cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 438: Development of an autoantibody panel that reflects disease pathogenesis in ovarian cancer

Introduction The serous subtype of ovarian cancer is responsible for most ovarian cancer deaths. When patients are diagnosed with early stage disease localized to the ovary or pelvis, current therapies can achieve survival rates up to 75-90%. However, approximately 70% of cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 20%. A strategy based on autoantibodies which occur early during tumor development has merit for early cancer detection. We have applied a combined approach of mass spectrometry of circulating antigen-antibody complexes and with high-density protein microarrays to develop ovarian cancer serum markers based on autoantibody reactivity. Materials and methods Serum samples were obtained from women diagnosed with ovarian cancer (cases) and healthy controls undergoing ovarian cancer screening, women undergoing gynecologic surgery for various conditions but with normal ovarian pathology (surgical controls), and women without malignancy but with benign ovarian disease (benign controls). All samples were obtained following Institutional Review Board approval and informed consent. For autoantibody analysis, we used recombinant protein arrays containing 5,005 recombinants arrayed in duplicate and Alexa 647-labeled anti-human IgG were purchased from Invitrogen. Circulating Immunoglobulin (Ig) bound antigen analysis was performed using LC-MS/MS. Results Autoantibodies against 20 targets were identified in ovarian cancer patients compared to healthy, surgical and benign controls by protein array analysis with P Conclusion We have uncovered a set of 20 protein antigens associated with the development of autoantibodies in ovarian cancer that reflect disease pathogenesis and that have potential relevance for early detection. Citation Format: Makoto Kobayashi, Clayton R. Boldt, Wei-Lei Yang, Clemente Aguilar-Bonavides, Hong Wang, Zhen Lu, Robert C. Bast, Samir M. Hanash. Development of an autoantibody panel that reflects disease pathogenesis in ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 438.
Efficacy of Insecticides against Lygus hesperus Knight (Hemiptera: Miridae) in the California’s Central Coast Strawberry

The western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus Knight (Hemiptera: Miridae), is an important insect pest of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duchesne) in the Central Coast of California. Because littl...
Social network dominance based on analysis of asymmetry

We focus on analysis of dominance, power, influence — that by definition asymmetric — between pairs of individuals in social networks. We conduct dominance analysis based on the canonical analysis of asymmetry that decomposes a square asymmetric matrix into two parts, a symmetric one and a skew-symmetric one, and then applies the singular value decomposition (SVD) on the skew-symmetric part. Each individual node can be projected as one 2-dimensional point based on its row values at each pair of successive singular vectors. The asymmetric relationship between two individuals can then be captured by areas of triangles formed from the two points and the origin in each 2-dimensional space. We quantify node dominance (submissive) score based on the relative position of the node's coordinate from coordinates of all other nodes it dominates (subdues) in the projected singular vector spaces. We conduct dominance/submissiveness analysis for several representative networks including perfect linear orderings, networks with tree structure, and networks with random graphs and examine the departures of a real social network from those representative graphs. Empirical evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Process Evaluation of the NYU Caregiver Intervention-Adult Child.

Purpose of the study A noted limitation of dementia caregiver intervention research is a lack of focus on the mechanisms of successful programs. The purpose of this study was to conduct a process evaluation of the New York University Caregiver Intervention-Adult Child (NYUCI-AC) to describe its delivery and determine which of its components were associated with key outcomes (caregiver stress and well-being; care recipient residential care admission). Design and methods Adult child caregivers randomly assigned to receive the NYUCI-AC intervention (n = 54) were included. Detailed data on the frequency and duration of each intervention component received, 4-month review checklists, and regular caregiver assessments were collected. Quantitative (descriptive, logistic regression, Cox proportional hazards models, growth curve models) and qualitative thematic analyses were performed. Results Adult children receiving the NYUCI-AC completed a mean of 5.19 individual and family counseling sessions; it took on average a little over 11 months to do so. All NYUCI-AC counseling components were generally well-received and improved caregivers' management of care-related stress. The individual counseling sessions' clinical benefits in reducing primary subjective stress were most apparent in the first year of the intervention. Caregivers who experienced negative outcomes over time used more family sessions. Implications A key mechanism of benefit for adult child caregivers in the NYUCI-AC was the frequent use of individual counseling sessions. The qualitative and quantitative results emphasize the value of the NYUCI-AC's flexibility in allowing adult child caregivers to choose the timing and use of specific intervention components.
Control of Both Oligodendroglioma and Multiple Sclerosis with Chemotherapy with Temozolomide: Case Report (P01.105)

OBJECTIVE: Chemotherapy with Temozolomide (Tem) is an effective treatment for oligodendrogliomas. We present a patient with oligodendroglioma and MS treated with Tem. To our knowledge there is no available data on its efficacy in modifying the course of MS in patients with concurrent oligodendroglioma. BACKGROUND: The associaition of MS and glioma is rare. There are 12 reported cases of oligodendroglioma in patients with MS. The focus of treatment is to control the tuumor, with surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Mitoxanthrone is FDA approved for treatment of patients with progressive MS but not for brain tumors, it is IV and has cardiac side- effects. Tem is an oral drug effective for treatment of oligodendroglioma. DESIGN/METHODS: Our patient is a 30 iears old lady diagnosed in 2007 with left frontal grade II oligodendroglioma. She had resection, then follow- up with MRIs. MRIs in 2010 and 2011 showed asymptomatc evolving demyelinating plaques. CSF analysis was also suggestive of MS. Because she was asymptomatic no immunemodulatory therapy was instituted. On 2/13/2012 she had second resection for small recurrence of oligodendroglioma. In March 2012 she started adjuvant chemotherapy with Tem. 150 mg/m 2 /day for 5 days every 28 days. RESULTS: After 7 courses of chemotherapy with Tem she has no evidence of tumor recurrence. There are no new MS plaques on follow- up MRIs, whereas before starting Tem she had new plques appearing on each follow- up MRI scan. Tem, used to treat her brain tumor appears to control both the oligodendroglioma and MS in this patient. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first case repo of a patient with both oligodendroglioma and MS treated with Temozolomide with control of both diseases. This opens the potential for clinical trials with Temozolomide for patients with MS who failed immunomodulatory therapyes or patients with primary progressive MS. Disclosure: Dr. Flowers has nothing to disclose.
Assessing Spanish-speaking immigrant parents’ perceptions of climate at a New Language Immersion School: A critical analysis using “Thinking with Theory”

Parent involvement in schools is often developed through one-way, deficit-oriented relationships, where information flows from schools to families and parents are perceived to lack some capacity or knowledge. However, little is known about the conditions facing Spanish-speaking families at Spanish language immersion schools, which presumably might employ fewer deficit perspectives due to the language and culture focus of their educational model. In turn, this study asked: How does school climate discourse shape Spanish-speaking parents’ abilities to engage at a Spanish immersion elementary school (SIES)? Do parents enact relational power at SIES, and if so, how? Data analysis centered on school climate surveys completed by 19 Spanish-speaking mothers. Framed by Ecologies of Parental Engagement (EPE) and Foucault’s concepts of power, the study ultimately examined not only parent perceptions, but also the research project and its own deficit-driven norms. Findings include: While parents reported trusting the school and teachers, many felt discouraged in SIES’s climate. Some blamed their level of involvement on their own (lack of) language or ability. Analyses also explore how the language immersion school and design of the research project—despite good intentions—were not bridging the gap between hegemonic English-speaking society and Spanish-speaking families. The discussion then considers the implications for school climate, parent engagement policies, and research at diverse multilingual schools.
Development of a radiation detecting rover system

In this paper, an advanced radiation detecting rover system operated by a microcontroller is developed. It is well known that radiation related disasters can devastate a region by preventing humans from safely staying in these areas for long periods of time. Therefore, the use of unmanned rovers can help people recover information from inside these areas. The developed radiation detecting rover system contains a microcontroller, a rover, a Geiger counter, a camera, an LCD screen, and Xbee modems. The rover can travel through highly radiated areas via remote control while detecting radiation, returning information on radiation levels, and observing what is located in the area. At the same time, an Arduino microcontroller operates the rover in order to maneuver and analyze information received by the video camera and the Geiger counter. In addition to developing and testing the system, the research methodology and design is summarized and future improvements are discussed.
Vertebral stress of a cervical spine model under dynamic load

The objective of this study is to develop cervical spine models that predict the stresses in each vertebra by taking account of the biodynamic characteristics of the neck. The loads and the moments at the head point (Occipital Condyle) used for the models were determined by the rigid body dynamic response of the head due to G-z acceleration. The experimental data used were collected from the biodynamic responses of human volunteers during an acceleration in the z direction on the drop tower facility at Armstrong Laboratory at Wright Patterson Air Force Base (WPAFB). Three finite element models were developed: an elastic local model, viscoelastic local model and complete viscoelastic model. I-DEAS software was used to create the solid models, the loadings and the boundary conditions. Then, ABAQUS finite element software was employed to solve the models, and thus the stresses on each vertebral level were determined. Beam elements with different properties were employed to simulate the ligaments, articular facets and muscles. The complete viscoelastic model was subjected to 11 cases of loadings ranging from 8 G-z to 20 G-z accelerations. The von Mises and Maximum Principal stress fields, which are good indicators of bone failure, were calculated for all the cases. The results indicated that the maximum stress in all cases increased as the magnitude of the acceleration increased. The stresses in the 10 to 12 G-z cases were comfortably below the injury threshold level. The majority of the maximum stresses occurred in C6 and C4 regions.
Identification of the promoter region of the human betaIGH3 gene.

Purpose To isolate and characterize the promoter of the human betaIGH3 gene. Methods Primer extension and CapSite Hunting methods were used to determine the transcription start sites (TSS) of the human betaIGH3 gene. Putative transcription factor-binding sites and potential promoter regions were identified by online tools. Two clones containing 3 Kb and 1 Kb of the 5'-flanking region of the betaIGH3 gene were isolated and their respective promoter activities were characterized. Various fusion constructs of betaIGH3 promoter-luciferase reporter were made to transfect A549 cells. The responses of these fragments to TGF-beta1 were also measured after being treated with TGF-beta1 at different concentrations. Several human and nonhuman cell lines were also transfected with the 1 Kb betaIGH3 promoter-reporter construct to compare the activity of the betaIGH3 promoter in these cells. Results The transcription start site of human betaIGH3 mRNA was determined to be 65 bp upstream of the ATG start codon. Both the 3 Kb (-3011 to -1) and 1 Kb (-1000 to -1) fragments displayed strong and comparable promoter activity in transfected cells. Truncation analyses in A549 cells identified the nucleotide region from -336 to -1 as having high promoter activity (minimal promoter). The results also indicated that the nucleotide fragment from -1000 to -646 contained negative regulatory elements. Twenty ng/ml TGF-beta1 upregulated the activity of the 1 Kb construct, but did not upregulate the activity of the -336 to -1 construct, suggesting that TGF-beta1 responsive elements existed in the region from -1000 to -336. The 1 Kb construct universally demonstrated promoter activity in all cell lines tested. Conclusions We identified the betaIGH3 gene promoter with a distinct regulatory pattern in the 1 Kb region upstream of the ATG start codon. Further elucidation of the functions of this promoter region may facilitate understanding of betaIGH3 and its related corneal dystrophies.
Contributions of the Components of Phonemic Awareness to Letter-Sound Knowledge with Kindergarten Students in High-Poverty Urban Elementary Schools.

Phonemic awareness (PA) includes rhyming, phoneme isolation, blending, and segmenting, but the relative importance of each component is unclear, especially for students from high-poverty areas. The...
Bilateral Asymmetries in Ultrasound Assessments of the Rectus Femoris throughout an NCAA Division I Volleyball Preseason

The purpose of the study was to assess glycogen content of the rectus femoris (RF) muscles utilizing high-frequency ultrasound throughout an intensive, nine-day preseason training period in NCAA division I volleyball athletes. In the morning prior to the beginning of practice, athletes (n = 13) left and right RF muscles were assessed via ultrasound to quantify muscle fuel ratings (0⁻100 score range). The recommended location of the RF ultrasound scans were based on manufacturer guidelines, and the same technician recorded the daily measurements. To assess daily training load, session ratings of perceived exertion (s-RPE) were utilized. A paired t-test revealed a large significant difference between left (51.7 ± 17.9) and right (32.8 ± 17.4) RF muscle fuel ratings (p < 0.001). There was also a major effect of time on s-RPE (p < 0.001) and left (dominant) RF fuel rating (p = 0.001). s-RPE decreased from the beginning to the end of the training camp. However, left RF fuel ratings increased from the first to the second day, then remained elevated all throughout the preseason. In conclusion, all athletes were left-leg dominant and had a 57.6% bilateral asymmetry between their left and right RF muscle fuel ratings despite changes in training load. High-frequency ultrasounds are a noninvasive assessment tool that can determine glycogen replenishment asymmetries in the RF.
A high-performance reversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cell based on a novel Sm-doped BaCe0·7Zr0·1Y0·2O3-δ electrolyte

Abstract The present work describes a doping strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of BaCe(Zr)O3-based reversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (RePCECs). BaCe0.7Zr0.1Y0.2-xSmxO3-δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) synthesized by a solid-state reactive sintering method. Enhanced sintering with Sm-doping is observed with a significant increase of grain size as compared to un-doped samples. The improvement of the proton conductivity by proper Sm-doping is also achieved. This work fabricates and tests an electrochemical cell with a 25 μm thick electrolyte in both protonic ceramic fuel cell (PCFC) and protonic ceramic electrolysis cell (PCEC) operation modes. At the intermediate temperature of 600 °C, a maximum power density of 410 mWcm−2 is observed in PCFC mode under Air/H2 gradient, while a current density of 370 mAcm−2 is obtained with an applied voltage of 1.3 V in PCEC mode using 12 vol% H2O humidified air as feed gas and 5% H2 as sweep gas.
Grain growth stagnation and texture development in an irradiated thermally stabilized nanocrystalline alloy

Nanocrystalline metals are of strong interest in nuclear material applications because their grain boundaries may act as effective recombination sites for point defects. Consequently, they may be able to sustain high doses with minimal damage. Here, we investigate nanocrystalline NiW, a thermally stabilized nanocrystalline material with an initial grain diameter of 6 nm. We find that grain growth when subject to moderate doses of Ni+ self-ion irradiation is not distinguishable from that of nanocrystalline Ni. However, once the grains grow to an average diameter of 32 nm at 10 displacements per atom (dpa), this irradiation-induced grain growth (IIGG) stagnates up to 100 dpa. Such stagnation is not predicted by previous models. IIGG stagnation is found to correlate with microstructural evolution, where an initial weak fiber texture transforms into a biaxial texture with a concurrent increase in low energy grain boundaries acting to stabilize the microstructure at higher irradiation doses.
Cloud Computing and the New Role of IT Service Providers in Lebanon: A Service Dominant Logic Approach

The ascent of Cloud Computing (CC) technology shall impact traditional IT and IT service Providers on many levels; for IDG Cloud Computing Survey [32], 60% of all IT infrastructure spending are Cloud-base, with both public and private cloud adoption growing. In fact, the world economy is moving from being products based to depending on services (Barqawi et al. in J Bus Ind Market 31(7):928–940 [10]) and CC confirms this trend by installing a service logic (Gronroos in Eur Bus Rev 20(4):298–314 [21]), in which the definition of “service” has evolved from a value offered to a value co-created. Therefore, the service dominant logic of Vargo and Lusch (J Mark 68:1–17 [12]) provides an excellent theoretical framework for studying the new role of IT service providers in the cloud era. Using qualitative interpretive multiple case study approach, this article discusses CC value co-creation opportunity for IT service providers in Lebanon by identifying their new role in fixing the CC roadmap from a service dominant logic.
Single-Cycle Atomic Layer Deposition on Bulk Wood Lumber for Managing Moisture Content, Mold Growth, and Thermal Conductivity

Wood is a universal building material. While highly versatile, many of its critical properties vary with water content (e.g., dimensionality, mechanical strength, and thermal insulation). Treatment...
Abstract 5859: Genomic correlates of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Background: Objective response rates for patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) receiving PD-1/L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) without chemotherapy remain under 25%. Some studies suggest that HNSCC patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated disease and high tumor mutational burden (TMB) derive greater benefit, although these findings do not yet guide patient selection. We hypothesized that uniform genomic analysis of a larger cohort may help place the predictive value of TMB in a broader biological context and identify more robust predictors of response. Methods: 274 patients with biopsy-proven HNSCC treated with ICI at our institution from June 2014 to September 2018 were identified. Following targeted massively parallel sequencing, single nucleotide variant calling, and quality control measures, 127 samples were available for analysis. Clinical records were reviewed to determine radiographic response and overall survival. Responders included complete or partial responders by RECIST v1.1. Nonresponders included those with progressive or stable disease. We evaluated associations between genomic features and response using standard statistical methods. Results: TMB for the entire cohort was significantly higher among responders (p = 0.01, Fisher9s); however, it had poor predictive power (AUROC = 0.68). Among the entire cohort, somatic mutations in NOTCH1 were enriched in responders (12/26 R, 17/101 NR, p = 0.003). After correcting for TMB, NOTCH1 remained associated with complete or partial response (p 0.05, logistic regression). Among HPV-negative responders, somatic mutations in CDK12, a transcription-associated kinase whose loss is associated with genomic instability, neoantigen burden, and T cell infiltration, were enriched (3/26 R, 0/101 NR, p = 0.008, Fisher9s). Conclusion: Through uniform genomic analysis of the largest ICI-treated HNSCC cohort to-date, we validated prior findings regarding the significance of TMB and NOTCH1 as correlates of response for ICI in HNSCC. We also show that TMB alone is insufficient as a predictor of response. We identify CDK12 as a variant with a mechanistic relationship to tumor immunology as a possible correlate of response in HPV-negative patients, which warrants further investigation. Citation Format: Nisarg A. Patel, Natalie I. Vokes, Haitham Elmarakeby, Glenn J. Hanna, Eliezer M. Van Allen. Genomic correlates of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5859.
Trends in Hypertension Related Cardiovascular Mortality in The United States, 2000-2018

Background Despite targeted public health efforts, rates of hypertension (HTN) remain persistently high, and HTN control low with significant race-sex disparities. HTN infrequently causes death directly, but more commonly causes death through cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as ischemic heart disease (IHD), heart failure (HF), and cerebrovascular disease. To comprehensively estimate the burden of HTN and inform prevention strategies, we determined trends in HTN-related CVD deaths overall and stratified by CVD subtypes in the United States. Methods Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) were calculated based on death certificates of US residents ≥25 years (y) with any mention of HTN and CVD listed as the underlying cause of death between 2000-2018 (CDC WONDER). Joinpoint software identified inflection points in AAMR for HTN-related CVD. Trends in AAMR (average annual percentage change [AAPC, 95% CI]) of HTN-related CVD deaths as well as stratified by CVD subtype: IHD, HF, and cerebrovascular disease were calculated. All analyses were performed in all decedents and stratified by race-sex subgroups. AAMR rate-ratios (95% CI) of HTN-related CVD deaths in black compared with white men and women were calculated for 2018. Results Between 2000-2018, the AAMR of HTN-related CVD deaths increased by +0.5%/y (0.1, 0.8). A triphasic pattern in overall HTN-related CVD AAMR was identified (FIGURE): between 2000-2003, AAMR increased (+2.2%/y [0.4, 4.0]), between 2003-2012 AAMR decreased (-0.9%/y [-1.3, -0.5]), and between 2012-2018 AAMR increased again (+1.7%/y [1.1, 2.3]). Trends differed by CVD-subtype. The AAMR for HTN-related- IHD deaths declined -1.5 % /y (-1.8, -1.1), HF deaths increased 1.8%/y (1.4, 2.3), and cerebrovascular deaths remained stable -0.1%/year (-0.4, 0.2) between 2000-2018. For all CVD-subtypes AAMR increased in the most recent period (2012-2018) with significant disparities by race-sex. In 2018, AAMR of HTN-related CVD was 1.76 (1.73, 1.80) and 1.63 (1.60, 1.66) times higher in black compared with white men and women, respectively. Conclusions Since 2000, the AAMR for HTN-related CVD deaths has increased, particularly for HTN-related HF deaths. Trends consistently worsened between 2012-2018, with persistent racial disparities. Resources aimed at preventing and managing HTN are urgently needed to equitably reduce preventable CVD deaths.
A Swiftly Changing Tide: Fantasy Sport, Gambling, and Alternative Forms of Participation:

The fantasy sport industry has seen tremendous changes in the past five years, thanks in large part to increased participation, media acceptance, easing of legal pressure, and the proliferation of ...
Reframing the Wellness Challenges in the Legal Profession as Opportunities for Christian Lawyers to Be Salt and Light

In August 2017, the National Task Force on Lawyer Well-Being published its seminal report titled The Path to Lawyer Well-Being: Practical Recommendations for Positive Change. Although other sources had for years expressed concern over the state of well-being of those in the legal profession, the alarming findings in the report and comprehensiveness of its recommendations intensified the calls that more needs to be done to address the problems with mental health, substance abuse, addiction, and related challenges faced by far too many judges, lawyers, and law students. State bars, local bar associations, law schools, and other key stakeholders have since responded to these calls by enacting ethics rule changes, conducting CLEs, drafting new reports, and taking other actions designed to improve the state of well-being in the profession. Then, early this year, the COVID-19 pandemic swept throughout the globe and created new challenges, some of which are still unknown at the time of this writing, but some of which have already harmed the struggling state of lawyers’ and law students’ wellness. How can Christian judges, lawyers, and law students be “salt and light” (Matthew 5:13-15) in the midst of these wellness challenges? This Article first will discuss these challenges and then will offer approaches Christians in the legal profession might take to address them and ultimately work to improve the profession.
Episodes of high recruitment buffer against climate-driven mass mortality events in a North Pacific seabird population.

Longitudinal studies of marked animals provide an opportunity to assess the relative contributions of survival and reproductive output to population dynamics and change. Cassin's auklets are a long-lived seabird that maximizes annual reproductive effort in resource-rich years through a behaviour called double brooding, the initiation of a second breeding attempt following the success of the first during the same season. Our objective was to explore whether double brooding influenced population change by contributing a greater number of future recruits. We fit temporal symmetry models to 32 years of mark-recapture data of Cassin's auklets to infer the mechanisms underlying the observed variability in per capita recruitment rates. We found that periodic peaks in recruitment were explained by an increase in available nest sites, the proportion of the population double brooding 4 years prior, and spring upwelling conditions. Estimates of population change suggests a relatively stable population throughout the time series, attributable to a 'floating' demographic class of sexually mature individuals excluded from breeding by competition which quickly fill vacant sites following periods of low adult survival. Our results highlight the importance of recruitment in maintaining the population of a long-lived seabird periodically impacted by adverse environmental conditions.
The Other Citizenship Clause

The first sentence of the Fourteenth Amendment declares that “all persons born or naturalized within the United States . . . are citizens of the United States.” This clause defined the criteria for United States citizenship and established birthright citizenship as a principle of constitutional law. Yet two years before the Fourteenth Amendment became law, the Reconstruction Congress had already declared “All persons born in the United States and not subject to any foreign power, excluding Indians not taxed . . . to be citizens of the United States.” This other Citizenship Clause is the preamble to the 1866 Civil Rights Act. This statutory clause directly contravenes the United States Supreme Court’s ruling in Dred Scott v. Sanford that freed slaves could not be citizens. Yet the 1866 Act was based on Congress’ power to enforce the Thirteenth Amendment, and before the Fourteenth Amendment’s Citizenship Clause was ratified. How could the members of the Reconstruction Congress have believed that they had the power to enact the other Citizenship Clause? The answer to this question has implications for the original meaning of the Thirteenth Amendment and its enforcement clause. Scholars have generally linked citizenship rights to the Fourteenth Amendment, and not the Thirteenth. However, the other Citizenship Clause is evidence that either the Thirteenth Amendment established freed slaves as United States citizens, or the Amendment’s enforcement clause empowered Congress to overturn the Supreme Court’s interpretation of the Constitution in Dred Scott on its own. The 1866 Civil Rights Act was based in Congress’ new power to enforce the Thirteenth Amendment pursuant to its enforcement clause, Section Two. Thus, the 1866 Civil Rights Act provides a glimpse of those fundamental rights which the members of the Reconstruction Congress believed to be inherent in freedom, and furthers our understanding of the original meaning of the Thirteenth Amendment and its enforcement clause. The Act’s citizenship clause is evidence that many members of the Reconstruction Congress believed that free Blacks were United States citizens with fundamental rights. In their view, the Thirteenth Amendment not only ended slavery, but recognized the citizenship rights of freed slaves. For those members of Congress who did not equate freedom with citizenship, the other Citizenship Clause reflects the scope of their power to enforce the Thirteenth Amendment with “appropriate” legislation. Did they believe that the Amendment empowered them to overturn Dred Scott with a statute? If so, they thought that their enforcement power was broad indeed.
Recent trends in dental emergency department visits in the United States:1997/1998 to 2007/2008.

Objective: The author focused on recent national trends in dental emergency department (ED) visits. Patients who presented at an ED for a dental condition are described and the author look at the extent to which these patients have changed over time. Methods: This study was based on the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, a national probability survey of hospital ED visits. A dental ED visit was defined using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification diagnostic codes. Results: Between 1997/1998 and 2007/2008, dental ED visits increased from 1.15 to 1.87 percent of total ED visits. The largest increase in the number of dental ED visits per 1,000 persons was found for young adults 20-34 years old. Primary payer, a measure of insurance status, suggests that patients from all income levels participated in the increase. Conclusions: Although dental-related ED visits account for a relatively small percentage of total ED visits, both the number and the percentage of such visits grew from 1997/1998 to 2007/2008. Young adults 20-34 years old were most likely to present at an ED with a dental problem.
Room temperature local synthesis of carbon nanotubes

We report the synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNT) by localized resistive heating of a MEMS structure in a room temperature chamber. This is the first known vapor-deposition CNT growth method that does not require globally elevated temperatures. The localized, selective, and scalable process is compatible with on-chip microelectronics and removes necessity of post-synthesis assembly of nanostructures to form integrated devices. Synthesized nanotube dimensions are 5-50 nm in diameter and up to 7 /spl mu/m in length. Growth rates of up to 0.25 /spl mu/m/min were observed. This accomplishment makes possible the direct integration of CNT devices with on-chip transduction, readout, processing, and communications circuitry, facilitating integration of nanotechnology with larger-scale systems.
Basic Hip Arthroscopy: Supine Patient Positioning and Dynamic Fluoroscopic Evaluation

Hip arthroscopy serves as both a diagnostic and therapeutic tool for the management of various conditions that afflict the hip. This article reviews the basics of hip arthroscopy by demonstrating supine patient positioning, fluoroscopic evaluation of the hip under anesthesia, and sterile preparation and draping. Careful attention to detail during the operating theater setup ensures adequate access to the various compartments of the hip to facilitate the diagnosis of disease and treatment with minimally invasive arthroscopy. Furthermore, having a routine method for patient positioning and operative setup improves patient safety, as well as operative efficiency, as the operative team becomes familiar with the surgeon's standard approach to hip arthroscopy cases.
New technology for fabricating multiple pitch gratings for WDM laser arrays

For high-capacity wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical communication systems, distributed feedback (DFB) laser arrays having a nanometer wavelength spacing are highly desirable. Most of the WDM laser arrays fabricated today used E-beam lithography to achieve accurate control of the channel spacing. However, E-beam lithography is not suitable for high volume production because of its low throughput and high cost. Recently, we developed a new fabricating process, cascaded self-induced holography, to form submicron gratings. This process is simple, reliable, and insensitive to vibrations and environmental changes. In this paper, we use cascaded self-induced holography to demonstrate multiple grating pitches having a period difference of a few angstroms between adjacent devices. This technique is particularly attractive for WDM laser arrays.
Role of Negative Regulation in Promoter Specificity of the Homologous Transcriptional Activators Ace2p and Swi5p

The Ace2p and Swi5p zinc finger proteins have nearly identical DNA-binding domains, yet in vivo they activate transcription of different genes, CTS1 and HO. We now demonstrate that Ace2p and Swi5p recognize sites in the CTS1 and HO promoters with the same affinities, raising the question of how promoter specificity is achieved by these proteins with similar DNA-binding domains. It has been previously shown that Swi5p binds to the HO promoter cooperatively with the Pho2p (Base2p/Grf10p) homeodomain protein, and we now show that Ace2p does not interact with Pho2p. Analysis of CTS1 promoter fragments inserted into a heterologous promoter identify a sequence 90 bp away from the Ace2p binding sites which is required to prevent activation by Swi5p through these binding sites. These results suggest that a regulatory protein bound to the CTS1 promoter is needed to prevent Swi5p from activating CT1S expression. A genetic screen was conducted to identify suppressor mutations which allow CTS1 expression in the absence of the Ace2p activator. The nce3 mutation suppresses the ace2 defect in CTS1 expression only if the strain contains a functional SWI5 gene, suggesting that NCE3 normally functions to prevent Swi5p from activating CTS1. The role of negative regulators such as NCE3, as well as the previously described SIN5 gene, in determining the promoter specificity of homologous activators is discussed.
Purification and partial characterization of canine S100A12.

Canine S100A12 (cS100A12) is a calcium-binding protein of the S100 superfamily of EF-hand proteins, and its expression is restricted to neutrophils and monocytes. Interaction of S100A12 with the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) has been suggested to play a central role in inflammation. Moreover, S100A12 has been shown to represent a sensitive and specific marker for gastrointestinal inflammation in humans. Only human, porcine, bovine, and rabbit S100A12 have been purified to date, and an immunoassay for the quantification of S100A12 is available only for humans. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a protocol for the purification of S100A12 and to partially characterize this protein in the dog (Canis lupus familiaris) as a prelude to the development of an immunologic method for its detection and quantification in canine serum and fecal specimens. Leukocytes were isolated from canine whole blood by dextran sedimentation, and canine S100A12 was extracted from the cytosol fraction of these cells. Further purification of cS100A12 comprised of ammonium sulfate precipitation, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and strong cation- and anion-exchange column chromatography. Canine S100A12 was successfully purified from canine whole blood. The relative molecular mass of the protein was estimated at 10,379.5 and isoelectric focusing revealed an isoelectric point of 6.0. The approximate specific absorbance of cS100A12 at 280 nm was determined to be 1.78 for a 1 mg/ml solution. The N-terminal AA sequence of the first 15 residues of cS100A12 was Thr-Lys-Leu-Glu-Asp-His-X-Glu-Gly-Ile-Val-Asp-Val-Phe-His, and revealed 100% identity with the predicted protein sequence available through the canine genome project. Sequence homology for the 14 N-terminal residues identified for cS100A12 with those of feline, bovine, porcine, and human S100A12 was 78.6%. We conclude that canine S100A12 can be successfully purified from canine whole blood using the described methods.
4 EFFECT OF ISOMETRIC AND DYNAMIC EXERCISE STRESS ON HYPERTENSIVE ADOLESCENTS

Isometric (ISO) and dynamic (DYN) exercise stress tests were performed on 91 hypertensive and 42 normotensive control subjects 14-17 years old. The hypertensives had resting systolic or diastolic pressures persistently ≥ 95th percentile. Blood pressure and Frank VCG were recorded during ISO handgrip (25% of maximum effort for 4 minutes) and bicycle ergometry until the subject was exhausted. At peak DYN exercise, heart rates averaged 191±12 (SD) bpm, and oxygen consumption 34±10 cc/min/kg, indicating near-maximal performance was achieved in most subjects. In the hypertensives, blood pressures (mm Hg) averaged 133±11/77±9 at rest, 148±13/92±12 during ISO stress, and 186±21/68±21 during peak DYN stress. In controls, pressures averaged 110±7/62±12 at rest, 129±11/81±8 during ISO stress, and 166±18/63±14 during peak DYN stress. During DYN stress, 34% of the hypertensives and 5% of the controls had systolic pressures ≥200, however, only 1 hypertensive exceeded 220. During ISO stress, 8% of the hypertensives and none of the controls had diastolic pressures ≥110; only 1 hypertensive exceeded 120. No adolescent developed cardiovascular symptoms, arrhythmias, or ST segment displacement greater than 1 mm. In view of these findings, we feel hypertensive adolescents should not be restricted in their physical activities unless abnormal cardiovascular changes have been demonstrated during exercise stress testing.
Ultra high-temperature and subsolidus shear zones: examples from the Poe Mountain anorthosite, Wyoming

Abstract Ultra high-temperature shear zones formed with interstitial melts present during the emplacement of the Poe Mountain anorthosite, Wyoming. The shear zones are characterized by coarse-grained plagioclase with flat extinction and rare deformation microstructures. Dissected grain microstructures suggest that plagioclase underwent recrystallization by ‘fast’ grain boundary migration. Orthopyroxene crystallized from interstitial melts as strain-free, foliation-parallel tablet grains. Plagioclase has a magmatic petrofabric, characterized by poles to (010) normal to the shear foliation, and [100] parallel to the foliation and movement direction. Poles to (001) have a broad distribution with a point maximum roughly parallel to the foliation and normal to the movement direction. Orthopyroxene petrofabrics result from oriented growth parallel to the shear foliation. [100] defines a point maximum perpendicular to the shear foliation, and [010] and [001] have great circle distributions approximately parallel to the shear foliation. Microstructures of the ultra high-temperature shear zones contrast with those of granulite-grade shear zones cutting across the intrusion. The granulite-grade shear zones initiated as fractures, which evolved into shear zones by dynamic recrystallization. Deformed primary plagioclase and orthopyroxene recrystallized by grain boundary rotation into smaller polygonal grains.
Siegert resonance calculations—real and divergence‐free

The calculation of virtual states or resonances is formulated as the solution of a system of coupled real differential equations with suitable boundary conditions and solved by means of a finite difference method. The results are compared to similar results calculated with other techniques. In most of the cases we found very good agreement.
Effects of Organizational Support on Potency in Work Teams The Mediating Role of Team Processes

This study focuses on team members' perceptions of organizational support as antecedents of team processes and potency. Potency is team members' collective belief that the team can be effective. In...
An AC electrokinetic technique for collection and concentration of particles and cells on patterned electrodes

We report an electrohydrodynamic effect arising from the application of alternating electric fields to patterned electrode surfaces. The AC fields were applied to dilute suspensions of latex microspheres enclosed between a patterned silicon wafer and an ITO-coated glass slide in a small chamber. The latex particles became collected in the center of the conductive “corrals” on the silicon wafer acting as bottom electrode. The particle collection efficiency and speed depended only on the frequency and strength of the field and were independent of the material properties of the particles or the electrodes. The leading effect in the particle collection process is AC electrohydrodynamics. We discuss how the electrohydrodynamic flows emerge from the spatially nonuniform field and interpret the experimental results by means of electrostatic and hydrodynamic simulations. The technique allows three-dimensional microfluidic pumping and transport by the use of two-dimensional patterns. We demonstrate on-chip collect...
Utilization of lichens in the arctic and subarctic

The principal economic importance of lichens lies in their providing sustenance for hundreds of thousands of reindeer in circumpolar regions, animals upon which the Eskimos, Lapps and other Far North peoples depend for food and clothing. Industrially many of them still furnish raw materials for the dyeing and cosmetic industries, and in past times some of them served for brewing, distilling and medicine. During World War II, the reindeer industry contributed substantially to the Soviet war effort.
Brachytherapy: criteria for case selection.

Brachytherapy has an established role in the management of a number of malignancies. Contributing to successful application of brachytherapy techniques are proper planning, technical sophistication, and meticulous execution. Equally important, presumably, is proper case selection although conditions favoring brachytherapy utilization are not well described. To facilitate discussion of this topic, a semiquantitative system of brachytherapy case selection is proposed. Variables considered include the natural history of the malignancy, risks involved in the procedure, accessibility of implant site, and results obtainable with other treatment modalities. Brachytherapy Case Selection Scores (0–8) were generated for a number of malignancies. Higher scores were found for sites in which the use of brachytherapy is generally accepted and practiced, implying that the clinical factors considered in this system are clinically relevant, and that such a system could be useful when considering the use of brachytherapy i...
Genetic analyses for predictors of radiation response in glioblastoma

Purpose: Radiotherapy (RT) for patients with glioblastoma improves survival and is recommended for nearly all patients with this diagnosis. However, the response to RT is variable in this patient population. Prior studies have suggested that underlying genetic alterations in the tumor may account for some of this treatment-related heterogeneity. It has been previously reported that epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) gene amplification and TP53 mutation correlate with the response to RT in patients with glioblastoma. Methods and Materials: We sought to identify molecular markers that could predict the response to RT, progression-free survival after RT, and overall survival among 75 glioblastoma patients treated with RT at a single institution. Genetic analyses assessed EGFR amplification, TP53 mutations, CDKN2A/p16 deletion, and losses of chromosomes 1p, 10q, and 19q. Results: Unlike previous reports, no association of EGFR amplification with response to RT, progression-free survival, or overall survival was found. Moreover, no association was found between these endpoints and the other genetic alterations assayed ( TP53 mutation, CDKN2A/p16 deletion, loss of heterozygosity 1p, loss of heterozygosity 10q, and loss of heterozygosity 19q). However, in accordance with recent observations that the prognostic effects of genetic alterations in glioblastoma may depend on patient age, we observed age-dependent prognostic effects of TP53 and CDKN2A/p16 alterations in our patient population. For patients ≥57 years old, those harboring TP53 mutations had a decreased overall survival compared with patients without TP53 mutations. Similarly, deletion of CDKN2A/p16 in patients ≥57 years was associated with decreased progression-free survival after RT and a trend toward a shorter time to progression after RT compared with similar patients without the deletion. Conclusion: These data contrast with previous studies regarding the significant prognostic effect of EGFR with respect to RT response. Although our observations regarding the age-dependent prognostic effects of TP53 and CDKN2A/p16 are consistent with a prior report regarding these alterations, the present results should be considered preliminary, given the small sample size.
Relationship between clinical parameters and linear growth in children with cystic fibrosis.

Mixed longitudinal height data from 1,170 cystic fibrosis patients seen at Rainbow Babies and Childrens Hospital in Cleveland form the basis for this analysis. As a group, the patients experience growth retardation throughout the growth cycle, with median height values below the 25th percentile of NCHS standards until late adolescence. Median height increments are also below normal standards until age 16 years in boys and 14 years in girls. Based on these results, it appears that some CF patients have very delayed adolescent growth spurts, and continue to grow into early adulthood. Pancreataic-enzyme-sufficient patients have greater height-for-age percentiles than enzyme-deficient patients after 9 years of age. The overall difference between enzyme-sufficient and enzyme-deficient patients is not statistically significant (P=0.058), perhaps because of small sample size for the enzyme-sufficient group (n=19). The correlation between pulmonary status assessed from lung X-rays and height increment peaks at age 10 years in girls and age 15 years in boys, with significant negative correlation occurring after age 16 years in both sexes. Although both pancreatic enzyme deficiency and lung disease appear to have some effect on linear growth in CF, especially during adolescence, these two factors explain a relatively small portion of the variation in growth percentiles.