cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Growth Performance and Body Composition of Palmetto Bass Fed Five Levels of Dietary Protein at Two Energy-to-Protein Ratios

Abstract A feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) level and digestible energy-to-protein (DE:P) ratio on the growth performance and body composition of palmetto bass (female striped bass Morone saxatilis × male white bass M. chrysops). Ten soybean-meal-based diets were prepared to contain 30, 35, 40, 45, or 50% CP at DE:P ratios of 33.48 or 41.85 kJ/g CP. The diets contained lyophilized palmetto bass muscle as the sole animal protein source to improve dietary amino acid composition. Wheat middlings and corn grain were the major sources of carbohydrates, and the diets were formulated to meet the known nutritional requirements of palmetto bass. Fish fed 35% or 40% CP at 33.48 or 41.85 kJ/g CP had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) greater weight gains and higher feed efficiency ratios than fish fed the other diets. The protein efficiency ratio (g weight gain/g CP consumed) decreased and visceral fat ([g visceral fat × 100]/g body weight) increased as the dietary protein lev...
Some effects of spin―orbit interaction on rotational levels and rotational line intensities in vibrationally unexcited 2A, 2E, and 2F electronic states of open-shell XY4 molecules

Abstract Rotational energy levels in vibronic ground states of 2A, 2E, and 2F electronic states of open-shell XY4 molecules, as well as rotational line intensities for allowed transitions between such states, are discussed, including the effects of spin-orbit interaction and tetrahedral splittings. Jahn-Teller effects are assumed to be small, and are only taken into account implicitly, through their contributions to various parameters in the effective Hamiltonian. Qualitative information is obtained by considering several limiting-case coupling schemes among the electron spin angular momentum S, the electron orbital angular momentum L, and the pure rotational angular momentum R. These limiting cases are similar in spirit to Hund's coupling cases in diatomic molecules, but differ sufficiently from the latter to make detailed correspondences unhelpful. Quantitative information on rotational energy levels and line intensities is obtained numerically by diagonalizing a Hamiltonian matrix set up in a basis set characterized by uncoupled moleculefixed projections of S, L, and the total angular momentum J, and symmetrized so that all basis set functions belong to a definite species in the subgroup D2d of the true point group Td. Hamiltonian matrix elements are determined by ladder operator techniques. Three sample calculated spectra, corresponding to p( 2 F 2 )-s( 2 A 1 ) , d( 2 E)-p( 2 F 2 ) , and d( 2 F 2 )-p( 2 F 2 ) are presented. As one might expect, when the spin-orbit constant A is set equal to zero, then both qualitative and quantitative aspects of the rotational-electronic problem in open-shell XY4 molecules can be mapped easily onto discussions of the rotation-vibration problem from the CH4 literature.
Do nutraceutics play a role in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide with a 5-year survival of 50%. Current chemotherapeutic regimens used for advanced colorectal cancer provide an average survival of approximately 20 months. Non-toxic agents such as nutraceutics and supplements have been shown to aid in the prevention and adjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer. This article will discuss the epidemiology, progression, prevention, treatment, and recurrence of colorectal cancer and the role of nutraceutics and supplements in the treatment process.
The preparation and electrical properties of NiSexS2−x pyrites

Abstract Crystals of the NiSe x S 2−x pyrite solid solution series were prepared by chemical transport with Cl 2 . With increasing temperature, resistivity increases sharply in compositions with 0.47 ≤ x ≤ 0.54. The transition temperature increases with x from 30K to 100K. Disagreement is found with recently reported polycrystalline data.
Examining the Development of Dispositions for Ambitious Teaching: One Teacher Candidate's Journey

Dispositions are the engine of performance in teaching, linking inner values and commitments with action in the context of practice. This article presents a theoretical conception in conjunction with an individual case study of the process by which dispositions develop and function in teaching. Focusing on teaching that is ambitious both in its intellectual goals and in its concern for the learning and well-being of all children, this article argues that dispositions can be understood as “performances of understanding” that are developed over time, influenced by context, integrated into the array of dimensions of learning to teach and emerge within professional communities. It is based upon a longitudinal research study that tracked two cohorts of 10 beginning teacher candidates through their undergraduate teacher preparation experience.
The development of social organisation in the domestic chick

Abstract 1. 1. Certain behaviour patterns tended to appear in a sequence as escape reactions, frolicking, sparring, aggressive pecking, avoiding re-actions, and fighting. 2. 2. In heterosexual groups of chicks pecking occurred between the sexes with males pecking more often on all chicks and more frequently on the males. The limitation of agonistic behaviour between members of the same sex developed gradually. 3. 3. Males established dominance-subordination relationships, peck-rights, and a peck-order earlier than females. 4. 4. Both males and female chicks treated with gonadal hormones formed peck-rights and a peck-order somewhat earlier than did untreated chicks of the same hatch. Androgenic treatment caused an increase in aggressiveness, whereas oestrogen treated chicks were more submissive than their controls and showed more instances of submission than domination. 5. 5. Capons showed much variability as to the age at which peck-rights were established, many were formed long after their normal controls developed a peck-order. Androgenic treatment of capons reduced the age at which dominance relations were established. 6. 6. Chicks of either sex reared in partial isolation (non-contactual) established a dominance order in a matter of hours when assembled at the age at which group-reared controls formed a peck-order. These results suggest that the age at which peck-rights form is determined essentially by processes of maturation rather than of learning only. The indications are that the development of nervous mechanisms were involved. 7. 7. Androgen treated cockerels reared in partial isolation were assembled at various ages during which group-reared controls were establishing their peck-rights. Isolated cockerels assembled at 31 days of age nearly established a social order within 6 days and much earlier than the controls. Two groups assembled at 41 and 51 days failed to show much advance over group-reared normal cockerels. The indications were that at these ages there was a conflict between aggressive behaviour and newly developed sexual drive which required more time for social adjustments. The sex drive in pullcts appears much later than in cockerels and a similar test with normal pullets (untreated) did not show this conflict resulting from an overlapping in the development of aggressive and sexual behaviour patterns. 8. 8. Social inertia was demonstrated by shifting chicks regularly between partial isolation and a group, and also shifting chicks between two groups. Chicks shifted from group to group carried with them certain behaviour patterns whereas chicks from isolation evoked agonistic behaviour.
Functions and polynomials over Galois rings

Abstract Let R = GR ( p n , m ) denote the Galois ring of order p nm where p is a prime and n, m ≥ 1 are integers. In this paper, the authors derive formulas for the total number of functions from R to itself which can be represented by polynomials over R and they also derive a formula for the number of such permutations of R . These results not only generalize but unify into a single theory, known results for finite fields and the integers mod p n .
Laboratory experiments on the dynamics of the core

Abstract Many innovative laboratory experiments have been used to investigate the fluid dynamics of the Earth’s core. Experiments with liquid metals and non-metals range from turbulence and waves in the outer core to creeping flow in the inner core, and include the effects of rotation (steady and variable), thermal and chemical convection, spherical geometry, magnetic fields, melting and solidification. In this review, the strengths and limitations of laboratory fluid experiments are analyzed by comparing their dynamical similarity with the corresponding geophysical processes in the core. Recent advances in several areas are highlighted, including variable rotation dynamics, convection in liquid metals, the effects of magnetic fields on fluid motions, experimental dynamos, flow in the solid inner core, and metal–silicate interactions during core formation.
Lack of splenic uptake of In-111 pentetreotide due to splenic embolization.

We report an incidental finding of absent splenic uptake of indium-111 pentetreotide in a patient with unresectable pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma, who underwent splenic embolization for bleeding varices, and to debulk a 17.9 by 8.5 cm mass with retroperitoneal extension. Spleen infarction was confirmed on a dedicated contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT).
Mechanism of estrogen action: early transcriptional and translational events.

Abstract This article presents a review of studies concerned with the mechanism by which estrogens stimulate RNA and protein synthesis in target organs. Two model systems are discussed in detail: the rat uterus and the chick oviduct. It appears that the sequence of events is similar in both organs. Based on available evidence, estrogen is bound to a cytoplasmic receptor protein immediately upon entering the cell. This complex subsequently moves into the nucleus where it apparently interacts with specific nonhistone proteins of the chromatin material. This initial interaction results in synthesis of new RNA molecules. These new RNA's are evidently required in the cytoplasm to allow the synthesis of a select complement of new proteins. Some of these proteins may feed back upon the nucleus thus activating the general gene amplification response that results in the overall growth and differentiation of the target organ.
Anti-vascular therapies in ovarian cancer: moving beyond anti-VEGF approaches

Resistance to chemotherapy is among the most important issues in the management of ovarian cancer. Unlike cancer cells, which are heterogeneous as a result of remarkable genetic instability, stromal cells are considered relatively homogeneous. Thus, targeting the tumor microenvironment is an attractive approach for cancer therapy. Arguably, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapies hold great promise, but their efficacy has been modest, likely owing to redundant and complementary angiogenic pathways. Components of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and other pathways may compensate for VEGF blockade and allow angiogenesis to occur despite anti-VEGF treatment. In addition, hypoxia induced by anti-angiogenesis therapy modifies signaling pathways in tumor and stromal cells, which induces resistance to therapy. Because of tumor cell heterogeneity and angiogenic pathway redundancy, combining cytotoxic and targeted therapies or combining therapies targeting different pathways can potentially overcome resistance. Although targeted therapy is showing promise, much more work is needed to maximize its impact, including the discovery of new targets and identification of individuals most likely to benefit from such therapies.
Wordsworth and “the most unhappy man of men”: Sentimentalism and Representation

The concepts of sympathy and sentiment have been vital to critical discussions of the ideals of humanness and social organization that were emerging in the eighteenth-century. How sympathy and sentiment develop out of the family home and become part of national and international projects is a complex story. This essay is concerned with Wordsworth's relationship to sentimental modes of writing, especially the British project of abolitionist writing; with his sonnet “To Toussaint L'Ouverture”; and with how Wordsworth uses poetic techniques as a response to the structure of sentimentalism. Comparing Wordsworth's sonnet with abolitionist sonnets by Southey, I discuss the logic of sentimentalism and its aesthetic qualities. Wordsworth's suspicion of sentimentalism is then put in the context of his analysis of the French Revolution and his critique of the newspaper, a mass culture institution. I then bring this context into an analysis of Wordsworth's use of rhyme in his address to Toussaint, studying the multi...
Medicare's Chronic Care Management Payment — Payment Reform for Primary Care

In 2015, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services will introduce a non–visit-based payment for chronic care management. The new policy reflects an investment in primary care that may contribute to the development of a value-oriented health system.
The Politics of Ritual Rhetoric: A Proposed Sociopolitical Context for the Redaction of Leviticus 1-16

Recent studies have indicated the rhetorical purpose of Leviticus 1-16 as reification for the ritual authority of the Aaronide priesthood. In the present study, it is suggested that the literary shaping of these chapters was a response to external stimuli that threatened the priesthood. After weighing a variety of historical and socio-political contexts in which such a threat might have emerged, the tenure of Nehemiah as governor is considered as an example of the type of competing leadership typology that encroached upon the priesthood, and the rhetorical features of the Nehemiah Memoir are reconsidered in this light. The redaction of Leviticus 1-16 provides a sacral counter argument to administrative agents such as Nehemiah and his supporters, supporting an ideology where national survival was ensured not through interaction with Persia but through the integrity of Temple ritual entrusted solely to the Aaronide priests.
Solar-tracking leaf movements in velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Leaves of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) exhibited solar-tracking movements in several experiments using different cultural conditions near Ames, IA, U.S.A. Freely moving leaves maintained a smaller angle between the normal to the leaf and the sun's rays than did leaves fixed in one position in both greenhouse and field experiments. Freely moving leaves had higher total daily carbon gain, transpiration, and water use efficiency than leaves fixed in a horizontal position. Leaves on different sides of the plant exhibited different abilities to track the sun, with leaves on the north side of the plant least able to track the sun.
Traffic Calming in Public Works Agency Characteristics and Professional Staff Roles

Traffic calming is becoming an important public works traffic management tool for improving neighborhood livability in many U.S. jurisdictions. However, most published works on traffic calming focus on devices used, along with engineering design and standards or financing. In this study, the roles of engineers and planners in the delivery of traffic calming public works projects are examined. To better understand these roles, some characteristics of those public agencies involved with traffic calming are also discussed. Engineers play significant roles in the delivery of traffic calming public works services, from project ranking, design, and public involvement/outreach to project construction. Planners, on the other hand, contribute to such services in only about a third of surveyed jurisdictions, where they spend a substantial amount of their time on citizen involvement. Public agencies should encourage engineers and planners to collaborate in the delivery of traffic calming to maximize staff contributi...
Hobbes's contractarian account of individual responsibility for group actions

L'A. esquisse et evalue la conception contractuelle hobbesienne de la responsabilite individuelle dans des actions de groupe. Le consentement intuitif de cette responsabilite est, selon l'A., erronee. Il propose une vision alternative
A pixel is an artifact: On the necessity of zero‐filling in fourier imaging

MR imaging data is sometimes presented in a “patchwork quilt” format with individual pixels visible as squares of uniform intensity. This phenomenon often arises by default from an image space convolution (performed implicitly by the graphics system) used to convert the sparse point sampling of the spatial domain offered by the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) into a sufficiently dense sampling to allow assignment of an intensity value to each addressable point on the display device. Typical examples are fMRI maps, spectroscopic images and zoomed-in views. These square patches are image structure not present in the object, i.e., artifacts. This form of image display is studied by both an image analysis method and by Fourier analysis. Image formation by display of the 2D DFT of an acquired k-space matrix as a 2D pixel array is a poor reconstruction because it does not ensure a faithful representation of the spatial frequency content actually present in the data. By analysis of the visual appearance of 2D pixel arrays we show that there are two principal effects: (a) attenuation of higher spatial frequencies (i.e., low-pass filtering); (b) introduction of artifactual high frequency image structure. These effects can lead to very poor performance with an artifact/signal ratio of over 200% in the corners of 2D k-space. Generated k-space maps demonstrate that both detrimental effects increase radially in k-space. The simple remedy is to zero-fill (resulting in image interpolation) until individual pixels become invisible in the displayed image. Alternatively, data modeling may be used. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part 42A: 32–44, 2013.
Functions of Repetitive Talk to Dogs during Play: Control, Conversation, or Planning?

This study describes people's repetitive talk when playing with dogs and explores three hypotheses about that talk. Each of 23 people played with two dogs (one familiar, one unfamiliar). Videorecorded participants spoke about 208 words per interaction. Of all words used, eight accounted for more than 50%. Phrases most frequently used and repeated were "come on" and "come here. " In decreasing order of frequency, sentences ranged from imperatives to attention-getting devices, declaratives about the dogs, and questions. Additional declaratives and talk for the dog rarely occurred. Data support the conclusion that repetitive talk to dogs during play has some conversational aspects, but mostly attempts to control the dog. Little evidence exists for "on-line" planning in talk to dogs.
Heavy-organic particle deposition from petroleum fluid flow in oil wells and pipelines

Suspended asphaltenic heavy organic particles in petroleum fluids may stick to the inner walls of oil wells and pipelines. This is the major reason for fouling and arterial blockage in the petroleum industry. This report is devoted the study of the mechanism of migration of suspended heavy organic particles towards the walls in oil-producing wells and pipelines. In this report we present a detailed analytical model for the heavy organics suspended particle deposition coefficient corresponding to petroleum fluids flow production conditions in oil wells. We predict the rate of particle deposition during various turbulent flow regimes. The turbulent boundary layer theory and the concepts of mass transfer are utilized to model and calculate the particle deposition rates on the walls of flowing conduits. The developed model accounts for the eddy diffusivity, and Brownian diffusivity as well as for inertial effects.
Transport of Low-Level NORM - A Case for Consistency and Practicality

In 1996 the IAEA adopted a system for exemption of low-level radioactive material from transport regulations based on the principle that exemption values should be commensurate with the radiological risk posed by the material as estimated in terms of radiation dose (TS-R-1, 1996, Rev. 2005). For many naturally occurring radionuclides the dose-based, radionuclide-specific exemption concentrations tabulated in TS-R-1 were substantially lower than the previous radionuclide-independent definition of radioactive material (70 Bq g-1) due to the stringent dose criterion applied. It was recognized that this would bring huge quantities of previously unregulated natural materials handled in industry into the scope of the transport regulations. To minimize the economic impact of the dose-based values, a special provision in TS-R-1 provides for a 10-fold increase in exemption values for radionuclides in natural material provided the material is not intended to be processed for recovery of its radionuclides (Paragraph 107(e)). This provision reflects the IAEA concept that a dose criterion may be relaxed within cautious bounds to achieve a balance between practical issues and radiological concerns. For example, in a recent extension of the concepts underlying the IAEA Basic Safety Standards to bulk material (RS-G-1.7, 2004), the dose criterion for exposure to naturally occurringmore » radionuclides is, in effect, 100-fold greater than that for artificial radionuclides on the basis of practical considerations. However, the intended use aspect of Paragraph 107(e) is inconsistent with the basic principle underlying the Transport Regulations in that there is no dose basis for assigning different exemption values to identical materials on the basis of their anticipated use. In fact, under this provision the same material can move in and out of the scope of regulatory control as its anticipated use changes. The technical justification for safety requirements, or exemption from those requirements, for potentially hazardous material should be based on measurable properties of the material and not on intentions. To improve the practicality as well as the consistency of the Transport Regulations as applied to NORM, Paragraph 107(e) should be revised to apply to all natural materials, regardless of their intended use.« less
Detecting patterns of aeolian transport direction

Abstract The direction of sediment transport is of direct interest to those engaged in the study of aeolian processes. Here, a technique was employed that provides information regarding aeolian transport direction using measurements of wind direction and aeolian activity. This technique involves detecting one-second periods of blowing sediment, called saltation seconds, with a piezoelectric saltation sensor and assigning active periods to one of sixteen principal wind direction sectors. Saltation seconds are then summed for each wind direction sector to compute the relative fraction associated with a specific wind direction. Measurements of aeolian activity collected over a fifteen-year period at a large saline playa on the Llano Estacado of North America were used to compute the relative frequency that sediments are transported by winds blowing from a specific direction. Results of this study suggest that winds with a westerly component contribute significantly to the transport of playa sediments at this site and this result is consistent with the location of massive fringing dunes along the eastern margins of the playa. Results also reveal a significant contribution of strong northerly winds associated with dry continental polar cold fronts that often pass through the area, especially during the winter, late fall, and early spring.
Orientation and temperature dependence of some mechanical properties of the single-crystal nickel-base superalloy René N4: Part III. Tension-compression anisotropy

Single crystal superalloy specimens with various crystallographic orientations were tested in compression at room temperature, 650, 760, 870, and 980 °C. These results are compared with the tensile behavior studied previously. The alloy, Rene* N4, was developed for gas turbine engine blades and has the nominal composition 3.7 Al, 4.2 Ti, 4 Ta, 0.5 Nb, 6 W, 1.5 Mo, 9 Cr, 7.5 Co, balance Ni, in weight percent. Slip trace analysis showed that primary cube slip had occurred even at room temperature for the [111] specimens. With increasing test temperature more orientations exhibited primary cube slip, until at 870 °C only the orientations near [001] and [011] exhibited normal octahedral slip. The yield strength for octahedral slip was numerically analyzed using a model proposed by Lall, Chin, and Pope to explain deviations from Schmid’s law in the yielding behavior of a single phase γ’ alloy, Ni3(Al,Nb). The Schmid’s law deviations in Rene N4 were found to be largely due to a tension-compression anisotropy. This is one of the sources of the Schmid’s law violations observed in Ni3(Al, Nb) which are rationalized by the model. A second effect, which increases the strength of orientations away from [001], was found to be small in Rene N4. Analysis of recently published data on the single crystal superalloy PWA 1480 yielded the same result.
An Observation of the Directional Wave Spectrum Evolution from Shoreline to Fully Developed

Abstract The Surface Contour Radar (SCR) is a 36-GHz computer-controlled airborne system, which produces ocean directional wave spectra with much higher angular resolution than pitch-and-roll buoys. SCR observations of the evolution of the fetch-limited directional wave spectrum are presented which indicate the existence of a fully-developed sea state. The JONSWAP wave growth model for wave energy and frequency was in best agreement with the SCR measurements. The model of Donelan et al. correctly predicted the propagation direction of waves in the asymmetrical fetch situation nearshore. The Donelan et al. parameterization is generalized to permit other growth algorithms to predict the correct direction of propagation in asymmetrical fetch situations.
Chromatin structure of the 5S RNA genes of D. melanogaster

Abstract The 5S gene cluster of Drosophia melanogaster is a tandem array of a repeat unit made up of a 135 bp gene plus a 238 bp spacer. The length of the 5S repeat (373 bp) equals the average length of a Drosophila dinucleosome. Digestion of Drosophila nuclei with micrococcal nuclease generates discrete 5S RNA gene subfragments when the purified DNA is further cleaved with a single-cut restriction enzyme. We have mapped four micrococcal nuclease-sensitive sites within the 5S repeat: A1, centered at bp −110 (+1 being the G:C bp at the start of the gene); A1′, at bp −80; A2, at bp +80, within the intragenic control region; and B, at −190 bp. These findings suggest that nucleosomes can be positioned on the 5S gene repeat in one of two possible phases, A or B. In the A phase a potential regulatory sequence near the center of the gene is exposed in one of the two linkers of the repeat. In the B phase, in contrast, one of the linkers includes the 5′ end of the gene.
A Tale of Two Threats: Social Anxiety and Attention to Social Threat as a Function of Social Exclusion and Non-Exclusion Threats

To attain and maintain social acceptance, people may attend to cues of possible social rejection or exclusion. Attention to such cues can be influenced by social anxiety. Two competing theories address social anxiety and attention: hypervigilance to versus avoidance of negative social cues. We propose a synthesis of these models such that, in the absence of social exclusion, socially anxious people may be hypervigilant to negative social cues. However, after experiencing social exclusion, they may avoid negative cues in favor of cues signaling social acceptance. Eyetracking was used to examine attention to negative, happy, and neutral faces after social exclusion threat or a non-exclusion threat (N = 27, 69.2% female). Fear of negative evaluation, a core component of social anxiety, was assessed using the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation (BFNE) scale (Leary 1983). Among individuals with high BFNE, non-exclusion threat elicited greater attention toward negative faces than did social exclusion threat. However, social exclusion threat relative to non-exclusion threat was related to greater attention to positive faces among those with high BFNE. These effects were not observed among those with low BFNE. Thus, data provide preliminary support for a synthesized model.
Calcium Channel Blockade Reduces Noise-Induced Vascular Permeability in Cochlear Stria Vascularis†

Exposure to noise results in multiple perturbations of cochlear microcirculation, including increases in vascular permeability. There is evidence that these events are mediated, in part, by calcium channels. The current study examined the effects of calcium channel blockade on the diameter and permeability of cochlear vessels during noise exposure. Subjects were exposed to either noise alone or noise after verapamil pretreatment. Vessels of the cochlear stria vascularis were imaged using intravital microscopy. Animals exposed to noise showed decreases in diameter and increased permeability above baseline levels. Animals pretreated with the calcium channel blocker verapamil and exposed to noise demonstrated increases in vessel diameter and no changes in permeability. These data indicate that calcium channel blockade reduces noise-induced microvascular permeability. Treatment strategies designed to protect from increases in vascular permeability due to noise exposure may reduce temporary threshold shifts.
Automatic concolic test generation with virtual prototypes for post-silicon validation

Post-silicon validation is a crucial stage in the system development cycle. To accelerate post-silicon validation, high-quality tests should be ready before the first silicon prototype becomes available. In this paper, we present a concolic testing approach to generation of post-silicon tests with virtual prototypes. We identify device states under test from concrete executions of a virtual prototype based on the concept of device transaction, symbolically execute the virtual prototype from these device states to generate tests, and issue the generated tests concretely to the silicon device. We have applied this approach to virtual prototypes of three network adapters to generate their tests. The generated test cases have been issued to both virtual prototypes and silicon devices. We observed significant coverage improvement with generated test cases. Furthermore, we detected 20 inconsistencies between virtual prototypes and silicon devices, each of which reveals a virtual prototype or silicon device defect.
Closed-form solutions of supersonic wing-body interference

Closed-form formulas are presented for the interference factors of a body in the presence of a wing at supersonic speeds, when a finite afterbody is introduced. In addition, formulas are obtained for those cases in which the base of the body is forward of the trailing edge of the exposed root chord. These formulas are shown to be valid, subject to the restrictions inherent in the formulation given by Pitts, Nielsen and Kaattari (1959).
Design and Synthesis of Inhaled p38 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

This paper describes the identification and optimization of a novel series of DFG-out binding p38 inhibitors as inhaled agents for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Structure based drug design and “inhalation by design” principles have been applied to the optimization of the lead series exemplied by compound 1a. Analogues have been designed to be potent and selective for p38, with an emphasis on slow enzyme dissociation kinetics to deliver prolonged lung p38 inhibition. Pharmacokinetic properties were tuned with high intrinsic clearance and low oral bioavailability in mind, to minimize systemic exposure and reduce systemically driven adverse events. High CYP mediated clearance and glucuronidation were targeted to achieve high intrinsic clearance coupled with multiple routes of clearance to minimize drug–drug interactions. Furthermore, pharmaceutical properties such as stability, crystallinity, and solubility were considered to ensure compatibility with a dry powder inhaler. 1ab (PF-0...
Why People Choose to Teach in Urban Schools: The Case for a Push–Pull Factor Analysis

Abstract This qualitative research study traces the motivations for teaching of 13 teacher candidates enrolled in an urban-based alternative certification program. After using a push–pull factor analysis, the data suggest that most participants left their previous careers due to financial shortcomings or work instability. As a result, these participants were also less attracted to teaching based on altruistic reasons when compared to those whose major motivation to teach occurred as part of a quest for personal fulfillment.
Baseline predictors of health-related quality of life after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a longitudinal analysis of a multicenter cohort at two and six years.

There is sparse literature regarding the prognosis and predictors of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction outcomes at six years as measured by validated patient-based outcome instruments and assessed by multivariable analysis. Knowing prognostic information would be valuable in physician counseling of patients considering ACL reconstruction. Large sample sizes with adequate follow-up are necessary for such analysis. A previously published randomized controlled trial had an enrollment of 225 patients1, which limits risk factor analysis. A previous cohort study utilizing multivariable analysis was limited by 69% follow-up and the lack of baseline measurements of the outcomes2, which are important to adjust for, as they are often the strongest predictor of follow-up scores. The Short Form-36 (SF-36) is a widely used measure of general quality of life. It allows for comparison across different disease categories; therefore, normative-based scoring converts the scores such that they have direct interpretation related to the general United States population, with a mean score (and standard deviation) of 50 ± 10 points. Hence, a 1-point change in a score is one-tenth of a standard deviation or an effect size of 0.103. The Short Form-6 dimension (SF-6D), a preference-based utility measure, can be calculated from the SF-36, allowing the calculation of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs)4. Previous studies utilizing the SF-36 in athletic populations have compared domain scores, ranging from 0 to 100 points, to normative values, which do not as easily lend themselves to interpretation, but have not reported normative-based scores5,6. The eight subscales of the SF-36 can be collapsed into two components, the Physical Component Summary (PCS) score and the Mental Component Summary (MCS) score. The use of the PCS and MCS has been advocated for large studies, particularly when there is a focus on the general effect on health7. The aim of the current study was to determine the prognosis and predictors of health-related quality of life as measured by the SF-36 at two and six years after surgery as well as the utility gained following ACL reconstruction as measured by the SF-6D. These results should aid evidence-based decision-making as related to a patient’s prognosis following ACL reconstruction, should provide a high level of evidence for surgeon decision-making, and should have the potential to identify future modifiable risk factors that could be altered to improve outcomes of ACL reconstruction. Furthermore, the improvements in health-related quality of life and utility according to the SF-6D should provide justification for expenditures related to patients with ACL injuries.
The BFH Payments System in New Classical and New Keynesian Models

This paper develops a dynamic stochastic model of the BFH payments system with versions consistent with new classical and new Keynesian assumptions about aggregate supply. The new classical version suggests BFH provides perfect inflation and output performance. The new Keynesian version implies more ambiguous consequences.
The Spitzer Science Center: system description and lessons learned due to two years of operations

The Spitzer Space Telescope was successfully launched on August 25 th , 2003. After a 98 day In Orbit Checkout and Science Verification period, Spitzer began its five and one half year mission of science observations at wavelengths ranging from 3.6 to 160 microns. Results from the first two years of operations show the observatory performing exceedingly well, meeting or surpassing performance requirements in all areas. The California Institute of Technology is the home for the Spitzer Science Center (SSC). The SSC is responsible for selecting observing proposals, providing technical support to the science community, performing mission planning and science observation scheduling, instrument calibration and performance monitoring during operations, and production of archival quality data products. This paper will provide an overview of the Science Operations System at the SSC focusing on lessons learned during the first two years of science operations and the changes made in the system as a result. This work was performed at the California Institute of Technology under contract to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Human transformer 2β and SRp55 interact with a calcitonin-specific splice enhancer

Abstract The calcitonin/calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pre-mRNA is alternatively processed in a tissue-specific manner leading to the production of calcitonin mRNA in thyroid C cells and CGRP mRNA in neurons. Sequences in the human calcitonin-specific fourth exon function as an exonic splice enhancer (ESE) which is required for incorporation of exon 4 into calcitonin mRNA. Deletion of these sequences from the rat calcitonin/CGRP gene was reported to have no effect on calcitonin splicing. We demonstrate that sequences in the rat calcitonin/CGRP fourth exon act as an ESE. In addition, we observed that three proteins in HeLa nuclear extract, of apparent molecular weights of 40, 55 and 85 kDa, specifically interact with the exon 4 ESE. The 40-kDa protein is human transformer 2β (hTra2β), a homolog of the Drosophila splice regulator transformer 2. hTra2β is required for calcitonin splicing in vitro, one of the first biological functions identified for hTra2β. The 55-kDa protein is SRp55, a member of the SR family of phosphoproteins. Binding of SRp55 to an ESE required for calcitonin mRNA splicing suggests that the different levels of SRp55 present in different cell types may regulate calcitonin/CGRP alternative splicing.
Robust algorithm for alignment of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses in an accurate mass and time tag data analysis pipeline.

Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC−MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (LC−MS/MS) has become a standard technique for analyzing complex peptide mixtures to determine composition and relative abundance. Several high-throughput proteomics techniques attempt to combine complementary results from multiple LC−MS and LC−MS/MS analyses to provide more comprehensive and accurate results. To effectively collate and use results from these techniques, variations in mass and elution time measurements between related analyses need to be corrected using algorithms designed to align the various types of data: LC−MS/MS versus LC−MS/MS, LC−MS versus LC−MS/MS, and LC−MS versus LC−MS. Described herein are new algorithms referred to collectively as liquid chromatography-based mass spectrometric warping and alignment of retention times of peptides (LCMSWARP), which use a dynamic elution time warping approach similar to traditional algorithms that correct for variations in LC elution times using piecewise lin...
Cyclodextrin aided separation of peptides and proteins by capillary zone electrophoresis.

Abstract Carboxymethylated-β-cyclodextrin (CMBCD) in the electrophoretic medium (aqueous 50 m M sodium phosphate, pH 2.5) enhanced the separation using raw fused-silica capillaries in CZE of the four standard proteins: α-chymotrypsinogen A, cytochrome c , lysozyme and ribonuclease A. Furthermore, with 20 m M CMBCD in the electrophoretic medium, the cis – trans isomers of angiotensin could be separated at room temperature, whereas the separation of the conformers required subambient temperatures as low as −20°C without CMBCD in the electrophoretic medium [50 m M sodium phosphate (pH 2.5), containing 10% (v/v) methanol]. Addition of heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (DMBCD) had no effect on the separation of the above proteins and peptides. The results suggest that in microcolumn separation techniques, certain cyclodextrin additives can be useful selectivity enhancers.
Azimuthal Intensity Profiles of Scattered Light from the Surfaces of Convoluted Cotton Fibers

Azimuthal intensity profiles of scattered light from the surfaces of cotton fibers can be used to characterize the degree of fiber convolution. A theoretical treatment of the intensity distribution of scattered light from fiber surfaces is pre, sented and discussed in terms of surface geometry. The effect of instrumental design on the recorded profiles is discussed. Comparisons are made between the theoretical predictions and the experimental observations.
Adsorption of Alginic Acid and Chondroitin Sulfate-A to Amine Functionality Introduced on Polychlorotrifluoroethylene and Glass Surfaces

The amine functionality is introduced onto a glass surface by using 3-(aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane (3-APTS)-a silane coupling agent-as well as by the adsorption of poly(L-lysine). The amine functionality is introduced onto the hydroxyl-functionalized polychlorotrifluoroethylene surface (PCTFE-OH) using 3-APTS as well. The amine-functionalized surfaces were thoroughly characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Selected polysaccharides, involved in fouling processes, such as alginic acid and chondroitin sulfate-A were allowed to adsorb onto amine-functionalized surfaces. It is shown that alginic acid adsorbs from calcium-free artificial seawater onto amine-functionalized glass surface prepared by the adsorption of poly(L-lysine) and onto amine-functionalized polychlorotrifluoroethylene surfaces (PCTFE-NH 2 ), The adsorption of alginic acid to PCTFE-NH 2 is very rapid, resulting in high-affinity isotherms and ∼5 A thick dry overlayer of the polysaccharide. In addition, we observe that the adsorbed alginic acid protects the PCTFE-NH 2 surface from hydrolysis by phosphate buffer 2 and from hydrolysis/oxidation by copper(II) acetate monohydrate solution. It is also shown that chondroitin sulfate-A adsorbs from potassium hydrogen phthalate buffer to the amine-functionalized glass surface prepared by the reaction between silanol groups on glass and 3-APTS. It is observed that alginic acid and chondroitin sulfate-A do not adsorb to the unmodified glass surface, which is polar and negatively charged, and the PCTFE surface, which is nonpolar, from aqueous solutions under various solution conditions. This study clearly indicates the importance of surface functional groups on the adsorption of polysaccharides, an important preliminary step in the biofouling of surfaces.
The effect of repeated loading on the yield surface

In a previous paper [1] we introduced the concept of a loading surface which is distinct from and encloses the yield surface. The region between the two surfaces may be called the microstrain region. In this paper experiments with pure aluminium are presented in which the influence of repeated loading on the microstrain region is explored. It is seen that the microstrain region decreases in size with each cycle but that it does not necessarily become zero even after several cycles. It is also shown that the yield surface does not enclose the origin even at small values of plastic strain. At the end of the paper it is shown that considerable care should be exercised in the determination of the yield surface since in some cases its position and shape can be influenced to a considerable extent by the unavoidable penetration inside the plastic region while probing for it.
Approximate joint trajectories for control of industrial robots along Cartesian paths

To approximate a preplanned robot path in Cartesian coordinates, such as the seam in arc welding, by functions of joint displacements, enough points on the path must be selected and transformed into joint coordinates. Instead of joining the adjacent, transformed joint points by a straight line, lower degree polynomials are first determined and then splined together. The approximation functions are required to have continuous second derivatives with specified boundary conditions so that the robot's position, orientation, velocity, and acceleration are all continuous along the path. To reduce the approximation error, cubic and quartic polynomials are used with least-squares fit. A comparison of the approximation errors of the methods is presented with an illustration by a numerical example.
Purification of carbon‐11 PET radiotracers from unlabeled precursors by preparative HPLC and SPE

A general methodology for the rapid purification of carbon-11 positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers from radiolabeling reaction mixtures has been developed. Preparative HPLC and solid-phase extraction (SPE) techniques are described which can separate some commonly used radiopharmaceuticals such as [11C]raclopride, [11C]β-CFT and [11C]choline from their unlabeled precursors. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
UNUSUAL FORMS OF SECOND-DEGREE ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK, INCLUDING MOBITZ TYPE-II BLOCK, ASSOCIATED WITH THE MORGAGNI-ADAMS-STOKES SYNDROME.

Abstract Several unusual forms of second-degree atrioventricular block associated with the Morgagni-Adams-Stokes (M-A-S) syndrome are discussed. Three out of 100 patients with the M-A-S syndrome demonstrated a transient Mobitz Type-II block. Seven additional cases are reviewed from the literature. All of the patients had frequently changing degrees of heart block, and in only 1 patient did the Mobitz Type-II block persist. In all cases in which a clinical history is available, Mobitz Type-II block was associated with an Adams-Stokes syndrome. Although a particularly poor prognosis has been indicated for this type of block, the outlook appeared to be no different from that in other cases of M-A-S syndrome in our series. On the other hand, Mobitz Type-II block is of prognostic importance if it indicates that the M-A-S syndrome is likely to develop. Two patients who had 2:1 A-V block with A-V interference dissociation presented with the M-A-S syndrome. Neither of these cases was caused by excessive administration of digitalis. Eight patients had advanced or high-grade A-V block related to their M-A-S syndrome. All of them subsequently developed complete heart block. Although odd-numbered ratios of advanced heart block are said to be rare, such forms were present in all 8 cases, whereas 4:1 block was present in only 2 cases. This may indicate that M-A-S syndrome is more likely to occur in the odd-ratio type of advanced heart block. Awareness that these unusual forms of second-degree block are associated with M-A-S syndrome may enable the prediction of later development of complete heart block and M-A-S syndrome.