cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PATTERNS OF PROTEIN ACCUMULATION IN DEVELOPING ANTHERS OF LILIUM LONGIFLORUM CORRELATE WITH HISTOLOGICAL EVENTS

Differentiation in the anther of Lilium longiflorum occurs in discrete stages that correlate well with flower bud length. Using both sodium dodecyl sulfate and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, detectable proteins that accumulated during the development of lily anthers were documented. In terms of histology and protein patterns, anther ontogeny was divided into three major phases. Phase I encompassed early proliferative stages as well as the differentiation of the locules. Phase II extended from the onset of meiosis through to mature microspores. Phase III began after microspore mitosis occurred to form pollen. Ten floral organ-enriched and 17 floral organ-specific polypeptides were detected during development. The appearance and disappearance of these polypeptides correlated well with the transitions between phases. Two groups of floral organ-specific proteins in Phase II were chosen for further analysis. Both groups of polypeptides were stamen-specific. The 15.0 kD proteins were anther-specific and were the most abundant floral proteins detected; the 75.0 kD proteins were detected in both the anther and filament. Flower organs are determinate in their growth, initiating as primordia and progressing through discrete stages of differentiation. The most specialized of the floral organs are the stamens (androecia) and the carpels (gynoecia), which produce the male and female gametes, respectively. Each stamen is attached to the floral axis by a stalk or filament, and terminated by the anther or microsporangium. Within the anther, sporogenous tissue undergoes meiosis to produce the microspores that divide again to form the male gametophytes, or pollen. Histological events during anther development are well characterized in many angiosperms. There are very discrete stages in the formation of the sporogenous tissue in the anther, and only
IMAGE CONTROL: HOW POLICE AFFECT THE PRESENTATION OF CRIME NEWS

Public opinion and political ideology affect the way in which police departments formulate responses to crime. Examines how departments construct public images to ensure favorable media presentation. Uses direct observation of news production process for more specific data on how police sources impact on crime‐news presentation. Finds that news media can hold police accountable to the public, but news media are also businesses and have to provide news that will attract consumers. News media rely on willing participants to produce crime stories cost‐effectively. Police look to the media to reaffirm their status as law enforcers; they invest resources in helping the media and thus influence crime presentation. Finds that police categorization of crime is self‐promoting and supportive of traditional responses, while reporters are not critical of police.
Suicides in the military: the post-modern combat veteran and the Hemingway effect

Suicides in the military have increased over the last ten years. Much effort has been focused on suicide prevention and treatment, as well as understanding the reasons for the sharp increase in military suicides. Despite this effort, the definitive causes of military suicides remain elusive. Further, highly effective suicide prevention and treatment approaches have not yet been developed. The purpose of this article is to present a short review of the current state of suicide prevention interventions within the context of the military. The root causes of suicidal behavior and the role of combat in the military are each discussed. Interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide and the military transition theory are introduced as guiding frameworks for understanding suicides and suicidal behavior amongst active military personnel and military veterans. The article concludes with a set of recommendations for moving forward in understanding and addressing suicides in the military.
Variations in social contexts and their effect on adolescent inhalant use: A latent profile investigation

The social contexts surrounding the use and abuse of inhalants are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to utilize latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify specific subgroups of adolescents based on social contextual effects surrounding inhalant use episodes in a sample of 279 adolescent inhalant users. Findings revealed that a three-class solution exhibited the best empirical and conceptual fit with the data. Identified classes represented a gradient of low, moderate, and high levels of contextual effects where approximately one third of adolescent inhalant users reported high levels of inhalant use in response to social contextual influences. Subsequent validation analysis showed that these gradient-based classes were directly correspondent with severity in measures of psychopathology, past drug use, variety of inhalants used, and measures of impulsivity and fearlessness. Results indicate heterogeneity in contextual effects on inhalant use and suggest that follow-up studies should examine the role that susceptibility and exposure to contextual effects has on inhalant use.
Perceptions of Minority Invisibility Among Asian American Professionals

Minority invisibility often goes unnoticed by those of the communication discipline. “Invisibility” denies the existence of racial concerns by consciously or unconsciously, deliberately or non-deliberately downplaying, ignoring, or oversimplifying them. It manifests itself as color blindness, claims of reverse discrimination, the belief in a model minority, and exaggerated/negative/purposeful racial displays by those of the mainstream. Fourteen Asian American professionals were interviewed in-depth about their perceptions of invisibility, imposing an etic framework of self, own group, other groups, and possible solutions over the reported emic themes. Most co-researchers reported invisibility, if not for themselves personally, then for their group or for other co-cultural groups. Many of these thought it best to accept invisibility, to work harder, and to swallow their frustration without comment. What is common, if sometimes subtle, for these 14 may be more egregious for others of less means and professi...
Validation of a finite element error estimator

the smoothed solution against which the finite element stresses are compared is based on a reformulation of the finite difference method that permits irregular meshes and complex boundary conditions to be analyzed
THE EFFECTS OF OSMOTIC LYSIS ON THE OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION AND COMPARTMENTATION OF RAT LIVER MITOCHONDRIA

Rat liver mitochondria isolated in 0.25 M sucrose were osmotically lysed with distilled water. The effect of osmotic lysis on mitochondrial compartmentation was monitored by following the changes in the specific Mg(++)-ATPase and the stimulation of this activity by DNP. Each resuspension in distilled water caused a progressive increase in the specific Mg(++)-ATPase and a decrease in DNP-stimulation. Lysed mitochondria yielded P:O ratios of slightly less than 1.0 when each of the "site-specific" substrates, NADH, D-beta-hydroxybutyrate, succinate, and ascorbate, were oxidized. These data indicate that only site 3 phosphorylation remained undiminished. The crude, lysed mitochondria were subfractionated by centrifugation on linear sucrose density gradients. Assays for protein, malate dehydrogenase, D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase indicated that the inner compartment could be clearly separated from the outer membrane vesicles. The results also suggested that the small vesicle fraction contained a small proportion of vesiculated inner membranes. Inner mitochondrial compartments, "contracted" by preincubation in the presence of ATP, sedimented to a markedly lower density on the gradients than did the unincubated preparations and about 50% of the ghosts showed a highly condensed morphology. In the contracted preparations, relatively low malate dehydrogenase and D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activities were found in the fractions comprised of the inner compartments. The specific activity and distribution of succinate dehydrogenase were about the same as were found with the unincubated, lysed mitochondria.
The Use of Visual Arts Activities in Counseling Clients Who Engage in Nonsuicidal Self-Injury

Visual arts mediums such as drawing, painting, making symbolic objects out of materials, and collage can be translated into useful creative interventions when counseling clients who self-injure. Theoretical support and guidelines for using visual arts when counseling clients who self-injure are presented. Specific examples of visual arts interventions that can be useful with this population are provided.
Ecology of insect swarms. I. Experimental studies of the behaviour of Anarete near felti pritchard in artificially induced swarms (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera)

The relations between some characteristics of the source of attraction and the swarming of the midge, Anarete near felti Pritchard were described. White Bristol boards against a dark background were used as the source of attraction. It was found that the degree of attraction varied with the size and the position of the boards, the general lighting, and the proximity, intensity and position of other sources of attraction. An association between swarming and mating was suggested.
Manufacture and Technology of Swiss Cheese

Summary The successful outcome of Swiss cheese manufacture is dependent on a number of factors. Acid-forming and eye-forming bacteria have to be selected and properly taken care of by frequent propagations. Every step involved in the manufacturing procedure must be applied in a manner which will insure a proper rate and amount of acid development. During curing, degradation of the constituents of the cheese occurs. Fatty acids and amino acids are liberated. Certain compounds important in intermediate bacterial metabolism also are formed. Characteristic flavor and body and texture development of Swiss cheese appear to be dependent on a proper balance of products of metabolism. Poor milk, improper rate of acid development, and adverse curing-room conditions are some of the causes of low-quality Swiss cheese. Certain theories are advanced regarding flavor development and the role of copper in Swiss cheese.
Quantum Monte Carlo simulation of high-field electron transport: an application to silicon dioxide

A new approach to the Monte Carlo simulation of electron transport is presented. The Monte Carlo technique is regarded as a stochastic evaluation of the Green's function expressed as a Feynman path integral. By a proper weighting of the randomly generated trajectories, conventional Monte Carlo simulations can be used to obtain the correct quantum solution. This technique is applied to silicon dioxide by employment of the scattering rates obtained from the Dyson equation, thus extending the validity of the solution beyond the quasiclassical and perturbation approximations.
Giving and Taking Away: Exploring Federal Grants’ Differential Burden on Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Regions

This article examines federal economic development policy implemented through fiscal federalism. A new measure is developed to assess the burden created by local financial match requirements on federal grant awards over time. This measure is applied to counties in three states (Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina) to determine if burden varies by metropolitan or nonmetropolitan status. By mapping the data and through regression analysis, it was found that match burden is disproportionately higher in nonmetropolitan areas than in metropolitan areas. In spite of the observed geographic differences, burden levels are best explained by wealth, land area, and the level of fiscal distress, not by metropolitan status alone.
CHRONIC AND SUBACUTE TOXICOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF METHYL SALICYLATE IN DOGS, RATS, AND RABBITS.

Abstract The feeding of methyl salicylate to rats for 2 years at levels up to 2.0% of the diet produced statistically significant growth retardation in the rats on the 2.0% and 1.0% diets. All rats on the 2.0% diet died by the 50th week. There was an increase in cancellous bone in all bones examined from the rats on the 2.0% methyl salicylate diet; this was less pronounced in degree and incidence in the rats on the 1.0% diet. The oral administration to dogs of capsules containing up to 1200 mg/kg/day of methyl salicylate resulted in weight loss and death in all dogs on the 500 mg/kg/day level and above. The livers of the dogs on the 1200 and 800 mg/kg/day levels had moderate to marked degrees of fatty metamorphosis. Dogs given capsules with 350 or 150 mg/kg/day methyl salicylate for 2 years had enlarged livers and increased size of the hepatic cells. The dogs on the higher level lost weight; those on the next higher level showed growth retardation. Rabbits inuncted with methyl salicylate up to 4.0 ml/kg/day for 90 days showed early deaths and kidney damage in those of the high dose group. The remaining nine rabbits appeared predisposed to “spontaneous” nephritis and mild hepatitis.
Severity of and vulnerability to health problems in school-age children.

Severity and vulnerability as important constructs in the Health Belief Model were examined in school-age children. Cognitive development theory and sex-role socialization theory provided the bases for predicting age and gender differences. Nine hundred forty-six children in first, fourth, and sixth grade from seven schools in five states participated in the study. Severity and vulnerability in six categories of health problems were described. Analysis of variance revealed significant age and gender differences. Girls perceived that health problems were both more severe and that they were more vulnerable to them than boys. Age was significant on the vulnerability dimensions, although age patterns varied by health problems. Clinical and educational implications are discussed.
Correction for Particle-Wall Interactions in the Separation of Colloids by Flow Field-Flow Fractionation

In the characterization of materials by field-flow fractionation (FFF), the experienced analyst understands the importance of incorporating additives in the carrier liquid that minimize or eliminate interactions between the analyte and accumulation wall, particularly in aqueous systems. However, as FFF is applied to more difficult samples, such as those with high surface energies, it is increasingly difficult to find additives that completely eliminate particle-wall interactions. Furthermore, the analyst may wish to use specific conditions that preserve the high surface energy of particles, to study their interaction with other materials through their behavior in the FFF channel. With this in mind, Williams and co-workers developed a model that quantifies the effect of particle-wall interactions in FFF using an empirically determined interaction parameter. In this work, the model is evaluated for the application of flow FFF in carrier liquids of low ionic strength, where particle-wall interactions are magnified. The retention of particles ranging in size from 64 to 1000 nm is measured using a wide range of field strengths and retention levels. The model is found to be generally valid over the entire range, except for minor discrepancies at lower levels of retention. Although retention levels are dramatically affected by particle-wall interactions, the point of steric inversion (500 nm), where the size-based elution order reverses, is not affected. When particle-wall interactions are not accounted for, they lead to a bias in particle sizes calculated from standard retention theory of up to 70%. The model can also be used to refine the measurement of channel thickness, which is important for the accurate conversion of retention parameters to particle sizes. In this work, for example, errors in channel thickness led to systematic errors on the order of 10% in particle diameter.
A kinetic study of the ortho-mercuration of 2-methylazobenzene

Abstract The kinetics of the mercuration of 2-methylazobenzene in methanol were studied. The thermodynamic data found were ▵Eact = 22.7 kcal mol−1, ▵H∗ = 22.0 kcal mol−1, and ▵S∗ = −12.3 eu. In comparison with a value of ▵S∗ ⋍ −20 eu for the mercuration of benzene, this lowered entropy is taken as evidence for complex formation between mercuric acetate and 2-methylazobenzene before and during the rate determining step of electrophilic substitution.
Cross-correlation in flow-injection analysis with parallel flow streams and amperometric detection

Cross-correlation was implemented for flow-injection analysis by using two parallel flow lines, each with amperometric detectors, and driven by peristaltic pumps. One flow line was used to generate the reference signal for an analog correlator circuit and the other to generate the analyte signal. Cross-correlation was performed by multiplying these signals together at a time delay of zero, followed by low pass filtering. Using dopamine as a test system, improvements in signal-to-noise ratios of about two orders of magnitude were found for the correlation signal over the direct measurement of the electrode current.
The separation of carrier-free 234thorium (ux1) from uranium by anion-exchange

A relatively simple procedure for the preparation of large quantities of carrier-free thorium-234 for use as a tracer was devised. A 9.6M hydrochloric acid solution of uranium was fed into an adion-exchange column. The uranium complex was adsorbed and the daughter thorium was washed through the resin bed, resulting in a substantially quantitative separation of the thorium-234 from as much as 60 g of uranium. The uranium may be readily recovered by elution with 0.1M hydrochloric acid solution, or may be left on the column to be periodically washed with 9.6M hydrochloric acid solution to produce fresh batches of thorium. (auth)
Correlation of Capillary Number Relationships for Sandstone

Capillary number relationships are presented for displacement of both residual and initially continuous oil from water-wet consolidated sandstones having permeabilities that varied over about two orders of magnitude. It was found that the critical displacement ratio, (..delta..P/Lsigma) /SUB cr/ , for the onset of mobilization could be correlated with sample permeability. Relationships between normalized reduced residual oil saturation and capillary number (taken as k /SUB w/ ..delta..P/Lsigma) also were correlated satisfactorily. For sandstones, capillary numbers for displacement of continuous oil were lower than values for mobilization of discontinuous oil for down to 50% of normal waterflood residual. Thereafter, capillary number relationships for the two types of displacement were indistinguishable. Conditions for complete recovery of residual oil correspond to values of (k /SUB w/ ..delta..P/Lsigma) of about 1.5 X 10/sup -3/ as compared with about 2 X 10/sup -5/ for onset of mobilization.
Paramutation and mutation of Rch in maize

1. In maize, Rch conditions anthocyanin pigmentation in aleurone, anthers, silks and reacts with another factor Pl to produce cherrycoloured pericarp, thus representing the broadest pigmentation pattern among all the alleles at the R locus. The paramutational and mutational behaviour of Rch are reported here. 2. Rch is paramutable with respect to its action in the aleurone, but its pigmenting ability in the pericarp is not sensitive to the paramutagenic action of Rst. 3. The mutation experiments revealed that Rch is a compound locus containing at least four different components: (P) affecting anthocyanin in anthers, (Si) conditioning pink silks, (Ch) reacting with Pl to produce cherry pericarp, and (S) affecting aleurone pigmentation. 4. Different interactions of Rch with independent genes support the conclusions drawn from mutation experiments. 5. It is suggested that different components of the Rch locus are unequally sensitive to the action of Rst.
Spectrum of disease in U.S. veteran patients with hepatitis C.

OBJECTIVE: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is more prevalent in U.S. veterans attending Veterans Affairs Medical Centers than in the general population. The purpose of this study was to examine the risk factors, psychiatric and substance abuse conditions, and severity of liver disease in veterans with HCV. METHODS: The medical records and liver biopsies of 206 consecutive patients with HCV attending a multidisciplinary medical/psychiatric chronic hepatitis clinic and who met eligibility criteria for interferon α-2b therapy were reviewed. RESULTS: The mean age was 46.5 ± 6.8 yr and 77% were Vietnam-era veterans. Risk factors included i.v. drug use (64%), blood transfusion (15%), and cocaine use (9%), and were unknown in 12%. The average estimated duration of disease was 24 ± 7.6 yr. A history of alcohol abuse or dependence was identified in 80% of patients. Psychiatric illnesses were present in 60%, the most common being depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. Overall, 89% of patients had documented psychiatric and/or substance abuse diagnoses. Severe fibrosis (stages 3–4) was present in 32% and severe inflammation (grades 2–3) was present in 71% of biopsies. Psychiatric and substance abuse diagnoses did not correlate with severity of liver disease. A total of 145 patients (71%) were prescribed interferon-based treatment. The overall virological sustained response rates were 16% after interferon monotherapy and 28% after interferon/ribavirin therapy. Reasons for not receiving interferon therapy included minimal fibrosis on liver biopsy (37 patients [18%]), worsening medical conditions (nine [4%]), and worsening psychiatric and substance abuse problems (14 [7%]). CONCLUSIONS: Advanced fibrosis is common in this cohort of veteran patients with chronic hepatitis C, and the overwhelming majority of these patients have psychiatric and/or substance abuse diagnoses. Despite these comorbidities, the majority received interferon therapies in the context of a multidisciplinary clinic. These data emphasize the importance of hepatitis C care that includes linkage of medical care and psychiatric services.
Establishment of an extraction method for the recovery of tattoo pigments from human skin using HPLC diode array detector technology.

Tattooing is a widespread process of puncturing pigments into skin, whereas the resulting concentration inside the skin remains unknown. Many tattoo colorants are organic pigments, such as azo pigments, manufactured for other uses. To remove tattoos from skin, laser pulses at very high intensities are applied to the skin to destroy the tattoo pigments. Recent investigations have shown that several azo compounds are cleaved by laser light leading to potentially toxic or carcinogenic compounds. To assess the risk of tattooing and laser treatment of tattoos, the concentration of the pigments and their decomposition products in the skin must be determined. Therefore, an extraction method was established to determine the concentration of tattoo pigments and decomposition products quantitatively. The extraction of two widely used azo compounds, Pigment Red 22 and Pigment Red 9, and their laser-induced decomposition products, 2-methyl-5-nitroaniline, 4-nitrotoluene, 2,5-dichloraniline, and 1,4-dichlorobenzene, w...
In vitro selection of drug resistant Schistosoma mansoni.

Abstract Schistosomules of Schistosoma mansoni were cultured for 3 days in the presence of schistosomicides and then inoculated intraperitoneally into mice. Drug concentrations killing greater than 99.8% of schistosomules were amoscanate 0.1 p.p.m., oltipraz, 0.5 p.p.m., oxamniquine 240 p.p.m., praziquantel 8 p.p.m. Comparison of drug response of the unselected and selected strains as adult worms in mice showed an increase in tolerance to amoscanate, oltipraz and oxamniquine, but not praziquantel. The oxamniquine tolerant strain did not respond to oxamniquine at 500 mg kg −1 . The unselected strain increased in tolerance to three drugs during routine passage in the laboratory. Greater numbers of schistosomules derived from snails exposed to ethyl methane sulfonate appeared to survive culture in metrifonate, suggesting that it may be possible to produce drug resistant schistosomes by mutation and selection.
Social Construction, Mathematics, and the Collective Imposition of Function onto Reality

Stereotypes of social construction suggest that the existence of social constructs is accidental and that such constructs have arbitrary and subjective features. In this paper, I explore a conception of social construction according to which it consists in the collective imposition of function onto reality and show that, according to this conception, these stereotypes are incorrect. In particular, I argue that the collective imposition of function onto reality is typically non-accidental and that the products of such imposition frequently have non-arbitrary and objective features. These conclusions are interesting in and of themselves since they debunk important aspects of our socially constructed conception of social construction. Yet, additionally, they have important implications for the viability of mathematical social constructivism since resistance to such constructivism is frequently grounded in the observation that mathematics is non-accidental, non-arbitrary, and objective. As a secondary focus, I explore these implications in this paper.
A Perspective on Agroecosystem Science

Description d'une approche de recherche integrant les informations recueillies sur le terrain, l'utilisation de modeles de simulation et l'information geographique et permettant de faire des previsions a long terme et sur une grande echelle a propos de l'avenir de l'agriculture aux Etats Unis
Failure Modes and Grain-Boundary Effects in Polycrystalline Materials

Dislocation-density based multiple-slip constitutive formulations and specialized computational schemes are introduced to account for large-strain ductile failure modes in polycrystalline aggregates. Furthermore, new kinematically based interfacial grain-boundary regions and formulations are introduced to account for dislocation-density transmission, absorption, and pile-ups that may occur due to grain-boundary misorientations and void interactions.
The Use of the Internet for Counseling the Suicidal Individual: Possibilities and Drawbacks:

The role of the Internet in facilitating and preventing suicide is reviewed. Two online suicide prevention programs are described: SAHAR in Israel and Befrienders worldwide. Examples are provided of crisis intervention by e-mail. Finally, some caveats are presented based on experiences with crisis intervention by telephone.
The Sources of Antiabortion Attitudes The Case of Religious Political Activists

In this survey of activists (N = 4,995) from several large religious interest groups, the demographic, religious, and ideological influences on attitudes toward abortion are analyzed. Findings indicate that detailed denominational, doctrinal, and religious practice items are powerful predictors of abortion attitudes among a demographically homogeneous sample of activists. The authors also discuss the implications of the findings for the future of abortion politics.
Labor Mobility and the Industrial Wage Structure in the Postwar United States

Introduction, 73. — I. Some inferences from empirical work, 74. — II. Postwar movements of wages and employment in the industrial sector, 77; changes in wages and in employment — correlations, 78; wage levels and employment changes, 79; wage levels and wage changes; wage dispersion, 80; wage rates and quit rates; related evidence, 81. — III. Some instances of major change, 85; changes in production-worker wages and employment in the period including World War II, 86; changes in wages and changes in employment — extreme values, 87; changes in compensation and employment in broad industrial categories, 1948–60, 88. — IV. Summary and policy inferences, 95.
THE EFFECT OF ADRENALECTOMY ON THE RENAL TUBULAR REABSORPTION OF WATER IN THE RAT1

It is well known that the adrenal insufficient animal excretes a given dose of water at a slower rate than the normal (Gaunt, 1946). The purpose of the present paper is to present data which indicate that the basis for this deficiency in water excretion is an increased reabsorption of water by the renal tubules in the absence of the adrenal cortical hormones. materials and methods Three groups of Sprague-Dawley female rats were used; 12 ad libitum fed controls, 11 adrenalectomized and 6 pair-fed controls. The rats weighed from 200–250 grams and were fed GLF “calf meal.” The pair-fed controls were started a day following the operated animals, and received only as much ration as the latter had eaten in the previous 24 hr. period. Thus any effects of post-operative inanition were eliminated in interpreting the results. Following adrenalectomy the operated rats were given 1% sodium chloride to drink and were not used for at least two weeks, by which time they had completely recovered from the operation.
Some Characteristics of Strong Wind Periods in Coastal East Antarctica

Abstract The intensity and duration of strong wind events at three Australian stations in East Antarctica are discussed using four years of records. The longer term events are examined in relation to the pressure, temperature, wind speed and direction, and weather fluctuations occurring during the periods. The mean event differs little in intensity between the three stations, but at the station which experiences high frequencies of katabatic winds, the events show a slight tendency to longer life. A characteristic temperature change is apparent at all the stations, differing between the colder and the warmer seasons. Some inferences are made regarding the cause of observed variations in some elements both seasonally at all stations and between individual locations. Possible features of the general circulation of the Southern Hemisphere which may be active in producing the observed frequency distribution of strong winds are also outlined.
Morphologic Changes in Pilosebaceous Units and Anagen Hairs in Alopecia Areata1

The normal growth of scalp hair is a result of a continuous, rapid proliferation of tissue by the matrix of the hair bulb and a high degree of mitotic activity of the cells thereof. The abrupt loss of hair in alopecia areata represents an acute disruption of this normal proliferative process. The etiologic factors in alopecia areata are unknown. The state of the hair bulb and its environment in alopecia areata are not entirely defined.
The Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale: Correlations with Depression in College Students with Learning Disabilities

Interpretations of depression in children and adolescents with learning disabilities have tended to be neuropsychological or motivational. Some research has related various cognitive-behavioral constructs with depression and other problematic outcomes for this population. Research with nonlearning-disabled college students has provided correlations for scores on the Self-oriented and the two social scales of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale with those on depression. No such work has been done with college students having learning disabilities. Measures for multidimensional perfectionism, anxiety, and depression were administered to 110 learning-disabled undergraduate men and women. Analysis showed that scores on only one of the social scales of perfectionism were positively correlated with depression scores, and this relation was weaker than previously found for nonlearning-disabled students. Findings are discussed in terms of previous research and a motivational interpretation of depression in learning-disabled collage students.
Heterogeneous fault stresses from previous earthquakes and the effect on dynamics of parallel strike‐slip faults

[1] We combine a viscoelastic model for the interseismic process and an elastodynamic model for the coseismic process to explore the dynamics (over multiple earthquake cycles) of two parallel strike-slip faults embedded in a two-dimensional full space. The step over fault geometry results in a buildup of heterogeneous fault stress near the step over. This heterogeneous stress accumulates at the early stage of the evolution of the fault system, and finally stabilizes after a number of earthquake cycles. The heterogeneity in fault stress varies with the geometrical parameters (e.g., width and along-strike overlap/ gap) of the step over, as well as the rupture history of the fault system. This heterogeneous fault stress from previous earthquakes has significant effects on earthquake rupture initiation, propagation, and termination. The locations with a low normal stress level near a step over are favorable points for earthquake initiation. Rupture can jump a 4 km wide compressional step over and a 8 km or wider dilational step over if the fault system has historically experienced many earthquakes. A young step over with less induced heterogeneity allows rupture to jump only smaller step over widths. These results may have important implications for seismic hazard analysis in areas where segmented strikeslip faults predominate, particularly for estimating maximum earthquake potential. Citation: Duan, B., and D. D. Oglesby (2006), Heterogeneous fault stresses from previous earthquakes and the effect on dynamics of parallel strike-slip faults, J. Geophys. Res., 111, B05309, doi:10.1029/2005JB004138.
Interpretation of the Polarimetric Co-Polarization Phase Tern in Radar Images Obtained with the JPL Airborne L-Band SAR System

The utilization of both polarimetric amplitude and relative phase terms of the polarization scattering matrix [S] given for each pixel, is pursued for polarimetric SAR imagery interpretation. The existing amplitude-only backscattering approaches hitherto used are extended and modified to accommodate the interpretation of information contained in the amplitude and/or phase terms. Both a vector radiative transfer model for surface versus volume scattering from rough terrain with and without vegetation canopy and a high-frequency electrical curvature model for perfectly conducting surfaces are examined to come up with theoretical models that out-perform other hitherto known approaches. The developed models agree with the excellent polarimetric SAR imagery recently obtained with the JPL CV-990 dual-polarization L-band (1.225 GHz) SAR system. Recommendations are made on how to further perfect the system for integration in the SIR-C and other future polarimetric SIR-SAR systems.
Reply to “Rip Current Misunderstandings”

We welcome the opportunity provided by the comments of Mr. B. Chris Brewster on his interpretation of the results found in our article titled ‘‘An Examination of Rip Current Fatalities in the United States.’’ We argue below that the commenter’s points of contention appear guided largely by assumptions, which lead to the misinterpretation of our research focus and associated conclusions. We appreciate the chance to illuminate our results on rip current mortality in relation to the commenter’s statements. First, we would like to clarify that our data were not simply derived from ‘‘media reports’’, as the commenter suggests. Our data were collected primarily from the National Climatic Data Center’s Storm Data, which is the chief source of hazard data used by scientists for determining the number of casualties produced by weather and climaterelated events. Because there are some known caveats associated with these data (e.g., see our discussion and references in the article), we supplemented rip current mortality information from Storm Data with mortality data acquired from Lexis Nexis, as well as information from a National Weather Service employee who specializes in rip current hazards. These supplemental data were used to (1) illustrate the best possible hazardscape of rip currents as represented by rip current mortality and (2) reveal any inadequacies in Storm Data’s rip current fatality reporting.
Multipath multihop routing analysis in mobile ad hoc networks

This paper proposes an analytical modeling framework to investigate multipath routing in multihop mobile ad hoc networks. In this paper, a more generalized system has been considered and mathematically analyzed to observe some of the related performance measures of the ad hoc network. Each node in the network is assumed to have finite buffer. The single-path model is approximated to be a multi-node M/M/1/B tandem network, and the multi-path model as a set of multiple parallel paths. This proposed model allows us to investigate issues such as end-to-end delivery delay, throughput and routing reliability in mobile ad hoc networks. Theoretical results have been verified by numerical results. An optimal path selection strategy has been proposed to select a minimized delay path among the available multiple paths between source-destination pair.
Learning extraction patterns for subjective expressions

This paper presents a bootstrapping process that learns linguistically rich extraction patterns for subjective (opinionated) expressions. High-precision classifiers label unannotated data to automatically create a large training set, which is then given to an extraction pattern learning algorithm. The learned patterns are then used to identify more subjective sentences. The bootstrapping process learns many subjective patterns and increases recall while maintaining high precision.
Psychology: The art of remembering

Larry R. Squire enjoys an engaging account of how memory works and how to win in memory competitions.
Shallow groundwater denitrification rate measurement by acetylene block

We field tested a short term, in situ method for measuring highly variable shallow groundwater denitrification rates using a methodology developed in an earlier, laboratory phase of this study. A pulse of tracer solution was injected and subsequently sampled within well clusters 50 cm in radius. The injectate contained dissolved acetylene (C 2 H 2 ) to block denitrification at the nitrous oxide (N 2 O) stage of reduction. Six well clusters were established at two depths along a riparian area transect through field, grass, and woodland ecotypes. Bromide tracer, C 2 H 2 , and accumulated N 2 O were monitored at sample wells downgradient from each injection well. Adequate C 2 H 2 concentrations (0.43 mM) to block N 2 O reduction between injection and sample wells were attained in five of the six well clusters tested. Acetylene peak concentrations moved laterally an average of 19% more slowly than the Br peak, N 2 O peak concentrations an average of 8% after C 2 H 2 peaks. Highest denitrification rates of 2.8 and 3.3 mg N L -1 d -1 were observed near the surface of the water table within the grass buffer and riparian forest. Shallow groundwater denitrification rates in the adjoining field and 2 m deep into the saturated zone at all three ecotypes were <25% of the highest rates. Acetylene block procedures were thus used to determine in situ denitrification rates within a few days time with little disruption of soil structure or associated microbial communities. Portable equipment allows application at remote sites independent of line power and road access.
Spawning and transport dynamics of Atlantic menhaden: inferences from characteristics of immigrating larvae and predictions of a hydrodynamic model

We examined patterns of abundance, age and spawning date distributions of Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus larvae immigrating during two seasons through three North Carolina inlets—Oregon, Ocracoke and Beaufort—to elucidate their spawning and transport dynamics. These patterns were examined in conjunction with corresponding predictions from a three-dimensional, wind-and tide-driven hydrodynamic model. Larvae immigrating through different inlets showed consistent similarities as well as marked differences in temporal patterns of abundance, spawning dates and transport times. Intraseasonal patterns in abundance and spawning date distributions among inlets suggest that, in both study years, the spatio-temporal dynamics of menhaden immigration were driven by large-scale patterns along the Atlantic coast, rather than by localized variation in spawning activity. Interannual differences in the temporal patterns of spawning dates and larval immigration indicate interannual differences in transport dynamics and/or the spatial-temporal distribution of spawning. When the spawning locations predicted by the hydrodynamic model are interpreted in conjunction with advanced very high resolution radiometer sea-surface temperature information, the results are consistent with the limited historical information available on spatio-temporal distribution of Atlantic menhaden eggs and larvae. The transport model also predicted distributions of arrival times for immigrating larvae that were comparable in range and variability with observed patterns. Our use of data from immigrating larvae, coupled with a hydrodynamic transport model and sea-surface temperatures, allowed us to uncover relationships between spatio-temporal patterns of Atlantic menhaden spawning and transport dynamics that could not have been identified by either approach alone.
Provocative aspects of androgen genetics

Androgens play a key role in prostate structure and function, leading to the hypothesis that effects of the hormone are an important component in the development of prostatic disease. Differences in serum testosterone levels and 5α-reductase activities between ethnic and racial groups have been implicated in the variable incidence of prostate cancer among certain populations. Androgen receptors transduce the steroid signal within cells, but attempts to correlate differences in receptor levels with prostatic disease have been unsuccessful. However, molecular studies of androgen receptor gene structure have recently provided new insights toward defining a genetic basis for the pathology associated with three diseases-spinal bulbar muscular atrophy, breast carcinoma, and prostate cancer-ffecting middle-aged and older men. In summary, epidemiologic data on androgen biosynthesis, metabolism, and action of androgens and molecular genetic analysis of gene structure have led to a new understanding of the interrelationships between environmental and genetic factors that may impact on the incidence of certain pathologic conditions in men
Alterations in sodium and potassium metabolism following hind leg fracture in the rat: role of the adrenal cortex.

Adrenalectomized rats, maintained with saline and allowed food ad libitum, showed a positive sodium balance and a negative potassium balance following fracture of the bones of both hind legs. Qualitatively similar results were obtained in similarly treated sham adrenalectomized rats. These findings were confirmed and amplified using force-fed rats. It has been demonstrated that in force-fed adrenalectomized rats on a high salt intake there was a loss of potassium from uninjured tissues as well as from tissues which were mechanically damaged by the fracture procedure. SEVERE tissue damage is frequently followed in man and experimental animals by retention of sodium, chloride and water (1–6) and by negative potassium and nitrogen balances (2–9). In addition, evidence has been presented for an increased activity of the adrenal cortex following trauma (1, 4, 5, 10–15).
Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual College Students

Abstract This study compared 70 gay male/lesbian/bisexual (lesbigay) college students with a control group of 154 college students on measures of loneliness, depression, and suicidal risk. Results indicated significant differences in several important areas. Issues concerning a variety of attitudes/feelings of the gay male/lesbian/bisexual group are discussed as are implications for college mental health and student development professionals.
Research directions in energy-sustainable cyber–physical systems☆

An overview of sustainable computing is provided and different approaches towards design and verification of energy-sustainable computing (i.e., sustainable computing from energy consumption perspective) are discussed for cyber–physical systems (CPSs), i.e., systems with strong coupling between computing components and non-computing processes in physical environment. A major issue in this regard is the inter-dependencies of the non-computing processes on the computing components and vice versa, and the verification of the CPSs’ sustainability without real deployment. The trends and dependencies of energy consumption for both computing and non-computing components are conceptualized. Based on this conceptualization, CPS resource management algorithms are categorized according to: (i) computing workload execution and arrival profiles supported, (ii) knowledge of workload profiles during management decision making, (iii) support of power management in the computing components, and (iv) assumptions on non-computing process behavior. These categories are then discussed along with their pros and cons for two representative CPSs: data centers and body sensor networks (BSNs). A model based engineering approach is used to verify CPS sustainability before real deployment. Several research directions and open problems are further discussed for the design and verification of energy-sustainable CPSs.
Cultural transmission in international organizations : Impact of interpersonal communication patterns in intergroup contexts

This study examined how organizational cultures are transmitted and maintained through interactions among organizational members across intergroup boundaries. The major hypothesis of interest was that the total number of individuals' out-group communication network links predicts the degree of individual-out-group transmission of work-related values and beliefs. The research design involved a survey of workers in international organizations with bicultural workforces (U.S. and Japanese). A total of 118 responses were submitted to a series of multiple regression analyses. The results provided evidence to support the relationship between communication and cultural transmission. Theoretically, it addressed two issues that have not been dealt with in social influence theories. First, it identified different types of social influence: agreement, accuracy, and congruency derived from the coorientation model. Second, it identified specific conditions under which social influence takes place by examining relational proximity in three different types of networks.
...and eat it too: high read performance in write-optimized HPC I/O middleware file formats

As HPC applications run on increasingly high process counts on larger and larger machines, both the frequency of checkpoints needed for fault tolerance [14] and the resolution and size of Data Analysis Dumps are expected to increase proportionally. In order to maintain an acceptable ratio of time spent performing useful computation work to time spent performing I/O, write bandwidth to the underlying storage system must increase proportionally to this increase in the checkpoint and computation size. Unfortunately, popular scientific self-describing file formats such as netCDF [8] and HDF5 [3] are designed with a focus on portability and flexibility. Extra care and careful crafting of the output structure and API calls is required to optimize for write performance using these APIs. To provide sufficient write bandwidth to continue to support the demands of scientific applications, the HPC community has developed a number of I/O middleware layers, that structure output into write-optimized file formats. However, the obvious concern with any write optimized file format would be a corresponding penalty on reads. In the log-structured filesystem [13], for example, a file generated by random writes could be written efficiently, but reading the file back sequentially later would result in very poor performance. Simulation results require efficient read-back for visualization and analytics, and though most checkpoint files are never used, the efficiency of a restart is very important in the face of inevitable failures. The utility of write speed improving middleware would be greatly diminished if it sacrificed acceptable read performance. In this paper we examine the read performance of two write-optimized middleware layers on large parallel machines and compare it to reading data natively in popular file formats.