cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developmental toxicity of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in the rat and hamster

Abstract In mature animals the acute toxicity of 2,3,7,8-TCDD exhibits marked interspecies variability. The developmental toxicity of 2,3,7,8-TCDD was assessed in the rat and hamster to investigate potential interspecies variability in the embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of TCDD. Although there are species differences in the expression of fetal toxicity, the results suggest that the toxic potency of TCDD is similar in the developing rat and hamster.
Evaluating Whole School Improvement Models: Creating Meaningful and Reasonable Standards of Review

In consultation with experts in the fields of education research and whole school improvement, researchers at the Comprehensive School Reform Quality (CSRQ) Center created a framework for evaluating the scientific rigor of research studies that report on the efficacy of whole school improvement models. In this paper, the authors begin with a brief introduction to the challenges of developing standards of acceptable research practices and establishing a method of review that enables cross-program comparisons. The authors discuss CSRQ Center standards in reference to six primary areas of review: design, assessment, implementation, sampling, timing, and data analysis. Each standard is presented and the empirical rationale for evaluation criteria is explored. The authors conclude by presenting guidelines for researchers who report on the outcomes of evaluations of whole school improvement models. This discussion highlights the importance of ongoing conversation about the nature of evidence and components of r...
Primary squamous cell carcinoma arising at a gastrostomy tube site

Gastrostomy tubes are commonly used in children with feeding impairment. Postoperative complications such as the formation of granulation tissue are common and represent a type of chronic nonhealing wound. We present a case of a 24-year-old man with no history of malignancy who developed a primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma at a long-term gastrostomy tube site.
Symbolic representation for a class of unimodal cycles

Abstract A class of unimodal cycles is described, for which every cycle in the class is forced by every unimodal cycle not in the class. Each cycle in the class is assigned a unique symbolic representation as a finite string of H 's and L 's. A natural process of stacking domino-like blocks is given that constructs all cycles in this class. An algorithm is given to determine when a finite string of H 's and L 's is the symbolic representation for a cycle in the class.
Judging Necessity Democracy and Extra-legalism

This article probes the relationship among constitutionalism, extra-legal prerogative power, and citizen judgment. While much has been written about the nature of Lockean prerogative, and while his...
A Strong Regenerative Ability of Cardiac Stem Cells Derived From Neonatal Hearts

Background—Human cardiac stem cells (CSCs) promote myocardial regeneration in adult ischemic myocardium. The regenerative capacity of CSCs in very young patients with nonischemic congenital heart defects has not been explored. We hypothesized that isolated neonatal-derived CSCs may have a higher regenerative ability than adult-derived CSCs and might address the structural deficiencies of congenital heart disease. Methods and Results—Human specimens were obtained during routine cardiac surgical procedures from right atrial appendage tissue discarded from 2 age groups: neonates and adults patients. We developed a reproducible isolation method that generated cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs), regardless of starting tissue weight or age. Neonatal-derived CDCs demonstrated increased number of cardiac progenitor cells expressing c-kit+, flk-1, and Islet-1 by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. When transplanted into infarcted myocardium, neonatal-derived CDCs had a significantly higher ability to preserve my...
Plastic deformation of crystalline polymers

Under uniaxial tensile load, the plastic deformation of unoriented crystalline polymers first transforms the lamellae into a fibrous structure. Usually the drawing is inhomogeneous with a neck propagating through the sample. The higher the draw ratio, the higher the axial elastic modulus as a consequence of the larger fraction of taut tie molecules in amorphous layers connecting the crystalline blocks of each microfibril. As a consequence of the almost 1/(1 − α) times higher strain of amorphous layers under tensile load, the taut tie molecules are much more strained than the chains in crystal blocks. Hence, their contribution to elastic modulus is substantially higher than one would guess from their fraction β. This is more so in polyethylene with higher crystallinity (α = 0.8) than in nylon 6 with low crystallinity (α = 0.5). Even for the highest modulus polyethylene E = 70 GPa ∼ 0.3 × Ec, one needs less than 7.5 percent of taut tie molecules. The plastic deformation of the fibrous structure markedly enhances the number of interfibrillar tie molecules in nylon 6 and to a lesser extent in polyethylene and polypropylene. Homogeneous drawing without a neck transforms the whole sample into a fibrous structure rather uniformly so that for a long while one has the lamellar and fibrillar morphology side by side. The end effect on the structure obtained does not differ appreciably from inhomogeneous drawing with neck propagation. The drawing of polymers with a liquid crystal structure yields a highly aligned fibrous structure with very few chain folds and an exceptionally high elastic modulus and strength. But the axial connection of individual highly oriented and ordered domains is affected by a relatively small fiaction of tie molecules, and this is responsible for reduction of the elastic modulus below the value of the ideal crystal lattice.
Uncharted territory: Speculations on some positive effects of desegregation on white students

On the basis of analysis of the desegregation of one particular school, this paper has suggested some ways in which desegregation may be beneficial to white students. This analysis suggests that under certain circumstances desegregation can lead to beneficial changes in the school programs available, as well as to an increase in the utilization of outside resources which more than offsets additional costs linked to the desegregation process. Further, experiences in desegregated classrooms may also lead to some reduction in the almost automatic unreasoning fear many white children have of blacks, was well as helping whites develop the ability to work effectively with out-group members. The purpose of this analysis is not to argue that desegregation must go forwardbecause it helps whites or even that the benefits of desegregation always outweigh the costs for individual students, black or white. Rather, my aim has been to explore some previously uncharted territory and to suggest some hypothesis that further research can explore more fully.
Using ScanMatch scores to understand differences in eye movements between correct and incorrect solvers on physics problems

Using a ScanMatch algorithm we investigate scan path differences between subjects who answer physics problems correctly and incorrectly. This algorithm bins a saccade sequence spatially and temporally, recodes this information to create a sequence of letters representing fixation location, duration and order, and compares two sequences to generate a similarity score. We recorded eye movements of 24 individuals on six physics problems containing diagrams with areas consistent with a novice-like response and areas of high perceptual salience. We calculated average ScanMatch similarity scores comparing correct solvers to one another (C-C), incorrect solvers to one another (I-I), and correct solvers to incorrect solvers (C-I). We found statistically significant differences between the C-C and I-I comparisons on only one of the problems. This seems to imply that top down processes relying on incorrect domain knowledge, rather than bottom up processes driven by perceptual salience, determine the eye movements of incorrect solvers.
Cloning of cyclooxygenase-1b (putative COX-3) in mouse.

To clone and sequence cyclooxygenase-1b (COX-1b, also known as COX-3) mRNA and to generate an antibody against the mouse COX-1b protein and to demonstrate its existence in vivo in mouse tissues. 10 C57BL/6 mice, 4 COX-1 knockout mice and 4 COX-1 wild type mice were used. COX-1b mRNA sequence was determined by RT-PCR amplification using specific primers followed by DNA sequencing. COX-1b protein expression was determined by Western blotting. The mouse COX-1b mRNA is a splice variant of the COX-1 mRNA generated by the retention of intron-1. COX-1b mRNA encodes a 127 amino acid protein with no similarity with known COX sequences. We generated an anti-mouse COX-1b antibody and demonstrated the existence of COX-1b protein in vivo with the highest expression in kidney, heart, and neuronal tissues. We also detected COX-1b mRNA and protein expression in COX-1 knockout mice. In mouse, COX-1b encodes a protein with a completely different amino acid sequence than COX-1 or COX-2; therefore it is improbable that COX-1b in this species plays a role in prostaglandin-mediated fever and pain. In addition, the COX-1−/− mouse is not a COX-1b−/− mouse, therefore it cannot be used to elucidate the function of the COX-1b protein.
THE EFFECT OF LEFT VENTRICULAR SENSING ELECTRODE POSITION ON ELECTRICAL DELAY IN CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY

Positioning left ventricular leads by anatomic guidance only has little effect on cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) outcomes with the exception of worse responses in apical locations. However, pacing at sites of electrical or mechanical delay is associated with better outcomes. The advent of
Artificial Steering Feel Design for Steer-By-Wire Vehicles

Abstract Drivers use steering feel to obtain information about the road and tire dynamics that aids them in driving tasks like curve negotiation. Steer-by-wire vehicles, due to the mechanical decoupling of the front tires and handwheel, do not have any inherent steering feel and, as a result, drivers lose this important source of driving feedback. Creating an artificial steering feel in these vehicles allows the driver to continue to access this useful information. This paper proposes using a simple vehicle model simulation to design a realistic artificial steering feel. Conventional steering feel performance measures are used to evaluate and tune an artificial steering feel to obtain desired characteristics. A steer-by-wire vehicle performing a dynamic weave test is used to obtain experimental performance measures for this designed feel and a comparison is made with the simulated performance measures to verify the validity of the simple model simulation design technique proposed.
UNEXPLAINED HEMATURIA: HISTOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS IN 61 CHILDREN

Percutaneous renal biopsies were performed in 61 non-uremic children between 1963 and 1982 for unexplained hematuria. In 26 biopsies, only attenuation of the lamina densa of the glomerular capillary wall (BM) was found by electron microscopy (EM), a finding consistent with BM nephropathy. Of these 26 children, 16 had microscopic hematuria (MH) found on routine urinalysis and 10 had gross hematuria (GH) (7 associated with fever or physical exercise, 3 with no associated event). In 18 biopsies, findings diagnostic of IgA nephropathy were present. Of these 18 children, 12 had GH (5 with fever or phsyical activity and 7 without associated event). In the last group of 17 biopsies, no specific diagnostic findings were present, the biopsies being either normal (12 cases) or showing only mino non-specific glomerular alterations (5 cases). Of these 17 children, 10 had MH and 7 GH, all without associated event. Conclusion: The renal biopsy is diagnostic in 72.1% of children with unexplained hematuria.
Absorption of diazepam and lorazepam following intranasal administration

Abstract The absorption characteristics of diazepam and lorazepam following intranasal administration were determined in order to assess the suitability of this approach for the treatment of status epilepticus in children. Due to the limited aqueous solubility of these drugs, a series of non-ionic surfactants were evaluated for drug solubility and nasal irritation. Cremophor EL (Blagden, U.K.) was selected as the least irritating. The diazepam and lorazepam studies were carried out in 2 and 4 healthy adults, respectively, in cross-over fashion. Diazepam was found to be 84% and 72% absorbed in the two subjects, peak concentration following nasal administration was observed at approximately 1 h and was approximately 27% of that following i.v. administration Lorazepam bioavailability ranged from 35% to 63%, peak time from 0.5 to 4 h, and peak concentration from 33% to 94% that following i.v. administration (even though the i.v. dose of lorazepam was 1 2 the intranasal dose). Although both drugs are absorbed following intranasal application, this route of administration would appear to have limited potential for the acute treatment of seizures.
Estimating dual-scale properties of glossy surfaces from step-edge lighting

This paper introduces a rapid appearance capture method suited for a variety of common indoor surfaces, in which a single photograph of the reflection of a step edge is used to estimate both a BRDF and a statistical model for visible surface geometry, or mesostructure. It is applicable to surfaces with statistically stationary variation in surface height, even when these variations are large enough to produce visible texture in the image. Results are shown from a prototype system using a separate camera and LCD, demonstrating good visual matches for a range of man-made indoor materials.
A light scattering method for qualitatively monitoring aggregation rates in macromolecular systems

Abstract This paper suggests an alternative light scattering procedure for qualitative assessment of aggregation rates in aggregating macromolecular systems. The procedure is based on the light scattering behavior of particles as their size becomes comparable to the wavelength of the incident light. The experimental results discussed demonstrate that this procedure is feasible for macromolecular systems whose constituents begin aggregation with a maximum size in the Rayleigh regime.
Yeast actin filaments display ATP-dependent sliding movement over surfaces coated with rabbit muscle myosin.

Abstract The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used to study the function of components of the actin cytoskeleton in vivo, mainly because it is easy to derive and characterize mutations affecting these proteins. In contrast, biochemical studies have generally used proteins derived from higher eukaryotes. We have devised a simple procedure to prepare, in high yield, homogeneous native actin from wild-type and act1 mutant yeast. Using intensified video fluorescence microscopy, we found that actin filaments polymerized from these preparations exhibit ATP-dependent sliding movement over surfaces coated with rabbit skeletal muscle myosin. The rates of sliding movement of the wild-type and mutant yeast actins were each about half that of rabbit skeletal muscle actin under similar conditions. We conclude that over the large evolutionary distance between yeast and mammals there has been significant conservation of actin function, specifically the ability to be moved by interaction with myosin.
Strangeness and hadronization from a quark-gluon plasma☆

Abstract From a phenomenological equation of state, the role of strangeness in the hadronizing QGP is studied. Even though strangeness abundance of the QGP is similar to that of an equilibrium hadron gas, the characteristic change in the slope of energy spectra of K + and K − mesons can serve as a signature of QGP.
Contact detection algorithms for three-dimensional ellipsoids in discrete element modelling

Using arrays of ellipsoidal particles in the Discrete Element Method (DEM) is one of the means to enhance simulations of granular materials. A major challenge in implementing ellipsoidal element to DEM is the development of an efficient and stable contact detection algorithm in order to properly detect contact formation and compute contact forces on the elements. In view of the current available methods in two-dimensional (2D) condition, two different contact detection algorithms for ellipsoidal particles in 3D modelling are identified. Their accuracy and efficiency are compared and the results favour the algorithm based on the geometric potential concept. This algorithm has been implemented in the recently developed DEM code ELLIPSE3D.
Individual differences in everyday retrospective memory failures

Abstract The present study examined individual differences in everyday retrospective memory failures. Undergraduate students completed various cognitive ability measures in the laboratory and recorded everyday retrospective memory failures in a diary over the course of a week. The majority of memory failures were forgetting information pertaining to exams and homework, forgetting names, and forgetting login and ID information. Using latent variable techniques the results also suggested that individual differences in working memory capacity and retrospective memory were related to some but not all everyday memory failures. Furthermore, everyday memory failures predicted SAT scores and partially accounted for the relation between cognitive abilities and SAT scores. These results provide important evidence for individual differences in everyday retrospective memory failures as well as important evidence for the ecological validity of laboratory measures of working memory capacity and retrospective memory.
Variation of tube diameter and film thickness of capillary columns

This paper briefly surveys three important considerations related to the tube diameter and film thickness. These are the interrelationship of these two parameters through the phase ratio, the different meanings of the term “efficiency”, and the influence of film thickness and tube diameter on sample capacity. Comparative examples are given for columns having different diameters and film thicknesses.
Cephalosporinase Activity in Bacteroides fragilis

Cephalosporinase activity was demonstrated in all of 10 strains of Bacteroides fragilis investigated. Low rates of hydrolysis of cephalosporins (0.25 to 3.5 mumol of cephaloridine per h per 10(9) cells) were found, but no activity against penicillin substrates was detected. In two strains the cephalosporinase activity was increased 40-and 80-fold by growing cells in the presence of penicillin. No permeability barrier for these antibiotics was demonstrated. In most cases the substrate profile showed decreasing activity in the following order: cephaloridine > cephalothin > cephaloglycin > cephalexin. The cephalosporinase from these organisms differed from that found in facultative and aerobic gram-negative bacilli in that it was inhibited by both cloxacillin and p-chloromercuribenzoate. Among nine strains of Bacteroides fragilis subspecies fragilis, correlation was found between in vitro resistance to cephaloridine and amount of beta-lactamase activity in sonically disrupted cells.
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Stomatogenesis Accompanying Conjugation in Euplotes aediculatus

SYNOPSIS. The succession of morphologic changes in the feeding apparatus (peristome) accompanying conjugation and postconjugant development in the hypotrich Euplotes aediculatus has been examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The details of stomatogenesis inferred from earlier light-microscopic studies of silver-stained preparations have been confirmed and extended. The elaborate peristome is the dominant surface feature of vegetative Euplotes. In conjugation, the ciliates are joined in their peristomial regions; as the conjugants separate, the old feeding apparatus is seen to be disrupted and partially resorbed. In its place is the crescent-shaped primordium of a new peristome, which develops as part of a general cortical reorganization. This primordium expands anteriorly, unfurling a new crown of ciliary membranelles that soon replaces the remaining preconjugant membranellar band. The resulting “exconjugant peristome'’is characterized by a greatly reduced number of adoral membranelles and the absence of paroral membranelles, buccal cavity, and cytostome. Exconjugants thus cannot feed for 2–3 days, until the missing peristomial components are replaced. This occurs by means of a 2nd cortical reorganization, during which new membranelles, developing from another peristomial rudiment, are added directly to the abbreviated exconjugant set. A new buccal cavity is concurrently sculpted as the primordial depression enlarges, and the cells can resume feeding sometime during the 4th day after separation. The implications of this mode of stomatogenesis and the nonfeeding condition are discussed, as are the advantages of SEM for studies of ciliate morphogenesis.
Direct optical injection locking of InP-based MODFET and GaAs-based HBT oscillators

We have investigated direct optical injection locking and tuning of high frequency oscillators made with GaAs/AlGaAs Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (HBT's) and 0.25 /spl mu/m gate InGaAs/InAlAs Modulation Doped Field Effect Transistors (MODFET's). We have developed an HBT technology using transparent indium-tin-oxide (ITO) emitter contacts for convenient optical access. Optical injection locking and tuning experiments have been performed on 6 GHz microwave oscillators made with the HBT's. Locking ranges up to 2.5 MHz and tuning ranges up to 25 MHz have been measured with the injection of the optical RF power at 30 dB below the oscillator power level. Similarly, direct subharmonic optical injection locking at 10 and 19 GHz has been achieved with the MMIC InGaAs/InAlAs MODFET oscillators. >
Integration of single-mode photonic crystal waveguides to monolithic MMW subsystems constructed using ceramic stereolithography

Photonic crystal clad dielectric waveguides are well suited to both the ceramic stereolithography process and for the requirements of an all-dielectric transmission line. This paper presents the integration of single-mode photonic crystal waveguides to monolithic millimeter wave subsystems constructed using ceramic stereolithography.
On state estimation for linear discrete-time systems with unknown noise covariances

A combined detection-estimation scheme for the estimation of the state of a linear discrete-time system with unknown noise covariances is considered. It is a heuristic extension of the standard minimax scheme to the case when multiple bounds on the unknown parameters are available. The convergence of the scheme is discussed and an example is considered for illustration.
Erratum to: Experimental and theoretical studies of nanofluid thermal conductivity enhancement: a review

Correction to Kleinstreuer C, Feng Y: Experimental and theoretical studies of nanofluid thermal conductivity enhancement: a review. Nanoscale Research Letters 2011, 6:229.
Polychronization: Computation with Spikes

We present a minimal spiking network that can polychronize, that is, exhibit reproducible time-locked but not synchronous firing patterns with millisecond precision, as in synfire braids. The network consists of cortical spiking neurons with axonal conduction delays and spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP); a ready-to-use MATLAB code is included. It exhibits sleeplike oscillations, gamma (40 Hz) rhythms, conversion of firing rates to spike timings, and other interesting regimes. Due to the interplay between the delays and STDP, the spiking neurons spontaneously self-organize into groups and generate patterns of stereotypical polychronous activity. To our surprise, the number of coexisting polychronous groups far exceeds the number of neurons in the network, resulting in an unprecedented memory capacity of the system. We speculate on the significance of polychrony to the theory of neuronal group selection (TNGS, neural Darwinism), cognitive neural computations, binding and gamma rhythm, mechanisms of attention, and consciousness as "attention to memories."
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mob2p–Cbk1p kinase complex promotes polarized growth and acts with the mitotic exit network to facilitate daughter cell–specific localization of Ace2p transcription factor

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitotic exit network (MEN) is a conserved signaling network that coordinates events associated with the M to G1 transition. We investigated the function of two S. cerevisiae proteins related to the MEN proteins Mob1p and Dbf2p kinase. Previous work indicates that cells lacking the Dbf2p-related protein Cbk1p fail to sustain polarized growth during early bud morphogenesis and mating projection formation (Bidlingmaier, S., E.L. Weiss, C. Seidel, D.G. Drubin, and M. Snyder. 2001. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21:2449-2462). Cbk1p is also required for Ace2p-dependent transcription of genes involved in mother/daughter separation after cytokinesis. Here we show that the Mob1p-related protein Mob2p physically associates with Cbk1p kinase throughout the cell cycle and is required for full Cbk1p kinase activity, which is periodically activated during polarized growth and mitosis. Both Mob2p and Cbk1p localize interdependently to the bud cortex during polarized growth and to the bud neck and daughter cell nucleus during late mitosis. We found that Ace2p is restricted to daughter cell nuclei via a novel mechanism requiring Mob2p, Cbk1p, and a functional nuclear export pathway. Furthermore, nuclear localization of Mob2p and Ace2p does not occur in mob1-77 or cdc14-1 mutants, which are defective in MEN signaling, even when cell cycle arrest is bypassed. Collectively, these data indicate that Mob2p-Cbk1p functions to (a) maintain polarized cell growth, (b) prevent the nuclear export of Ace2p from the daughter cell nucleus after mitotic exit, and (c) coordinate Ace2p-dependent transcription with MEN activation. These findings may implicate related proteins in linking the regulation of cell morphology and cell cycle transitions with cell fate determination and development.
Polymeric Nanomedicines Based on Poly(lactide) and Poly(lactide-co-glycolide).

Small molecule chemotherapeutics often have undesired physiochemical and pharmacological properties, such as low solubility, severe side effect and narrow therapeutic index. To address these challenges, polymeric nanomedicine drug delivery technology has been routinely employed, in particular with the use of biodegradable and biocompatible polyesters, such as poly(lactide) (PLA) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA). Here we review the development and use of PLA and PLGA for the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents in the forms of polymer–drug conjugates and nanoconjugates.
Multicentric Cutaneous Neuroendocrine (Merkel Cell) Carcinoma in a Dog

Multicentric cutaneous neuroendocrine (Merkel cell) carcinoma was diagnosed in a 5-year-old castrated male Keeshond dog with multiple firm nodular cutaneous masses. The neoplastic tissue locally effaced the periadnexal and deep dermis and consisted of densely cellular confluent clusters of round to polygonal cells supported by a delicate fibrovascular stroma. The cells were moderately immunoreactive with chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and cytokeratin. Ultrastructurally, the cells had characteristic membrane-bound dense-core neuroendocrine granules approximately 120 nm in diameter and randomly dispersed throughout the cytoplasm. Effacement of dermal structures and multicentric distribution suggested low-grade malignant phenotype. These findings contrast with the typical benign behavior of canine cutaneous neuroendocrine tumors.
The status of internships/cooperative education experiences in accounting education

Abstract Academic and practitioner members of the accounting profession have recognized the contribution internship/cooperative education experiences can make to the student, the institution, and the employing entity. This study was undertaken to determine the status of these experimental learning experiences in undergraduate programs in accounting. The study identified the characteristics of internship/cooperative education programs and the program administrators perceptions of the value of these experiences to students, employers, and accounting programs. The results revealed an increase in internship/cooperative education programs in accounting education. Most programs are fairly young, are for credit only (no letter grade), occur during the junior year, are paid rather than unpaid, and require a written project to be completed by the student. Most programs in accounting do not have full or part time coordinators, most do not require on-site visits, and most share the responsibility for identifying internship sites with students and others.
Urinary Tract Infection

The identification of urinary tract infection (UTI) is important in order to reduce its morbidity, to prevent its sequelae, and to identify underlying disease. This article will discuss methods of diagnosis and management of UTI, screening for UTI, and the importance of further evaluation and follow-up of children with UTIs. Much of what we know about UTI is controversial and rapid generation of new knowledge may make current recommendations passe. CASE V.M., a 4-year-old girl, was brought to the physician9s office with the chief complaint of frequency of urination. Nine months before she had been seen because of frequency and dysuria and two consecutive midstream urine cultures grew >100,000 colonies/ml of a Gramneative rod. Sulfisoxazole was begun and a urine culture was sterile 48 hours after therapy was begun. The dysuria and frequency disappeared; therapy was continued for ten days and a urine culture four days later was sterile. One week later a voiding cystourethrogram (VCU) and an intravenous pyelogram (IVP) were performed and were interpreted as normal. Repeat urine cultures at one, two, three, and six months after the episode were sterile. Two days before the child was seen, she had become irritable and wet the bed during sleep (she had been successfully trained at 27 months of age), and she began to void frequently during the next 24 hours.
Novel nuclear defects in KLP61F-deficient mutants in Drosophila are partially suppressed by loss of Ncd function

KLP61F in Drosophila and other BimC kinesins are essential for spindle bipolarity across species; loss of BimC function generates high frequencies of monopolar spindles. Concomitant loss of Kar3 kinesin function increases the frequency of bipolar spindles although the underlying mechanism is not known. Recent studies raise the question of whether BimC kinesins interact with a non-microtubule spindle matrix rather than spindle microtubules. Here we present cytological evidence that loss of KLP61F function generates novel defects during M-phase in the organization and integrity of the nuclear lamina, an integral component of the nuclear matrix. Larval neuroblasts and spermatocytes of klp61F mutants showed deep involutions in the nuclear lamina extending toward the centrally located centrosomes. Repositioning of centrosomes to form monopolar spindles probably does not cause invaginations as similar invaginations formed in spermatocytes lacking centrosomes entirely. Immunofluorescence microscopy indicated that non-claret disjunctional (Ncd) is a component of the nuclear matrix in somatic cells and spermatocytes. Loss of Ncd function increases the frequency of bipolar spindles in klp61F mutants. Nuclear defects were incompletely suppressed; micronuclei formed near telophase at the poles of bipolar spindle in klp61F ncd spermatocytes. Our results are consistent with a model in which KLP61F prevents Ncd-mediated collapse of a nonmicrotubule matrix derived from the interphase nucleus.
CellProfiler Analyst: data exploration and analysis software for complex image-based screens

Image-based screens can produce hundreds of measured features for each of hundreds of millions of individual cells in a single experiment. Here, we describe CellProfiler Analyst, open-source software for the interactive exploration and analysis of multidimensional data, particularly data from high-throughput, image-based experiments. The system enables interactive data exploration for image-based screens and automated scoring of complex phenotypes that require combinations of multiple measured features per cell.
Cytogenetic analysis of the bipotential murine pre-B cell lymphoma, P388, and its derivative macrophage-like tumor, P388D1, using SKY and CGH

Spectral karyotyping (SKY) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) were used to elucidate the divergent cytogenetic make-up of the prototypical bilineage lymphoblastic pre-B lymphoma, P388, and its progenitor macrophage-like tumor, P388D1. P388 was found to be diploid and genomically stable. P388D1 was triploid, highly unstable and characterized by numerous marker chromosomes (Chrs) and composite rearrangements. The karyotype of P388D1 was so complex that its clonal relatedness to P388 would have remained questionable without confirmation by molecular analysis of the clonotypic immunoglobulin heavy-chain and light-chain gene recombinations that coexisted in both tumors. The intrinsic instability of the P388D1 genome was indicated by the observation that only four out of 42 aberrations uncovered by SKY (in a total of 27 metaphases) occurred consistently (100% incidence), whereas 27 changes occurred non-randomly (27 to 96% incidence) and 11 alterations randomly (4 to 11% incidence). Persistent cytogenetic instability was also observed in P388 ‘macrophages’ after phorbol ester- and ionomycin-induced conversion in vitro of P388 lymphoma cells. The ‘cytogenetic noise’ in these cells was manifested by a multiplicity of sporadic chromosomal aberrations; ie 25 distinct changes were identified by SKY in 40 metaphases. The results in P388D1 and P388 ‘macrophages’ were interpreted to indicate that the myeloid differention program in the bipotential pre-B cell lymphoma P388 is invariably characterized by karyotypic instability. The study presented here demonstrates the power of the combined SKY and CGH approach to resolve complicated karyotypes of important and widely used mouse tumors.
Role of a new cardiac catheterization laboratory in advancing cardiovascular care and outcomes in post-myocardial infarction patients.

InSpain,CVDrepresents the number one cause of death, accounting for almost34% of all mortalities. Within this group, ischemic heart disease isthe leading cause of death in men.These sobering statistics clearly emphasize the critical need tobetterdeﬁneandenactspeciﬁchealthcareplansandapproachestomitigate the consequences of acute myocardial infarction (MI),which represents the most severe—yet eminently treatable—expression of CVD through enhanced patient access to specializedtertiaryservicesand life-savingtechnology.Thereis anabundanceof medical literature to support the important role for the promptand timely diagnosis and management of patients with acute MI,particularly with the advent of primary percutaneous coronaryintervention (PCI) for acute MI and acute coronary syndromes.In this issue of Revista Espan˜ola de Cardiologi´a, the REGICORinvestigators report their single-site clinical experience of out-comes using a longitudinal, comparative analysis before and afterthe establishment of a cardiac catheterization facility.
Inefficient Postural Responses to Unexpected Slips During Walking in Older Adults

BACKGROUND: Slips account for a high percentage of falls and subsequent injuries in community-dwelling older adults but not in young adults. This phenomenon suggests that although active and healthy older adults preserve a mobility level comparable to that of young adults, these older adults may have difficulty generating efficient reactive postural responses when they slip. This study tested the hypothesis that active and healthy older adults use a less effective reactive balance strategy than young adults when experiencing an unexpected forward slip occurring at heel strike during walking. This less effective balance strategy would be manifested by slower and smaller postural responses, altered temporal and spatial organization of the postural responses, and greater upper trunk instability after the slip. METHODS: Thirty-three young adults (age range=19-34 yrs, mean=25+/-4 yrs) and 32 community-dwelling older adults (age range=70-87 yrs, mean=74+/-14 yrs) participated. Subjects walked across a movable forceplate which simulated a forward slip at heel strike. Surface electromyography was recorded from bilateral leg, thigh, hip, and trunk muscles. Kinematic data were collected from the right (perturbed) side of the body. RESULTS: Although the predominant postural muscles and the activation sequence of these muscles were similar between the two age groups, the postural responses of older adults were of longer onset latencies, smaller magnitudes, and longer burst durations compared to young adults. Older adults also showed a longer coactivation duration for the ankle, knee, and trunk agonist/antagonist pairs on the perturbed side and for the knee agonist/antagonist pair on the nonperturbed side. Behaviorally, older adults became less stable after the slips. This was manifested by a higher incidence of being tripped (21 trials in older vs 5 trials in young adults) and a greater trunk hyperextension with respect to young adults. Large arm elevation was frequently used by older adults to assist in maintaining trunk stability. In an attempt to quickly reestablish the base of support after the slips, older adults had an earlier contralateral foot strike and shortened stride length. CONCLUSION: The combination of slower onset and smaller magnitude of postural responses to slips in older adults resulted in an inefficient balance strategy. Older adults needed secondary compensatory adjustments, including a lengthened response duration and the use of the arms, to fully regain balance and prevent a fall. The shorter stride length and earlier contralateral foot strike following the slip indicate use of a more conservative balance strategy in older adults. Language: en
Low-level vision on warp and the apply programming model

In computer vision, the first, and often most time-consuming, step in image processing is image-to-image operations. In this step, an input image is mapped into an output image through some local operation that applies to a window around each pixel of the input image. Algorithms that fall into this class include: edge detection, smoothing, convolutions in general, contrast enhancement, color transformations, and thresholding. Collectively, we call these operations low-level vision. Low-level vision is often time-consuming simply because images are quite large—a typical size is 512 × 512 pixels, so the operation must be applied 262,144 times.
Fruit pit obstruction leading to the diagnosis of Crohn's disease.

A 62-year-old man with a medical history of degenerative joint disease was admitted for evaluation of progressive cramping, right lower quadrant abdominal pain associated with low grade fever, anorexia, emesis, distention, and diminished passage of flatus and feces. His surgical history was significant for a left inguinal hernia repair. On physical examination, the abdomen was soft but distended, with right lower quadrant tenderness. Bowel sounds were present. No rebound tenderness or involuntary guarding was elicited on palpation. Laboratory data were unremarkable. Abdominal radiographs revealed a dilated small bowel with multiple air fluid levels. The patient was admitted with the presumptive diagnosis of partial small bowel obstruction. He underwent abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan Fig. 1, which revealed a well-delineated, ring-like foreign body with surrounding mucosal thickening in the terminal ileum (arrow). Over the next 2 days, the patient’s abdomen remained distended and remarkably tender to palpation. A repeat abdominal CT, performed to determine further progression of this density, was without change. Exploratory laparotomy revealed inflammation and obstruction of the terminal ileum. The resected segment of terminal ileum demonstrated histologic changes consistent with Crohn’s disease and also revealed a 3.4 2.2 1.5 cm plum pit impacted in a highly strictured distal portion of terminal ileum near the ileocecal valve (Fig. 2). During the postoperative period, the patient recalled inadvertently swallowing a plum pit 2 days before admission. He had an uneventful postoperative course and was discharged in stable condition. Fruit pit ingestion is an unusual cause of intestinal obstruction—and even more so in our patient as it led to the discovery of Crohn’s disease. Management of foreign body ingestion has long been conservative, entailing close observation, as most objects pass through the gastrointestinal tract without incident. Intestinal obstruction and perforation are rare but potential complications; however, the patient with intrinsic bowel disease is potentially at a greater risk of
Solar wind pickup of ionized Venus exosphere atoms

Previous calculations of electrostatic and electromagnetic growth rates for plasma instabilities have neglected the thermal spread of the distribution function of the planetary ions. We consider the effects of finite temperatures for exospheric ions borne in the solar wind. Specifically, growth rates are calculated for electromagnetic instabilities in the low-frequency case for Alfven waves and the intermediate frequency case for whistlers. Also, electrostatic growth rates are calculated for the intermediate frequency regime. From these growth rates, estimates are derived for the pickup times of the planetary ions. The electromagnetic instabilities are shown to produce the most rapid pickup. In the situation where the angle between the local Venus magnetic field and the plasma flow direction is small, the pickup times for both electromagnetic and electrostatic instabilities become very long. A possible consequence of this effect is to produce regions of enhanced planetary ion density in favorable Venus magnetic field-solar wind flow geometries.
Low expression of a few genes indicates good prognosis in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer

Many breast cancer patients remain free of distant metastasis even without adjuvant chemotherapy. While standard histopathological tests fail to identify these good prognosis patients with adequate precision, analyses of gene expression patterns in primary tumors have resulted in more successful diagnostic tests. These tests use continuous measurements of the mRNA concentrations of numerous genes to determine a risk of metastasis in lymph node negative breast cancer patients with other clinical traits. A survival model is constructed from genes that are both connected with relapse and have expression patterns that define distinct subtypes, suggestive of different cellular states. This in silico study uses publicly available microarray databases generated with Affymetrix GeneChip technology. The genes in our model, as represented by array probes, have distinctive distributions in a patient cohort, consisting of a large normal component of low expression values; and a long right tail of high expression values. The cutoff between low and high expression of a probe is determined from the distribution using the theory of mixture models. The good prognosis group in our model consists of the samples in the low expression component of multiple genes. Here, we define a novel test for risk of metastasis in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer patients, using four probes that determine distinct subtypes. The good prognosis group in this test, denoted AP4-, consists of the samples with low expression of each of the four probes. Two probes target MKI67, antigen identified by monoclonal antibody Ki-67, one targets CDC6, cell division cycle 6 homolog (S. cerevisiae), and a fourth targets SPAG5, sperm associated antigen 5. The long-term metastasis-free survival probability for samples in AP4- is sufficiently high to render chemotherapy of questionable benefit. A breast cancer subtype defined by low expression of a few genes, using a minimum of statistical modeling, has significant prognostic power. This test is of potential clinical benefit in deciding a course of treatment for early stage breast cancer patients.
Microprobe Laser Mass Spectrometry Studies of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Distributions on Harbor Sediments and Coals

Microprobe two-step laser mass spectrometry (μL 2 MS) was used to assess the distribution and origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on sediment particles dredged from the harbor of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. PAH concen- trations are largely associated with coal-derived particles and other carbonaceous environments. PAH distributions on these coal-derived particles and carbonaceous environments, which are thought to have separate origins, were found to be quite similar. μL 2 MS data of coal and thermally-processed coal showed profound differ- ences from μL 2 MS data obtained from the coal-derived particles in the sediment. The results of these experiments indicate that the coal-derived particles are not the source of PAHs in the sediment but are scavengers of PAH contaminants in the Milwaukee Harbor sediments.
Kid's stuff: The nature and impact of peer and sibling violence on younger and older children

Objective: It is widely presumed that when children are hit by peers or siblings, it is not as serious as similar acts between adults or older youth, which would be termed, “assaults” and “violent crimes”. The goal of this study was to compare the violent peer and sibling episodes of younger children to those of older youth in terms of their seriousness and association with symptoms that might indicate traumatic effects. Method: The study collected reports of past year’s violent victimizations and childhood symptoms in a national probability telephone sample of 2030 children and youth ages 2–17. The experiences of 10–17-year olds were obtained via self-reports and those of the 2–9-year olds from caregivers. Results: The younger children’s peer and sibling victimizations were not less serious than the older youth on the dimensions of injury, being hit with an object that could cause injury or being victimized on multiple occasions. Younger children and older youth also had similar trauma symptom levels associated with both peer and sibling victimization. Conclusion: There was no basis in this study for presuming peer and sibling victimizations to be more benign when they involve younger children. The findings provide justification for being concerned about such peer and sibling violence in schools and families and for counting such victimizations in victimization inventories and clinical assessments.
Knowledge of uterine fibroid symptoms and presentation among African-American women: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE To assess awareness and knowledge of fibroid symptoms and presentation among African-American women. STUDY DESIGN This was a cross-sectional survey study completed by a convenience sample of African-American women attending a community fair. Questions covered demographics, medical history, technology use, and fibroid knowledge. A total of437 surveys were distributed, 320 were returned, and 199 met eligibility criteria. RESULTS Participants' mean age was 48.8 +/- 12.9 years. Of them, 65.8% lacked college degrees and 43.2% had annual household incomes of < $25,000. The prevalence of inadequate health literacy was 14.1%. Most knew that fibroids are more common in African-American women (74.9%), can cause menorrhagia (80.9%), and can increase odds of miscarriage (74.4%). Many thought that fibroids are cancerous (47.2%), increase the risk of heart disease (32.7%), or are diagnosable via blood test (46.2%). Internet usage and education had highest correlations with fibroid awareness. Health literacy status showed no significant correlation with cumulative fibroid knowledge. CONCLUSION African-American women's knowledge of the symptoms of fibroids is intact; however, they are less familiar with the systemic impact of the tumors. Additional research is needed to further assess women's knowledge offibroids and to develop interventions for patient education.