cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nanochemoprevention by bioactive food components: a perspective.

Chemoprevention through the use of bioactive food components is a practical approach for cancer control. Despite abundant efficacy data under preclinical settings, this strategy has resulted in limited success for human cancer control. Amongst many reasons, inefficient systemic delivery and bioavailability of promising chemopreventive agents are considered to significantly contribute to such a disconnect. We recently introduced a novel concept in which we utilized nanotechnology for enhancing the outcome of chemoprevention (Cancer Res. 2009; 69:1712–6) and termed it nanochemoprevention. To establish the proof-of-principle of nanotechnology for cancer management, we determined the efficacy of a well-known chemopreventive agent epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) encapsulated in polylactic acid (PLA)-polyethylene glycol (PEG) nanoparticles in preclinical settings and observed that, compared to non-encapsulated EGCG, nano-EGCG retained its biological efficacy with over 10-fold dose advantage both in cell culture system and in vivo settings in athymic nude mice implanted with human prostate cancer cells. This study laid the foundation of nanochemoprevention by bioactive food components. Since oral consumption is the most desirable and acceptable form of delivery of bioactive food components, it will be important to develop nanoparticles containing bioactive food components that are suitable for oral consumption for which experiments are underway in this laboratory.
Aspectos éticos en el manejo de pacientes con demencia

Resumen Se comentan 4 asuntos que implican problemas eticos en el trato de pacientes con demencia: el estudio de antecedentes geneticos, el empleo descuidado de la palabra demencia, la proliferacion de medicos que buscan nuevos casos y la posibilidad de que los enfermos establezcan directivas anticipadas, cuando aun estan en condiciones de hacerlo.
High-speed dynamic laser speckle imaging of changes of microcirculation in vivo

In this study, we aims to evaluate the capability of a new developed laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) system for mapping microvascular perfusion and to demonstrate the capability of LSCI to assess transient change of blood perfusion with high flow sensitivity. Through well defined phantom experiments, we found that there is a critical point that divides the velocity domain into two halves, one half that is below the critical point where the higher the velocity, the higher the speckle contrast is; and it is however opposite in the other half. Our study shows that the increasing of the camera exposure time value causes decreasing of the critical point value. For the first time, this finding is proposed and provides a novel explanation about the laser speckle temporal contrast imaging (LSTCI). To further validate, measurements were performed on mouse ear flap during occlusion of the root artery circulation to modify the whole mouse ear flap perfusion. Finally, the speckle contrast maps of dynamic microvascular blood flow in the mouse ear flap were demonstrated. The promising results show that the LSCI system can give useful information as to blood flow change.
Fan-out routing and optical splitting techniques for compact optical interconnects using single-mode polymer waveguides

Polymer waveguide (WG) S-bends are necessary for fan-out routing techniques and optical splitting in high-density optical interconnects. Designing and manufacturing of optimal S-bends are critical for minimizing optical link loss while maintaining overall size and layout constraints. Complete structural loss analysis is demonstrated theoretically and shown experimentally utilizing both radial and transitional loss in single-mode (SM) polymer WG radial arc, cosine, and raised-sine S-bend profiles. SM polymer WG straights were first fabricated to measure standard propagation loss. SM WG S-bends were fabricated incorporating straight lead-in and lead-out sections to incorporate transitional loss present in workable designs. S-bend designs were measured at different dimensions and matched to theoretical losses. Compact cosine and radial arc S-bends exhibited the lowest structure loss for low and high NA WGs, respectively. High-speed performance of SM WG straights and S-bends was measured at 10 Gbit/s demonstr...
The london approximation and the calculation of dispersion interactions as a sum of atom-atom terms

A London approximation utilizing atomic valence state ionization potentials and static polarizabilities yields C6 results in good agreement with accurate values for a number of systems. Generally there is considerable improvement over the results obtained using the London approximation in conjunction with molecular parameters and reasons for this are discussed.
Transdermal Dual-Controlled Delivery of Testosterone and Estradiol: (II) Enhanced Skin Permeability and Membrane-Moderated Delivery

AbstractIn the second report of this series of investigations, series of alkanols, alkanoic acids and propyl alkanoates were evaluated for their potential as skin permeation enhancers for testosterone and estradiol delivered from a multilaminate-type transdermal drug delivery (m-TDD) system. Results indicated that permeation rates vary with the length of alkyl chain and the maximum enhancement effect is attained with alkanol having n=6–8 (n is the number of methylene groups), alkanoic acid having n=8–10, and propyl alkanoate having n=10–12. The enhancing effect of series of sorbitan esters and polysorbates on the skin permeation of testosterone was also studied; and the results indicated that sorbitan esters are effective skin permeation enhancer, while polysorbates are not. The effect of enhancer loading on the skin permeation rates of testosterone and estradiol, the barrier property of permselective membrane, the dosage rate ratio of testosterone/estradiol was extensively studied; and the effect of vari...
Adrenomedullin-2, a Novel Calcitonin/Calcitonin-Gene-Related Peptide Family Peptide, Relaxes Rat Mesenteric Artery: Influence of Pregnancy

Adrenomedullin-2 (ADM2), a novel calcitonin/calcitonin-gene-related peptide family peptide, is reported to reduce blood pressure in both normal and hypertensive rats. This study demonstrates gestational regulation of circulatory ADM2 in rat plasma. ADM2 dose-dependently reduces the mean arterial pressure in rats, whereas the hypotensive effect of ADM2 is significantly higher during pregnancy. In addition, immunoreactive ADM2 protein is distributed in perivascular fibers of rat mesenteric artery, and levels of pre-pro-ADM2 are significantly (P<0.05) elevated in pregnant compared with nonpregnant rat mesenteric artery. Furthermore, incubation of endothelium intact arterial tissue from pregnant rats with ADM217-47, an ADM2 antagonist, shifted the dose-dependent relaxation curve to the right in wire myography. Inhibition of soluble guanylate cyclase with 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (10 microM) or endothelial nitric oxide synthase with N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (100 microM) reduced the relaxation of mesenteric artery induced by ADM2. Inhibition of adenylate cyclase with SQ22536 (10 microM) or protein kinase A with the Rp diastereomer of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-phosphorothioate (10 microM) also reduced the maximal relaxation responses induced by ADM2. Blockade of calcium-activated potassium channels with tetraethylammonium chloride (1 mM) inhibited the ADM2-induced relaxation, whereas blockade of ATP-sensitive potassium channels with glybenclamide (10 microM) did not affect the relaxation response. Hence the mechanism of ADM2-induced vasorelaxation is nitric oxide and receptor mediated and cGMP and cAMP dependent and occurs through activation of calcium-activated potassium channels. In conclusion, rat pregnancy is associated with increased levels of circulatory and vascular tissue ADM2 with concomitant increase in the in vivo hypotensive effect of ADM2 and vascular reactivity of mesenteric artery to ADM2, thus suggesting involvement of ADM2 in vascular adaptations during pregnancy.
Biomaterials Immobilized with Chitosan for Rechargeable Antimicrobial Drug Delivery

Microbial contamination on medical device material surfaces causes serious problems including device-related infections. Here we report a new strategy to produce rechargeable antimicrobial biomaterial surfaces to address the issue. Methacrylic acid (MAA) was grafted onto the surfaces of polyurethane (PU), a widely used biomaterial with excellent biological and mechanical properties. Chitosan was covalently bonded onto the MAA-grafted surfaces. The new chitosan-containing PU strongly bound and then slowed release anionic antibiotics (e.g., rifampin) for weeks to months to kill microbes. The released drug could be recharged with the same or a different class of drugs to further extend antimicrobial duration. Also, the new surfaces demonstrated good biocompatibility against mammal cells, pointing to great potentials for a wide range of biomedical applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
The Aryl-hydrocarbon receptor does not require the p23 co-chaperone for ligand binding and target gene expression in vivo

The Aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates most of the toxic affects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-(p)-dioxin (TCDD) and other xenobiotic compounds. The AHR cytoplasmic complex consists of two molecules of HSP90 and at least one molecule of Hepatitis B Virus-X associated protein 2 and the co-chaperone p23. With the use of in vitro model systems, p23 has been shown previously to be important to maintaining the efficient ligand binding and subsequent downstream inducibility of the AHR. In this study we attempted to identify the role p23 plays in AHR signaling in vivo using a p23 null mouse. Ligand binding assays and western blot analysis revealed that p23 was not required for AHR protein stability and competent ligand binding in liver. Real-time RT-PCR analysis conducted on p23 null, heterozygous and homozygous mice suggested that p23 is dispensable for stable AHR protein levels, or efficient TCDD-mediated AHR activation of Cyp1a1 and Cyp1a2.
Incorporating Historical Control Data When Comparing Tumor Incidence Rates

Animal carcinogenicity studies, such as those conducted by the U.S. National Toxicology Program (NTP), focus on detecting trends in tumor rates across dose groups. Over time, the NTP has compiled vast amounts of data on tumors in control animals. Currently, this information is used informally, without the benefit of statistical tests for carcinogenicity that directly incorporate historical data on control animals. This article proposes a survival-adjusted test for detecting dose-related trends in tumor incidence rates, which incorporates data on historical control rates and formally accounts for variation in these rates among studies. An extensive simulation, based on a wide range of realistic situations, demonstrates that the proposed test performs well compared with the current NTP test, which does not incorporate historical control data. In particular, our test can aid in interpreting the occurrence of a few tumors in treated animals that are rarely seen in controls. One such example, which motivates o...
An integrative framework linking brand associations and brand loyalty in professional sports

This study provides a conceptual framework linking brand loyalty and brand associations in professional team sports. The study is primarily inspired from Gladden and Funk where they examined the link between brand associations and loyalty in professional sports in USA, without distinguishing between sports and clubs. Based on Aaker's general conceptualisation of brand equity and Keller's model on consumer-based brand equity, an integrative conceptual framework is developed for identifying various dimensions of brand associations that are predictive of brand loyalty in professional sports.
DNR orders and medical futility.

To the Editor. —In the Editorial 1 regarding the study by Dr Curtis and colleagues, 2 Ms Alpers and Dr Lo note that the study may "underestimate problems" experienced at institutions without the "distinguished" bioethical experience of the setting of Curtis and colleagues. Specifically, I believe this to be true: in hospitals where physicians are not experienced with futility decisions, the "slow code" becomes the predominant method of limiting the inappropriate use of CPR. A slow code is distinguished from other attempts at CPR by its purpose: to appear as a resuscitative effort but without the intention of therapeutic benefit for the patient. A slow code feigns medical therapy and serves nonmedical purposes such as avoiding the perceived legal risks of writing a DNAR order based on futility. During my residency training in internal medicine, completed in 1993 in New York City, the use of slow codes was common, while
A rapid and sensitive high pressure liquid chromatography assay for deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates in cell extracts.

An assay for simultaneous quantitation of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) in cell extracts is described. Following destruction of ribonucleotides by treatment with periodate and methylamine, dNTPs are separated by high pressure liquid chromatography and quantitated by their ultraviolet absorbance upon elution. Destruction of ribonucleotides is complete (>99.9%), the resulting mixture is suitable for direct injection without further manipulation, and recovery of dNTPs is reproducible and near quantitative. This technique offers a simple and rapid alternative to either DNA polymerase or thin-layer chromatography assays for dNTPs in cellular extracts.
The grasping behaviour, locomotion and substrate use of the tree shrews Tupaia minor and T. tana (Mammalia, Scandentia)

The grasping behaviour, locomotion and substrate use of the tree shrews Tupaia minor and T. tana were investigated in the Department of Zoological Research at the National Zoological Park in Washington, DC. Seven arboreal T. minor and five terrestrial T. tana were observed and videotaped for 10-min focal animal samples totalling 77 h of observation. Locomotion and substrate use were scored and images of grasping behaviour were captured from videotapes. Tupaia minor individuals were videotaped crossing dowels and the number of dowel crossings that included grasps were scored. In 84% of dowel crossings, T. minor individuals used either their hallux or their pollex to grasp the dowels. Tupaia minor was also more active, moved more quickly, was more arboreal, rooted less, reversed its feet more, flexed its forelimbs more and was more semi-plantigrade than T. tana . It is proposed that arboreal tupaiids, such as Ptilocercus lowii and T. minor , may represent better models for early primates than didelphid marsupials because they are capable of grasping and are more closely related to primates.
Detection of bromodeoxyuridine incorporation by alteration of the fluorescence emission from nucleic acid binding dyes using only an argon ion laser.

A method was developed that uses paired DNA dyes to detect the incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) into cellular DNA and requires only 488 nm excitation. The flurescence of thiazole blue, TO-PRO-3 and LDS-751 was found to be enhanced by the presence of Brd Urd in DNA. Pairing LDS-751, thiazole blue, or TO-PRO-3 with propidium iodide (PI) for flow cytometry allowed the differentiation of cells containing BrdUrd from BrdUrd unlabeled cells. LDS-751 can be excited directly at 488 nm, and TO-PRO-3 or thiazole blue can be excited indirectly by resonance energy transfer from PI. The enhancement of fluorescence from these dyes is correlated with a decrease in PI fluorescence, suggesting an increased energy transfer from PI to the red emitting dye. Flurescence from other dyes, including thiazole orange, TO-PRO-1, rhodamine 800, oxazine 750, and 7-aminoactinomycin D, was not altered by the presence of BrdUrd in DNA. Results also were obtained showing that BrdUrd detection using PI and TO-PRO-3 is compatible with immunofluorescence staining with FITC-labeled antibodies. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
MIMO-based jamming resilient communication in wireless networks

Reactive jamming is considered the most powerful jamming attack as the attack efficiency is maximized while the risk of being detected is minimized. Currently, there are no effective anti-jamming solutions to secure OFDM wireless communications under reactive jamming attack. On the other hand, MIMO has emerged as a technology of great research interest in recent years mostly due to its capacity gain. In this paper, we explore the use of MIMO technology for jamming resilient OFDM communication, especially its capability to communicate against the powerful reactive jammer. We first investigate the jamming strategies and their impacts on the OFDM-MIMO receivers. We then present a MIMO-based anti-jamming scheme that exploits interference cancellation and transmit precoding capabilities of MIMO technology to turn a jammed non-connectivity scenario into an operational network. Our testbed evaluation shows the destructive power of reactive jamming attack, and also validates the efficacy and efficiency of our defense mechanisms.
Why interdisciplinary accounting research tends not to impact most North American academic accountants

Abstract Interdisciplinary accounting research (IAR) has not impacted the North American academic accounting research community to any material extent. This commentary is intended to provide a North American perspective on why this situation exists and what might be done to change it. The commentary explains that in the eyes of so-called “mainstream” researchers IAR research appears to suffer from one or more of three main problems—lack of relevance, questionable research contributions, and/or poor communication of findings. It is difficult to discern the contributions of even the best IAR research. The commentary concludes by providing suggestions for making the contributions of IAR research more easily recognizable by mainstream researchers.
AN ANIMAL MODEL OF EXCESSIVE EATING: SCHEDULE‐INDUCED HYPERPHAGIA IN FOOD‐SATIATED RATS

Nineteen rats were maintained throughout the experiment on ad libitum wet mash and water and were trained to press a lever on fixed-interval or fixed-ratio schedules of reinforcement with electrical brain stimulation. Fourteen rats ate at least 150% more mash during intermittent reinforcement sessions than during baseline, massed reinforcement control, and/or extinction sessions. In a 3-hr session, 11 of those 14 consumed more than 22 g of wet mash (13 g dry weight), the equivalent of nearly half an animal's daily food intake. In subsequent control sessions, the electrodes did not support stimulus-bound eating despite attempts to make stimulation parameters optimal. These results indicate that the eating was schedule induced or adjunctive, and suggest that the procedure may provide an animal model of excessive nonregulatory eating that contributes to obesity in humans.
Pharmacological profile of LY301317, a potent and selective 5‐HT1A agonist

LY301317 ((4r)-(-)-4-(dipropylamino)-6-(5-oxazolinyl)-1,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenz[c,d]indole) has high affinity for the 5-HT 1A receptor and weak affinity for the 5-HT 1D and histamine-H 1 receptors. No significant affinity was found for the other amine receptors studied. In rats, LY301317 produced potent in vivo effects that are characteristic of compounds with agonist activity at the 5-HT IA receptor, such as an increase in serum corticosterone concentration, a reduction in 5-HIAA concentration in brain tissue, induction of flat body posture and lower lip retraction (components of a serotonin syndrome), and a decrease of core body temperature. In pigeons trained to discriminate 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)-tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) from saline, full generalization to LY301317 was observed. LY301317 increased punished responding in both the pigeon and rat conflict tests for anxiolytic activity. LY301317 reduced immobility in the rat forced swim model used to indicate potential antidepressant activity. In pigeons, LY301317 blocked emesis induced by a chemical (ditolyguanidine), by a 5-HT 3 agonist (m-(chlorophenyl)-biguanide), and by an oncolytic agent (cisplatin), as well as vomiting induced by conditioning to environmental stimuli (a model of anticipatory nausea and vomiting). In addition, LY30131 7 blocked cisplatin- and ipecac-induced vomiting in the dog and motion-induced emesis in the cat. It was concluded that LY301317 is an orally active, potent, and selective agonist for the 5-HT 1A receptor with potential clinical utility as an anxiolytic, an antidepressant, and a broad-spectrum antiemetic.
Quantum-mechanical formulation of light propagation: A multiple-scattering approach

Since in quantum optics light is represented in terms of photons, light propagation through a linear medium is discussed quantum mechanically in this paper by following the multiple-scattering process of one incident photon from the medium. To treat the photon and the medium on the same quantum footing, the medium is assumed to be an ensemble of uniformly distributed identical two-level atoms. It is found that inside the medium the incident photon follows the same propagation rules as a plane wave does in the classical domain, and has a possibility to become entangled with the atoms. It is also found that when interacting with a two-level test atom outside the medium, the output photon appears to be formally in a single mode identical to that of the incident photon.
Recursive algorithms for calculating the scattering from N strips or patches

Using the definition of recursive relations for the reflection operator for N strips or patches, two easily programmable recursive algorithms are developed to calculate the electromagnetic scattering by N strips or patches. One algorithm is for arbitrary excitation, and the other is for a fixed excitation. The recursive algorithms require the inversion of small matrices at each stage and hence are suitable for programming on smaller computers. If the N strips or patches are identical and equally spaced, symmetry can be exploited to speed up the algorithms. A program was developed to calculate scattering by N strips, and the result is shown to converge to scattering by a large strip when the N strips are contiguous. >
Kinematic modeling of the galaxy. II. Two samples of high proper motion stars

The paper analyzes two independent surveys, due to Fouts and Sandage and to Carney and Latham, of high proper motion stars with photoelectric photometry and line-of-sight velocity information. A purely kinematic study of both samples indicates that a two-component classical (disk + spheroid) model of the Galaxy is inadequate to represent the kinematics of stars in the solar neighborhood. A component with intermediate kinematic properties (old disk) is required. An asymmetric drift of 50 + or - 15 km/s and principal velocity dispersions of (66, 37, 38) + or - 10 km/s are determined, in good agreement with the results of the metallicity-based analysis of Sandage and Fouts and of Carney and collaborators. The density of this component is poorly constrained, and is 10 percent + or - 5 percent of the local disk density for the same color range; the scale height is less than 1 kpc.
Government wage differentials: a sample selection approach

This paper uses the econometrics of sample selection to estimate the net wage differential between workers in the public and private sectors of the United States. The results indicate workers self select by systematically locating in the sector which offers them the higher expected wage. As a consequence, previous research based on the assumption of random allocation between sectors is subject to serious specification bias. The present estimation indicates government workers are slightly underpaid taking into account their observed characteristics and the selection process.
An affordable surround‐screen virtual reality display

Abstract— Building a projection-based virtual reality display is a time-, cost-, and resource-intensive enterprise, and many details contribute to the final display quality. This is especially true for surround- screen displays where most of them are one-of-a-kind systems or custom-made installations with specialized projectors, framing, and projection screens. In general, the costs of acquiring these types of systems have been in the hundreds and even millions of dollars, specifically for those supporting synchronized stereoscopic projection across multiple screens. Furthermore, the maintenance of such systems adds an additional recurrent cost, which makes them hard to afford for general introduction in a wider range of industry, academic, and research communities. A low-cost easy-to-maintain surround-screen design based on off-the-shelf affordable components for the projection screens, framing, and display systems is presented. The resulting system quality is comparableto significantly more expensive commercially available solutions. Additionally, users with average knowledge can implement this design, and it has the added advantage that single components can be individually upgraded based on necessity as well as available funds.
Algorithms for hypercoagulation testing

Venous thrombosis affects 1 in 1,000 persons in the United States, increasing in incidence with increasing age.1,2 Factor V Leiden, which causes activated protein C resistance, is the most common hereditary predisposition to venous thrombosis. Protein C, protein S, and antithrombin deficiencies are not common, but the risk associated with them can be high, particularly for antithrombin deficiency. Homocysteine elevations have been studied extensively as risk factors for arterial thrombosis such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Data are more limited for homocysteine and venous thrombosis. However, hyperhomocysteinemia is unique among the hypercoagulable states in that homocysteine levels can be decreased by vitamin B6, B12, and folate. Prothrombin G20210A is common, although it is the weakest of the risk factors mentioned in this discussion. Antiphospholipid antibodies are not hereditary, but they are often included in the evaluation for hypercoagulability because they are common and the risk for recurrent thrombosis with these antibodies can be high. When testing for antiphospholipid antibodies, it is recommended to perform assays for both a lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies, as one may be present without the other. For the reasons described above, our recommended hypercoagulation panel includes activated protein C resistance (and if the result is abnormal, factor V Leiden testing), protein C, protein S, antithrombin, homocysteine, prothrombin G20210A, lupus anticoagulant, and anticardiolipin antibody.
Manuscript Characteristics Which Influence Acceptance for Management and Social Science Journals

Editors and advisory board members of 19 leading management and social science journals, including The Academy of Management Journal, were administered a 50 item questionnaire designed to obtain in...
Experiences with real-time teleconsultation in neuroradiology

Real-time teleconsultation can be a useful tool for the handling of neuroradiological emergency case in remote locations. Unlike with teleradiology, which describes a mere transmission of images for remote review. Teleconsultation allows physicians to interactively discuss images and findings by means of image transmission, bi-directional remote manipulation and audiovisual communication. This paper describes the communication model, implementation and clinical evaluation of such a Teleconsultation system.
Contribution of different sized vessels in the extremities to the arterial pulse waveform as recorded by electrical impedance and volume plethysmography.

The plethysmographic signal (either volume or electrical impedance) obtained from a limb segment has contributions due to volume change contributions from the arteries, veins and smaller blood vessels. The electrical impedance plethysmograph signal contains, in addition, contributions due to blood resistivity changes in all these vessels. Uncertainty exists as to the relative contributions of different vessels. We have modelled the leg circulation in detail, with more than 80 simultaneous differential equations, to determine the pressure and flow in different sized vessels and hence their contribution to the impedance and volume plethysmograph signals.
Suture line ulceration: A complication of gastric partitioning

Gastric partition with formation of a proximal pouch by staples and reinforced sutures is a well-accepted operation for obesity. Experience at this institution has included 2 cases of ulcers occurring at the partition line, a complication not well-described previously. These ulcers were located on the lesser curvature, appeared benign, and were characterized by chronic, severe pain. A suture associated with the ulcer was demonstrated endoscopically in 1 patient, although it could not be removed perorally.
The Effectiveness of Nominal, Delphi, and Interacting Group Decision Making Processes

The conventional interacting group is compared with nominal and delphi groups in terms of the quantity of ideas generated and perceived satisfaction of participants. On an applied fact-finding prob...
Overexpression of USP14 Protease Reduces I-κB Protein Levels and Increases Cytokine Release in Lung Epithelial Cells

The ubiquitin-proteasome system is the major pathway of non-lysosomal intracellular protein degradation, playing an important role in a variety of cellular responses including cell division, proliferation, and apoptosis. Ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (USP14) is a component of proteasome regulatory subunit 19 S that regulates deubiquitinated proteins entering inside the proteasome core 20 S. The role of USP14 in protein degradation is still controversial. Several studies suggest that USP14 plays an inhibitory role in protein degradation. Here, in contrast, overexpression of USP14 induced I-κB degradation, which increased cytokine release in lung epithelial cells. Overexpression of HA-tagged USP14 (HA-USP14) reduced I-κB protein levels by increasing the I-κB degradation rate in mouse lung epithelial cells (MLE12). I-κB polyubiquitination was reduced in HA-USP14-overexpressed MLE12 cells, suggesting that USP14 regulates I-κB degradation by removing its ubiquitin chain, thus promoting the deubiquitinated I-κB degradation within the proteasome. Interestingly, we found that USP14 was associated with RelA, a binding partner of I-κB, suggesting that RelA is the linker between USP14 and I-κB. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment induced serine phosphorylation of USP14 as well as further reducing I-κB levels in HA-USP14-overexpressed MLE12 cells as compared with empty vector transfected cells. Further, overexpression of HA-USP14 increased the LPS-, TNFα-, or Escherichia coli-induced IL-8 release in human lung epithelial cells. This study suggests that USP14 removes the ubiquitin chain of I-κB, therefore inducing I-κB degradation and increasing cytokine release in lung epithelial cells. Background: USP14 mediates protein degradation via its deubiquitination activity as well as controlling proteasome gate opening. Results: USP14 promotes I-κB deubiquitination and degradation, therefore increasing cytokine release. Conclusion: USP14 targets NF-κB pathway via association with RelA and regulation of I-κB stability. Significance: This study provides a new target to mediate transcriptional activity and cytokine release.
Progressive neurosarcoidosis: A case report

Neurosarcoidosis affects 3% to 5% of patients with sarcoidosis. It involves primarily the central nervous system and/or the peripheral nervous system. The treatment of a patient with neurosarcoidosis is difficult, and functional improvement following intensive rehabilitation has not been described. We report a middle-aged man who presented initially with ophthalmologic and pulmonary symptoms consistent with sarcoidosis and who later developed progressive weakness of the lower extremities, with impaired ambulation. The patient's clinical presentation, assessment, and rehabilitation management are presented. Also, the different pharmacologic treatments used to control the disease, and that may alter the long-term functional improvement of patients with neurosarcoidosis, are discussed.
The 1942 Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge Earthquake: Largest ever recorded on an oceanic transform

The 1942 Southwest Indian Ocean earthquake is the largest ever recorded on an oceanic transform. Its mechanism has essentially the expected pure strike-slip geometry. Using long-period surface wave techniques, the seismic moment is found to be 1.3 × 1028 dyn-cm; directivity suggests southwestward rupture propagation over approximately 130 km. This shock is then much smaller than previously reported on the basis of its high unified Richter magnitude (M = 8.3). It does not show the slow energy release occasionally found in large transform fault events. Scaling laws and thermal modeling suggest that seismic slip extended at least to the 600° C isotherm.
RISK OF PREMATURITY AND NEONATAL RESPIRATORY DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH MATERNAL HIV INFECTION. † 1354

We sought to determine the impact of HIV in pregnancy on rates of prematurity, low birth weight (LBW), and neonatal respiratory morbidity in the offspring of HIV positive mothers. From 1990 to 1994, 599 neonates born to HIV positive mothers (51% black, 12% white, 31% Hispanic, 6% others) were enrolled at five centers in the U.S. Of the 599, 92 were HIV positive, 454 were HIV negative, and 53 died or were lost to followup. Incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), and neonatal pneumonia was compared to anticipated rates for HIV unexposed neonates of comparable gestation and birth weight. Rates of prematurity (<37 weeks), LBW (<2.5 kg), and VLBW (<1.5 kg) were 19, 17.7, and 3.3%, respectively in the infants of HIV positive mothers, greatly exceeding comparable rates for the U.S. population, corrected for race. The incidence of RDS was 3% (17/599) which coincided with the anticipated rate after adjusting for prematurity and birth weight. Of 16 infants <1.5 kg, 31% (5/16) developed BPD. Only 3/599 infants developed mild MAS and none had documented neonatal pneumonia. Lower gestational age (weeks) was associated with increased odds of HIV infection (p=0.01) in the infants after adjusting for race. We conclude that 1) infants born to HIV positive mothers exhibit very high prematurity and LBW rates; 2) the odds of prematurity are higher in infected (vs uninfected) infants; and 3) the incidence and severity of neonatal respiratory morbidity are no higher than available data from HIV unexposed neonates. We speculate that good prenatal and neonatal care can minimize respiratory morbidity in this high risk population.
Crossover between BCS and preformed-boson theories with increasing interactions

The author reviews recent work on Fermi systems with attractive interactions of arbitrary strength. First, he describes the results of a functional integral formulation to study the crossover from cooperative Cooper pairing to independent bound state formation and condensation. The inadequacy of a saddle point approximation with increasing coupling is pointed out, and the importance of temporal (quantum) fluctuations for normal state properties at intermediate and strong coupling is emphasized. Next, results from a quantum Monte Carlo simulation of the 2D attractive Hubbard model are described. The intermediate coupling normal state is found to deviate markedly from a canonical Fermi liquid: {open_quotes}spin-gap{close_quotes} behavior, with 1/T{sub 1}T {approximately} {chi}(T), is found in a degenerate Fermi system.
Synthesis and characterization of ceramic (Sr1−xCax)2 CuO3

Ceramic (Sr{sub 1{minus}{ital x}}Ca{sub {ital x}}){sub 2}CuO{sub 3} samples have been prepared with {ital x}=0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.55, 0.75, and 1.00 in order to study the change in lattice constants with the ratio of Sr/Ca. This phase is frequently an impurity phase in the fabrication of Bi--Sr--Ca--Cu--O superconductors, and it is important to be able to connect the lattice constants with stoichiometry. The behavior of the lattice constants closely follows Vegard's law.
Democratic Variants and Democratic Variance: How Domestic Constraints Shape Interstate Conflict

Recent work on democratic processes (elections, parties, etc.) and foreign policy behavior makes a variety of claims about how those processes influence the decision to resort to arms. Some work also claims the diversity in the family of democracies produces different types of behaviors across democratic systems. While much theoretical and empirical rigor has been brought to bear on these issues, little attention is paid to how democratic processes shape the variance in foreign policy behavior both across different democratic systems and within systems across time. This article explores variants of democratic systems and variance in democratic systems with respect to interstate conflict.
Zinc-induced Dnmt1 expression involves antagonism between MTF-1 and nuclear receptor SHP

Dnmt1 is frequently overexpressed in cancers, which contributes significantly to cancer-associated epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes. However, the mechanism of Dnmt1 overexpression remains elusive. Herein, we elucidate a pathway through which nuclear receptor SHP inhibits zinc-dependent induction of Dnmt1 by antagonizing metal-responsive transcription factor-1 (MTF-1). Zinc treatment induces Dnmt1 transcription by increasing the occupancy of MTF-1 on the Dnmt1 promoter while decreasing SHP expression. SHP in turn represses MTF-1 expression and abolishes zinc-mediated changes in the chromatin configuration of the Dnmt1 promoter. Dnmt1 expression is increased in SHP-knockout (sko) mice but decreased in SHP-transgenic (stg) mice. In human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), increased DNMT1 expression is negatively correlated with SHP levels. Our study provides a molecular explanation for increased Dnmt1 expression in HCC and highlights SHP as a potential therapeutic target.
Contextual Variability in Free Recall

According to contextual-variability theory, experiences encoded at different times tend to be associated with different contextual states. The gradual evolution of context implies that spaced items will be associated with more distinct contextual states, and thus have more unique retrieval cues, than items presented in proximity. Ross and Landauer (1978) tested this theory by examining whether the probability of recalling at least one of two studied items should increase as a function of the items’ spacing. Their failure to observe this result was taken as strong evidence against contextual-variability theory. We replicated their analysis on six recall datasets. For all of these datasets we found the pattern of results predicted by contextual-variability theory. These findings provide critical support for contextual-variability theories of episodic memory.
Larval carry‐over effects from ocean acidification persist in the natural environment

An extensive body of work suggests that altered marine carbonate chemistry can negatively influence marine invertebrates, but few studies have examined how effects are moderated and persist in the natural environment. A particularly important question is whether impacts initiated in early life might be exacerbated or attenuated over time in the presence or absence of other stressors in the field. We reared Olympia oyster (Ostrea lurida) larvae in laboratory cultures under control and elevated seawater pCO2 concentrations, quantified settlement success and size at metamorphosis, then outplanted juveniles to Tomales Bay, California, in the mid intertidal zone where emersion and temperature stress were higher, and in the low intertidal zone where conditions were more benign. We tracked survival and growth of outplanted juveniles for 4 months, halfway to reproductive age. Survival to metamorphosis in the laboratory was strongly affected by larval exposure to elevated pCO2 conditions. Survival of juvenile outplants was reduced dramatically at mid shore compared to low shore levels regardless of the pCO2 level that oysters experienced as larvae. However, juveniles that were exposed to elevated pCO2 as larvae grew less than control individuals, representing a larval carry-over effect. Although juveniles grew less at mid shore than low shore levels, there was no evidence of an interaction between the larval carry-over effect and shore level, suggesting little modulation of acidification impacts by emersion or temperature stress. Importantly, the carry-over effects of larval exposure to ocean acidification remained unabated 4 months later with no evidence of compensatory growth, even under benign conditions. This latter result points to the potential for extended consequences of brief exposures to altered seawater chemistry with potential consequences for population dynamics.
Law in Politics: Struggles over Property and Public Space on New York City's Lower East Side

This article examines politics on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, New York City, for evidence of law at the constitutive level. We see legal relations shaping grassroots struggles over public space and housing as forums, claims, and political positions. This view challenges instrumental conceptions of law still prominent in some social-scientific approaches.
Is the Risk of Multiple Myeloma Increased in Patients with Silicone Implants

Clonal expansion and selection mediated by antigen stimulation has been hypothesized to contribute to the development of multiple myeloma (MM). Numerous case reports and epidemiologic surveys have linked chronic infections and inflammatory disorders to an increased incidence of MM 1,2 . Silicone implants have been associated with an increased incidence of auto-immune disorders. Much of the available information on the pathogenesis of plasma cell tumors comes from induction of peritoneal plasmacytomas by plastics and paraffin oils, such as pristane. This model does not appear to require carcinogens, transforming retroviruses or radiation. It relies upon genetic predisposition and natural mutations for the generation of the genetic changes in B cells leading to autonomous growth3. It is therefore conceivable that chronic antigen stimulation with silicone could lead to multiple myeloma in genetically predisposed individuals.
Why is Management an Evolutionary Science?: An Interview With Sidney G. Winter

This article introduces some of the central ideas and contributions of Sidney G. Winter and some background for his work. The topics of the introduction, such as Winter’s early inspiration and work, and the more general evolution of his ideas, are discussed with Professor Winter in the interview.
OPTIMIZING HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION FOR THE ELECTRONIC COMMERCE ENVIRONMENT

The paper investigates the interaction effects between the search strategy of software agents and the subject’s product class knowledge. The experimental study consists of a 2 (product class knowledge: high, low) x 4 (agent search strategy: elimination by aspects (EBA), weighted average method (WAD), profile building (PROFILE) , and simple hypertext (HYPERTEXT)) design with product class knowledge as the between groups variable. Significant differences were found for affective reactions of the subjects toward the agent/application depending on the level of product class knowledge possessed by the subjects. Subjects with high product class knowledge had more positive affective reactions towards agents/applications which used the WAD and EBA strategies as compared to the profile building strategy. Subjects with low product class knowledge had more positive affective reactions to agents/applications which used the profile building strategy as compared to the EBA and WAD strategies. When the systems were modified to increase the amount of information provided and to increase the degree of control provided to the subjects, their affective reactions to the agents/applications were found to be different from the original study. Subjects responded more positively to the previously "less preferred" strategy, thus weakening the interaction effect. This research is done in the context of consumers searching for information on the World Wide Web prior to the purchase of cars.
Emergency nurse practitioner: An answer to an emergency care crisis in rural hospitals

During the last three years, a nine-month training program at the University of Virginia was designed and implemented to prepare the nurse to assume an expanded role in the emergency department. The course provides the student with sufficient knowledge and skill to diagnose and treat patients in the emergency department setting while under the supervision of a physician. Graduates of the program are certified by the State of Virginia as "emergency nurse practitioners." Qualified candidates who had identified a physician preceptor or were from an area with embryonic emergency medical systems were given priority in the selection process. The training program was divided into three-month modules which dealt first with teaching interview techniques and physical assessment skills, then clinical experiences in rural and urban emergency departments, and finally a preceptorship in the community hospital where the nurses work with the physician preceptors.
9-(meta-tert-Butyl­phenyl)-9-fluorenol

The title compound, C23H22O, is composed of mol­ecules bonded into linear one-dimensional chains through O—H⋯π(fluorene) hydrogen bonds, each mol­ecule being both H-atom donor and acceptor. No O—H⋯O—H hydrogen bonding is exhibited, despite the reasonable donor–acceptor proximity [2.849 (3) A]. The melted crystals failed to recryst­allize on cooling, but solution NMR showed that no decomposition had occurred during the melting.
The Pediatric Stroke Code: Early Management of the Child with Stroke.

troke in children is estimated to occur as frequently as brain tumors, and acute presentations should be considered a neurologic emergency. Although stroke is less common in children than in adults, the long-term morbidity and societal impact of stroke in children likely exceeds that in adults. Lessons from adult stroke trials underscore the need for early therapy to prevent complications and improve outcomes. In children, the prompt diagnosis of stroke is challenging, and a delay in diagnosis is a major impediment to initiating therapy. Subspecialty services required for emergent diagnosis and management of pediatric stroke are available at most academic medical centers. Although guidelines for the management of stroke in children exist, care varies by institution, and interventions to minimize morbidity and prevent complications are often applied inconsistently. Herein we propose the “pediatric stroke code,” a systematic, multidisciplinary approach to early management of the child with stroke, including hospital preparedness, timely diagnosis, hyperacute therapy, supportive care, management of complications, and secondary stroke prevention. The recommendations discussed are for children and are not applicable to neonates. Neonatal stroke is differentiated from childhood stroke based on differences in etiology, risk factors, and presentation.