cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Species-specific mechanisms of carcinogenesis.

While there is excellent concordance between the results of animal and human studies on known human carcinogens, the data are much less consistent for known animal carcinogens, There could be many reasons for this, First, there may have been inadequate study or length and magnitude of human exposure to demonstrate human susceptibility. A second major factor is the difference in the proportion of genotoxic and nongenotoxic agents among known human and animal carcinogens: the vast majority of known human carcinogens are genotoxic. Arecent survey by Shelby (1988) showed that 20 of23 known human carcinogens were genotoxic. A similar proportion of the expanded IARC list of human carcinogens (IARC, 1987) is genotoxic (Shelby & Zeiger, 1990). In contrast, roughly half of the much larger number ofrodent carcinogens are nongenotoxic (Ashby & Tenant, 1991). It is difficult to imagine that for only a few or none of these chemicals has there been adequate human exposure or epidemiological investigation to demonstrate human carcinogenicity. Unlike their genotoxic counterparts, the nongenotoxic agents usually induce neoplasia in rodents at maximum tolerated doses and rarely at doses one order of magnitude lower. Exceptions, such as tumour promotion by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin, have been shown to work through a receptor-based mechanism. A principal mechanism for several nongenotoxic carcinogens is increased cell proliferation. While it has long been recognized that cell proliferation is required for both mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, its role is beginning to be better understood. Cell proliferation is required to 'fix' DNA damage into mutations, whether that damage is chemically induced by a genotoxic agent or spontaneous. Such spontaneous DNA damage is common, with 50000 to 250 000 such events occurring per cell per day (Loeb, 1989; US National Research Council, 1989). Most of these events are rapidly and efficiently repaired; when cell proliferation is increased, however, there is less time available for repair prior to DNA replication. Cell proliferation is also required for donal expansion of initiated ceIls, a mechanism that enhances the probability of additional genetic events taking place. These
Implementing the Policy of the U.N. Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

On September 13, 2007, the United Nations General Assembly voted to adopt the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). This was an historic event as work on UNDRIP had been ongoing for 30 years before its passage. Today, UNDRIP provides a framework for addressing human rights protections for Indigenous peoples globally. This article examines the significance of UNDRIP as a public policy tool for developing national policy to support future resource and land management consultations that are based on free, prior, and informed consent.
Tumors of the Major and Minor Salivary Glands

Primary salivary gland tumors account for approximately 7% of all head and neck malignancies and less than 3% of all human tumors. The overall incidence in the general population is about 1.5/100,000. There do not appear to be any predisposing factors which can be identified, except for radiation induced neoplasms, such as those reported in the Hiroshima – Nagasaki survivors by Belsky e t al. (1972), Takeichi et al. (1983), and Shorefreedman et al. (1983). As a general rule, benign tumors tend to occur in younger patients and malignant tumors in the older age group. There is generally no sexual predilection except in the cases of Warthin’s tumor, which is about 5 times more frequent in men as reported by Dorn & Cutler (1959).
Some More Watters, Please: The Dodd-Frank Act’s New Preemption Standards Lighten Consumers’ Wallets

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act precipitates innumerable changes that will both directly and indirectly shape the future of the financial industry. This Note addresses two important subsets of the Dodd-Frank Act—Section 1044 and Section 1046—which vitiate the authority of federally chartered banks and thrifts to comply with federal laws over state laws. For decades, courts have preempted scores of state laws, which are often more strict than federal laws, from regulating the operations of national banks and federal thrifts. The Supreme Court’s decision in Watters v. Wachovia Bank, N.A. extended to operating subsidiaries the same preemption protection afforded to national banks and financial thrifts, allowing parent institutions to operate their subsidiaries uniformly. Now, Sections 1044 and 1046 of the Dodd-Frank Act make it more difficult for banks and thrifts to escape stringent state laws. For choice of law purposes, the new regulations treat subsidiaries the same as individuals and nonbank corporations, thereby burdening financial institutions. Although the goal of the Dodd-Frank Act is to protect consumers from predatory banking practices, the new preemption standards in Sections 1044 and 1046 will ultimately pass increased operating costs on to consumers. To prevent consumers from bearing the burden of these provisions, this Note urges Congress to reinstate the Watters preemption standard for subsidiaries of national banks and federal thrifts. INTRODUCTION 1460 I. FEDERAL PREEMPTION BEFORE DODD-FRANK 1463 A. Federal Preemption Doctrine: A Brief Overview ....... 1463 B. National Banks: Barnett Bank of Marion County, N.A. v. Nelson 1466 C. Field Preemption for Federal Thrifts 1469 D. Heightened Power: Watters v. Wachovia Bank, N.A. 1471 ∗ J.D. Candidate, 2012, University of Florida Levin College of Law; B.S.B.A. in Finance, 2009, Stonehill College. This Note is dedicated to my parents Jim and Kerri, my sister Shannyn, and my brothers Jimmy and Kyle—your love, support, and guidance in every aspect of my life help me achieve my goals every day. Thank you to Matthew Salerno—your continuous love and support mean the world to me. I would also like to thank the editors of the Florida Law Review for all of their hard work and assistance. 1460 FLORIDA LAW REVIEW [Vol. 63 II. ALTERING THE PREEMPTION LANDSCAPE: THE DODD-FRANK ACT 1472 A. Solidifying Barnett Bank Through Section 1044 ......... 1473 B. New Hurdles to Preemption Under Section 1044 ....... 1475 C. Elimination of the Office of Thrift Supervision and Substantial Changes to Section 1046 for Federal Thrifts 1477 D. Overturning Watters: Exposing Subsidiaries to a Patchwork of Legislation 1478 III. ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF MORE STRINGENT PREEMPTION STANDARDS 1479 CONCLUSION 1484
Peer-delivered harm reduction and recovery support services: initial evaluation from a hybrid recovery community drop-in center and syringe exchange program

Recovery from substance use disorder (SUD) is often considered at odds with harm reduction strategies. More recently, harm reduction has been categorized as both a pathway to recovery and a series of services to reduce the harmful consequences of substance use. Peer recovery support services (PRSS) are effective in improving SUD outcomes, as well as improving the engagement and effectiveness of harm reduction programs. This study provides an initial evaluation of a hybrid recovery community organization providing PRSS as well as peer-based harm reduction services via a syringe exchange program. Administrative data collected during normal operations of the Missouri Network for Opiate Reform and Recovery were analyzed using Pearson chi-square tests and Monte Carlo chi-square tests. Intravenous substance-using participants (N = 417) had an average of 2.14 engagements (SD = 2.59) with the program. Over the evaluation period, a range of 5345–8995 sterile syringes were provided, with a range of 600–1530 used syringes collected. Participant housing status, criminal justice status, and previous health diagnosis were all significantly related to whether they had multiple engagements. Results suggest that recovery community organizations are well situated and staffed to also provide harm reduction services, such as syringe exchange programs. Given the relationship between engagement and participant housing, criminal justice status, and previous health diagnosis, recommendations for service delivery include additional education and outreach for homeless, justice-involved, LatinX, and LGBTQ+ identifying individuals.
Dipolar Model for Metamaterial Imaging Systems

We present a comprehensive simulation platform for computational microwave imaging systems based on frequency-diverse metasurface antennas (FDMAs). FDMAs consist of a waveguide patterned with complementary metamaterial elements with resonant frequencies selected randomly from a band of operation, enabling the generation of distinct frequency-indexed radiation patterns. By accurately modeling the fields produced by the FDMA using a dipolar model, it is possible to predict the capabilities of the imaging system in a fast and reliable manner. In contrast to previous works, in this paper we include the mutual interaction between metamaterial elements, and it is demonstrated that these interactions are crucial to a better understanding of the FDMAs' capabilities e. g. effective aperture area and correlation of radiation patterns. The simplicity and accuracy of the proposed model permits the simulation of different metasurfaces for computational microwave imaging, where traditional antenna design- and metamaterial modeling-are prohibitively costly.
SenseBox: A DIY Prototyping Platform to Create Audio Interfaces for Therapy

Customizable systems that let children and adults with disabilities control audio playback can support different forms of therapy, including music therapy and speech-language therapy. We present SenseBox, a low-cost, open-source, customizable hardware/software prototyping platform to turn everyday objects into audio triggers for people with disabilities. Users can add tags to physical objects that when in proximity to SenseBox trigger the playback of associated audio files. We designed SenseBox with input from three therapists and an assistive technology expert. We detail our human-centered design process that took place over 16 months and describe a detailed example use case where SenseBox was used to create an accessible music player for a child with cognitive disabilities. This project illustrates how to design physical computing prototyping platforms for therapists to create customized interfaces for their clients without requiring prior programming or design experience.
Implementing a New Score Scale for the Clinical Science Subject Examinations: Validity and Practical Considerations.

Prior to August 2015, the National Board of Medical Examiners’ (NBME) clinical science subject examination scores were reported as a scaled score. However, the scaled scores had some undesirable properties that threatened the validity of the inferences that score users were making based on the scores. The NBME changed the score scale to equated percent correct scores to address score validity concerns and to better meet the needs of medical school faculty and students. This paper describes the validity and practical considerations associated with the implementation of equated percent correct scores for the clinical science subject examination program.
Room-temperature liquid metal and alloy systems for energy storage applications

Liquid metals (LM) and alloys that feature inherent deformability, high electronic conductivity, and superior electrochemical properties have attracted considerable research attention, especially in the energy storage research field for both portable devices and grid scale applications. Compared with high temperature LM systems requiring rigorous thermal management and sophisticated cell sealing, room temperature LMs, which can maintain the advantageous features of liquids without external energy input, are emerging as promising alternatives to build advanced energy storage devices. Moreover, compared with high-temperature liquid metal alternatives, RT-LMs are free of thermal management, corrosion, and sealing issues. In this perspective, we summarize recent advances, analyze current challenges, and provide prospects of the RT-LM systems as electrodes for rechargeable batteries. Starting with an introduction of LM systems and their features, we present the status of the development of liquid metal anodes. Theoretical and experimental explorations of mechanisms including phase equilibria, wetting behavior, and alloy deposition behavior in a battery using liquid metal electrodes (LME) are provided to guide the battery design. Taking Na–K alkali metal alloys and Ga-based fusible alloys as two model LME systems, different battery designs are presented along with mechanistic discussions on cathode dependence, interfacial chemistry, and the multi-cation effect. In addition, other possible battery designs, major challenges, and possible opportunities for further developments of the RT LM-based energy storage systems are also discussed in the end.
Transversus abdominis plane block with liposomal bupivacaine and its effect on opiate use after weight loss surgery: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background Liposomal bupivacaine (LB), as an extended-release local anesthetic, may provide lasting pain control and therefore decrease the need for narcotics in the immediate postoperative period. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate whether transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block with LB decreased the use of postoperative narcotics compared with regular bupivacaine (RB) and no TAP block in patients undergoing weight loss procedures. Setting A large, metropolitan, university-affiliated, tertiary hospital. Methods Patients undergoing laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, or sleeve-to-bypass conversion over 1 year were randomized to receive TAP block using LB, TAP block with RB, or no block in a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. The outcomes measured were postoperative use of opiates, pain score, length of stay, time to ambulation, and nausea. Data were analyzed using χ2 test and analysis of variance F test. Results Two hundred nineteen patients were included in the study. Fentanyl patient-controlled analgesia usage was not significantly different between the groups (LB 351.4 versus RB 360.7 versus no TAP block 353.9, P = .97) at 48 hours post operation. The pain scores (scale 1–10) were similar among the groups with the mean for the LB group at 4.3, and RB and no TAP block groups both at 4.7 (P = .35). The type of block or lack of block did not significantly impact the length of stay, time to ambulation, or presence of nausea. Conclusion The LB TAP block did not significantly reduce the total opiate pain medication consumption nor did it reduce pain scores among bariatric surgery patients.
Embedding PbS Quantum Dots (QDs) in Pb-Halide Perovskite Matrices: QD Surface Chemistry and Antisolvent Effects on QD Dispersion and Confinement Properties

Hybrid materials of metal chalcogenide colloidal quantum dots (QDs) embedded in metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have led to composites with synergistic properties. Here, we investigate how QD size,...
Unveiling the role of atomic defects on the electronic, mechanical and elemental diffusion properties in CuS

Abstract Effects of atomic defects on electronic properties, mechanical stability, and elemental diffusivity in CuS (or covellite) were investigated by first-principles calculations. The metallic CuS shows higher structural and mechanical stabilities compared to CuxS phases. Strong covalent bonds in pristine CuS restrict the self-diffusion of Cu and S atoms; however, different band orientations in presence of atomic vacancies result in a high degree of self-diffusion. Specially, sulfur vacancies play a prominent role in increasing the diffusion of both Cu and S. Calculated self-diffusion coefficients between 100 °C and 150 °C are of the order of 10−6 cm2/s, comparable to experiments.
Establishing Objective Measures of Clinical Competence in Undergraduate Medical Education Through Immersive Virtual Reality

Abstract Objective The Association of American Medical Colleges defines recognition of the need for urgent or emergent escalation of care as a key Entrustable Professional Activity (EPA) for entering residency (EPA#10). This study pilots the use of an immersive virtual reality (VR) platform for defining objective observable behaviors as standards for evaluation of medical student recognition of impending respiratory failure. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted from July 2018 to December 2019, evaluating student performance during a VR scenario of an infant in impending respiratory failure using the OculusRift VR platform. Video recordings were rated by 2 pair of physician reviewers blinded to student identity. One pair provided a consensus global assessment of performance (not competent, borderline, or competent) while the other used a checklist of observable behaviors to rate performance. Binary discriminant analysis was used to identify the observable behaviors that predicted the global assessment rating. Results Twenty-six fourth year medical students participated. Student performance of 8 observable behaviors was found to be most predictive of a rating of competent, with a 91% probability. Correctly stating that the patient required an escalation of care had the largest contribution toward predicting a rating of competent, followed by commenting on the patient's increased heart rate, low oxygen saturation, increased respiratory rate, and stating that the patient was in respiratory distress. Conclusions This study demonstrates that VR can be used to establish objective and observable performance standards for assessment of EPA attainment – a key step in moving towards competency based medical education.
Ensemble coding of crowd emotion: Differential hemispheric and visual stream contributions

The visual system takes advantage of redundancies in the scene by extracting summary statistics from a set of items. Similarly, in many social situations where scrutinizing each individual9s expression is inefficient, human observers make snap judgments of crowds of people by reading "crowd emotion" to avoid danger (e.g., mass panic or violent mobs) or to seek help. However, how the brain accomplishes this feat remains unaddressed. Here we report a set of behavioral and fMRI studies in which participants made avoidance or approach decisions by choosing between two facial crowds presented in the left and right visual fields (LVF/RVF). Participants were most accurate for crowds containing task-relevant cues: avoiding angry crowds and approaching happy crowds. This effect was amplified by sex-linked facial cues (angry male/happy female crowds) and highly lateralized, with better recognition of the task-congruent facial crowd when presented in LVF. fMRI results showed that the dorsal visual stream was preferentially activated in crowd emotion processing, with intraparietal sulcus and superior frontal gyrus predicting behavioral crowd emotion efficiency, whereas the ventral visual stream showed greater involvement in individual face emotion processing, with fusiform cortex activity predicting the accuracy of decisions about individual face emotion. Our results shed new light on the distinction between global vs. local processing of face stimuli, revealing differential involvement of the left and right hemispheres and the dorsal and ventral pathways in reading crowd vs. individual emotion.
0012 Single mothers: portals of critical knowledge in the effort to mitigate youth gun violence

Statement of purpose Single mothers and their children residing in high-crime communities (HCCs) in the United States are disproportionately exposed to crime, and therefore, the criminal justice system. Specific challenges of single motherhood in HCCs compound the link between juvenile offending and single- female-headed households. Little is known, however, about how single mothers in HCCs perceive and use the police as a resource to help prevent juvenile offending, specifically gun violence. The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of single mothers with police as they related to the arrest of their children for a gun crime. The research questions focused on understanding how single mothers in HCCs currently perceive the police in terms of effectiveness in preventing youth gun violence, if they currently use the police as part of a prevention strategy, and, if so, how they engage with the police. The theoretical base for this study was Husserl’s transcendental phenomenological theory. Methods/Approach Snowball sampling was used to identify 7 participants for individual interviews. Data from the interviews were coded and categorized for thematic analysis. Results Eleven themes emerged from the data analysis which highlighted the importance of officer demeanor and trust-building abilities. Findings also suggested that single mothers in HCCs should be regarded by police agencies as critical portals of information regarding youth gun crime. Significance The implications for social change and injury and violence prevention science include informing law enforcement policy makers of best practices for collaborating with single mothers in HCCs to prevent youth gun violence. Implementing these practices can help reduce the loss of life as a result of youth gun violence and reduce the number of youth arrested for gun crimes annually.
Rolling resistance of casters increases significantly after two years of simulated use.

Introduction Manual wheelchair propulsion is associated with upper limb pain and injury, and clinical guidelines recommend minimizing propulsive force to lower health risks. One of the strategies to reduce propulsive force is by minimizing rolling resistance (RR). Product testing studies suggest that RR of casters is affected by wear and tear which could have implications on the health risk of wheelchair users. The study will investigate the relationship between caster RR and environmental exposure using standard testing protocols. Methods RR of ten casters representing a range of diameters for different models of wheelchairs were measured before and after environmental exposure that includes corrosion, shock and abrasion simulating two years of community use. Results Four casters exhibited failures during durability testing, one catastrophically. Increases to RR after corrosion, shock and abrasion exposure were statistically significant using mixed-effects modeling, and four casters had increased RR greater than 20%. Conclusions Many of the casters evaluated exhibited increased RR forces and failure after environmental exposure. Improved caster design and use of corrosion resistant materials may reduce these failures. In addition, modification of the provision process could include replacement casters to reduce failures and avoid breakdowns that leave manual wheelchair users stranded or injured.
The Aftermath of Carpenter: An Empirical Study of Fourth Amendment Law, 2018-2021

Fourth Amendment law is in flux. The Supreme Court recently established, in the landmark case Carpenter v. United States, that individuals can retain Fourth Amendment rights in information they disclose to a third party. In the internet era, this ruling has the potential to extend privacy protections to a huge variety of sensitive digital information. But Carpenter is also notoriously vague. Scholars and lower courts have tried to guess at what the law of Fourth Amendment searches will be going forward—and have reached different, contradictory conclusions. This Article reports the results of a large-scale empirical study of the impact of a transformative Supreme Court decision in federal and state courts. It analyzes all 857 federal and state judgments applying Carpenter from its publication in June 2018 through March 2021. Relying on this unique, hand-coded database, the Article illuminates both the present and future of Fourth Amendment law. In doing so, it identifies the factors that drive modern Fourth Amendment search decisions—and those that fail to drive them. It examines disagreements among lower courts about the scope and breadth of Carpenter, as some courts apply its concepts expansively while others attempt to narrow it from below. It assesses how state courts apply federal constitutional law, blending federal and state interests in unique ways. And it analyzes the enormous practical impact of the “good faith exception” to the exclusionary rule, which permits the government to use unconstitutionally obtained evidence to convict defendants if such evidence was collected in reliance on prior law. Based on these findings, the Article explores alternative directions that courts may take as they continue to refine Fourth Amendment law and address novel surveillance technologies. In addition to its many contributions to the Fourth Amendment literature, the Article is the most comprehensive empirical study to date of the jurisprudential impact of a Supreme Court case in the years following its publication.
Early Mesoamerican monumentality.

Monumental architecture is fundamental for understanding ancient complex societies as it is the result of coordinated projects that frame political and ceremonial activity1. A new study documents hundreds of architectural centres in Mexico, revealing monumental architecture at a scale unimaginable even a decade ago2.
Effect of pH and pH-Shifting on Lignin–Protein Interaction and Properties of Lignin-Protein Polymers

Innovation of high-value added lignin derivatives has become a topic of interest, but lignin modification and utilization remain a challenge due to lignin’s complicated structure. In our previous study, we successfully improved water resistance and adhesion performance of soy protein adhesives using unmodified lignin. This study focuses on lignin modification as well as lignin-protein properties and interactions. Lignin modification was achieved by pH changes and pH-shifting. Cleavage of β-O-4 linkage was observed at pH 8.5 and pH 12, resulting in smaller particle sizes and changes in thermal properties. Partial repolymerization was found after pH-shifting treatments. Lignin increased the strength of protein films under high temperature and significantly enhanced the water resistance of soy protein at pH 12. Cross-linking of protein and lignin took place via carbonyl, amino, and hydroxyl groups. Multiple-point interactions between lignin and protein resulted in a stronger lignin-protein network. Additional lignin-protein complexes with high molecular weight were detected with an elevated lignin concentration at pH 8.5. The binding interaction between lignin and protein, although of non-specific nature, was also observed by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Findings of this study contribute to the further development of green lignin-protein products.
Incidences of complications associated with cervical cerclage by indication of the procedure

AIM To investigate the incidence of complications associated with cervical cerclage by indication. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of women with singleton pregnancies who underwent cervical cerclage in a single perinatal center between 2008 and 2019. The participants were divided into three groups according to indication: history-indicated cerclage (HIC) group, ultrasound-indicated cerclage (UIC) group, and physical examination-indicated cerclage (PEIC) group. The incidences of perioperative complications within 2 weeks after the procedure, including intraoperative rupture of membranes, intraoperative bleeding, anesthesia complications, clinical chorioamnionitis, premature rupture of membranes (PROM), preterm delivery, and displacement of the suture, and those of peripartum complications, including difficult suture removal and cervical laceration, for each group were compared using Fisher's exact test or Pearson's chi-square test. Factors associated with severe adverse event, defined as PROM or delivery within 2 weeks after the procedure, were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 279 women (HIC, 38; UIC, 96; PEIC, 145) were enrolled. The incidence of perioperative complications was different among the three groups (7.9%, 10.4%, and 27.6%, respectively; p < 0.01), whereas that of peripartum complications was similar (18.4%, 11.5%, and 12.4%, respectively; p = 0.54). Severe adverse events occurred only in PEIC group, with an incidence of 18.6%. The associated factor for severe adverse events in PEIC group was prolapsed membranes into the vagina. CONCLUSIONS Incidences of perioperative complications of cerclage differed among the indications. Women who underwent PEIC had higher risk of severe adverse events, especially when accompanied with prolapsed membranes into the vagina.
Strain tunable optics of elastomeric microlens array

Abstract Microlens arrays (MLAs) have attracted great attention with their important applications in many fields, such as optical communications, organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), thin film photovoltaic cells, and novel bio-inspired devices. The dynamically tunable MLAs whose optical properties can be changed in a controllable manner are especially desirable in some recent developments. In this study, a very simple tuning method via mechanical stretching is proposed to tune the optics of elastomeric MLAs. Theoretical mechanics and optics studies are combined to demonstrate the tunability of elastomeric MLAs under both uniaxial and equibiaxial stretching. The results show that extremely large tuning range of the focal length can be achieved using this method. This theoretical study can provide important implications to not only the design of tunable MLAs, but also developments that require controllable optical elements.
Challenges and Future Opportunities in Our Nation's Space Program

For the first time in decades, there is a significant amount of change in our nation's space program. Along with change, there are opportunities, and NASA has begun a set of planning to be prepared for the future, emphasizing innovation and technology development, increased emphasis on collaboration, commercially-provided access to space, and the need for reinvention. This discussion will briefly give an overview of NASA, showcase some of the diverse activities that are part of our nation' fs space program, identify some of the new changes envisioned to NASA's mission, and how our space program can continue to inspire the nation during changing times.
Time-Lapse Cinematography of Mouse Embryo Development from Blastocysts to Early Somite Stage

Mouse embryos develop in culture from the two-cell egg stage to the early somite stage (Hsu et al., 1974) and are morphologically indistinguishable from embryos developed in utero (Hsu, 1971, 1972, 1973; Hsu et al., 1974; Wiley and Pedersen, 1977; Chen and Hsu, 1979; Gonda and Hsu, 1980; Libbus and Hsu, 1980a,b).
The desert generation

Building on lessons from a Biblical story, this paper analyzes and suggests mental frameworks and an innovative perspective for managing contemporary new psychological contracts, by drawing on a case of a nation which was found unfit for a new type of existence, a different life ethos, and philosophy. In that story, a strategic decision was made for that generation, which was to be consumed in the desert. From this story the paper projects onto contemporary career concepts and approaches. The paper acknowledges the difficulties employees face in today's turbulent labor markets. It concludes with offering a variety of options available to executives and a set of strategic approaches of managerial career systems that organizations can apply.
Pattern study of tilted dash mounted PCS band and AMPS band antennas

PCS band and AMPS band antennas were mounted on the dashboard of an automobile. Antenna patterns toward the rear of the vehicle were measured as the antennas were tilted from the horizontal position. Results showed that for the PCS band antenna, the beam pointing angle significantly affected the frequency averaged patterns, while for the AMPS band antenna the frequency averaged patterns were minimally impacted by the antenna tilt.
Look that up in your Funk and Wagnall's: Music reference using alternative sources

Abstract The presenters of a program at the 2002 Music Library Association conference in Las Vegas summarize their presentation on the rich resources some non-music sources can provide for musical research. Also covered were a few frequently overlooked printed tools in a typical music reference collection. Electronic databases highlighted here include online encyclopedias, article indexes such as PsycINFO (for music therapy, musical ability, etc.), ERIC (music education and more), Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (vocal production), EBSCOhost and FirstSearch (which include some music periodicals), and many, many more seemingly unlikely places to look when helping patrons at the reference desk with their music research projects.
HUMAN GATA-3 : A LINEAGE-RESTRICTED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR THAT REGULATES THE EXPRESSION OF THE T CELL RECEPTOR ALPHA GENE

In addition to its role in the recognition of foreign antigens, the T cell receptor (TCR) alpha gene serves as a model system for studies of developmentally-regulated, lineage-specific gene expression in T cells. TCR alpha gene expression is restricted to cells of the TCR alpha/beta+ lineage, and is controlled by a T cell-specific transcriptional enhancer located 4.5 kb 3' to the C alpha gene segment. The TCR alpha enhancer contains four nuclear protein binding sites called T alpha 1-T alpha 4. In this report we describe the identification and characterization of a novel human cDNA, hGATA-3 that binds to the T alpha 3 element of the human TCR alpha enhancer. hGATA-3 contains a zinc finger domain that is highly related to the DNA-binding domain of the erythroid-specific transcription factor, GATA-1, and binds to a region of T alpha 3 that contains a consensus GATA binding site (AGATAG). Northern blot analyses of hematopoietic cell lines demonstrate that hGATA-3 is expressed exclusively in T cells. Overexpression of hGATA-3 in HeLa cells or human B cells specifically activated transcription from a co-transfected reporter plasmid containing two copies of the T alpha 3 binding site located upstream of the minimal SV40 promoter. Taken together these results demonstrate that hGATA-3 is a novel lineage-specific hematopoietic transcription factor that appears to play an important role in regulating the T cell-specific expression of the TCR alpha gene.
Antigen Handling by Guinea Pig Macrophages: Further Evidence for the Sequestration of Antigen Relevant for Activation of Primed T Lymphocytes

Guinea pig macrophages can take up sufficient 2,4 dinitrophenyl guinea pig albumin during a brief in vitro exposure at 37°C to trigger proliferation and lymphokine production with primed T lymphocytes on subsequent co-culture. Treatment of such antigen-bearing macrophages with trypsin, a procedure which removes surface antigen, does not alter the ability of such macrophage to initiate the release of migration inhibition factor from sensitized T lymphocytes. In addition, formation of antigen-specific rosettes between primed T cells and antigen-bearing macrophages is not blocked by high concentrations of antibody directed against the antigen mediating this interaction. Similarly, primed T lymphocyte DNA synthesis induced by antigen-bearing macrophages is not inhibited by specific antibody to that antigen. These data support the conclusion that the fraction of macrophage-associated antigen which is relevant to T lymphocyte activation does not reside on the macrophage surface but rather remains in a restricted compartment from which it is accessible to the T cell but unavailable to either blockade by specific antibody or removal by proteolytic enzymes.
Extracellular glutathione peroxidase in human lung epithelial lining fluid and in lung cells

The epithelial cells of the lower respiratory tract are exposed to high levels of inhaled oxygen and other oxidants. We hypothesized that lung cells would secrete the antioxidant enzyme, extracellular glutathione peroxidase (eGPx), into epithelial lining fluid (ELF). To investigate this hypothesis, we used specific immunoprecipitations of GPx enzymes from ELF, specific immunoprecipitations of 75Se metabolically labeled proteins from lung cells in culture, and in situ hybridization, Northern blot, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses. Fifty-seven percent of ELF GPx activity was due to eGPx and 40% was due to cellular GPx (cGPx). Primary bronchial epithelial cells (BEC), primary alveolar macrophages (AM), and two human bronchial epithelial cell lines, BEP2D and A549, synthesized both eGPx and cGPx and secreted eGPx into the medium. Freshly isolated human AM and BEC expressed eGPx mRNA, while freshly isolated rabbit type 2 pneumocytes did not. In lung tissue, eGPx mRNA was found mainly in interstitial cells of tissue surrounding airways. It is concluded that more than half of GPx activity in BAL is due to eGPx, and that BEC, AM, and interstitial cells are potential sources of pulmonary eGPx.
Estimation for ARMA Models

The determination of an appropriate ARMA(p, q) model to represent an observed stationary time series involves a number of inter-related problems. These include the choice of p and q (order selection), and estimation of the remaining parameters, i.e. the mean, the coefficients {φ i , θ j : i = 1,..., p; j = 1,..., q} and the white noise variance σ 2, for given values of p and q. Goodness of fit of the model must also be checked and the estimation procedure repeated with different values of p and q. Final selection of the most appropriate model depends on a variety of goodness of fit tests, although it can be systematized to a large degree by use of criteria such as the AICC statistic discussed in Chapter 9.
Regulation of Proteolytic Activity in the Hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus.

Abstract Pyrococcus furiosus was shown to grow on casein or peptides as the sole carbon, energy, and nitrogen sources, while maltose could be used as a carbon and energy source only if peptides were present in the medium. A mixture of all 20 single amino acids could not replace the peptide requirement. Specific intracellular proteolytic activity was induced under low casein or tryptone levels and was decreased by the addition of maltose to both peptide-limiting and peptide-rich media in batch and continuous cultures. In a peptide-limited chemostat, activity towards azocasein and MeO-Suc-Arg-Pro-Tyr-p-nitroanilide reached a maximum at a dilution rate of 0.28 h-1, while activity toward l-lysine-p-nitroanilide reached a maximum at 0.50 h-1. Under peptide-limiting conditions, levels of the 66-kDa protease (S66) were enhanced relative to those of other cell proteins. Preliminary evidence suggests that this protease is immunologically related to the eukaryotic multicatalytic proteinase complex (proteosome).
Efficient array-fed reflector antenna

This paper presents a method of maximizing antenna efficiency. The proposed method utilizes a specially configured antenna array as the prime-focus feed. By carefully configuring the array elements (spacing and excitation), the array illuminates only the non-blocked portion of the main reflector. In addition, the array pattern is optimized such that the non-blocked portion of the reflector antenna is quasi-uniformly illuminated. The illumination function from this feed array is similar to the sub-reflector pattern of an axially symmetric shaped reflector configuration, where the sub-reflector is designed to uniformly illuminate the non-blocked portion of the main reflector.
Comparing the health and social protection effects of measles vaccination strategies in Ethiopia: An extended cost-effectiveness analysis

Vaccination coverage rates often mask wide variation in access, uptake, and cost of providing vaccination. Financial incentives have been effective at creating demand for social services in a variety of settings. Using methods of extended cost-effectiveness analysis, we compare the health and economic implications of three different vaccine delivery strategies for measles vaccination in Ethiopia: i) routine immunization, ii) routine immunization with financial incentives, and iii) mass campaigns, known as supplemental immunization activities (SIAs). We examine annual birth cohorts of almost 3,000,000 births over a ten year period, exploring variation in these outcomes based on economic status to understand how various options may improve equity. SIAs naturally achieve higher levels of vaccine coverage, but at higher costs. Routine immunization combined with financial incentives bolsters demand among more economically vulnerable households. The relative appeal of routine immunization with financial incentives and SIAs will depend on the policy environment, including short-term financial limitations, time horizons, and the types of outcomes that are desired. While the impact of financial incentives has been more thoroughly studied in other policy arenas, such as education, consideration of this approach alongside standard vaccination models such as SIAs is timely given the dialog around measles eradication.
Globalizing nursing science: analysis of nursing’s participation in the open access movement from 1993 to 2014

Background : The traditional journal subscription model restricts access to scholarly information since proprietary fee-based databases charge high subscription fees, do not provide access to all journals in the same geographic region, and include minimal access to research journals from other countries. This practice insulates nursing knowledge, causes duplication rather than replication of research, and results in a lack of breadth and depth to our science. Objective : Describe the state of nursing participation in the Open Access (OA) movement. Methods : Using a descriptive, exploratory approach, all nursing journals in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) data warehouse were extracted, tagged, and analyzed. Results : Sixty-two nursing journals from 23 countries have registered as Open Access. Brazil publishes the largest number of OA nursing journals (14), followed by the U.S. (9) and Spain (9). Two countries publish four OA nursing journals (Canada, Iran), while the remaining 18 countries publish one or two OA nursing journals. Fifty percent publish in either Spanish, Portuguese, or Spanish/Portuguese, while another one-third (32%) publish in English. Importantly, 82% of OA Nursing journals do not require article processing charges; of those who do have APCs, the majority (66%) are $300 or less. Conclusions : Although nursing participated early in the OA movement, growth has been consistent but sluggish. Neither the size of the country nor economic status seem to have a strong influence on decisions to produce OA nursing journals. Encouraging participation in OA will advance the science of nursing by allowing broader and more coordinated access to information to the global community.
An O(nlog/sup 3/ n) algorithm for the real root problem

Given a univariate complex polynomial f(x) of degree n with rational coefficients expressed as a ratio of two integers >
Ponatinib‐induced neutrophilic panniculitis

Ponatinib is a bcr-abl tyrosine-kinase inhibitor (TKI) used to treat resistant and refractory chronic myeloid leukemia and Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia that express bcr-abl. Neutrophilic panniculitis has been described in rare cases of patients on other TKIs in the same class as ponatinib. We present the first case of neutrophilic panniculitis following treatment with ponatinib and summarize the other cases of panniculitis caused by TKIs.
Thermo-mechanical model for incremental fracturing in cooling lava flows

Abstract This study presents an idealized quantitative model of stress development and incremental fracturing in cooling lavas. It appears that columnar jointing forms in lavas by a process of incremental fracturing driven by thermal stresses. The fractures progress inward from the cooling surfaces as time increases. The cooling of a horizontal layer of lava has been modeled analytically for three cooling regimes: conductive cooling with liquid magma present, conductive cooling after total solidification, and hydrothermal cooling. Horizontal thermal stresses develop and cause vertical fractures at the upper and lower surfaces of the lava. As the lava cools, layer after layer becomes elastic. Thermal stresses develop in these thin layers, between previously fractured lava (where, it is assumed, stresses have been released), and the hot interior lava where temperatures exceed the elastic temperature limit. Stresses are analyzed by treating each unfractured elastic layer as a slab, restrained in bending, unrestrained from contraction. The stress level at which incremental fracturing occurs, extending previous fractures, and the effect of stress and temperature conditions on fracture penetration, are discussed. Our analysis yields values for the length of incremental fracture as a function of time and material strength for both a thin lava flow cooling conductively (incremental fracture lengths increase with time), and for a thicker lava flow in which hydrothermal convection is important (incremental fracture lengths are constant with time). Our results are compared to observed striae widths measured from the base of basaltic lava columns (striae represent successive incremental fractures). The comparison shows agreement in magnitude and trend after some amount of cooling i.e., striae and incremental fracture lengths increase with time at an accelerating rate.
ENDOGENOUS EPINEPHRINE (E) SECRETION REGULATES SURFACTANT RELEASE

Adrenergic mechanisms are important in the regulation of pulmonary surfactant metabolism. We gave SKF29661, a specific inhibitor of adrenal epinephrine synthesis to 15 pregnant New Zealand White rabbits to study the role of fetal adrenal epinephrine in the regulation of alveolar surfactant (AS) content in the immediate neonatal period. Does were given 0, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/d starting at 20 days gestation. Fetuses were delivered at 31 days by C-section (term:31 days). One-half of each litter was sacrificed immediately and the remainder were allowed to breathe for one hour and then sacrificed. After sacrifice, the adrenals were immediately removed; one was assayed for catecholamine content, and the other for PNMT activity. A thorough alveolar wash was then performed to recover the AS. Total AS phosphatidylcholine (PC) was determined by thin layer chromatography. SKF 29661 caused significant reduction in adrenal E content at each dosage (p<.001); maximal effect was 57% reduction at 100 mg/kg/day. There was a progressive decrease in alveolar PC with increasing dosage of SKF29661 (p<.01). Furthermore, adrenal E in both treated and control animals correlated positively with alveolar PC (r=0.450, p<.001). Conclusions: 1) SKF29661 crosses the placenta and inhibits fetal adrenal E production; 2) reduced fetal adrenal E is associated with decreased alveolar PC. These results suggest that in the neonatal period, endogenous E release plays an important role in the regulation of AS possibly by increasing secretion.