cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conducting research and collaborating with researchers: The experience of clinicians in a residential treatment center

This paper describes the experience of clinicians in conducting research and collaborating with academic researchers. As part of clinical routine of a residential program for adolescent substance abusers, empirical data have been collected to assess client's needs before and after treatment, improve clinical practice, and identify barriers to change. Some of the challenges faced and the benefits learned in conducting these studies are presented. In addition to highlighting the convergence of research interests between clinicians and academicians, the conclusion offers general recommendations to foster these partnerships and solidify the scientific-practitioner model.
Gray matter correlates of Trait and Ability models of emotional intelligence

Research suggests that emotional intelligence capacities may be related to the functional integrity of the corticolimbic regions including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, insula, and amygdala. No study has yet examined regional brain volumes in relation to the two dominant models of emotional intelligence: the Ability model, which posits a set of specific demonstrable capabilities for solving emotional problems, and the Trait model, which proposes a set of stable emotional competencies that can be assessed through subjectively rated self-report scales. In 36 healthy participants, we correlated scores on the Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (an Ability measure) and the Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory (a Trait measure) with regional brain volumes using voxel-based morphometry. Total Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test scores were positively correlated with the left insula grey matter volume. The Strategic emotional intelligence subscale correlated positively with the left ventromedial prefrontal cortex and insular volume. In contrast, for the Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory, Stress Management scores correlated positively with the bilateral ventromedial prefrontal cortex volume. Amygdala volumes were unrelated to emotional intelligence measures. Findings support the role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and insula as key nodes in the emotional intelligence circuitry. NeuroReport 23:551–555 c 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. NeuroReport 2012, 23:551–555
Enthusiasm Is Not Enough: Beginning Secondary Science Teachers in Primarily Hispanic Settings

This study explores the practices of three beginning secondary science teachers. The teachers were in their first year, worked with primarily Hispanic students in rural and urban schools, held undergraduate degrees in science, participated in postbaccalaureate certification programs of varying lengths, and had different cultural backgrounds from the majority of their students. Their beliefs, practices and experiences were documented over the course of a year using the following data sources: semistructured interviews, participant observations, electronic communications, and classroom documents. From the data, individual teacher cases were constructed and then the cases were compared to each other. Conclusions included that the intentions of beginning teachers did not always translate into reality and that enthusiasm for working in diverse environments was not enough for them to enact reform-based practices. The beginning teachers were negotiating a wide range of new experiences, and they were just developing their ability to work in these school settings. They often made their environment less ambiguous by using practices familiar to them. This study suggests that beginning teachers who are working with populations different from their own background require preservice and induction programs that support crucial practices and that those who hire beginning teachers need to take initial teaching assignments into careful consideration.
Thermal contact conductance of selected polymeric materials

The thermal conductivity and thermal contact conductance of several thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers have been studied over a range of interface pressures and temperatures. The temperature range for the thermal conductivity study varied from 10 to 100°C (50 to 212°F). The study showed that ultra high molecular weight (UHMW) polyethylene had the highest thermal conductivity through the range of temperatures and also had the highest thermal conductance values at an interface temperature of 20°C (68°F). The thermal contact conductance study was conducted over a pressure range of 510-2760 kPa (75-400 psi) and a temperature range of 20-40°C (68-104°F). The conductance values for UHMW polyethylene ranged from 1095.3 to 1659.4 W/m2 K (192.9 to 292.2 Btu/h ft2 °F), whereas the thermal conductivity remained constant at 0.45 W/m K (0.26 Btu/h ft °F) throughout the range of temperatures. Polycarbonate and Teflon® had the next highest thermal conductance values at the same interface temperature. The thermal contact conductance values for polyethylene, Teflon, and phenolic polymers were measured at an elevated temperature of 40°C (104°F). The thermal contact conductance values for both Teflon and phenolic increased with increasing temperature, whereas the values for UHMW polyethylene decreased due to their unique chain structure at the higher temperature. The polymers were chosen because of their widespread engineering interest applications.
Traces In the Dark—Sedimentary Processes and Facies Gradients In the Upper Devonian–Lower Mississippian Upper Shale Member of the Bakken Formation, Williston Basin, North Dakota, U.S.A.—Discussion

I would like to comment on a recent paper by Egenhoff and Fishman (2013) that discusses observations made on cores of the Bakken Shale and presents a methodology to examine and describe these cores. In this contribution I would like to discuss some of their observations and conclusions related to perceived bioturbation features. The authors very eloquently came up with an attractive title for their paper “Traces in the Dark,” and it is this darkness that I would like to shine some light on. Some of the burrows that are shown, like the burrow tubes with contrasting fill in their figure 4, are rather clear, and there is no disagreement. Others, like those in their figure 5, may just as well be cross sections of pellets, and probably a thin section parallel to bedding would be required to sort out their actual origin (e.g., Macquaker et al. 2010). The aspects that I found the most troubling are shown in their figure 6 (A and B), where a laminated black shale is shown on which the authors drew white lines to highlight what they interpret to be burrows that penetrate this laminated shale. And there is the rub: without these white lines I would never have been able to “see” these “burrows,” and I have seen plenty of subtle bioturbation in shales before (e.g., Schieber 2003). Having worked on Devonian black shales for two decades, I actually have hundreds of thin sections like this one in my collection. The silt laminae in sections from my collection, especially if only a few grains thick, show gaps and discontinuities in the ten to hundred micron range quite commonly, but I personally would not interpret these gaps in terms …
Circulation and scale‐up in bubble columns

The liquid circulation model of Rice and Geary (1990) is extended to include turbulence originating at the wall. Thus, two possible length scales are considered: one originating from rising bubbles and the other emanating from the wall. The appropriate scale for small columns should be based on bubble size, while for larger systems the proper mixing length is proportional to column diameter. It is proposed that the film Reynolds number may be the key in distinguishing the two cases.
Gate Bias Dependence of Single Event Charge Collection in AlSb/InAs HEMTs

Single event charge collection in AlSb/InAs HEMTs is shown to depend on the gate bias. Spatial correlation between excess channel carriers and the horizontal field is shown to be the key factor. Hole accumulation in the AlSb buffer layer increases the electron concentration in the two-dimensional electron gas, increasing the collected charge. Potential drop across access regions reduces charge collection towards zero gate bias. A secondary but perceptible dependence on high field electron mobility is demonstrated.
The regional subsurface structure of Long Valley (California) caldera fill from gravity and magnetotelluric data

Long Valley caldera, in eastern California, is a deep, basinlike feature bounded by steeply dipping normal faults having vertical offsets of at least several kilometers and is largely filled with effusive volcanics and lacustrine deposits. Interest in delineating its substructure has escalated over the past decade for a number of reasons; for example, there is increasing evidence that patterns of recent seismicity and volcanism may be controlled by pre-existing basement structures. In addition, the highly porous fill of the caldera basin forms the major hydrologic element in the region. For these and other reasons, characterizing the subsurface geometry of Long Valley caldera is an important objective of current geophysical studies. This paper reports a combined gravity and magnetotelluric interpretation which reveals a close similarity between a simple 3-D gravity model and a telluric thin sheet interpretation. This underscores the fact that both the gravity and the MT data are largely influenced by the same geologic elements: the caldera fill, basement topography, and the major boundary faults. Moreover, as in earlier MT interpretations, a conductive zone is seen beneath the southwest moat. In addition, however, because of new data, we now have evidence for a buried resistive ridge cutting across the main body of the caldera from the northwest to the southeast beneath the resurgent dome. Interpreting this resistive feature as a basement structural "high" (that is, a horst block ) is compatible with limited drilling data, and it appears to be the same feature that has been described as a "central platform" from previous gravity studies. The presence of such a horst may be fundamentally related to the structural evolution of the resurgent dome.
PITS AND BONES: Identifying Maya ritual behavior in the archaeological record

In this article, we examine the traditional classificatory terms of cache and burial as they are used in Lowland Maya archaeology and argue that, rather than forming mutually exclusive categories, these ritual deposits are members of a continuum. After discussing the intertwined concepts of dedication and termination and the cosmology of caches, we summarize burgeoning evidence that not all deposits classified as caches are votive offerings. We also discuss the role played by household refuse in ritual contexts. We then describe the investigation of a pit excavated into bedrock beneath a residential structure at the Maya site of La Caldera, in northwestern Belize. Our interpretation of the ritual importance of the pit is based on a series of behaviors that activated, terminated, and then reactivated the ritual pathway defined by the feature. We suggest that this behavioral approach to special deposits is more compelling than attempts to classify the material traces of ritual actions according to narrowly defined terms.
A Review of “Planning Olympic Legacies: Transport Dreams and Urban Realities”

The article reviews the book "Planning Olympic Legacies: Transport Dreams and Urban Realities," by Eva Kassens-Noor.
The Concentration Of Health Care Expenditures, Revisited

In two previous publications, we described the distribution of health care expenditures among the civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. population, specifically in terms of the share of aggregate expenditures accounted for by the top spenders in the distribution. Our focus revealed considerably skewed distribution, with a relatively small proportion of the population accounting for a large share of expenditures. In this paper we update our previous tabulations (last computed using data more than a decade old) with new data from the 1996 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). Our findings show that the skewed concentration of health care expenditures has remained very stable; 5 percent of the population accounts for the majority of health expenditures.
Prime model extensions for differential fields of characteristic p ≠ 0

The main purpose of this paper is to show that there exists a prime differentially closed extension over each differentially perfect field. We do this in a roundabout manner by first giving new and simple axioms for the theory of differentially closed fields (in the manner of Blum [1] for characteristic 0) and by proving that this theory is the model completion of the theory of differentially perfect fields. This paper can be read independently from [10], where we gave more complicated axioms for the same theory (in the manner of Robinson [6] for characteristic 0). I am indebted to E. R. Kolchin for answering many questions and for making the manuscript of his forthcoming book [2] available to me.
Method Effects, Measurement Error, and Substantive Conclusions

Common method variance is routinely viewed as a pervasive problem in organizational research, one that undermines good science and biases empirical conclusions. The authors review research that has...
Establishment of the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Predator, Laricobius nigrinus (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), in the Eastern United States

ABSTRACT The hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), native to western North America and Asia, was accidentally introduced from Japan to the eastern United States. To potentially establish biological control of A. tsugae, we released a predator endemic to western North America, Laricobius nigrinus Fender (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), from 2003 to 2005, in 22 localities from Georgia to Massachusetts. Release sites spanned the invasive range of the adelgid across five United States Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones (5a to 7a). Release sizes were 75, 150, 300, 600, or 1,200 adult L. nigrinus per site in the fall, winter, early spring, or sequentially (i.e., fall or winter and early spring). We monitored establishment by annual sampling for L. nigrinus adults with beat sheets and for L. nigrinus larvae by branch clipping. At the end of 3 yr, L. nigrinus was established in 13 of the 22 sites. The following variables were evaluated for their correlation with the numbers...
FDTD study of resonance Processes in metamaterials

The finite-difference time-domain simulations in the frequency domain are used to study resonance phenomena in left-handed metamaterials consisting of the arrays of split-ring resonators (SRRs) and metal rods. It is demonstrated that, at frequencies corresponding to the band of enhanced transmission of the metamaterial, the half-wavelength resonances occur in both the SRRs and rods. The observed resonances in rods make questionable the applicability of the plasma concept to the analysis of the metamaterial performance. We also show that overlapping of electric or magnetic fields at resonance causes coupling between resonators and assembling them in three-dimensional groups, which rearrange in dependence on frequency inside the transmission band. As the result, the resonance phenomena in the metamaterial proceed essentially nonuniform, although the size of the metamaterial units is less than the wavelength. We suggest that coupling between resonators is capable of providing the electromagnetic response, similar to that observed at the backward-wave propagation in double-negative media. The latter is demonstrated on the example of the all-dielectric metamaterial composed from an array of dielectric resonators.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy as a Cause of Sudden Cardiac Death in the Young: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract Background Sudden cardiac death is often linked with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in young athletes, but with a divergence of study results. We performed a meta-analysis to compare the prevalence of sudden cardiac deaths associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy vs sudden cardiac deaths associated with structurally normal hearts. Methods A structured search of MEDLINE was conducted for studies published from 1990 through 2014. Retrospective cohort studies, patient registries, and autopsy series examining sudden cardiac death etiology in young individuals (age ≤35 years) were included. A random-effects model was applied to generate pooled summary estimates of the percentage of sudden cardiac deaths with structurally normal hearts at postmortem vs those caused by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Heterogeneity was assessed using I 2 . Subgroup analyses were conducted based on study location, patient age groups, and population types. Results Thirty-four studies were included, representing a combined sample of 4605 subjects. The overall pooled percentage of sudden cardiac deaths caused by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was 10.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.0%-12.6%; I 2 = 87.2%), while sudden cardiac deaths with structurally normal hearts at death were more common ( P 2 = 95.3%). In nonathlete subjects, the pooled percentage of sudden cardiac deaths associated with structurally normal hearts (30.7%; 95% CI, 23.0%-38.4%; I 2 = 96.3%) were significantly more common ( P 2 = 80.1%). Among athletes, there was no significant difference between summary estimates of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and structurally normal hearts ( P = .57), except in Europe where structurally normal hearts were more common ( P = .01). Conclusions Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is not a more common finding at death than structurally normal hearts in young subjects with sudden cardiac death. Increased attention should be directed toward identifying causes of death associated with a structurally normal heart in subjects with sudden cardiac death.
Rare Books and the College Library: Current Practices in Marrying Undergraduates to Special Collections

In this paper I wish to accomplish three things. First, I would like to theorize about how we bring students to our table, for I believe that we must have some understanding of this process in order to be positively committed to providing programs to undergraduates. Second, I would like to present the results of a recent survey I carried out investigating the current state of special collections in liberal arts college libraries. Then I shall describe briefly a few specific programs that have existed in the last several years—some rather innovative and some quite traditional—that have directly . . .
Learning Design Through Student-Generated Learning Aids

In this work we present the results of hands-on design experience implemented in an undergraduate mechanical engineering design course. This work is motivated by the need to provide students with more design-decision making experience to enable them to be ready to engineer upon graduation. Students were guided through the process of designing learning aid prototypes to be used in general engineering education. Three significant results of this work are that: 1) 3D printing was a critical technology for enabling authentic learning environments; 2) Student’s grasp of fundamentals is improved through construction of learning aids compared to their typical classroom use; and 3) Setting limits on resources and client’s time are necessary but require flexibility to enable “learning through failures.” Overall this work demonstrates a structured approach to using additive manufacturing as integrated technology in engineering education.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
To Err Is Human: Lessons from Patient Safety Research for Transplant Care

The unrelenting tide of biomedical innovation has influenced kidney transplant care in profound ways, causing major overall improvement. The incidence of acute graft rejection has dropped precipitously, thereby changing the “natural history” of a renal allograft. As acute graft rejection rates
Resident training in new technologies.

In this issue of the Journal , we present the latest article in our series on education and training in pathology and laboratory medicine.1 Among the more challenging, interesting, fun, and rewarding parts of academic medicine is the ability to participate in the development and testing of new technology. Challenging because one is sailing uncharted waters without any certainty of success. Interesting because one has an opportunity to work with technology that in many cases no one else has access to at that time. Fun because early in development and testing there are fewer limits on how one thinks, what one can do, and the ability to influence the direction that a technology will take. Rewarding because one often is …
Halogen-Bond-Templated [2+2] Photodimerization in the Solid State: Directed Synthesis and Rare Self-Inclusion of a Halogenated Product

A ditopic halogen-bond acceptor organizes a diiodooctafluorostilbene for a [2+2] photodimerization reaction to take place between two stilbene molecules in the solid state. The resultant cyclobutane product is functionalized with halogen atoms and undergoes self-assembly to form a channel-type host-guest compound that exhibits a very rare form of self-inclusion.
A photonic thermalization gap in disordered lattices

A theoretical study looks at the interplay between disorder and chiral symmetry in the photon statistics in a one-dimensional photonic lattice, predicting that for increased disorder coherent light becomes thermal. The formation of gaps—forbidden ranges in the values of a physical parameter—is common to a variety of physical systems: from energy bandgaps of electrons in periodic lattices1 and their analogues in photonic2, phononic3 and plasmonic4 systems to pseudo-energy gaps in aperiodic quasicrystals5. Here, we predict a thermalization gap for light propagating in finite disordered structures characterized by disorder-immune chiral symmetry6—the appearance of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors in skew-symmetric pairs. In these systems, the span of sub-thermal photon statistics is inaccessible to input coherent light, which—once the steady state is reached—always emerges with super-thermal statistics no matter how small the disorder level. We formulate an independent constraint of the input field for the chiral symmetry to be activated and the gap to be observed. This unique feature enables a new form of photon-statistics interferometry: the deterministic tuning of photon statistics via controlled excitation symmetry breaking realized by sculpting the amplitude or phase of the input coherent field.
Study of early kidney damage in rats with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)

Objective:To study the changes of levels of CGRP and ET in serum of early kidney damage in rats with noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). We provided theoretic basis for preventing early diabetic kidnetic destroy. Methods:Rats were gived STZ and developed impained glucose tolerance,then were fed with high fat and high glucose. After ten weeks,NIDDM models were formed. The levels of CGRP and ET were assayed when the DM models of rats were formed and before and after it at the 2nd and the 4th weeks respectively. Results:The concentration of CGRP and ET did not obviously alter in serum at the 4th week before the models were formed,while these indicators increasingly declined at the 2nd week before,when the models were formed and at the 2nd and 4th weeks after models were formed; meanwhile,the leveks of ET in serum increased significantly. Conclusion:The interactions of CGRP,ET involved in the happening and development of early diabetic kidney destroy. The changes of CGRP and ET in serum have important significance on early discovering and analyzing DN.
Prayer and meditation as medical therapies.

Prayer and meditation have been used as health-enhancing techniques for centuries. The limitations in mainstream psychiatry to address the religious and spiritual needs of patients have been reviewed recently, with efforts increasing now to understand and integrate cultural and personal beliefs into the psychiatric assessment rather than to assume psychopathology. This article examines prayer and meditation in relation to rehabilitation medicine.
Ultra wideband channel characterization for invasive biomedical applications

Implantable smart biomedical devices that collects vital physiological data and transmits them wirelessly over the communication link seemed to be a sci-fi concept decade ago. But with advancements in microelectromechanical systems and circuit design techniques, today this sci-fi concept can be realized using UWB (Ultra Wideband) radio technology which has shown tremendous potential to qualify as radio technology for invasive BCI applications. There are many problems that needs to be addressed in order to make the dream come true. In this paper, we attempt to study behavior of UWB radio signals when they pass through cerebellum tissue of human and reach the receiver planted on surface of human body. We do analysis of received signal strength, channel capacity and signal to noise ratio of signal at different center frequencies and implant depth which are presented in paper. No channel models for in body communication using UWB radio technology are available in literature and our work, is a step in same direction.
Cryptococcal Septicemia Associated with Urologic Instrumentation in a Renal Allograft Recipient

AbstractA case is presented of a renal allograft recipient with 2 episodes of cryptococcal septicemia temporally related to genitourinary manipulation, which preceded the usual signs of meningeal or cutaneous infection. A review of the literature suggests that cryptococcal disease may, occasionally, manifest itself initially in the genitourinary tract. Therefore, we suggest that cryptococcal infection be suspected in the compromised host who has symptoms of cystitis or bladder outlet obstruction during a short period.
Who Gets Elected

Thus far electoral systems have been classified, in the main, on the basis of how votes are translated into seats. But what about who gets elected? How does one become a candidate and then win office?
Massage, c. 1966*

Tied to the body, the word “massage” in the mid-1960s was also associated with media, as well as the idea of mass manipulation. Framed through the work of the media theorist Marshall McLuhan and the artist Claes Oldenburg, this essay considers the intersections between media theory and body and performance art.
Differences in U.S. Suicide Rates by Educational Attainment, 2000–2014

Introduction The purpose of this study was to document the association between education and suicide risk, in light of rising suicide rates and socioeconomic differentials in mortality in the U.S. Methods Differentials and trends in U.S. suicide rates by education were examined from 2000 to 2014 using death certificate data on 442,135 suicides from the National Center for Health Statistics and Census data. Differences in the circumstances and characteristics of suicide deaths by education were investigated using 2013 data from the National Violent Death Reporting System for nine states. Analyses were conducted in 2016. Results Between 2000 and 2014, men and women aged ≥25 years with at least a college degree exhibited the lowest suicide rates; those with a high school degree displayed the highest rates. Men with a high school education were twice as likely to die by suicide compared with those with a college degree in 2014. The education gradient in suicide mortality generally remained constant over the study period. Interpersonal/relationship problems and substance abuse were more common circumstances for less educated decedents. Mental health issues and job problems were more prevalent among college-educated decedents. Conclusions The findings highlight the importance of social determinants in suicide risk, with important prevention implications.
The Aging Well through Interaction and Scientific Education (AgeWISE) Program.

Objective: We conducted a randomized controlled trial of the Aging Well through Interaction and Scientific Education (AgeWISE) program, a 12-week manualized cognitive rehabilitation program designe...
A pilot study to record visual evoked potentials during prone spine surgery using the SightSaver™ photic visual stimulator

This is a pilot study to assess the clinical safety and efficacy of recording real-time flash visual evoked potentials (VEPs) using the SightSaver TM Visual Stimulator mask during prone spine surgery. A prospective, observational pilot study. Twenty patients presenting for spine surgery (microdiscectomy, 1–2 level lumbar fusion, or > 2 levels thoraco-lumbar fusion) were enrolled. The SightSaver™ Visual Stimulator™ was used to elicit VEPs throughout surgery. Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) were simultaneously recorded. All patients underwent general anesthesia with a combination of intravenous and inhaled agents. The presence, absence, and changes in VEP were qualitatively analyzed. Reproducible VEPs were elicited in 18/20 patients (36/40 eyes). VEPs were exquisitely sensitive to changes in anesthesia and decayed with rising MAC of isoflurane and/or N2O. Decrements in VEPs were observed without concomitant changes in SSEPs. The mask was simple to apply and use and was not associated with adverse effects. The SightSaver™ mask represents an emerging technology for monitoring developing visual insults during surgery. The definitive applications remain to be determined, but likely include use in select patients and/or surgeries. Here, we have validated the device as safe and effective, and show that VEPs can be recorded in real time under general anesthesia in the prone position. Future studies should be directed towards understanding the ideal anesthetic regimen to facilitate stable VEP recording during prone spine surgery.
Linear Algebra Through Geometry by Thomas Banchoff and John Wermer

(1993). Linear Algebra Through Geometry by Thomas Banchoff and John Wermer. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 100, No. 5, pp. 506-508.
Issues and Standards in Counseling Lesbians and Gay Men with Substance Abuse Concerns

In this article, the author analyzes the issues and standards facing mental health counselors (MHCs) when working with lesbians and gay men who have substance abuse problems. In order to provide professional and affirmative services to clients from this population, it is critical for MHCs to understand the social and historical context of the lives of lesbians and gay men. Therefore, some of the major factors that contribute to substance abuse problems in the gay community are explored. Finally, guidelines regarding legal protections for this population are provided.
Microscopic Control of Skin Cancer: Mohs' Technique: Chemosurgery and Fresh Tissue Surgery

Microscopic control of skin cancer, widely known as Mohs' technique or Mohs' surgery, has become a very popular method of successfully excising skin cancers. Both fixed and fresh tissue surgery are described, with emphasis on the microscopic examination of the frozen tissue sections. Uses of new laboratory, carbon dioxide laser, and Shaw's scalpel procedures are also included.
Place-based Inequality in “Energetic” Pain: The Price of Residence in Rural America:

Despite the tendency for some to view rural life or living close to nature with nostalgia, the unpalatable truth is that rural America is beset with many problems, including lower incomes, higher p...
The cruel optimism of sexual consent

This article intervenes in a critical debate about the use of consent to distinguish sex from rape. Drawing from critical contract theories, it argues that sexual consent is a cruel optimism that often operates to facilitate, rather than alleviate, sexual violence. Sexual consent as a cruel optimism promises to simplify rape allegations in the popular cultural imagination, confounds the distinction between victims and agents of sexual violence, and establishes certainty for potential victimizers who rely on it to convince themselves and others that their partners implicitly or explicitly agreed to sex. In each of these cases, the power of consent rests in its tendency to obscure sexual violence in a set of questions around victimhood and agency, rather than to clarify whether or when it has occurred. Following in the critical contract tradition, this article argues that the optimistic attachment to the clarifying power of consent helps to explain the persistent commitment to better sexual consent as a ‘solution’ to the problems of rape and sexual violence, and that this ‘solution’ is insufficient to the task.
Games on Networks with Community Structure: Existence, Uniqueness and Stability of Equilibria

We study games with nonlinear best response functions played on a network consisting of disjoint communities. Prior works on network games have identified conditions to guarantee the uniqueness and stability of Nash equilibria in a network without any community structure. In this paper we are interested in accomplishing the same for networks with a community structure; it turns out that these conditions are much easier to verify with certain community structures. Specifically, we consider multipartite graphs and show that the uniqueness and stability of Nash equilibria are related to matrices which are potentially much lower in dimension, on the order of the number of communities, compared to same-size networks without a multipartite structure, in which case such matrices have a dimension the size of the network. We further introduce a new notion of degree centrality to measure the importance and influence of a community in such a network. We show that this notion enables us to find new conditions for uniqueness and stability of Nash equilibria.
Unraveling the Dirac neutrino with cosmological and terrestrial detectors

Abstract We point out a correlation between the effective number of relativistic degrees of species N eff , the cosmologically measured m ν , sterile eff , and the terrestrially measured neutrino mass sum and effective electron neutrino mass, Σ m ν and m ν e , which arises in the Dirac neutrino hypothesis. If the neutrinos are Dirac particles, and if the active neutrinos' sterile partners were once thermalized in the early universe, then this new cosmological relic would simultaneously contribute to the effective number of relativistic species, N eff , and also lead to a correlation between the cosmologically-measured effective sterile neutrino mass m ν , sterile eff and the terrestrially-measured active neutrino mass sum Σ m ν . We emphasize that specifically correlated deviations in N eff ≳ 3 , m ν , sterile eff and Σ m ν above their standard predictions could be the harbinger revealing the Dirac nature of neutrinos. We provide several benchmark examples, including Dirac leptogenesis, that predict a thermal relic population of the sterile partners, and we discuss the relevant observational prospects with current and near-future experiments. If the correlation highlighted in this work is observed in future surveys, it could be interpreted as supporting evidence of Dirac neutrino masses.
Is Good Teaching Culturally Responsive

Demographic data show an increasingly diverse student population in all urban settings. This contrasts with the teacher force, which is predominately middle class, female, monolingual, and of European ancestry. This discrepancy adds complexity to an already complex profession. To bridge this cultural gap, researchers advocate for a change in the teaching paradigm, in which teachers understand the relationship between students’ culture and learning. This paradigm is called Culturally Responsive Teaching. The participants of this study were twenty-two secondary mathematics and science teachers. The researcher analyzed whether some of the strategies used in mathematics and science urban classrooms were student-centered as well as culturally responsive. Results show that teachers used a variety of student-centered strategies, such as discovery learning, centers and group work, and games. Similarly, the teachers incorporated their students’ culture into their mathematics and science classrooms, by including their students’ interests in the lessons, exposing students to similar role models, and using real-life examples that students found relatable.
Is Colorectal Cancer Screening Associated with Stages of Weight Control Among Korean Americans Aged 50–75 Years Old?: Implications for Weight Control Practice

To examine the associations of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening with stages of weight control among Korean Americans (KAs) using the transtheoretical model and provide implications for their weight control practice. A quantitative, cross-sectional survey was employed to collect data on current weight control behaviors and intentions, CRC screening history, previous cancer diagnosis, body mass index, number of chronic conditions, perceived health status, health insurance, and sociodemographics. Purposive sampling was implemented to recruit KA participants in the Atlanta metropolitan area in the USA from May 2015 to February 2016. A total of 433 KAs aged 50 to 75 years completed a self-report survey questionnaire. Descriptive and bivariate analyses and multiple logistic regressions were performed using Stata Version 14/MP software. Applying the stages of the transtheoretical model 53% were positioned in the first two stages (precontemplation and contemplation) of weight control with 47% being in the last two stages (action and maintenance). Participants who had been screened for CRC were more likely to be in the last two stages of weight control compared with those who had not been screened (OR = 2.49; p = 0.003). The findings suggest that preventive healthcare such as CRC screening may provide the opportunity for health education interventions to help encourage weight control efforts and behaviors in the KA community. Future research is warranted to investigate the underlying mechanism behind the link between CRC screening and weight control to guide the development of interventions for eliminating health disparities.
Vitamin D and Glaucoma: A Critical Review of the Literature

Primary open-angle glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy which can lead to irreversible blindness if untreated. A number of studies have been published suggesting a correlation between the level of serum vitamin D3 and glaucoma or intraocular pressure (IOP). The latter is known to be a major risk factor for glaucoma and is the main target of glaucoma treatment. We give a critical review of the literature, exploring what is known about this matter. While some studies report an inverse association between serum vitamin D3 and IOP, others do not confirm this finding. Similar divergent conclusions came from studies regarding the association between serum vitamin D3 and the presence or severity of glaucoma. The effect of vitamin D3 on IOP decrease has been attributed to both aqueous humor production and trabecular meshwork outflow pathway increase. Vitamin D3 has been shown to play a major role in reducing inflammation, modulating the immune response, and decreasing angiogenesis in the eye and in other organs. It has been suggested that, through its neuroprotective effect, vitamin D3 could be a protective factor for glaucoma and that vitamin D3 deficiency could explain glaucoma occurrence or severity in some patients. Other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis have been similarly related to vitamin D3 deficiency. 1 alpha,25(OH)(2) vitamin D3 (calcitriol) supplementation has been shown to be beneficial for lowering IOP in monkeys. Although the studies highlighted in this review show interesting results, their limitations underscore the need for both population-based studies and larger randomized controlled trial with vitamin D3 supplementation. The specific role of vitamin D3 in the pathology of glaucoma remains to be elucidated, together with the possible therapeutic benefit of vitamin D3 supplementation.
Immunomodulatory Low-Dose Whole-Lung Radiation for Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019-Related Pneumonia.

Purpose Phase 1 clinical trials have established low-dose, whole-lung radiation therapy (LD-RT) as safe for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related pneumonia. By focally dampening cytokine hyperactivation, LD-RT may improve disease outcomes through immunomodulation. Methods and Materials Patients with COVID-19-related pneumonia were treated with 1.5 Gy whole-lung LD-RT, followed for 28 days or until hospital discharge, and compared with age- and comorbidity-matched controls meeting identical disease severity criteria. Eligible patients were hospitalized, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) positive, had radiographic consolidations, and required supplemental oxygen but had not rapidly declined on admission or before drug therapy or LD-RT. Efficacy endpoints were time to clinical recovery, radiographic improvement, and biomarker response. Results Ten patients received whole-lung LD-RT between April 24 and May 24, 2020 and were compared with 10 control patients blindly matched by age and comorbidity. Six controls received COVID-19 drug therapies. Median time to clinical recovery was 12 days in the control cohort compared with 3 days in the LD-RT cohort (hazard ratio 2.9, P = .05). Median time to hospital discharge (20 vs 12 days, P = .19) and intubation rates (40% vs 10%, P = .12) in the control and LD-RT cohorts were compared. Median time from admission to recovery was 10 versus 13 days (P = .13). Hospital duration average was 19 versus 22.6 days (P = .53). Average hospital days on supplemental oxygen of any duration was 13.1 versus 14.7 days (P = .69). Average days with a documented fever was 1 versus 4.3 days (P = .12). Twenty-eight–day overall survival was 90% for both cohorts. The LD-RT cohort trended toward superior rates of improved radiographs (P = .12) and delirium (P Conclusions A prospective cohort of predominantly elderly hospitalized patients with COVID-19-related pneumonia were recovered to room air quicker than age- and comorbidity-matched controls, with trending or significant improvements in delirium, radiographs, and biomarkers, and no significant acute toxicity. Low-dose, whole-lung radiation for patients with COVID-19-related pneumonia appears safe and may be an effective immunomodulatory treatment. Larger prospective randomized trials are needed to define the efficacy of LD-RT for COVID-19.
Direct Penetration of Bacterial Toxins across the Plasma Membrane

Adenylate (or adenylyl) cyclase (AC) toxin is an essential virulence factor for Bordetella pertussis, as mutants lacking this molecule are virtually avirulent in an animal infection model. Receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME) is characterized by several features that can be used to determine whether a particular toxin is entering by that pathway. First, it is generally true that ligand binding can occur at 4 and 37°C, but internalization only occurs at 37°C. Second, binding is saturable and limited by the number of receptor molecules on the target cell. Third, toxins that enter target cells by RME exhibit a lag phase between toxin addition and biological effects, due to the time necessary for uptake into an endosome, acidification of the endosome, and resultant translocation of the catalytic portion into the cytoplasm. All toxins that act on intracellular targets must have a mechanism by which at least a part of their structure can traverse the plasma membrane of the host cell. Divalent metal binding to AC toxin and the membrane potential of the target cell are clearly critical factors in the processes of insertion and translocation of the toxin, but the signals that initiate this sequence of events from the cell surface remain unknown. Most of the understanding of the structure and function of AC toxin comes from work utilizing soluble material obtained by urea extraction of B. pertussis organisms or recombinant Escherichia coli expressing AC toxin. Infection with B. pertussis is not systemic; organisms remain localized to the respiratory mucosa.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Inhibitor (VEGI; TNFSF15) induction of apoptosis in endothelial cells is NF-κB dependent

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 244 The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of NF-κB signaling pathway has in VEGI-induced cell death. We determined the activation of NF-κB with a nuclear translocation assay using an ELISA of nuclear extracts. We then tested the ability of an IKK kinase inhibitor, parthenolide (PN), to abrogate VEGI-induced NF-κB activation. Growth rates of adult bovine aortic endothelial (ABAE) cells were determined either by an MTS assay Or by cell counting. We then investigated if VEGI is still able to activate caspases-3, -8, -9, and -10 in the presence of parthenolide, using a substrate assay, and determined the ability of two pharmacological inhibitors Bay 11-7082 and Bay 11-7085 ability to prevent caspase 3 activation by VEGI. The effect of parthenolide was compared to inhibitory effects to TNFα. We have determined that in the presence of parthenolide that ABAE cells are no longer susceptible to the inhibitory effects of VEGI. VEGI was able to increase a 7-fold induction of NF-κB in the nucleus. Parthenolide was determined to be effective in inhibiting activation of NF-κB. We found that parthenolide protected ABAE cells from the inhibitory effects of VEGI as shown by a proliferation assay and cell count after 48 and 72 hours. We also found that parthenolide sequestered VEGI activation of caspase-3, -8, -9, and -10, suggesting, that NF-κB is necessary for the activation of the caspase pathway. We further confirmed NF-κB role in VEGI-activation of caspase-3 using Bay 11-7082 and Bay 11-7085. Interestingly, we found that PN did not exert a similar protective effect on ABAE cell proliferation when treated with TNFα. These findings suggests that NF-κB is necessary for the activation of the caspase pathway that is activated by VEGI and not TNFα.
Abstract 240: Concomitant Use of Therapeutic Hypothermia with Mechanical Circulatory Support in Patients Post Cardiac Arrest in Cardiogenic Shock: A Single Center Experience

Background: The concurrent use of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) following cardiac arrest and mechanical circulatory support (MCS) for cardiogenic shock is becoming increasingly common. Little is known however, about the combined use of TH and MCS for patients after ROSC following a cardiac arrest who remain in cardiogenic shock. Therefore we describe the experience with concomitant use of TH and MCS from a large academic tertiary care center in Boston. Methods: Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes at hospital discharge were reported for patients undergoing TH following cardiac arrest who also received MCS for cardiogenic shock. MCS included Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) two percutaneous ventricular assist devices (Impella, and TandemHeart), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Clinical outcomes included mortality as well as cerebral performance category (CPC) at hospital discharge. Results: There were a total of 14 patients who underwent concomitant TH and MCS following a cardiac ar...