cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chronic effect of dietary protein on hypercholesteremia in the rat.

SummaryChronic dietary experiments in rats have revealed that months are necessary to evaluate the ultimate level of serum lipids resulting from sustained feeding of various levels of dietary protein. Quantitative changes in dietary protein can influence the levels of serum cholesterol and cholesterol/lipid phosphorus ratio. Reduction or elevation of dietary casein beyond a modest range (12-18%) will lead to ultimate elevation of serum cholesterol and phospholipid under conditions herein described. The insignificant change in cholesterol/lipid phosphorus ratio at low levels of dietary casein as opposed to its elevation at higher levels suggests that different mechanisms are operating in these two situations. Unusually high levels of serum cholesterol were achieved in old rats fed 40% casein. Coronary arterial atheromatous lesions developed in one-third of these animals, but in none of the other groups in the 6-month period.
Computers, Cognition and Curriculum: Retrospect and Prospect

Spearheaded by the writings of Seymour Papert, many educators have looked to computer use in education to usher in a new era in which the development of higher-order thinking skills would be promoted in schools. Early research aimed at showing the positive effects of programming instruction on students' thinking skills was not encouraging. More recent research is only somewhat more promising. This article begins with a summary and critique of the research, advancing eight hypotheses regarding the general failure of the research to confirm the expectations. Two major claims are made. The first is that the principle weakness of research on the cognitive consequences of programming instruction very likely has been its inadequate consideration of curricular issues. The second claim is that a relatively new programming language, Prolog, which is radically different from procedural languages like BASIC and LOGO, merits serious consideration for educational use. The article concludes with a brief introduction to...
ANTAGONISTIC GROWTH PRINCIPLES OF SERUM AND THEIR RELATION TO OLD AGE.

It may be concluded that, under the conditions of the experiments: 1. The inhibiting action on homologous fibroblasts of the heated serum of a young animal increases relatively more than that of an old animal. After it has been heated, the inhibiting action of the serum of the old animal is still greater than that of the young animal. 2. The CO2 precipitate obtained from the serum of a young animal definitely increases the proliferative activity of homologous fibroblasts, while the CO2 precipitate of the serum of an old animal has practically no activating power. After the removal of the CO2 precipitate, the inhibiting action of the serum of young animals is increased, while that of old animals is not modified. 3. The increased inhibiting action of serum on homologous fibroblasts in old age is partly due to the disappearance of the growth-activating substances and to the enhanced activity of the growth-inhibiting principle.
5B6 - Magnetic depolarization of a vapor and polarization of a Zeeman laser

Lamb's self-consistent theory and rate equation approximation are used to determine the polarization of a monomode gas laser subjected to a magnetic field. The excited vapor is represented by a four level system; its motion is described in a Bloch analog form, using Fano formalism. In the stimulated emission (absorption) process, atoms and light are shown to exchange energy and angular momentum. This optically induced angular state of the vapor can be destroyed by the applied magnetic field, lowering the optical saturation. When the Zeeman sublevels no longer overlap, the laser tends to oscillate with a transverse polarization of minimized saturation. Experimental evidence of these changes of polarization is given with an internal plane mirror laser on the 1.52 μm ( J= 1 \rightarrow J= 0 ) line of Ne20. The observed data are pressure sensitive and give some information on the lifetime and disorienting cross section of the 2s_{2} level of Ne.
The genus Thalassiosira: species with internal extensions of the strutted processes

AbstractSamples from the Antarctic and Subantarctic Zones were used for a study of three taxa of the diatom genus Thalassiosira with circumpolar distribution. Most records were from south of the An...
Experimental Mechanics of MEMS and Thin Films

The novel thin film materials manufactured for MEMS sensors, actuators, and multifunctional coatings demand the development of novel methodologies for the characterization of their anisotropic mechanical properties, which dominate as submicron sized devices become technologically feasible. While the limitations of continuum mechanics are experimentally still unexplored, material anisotropy and scale-dependence of deformations require a combined experimental, analytical, and numerical approach with the development of novel instrumentation being at the forefront of this effort. The local character of many phenomena at the nanoscale imposes the challenge to employ methodologies that can specifically and directly address the scale limitations and requirements. This limits our current inventory to techniques and methodologies that provide resolution beyond the optical diffraction limit and include either probe or electron microscopes. The high resolution imaging capabilities of these tools provide the basis for new developments but their ability to furnish quantitative information remains largely unexplored. While such instruments may replace macroscopic cameras employed to conduct full- field measurements, the large-scale test apparatuses need to be also adapted to the new scale demands. These direct approaches and their potential to succeed in the nanoscale mechanics arena are discussed in this chapter. The methodologies of global (average) property measurements and local, nanometer-level, measurements of local constitutive properties are discussed with reference to typical MEMS materials. Special emphasis is given to the full-field methodology with an update to the most recent developments. Finally, the scale-related failure properties of brittle MEMS materials and their implication to thin film material and device design and implementation are discussed.
Design of a New GMP Facility - Lessons Learned

The current Baylor College of Medicine GMP/GTP Cell Processing Facility is described in some detail in the chapter on Facility Design. During 2009–2010 the facility will be relocated from the 11th to the 16th floor of the Feigin Center at Texas Children’s Hospital (TCH). This floor is a new addition to the building which is being expanded from 12 to 20 stories (Figs. 7.1a and b). This has given us the opportunity to redesign the space based on our experience working in the present facility. This chapter describes what changes have been made based on lessons learned from working in the previous facility for nearly 10 years.
Thinking about Home Environments

It is difficult to think about environments. Because theory and explicit conceptual frameworks are scarce, the numerous environment-behavior relations (EBR) studies have not been cumulative; indeed their very number has become counterproductive. In the case of home environments there is a particularly daunting amount of diverse and unintegrated work.
Wind Tunnel Studies of Damaged-Wing-Induced Limit Cycle Oscillations

The influence of damage on the performance of the lifting surface of an aircraft has been an area of interest to the military for over half a century. Some of the earlier studies of this subject focused on the impact that structural damage resulting in the loss of lifting surface structural strength, stiffness, and mass might have on imparting catastrophic aeroelastic failures to the lifting surface. Discouraging mixed results arose over the next 30 years in these investigations that employed only structural damage models. As time passed, it was finally noticed that if the often neglected, usually second-order, drag term was now included (as aerodynamic damage often creates a high, unsteady, localized drag rise) in the earlier aeroelastic damaged-wing analyses, more encouraging results were obtained. That is, the realistic asymmetric damaged lifting surfaces flutter and divergence analysis did show lowered, and not raised, flutter and divergence speeds over that of the undamaged lifting surface. This occurred both in the presence of or in the absence of structural damage as in the case of icing or external wing stores. In essence, it was determined at this time that the resulting high and unsteady drag rise caused by the damage could do more than just cause an energy deficiency in the aircraft mission. It could, in fact, cause shorter term catastrophic or stiffness failure events in terms of reduced flutter and divergence speeds as well as give rise to limit cycle oscillations embedded within what was shown to be that part of the damaged-aircraft flight envelope free from classic flutter and divergence. The present experimental wind-tunnel study was carried out to confirm these past theoretical findings by employing a one-twelfth-scale F-111 aeroelastic model and (third-order) higher-order statistical signal processing to identify the frequency ordering that occurs in these additional damaged-induced limit cycle oscillations. These limit cycle oscillations were also found to exhibit the classic lock-in/lock-out phenomenon that occurs in the well-known F/A-16 and F/A-18 wing store induced limit cycle oscillations.
Requirements Flowdown for Prognostics and Health Management

Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) principles have considerable promise to change the game of lifecycle cost of engineering systems at high safety levels by providing a reliable estimate of future system states. This estimate is a key for planning and decision making in an operational setting. While technology solutions have made considerable advances, the tie-in into the systems engineering process is lagging behind, which delays fielding of PHM-enabled systems. The derivation of specifications from high level requirements for algorithm performance to ensure quality predictions is not well developed. From an engineering perspective some key parameters driving the requirements for prognostics performance include: (1) maximum allowable Probability of Failure (PoF) of the prognostic system to bound the risk of losing an asset, (2) tolerable limits on proactive maintenance to minimize missed opportunity of asset usage, (3) lead time to specify the amount of advanced warning needed for actionable decisions, and (4) required confidence to specify when prognosis is sufficiently good to be used. This paper takes a systems engineering view towards the requirements specification process and presents a method for the flowdown process. A case study based on an electric Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (e-UAV) scenario demonstrates how top level requirements for performance, cost, and safety flow down to the health management level and specify quantitative requirements for prognostic algorithm performance.
Action of some purin derivatives on the isolated bronchus

In connection with a study of the effects of various drugs on the isolated bronchi of pigs the authors studied a number of purin derivatives. The effects of caffein or trimethyl xanthin in doses of 1-20 mgm. in 25 c.c. of Locke's solution gave the following results; small doses produced no effect on bronchial muscle or occasionally a very slight constriction. After large doses of caffein a little relaxation of the normal bronchial preparations was noted. When, however, such bronchial preparations were first brought into a state of high tonus or contraction, as for instance on treatment with muscarin, the relaxing effect of a subsequent dose of caffein was much more marked. On the whole, however, the results obtained indicated that caffein has a very weak dilator effect on the bronchus.Following experiments with caffein, observations were made on the effects of theobromin or 1-3 dimethyl-xanthin and theocin or 3-7 dimethyl-xanthin. It was found that both dimethyl-xanthins produced much greater broncho-dila...
Game Design as Technical Communication: Articulating Game Design Through Textbooks

ABSTRACTThis article examines the framing of the designer’s role in game development in textbooks published and circulated over the past decade. The authors investigate the discursive ways coding is downplayed within game design texts as a means of promoting design as a form of creative expression. This speaks to ongoing tension in the games industry of coding and technology versus art. The authors argue that, in their presentation of game design, leading textbooks attempt to frame the field as one of artistry and technical practice, presenting game design as a type of technical communication. The authors ultimately consider the potential and pitfalls of considering game design as a technical communication field and suggest that this framing presents lens for considering the recently professionalized field.
A web-based system for public–private sector collaborative ecosystem management

To preserve biodiversity over centuries, ecosystem management will need to be accepted and practiced by individuals from a broad spectrum of society's strata. Also, management decisions will need to be based on reliable judgments of the cause and effect relationships that govern an ecosystem's dynamics. This article describes an extant, web-based ecosystem management system (EMS) that allows (a) wide participation in ecosystem assessment and policy impact predictions, (b) convenient construction of probabilistic models of ecosystem processes through an influence diagram, and (c) automatic creation of ecosystem assessment reports. For illustration, the system is used to first model the cheetah population in Kenya, and then to assess the impact on this population of different management options. The influence diagram used herein extends standard influence diagram theory to allow representation of variables governed by stochastic differential equations, birth–death processes, and other nongaussian, continuous probability distributions. For many ecosystems, data sets on ecosystem health indicators can be incomplete, small, and contain unknown measurement errors. Some amount of knowledge of an ecosystem's dynamics however, may exist in the form of expert opinion derived from ecological theory. The proposed EMS uses a nonbayesian parameter estimation method, called consistency analysis that finds parameter estimates such that the fitted ecosystem model is as faithful as possible to both the available data and the collected body of expert opinion. For illustration, consistency analysis is used to estimate the cheetah viability influence diagram using all known cheetah surveys in the country of Kenya plus current understanding of factors such as habitat and prey availability that affect cheetah population dynamics.
The Theory Model of Emotion Regulation

There is a growing interest in the research of emotion regulation(ER),and there is a big progress.The theory model of emotion regulation has attracted many researchers.The present theory models of emotion regulation are mainly progress model and structure model.Both models have its rationality,which reflect different researchers' different attention.In fact,emotion regulation can be deemed as a structure including some psychological component,or as a psychological progress occurring in order.
Research on the Performance Test Methods of Low Voltage Power Line Carrier Communication

Power Line Carrier equipments are widely used in the communications network of AMR and AMI systems. This paper analyzes the necessity and importance of the communication performance test for low-voltage power line carrier equipments,and points out that the communication performance tests should mainly contain receiver sensitivity,transmitter performance,anti-jamming capability,relay performance and so on.Focusing on the contents of the tests,we use the spectrum analyzer,artificial power source network,programmable attenuator and other devices to study and design the test methods.The majority of the test methods introduced in this paper has been implemented specifically and utilized to the actual testing.This article has great significance to the evaluation and selection of power line carrier communication products,and also has great significance for promoting the improvement of the relevant power line carrier communications products.
Investigation on tableware disinfection in canteens of kindergartens,primary and secondary school in Pinghu City from 2009-2011

[Objective]To understand the situation of tableware disinfection in kindergartens,primary and secondary schools in Pinghu City.[Methods]Canteens of 9 kindergartens,122 primary schools and 24 secondary schools were selected for supervision and inspection and field sampling,in accordance with the relevant national health standards.[Results]The qualified rate of school tableware disinfection effect increased annually in Pinghu City from 2009-2011,the difference was significant between years(P0.01).Among different types of tableware,stainless steel spoon had the highest qualified rate(83.03%),while chopsticks had the lowest(72.89%).Among different types of schools,tableware qualified rate in kindergartens was highest(85.00%),and lowest in the secondary school(72.65%).The effect of tableware disinfection was significantly different between urban and rural schools(P0.01).[Conclusion]In recent years,tableware disinfection effects of school in Pinghu city has improved greatly,in order to protect the health of students and teachers,the food safety supervision departments still have to continuously strengthen the tableware disinfection effect management in school.
Sensitivities of ionic explosives

ABSTRACTWe have investigated the relevance for ionic explosive sensitivity of three factors that have been demonstrated to be related to the sensitivities of molecular explosives. These are (1) the maximum available heat of detonation, (2) the amount of free space per molecule (or per formula unit) in the crystal lattice and (3) specific features of the electrostatic potential on the molecular or ionic surface. We find that for ionic explosives, just as for molecular ones, there is an overall tendency for impact sensitivity to increase as the maximum detonation heat release is greater. This means that the usual emphasis upon designing explosives with large heats of detonation needs to be tempered somewhat. We also show that a moderate detonation heat release does not preclude a high level of detonation performance for ionic explosives, as was already demonstrated for molecular ones. Relating the free space per formula unit to sensitivity may require a modified procedure for ionic explosives; this will con...
Adaptive Hypermedia: Systems, Efficient Techniques and Implementation on the World Wide Web

The aim of this 3-hour tutorial is to introduce the participants to adaptive hypertext and hypermedia, a new area of research in human-computer interaction, to present a number of recent efficient adaptive hypermedia technologies on a level of detail which will enable the use of these technologies in the attendees’ own systems, and demonstrate the implementation of adaptive hypermedia on the WWW. The tutorial is oriented to an intermediate level audience: HCI researchers and practitioners interested in designing advanced hypermedia applications and advanced WWW applications, as well as researchers who work in, or who wish to learn more about, the field of adaptive and intelligent interfaces.
Collaborative Interaction: Review of Communication Scholarship and a Research Agenda

It appears that collaborative interaction is nearly everywhere, including our dyadic relationships, our schools, our doctors offices, our workplaces, and our local and international communities. Furthermore, mounting evidence points to the conclusion that collaborative interaction has great promise as a tool across contexts. Unfortunately, despite the growing use and recognition of effective collaboration, very little synthesis exists across various domains of literature about how collaborative interaction works and its critical components. This chapter serves as a means to examine these disparate sets of literature, with an eye toward creating synthesis across the various domains. This chapter reviews 80 sources published within the last decade that concern collaboration in various contexts, including developmental/learning, interpersonal relationships, conflict, group problem solving and decision making, health (spanning the micro-macro range from doctor-patient communication, health-care teams, and com...
Beliefs as signals: A new function for belief

AbstractBeliefs serve at least two broad functions. First, they help us navigate the world. Second, they serve as signals to manipulate others. Philosophers and psychologists have focused on the first function while largely overlooking the second. This article advances a conception of signals and makes a prima facie case for a social signaling function for at least some beliefs. Truth and rational support are often irrelevant to the signaling function. If some beliefs evolved for a signaling function, then we should expect various biases that aid in the manipulation of others.
Chloride Transport in the Squid Giant Axon

The squid giant axon has been the object of study by neurobiologists for almost 50 years. It arises in the stellate ganglion as the syncytial fusion of several hundred small axons arising from separate ganglionic cells. Depending upon the squid species of origin, the diameter of the giant axon can vary from 200 µm to 1500 µm. The most commonly used species, Loligo pealei and L. forbesi, have axons with diameters of 400–900 µM. The large size of the axon functionally serves to permit the rapid conduction of action potentials by reducing the electrical resistance of the axoplasm. Thus, the axon serves to rapidly transmit excitatory signals to the musculature of the mantle wall thereby permitting rapid escape or attack movements.
Assessing Wellness Outcomes for Participants in Adult Day Services: Options for Activity Professionals

ABSTRACTCurrent Aims: Activity professionals are integrally involved with programming for participants in adult day services (ADS) designed to promote health and function. Because little guidance currently exists, this study aimed to systematically identify assessments suitable for measuring ADS wellness program outcomes. Methods: Systematic literature review methods identified 57 assessments in six domains: cognitive, mood, energy/activity/participation, motor, balance, and overall health/wellness. Each assessment was evaluated for psychometric properties; practical considerations; and suitability for persons with various cognitive and ambulatory levels, and group administration. Each assessment was rated from 1 (not suitable) to 4 (highly suitable), and an informational matrix was constructed to include assessments receiving scores of 3 or 4. Results: Nine appropriate outcomes measures were identified and two cognitive assessment for pre-program screening were identified. Conclusions: The matrix can be ...
Rebuttal from Billman on Point:Counterpoint: Exercise training-induced bradycardia.

boyett and coworkers ([4][1]) identified three potential weaknesses with the autonomic neural hypothesis: 1 ) the contribution of changes in heart rate (HR) to heart rate variability (HRV), 2 ) the HR response to atropine, and 3 ) training effects in cardiac transplant patients. The authors note
Training Student Drivers: Using a Flipped Classroom Model for IL Instruction

Abstract This chapter examines the natural synergy between experiential learning (EL) and the flipped classroom model. It opens with an examination of research skills that employers desire and how information literacy (IL) instruction can support job readiness. It then provides a pedagogical review of EL and the flipped classroom model. A case study is presented of revising an IL class currently using the flipped model to incorporate greater amounts of EL. These revisions take greater advantage of EL opportunities offered via the flipped classroom and seek to tie into employability, threshold concepts, and the ACRL framework. Samples of revised assignments are included, along with summaries of success, failures, and practical advice.
Ion-Hydrocarbon and/or Ion-Ion Interactions: Direct and Reverse Hofmeister Effects in a Synthetic Host.

A combination of 1H NMR spectroscopy, DLS, and turbidity measurements reveal that polarizable anions engender both the Hofmeister and reverse Hofmeister effects in positand 2. Host 2 possesses two principal and distinctly different binding sites: a “soft” nonpolar pocket and a “hard” crown of ammonium cations. NMR spectroscopy reveals that anion affinity to both sites is comparable, with each site showing characteristic selectivities. NMR spectroscopy also reveals that anions competitively bind to the pocket and induce the Hofmeister effect in host–guest binding at very low concentrations (∼2 mM). Furthermore, the suite of techniques utilized demonstrates that anion binding to both sites leads to charge attenuation, aggregation, and finally precipitation (the reverse Hofmeister effect). Anion-induced precipitation generally correlated with affinity, and comparisons between the free host and its adamantane carboxylate (Ada-CO2–) complex reveals that the reverse Hofmeister effect is attenuated by blocking a...
Ambient and Traffic-Related Air Pollution Exposures as Novel Risk Factors for Metabolic Dysfunction and Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a top contributor to the global burden of mortality and disability in adults. There has also been a slow but steady rise in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in youth. The current review summarizes recent findings regarding the impact of increased exposure to air pollutants on the type 2 diabetes epidemic. Human and animal studies provide strong evidence that exposures to ambient and traffic-related air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) play an important role in metabolic dysfunction and type 2 diabetes etiology. This work is supported by recent findings that have observed similar effect sizes for increased exposure to air pollutants on clinical measures of risk for type 2 diabetes in children and adults. Further, studies indicate that these effects may be more pronounced among individuals with existing risk factors, including obesity and prediabetes. Current epidemiological evidence suggests that increased air pollution exposure contributes to alterations in insulin signaling, glucose metabolism, and beta (β)-cell function. Future work is needed to identify the specific detrimental pollutants that alter glucose metabolism. Additionally, advanced tools and new areas of investigation present unique opportunities to study the underlying mechanisms, including intermediate pathways, that link increased air pollution exposure with type 2 diabetes onset.
Appearance Discrimination and the Law

Appearance discrimination is prevalent and widespread. Unfortunately, individuals subjected to appearance discrimination have limited options for legal protection or recourse. This article summarizes the current status (and challenges) of federal, state, and local legislation to prohibit appearance discrimination; describes the legal landscape of weight discrimination; discusses potential alternatives and solutions to address appearance discrimination; and discusses public opinion about this social injustice.
Analyses of various control schemes for continuous bioreactors

A common framework is laid through which the feasibilities and efficacies of various control schemes for continuous bioreactors can be evaluated using only the steady state information. It is shown that many important and practical conclusion can be drawn based on the steady state growth models. For this purpose two well known steady state growth models are used, the Monod model and the substrate inhibition model. The control schemes that are reviewed and theoretically analyzed in terms of potential advantages as well as disadvantages, include turbidostats, nutristats, pH-auxostats and those based on various rates such as the base addition rate, the oxygen absorption rate, the oxygen uptake rate, and carbon dioxide evaluation rate. The feasibility of these control schemes is tested by cheking the local controllability and/or stability criteria, while the practical effectiveness is evaluated by analyzing the steady state gains. Existence of input multiplicity is also checked to point out potentially poor static and/or dynamic performances. Finally, a new control scheme is proposed, which is superior to the conventional continuous bioreactor operations and which allows for a multivariable control scheme.
Neuro-Fuzzy Approaches to Anticipatory Control

Anticipatory systems are systems where change of state is based on information pertaining to present as well as future states. Cellular organisms, industrial processes, global markets, provide many examples of behavior where global output is the result of anticipated not only current state. In the global economy, for example, the anticipation of an oil shortage or of a significant default of foreign loans can have profound effects upon the course of the economy, whether or not the anticipated events come to pass [3]. Participants in the economy build up models of the rest of the economy and use them to make predictions. The models are more prescriptive (prescribing what should be done in a given situation) than descriptive (describing the options of a given situation) and involve strategies appropriately formulated in terms of lookahead, or anticipation of market conditions. In an industrial process, the prescriptions are typically Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), dictating actions to be taken under specific conditions. The accumulated experience of various decision-makers at all levels of the process provides increasingly refined SOPs and progressively more sophisticated interactions amongst them and computer tools designed to assist them. As another example, consider a car driven on a busy highway. The driver and the car taken together are a simple, everyday example of an anticipatory system. An automobile driver makes decisions on the basis of predicting what may be happening in the future, not simply reacting to what happens at the present. Driving requires one to be aware of future system inputs by observing the curvature and grade of the road ahead, road conditions and the behavior of other drivers. Perceptual information received at the present, may be thought of as input to internal predictive models. Such a system, however, is very difficult to model using conventional approaches. In part the difficulty relates to the fact that conventional predictive models are unduly constrained by excessive precision. Generally, in situations like the driver-car system, it is important for a decision-maker (the driver) to use a parsimonious description of the overall situation, that is, a model at the appropriate level of precision. Predictions about the future are not very precise and of course they may be wrong. Yet, their efficacy does not rest on precision as much as on the more general issue of accuracy and their successful utilization. High levels of precision may not only be unnecessary for problems utilizing predicted values, they may very well be counterproductive. An over-precise driver may actually be a dangerous driver.
Relative Sea Levels, Northeastern Margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, on Timescales of 103 and 102 A

Three decades of research on the relative sea level (RSL) history along the NE margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) is reviewed and placed in the context of glacial/environmental conditions that may explain the field relationships. These responses are viewed on timescales of thousands of years in terms of differences between early and late last glaciation events, and in hundreds of years for the late (Foxe) glaciation. Recent research on SE Baffin Is. has concentrated on the identification of Holocene marine transgressions through a program of coring lakes below marine limits. An analysis of data from the Jackman Sound area, Frobisher Bay, adjacent to the Terra Nivea Ice Cap, suggests a RSL curve that includes a rapid fall in RSL from 80 to 0 m aht, a rapid rise to ca. 34 m aht by ca. 8.4 ka, and then a final interval of emergence. Although supported by several lines of evidence this scenario is still a hypothesis, but it may indicate that short-lived glacial re-advances can result in an appreciable depression of the crust at sites proximal to the ice margin.
"Healthy Sexuality": “It’s not gay or bad, it’s SSAD"

Many ex-gays claim to be part of a marginalized group: the disability community. They claim that their homoerotic desires are indicative of mental illness and thus make them disabled. This essay explores the implications of this claimed disability. Given the context of a growing desire for queer-crip coalition work, how does the existence of ex-gays affects our theorization of disability and sexuality, pushing us to be more aware of the messiness of identity politics?
Reliability Analyses Approach for Flagship Space Missions: The Europa Clipper Case Study

Recently, the Europa Clipper spacecraft transitioned from its concept development phase into its preliminary design phase, and many of the risk reduction and reliability analyses activities have started. This paper is the first of a series of papers that will capture risk reduction and reliability analyses activities as the spacecraft progresses through its lifecycle. This paper provides the reader with an overview of the Europa Clipper mission, including unique factors which could negatively impact mission success. The reliability and risk mitigation strategies to be implemented are described and two of the preliminary analyses performed are introduced to the audience: Failure Modes Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) for Europa Clipper's Solar Arrays. As scientists and engineers continue collaborating to build and integrate the state-of-the-art spacecraft, there are several challenges looming in the horizon, making Europa Clipper a perfect case study to assess the impact of incorporating reliability and risk analyses early in the design process.
Incidence of posterior shoulder instability and trends in surgical reconstruction: a 22-year population-based study

Background The incidence of posterior shoulder instability (PSI) in the general population is not well defined. This study aimed to define the population-based incidence of PSI and describe trends in incidence and surgery rates. Methods The study population included 143 patients (16 females, 127 males) diagnosed with new-onset PSI between January 1, 1994, and December 31, 2015. Medical records were reviewed to extract patient data. Age- and sex-specific incidence rates were calculated and adjusted to the 2010 United States population. Poisson regression was performed to examine trends by timeline, sex, and age. Results Age- and sex- adjusted annual incidence of PSI was 4.64 per 100,000 person-years, and posterior dislocation was 1.30 per 100,000 person-years. Peak PSI incidence for males and females was at 14 to 19 years (31.82 and 5.23 per 100,000 person-years). PSI incidence was higher in males than females (8.86 vs. 1.07 per 100,000 person-years, P Conclusion The age- and sex- adjusted incidence of PSI in the general population was 4.64 per 100,000 person-years. There is a significantly greater incidence of PSI in males than females, with both sexes peaking at 14 to 19 years and incidence rates remaining elevated throughout the third and fourth decades of life. The incidence of PSI remained stable over time; however, the rate of surgical intervention increased significantly, from 53.1% of patients between 1996 and 2002 to 87.5% of patients between 2009 and 2015.
Methods for transplantation of sea urchin blastomeres.

Abstract The stereotypic cleavage pattern of sea urchin embryos provides a platform for dissection of early lineage decisions that lead to cell diversification. Cell transplantation provides a useful tool for understanding those decisions. The methods described in this paper provide a guide for how to produce embryonic mosaics in which either one cell is transplanted or an entire tier of cells are transplanted to a host embryo. Although the results of such a cut and paste experiment can be documented in many ways, one of the most useful approaches follows progeny of the transplanted cell as they go through morphogenesis using time-lapse imaging. Methods for mounting and imaging the embryos are provided.
Green barley mitigates cytotoxicity in human lymphocytes undergoing aggressive oxidative stress, via activation of both the Lyn/PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK pathways.

Oxidative stress plays a critical role in numerous diseases. Therefore, the pursuit of compounds with antioxidant activity remains critical. Green barley young leaves aqueous extract (GB) was tested for its capacity to ameliorate cellular oxidative stress, and its potential cytoprotective mechanism was partially elucidated. Through Folin-Ciocalteau and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) colorimetric assays, GB total phenolic content and free radical scavenging activity were found to be 59.91 ± 2.17 mg/L and 110.75 µg/ml (IC50), respectively. Using a live cell-based propidium iodide dye exclusion assay and flow cytometry, GB was found to display significant cytoprotection activity on three human lymphocytic cell lines exposed to an aggressive H2O2-induced oxidative stress. The molecular mechanism for GB cytoprotection activity was assessed via bead-based xMAP technology on the Luminex platform and western blot analysis. GB treatment resulted in activation of Lyn, Akt, and ERK1/2, suggesting that GB is able to mitigate the H2O2-induced oxidative stress via activation of both the Lyn/PI3K/Akt and ERK/MAPK pathways. Our findings support the notion that GB extract has the potential to be a valuable therapeutic agent and may serve to establish a strategy to discover potential compound(s) or biological extracts/mixtures to be incorporated as a treatment to prevent oxidative stress-related diseases.
Disaster recovery among older adults: Exploring the intersection of vulnerability and resilience

Abstract Over the past few decades, scholars have made significant progress in identifying factors that increase disaster vulnerability among older adults—a critical step toward reducing their disproportionate rates of morbidity and mortality in the context of extreme events. However, scholars often speak on behalf of seniors without ever engaging them, effectively omitting their role from calculations about their own disaster outcomes. Further, few studies have sought to explore how these individuals navigate the post-disaster environment over the longer term. I address these oversights by pairing theoretical perspectives on social capital and social vulnerability to analyze narratives from community-dwelling elders who were recovering from the 2013 Colorado floods
Decreased erythrocyte binding of Siglec-9 increases neutrophil activation in sickle cell disease.

Abstract Oxidative stress and inflammation promote vaso-occlusion in sickle cell disease (SCD). CD33-related Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (CD33rSiglecs) are cell surface proteins that recognize sialic acids inhibit innate immune cell functions. We have shown that Siglec-9 on human neutrophils interact with erythrocyte sialic acids (prominently glycophorin-A (GYPA) to suppress neutrophil reactive oxygen species (ROS). We hypothesized that altered sickle erythrocyte membrane sialic acid leads to decreased Siglec-9 binding capability, and thus a decreased neutrophil oxidative burst. SS erythrocytes express significantly more sialic acid than AA erythrocytes (p = 0.02). SS erythrocytes displayed significantly less Siglec-9-Fc binding 39% ± 11 (mean ± SEM) compared to AA erythrocytes 78% ± 5 (p = 0.009). Treatment of AA erythrocytes with sialidase to remove sialic acid decreased binding to 3% ± 7.9 (p ≤ 0.001). When freshly isolated neutrophils were incubated with AA erythrocytes, neutrophils achieved 16% ± 6 of the oxidative burst exhibited by a stimulated neutrophil without erythrocytes. In contrast, neutrophils incubated with SS erythrocytes achieved 47% ± 6 of the oxidative burst (AA versus SS, p = 0.03). Stimulated neutrophils incubated with AA erythrocytes showed minimal NET formation while with SS erythrocytes NETs increased. SS erythrocytes are deficient in binding to neutrophil Siglec-9 which may contribute to the increased oxidative stress in SCD.
Compassionate Care for the Unconscious and Incapacitated

The shortcomings of philosophical and bioethical inquiry in elucidating the scope and basis of surrogate decision-making authority generate profound practical dilemmas for clinicians who regularly ...
Pathologic findings and clinical outcomes in women undergoing risk-reducing surgery to prevent ovarian and fallopian tube carcinoma: A large prospective single institution experience.

Abstract Objectives Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) is recommended for women at increased risk of ovarian, fallopian tube (FT), and peritoneal carcinoma (collectively OC). We describe rates of occult neoplasia in the largest single-institution prospective cohort of women undergoing RRSO, including those with mutations in non-BRCA homologous repair (HRR) genes. Methods Participants undergoing RRSO enrolled in a prospective tissue bank between 1999 and 2017. Ovaries and FTs were serially sectioned in all cases. Participants had OC susceptibility gene mutations or a family history suggesting OC risk. Analyses were completed in Stata IC 15.1. Results Of 644 women, 194 (30.1%) had mutations in BRCA1, 177 (27.5%) BRCA2, 27 (4.2%) other HRR genes, and 15 (2.3%) Lynch Syndrome-associated genes. Seventeen (2.6%) had occult neoplasms at RRSO, 15/17 (88.2%) in the FT. Of BRCA1 carriers, 14/194 (7.2%) had occult neoplasia, 8/194 (4.1%) invasive. One PALB2 and two BRCA2 carriers had intraepithelial FT neoplasms. Occult neoplasm occurred more frequently in BRCA1/2 carriers ≥45 years of age (6.5% vs 2.2%, chi square, p = .04), and 211/371 (56.9%) BRCA1/2 carriers had surgery after guideline-recommended ages. Four in 8 (50%) invasive and 2/9 (22%) intraepithelial neoplasms had positive pelvic washings. None with intraepithelial neoplasms developed recurrence or peritoneal carcinoma. Conclusions BRCA1 carriers have the highest risk of occult neoplasia at RRSO, and the frequency increased with age. Women with BRCA1/2 mutations often have RRSO beyond recommended ages. One PALB2 carrier had FT intraepithelial neoplasia, a novel finding. Serial sectioning is critical to identifying occult neoplasia and should be performed for all risk-reducing surgeries.
Disparities in Video and Telephone Visits Among Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Background: Telephone and video telemedicine appointments have been a crucial service delivery method during the COVID-19 pandemic for maintaining access to health care without increasing the risk of exposure. Although studies conducted prior to the pandemic have suggested that telemedicine is an acceptable format for older adults, there is a paucity of data on the practical implementation of telemedicine visits. Due to prior lack of reimbursement for telemedicine visits involving nonrural patients, no studies have compared telephone visits to video visits in geriatric primary care. Objective: This study aimed to determine (1) whether video visits had longer durations, more visit diagnoses, and more advance care planning discussions than telephone visits during the rapid implementation of telemedicine in the COVID-19 pandemic, and (2) whether disparities in visit type existed based on patient characteristics. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of patients seen at two geriatric clinics from April 23 to May 22, 2020. Approximately 25% of patients who had telephone and video appointments during this time underwent chart review. We analyzed patient characteristics, visit characteristics, duration of visits, number of visit diagnoses, and the presence of advance care planning discussion in clinical documentation. Results: Of the 190 appointments reviewed, 47.4% (n=90) were video visits. Compared to telephone appointments, videoconferencing was, on average, 7 minutes longer (mean 37.3 minutes, SD 10 minutes; P<.001) and had, on average, 1.2 more visit diagnoses (mean 5.7, SD 3; P=.001). Video and telephone visits had similar rates of advance care planning. Furthermore, hearing, vision, and cognitive impairment did not result in different rates of video or telephone appointments. Non-White patients, patients who needed interpreter services, and patients who received Medicaid were less likely to have video visits than White patients, patients who did not need an interpreter, and patients who did not receive Medicaid, respectively (P=.003, P=.01, P<.001, respectively). Conclusions: Although clinicians spent more time on video visits than telephone visits, more than half of this study’s older patients did not use video visits, especially if they were from racial or ethnic minority backgrounds or Medicaid beneficiaries. This potential health care disparity merits greater attention.
Odd Willis coupling induced by broken time-reversal symmetry.

When sound interacts with geometrically asymmetric structures, it experiences coupling between pressure and particle velocity, known as Willis coupling. While in most instances this phenomenon is perturbative in nature, tailored asymmetries combined with resonances can largely enhance it, enabling exotic acoustic phenomena. In these systems, Willis coupling obeys reciprocity, imposing an even symmetry of the Willis coefficients with respect to time reversal and the impinging wave vector, which translates into stringent constraints on the overall scattering response. In this work, we introduce and experimentally observe a dual form of acoustic Willis coupling, arising in geometrically symmetric structures when time-reversal symmetry is broken, for which the pressure-velocity coupling is purely odd-symmetric. We derive the conditions to maximize this effect, we experimentally verify it in a symmetric subwavelength scatterer biased by angular momentum, and we demonstrate the opportunities for sound scattering enabled by odd Willis coupling. Our study opens directions for acoustic metamaterials, with direct implications for sound control, non-reciprocal scattering, wavefront shaping and signal routing, of broad interest also for nano-optics, photonics, elasto-dynamics, and mechanics. Exploiting Willis coupling in acoustic metamaterials with designed geometrical asymmetries opens up new opportunities related to sound control and manipulation. Here, the authors report a dual form of Willis coupling in geometrically symmetric acoustic scatterers.