cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Harry L June.

Dr Harry L June, a Member of the College since 2004, succumbed to cancer on 7 June 2014. A native of South Carolina, Dr June received his PhD from Howard University in 1990 under Dr Michael Lewis. Following a postdoctoral fellowship in human psychopharmacology at Johns Hopkins University, Dr June held a dual appointment as assistant professor in the Psychology Department at Indiana University–Purdue University in Indianapolis (IUPUI) and the Medical Neurobiology Program at Indiana University School of Medicine. He was promoted to the rank of associate professor in 1998 and full professor in 2003. Dr June left Indiana in 2005 to join the faculty at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, where he held the rank of professor in both the Department of Psychiatry and the Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. In 2011, he was appointed Director of Substance Abuse Research and Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Howard University College of Medicine. First, as a student with Michael Lewis, and later with colleagues at IUPUI, the University of Maryland, and finally at Howard University, Harry addressed fundamental questions about how GABAA receptor form and function relate to alcohol-driven behaviors. Harry employed a multidisciplinary approach to address these questions. Both Harry's enthusiasm and outgoing personality enabled him to enlist collaborators in disciplines ranging from organic chemistry (James Cook) in order to synthesize GABAA receptor subtype-selective agents to molecular biology (Laura Aurelian) in order to construct amplicons containing siRNAs that could be delivered to specific brain regions. Throughout his career, Harry always had an eye toward translational research, and one of his last studies demonstrated that amitifadine, a triple reuptake inhibitor, reduced binge drinking as well as some of the negative behaviors associated with withdrawal in rats. NIAAA subsequently replicated these data, and amitifadine, currently in development for depression, is slated for an NIAAA-sponsored clinical study in alcoholism. This study would never have gotten off the ground without Harry's vision of finding better agents to treat alcohol use disorders. Given his enthusiasm for science, it is no surprise that Harry was a gifted teacher and a dedicated, patient mentor. Harry was always grateful to NIAAA for supporting his work, and served on multiple NIH study sections during his distinguished career. Harry is survived by his wife, Terri White, and two sons, Leon and James. He will be greatly missed by his family, friends, and an extended scientific family of former students and collaborators.
Evaluating metabolic syndrome in a medical physiology laboratory.

The metabolic syndrome, a cluster of factors linked to obesity that contribute to risk for atherosclerosis and Type 2 diabetes, may affect 20–25% of the adults in the United States. We designed a m...
Periodical arrays of optical nano-antennas (Critical Review Lecture)

Analytical theory and numerical calculations for periodic arrays of metal nanoparticles indicate resonant-like enhancement of local electromagnetic field, which can be tuned by varying a ratio of particle diameter to interparticle spacing. For Raman scattering, local field enhancements on the order of 1013 and surface-averaged field enhancements on the order of 1011 can be achieved udner optimal conditions. This is several orders of magnitude greater tan that obtaiend in disordered metal-dielectric films, and suggests a new design for engineering plasmonic substrates supporting intense and spatially well-defined field patterns, with direct applications for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and surface-enhanced optical nonlinearities.
Planar trapatt diodes

Planar Trapatt diodes in the form of single diodes and multiple diode arrays have been successfully fabricated for the first time with good rf performances. A seven-diode array has produced 500 W pulsed power output at 1.4 GHz with 30% efficiency. Duty cycles of 2% have been achieved. The multiple diodes have a superior thermal characteristic and are more rugged compared with mesa structures with junction edges exposed. Diode chips have been run thermal tests at 500°C for over 300 hours without failure.
Bayesian estimation of the polychoric correlation coefficient

The problem of estimating a polychoric correlation coefficient from a latent bivariate normal distribution is considered from a Bayesian viewpoint. Using the Gibbs sampling algorithm, one can simulate the joint posterior distribution of the correlation coefficient and row and column thresholds and estimate any marginal posterior density of interest. This algorithm is generalized to handle bivariate lognormal and bivariate tlatent distributions. The methods are illustrated for two examples.
Self‐sustained entropy‐driven flow in nano‐confined polymer melts

We present a Monte Carlo simulation study of the Brownian motion of polymer chains in a melt confined in a periodically asymmetric channel of nanometric dimensions. We assume no friction between the chains and the channel. A detailed analysis of the conformations of the chains reveals the presence of a favorable entropy gradient along the easy flow direction. For high molecular weight chains, this gradient is seen to drive a self-sustained polymer flow with Peclet numbers as high as 0.9, which makes our observation experimentally accessible. Much weaker efficiences are observed at low molecular weights. We show that the unexpected directed Brownian motion of polymers in confined geometries is of significant importance in the design and stabilization of platelet nanocomposites which typically age over time under quiescent conditions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 869–875
Poster Project to Emphasize Public Health in the Pharmacy Curriculum

Objective. To implement and assess a required public health poster project in a doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) program.Design. Third-year PharmD students collaborated in pairs to research a public health topic relating to pharmacy practice. Each student group prepared an informational poster, while receiving feedback from a faculty mentor at each stage of the project. The students presented their completed posters at a statewide pharmacy conference.Assessment. Faculty members evaluated the posters with a grading rubric, and students completed a survey instrument that assessed the overall experience. In general, faculty members rated the class highly across all domains of the grading rubric. The class generally agreed that the poster project increased their awareness of public health issues related to pharmacy practice, overall knowledge of public health, and presentation skills.Conclusion. The implementation of a poster project was well received by students and faculty members as an effective method for enha...
SU-FF-T-328: Dosimetry of (< 3 Cm Diameter) 6 MeV Circular Field Electron Beams for a Varian 21EX Linac

Purpose: Small (≥ 3 cm diameter-φ) 6 MeV electron beam circular fields present complex dosimetry. This work provides absorbed dose rates in water at dmax, percentage depth doses (PDD), profile coverages, penumbra widths, uniformity and homogeneity indices for these fields for clinical treatments. Method and Materials: Circular (2 cm to 3 cm in 0.2 cm diameter increment) cerrobend cutouts were mounted in 6-cm × 6-cm cone. Central-axis depth-ionizations were measured with NACP parallel-plate ionization chamber in a solid water phantom. PDD were obtained using the TG-51 protocol. Cross-beam profiles at dmax of each cutout were measured with XV film in solid water phantom. Absorbed dose rates in water were determined as the ratio of maximum central-axis absorbed doses for each cutout, corrected for TG-51 parameters, to that of the 10-cm × 10-cm reference field. Results: As cutout φ decreases, the build-up portions of the PDD curves shift toward the phantom surface, and the dmax decrease from 1.2 cm to 0.6 cm. The dose gradient, Go, an ICRU 35 measure of the steepness of the descending portion of the PDD, decreases from 2 to 1.5, but the practical ranges, Rp, remain constant. The absorbed dose rate decreases linearly with decreasing φ, but surface absorbed dose remains constant. 90% profile coverages (= width of 90% over cutout φ at dmax, 55%, and 80% coverages, 72%; homogeneity coefficients, 0.70, and the uniformity indices, 0.53 remain reasonably constant. The 80–20% penumbra to diameter ratios increase from 0.52 to 0.62 as diameter decreases. Conclusion: These data for ≤ 3 cm diameter circular fields facilitate routine clinical treatments. The absorbed dose rates and other data for small cutouts can be quickly obtained for patient treatments rather than performing measurements for individual patients.
The military balance in the Taiwan Strait

(1981). The military balance in the Taiwan Strait. Journal of Strategic Studies: Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 306-317.
FUNCTIONAL RELATIONS OF THE HYPOPHYSIS AND THE BRAIN

The pituitary body and the brain long have been considered as possessing associated functions. In earlier times the gland was described as having an action similar to that of a bilge pump, collecting the excrementous slime formed by the brain and passing it on to the nostrils. Most of us can remember when nearly all of the internally-secreting glands were described on the basis of their topographical relation to some entirely different organ or system. In a certain text-book of histology still occasionally used by medical students the pituitary body is described in the chapter on the brain, the thyroid gland is treated with the respiratory system, and the suprarenals with the genito-urinary organs. Although the development of endocrinology has caused these glands to be placed in an independent category, reasons still remain for considering the pituitary body and the brain together. In fact, it recently has become common to speak of the posterior pituitary and the adjacent region of the hypothalamus as con...
Measurements of spin-orbit perturbation in atomic rubidium through photoelectron angular distributions.

We discuss measurements of the angular distributions of photoelectrons produced by photoionizing ground-state rubidium with light of wavelengths between 266 and 285.3 nm. The spin-oribit perturbation in this heavy element affects the ratio of the oscillator strength for excitation to the ${\mathit{P}}_{3/2}$ state to that for excitation to the ${\mathit{P}}_{1/2}$ state. For our measurements the electron energy approaches that of the Cooper minimum in the photoionization spectrum, the effect of which is to reduce the asymmetry parameter from the nonrelativistic value of 2. At the shortest wavelength for which we have measured these distributions, the cross section for ionization to the \ensuremath{\epsilon}${\mathit{P}}_{1/2}$ state has nearly vanished.
Foliar and tuber late blight resistance in a Solanum tuberosum breeding population

The purpose of this research was to identify the genetic basis of foliar and tuber resistance to Phytophthora infestans in a potato breeding population developed from a cross between two tetraploid Solanum tuberosum lines, NY121 and NY115. The parent with high foliar resistance, NY121, was highly susceptible to tuber blight. Foliar resistance was assessed in field trials, while tuber blight was assessed both in the field and in the laboratory. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) explaining ca. 50% of the phenotypic variance for foliar resistance was located on the lower arm of linkage group V, and was loosely associated with tuber blight resistance (significantly in one of two trials). This QTL was confirmed in a separate sample from the same population. Tuber blight detected via laboratory assays was not correlated with tuber blight incidence in the field. Most markers associated with tuber blight resistance were not associated with foliar resistance and most markers associated with foliar resistance were not associated with tuber blight resistance.
Transracial adoption Expatriate parents living in China with their adopted Chinese children

EnglishQualitative research investigated expatriate families living in China with adopted Chinese children and the manner in which living in China influenced the adoptees' acquisition of their cult...
Measuring causal perception: Connections to representational momentum?

In a collision between two objects, we can perceive not only low-level properties, such as color and motion, but also the seemingly high-level property of causality. It has proven difficult, however, to measure causal perception in a quantitatively rigorous way which goes beyond perceptual reports. Here we focus on the possibility of measuring perceived causality using the phenomenon of representational momentum (RM). Recent studies suggest a relationship between causal perception and RM, based on the fact that RM appears to be attenuated for causally 'launched' objects. This is explained by appeal to the visual expectation that a 'launched' object is inert and thus should eventually cease its movement after a collision, without a source of self-propulsion. We first replicated these demonstrations, and then evaluated this alleged connection by exploring RM for different types of displays, including the contrast between causal launching and non-causal 'passing'. These experiments suggest that the RM-attenuation effect is not a pure measure of causal perception, but rather may reflect lower-level spatiotemporal correlates of only some causal displays. We conclude by discussing the strengths and pitfalls of various methods of measuring causal perception.
Normotensive and hypotensive closed-loop resuscitation using 3.0% NaCl to treat multiple hemorrhages in sheep

Objective NaCl solutions (7.5%) have been reported to be effective for resuscitation in animals and trauma patients, but these solutions are not approved for use in the United States. We hypothesized that infusion of Food and Drug Administration-approved 3% NaCl provides superior cardiovascular and metabolic function while reducing the overall fluid requirement for resuscitation of hemorrhage. Our objective was to compare four groups, hypotensive and normotensive resuscitation of hemorrhage using 3% NaCl (HS) or lactated Ringer's (LR). Design Sheep were hemorrhaged in three separate bleeds, 25 mL/kg at T0 mins and 5 mL/kg at both T50 and T70 mins. Setting University laboratory. Subjects Instrumented conscious sheep. Interventions Resuscitation was started at T30 mins and continued until T180. Normotensive and hypotensive resuscitation to mean arterial pressures of 90 mm Hg and 65 mm Hg, respectively, was performed with LR or HS using a closed-loop resuscitation system. Measurements and main results All four groups were successfully resuscitated to near target levels. Two animals in the hypotensive treatment protocols died during the second and third bleeding, one with the LR65 group and one with the HS65 group. Mean infused volumes were 59.9 +/- 7.0 and 18.0 +/- 5.9 in the LR90 and LR65 groups, respectively, and were 19.6 +/- 2.2 mL/kg and 13.3 +/- 5.7 mL/kg in the HS90 and HS65 treatments (p 10 mmol) with both of the hypotensive treatments and also with the HS90 treatment, while not one of the 11 LR90 treatment animals had lactate levels >8 mmol. Conclusions Volume sparing was apparent with HS, but no hemodynamic or metabolic advantage was apparent when used for either normotensive or hypotensive resuscitation. Trends toward lower base excess values and higher occurrences of deaths only in the hypotensive treatment protocols suggest that resuscitation to a target mean arterial pressure of 65 mm Hg may be too low.
Role of Nitric Oxide in Modulating the Vasoconstrictor Actions of Angiotensin II in Preglomerular and Postglomerular Vessels in Dogs

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of nitric oxide in modulating the vasoconstrictor effect of angiotensin II (Ang II) on renal segmental resistances in the dog. To achieve this objective we examined the effect of intrarenal infusions of Ang II on preglomerular and postglomerular resistances in the presence and absence of intrarenal nitric oxide synthesis inhibition established by an intrarenal infusion of NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester at 5 micrograms/kg per minute in dogs. The whole-kidney stop-flow technique was used. Renal artery pressure was servo-controlled at 78 +/- 2 mm Hg throughout the study. Intrarenal infusion of Ang II alone at 0.5 and 2.0 ng/kg per minute increased renal vascular resistance (delta 0.064 +/- 0.011 and delta 0.171 +/- 0.030 mm Hg/mL per minute, respectively) and decreased renal blood flow (delta 21 +/- 4 and delta 45 +/- 9 mL/min). Associated with these changes, glomerular hydrostatic pressure and preglomerular resistance increased slightly (delta 1.1 +/- 0.9 and delta 1.6 +/- 1.8 mm Hg; delta 0.008 +/- 0.005 and delta 0.030 +/- 0.010 mm Hg/mL per minute, respectively), and postglomerular resistance increased markedly (delta 0.046 +/- 0.011 and delta 0.116 +/- 0.026 mm Hg/mL per minute). When dogs were pretreated with an intrarenal infusion of the nitric oxide synthesis blocker, Ang II at 0.5 and 2.0 ng/kg per minute increased renal vascular resistance (delta 0.271 +/- 0.058 and delta 1.088 +/- 0.242 mm Hg/mL per minute) and decreased renal blood flow (delta 28 +/- 5 and delta 62 +/- 9 mL/min).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
THE NURSE PRACTITIONER PROJECT, WILCANNIA: MOVING FROM ANECDOTES TO EVIDENCE

: There has been much discussion and debate in the Western world, regarding the idea that some nurses, who are practising in certain contexts, should be recognised as nurse practitioners. The nursing profession and the New South Wales Department of Health have officially been involved in the debate since 1990. They have undertaken a two stage process in ascertaining the current status of the nurse practitioner in New South Wales and Australia. A recommendation from the 2nd Stage of the process was that a number of pilot projects be funded by the Department to look at the role of the nurse practitioner in New South Wales in three contexts: Area/District Health Services, General Practice Services and Remote Area Services. The implementation of these projects constitutes Stage 3 of the Project and is being jointly funded by the New South Wales and Commonwealth Health Departments. This paper describes one of these projects that has been operational since 1 September 1994. The Nurse Practitioner Pilot Project, Wilcannia will be continuing for 12 months. This paper outlines the steps taken to analyse the work undertaken by nurses working in one of New South Wales' remote hospital emergency locations. The expected outcomes will be acknowledgment, recognition, and appropriate policy and legislative change that will validate the role of nurse practitioners working in rural/remote Australia.
Acoustically Driven Device for Introducing Solid Samples into an Inductively Coupled Plasma

A device is described that couples acoustic energy into powdered solid samples to facilitate their transport into an inductively coupled plasma. The system, entitled a sonic suspension device, is inexpensive and simple to build. In an experiment to illustrate its performance, calcium carbonate in a graphite matrix was introduced into an ICP; it offered moderate precision (relative standard deviation of 5% without the use of an internal standard) and acceptable sample-introduction efficiency.
Enzymatically Synthesized Conducting Polyaniline

A novel strategy for the enzymatic synthesis of a water-soluble, conducting polyaniline (PANI)/sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) complex is presented. The enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is used to polymerize aniline in the presence of a polyanionic template, sulfonated polystyrene. The synthesis is simple, and the conditions are mild in that the polymerization may be carried out in a 4.3 pH buffered aqueous solution, with a stoichiometric amount of hydrogen peroxide and a catalytic amount of enzyme. UV−visible absorption, FTIR, GPC, elemental analysis, and conductivity measurements all confirm that the electroactive form of PANI, similar to that which is traditionally chemically synthesized, is formed and complexed to the SPS. The reversible redox activity of the polyaniline displays a unique hysteresis loop with pH change. Cyclic voltammetry studies show only one set of redox peaks over the potential range of −0.2 to 1.2V, which suggests that the PANI/SPS complex is oxidatively more stable. The conductiv...
Fourier-transform optical microsystems

The design, fabrication, and initial characterization of a miniature single-pass Fourier-transform spectrometer (FTS) that has an optical bench that measures 1 cm x 5 cm x 10 cm is presented. The FTS is predicated on the classic Michelson interferometer design with a moving mirror. Precision translation of the mirror is accomplished by microfabrication of dovetailed bearing surfaces along single-crystal planes in silicon. Although it is miniaturized, the FTS maintains a relatively high spectral resolution, 0.1 cm-1, with adequate optical throughput.
Behavioral responsivity during recovery sleep.

Abstract Previous research has shown that REM-deprived subjects are more likely than non-REM-deprived subjects to perform an operant response during subsequent REM sleep when punishment (full awakening) for failure to respond was used. The present study used the same punishment procedure while attempting to extend these findings to other sleep stages. Response latencies were compared for six subjects under each of two conditions; Normal sleep occurring from 2300 to 0700 and recovery sleep occurring from 0700 to 1300 after 24 hr of continuous wakefulness. Alpha activity, EMG increases, stage shifts, and body movements were assessed to determine the amount of arousal associated with behavioral responding under both conditions. In general, response latencies lengthened during recovery sleep indicating a diminished ability to respond while no differences in arousal were evident.
Simultaneous Measurement of Free Thyroxine and Free 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine in Undiluted Serum by Direct Equilibrium Dialysis/Radioimmunoassay: Evidence that Free Triiodothyronine and Free Thyroxine are Normal in Many Patients with the Low Triiodothyronine Syndrome

We have devised a practical, sensitive and specific method for simultaneous measurement of free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) in undiluted serum by direct equilibrium dialysis rad...
Information content of the born series

Abstract It is a commonplace observation that if one tries to extrapolate a function to points far away from the region where the function is known, the results may be very sensitive to slight changes in the known values. A numerical example is used to show how very serious this problem may become when one attempts to extrapolate the Born series for scattering by strong potentials.
Spectroscopic studies of cutaneous photosensitizing agents--X. A spin-trapping and direct electron spin resonance study of the photochemical pathways of daunomycin and adriamycin.

— Irradiation of daunomycin (or adriamycin) and the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-l-pyrroline-1-oxide (DMPO) at 490 nm in the presence or in the absence of air generated the hydroxyl radical adduct (DMPO-OH). The observed DMPO-OH signal was not affected by the addition of hydroxyl radical scavengers (ethanol, formate), suggesting that direct trapping of the hydroxyl radical was not involved. The DMPO-OH signal was insensitive to superoxide dismutase and catalase, which ruled out the possibility of superoxide or H2O2 involvement. These findings demonstrate that daunomycin (or adriamycin) does not generate hydroxyl radicals or superoxide radical anions when subjected to 490-nm excitation. However, when daunomycin (or adriamycin) was irradiated at 310 nm DMPO adducts derived from two carbon-centered radicals, superoxide and the hydroxyl radical were detected. The superoxide adduct of DMPO was abolished by the addition of SOD, providing unequivocal evidence for the generation of the superoxide anion radical. The daunomycin semiquinone radical, observed upon 310-nm irradiation of daunomycin in the absence of DMPO, appears to be the precursor of the superoxide radical anion. One of the carbon-centered radicals trapped by DMPO exhibited a unique set of hyperfine parameters and was identified as an acyl radical. This suggests that the known photochemical deacylation of daunomycin occurs via a homolytic cleavage mechanism. The free radicals generated photolytically from adriamycin and daunomycin may be involved in the etiology of the skin ulceration and inflammation caused by these drugs. A knowledge of the dependence of these photogenerated radicals on the wavelength of excitation may be important in the development of adriamycin and daunomycin for photodynamic therapy.
A Structural Equation Modeling Approach to the Study of Stress and Psychological Adjustment in Emerging Adults.

Today’s society puts constant demands on the time and resources of all individuals, with the resulting stress promoting a decline in psychological adjustment. Emerging adults are not exempt from this experience, with an alarming number reporting excessive levels of stress and stress-related problems. As a result, the present study addresses the need for a comprehensive model of emerging adult adjustment in the context of stress and coping variables and highlights the importance of accounting for differences between males and females in research concerning stress, social support, coping, and adjustment. Participants for this study are 239 college students (122 males and 117 females), the majority of whom are Caucasian. Results of structural equation modeling suggest that stress, social support, coping, and adjustment show unique patterns of relationships for males versus females. For both males and females, stress and social support show similar relationships to adjustment. In contrast, social support is related only to coping behaviors in females. Finally, social support appears to be a more important variable for female adjustment, whereas other coping behaviors appear to be more pertinent to male adjustment. Limitations and suggestions for future research will be discussed.
Surgical ventricular reconstruction in mice: Elucidating potential targets for combined molecular/surgical intervention

Objectives We hypothesize that persistent alterations in molecular signaling may drive recurrent pathologic remodeling even after the reduction of mechanical stress achieved via surgical ventricular reconstruction. We developed a murine model of surgical ventricular reconstruction that would facilitate molecular analysis of the postreconstruction myocardium and allow future exploitation of genetic models. Methods C57/B6 mice underwent coronary artery ligation. For surgical ventricular reconstruction at 4 weeks after myocardial infarction, a purse-string suture (7–0 polypropylene) achieved at least partial exclusion of the apical aneurysm. Serial echocardiography was correlated to measurements of apoptosis and to Western blot analysis of key signaling cascades. Results An immediate 21.7% ± 2.6% improvement in fractional shortening was seen in the remaining myocardium after surgical ventricular reconstruction. Reduction in left ventricular volume and improved function persisted at 1 week, but recurrent dilatation at 4 weeks (left ventricular end-diastolic volume of 63.5 ± 2.5 vs 42.1 ± 5.4 μL immediately after reconstruction; P P Conclusion This murine model recapitulates both the immediate benefits of surgical ventricular reconstruction and the longer-term recurrence of dilated cardiomyopathy seen previously in some animal models and human studies. Early analysis has begun to implicate persistent signaling changes in the postinfarction myocardium that may be responsible for recurrent dilatation after surgical ventricular reconstruction and that may become targets for combined surgical and molecular interventions.
Assignment of the Nε2H and Nδ1H Resonances at the Active-Center Histidine in Chymotrypsin and Subtilisin Complexed to Peptideboronic Acids without Specific 15N Labeling1

A combination of 1H and 15N nuclear magnetic resonance experiments have been carried out to assign the two high-frequency 1H resonances that result from the complexation of subtilisin E and MeoSuc-Ala-Ala-Pro-boroPhe, a potent peptideboronic acid inhibitor of both subtilisins from a variety of sources and chymotrypsin. First, it was demonstrated unequivocally using two auxotrophs of Bacillus subtilis that the proton resonances at 16 and 17 ppm pertain to a histidine residue. Next it was shown by both 1D and 2D methods that the two proton resonances pertain to the same histidine. Finally, in the subtilisin E-peptideboronate complex, all of the imidazole proton and nitrogen resonances pertinent to this His64 were assigned as follows: Ne2 at 183 and Nδ1 at 189 ppm; Ne2H at 16 and Nδ1H at 17.4 ppm; Ce1H at 9.20 and Cδ2H at 7.09 ppm. Using the 1D NOE method demonstrated on the subtilisin−peptideboronate complex, the resonances due to complexation were also assigned in the chymotrypsin−peptideboronate complex....
Study of Friction Factor and Equivalent Diameter Correlations for Annular Flow of Non-Newtonian Drilling Fluids

Etude de l'adequation entre les donnees de perte de charge publiees dans la litterature et les donnees calculees a partir du modele de Bingham et du modele rheologique en loi puissance. Les auteurs testent toutes les combinaisons entre les relations de calcul des coefficients de frottement et de diametre equivalent afin d'ameliorer la justesse des modeles testes. Toutes les donnees experimentales utilisees correspondent a un regime d'ecoulement turbulent
QoS-aware fair rate allocation in wireless mesh networks

In wireless mesh networks, quality-of-service (QoS) support and fair rate allocation are usually considered separately. Fair rate allocation frameworks proposed in previous work focus on elastic flows that do not have explicit service quality requirements. Such frameworks may not be applied directly within mesh networks containing real-time flows that have explicit rate and delay requirements. QoS support frameworks for wireless networks guarantee service quality of real-time flows by reserving bandwidth for them. However, the major drawbacks of existing approaches are the inefficiency and the lack of fairness consideration in bandwidth allocation, which results in poor performance of elastic flows. In this paper, we propose QUOTA (quality-of-service aware fair rate allocation), a framework that combines QoS support and fair rate allocation. QUOTA provides higher priority to real-time flows than elastic flows by reserving the necessary bandwidth for the former and fairly allocating the left-over bandwidth to the latter. The performance of QUOTA is evaluated through simulations and is compared with other QoS support and rate allocation frameworks.
Capacity of Data Collection in Arbitrary Wireless Sensor Networks

How to efficiently collect sensing data from all sensor nodes is critical to the performance of wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we aim to understand the theoretical limitations of data collection in terms of possible and achievable maximum capacity. Previously, the study of data collection capacity has only concentrated on large-scale random networks. However, in most of practical sensor applications, the sensor network is not deployed uniformly and the number of sensors may not be as huge as in theory. Therefore, it is necessary to study the capacity of data collection in an arbitrary network. In this paper, we derive the upper and constructive lower bounds for data collection capacity in arbitrary networks. The proposed data collection method can lead to order-optimal performance for any arbitrary sensor networks. We also examine the design of data collection under a general graph model and discuss performance implications.
Origins of Internet routing instability

This paper examines the network routing messages exchanged between core Internet backbone routers. Internet routing instability, or the rapid fluctuation of network reachability information, is an important problem currently facing the Internet engineering community. High levels of network instability can lead to packet loss, increased network latency and time to convergence. At the extreme, high levels of routing instability have led to the loss of internal connectivity in wide-area, national networks. In an earlier study of inter-domain routing, we described widespread, significant pathological behaviour in the routing information exchanged between backbone service providers at the major US public Internet exchange points. These pathologies included several orders of magnitude more routing updates in the Internet core than anticipated, large numbers of duplicate routing messages, and unexpected frequency components between routing instability events. The work described in this paper extends our earlier analysis by identifying the origins of several of these observed pathological Internet routing behaviour. We show that as a result of specific router vendor software changes suggested by our earlier analysis, the volume of Internet routing updates has decreased by an order of magnitude. We also describe additional router software changes that can decrease the volume of routing updates exchanged in the Internet core by an additional 30 percent or more. We conclude with a discussion of trends in the evolution of Internet architecture and policy that may lead to a rise in Internet routing instability.
Stable isotope analysis reveals food web structure and watershed impacts along the fluvial gradient of a Mesoamerican coastal river

Ecosystem processes and biological community structure are expected to change in a relatively predictable manner along fluvial gradients within river basins. Such predictions are heavily based on temperate rivers, and food web variation along fluvial gradients in Mesoamerican rivers has received limited attention. In this study, we analyzed carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of basal carbon sources and dominant consumer species to examine aquatic food web structure along the fluvial gradient of the Monkey River Basin, Belize. Similar to previous studies in other regions, consumer species richness and functional diversity increased along the downstream fluvial gradient, due in part to the addition of estuarine species in lower reaches and increasing diversity of piscivorous species along the gradient. Aquatic food webs in upstream reaches were primarily supported by allochthonous production sources, and in-stream sources increased in importance along the downstream gradient. Our study system traversing the Maya Mountain Marine Area Transect also provided a unique opportunity to test the utility of primary consumer d 15 N as an indicator of watershed impacts within a tropical basin with a diverse biota and a different type of agricultural impact than typically studied (i.e. banana plantations vs. tilled row cropping). As expected, primary consumer d 15 N at sites draining impacted watersheds was enriched compared to values from forested reference sites. Assessment of primary consumer d 15 N may be a feasible option for monitoring watershed impacts on aquatic food webs in service of the ridge-to-reef conservation strategy adopted for this watershed as well as in other tropical river basins. Copyright # 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Repair of pelvic organ prolapse: what is the goal?

The objective of this review is to discuss the main goals of pelvic organ prolapse repair. Pelvic organ prolapse symptoms are variable, and prolapse degree does not necessarily correlate with perceived symptoms or other associated conditions including urinary, defecatory, and sexual dysfunction. Treatment for pelvic organ prolapse is based upon symptom bother and patient expectations. There are various surgical approaches to treat pelvic organ prolapse; however, there is no standardized definition of cure or success. Physician goals of pelvic surgery to correct prolapse include restoration of anatomy, resolution of patient symptoms, avoidance of complications and attainment of patient goals. However, patient’s expectations may differ, and discussing preoperative goals and setting realistic expectations prior to treatment may guide surgical therapy and improve patient satisfaction.
Comparison of the Alcohol Dependence Scale and Diagnostic Interview Schedule in Homeless Women

The Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS) is a 25 item self-report instrument designed to evaluate the degree of severity of alcohol dependence. Although previous studies have reported on the validity of the ADS, no studies using the ADS have been done on the homeless population, a special and rapidly growing population. To assess the utility of the ADS in a population of homeless, substance-abusing women, the ADS questionnaire was compared with the DSM-III-R alcohol use disorder diagnosis as measured by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). Both the ADS and the DIS were administered to 149 homeless, substance-abusing women by trained, lay interviewers. There was good agreement between the ADS and the past-year DIS diagnosis of alcohol use disorder. The level of agreement between the ADS and DIS, as well as sensitivity and specificity, for various ADS cutoff scores are reported to facilitate selection of cutoff scores by clinicians and future researchers.
Marital ideals of the newly-married: A longitudinal analysis

Although marital ideals influence a couple's behavior, the specific content of marital ideals for engaged and newly-married couples remains largely uninvestigated. This longitudinal study investigated couples' marital ideals over the first year of marriage. Thirty-eight engaged couples completed a standardized measure of relationship intimacy ideals using Personal Assessment of Intimacy in Relationships (PAIR; Schaefer & Olson, 1981) in addition to free writing essays to open-ended questions regarding partner, relationship, and conflict ideals. Eleven couples also completed follow-up assessments at six months and one year of marriage. Results indicated that marital ideals are qualitatively different than those for dating relationships. Marital ideals were primarily intimate and traditional, but not romanticized. Conflict ideals were primarily practical rather than romantic, and became more practical over time.
B-type Natriuretic Peptides for the Prediction of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Stable Coronary Heart Disease: The Heart and Soul Study

Background Brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and the amino-terminal fragment of its prohormone (NT-proBNP) are known predictors of cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease; however, the relative prognostic value of these 2 biomarkers for secondary events remains unclear. Methods and Results In 983 participants with stable coronary heart disease, we evaluated the association of BNP and NT-proBNP with time to hospitalization for heart failure, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke or transient ischemic attack, cardiovascular death, and combined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). During an average follow-up of 6.5±3.3 years, both BNP and NT-proBNP were associated with increased risk of MACE in a multivariable-adjusted model (hazard ratio per standard deviation of log BNP: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.32 to 1.89; hazard ratio per standard deviation of log NT-proBNP: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.52 to 2.24). When added to traditional risk factors, NT-proBNP predicted MACE better than BNP (C statistic: 0.76 versus 0.72, P <0.001). Similarly, the addition of NT-proBNP resulted in a greater net reclassification improvement for predicting MACE than the addition of BNP (65% for NT-proBNP, 56% for BNP). Conclusions Both BNP and NT-proBNP were significant predictors of MACE in stable coronary heart disease; however, NT-proBNP was superior to BNP for net risk reclassification for MACE.
Inexpensive position sensitive detector block for dedicated PET cameras using 40-mm diameter PMT in quadrant sharing configuration

Recent approvals by CMS (HCFA) for reimbursement of positron emission tomography (PET) scans fuels the rapid grow of the PET market, thus creating the need for more affordable dedicated PET scanners. The objective of the work presented here was the development of a BGO position-sensitive block with similar detector area (40 mm /spl times/ 40 mm) and same number of crystals (8 /spl times/ 8) as the block of a commercial BGO PET, using the less expensive photomultiplier quadrant sharing (PQS) technique. This block is coupled to four single-anode 40-mm diameter photomultipliers (PMT) instead of the 19-mm PMT used in a popular commercial BGO PET, and each PMT is shared by four adjacent detector blocks. Potentially, this design needs only 25% of the number of PMT used in the commercial BGO PET. In order not to waste the unused half-row of PMT at the edges of a detector panel/module when the module is made up solely of square blocks, an extended rectangular block has to be developed for the edge-blocks in the module, which maximized the use of the PMT and minimized the gap between modules. Only the extended block needs to be developed to derive the design for all the blocks in the module because the symmetric square block uses the same light-distributing partitions as those along the short side of the extended rectangular block. White-paint masks applied with accurate templates and airbrush were fine-tuned for every pair of adjacent crystals. The experimental block developed in this study provided good crystal-decoding. The composite energy spectrum of all 64 crystals showed a prominent photopeak. The worst crystal sitting in the air space between 4 round PMTs still has 60% of the signal pulse height as the best crystal. The average energy resolution was 21.8% for 511 keV gamma (range 17% - 28.7%) that compared well with the 22% - 44% measured with GE and CTI blocks. The image resolution provided by the PQS blocks is expected to be comparable to that of commercial BGO PETs as similar size crystals were decoded.
Remedies for Discrimination in Apprenticeship Programs

Excerpt] Efforts by Negroes to gain admission to apprenticeship programs in the building, machinist, and printing crafts have received widespread attention. Street demonstrations, picketing, entrance blocking, "sleepins" in union halls, and several violent clashes with police have catapulted the topic into the headlines. Accordingly, the issue has joined the grievances which serve as rallying cries for civil rights spokesmen in every section of the country. In response both to the public furor and to the notable absence of Negro workers in these trades, public authorities have adopted a variety of remedial measures. The main objective of this article is to review the effectiveness of these remedies and to suggest others which are likely to be more successful in solving this important domestic problem.
Realistic scalability of noise in dynamic circuits

The usage of noise-sensitive dynamic circuits has become commonplace due to speed and area requirements, making the noise issue even more prominent. This paper focuses on the trends of coupling and its effects on dynamic circuits. It presents closed form analytical solutions for noise, as well as noise tolerance metrics for dynamic circuits. These solutions are within 5% of dynamic simulations. It is shown that not all scaling trends are negative for noise, and that the scaling down of supply voltage and increasing frequency, help improve certain aspects of the noise immunity of dynamic circuits. Most of the works treated the noise immunity and the noise content separately. This paper introduces an analysis of noise scalability by looking at the noise immunity and the noise content simultaneously
Allele-Specific Transcriptional Activity at Type 2 Diabetes-Associated Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Regions of Pancreatic Islet Open Chromatin at the JAZF1 Locus

Translation of noncoding common variant association signals into meaningful molecular and biological mechanisms explaining disease susceptibility remains challenging. For the type 2 diabetes association signal in JAZF1 intron 1, we hypothesized that the underlying risk variants have cis-regulatory effects in islets or other type 2 diabetes–relevant cell types. We used maps of experimentally predicted open chromatin regions to prioritize variants for functional follow-up studies of transcriptional activity. Twelve regions containing type 2 diabetes–associated variants were tested for enhancer activity in 832/13 and MIN6 insulinoma cells. Three regions exhibited enhancer activity and only rs1635852 displayed allelic differences in enhancer activity; the type 2 diabetes risk allele T showed lower transcriptional activity than the nonrisk allele C. This risk allele showed increased binding to protein complexes, suggesting that it functions as part of a transcriptional repressor complex. We applied DNA affinity capture to identify factors in the complex and determined that the risk allele preferentially binds the pancreatic master regulator PDX1. These data suggest that the rs1635852 region in JAZF1 intron 1 is part of a cis-regulatory complex and that maps of open chromatin are useful to guide identification of variants with allelic differences in regulatory activity at type 2 diabetes loci.
Radiation from a strip grating in the relativistic regime

Summary form only given. The equation for the angular distribution of the emission spectrum generated by a single electron moving above the surface of a strip grating is given. The predictive power of the equation has been examined in the course of two recent experiments carried out with moderately relativistic electron beams. An experiment with a 50 MeV beam is in the development stage and progress on this experiment is summarized. The partial coherence of the spontaneous emission, which results when the beam micropulse length falls in the picosecond domain, is discussed. The relation between the equation and the stimulated emission rate is also summarized.
Practical Quantum Secure Communication Using Multi-photon Tolerant Protocols

This paper presents an investigation of practical quantum secure communication using multi-photon tolerant protocols. Multi-photon tolerant protocols loosen the limit on the number of photons imposed by currently used quantum key distribution protocols. The multi-photon tolerant protocols investigated in this paper are multi-stage protocols that do not require any prior agreement between a sender Alice and a receiver Bob. The security of such protocols stems from the fact that the optimal detection strategies between the legitimate users and the eavesdropper are asymmetrical, allowing Bob to obtain measurement results deterministically while imposing unavoidable quantum noise to the eavesdropper Eve's measurement. Multi-photon tolerant protocols are based on the use of transformations known only to the communicating party applying them i.e. either Alice or Bob. In this paper multi-photon tolerant protocols are used in order to share a key or a message between a sender Alice and a receiver Bob. Thus such p...
The Role of Cloud Radiative Heating in Determining the Location of the ITCZ in Aquaplanet Simulations

AbstractThe relationship between the tropical circulation and cloud radiative effect is investigated. Output from the Clouds On–Off Klimate Intercomparison Experiment (COOKIE) is used to examine the impact of cloud radiative effects on circulation and climate. In aquaplanet simulations with a fixed SST pattern, the cloud radiative effect leads to an equatorward contraction of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and a reduction of the double ITCZ problem. It is shown that the cloud radiative heating in the upper troposphere increases the temperature, weakens CAPE, and inhibits the onset of convection until it is closer to the equator, where SSTs are higher. Precipitation peaks at higher values in a narrower band when the cloud radiative effects are active, compared to when they are inactive, owing to the enhancement in moisture convergence. Additionally, cloud–radiation interactions strengthen the mean meridional circulation and consequently enhance the moisture convergence. Although the mean tropica...