry standard consortia for developing and maintaining industry standard benchmarks. Its philosophy and strict rules have assured acceptance, credibility and sustainability of its benchmarks for the last two decades. In this paper the author shows how the TPC model for developing and maintaining benchmarks can be applied to creating the first industry standard benchmark on Big Data.
Economic analyses in health care: An introduction to the methodogy with an emphasis on radiation therapy

Payers are increasingly interested in knowing whether they are receiving value for the dollars they spend on health care. Because economic analysis will be used as a means of evaluating radiation therapy, it is important that radiation oncologists understand the basic methodology employed in such analyses. This review article describes the four basic types of economic analyses: cost minimization, cost effectiveness, cost utility, and cost benefit. Specification of alternative therapies, choice of perspective of the analysis, measurements of costs and benefits, and the role of discounting and sensitivity analyses are discussed. Published economic analyses that pertain directly to treatment with radiation therapy are reviewed. Finally, we close with a brief discussion of the potential areas for future economic outcomes research in radiation oncology.
Realization of cellular neural networks from a neuron component library

The cellular neural network (CNN) architecture utilizes some features of fully connected analog neural networks, along with the nearest neighbor interactions found in cellular automata. In our research, an already built neuronal sigmoid activation function was used to realize the basic component of a CNN, a "cell". Our eventual goal is to facilitate rapid prototyping, a design technique that enables the use of the basic building block of CNN, a "cell" available in the standard library, for the hardware realization of CNNs. Our experience shows that the application-specific needs of the basic analog cell must be taken into account from the beginning of the design process in order to avoid extensive redesign. This is important to remember as analog designers attempt to utilize techniques such as hierarchical design and hardware description languages (HDLs).
High throughput combinatorial screening of semiconductor materials

This article provides an overview of an advanced combinatorial material discovery platform developed recently for screening semiconductor materials with properties that may have applications ranging from radiation detectors to solar cells. Semiconductor thin-film libraries, each consisting of 256 materials of different composition arranged into a 16×16 matrix, were fabricated using laser-assisted evaporation process along with a combinatorial mechanism to achieve variations. The composition and microstructure of individual materials on each thin-film library were characterized with an integrated scanning micro-beam x-ray fluorescence and diffraction system, while the band gaps were determined by scanning optical reflection and transmission of the libraries. An ultrafast ultraviolet photon-induced charge probe was devised to measure the mobility and lifetime of individual thin-film materials on semiconductor libraries. Selected results on the discovery of semiconductors with desired band gaps and transport properties are illustrated.
Social support and acculturative stress in the multicultural workplace

Abstract Organizational dynamics are changing due to cultural variability among employees. Little communication research explores ways in which organizations attempt to adapt to multicultural issues such as cultural stereotyping, language barriers, and employee attempts to acculturate. This study explores cultural differences in employee perceptions of social support received from sources in a multicultural organization. In addition, the study explores the relationship between Hispanic employees’ emotional acculturative stress and the social support they perceive receiving from organizational sources. Hispanics reported receiving more social support from their Hispanic coworkers than Anglo‐Americans reported receiving from that source. No differences were found in either group's perceptions of the amount of social support received from Anglo‐American coworkers and persons in supervisory positions. Social support received from Anglo‐American coworkers was found to be significantly related to Hispanics’ emo...
On the collision of laminar jets: fluid chains and fishbones

We present the results of a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of the family of free-surface flows generated by obliquely colliding laminar jets. We present a parameter study of the flow, and describe the rich variety of forms observed. When the jet Reynolds number is sufficiently high, the jet collision generates a thin fluid sheet that evolves under the combined influence of surface tension and fluid inertia. The resulting flow may take the form of a fluid chain: a succession of mutually orthogonal links, each composed of a thin oval film bound by relatively thick fluid rims. The dependence of the form of the fluid chains on the governing parameters is examined experimentally. An accompanying theoretical model describing the form of a fluid sheet bound by stable rims is found to yield good agreement with the observed chain shapes. In another parameter regime, the fluid chain structure becomes unstable, giving rise to a striking new flow structure resembling fluid fishbones. The fishbones are demonstrated to be the result of a Rayleigh–Plateau instability of the sheet's bounding rims being amplified by the centripetal force associated with the flow along the curved rims.
Discrete Time-Frequency Models of Generalized Dispersive Systems

Ih this paper, we propose a discrete characterization of dispersive time-varying systems. Based on a unitary warping relation with the narrowband system model, we formulate a representation that decomposes the system output as a weighted superposition of sampled signal transformations that reflect the dispersive system characteristics. Such discrete representations can be important in designing wave-forms for transmission through dispersive systems with improved processing performance. We demonstrate the usefulness of our proposed model by applying it to a shallow water acoustic environment characterized by nonlinear frequency dispersions
Affinity screening using competitive binding with fluorine-19 hyperpolarized ligands.

Fluorine-19 NMR and hyperpolarization form a powerful combination for drug screening. Under a competitive equilibrium with a selected fluorinated reporter ligand, the dissociation constant (K(D)) of other ligands of interest is measurable using a single-scan Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) experiment, without the need for a titration. This method is demonstrated by characterizing the binding of three ligands with different affinities for the serine protease trypsin. Monte Carlo simulations show that the highest accuracy is obtained when about one-half of the bound reporter ligand is displaced in the binding competition. Such conditions can be achieved over a wide range of affinities, allowing for rapid screening of non-fluorinated compounds when a single fluorinated ligand for the binding pocket of interest is known.
Fascial bundles of the infraspinatus fascia: anatomy, function, and clinical considerations

The infraspinatus fascia is a tough sheet of connective tissue that covers the infraspinatus fossa of the scapula and the muscle within. Muscle fibers originate from the fossa and fascia and then travel laterally to insert on the greater tubercle of the humerus. Frequently the infraspinatus fascia is quickly removed to appreciate the underlying muscle, but the fascia is an interesting and complex structure in its own right. Despite having a characteristic set of fascial bundles, no contemporary anatomy texts or atlases describe the fascia in detail. The infraspinatus fascia was dissected in detail in 11 shoulders, to characterize the fascial bundles and connections that contribute to it. Thereafter, 70 shoulders were dissected to tabulate the variability of the fascial bundles and connections. Six characteristic features of the infraspinatus fascia were noted: a medial band, an inferior-lateral band, and superior-lateral band of fascia, insertion of the posterior deltoid into the infraspinatus fascia, a transverse connection from the posterior deltoid muscle to the infraspinatus fascia, and a retinacular sheet deep to the deltoid and superficial to the infraspinatus and teres minor muscles. Although other structures of the shoulder are more frequently injured, the infraspinatus fascia is involved in compartment syndromes and the fascial bundles of this structure are certain to impact the biomechanical function of the muscles of the posterior shoulder.
A theory of the effect of hard limiting and other distortions upon the quality of microwave images

This paper adds quantitative confirmation to the assertions of previous writers that the phase of the signal received in the aperture contains the preponderance of the information useful for image formation. An easily calculable metric is established for judging the extent of the alteration of an image due to an arbitrary distortion of the signal in the aperture or of the imaging kernel in the signal processor. Given some known or measurable amplitude or phase nonlinearity in the detector at the front end of the measurement system, it is possible to judge whether such nonlinearity is tolerable or whether it must be removed. Subjective viewing tests confirm the validity of the metric. High angular resolution microwave images are used to test the theory. It is demonstrated that hard limiting the input signals to a phased array preserves much of the image integrity; amplitude-only information, on the other hand, destroys it. Only one bit of phase information sometimes suffices. Two bits of signal phase and 2-bit phase quantization of the exponential kernel in the signal processor results in an extraordinarily simple signal processor that produces surprisingly good imagery.
RETHINKING THE HISTORY OF SOLAR WIND STUDIES: EDDINGTON'S ANALYSIS OF COMET MOREHOUSE

Arthur Eddington’s very early career is often overshadowed by his later accomplishments. For many years the work he performed at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, was little studied. In some cases, citations to his work in major journals did not appear for more than three decades. One of his earliest works was a mathematical analysis of the shapes of the envelopes of Comet Morehouse, a non-periodic comet discovered in 1908. Eddington’s description of the envelopes, in mathematical terms, as paraboloids projected in two dimensions as parabolas, was not studied in earnest until after his death. Although the primary conclusion of his work has recently been modified, there are several other statements he makes about the source of the creation of these envelopes that suggest he should be acknowledged as the first person to suggest that there is a continuous outflow of ions from the Sun.
A logic of composition for information flow predicates

Information flow predicates are properties of sets of traces and therefore cannot be handled under the Alpem-Schneider framework and the Abadi-Lamport Composition Principle. McLean proposed a theory (1994) to investigate the composition properties of these predicates and derived a partial order on them. In this paper we present an alternate framework based on many-sorted predicate logic for specifying the information flow properties and show that this framework can be used to reason about the composition of such properties that is amenable to automated theorem proving.
Respiration during feeding on solid food: alterations in breathing during mastication, pharyngeal bolus aggregation, and swallowing

During feeding, solid food is chewed and propelled to the oropharynx, where the bolus gradually aggregates while the larynx remains open and breathing continues. The aggregated bolus in the valleculae is exposed to respiratory airflow, yet aspiration is rare in healthy individuals. The mechanism for preventing aspiration during bolus aggregation is unclear. One possibility is that alterations in the pattern of respiration during feeding could help prevent inhalation of food from the pharynx. We hypothesized that respiration was inhibited during bolus aggregation in the valleculae. Videofluorography was performed on 10 healthy volunteers eating solid foods with barium. Respiration was monitored concurrently with plethysmography and nasal air pressure. The timing of events during mastication, food transport, pharyngeal bolus aggregation, and swallowing were measured in relation to respiration. Respiratory cycle duration decreased during chewing (P < 0.001) but increased with swallowing (P < 0.001). During 66 recordings of vallecular bolus aggregation, there was inspiration in 8%, expiration in 41%, a pause in breathing in 17%, and multiple phases (including inspiration) in 35%. Out of 98 swallows, 47% started in the expiratory phase and 50% started during a pause in breathing, irrespective of bolus aggregation in the valleculae. Plethysmography was better than nasal manometry for determining the end of active expiration during feeding and swallowing with solid food. The hypothesis is rejected in that respiration was not inhibited during bolus aggregation. These findings suggest that airflow through the pharynx does not have a role in preventing aspiration during bolus aggregation in the oropharynx.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with altered immune function and chronic inflammation. Both of these immune conditions are implicated in the pathogenesis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The authors performed a systematic review to summarize findings from the current literature on the association between history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Ten case-control studies and three prospective cohort studies were included in this review. Meta-analysis found that a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus was positively associated with overall non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk. However, there was significant heterogeneity between studies. Study design was an important source of heterogeneity. The rate ratio between type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-Hodgkin lymphoma was found to be 1.18 (95% confidence interval: 0.99, 1.42) among case-control studies and 1.79 (95% confidence interval: 1.30, 2.47) among the prospective cohort studies. Weaknesses were identified in some of the included studies in the areas of case and control selection, measurement of covariates and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and confounding control. Although a positive association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma was suggested, the evidence is inconclusive because of methodological limitations of the included case-control studies. More prospective studies with improved control of confounding are needed to confirm these findings.
Carbon Resistors and Variable Differential Transformers for Liquid Level Indication

The chief advantage of carbon resistors as sensing elements for liquid level indicators in cryogenic equipment is the simplicity of the auxiliary equipment required.
Developing Mathematical Maturity

“I can’t define it, but I know it when I see it.” If Potter Stewart hadn’t coined this phrase, mathematicians would have. Trying to define “mathematical maturity” is about as hopeless a task as defining obscenity, or, for that matter, justice or love. Nevertheless, since that is our task, let us begin.
Assessment of sustainable design practices in the fashion industry: experiences of eight small sustainable design companies in the Northeastern and Southeastern United States

ABSTRACTThe primary purpose of this research was to gain an understanding of designers’ knowledge of sustainability and investigate current practices in sustainable fashion design in order to discover what variables influence designers’ decisions during the design and product development process of sustainable fashion apparel. Qualitative, descriptive research methods, including an open-ended research guide and in-depth interviews, were used. The study focused on sustainable fashion designers from small design companies in the Northeastern and Southeastern United States. The study discusses some of the variables that impact the implementation of sustainable fashion design practices, such as current industry practices and expectations, consumer knowledge and acceptance, sustainable sourcing, production, and distribution options, as well as sustainable design education. In addition, gaps in knowledge regarding various aspects of sustainability among self-proclaimed sustainable fashion designers are identified.
MTR-02MGMT-INHIBITOR IN COMBINATION WITH TGF-β KINASE OR CDK 4/6 INHIBITOR INCREASES TEMOZOLOMIDE SENSITIVITY OF TEMOZOLOMIDE RESISTANT GLIOBLASTOMA CELLS

MTR-02. MGMT-INHIBITOR IN COMBINATION WITH TGF-b KINASE OR CDK 4/6 INHIBITOR INCREASES TEMOZOLOMIDE SENSITIVITY OF TEMOZOLOMIDE RESISTANT GLIOBLASTOMA CELLS Arabinda Das1, Megan L.T. Hilbert1, Pierre Giglio1,2, Scott M. Lindhorst1, Michele L. Decandio1, William A. Vadergrift, III1, Naren L. Banik1, Abhay K. Varma1, Jeffery J. Raizer3, and Sunil J. Patel1; Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina,, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical College, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neurology and Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern UniversityFeinbergSchool of Medicine,, Chicago, Illinois, USA Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive form of brain cancer and demonstrates one of the worst five year survival rates of any cancer (3-8%). Implicated in this survival rate are cells that acquire resistance to Temozolomide (TMZ)-based therapy, the standard of care. Resistance to this drug is modulated by the DNA repair enzyme methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). Clinical studies have shown that some TMZ-resistant tumorshaveelevatedMGMTprotein levelsor lackofMGMTpromotormethylation. This study used drug combinations in order to overcome this acquired resistance. Drugs included: MGMT inhibitors, LY2157299 (TGF-bkinase inhibitor), LY2835219 (CDK4/6 inhibitor) and Temozolomide in various combinations. The LY compounds were developed by Lilly USA and are currently undergoing clinical trials testing safety and efficacy in treating several forms of cancer. Our in vitro data clearly demonstrate that TGF-b Kinase or CDK 4/6 inhibitors enhance O6-Benzylguanine + Temozolomide activity via disruption of TGF-b-dependent signaling and transcription or abrogation of the S and G(2) checkpoints. CDK 4/6 inhibitor has additional effects on cell cycling, including induction of an RB-associated G(1) arrest. The interaction between the drugs was assessed. These studies indicate that timing of drug treatments strongly influences response to O6-Benzylguanine +Temozolomide plus TGF-b Kinase or CDK 4/6 inhibitor in MGMT+ glioblastoma cells. This is highly related to the TGFb signaling or cell cyclemodulatory effects of these agents. Furthermore, this combination was more effective in cell lines with dysfunctional MGMT. These findings support the novel combination of these drugs with currently available chemotherapies (e.g. temozolomide) as an alternative therapeutic strategy to potentiate the anti-tumor effects on temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma cells. Neuro-Oncology 17:v124–v129, 2015. doi:10.1093/neuonc/nov219.2 Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Neuro-Oncology 2015.
The reduction of pentavalent group 5 compounds with KC 8 or LiBH 4 : a potpourri of oxidation states

Des tentatives de reduction de TaCl 5 par KG 8 ou LiBH 4 en presence du lithium diphenylformamidinato (LiDPhF) ou du potassium pyridinethiolato (Kpyt) sont decrites. A basse temperature, la reaction de TaCl 5 , KC 8 et LiDPhF conduit au compose mononucleaire octa-coordine Ta(DPhF)4, 2 dont on observe qu'il est isostructural de l'analogue au niobium, 1. A temperature ambiante et en presence de KC 8 et Kpyt le produit obtenu est (K(THF) 6 ) (Ta(pyt) 4 ), 3. Lorsque ces reactions sont conduites avec LiDPhF dans LiBH 4 en exces, une liaison C-N du ligand se coupe pour donner des complexes imido comme le compose mononucleaire hepta-coordine Ta(NPh)(DPhF) 3 , 4 ou le compose dinucleaire Ta 2 (μ-NPh) 2 (μ-DPhF) 2 (η 2 -DPhF) 2 , 5. Tous les composes obtenus (1-5) ont ete caracterises par les methodes de diffraction des rayons X dont les resultats sont presentes ici.
Sensitizers of photoradiation and ionizing radiation in the management of head and neck cancer

PDT and IUdR-sensitized radiation therapy represent potential advances in the treatment of tumors of the head and neck. Light-activated photosensitizers have definite antitumor activity in both in vitro and in vivo experimental systems. Much of the early clinical work in head and neck cancer involved treatment of patients with advanced, recurrent disease who had not responded to conventional therapy. Because of the limited light penetration in tissue and infiltrative nature of most recurrent lesions, little effective palliation was seen in these advanced cases. More success has been achieved in the treatment of earlier, more superficial lesions, and active investigation continues in this area. Current research is aimed at defining the most appropriate sites and applications for the technique. HpD and DHE are currently only approved for use as investigational compounds in clinical studies. If ongoing trials of PDT in the treatment of superficial bladder cancer, obstructing esophageal cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer show encouraging results, an application will be made to the Food and Drug Administration for approval of DHE as a photosensitizer for general clinical use for these indications. Laboratory work to better understand the mechanism of action of HpD also continues, as well as investigations into alternative photosensitizers with improved tumor localization, less cutaneous photosensitivity, and absorption peaks at deeper penetrating wavelengths of light. A pilot program evaluating IUdR-sensitized radiation therapy for treatment of advanced head and neck cancer is in progress. If encouraging early results continue to be observed, a randomized trial comparing IUdR-sensitized radiation therapy with conventional radiation therapy can be conducted. Hopefully, these developments in the field will improve the therapy for patients with head and neck cancers.
Clinical Laboratory Proficiency Test Performan: Its Relationship to Structural, Process and Environmental Variables

This comparative analysis of clinical laboratories was intended to develop a more quantitative understanding of environmental, structural, and process variables and their relationships to the quality of laboratory services. The quality of laboratory services was defined as analytic capability demonstrated on proficiency-test specimens of the College of American Pathologists. Independent variables describing the laboratory environment, as well as structural and process aspects of management, were obtained from management reports, staffing records, and workload reports. Although correlations between the eight proficiency testing indices and the independent variables were generally low, a number of significant correlates were evident in three areas: bacteriology, parasitology, and qualitative hematology. Environmental variables describing organizational size were related to proficiency, as were variables dealing with accreditation by the College of American Pathologists and time accredited by the College of American Pathologists. The education and experience of personnel and the percentage of specialized supervisors were related to proficiency-testing success in bacteriology and parasitology. Empirical evidence suggests that the size of the laboratory indirectly affects proficiency in these three tested areas. Presumably, this relationship is mediated through specialization of work and reinforcement of learning. Few significant correlates were evident in the five remaining areas tested: chemistry, quantitative hematology, blood bank, immunology, and syphilis serology. Despite the concentration of personnel resources and other assets in larger laboratories, size appeared to have no effect on proficiency-testing performance in these five areas.
The ISMS Durable Goods Datasets

This paper describes two new datasets available to academic researchers. The first is a panel dataset containing the transactions of 19,936 households made over the period from December 1998 to November 2004 at a major U.S. consumer electronics retailer. There are a total of 173,262 transactions, including purchases and returns of products as well as extended warranties. There are 16 product categories and 292 sub-categories, ranging from big ticket items such as televisions to small ticket items such as CDs and batteries. The second dataset features a field experiment for a Christmas promotion that took place in December 2003 in the form of a direct mailing sent to a randomly selected group of households at the end of November 2003. We describe the data and the research issues that can be potentially studied using these two durable goods datasets.
A Technique of Automatic Generation of Substation Wiring Diagram Based on CIM

According to a typical wiring modality,an empirical method is given for automatically generating the once-through electric wiring diagram for substations.By the extensible definition of typical wiring modality and with the aid of the network analyzing function of Oracle Spatial,the relevant data on substation equipment and connection relationships in the common information model (CIM) are analyzed and matched.Then the wiring diagram can be generated by arranging the positions of the equipments according to the matched wiring diagram.
Asymmetric distribution of pause transfer sequences in apolipoprotein B-100

Lipoprotein assembly requires a complex and regulated set of events that includes apolipoprotein B (apoB) translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, folding, and association with lipids. Unlike simple secretory proteins which are cotranslationally translocated directly into the ER lumen, nascent apoB contains pause transfer (PT) sequences that direct the transient stopping and subsequent restarting of its translocation, a phenomenon termed translocational pausing. During one particular translocational pause in apoB, the ribosome-membrane junction and ER translocation channel have been shown to be altered in such a way as to expose the nascent polypeptide to the cytosol and direct a change in the proteins neighboring the nascent chain. In this study, we have experimentally identified the location and distribution of the translocational pauses that are present throughout apoB-100. We find that pause transfer sequences are distributed asymmetrically, clustering in three distinct domains: a) nine functional PT sequences appear in the amino terminal 20% of apoB, b) four more PT sequences occur just before the end of apoB-48, and c) an additional ten PT sequences are found between apoB-65-95. These clusters are interrupted by two lipid binding regions of approximately 100 kD each in which no PT sequences occur. The implications of this asymmetric distribution of PT sequences, and their correlation with previously hypothesized structural and functional domains of apoB, are discussed.