cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Political ideology as motivated social cognition: Behavioral and neuroscientific evidence.

Ideology is a potent motivational force; human beings are capable of committing atrocities (as well as acts of generosity and courage) and sacrificing even their own lives for the sake of abstract belief systems. In this article, we summarize the major tenets of a model of political ideology as motivated social cognition (Jost et al. in Psychol Bull 129:339–375, 2003a, Psychol Bull 129:389–393, 2003b, Person Soc Psychol Bull 33:989–1007, 2007), focusing on epistemic, existential, and relational motives and their implications for left-right (or liberal-conservative) political orientation. We review behavioral evidence indicating that chronically and temporarily activated needs to reduce uncertainty, ambiguity, threat, and disgust are positively associated with conservatism (or negatively associated with liberalism). Studies from neuroscience and genetics suggest that right- (vs. left-) wing orientation is associated with greater neural sensitivity to threat and larger amygdala volume, as well as less sensitivity to response conflict and smaller anterior cingulate volume. These findings and others provide converging evidence for Jost and colleagues’ model of ideology as motivated social cognition and, more broadly, reflect the utility of an integrative political neuroscience approach to understanding the basic cognitive, neural, and motivational processes that give rise to ideological activity.
A New Approach for Vision-based Rear Vehicle Tracking

A thorough research of dynamic target tracking problem in vision system on intelligent vehicle is conducted. A new approach to track of the rear part of a vehicle by a backward-looking video camera is put forward. Considered that the target's relative speed is slow and the shape changes little, the vehicle fast tracking is obtained by locating the edge of target in tracking window. The tracking accuracy is improved by computing the target comparability feature to conduct self-evaluation of the location reliability, and the location deviation is emendated by template match algorithm. The stably tracking of vehicle target in complex background is achieved, and the tracking accuracy is higher than 90 percent. When the tracking window is shifting, the tracking can be resumed automatically by this algorithm.
High-current density coils for high-radiation environments

The limits on current density for continuous operation of indirectly cooled mineral-insulated coils are explored by thermal analysis, and the criteria for cable optimization are established. The insulation system, compacted magnesium oxide powder, has these advantages: 1) Radiation insensitivity - no detectable degradation at 1014rads, with no reason to expect this to be close to any limit. 2) Flexibility - enabling standard coil-winding practice to be followed, without the problems of fired ceramics. 3) Good thermal conductivity - 2.36 W/m.K at room temperature. 4) High-temperature stability - making the metal components of the coil determine the operational temperature limit, rather than the insulation system as in conventional coils. The cooling system avoids oxidation problems caused by radiolysis of water. Other potentially radiation-sensitive components also are discussed. An example is given of the design procedure. The feasibility of extending the technique to commercial fusion reactor coils is examined.
A Framework And Simulator for Parallel Fast Integral Equation Simulation of Microelectronic Structures

As a part of IBM's special session, this paper presents a framework and integral equation-based 3D electromagnetic simulator for parallel simulation of microelectronic structures including those of interest to IBM. The translators, mesher, and simulator is described and is validated for initial cases. Progress on the IBM benchmark is reported.
Reference prediction in optimal control of smart-grid with asynchronous RDG's

This paper proposes an efficient interaction infrastructure between the Utility and distributed customers in a future smart grid. Detailed steps of a complete interaction cycle are presented, including demand response (DR), distributed customer mode-switching decision making and stochastic tracking control for the Utility-maintained conventional generation facilities. We further extend our previous work by considering the realistic scenario of asynchronous load demand signals from different customer loads. To compensate for different delays seen by different customer/load signals, we design a Kalman filter (KF) based prediction scheme to construct the correct reference signal. The prediction problem is essentially transformed into a problem which can be solved by the standard Kalman filtering technique. Due to the system linearity and the fact that different customer/loads are decoupled with each other, we show that the centralized reference prediction can equivalently be implemented distributively, where a distributed Kalman filter is implemented for each of the delayed load signal. In addition, we establish that the separation of the reference prediction and tracking design is still optimal for the original objective function. Simulation results are presented to show the performances of the proposed prediction and tracking schemes.
‘Could you define the sense you give the word “political”’? Michel Foucault as a political philosopher:

Foucault’s political thinking is focused on the concept of power relations. Under the influence of Nietzsche he proposes two different accounts of how power is related to human action. Nietzsche ha...
The role of the human resources manager: strategist or conscience of the organisation?

Обсуждается роль менеджера по человеческим ресурсам в компании, объективная сложность его задачи - примирить ценности организации с ценностями этики профессионалов по управлению людьми. По данным исследований, то, насколько профессионалы HR могут влиять на организационную этику, зависит от культуры и структуры организации, а также от уровня доверия к самим HR-специалистам. В основном, ничто не указывает на значительность их влияния.
Hygroscopic Growth of Ammonium Sulfate/Dicarboxylic Acids

[1] Recent studies have shown that tropospheric sulfate aerosols commonly contain 50% by mass organic species. The influence of these organics on the chemical and physical properties of sulfate aerosols is not fully established. We have measured the water activity of pure dicarboxylic acids and eutonic mixtures of ammonium sulfate/dicarboxylic acids at 25°C and have calculated van't Hoff factors for each individual system. We have also used the vapor pressure data to determine the hygroscopic growth curves for pure dicarboxylic acids and eutonic mixtures and provide power law fits to the data. For the systems studied we find that the presence of soluble dicarboxylic acids at the eutonic proportion depresses hygroscopic growth when compared to pure ammonium sulfate. In addition, we find that the presence of low-solubility dicarboxylic acids at the eutonic proportion has no effect on the hygroscopic growth when compared to pure ammonium sulfate. To model the hygroscopic growth curves of the eutonic solutions, we employed the Zdanovskii, Stokes, and Robinson method. It was found that this approximation was accurate to within 17% for all the systems studied.
Low Energy Modes of the Hydrogen-Bonded Dimer of Benzoic Acid

Hydrogen bonding in isolated, cooled dimers of benzoic acid is explored following preparation in a free jet expansion. Analysis of the laser excitation spectrum in the low energy region allows for the identification of the modes involved in hydrogen bonding in the excited state of the dimer, and cluster formation is noted between the ground state dimers. Van der Waals complexes of the dimer with rare gas atoms are also identified. Assignments of the observed dimer modes have been made and the results are compared with previous studies in solution and matrices and with normal mode analyses.
Do recent epidemiologic observations impact who and how we should screen for CRC

Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is recommended to begin at age 50 for those patients with no significant family history of CRC. However, even within this group of average-risk patients, there is data to suggest that there may be variation in CRC risk. These observations suggest that perhaps CRC screening should be tailored to target those patients at higher risk for earlier or more invasive screening as compared to those individuals at lower risk. The strategy of how to identify those higher-risk patients may not be straightforward. One method might be to use single risk factors such as smoking or elevated BMI as has been suggested in the recent American College of Gastroenterology CRC screening guidelines. Another paradigm involves the use of models which incorporate several risk factors to stratify patients by risk. This article will highlight recent large studies that examine recognized CRC risk factors as well as review recently developed CRC risk models. There will also be a discussion of the application of these factors and models in an effort to make CRC screening more efficient.
Haloaldehyde Polymers. X. Poly(dibromochloroacetaldehyde)

Dibromochloroacetaldehyde was synthesized in good yield from chloroacetaldehyde diethyl acetal by bromination. It was purified to give a monomer suitable for homo- and copolymerization. Polymerization could be carried out with anionic and cationic initiators; anionic polymerization gave good yields of a crystalline polymer which could be stabilized. Vacuum degradation of the polymer gave the monomer form quantitatively. The Tc of polymerization (1 M) was −40°C. Dibromochloroacetaldehyde copolymerized with chloral and phenyl isocyanate to insoluble and infusible polymer, but was less reactive than chloral.
Public Information Officers' Perceived Control in Building Local Public Health Agendas and the Impact of Community Size

Using data collected from 280 local public health information officers (PIOs) serving community sizes from rural to urban across the United States, this study examines issues of local autonomy or lack thereof in establishing local health agendas. It specifically addresses how size of community as well as state and federal agencies' agendas affect public health promotion at the local level. Findings reveal low levels of perceived local departmental control in building public health agendas among rural PIOs. Alternatively, urban PIOs report low levels of both perceived state and federal departmental control yet higher levels of local departmental control compared to counterparts in other sized locales. Implications and importance of findings are discussed.
Pathologic lesions in cystic fibrosis of the pancreas

Summary The autopsy findings of twenty case examples of fibrocystic disease of the pancreas are reviewed, and the pertinent data is recorded in chart form. A short resume of the literature on this disease is included with an emphasis on the desirability of using the term celiac syndrome instead of the designation of celiac disease. There were twenty cases of fibrocystic disease of the pancreas encountered in 363 autopsies from a total of 10,775 admissions to the Pediatric Service of the University of California Hospital. It is noted that there is no apparent correlation between the microscopic appearance of the pancreas and the severity of the clinical syndrome. This suggests that factors of absorption, enteric insufficiency and anomalous function, etc., contribute to the development of the clinical picture. Therapeutic efforts have been consistently disappointing, even in the clinically early cases, and autopsies of patients treated by the newest regimen have presented essentially the same morphological lesions as in untreated cases. This is a disease often involving many glandular organs, besides the pancreas and lungs. Liver anomalies, salivary gland lesions, and cystic changes in t the intestinal mucous membrane may be encountered. Simple secondary bacterial infection must be a factor in the progress of the disease, especially in the lungs. A more fundamental factor, however, is probably at work. Several possibilities exist, but current studies directed toward the elucidation of the chemical and enzymatic details of mucin production seem especially pertinent.
On Tilings by Ribbon Tetrominoes

A ribbon polyomino is a polyomino which has at most one square (i, j) in every diagonal i& j=c. A tetromino is a polyomino with four squares. Up to translations there are exactly 8 different ribbon tetrominoes, which we denote {1 , ..., {8 as in Fig. 1. Let T=[{1 , ..., {8]. Now let 1 be a simply connected region (a finite connected set of squares), and let & be a tiling of 1 by ribbon tetrominoes. This means that 1 is covered without intersection by parallel translations of ribbon tetrominoes. Denote by ai (&) the number of times tetromino {i occurs in the tiling &. While numbers ai may be different for different tilings, this is no longer true for certain linear combinations of them.
Ergodic properties of a system in contact with a heat bath: a one-dimensional model

We consider a one-dimensional model of a system in contact with a heat bath: A particle (the system ormolecule) of massM, confined to the unit interval [0, 1], is surrounded by an infinite ideal gas (thebath of atoms) of point particles of massm with which it interacts via elastic collisions. The atoms are not affected by the walls at 0 and at 1. We obtain “convergence to equilibrium” for the molecule, from essentially any initial distribution on its position and velocity. The infinite composite system of molecule and bath has very good ergodic properties: it is a Bernoulli system.
ISOLATION OF AN ISOANTIGEN ASSOCIATED WITH LEUKOSIS‐SARCOMA VIRUS SUSCEPTIBILITY IN CHICKENS AND ITS RELATION TO HUMAN BLOOD‐GROUP MN SUBSTANCES

SUMMARY The R1 antigen of chicken red cells, which is associated with susceptibility to a subgroup B leukosis-sarcoma virus, has been isolated. This antigen is cross-related to structures on the human blood-group MN antigens and, as in the latter, sialic acid is apparently part of its immunodominant grouping. R1 antigen inhibited influenza viruses and to a lesser extent Vicia graminea anti-N reagent. Plant proteases inactivated the antigen.
Sandia National Labs' precision laser tracking systems

Sandia brought its first laser tracking system on-line in 1968 to replace the fixed camera technique for producing trajectory data on test vehicles. Today, test operations are supported by two mobile self-contained tracking systems. These standalone systems provide accurate time-space- position information and high speed photometric coverage.
Weak Intra-Ring Allosteric Communications of the Archaeal Chaperonin Thermosome Revealed by Normal Mode Analysis

Chaperonins are molecular machines that use ATP-driven cycles to assist misfolded substrate proteins to reach the native state. During the functional cycle, these machines adopt distinct nucleotide-dependent conformational states, which reflect large-scale allosteric changes in individual subunits. Distinct allosteric kinetics has been described for the two chaperonin classes. Bacterial (group I) chaperonins, such as GroEL, undergo concerted subunit motions within each ring, whereas archaeal and eukaryotic chaperonins (group II) undergo sequential subunit motions. We study these distinct mechanisms through a comparative normal mode analysis of monomer and double-ring structures of the archaeal chaperonin thermosome and GroEL. We find that thermosome monomers of each type exhibit common low-frequency behavior of normal modes. The observed distinct higher-frequency modes are attributed to functional specialization of these subunit types. The thermosome double-ring structure has larger contribution from higher-frequency modes, as it is found in the GroEL case. We find that long-range intersubunit correlation of amino-acid pairs is weaker in the thermosome ring than in GroEL. Overall, our results indicate that distinct allosteric behavior of the two chaperonin classes originates from different wiring of individual subunits as well as of the intersubunit communications.
1995 AUR Brogdon Panel: Health care system reform and its effect on the resident workforce

Each year, at the annual meeting of the Association of University Radiologists (AUR), in conjunction with meetings of the Society of Chairmen of Academic Radiology Departments, the Association of Program Directors in Radiology, and the American Association of Academic Chief Residents in Radiology, and the American Association of Academic Chief Residents in Radiology (A 3 CR 2 ), the Brogdon Panel meets to discuss a topic pertinent to academic radiology. The Brogdon Panel, so named in honor of Dr Byron G. Brogdon, is moderated by a member of the A 3 CR 2 . Dr Brogdon, who recently served as an A 3 CR 2 sponsor, has been an active participant in meetings such as these for 30 years. In addition, Dr Brogdon was recently presented the 1996 American Roentgen Ray Sociey Gold Medal Award in recognition of his lifelong contributions to the science of radiology. The panel, previously designated the Joint Panel of the AUR, is an ideal setting for appropriate interplay among all of the radiology organizations on a timely and pertinent subject selected by the chief residents. This report is a summary of 1995's panel discussion, which was a follow-up to 1994's discussion that dealt with issues pertinent to resident eduction in the era of health care system reform.
Analysis of FDA approved anticancer drugs reveals the future of cancer therapy.

This review discusses 26 new anticancer drugs approved by the FDA in the past decade. Based on their targets, these anticancer agents can be divided into three groups. First group contains cancer-selective or semi-selective drugs that are effective in rare kinase-addictive cancers. For other malignancies, semi-selective drugs have to be judiciously combined with non-selective agents. The second group includes analogs of classic cytotoxic agents such as DNA alkylating agents, nucleoside analogs, and anti-microtubule agents. As expected, they have a marginal advantage over the existing cytotoxic drugs, nevertheless are more effective (in common cancers) than semi-selective agents. The third is a diverse group of tissue-selective agents that essentially attack the normal tissues of tumor origin and thus, exploit the tissue-specific similarities between normal and cancer cells. Our analysis predicts that monotherapy with semi-selective agents will be limited to rare cancers. In most cancers however, two antic...
Parent Health Literacy and “Obesogenic” Feeding and Physical Activity-related Infant Care Behaviors

Objective To examine the relationship between parent health literacy and “obesogenic” infant care behaviors. Study design Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a cluster randomized controlled trial of a primary care-based early childhood obesity prevention program (Greenlight). English- and Spanish-speaking parents of 2-month-old children were enrolled (n = 844). The primary predictor variable was parent health literacy (Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults; adequate ≥23; low Results Eleven percent of parents were categorized as having low health literacy. Low health literacy significantly increased the odds of a parent reporting that they feed more formula than breast milk, (aOR = 2.0 [95% CI: 1.2-3.5]), immediately feed when their child cries (aOR = 1.8 [1.1-2.8]), bottle prop (aOR = 1.8 [1.002-3.1]), any infant TV watching (aOR = 1.8 [1.1-3.0]), and inadequate tummy time ( Conclusions Low parent health literacy is associated with certain obesogenic infant care behaviors. These behaviors may be modifiable targets for low health literacy-focused interventions to help reduce childhood obesity.
Abstract B32: Preclinical testing of three immune adjuvants in vaccination therapy for invasive canine meningioma.

Malignant and atypical meningiomas are resistant to standard therapies, but therapeutic vaccines have not been tested preclinically or clinically. Pet dogs with naturally occurring meningioma are an underutilized model for aggressive human meningioma and an outstanding opportunity for assessing experimental therapeutic approaches. We treated 11 meningioma-bearing dogs with surgery and vaccine immunotherapy consisting of autologous tumor cell lysate combined with CpG or imiquimod. Interferon gamma-elaborating T cells were detected in the peripheral blood of two of cases, but vaccine-induced tumor-reactive antibody responses were found in the sera of all dogs. Systemic antibody responses were polyclonal, recognizing intracellular and cell surface antigens, and heat shock protein 60 was identified as one common antigen. Tumor-reactive antibodies bound allogeneic canine and human meningiomas, demonstrating common antigens across breed and species. Histological analysis revealed robust infiltration of antibody-secreting plasma cells into the brain around the tumor in treated compared to pre-treatment samples. Tumor-reactive antibodies were capable of inducing antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity to autologous and allogeneic tumor cells. Moreover, median survival for lysate/CpG and lysate/imiquimod vaccination was 646 days versus 222 days in historic surgery controls (p Citation Format: Brian M. Andersen, G Elizabeth Pluhar, Charles E. Seiler, Zhengming Xiong, Michelle R. Goulart, Matthew Gerry O9Sullivan, Matthew A. Hunt, Charles E. Schiaffo, David M. Ferguson, John R. Ohlfest. Preclinical testing of three immune adjuvants in vaccination therapy for invasive canine meningioma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology: Multidisciplinary Science Driving Basic and Clinical Advances; Dec 2-5, 2012; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B32.
Using Rules and Data Dependencies for the Recovery of Concurrent Processes in a Service-Oriented Environment

This paper presents a recovery algorithm for service execution failure in the context of concurrent process execution. The recovery algorithm was specifically designed to support a rule-based approach to user-defined correctness in execution environments that support a relaxed form of isolation for service execution. Data dependencies are analyzed from data changes that are extracted from database transaction log files and generated as a stream of deltas from Delta-Enabled Grid Services. The deltas are merged by time stamp to create a global schedule of data changes that, together with the process execution context, are used to identify processes that are read and write dependent on failed processes. Process interference rules are used to express semantic conditions that determine if a process that is dependent on a failed process should recover or continue execution. The recovery algorithm integrates a service composition model that supports nested processes, compensation, contingency, and rollback procedures with the data dependency analysis process and rule execution procedure to provide a new approach for addressing consistency among concurrent processes that access shared data. We present the recovery algorithm and also discuss our results with simulation and evaluation of the concurrent process recovery algorithm.
Surgical specialization and operative mortality in hepato-pancreatico-biliary (HPB) surgery.

Introduction Surgeon specialization has been shown to result in improved outcomes but may not be the sole measure of surgical quality in hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) surgery. We attempted to determine which factors predominate in optimal patient outcomes between volume, surgeon, and hospital resources.
Physician Perception of Body Habitus May be Impacted by the Prevelance of Obesity

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: to recognize the effect that the high prevalence of obesity may have on physician perception of patient body habitus While the prevalence of obesity is approximately 30% nationally, a survey of patients in our internal medicine (IM) clinic found a 50% prevalence based on a body mass index (BMI)>30kg/m 2 . A subsequent study revealed that physicians (MDs) infrequently documented obesity as a problem and rarely offered intervention. We hypothesized that with so many obese patients MDs may be failing to recognize the problem due to an altered perception of a "normal" body habitus. Patient visits to the IM clinic were randomly sampled. During the patient encounter, the MD was given a scale of human figures ranging from very thin to very obese and asked to assign a rating for their patient (body image score). They were then asked to choose a descriptor from a six word menu (cachectic, slender, normal, overweight, obese, morbidly obese) for the patient. Height and weight data from the clinic note were used to calculate the BMI. The body image score was derived by measuring the mark on the line beneath the figures to the nearest 0.25 inch. Data were obtained from 322 patient visits over a four month period. The mean BMI was 31.13 (range of 15.1 to 62.5) kg/m 2 ; 51% of patients had a BMI >30kg/m 2 . The descriptor and body image score were compared to the patient's BMI. Only 3 patients with a BMI 2 were classified as obese. In contrast, 36% of patients with a BMI of >30kg/m 2 were labeled as slender, normal or overweight. Distribution of body image scores showed a wide range of BMI for each body image, with a trend toward selecting a slimmer body form than justified by the BMI. Limited attention to obesity may be caused by an altered perception of the parameters of a normal body habitus. The trend toward underclassification of obesity by both body image score and descriptor vs. BMI supports this hypothesis.
Connecting Research to Practice: Viewing Data Utilization Through the Lens of Professional Development

Guss, Norris, Horm, Monroe, and Wolfe (this issue) describe valuable lessons about how to support programs to utilize data from classroom observations for quality improvement. The authors draw upon...
Viroid Pathogenicity: One Process, Many Faces

Despite the non-coding nature of their small RNA genomes, the visible symptoms of viroid infection resemble those associated with many plant virus diseases. Recent evidence indicates that viroid-derived small RNAs acting through host RNA silencing pathways play a key role in viroid pathogenicity. Host responses to viroid infection are complex, involving signaling cascades containing host-encoded protein kinases and crosstalk between hormonal and defense-signaling pathways. Studies of viroid-host interaction in the context of entire biochemical or developmental pathways are just beginning, and many working hypotheses have yet to be critically tested.
The influence of some hormonal substances on the nitrogen balance and clinical state of elderly patients.

OUR early studies (1, 2, 3) on protein metabolism and nitrogen balance in elderly individuals have indicated that they are in less stable equilibrium than are young adults. Elderly subjects require a relatively larger amount of protein to maintain nitrogen balance and this balance is more readily disturbed by physiologic stress. It has also been found that when the balance is disturbed, a longer period of time is required to reestablish equilibrium. We have recently indicated (4) that it is not always possible to obtain a satisfactory protein intake in elderly individuals. The use of proteincontaining foods such as meat, eggs and milk to secure a higher protein intake, may be difficult. Patients may not tolerate the higher protein diet for the required length of time. We found, in fact, that in some instances attempts to increase the protein intake markedly, actually resulted in a decrease in the amount of total protein consumed. An alternative to increasing the protein consumption was to find a means of ...
Classic and Modern Propaganda in Documentary Film: Teaching the Psychology of Persuasion:

Primary source material found in documentary film has the potential to richly inform college teaching. This article describes using 2 historically significant documentary-style films to teach conce...
The flow of the N-body problem near a simultaneous-binary-collision singularity and integrals of motion on the collision manifold

We study the flow for the N-body problem near a simultaneous-binarycollision singularity. We blow up the singularity to an invariant collision manifold. We show the existence of integrals of motion on the collision manifold. We integrate the flow on the collision manifold explicitly in terms of elementary functions. We give a complete description of the flow near the singularity.
Modeling and characterization of stiffness controlled robotic legs using dielectric elastomers

A new robotic leg design is presented that utilizes dielectric elastomers (3M VHB 4910) to rapidly control stiffness changes for enhanced mobility and agility of a field demonstrated hexapod robot. A set of electromechanical test are utilized to obtain up to 92% reduction in stiffness that is controlled by an electric field. The results are compared to a finite deformation membrane finite element model to understand and improve field driven stiffness changes for real-time robotic applications.
Design, synthesis and applications of lanthanide macrocyclic complexes☆

Abstract Several series of macrocyclic complexes containing a lanthanide(III) ion bound into an 18-atom, six-nitrogen-donor cavity have been synthesized and characterized by chemical analysis, X-ray crystallography and a variety of spectral methods. The macrocyclic entities are inert in solution to release of the metal ion, even in the presence of acids, bases and competing ligands. In contrast, exocyclic ligands are easily exchanged.
Inertial oscillations of tidal period

Horizontal inertial currents rotating (clockwise in the northern hemisphere) with period 12 hr/sin (latitude) are commonly observed in the sea. MUN~ and PHILLIPS (1968) explain these motions as a field of low-frequency gravity waves whose meridional group velocity vanishes near their "inertial latitudes" + arc sin (12 hr/wave period) on account of the rotation and sphericity of the earth. We shall adopt Munk and Phillips' designation of these waves as "planetary-gravity" or pg waves. The concentration of energy near the inertial latitudes resulting from either local or global generation of baroclinic pg waves is sufficiently pronounced that a variety of generating mechanisms could cause inertial motions to appear. POLLARD and MILLARD (1970) have calculated the inertial motion generated by variable local winds. We here estimate the diurnal inertial motion generated when tidal energy is scattered into baroclinic pg waves as the barotropic tide passes over bottom roughness (Cox and SANDS~OM, 1962). The predicted horizontal motion is most intense a fraction of a degree equatorward of the diurnal inertial latitudes (30°). It is there of order a few cm/sec. Further equatorward, the horizontal motion decays slowly in an oscillatory manner; poleward it decreases rapidly and monotonically. The primary maximum is about 1⁄2o wide with very small vertical velocity throughout its extent. The vertical structure of the flow resembles that of a high mode baroclinic (internal) pg wave. Wind generation would produce inertial motion at all latitudes in the sea, tidal generation only near 30°N or 30°S (or at very high latitudes). The ubiquity of inertial motion is well established (W~BsTER, 1968), but time series of currents sufficiently long to detect the degree of tidal enhancement of diurnal inertial motion predicted here have not yet been obtained. A representative series of observations is analysed in detail at the conclusion of this paper.
Alongshore variation in the rip current hazard at Pensacola Beach, Florida

Many drowning and near drownings at Pensacola Beach, Florida are attributed to rip currents, the strong seaward-flowing currents that extend from the shoreline to the line of breakers and sometimes beyond. While surf forecasts assume that the rip hazard is uniform alongshore and that the (erosion) rips are ephemeral features, evidence is presented to suggest that the rip hazard at Pensacola Beach is not uniform alongshore. Rather the rip current “hotspots” develop as a consequence of an alongshore variation in the surf similarity parameter and nearshore state on the order of ~1,450 m. The variation is forced by transverse ridges on the inner shelf that force wave refraction and focusing at the ridge crests. This creates a more dissipative, rhythmic bar and beach morphology at the ridges and rougher surf. Between ridges, where wave heights and periods are smaller and the outermost bar is forced closer to the shoreline, the nearshore is in a (more reflective) bar and rip state during red flag conditions. Drownings between 2000 and 2009 are shown to be clustered between transverse ridges and in the years following a hurricane or tropical storm (2000–2003 and 2005–2008) when the bar and rip morphology first develops as the shore face recovers. This continues until the innermost bar attaches to the beach face unless the bar system is reset by another tropical storm or hurricane. It is argued that the rip hazard is dependent on the alongshore covariation of the environmental forcing with the individual and group behavior in both time and space, even on what appears to be a relatively uniform beach environment.
Practical guidelines for the design of menus

Abstract It has been said that the greatest challenge for the future of computers in industrial engineering is not the further development of new systems or new architectures, rather it is the expansion of the usefulness of the powerful tools we already possess. The efficient use of a system or software package is dependent on the non-machine interface. The use of menus has long been viewed as a effective way of implementing this interface. But an inappropriate menu design can obscure useful functions and prevent the user from accessing the full power of a system. This paper discusses such menu features as size, shape, content and organization (layout). Cursor control and the use of texture formatting (highlighting, blinking, etc.) are also covered. A survey of the main principles of menu design as presented in the literature is discussed. This survey is followed by a description of an extensive menu-driven system developed by the authors. How the principles proposed by other researchers were integrated or adapted is discussed; as well as the introduction of new concepts. All this is condensed into a set of practical guidelines for menu designers.
The Virtual Cell : a software environment for computational cell biology

The newly emerging field of computational cell biology requires software tools that address the needs of a broad community of scientists. Cell biological processes are controlled by an interacting set of biochemical and electrophysiological events that are distributed within complex cellular structures. Computational modeling is familiar to researchers in fields such as molecular structure, neurobiology and metabolic pathway engineering, and is rapidly emerging in the area of gene expression. Although some of these established modeling approaches can be adapted to address problems of interest to cell biologists, relatively few software development efforts have been directed at the field as a whole. The Virtual Cell is a computational environment designed for cell biologists as well as for mathematical biologists and bioengineers. It serves to aid the construction of cell biological models and the generation of simulations from them. The system enables the formulation of both compartmental and spatial models, the latter with either idealized or experimentally derived geometries of one, two or three dimensions.
Pathobiology of Left Ventricular Dyssynchrony and Resynchronization

Left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony has recently been recognized as a significant contributor to increased morbidity and mortality in some patients with congestive heart failure. Ventricular dyssynchrony compromises global cardiac mechanical efficiency, induces changes in regional hypertrophy and blood flow, and results in local alterations in myocardial protein expression. Cardiac resynchronization therapy has both immediate and long-term beneficial effects on global cardiac function, and has been shown to reduce both morbidity and mortality in heart failure patients. The effects of resynchronization on the tissue-level and molecular consequences of dyssynchrony remain unknown.
Compatibility of the upper-bound approach and the balance of forces for the treatment of metal-forming processes

Abstract Two upper-bound solutions, by the force-balance method and by kinematically admissible velocity fields, are compared. It is concluded that these two approaches always give identical results when the geometrical configuration of the deformation model remains the same. By detailed calculations for strip drawing and for the friction model, the identity of both approaches has been verified. Other examples from the literature including strip forging and flat-punch indentation have been cited.
High imaging technology and health care expenditures

Health care expenditures constitute a large part of the gross domestic product of the industrialized world and are growing at an alarming rate in some countries, particularly in the United States. Although the expenditures of radiology represented only 3.5% of the total health-care bill in the United States in 1990, the high price of certain high-technology instruments, such as magnetic resonance imagers, attracts attention. Yet, high imaging technology properly used reduces the cost of health care as can be seen from many examples. High imaging technology is non-invasive and often replaces procedures that would require hospitalization. Ethical considerations, such as large expenditures during the last year of life and some inappropriate uses, presently counterbalance the savings that the use of high technology could otherwise offer. By controlling its proper uses, high imaging technology can be a very useful tool.
An experiment in the design of a BASIC interpreter

This paper will describe the advantages and disadvantages of developing a BASIC interpreter written in PASCAL on the Cromemco Cromix, a microcomputer, as opposed to development on the Xerox Sigma9, a mainframe computer. The Cromemco's nonstandard PASCAL features necessitate a comparison between the two system's PASCALs and the effect of their differences on the design of the interpreter.
Efficacy of Oxytetracycline Marking of Fingerling Palmetto Bass in Hard Water

Abstract An oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC) marking study was used to determine an OTC concentration that would successfully mark palmetto bass (male white bass Morone chrysops × female striped bass M. saxatilis) in hard hatchery water (hardness as CaCO3 = 500 mg/L). Outcomes for juvenile palmetto bass immersed for 6 h in 500- and 700-mg/L concentrations of OTC mixed with hard water were compared to determine whether 14-d marking mortality and mark intensity at 14 and 344 d postimmersion differed between immersion concentrations. Sagittal otoliths were examined for marks at 14 d; lapillus otoliths were examined for marks at 344 d. Marking mortality was not detectable after 14 d, but identification and intensity of sagittal otolith marks at 14 d postimmersion were poor for both OTC concentrations. Oxytetracycline marks were identified in 63% (500 mg/L) and 74% (700 mg/L) of the sagittae examined at 14-d postimmersion, whereas marks were found in 87% (500 mg/L) and 95% (700 mg/L) of lapilli examined at ...
The power situation in Japan

After World War II Japan was divided into nine sections each with its power company. In September 1952 a tenth company, controlled by the government, was formed to develop those power projects needed for the country as a whole but which were beyond the means of the individual companies to build. Power from any developed projects will go to one or more of the nine companies to market.
Preservation of olfaction in anterior skull base surgery.

Objectives/Hypothesis In selected unilateral tumors and defects of the anterior skull base, the preservation of contralateral olfaction is achievable through a localized subcranial approach without compromising surgical objectives of resection or repair. Study Design Description of a functional adaptation of anterior skull base surgical techniques through a retrospective patient series. Methods Nine patients underwent anterior skull base surgery for unilateral cribriform plate disease including four malignant and two benign tumors, two encephaloceles, and one iatrogenic cribriform injury with cerebrospinal rhinorrhea. All nine patients consented to a localized subcranial approach to the anterior skull base to preserve the contralateral olfactory nerves. In four patients with benign disease a portion of the ipsilateral nerves was additionally conserved. Postoperative olfaction was assessed objectively with a commercially available smell test. Indications, technique, results, and complications are reported and discussed. Results All patients had eradication of disease with preservation of functional olfaction Conclusions Conservation of olfaction is possible in selected cases of anterior skull base surgery when the lesion is unilaterally confined.
ATP-dependent phosphorylation of serine-46 in the phosphocarrier protein HPr regulates lactose/H+ symport in Lactobacillus brevis.

Abstract Lactobacillus brevis takes up lactose and the nonmetabolizable lactose analogue thiomethyl beta-galactoside (TMG) by a permease-catalyzed lactose/H+ symport mechanism. Earlier studies have shown that TMG, previously accumulated in L. brevis cells, rapidly effluxes from the cells upon addition of glucose, and that glucose inhibits further uptake of TMG. We have developed a vesicular system to analyze this regulatory mechanism and have used electroporation to shock proteins and membrane-impermeant metabolites into the vesicles. Uptake of TMG was dependent on an energy source, effectively provided by intravesicular ATP or extravesicular arginine. TMG uptake into these vesicles was not inhibited, and preaccumulated TMG did not efflux from them upon addition of glucose. Intravesicular but not extravesicular wild-type phosphocarrier protein HPr of Bacillus subtilis restored regulation. Glucose could be replaced by intravesicular (but not extravesicular) fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, gluconate 6-phosphate, or 2-phosphoglycerate, but not by other phosphorylated metabolites, in agreement with the allosteric activating effects of these compounds on HPr(Ser) kinase measured in vitro. Intravesicular serine-46-->alanine mutant HPr cold not promote regulation of lactose permease activity when electroporated into the vesicles with or without glucose or the various phosphorylated metabolites, but the serine-46-->aspartate mutant HPr promoted regulation, even in the absence of glucose or a metabolite. HPr(Ser-P) appears to convert the lactose/H+ symporter into a sugar uniporter. These results establish that HPr serine phosphorylation by the ATP-dependent metabolite-activated HPr kinase regulates lactose permease activity in L. brevis. A direct allosteric mechanism is proposed.
Mental Effort and Elaboration: A Developmental Analysis.

Abstract Dual-task procedures—finger tapping and associative memory—were used to examine developmental differences in the amount of mental effort required to deploy rehearsal and elaboration. Sixth- and college-grade subjects participated. Subjects performed the strategies aloud in Experiment 1 vs silently in Experiment 2. Recall results showed the superiority of elaboration over rehearsal in associative memory. Mental effort estimates were based on the amount of finger-tapping interference produced by concurrent memory strategy activity. Evidence for a developmental difference in mental effort was found only in the second experiment. A significant age-by-condition interaction indicated a small age-related increase in the effort required to use rehearsal, accompanied by a much larger developmental decline in the elaboration effort.
Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory: I & II

The theoretical grounds for the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) are noted, as are the purposes and features of the inventory. Specified also are the rationale and procedures for constructing the component scales. Both uses and limitations of the instrument are recorded. Steps to be followed in making configural interpretations are recommended. Also reported are results of evaluative research. These point to the general soundness of the MCMI as a clinical tool, as well to areas where ongoing studies may further strengthen its utility in the counseling context.
SeaWiFS Long-Term Solar Diffuser Reflectance Trend Analysis

ABSTRACT The NASA Ocean Biology Processing Groups Calibration and Validation (Cal/Val) Team implemented dailysolar calibrations of SeaWiFS to look for step-function changes in the instrument response and has used thesecalibrations to supplement the monthly lunar calibrations in monitoring the radiometric stability of SeaWiFSduring its rst year of on-orbit operations. The Team has undertaken an analysis of the mission-long solarcalibration time series, with the lunar-derived radiometric corrections over time applied, to assess the long-termdegradation of the solar diuser reectance over nine years on orbit. The SeaWiFS diuser is an aluminumplate coated with YB71 paint. The bidirectional reectance distribution function of the diuser was not fullycharacterized before launch, so the Cal/Val Team has implemented a regression of the solar incidence angles andthe drift in the node of the satellites o rbit against the diuser time series to correct for solar incidence angleeects. An exponential function with a time constant of 200 days yields the best t to the diuser time series.The decrease in diuser reectance ov er the mission is wavelength-dependent, ranging from 9% in the blue (412nm) to 5% in the red and near infrared (670 865 nm). The degradation of diu ser reectance is similar to thatobserved for SeaWiFS radiometric response itself from lunar calibration time series for bands 1 5 (412 555 nm),though the magnitude of the change is four times larger for the diu ser. Evidently, the same optical degradationprocess has aected both the telescope optics and the so lar diuser in the blue and green. The Cal/Val Team hasdeveloped a methodology for computing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for SeaWiFS on orbit from the diu sertime series. The on-orbit change in the SNR for each band over the nine-year mission is less than 7%. Theon-orbit performance of the SeaWiFS solar diu ser should oe r insight into the long-term on-orbit performanceof solar diusers on other instruments, such as MODIS, VIIRS, and ABI.Keywords: SeaWiFS, ocean color, calibration, solar diu ser, signal-to-noise ratio
Memory distortion and sexual trauma: the problem of false negatives and false positives

Logically, two broad types of mnemonic errors are possible when adult psychotherapy or hypnosis patients reflect on whether they were sexually abused or not as a child. They may believe that they were not abused when in fact they were (false negative error), or they may believe they were abused when in fact they were not (false positive error). The author briefly reviews the empirical evidence for the occurrence of each of these types of errors, and illustrates each with a clinical case. Further, in considering the incidence, importance, and clinical implications of these errors, the author contends that clinical efficacy in no way assures that a false negative or a false positive has been avoided. A plea is made for theorists and researchers to acknowledge that both categories of errors can occur and to conduct future clinical and laboratory research accordingly.