cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The implicit theories approach to the self‐monitoring controversy

In the face of uncertainty and disagreement about the meaning and measurement of the self-monitoring construct, the author proposes an implicit theories approach to shed light on what self-monitoring scales may be tapping. The first study explored people's notions of what high and low self-monitors are like, based on the statements in the 18-item Self-Monitoring Scale (Gangestad and Snyder, 1985). The second study compared that measure with Lennox and Wolfe's (1984) Revised Self-Monitoring Scale and examined defensive motivation within the scales. The third study consisted of two experiments to determine whether subjects perceived the items of Gangestad and Snyder's Self-Monitoring Scale as reflecting a unitary latent entity or separate, contradictory variables. It was concluded that the implicit theories approach appears to be a useful complement to traditional factor analytic studies, providing new ways of looking at a personality construct, clarifying some theoretical issues, and generating hypotheses for future research.
The existence of codes of conduct for undergraduate teaching in teaching‐oriented four‐year colleges and universities

This chapter reports the findings of a study conducted to determine the existence of codes of conduct for undergraduate college teaching in public and private colleges and universities that espouse a teaching-oriented mission.
Optical matrix-vector multiplication through four-wave mixing in photorefractive media.

We propose and describe a new method of optical matrix–vector multiplication by using four-wave mixing in photorefractive media. Using a BaTiO3 crystal, we have demonstrated such a parallel multiplication. The results are presented and discussed.
Using a distributed control system (DCS) for distillation column control in an undergraduate unit operations laboratory

This paper presents the main advantages of using an industrial distributed control system (DCS) in the operation of a distillation column which is used in an undergraduate unit operations laboratory course at the University of Texas at Austin. Taking advantage of the resources of an industrial DCS (friendly display options, an alarm management system, historical data bases and advanced control tools), undergraduate students are able to operate a distillation column under automatic control. After training on the DCS system, students are able to evaluate the performance of the control loops as well as tune them in order to improve the operation of the column.
A disiloxane-functionalized phosphonium-based ionic liquid as electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries

A disiloxane-functionalized ionic liquid based on a phosphonium cation and a bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI) anion was synthesized and characterized. This new ionic liquid electrolyte showed good stability with a lithium transition metal oxide cathode and a graphite anode in lithium ion cells.
Maximum Likelihood Identification of Structurally Constrained Covariances for Initial Condition Statistics

Maximum likelihood estimation of a constrained initial condition covariance matrix is treated in this paper. The associated cross-sectional observations are generated from non-identically distributed realizations of a linear dynamic system. The covariance matrix is constrained to both band-block structure and to general positive semi-definiteness. Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for the local optimality of the constrained covariance estimate, and an algorithm for the numerical solution of the related optimality equations is indicated. An implementation of the EM method, which is useful in initializing the algorithm, is also presented for estimation in the band-block structurally constrained case.
Incorporating retransmission diversity in quality-of-service guaranteed multi-user scheduling

A cross-layer optimization combining retransmission diversity with multi-user diversity is investigated for wireless communications. To this end, a joint design of adaptive modulation and coding with retransmission-based automatic repeat request protocol is first outlined. This design is then employed to devise multi-user scheduling schemes which can optimally capture the available multiuser and retransmission diversities. In addition, the proposed on-line scheduling algorithms can operate even when the underlying fading channel distribution is unknown a priori, while asymptotically converging to the offline benchmark with guarantees on prescribed fairness and rate requirements. Numerical results are provided to verify the merits of our novel schemes for multi-user transmissions over Nakagami block fading channels.
Effect of patient-centred bedside rounds on hospitalised patients' decision control, activation and satisfaction with care

Importance Though interprofessional bedside rounds have been promoted to enhance patient-centred care for hospitalised patients, few studies have been conducted in adult hospital settings and evidence of impact is lacking. Objective To evaluate the effect of patient-centred bedside rounds (PCBRs) on measures of patient-centred care. Design and setting Cluster randomised controlled trial involving four similar non-teaching hospitalist service units in a large urban hospital. Participants Hospitalised general medical patients. Intervention We assembled working groups on two intervention units, consisting of professionals and patient/family members, to determine the optimal timing, duration and format for PCBR. Nurses and hospitalists rounded together in PCBR using a communication tool to provide a framework for discussion and unit leaders joined PCBR to provide coaching during initial weeks of implementation. Main outcomes Using patient interviews, we assessed preferred and experienced roles in medical decision-making using the Control Preferences Scale, activation using the Short Form of the Patient Activation Measure, and satisfaction. We also compared postdischarge patient satisfaction survey items related to teamwork, involvement in decisions and overall care. We assessed nurses’, physicians’ and advanced practice providers’ (APP) perceptions of PCBR using a survey developed for this study. Results Overall, 650 patients were approached for structured interview during hospitalisation: 284 were excluded because of disorientation, 54 were excluded because of non-English language, 72 declined to participate and 4 withdrew from the study after enrolment. Interview data were available for 236 (122 control and 114 intervention unit) patients, and postdischarge satisfaction survey data were available for 493 (274 control and 219 intervention unit) patients. We found no significant differences in patients’ perceptions of shared decision-making, activation or satisfaction with care. Results were similar in analyses based on whether PCBR had been performed (ie, per protocol). We also found no difference in postdischarge patient satisfaction items. Results were similar in multivariate analyses controlling for patient characteristics and clustering of patients within study units. A majority of nurses (78.6%), but only about half of hospitalist physicians and APPs felt that PCBR improved communication with patients (47.4%). A minority of nurses (46.4%) and physicians and APPs (36.8%) agreed that PCBR had improved the efficiency of their workday. Conclusions PCBR had no impact on patients’ perceptions of shared decision-making, activation or satisfaction with care. Additional research is needed to identify optimal approaches that can be reliably implemented in hospital settings to improve patient-centred care.
Responses of Dabbling Ducks to Wetland Conditions in the Prairie Pothole Region

Abstract The relationships between wetland water conditions and breeding numbers of Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), Northern Pintail (A. acuta), Blue-winged Teal (A. discors), and Northern Shoveler (A. clypeata) during May of 1992-1995, were examined on twelve study areas in the eastern Prairie Pothole Region. Data were collected on water levels (by wetland class [temporary, seasonal, semipermanent]), pond density (density of wet basins), and numbers of indicated pairs for each species from weekly roadside transect surveys. Comparison of models relating duck numbers to wetlands using Akaike’s Information Criterion indicated that measures of water condition generally were of similar value for explaining duck numbers. The model containing effects of semipermanent wetland water levels was among the best in explaining duck numbers for all species. Inclusion of temporary and seasonal wetland water levels in models for Mallard and Northern Pintail was not strongly supported by the data. Variation in duck numbers ...
Syntax, Semantics and Acquisition of Multiple Interrogatives: Who wants what?

Multiple interrogatives, questions with multiple wh-phrases (e.g. Who bought what? ), have long presented analytical challenges for linguistic theory. This monograph presents a new theoretical and experimental study of this construction. The theoretical findings concern the interaction between superiority effects, subject-auxiliary inversion, and the distribution of pair-list and single-pair readings cross-linguistically. The author examines multiple interrogatives under sluicing (i.e. clausal ellipsis), presenting new arguments for the deletion analysis of sluicing. The author also reports the results of several experimental studies on how children acquire the language-specific properties of multiple interrogatives in English, Russian, and Malayalam. The results suggest a correlation between the acquisition of multiple interrogatives and the acquisition of contrastive focus, which has been independently motivated in the syntactic literature. The monograph will be of interest to linguists concerned with syntax, semantics, and language acquisition, as well as readers who are interested in a comprehensive theory of language in general.
Abstract 238: Class I HDAC inhibition prevents Ncx1 upregulation by stabilizing an HDAC5-HDAC1/Sin3a Repressor Complex during cardiac hypertrophy.

Cardiac hypertrophy is often associated with the activation of signaling pathways that perpetuate altered calcium efflux and influx. One gene that is upregulated and contributes to altered intracellular calcium concentrations and worsening contractility during cardiac hypertrophy is the Sodium Calcium Exchanger ( Ncx1 ). Molecular studies implicate histone deacetylases (HDACs) in possibly regulating the expression of this gene. Our recent work reveals that HDAC1, HDAC5 and Sin3a interact and are recruited to the Ncx1 promoter through the Nkx2.5 transcription factor. Interestingly, we observed greater associated/interaction of the HDAC1-HDAC5/Sin3a repressor complex upon broad HDAC inhibition. Taken together, we hypothesized that HDAC inhibition, stabilizes an HDAC1-HDAC5/Sin3a repressor complex during cardiac hypertrophy. We addressed this hypothesis by treating isolated adult cardiomyocytes with class specific HDAC inhibitors since HDAC1 is a Class I HDAC and HDAC5 is a Class IIa HDAC. Co-Immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) revealed a greater association of repressor complex molecules in the presence of Entinostat, a Class I HDAC inhibitor compared to both non-treated control and TSA, a broad HDAC inhibitor (n=3). These works show enhanced recruitment Sin3a (co-repressor) at the proximal promoter of NCX1 as demonstrated by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) (n=3). To test whether these observations translated into in vivo models, we subjected mice to transaortic constriction (TAC) to induce hypertrophy. In this model, Co-IP revealed results that similar to our in vitro studies with greater immuno- detection of repressor complex component, Sin3a after immune-precipitation with HDAC1. Furthermore, our ChIP data showed a greater PCR product amplification of proximal Ncx1 promoter, from experimental groups that were subjected to Entinostat (n=3). Our cumulative data suggests that Class I HDAC inhibition stabilizes a repressor complex on the Ncx1 promoter that hinders hypertrophy- mediated Ncx1 upregulation. Class specific HDAC inhibition may be useful in the stabilization and repression of aberrantly expressed genes that contribute to poor clinical outcomes in cardiac hypertrophy.
From Duché to Provoost: The Birth of Inaugural Prayer

On 7 September 1774, Jacob Duche, newly appointed chaplain to the Continental Congress, stepped forward to offer the first government-sponsored prayer in America. I n so doing he initiated a rhetorical tradition which persists to this day: opening prayers by the chaplains of the House and Senate. Equally important, however, was a second rhetorical tradition which Duche's prayer set in motion, a tradition which flowered, faded, and, after a long period of dormancy, experienced a regeneration: the ritual of inaugural prayer. This essay traces the early links between congressional prayer and inaugural prayer as manifested in the lives of their first practition ers: Jacob Duche, the first congressional chaplain, and Samuel Provoost, the first clergyman to offer prayer at an inauguration. It will be argued, first, that the institutionalization of the congres sional chaplaincy was motivated from the outset by partisan political concerns, and second, that the emergence of prayer at the inaugural ceremony was linked directly to the congressional chaplaincy and was characterized by concern about legislative privilege rather than spiritual necessity or religious establishment. The appointment of the first congressional chaplain was an important event in the evolution of inaugural prayer, for it was from the congressional chaplaincy that the first inaugural clergyman, Samuel Provoost, was chosen. Moreover, after the practice of inaugural prayer had been abandoned for one hundred and forty four years, it was to the congressional chaplaincy that Franklin D. Roosevelt turned when in 1937 he reinstituted the practice of pray ing at the inaugural ceremony.1
TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF RSP Fe/Cr/Mn/Mo/C ALLOY

Rapid solidification processing (RSP) has been carried out on an Fe/Cr/Mn/Mo/C alloy using both electron-beam melting and piston-and-anvil techniques. Preliminary TEM results show RSP produces a refined duplex microstructure of ferrite and martensite, with a typical ferrite grain size of 0.50–3.0 microns. This RSP microstructure is significantly different from that observed in the conventionally austenitized and quenched alloys—a lath martensitic microstructure with thin films of retained interlath austenite. The morphological change produced by RSP is accompanied by an increase in hardness from 48R to 61R (~ 480 to 720 VHN). It is intended to use electron-beam specimens to examine the potential beneficial effect of RSP upon sliding wear resistance and, by careful TEM studies, it will be possible to characterize the microstructure and its role in the hardness and wear behavior of the RSP alloy.
Reinventing television in rural Zambia Energy scarcity, connected viewing, and cross-platform experiences in Macha

During the past decade, digital distribution has brought about major changes in the ways that states regulate, corporations profit from, and people consume media content in places around the world....
Development and Multi-laboratory Verification of US EPA Method 543 for the Analysis of Drinking Water Contaminants by Online Solid Phase Extraction-LC–MS-MS

A drinking water method for seven pesticides and pesticide degradates is presented that addresses the occurrence monitoring needs of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for a future Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (UCMR). The method employs online solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS-MS). Online SPE-LC-MS-MS has the potential to offer cost-effective, faster, more sensitive and more rugged methods than the traditional offline SPE approach due to complete automation of the SPE process, as well as seamless integration with the LC-MS-MS system. The method uses 2-chloroacetamide, ascorbic acid and Trizma to preserve the drinking water samples for up to 28 days. The mean recoveries in drinking water (from a surface water source) fortified with method analytes are 87.1-112% with relative standard deviations of <14%. Single laboratory lowest concentration minimum reporting levels of 0.27-1.7 ng/L are demonstrated with this methodology. Multi-laboratory data are presented that demonstrate method ruggedness and transferability. The final method meets all of the EPA's UCMR survey requirements for sample collection and storage, precision, accuracy, and sensitivity.
The Influence of Total Hip and Total Knee Arthroplasty on Sexual Function: A Prospective Study

INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip and the knee has been found to affect sexual activity. Few retrospective studies have investigated the role of total hip replacement on sexual function. We designed a prospective study to evaluate the influence of total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) on the physical and psychological aspects of sexuality of patients. METHODS Between April 2009 and April 2011, patients under 70 years of age scheduled for primary THA or TKA for OA were invited to anonymously participate in this study. All patients were recruited from the practices of 2 arthroplasty surgeons (at the same institution) by mailing the 2 questionnaires, 2 pre-paid self-addressed envelopes and a cover letter. Patients were instructed to mail back the pre-operative questionnaire prior to surgery and the post- operative questionnaire 6 months after surgery. Enrolled patients were also contacted after 1 year of surgery to fill a similar questionnaire. Responses were identified only by a unique code number on the questionnaire. RESULTS Out of 343 consecutive patients, 115 enrolled in the study by returning preoperative questionnaires. 95 of them returned 6 month questionnaires and 65 returned all questionnaires. The mean age of patients was 56.8 years (34–70) with 59 males and 56 females. 63.6% patients reported physical problems with sexual activity (pain 64%, different positions 52%, stiffness 30%, reduced libido 21%, inability to attain proper position 16%), and 91% reported psychological issues (general well-being 90%, sexual self-image 52%). Postoperatively, 46% reported increased intercourse frequency, 41% reported increased intercourse duration, 39% patients reported an improvement in libido, 84% had improvement in general well-being and 55% had improved sexual self-image. 19% patients reported fear of damaging replaced joint during sexual activity, while 7% patients reported their replacement surgery to adversely affect sexual function. CONCLUSION In 90% patients, THA or TKA improved overall sexual function. Patients with THA had better improvement in sexual function than patients with TKA. After THA, sexual activity improvement was significantly more in females than males.
Histone chaperone ASF1B promotes human β -cell proliferation via recruitment of histone H3.3

Anti-silencing function 1 (ASF1) is a histone H3-H4 chaperone involved in DNA replication and repair, and transcriptional regulation. Here, we identify ASF1B, the mammalian paralog to ASF1, as a proliferation-inducing histone chaperone in human β-cells. Overexpression of ASF1B led to distinct transcriptional signatures consistent with increased cellular proliferation and reduced cellular death. Using multiple methods of monitoring proliferation and mitotic progression, we show that overexpression of ASF1B is sufficient to induce human β-cell proliferation. Co-expression of histone H3.3 further augmented β-cell proliferation, whereas suppression of endogenous H3.3 attenuated the stimulatory effect of ASF1B. Using the histone binding-deficient mutant of ASF1B (V94R), we show that histone binding to ASF1B is required for the induction of β-cell proliferation. In contrast to H3.3, overexpression of histone H3 variants H3.1 and H3.2 did not have an impact on ASF1B-mediated induction of proliferation. Our findings reveal a novel role of ASF1B in human β-cell replication and show that ASF1B and histone H3.3A synergistically stimulate human β-cell proliferation.
Risk Factors for Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome in Active Individuals: An Evidence-Based Review.

Reference/Citation: Hamstra-Wright KL, Bliven KC, Bay C. Risk factors for medial tibial stress syndrome in physically active individuals such as runners and military personnel: a systematic review ...
Lower Blepharoplasty in Eyelids Previously Injected With Hyaluronic Acid Gel Filler

As under-eye filler injection has become widespread, it is important to understand possible differences and outcome of lower blepharoplasty in these patients. Herein, we describe our experience to ...
Crystal structure of (1E,1'E)-1,1'-(pyridine-2,6-di-yl)bis-[N-(2,3,4,5,6-penta-fluoro-phen-yl)ethan-1-imine].

The title compound, C21H9F10N3, represents a potential redox non-innocent pyridine di­imine ligand system. It consists of a central pyridine ring with two penta­fluoro­phenyl substituted imine groups in positions 2 and 6. The whole mol­ecule is generated by mirror symmetry, the mirror bis­ecting the N and para-C atom of the pyridine ring. The perfluoro­phenyl ring is inclined to the pyridine ring by 73.67 (8)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules stack along the a axis, but there are no significant inter­molecular inter­actions present.
The Coronet—Cameron Baker

This case and its companion, "The Coronet—Leslie Forsyte" (UVA-QA-0764), are intended for undergraduate, executive education, and MBA audiences. They were written for a "Bargaining and Negotiating" elective. This case is from the perspective of Cameron Baker, who owns a 1970 Dodge Coronet and needs to sell the car. Baker has a prospective buyer who has come to look at the car. Excerpt UVA-QA-0763 Rev. Apr. 27, 2012 The Coronet—Cameron Baker Five years ago, an old car came into Cameron Baker's life. The grandiose plan had been to restore the car into a showpiece as a family project during Baker's son's high school years. During those years, little had been done on the car, and upon Baker's son's graduation from high school, he had lost all interest in the project. Nonetheless, the elder Baker maintained sentimental hopes that someday the project would resume. Last week, however, Baker's son announced he would not have time to work on the car. Baker's spouse then declared, “Get it out of our backyard, now!” The car needed to go so that a fire pit could be built on that spot for the neighborhood picnic next month. Having a dilapidated car sitting in the backyard was not the image the Bakers wanted to project. The car was a 1970 Dodge Coronet. It had the same body as the 1970–73 Dodge Charger, Plymouth Road Runner, and Dodge Super Bee, so all the body parts were interchangeable, which made it an ideal car to restore. Regrettably, the car was not a Super Bee, which was by far the most valuable of the three models. Last year, a fully restored Super Bee had sold at a classic car auction for $ 81,000. Baker's “backyard wreck” was in fair to poor condition. The two front doors were in good shape with no rust and with the original glass windows. There was only minimal rust in the trunk. The metal on the back quarter panels showed minor rust holes and would require an expert to repair them. The rest of the car was rather rough: The front window was cracked, the interior upholstery would need to be completely replaced, and the motor was complete but did not run. The car would roll onto a trailer. Baker had checked with the local junk dealer and was offered $ 500 for the scrap value of the metal. Baker had also been perusing several local used-car classified websites for several weeks and had not seen a truly comparable car for sale. Baker had seen a 1971 model that sold for $ 1,200, but the motor ran. It was time to sell this thing, clean up the backyard, and build the new fire pit. Baker advertised the car on two local classified-ad websites as for sale and “in fair condition, best offer.” It had been listed for two weeks without one phone call. . . .
Abstract WP417: Oxygen Extraction Fraction Measured With MRI is Reduced After Blood Transfusion in Adults With Sickle Cell Anemia

Introduction: Blood transfusion for primary stroke prevention is well established in children but not adults with sickle cell anemia (SCA). Secondary stroke prevention in young adults with SCA is generally accepted. However blood transfusion therapy does not prevent all infarcts and recurrent assessment of cerebral physiology is likely necessary to portend stroke risk. Hypothesis: Oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), which reflects the balance of oxygen consumed to oxygen delivered, can be evaluated routinely noninvasively in vivo using MRI and reduces following blood transfusion; if confirmed, routine MRI-based OEF screening could be applied to evaluate impact of blood transfusion and other therapies on tissue-level impairment. Methods: The noninvasive T 2 -relaxation-under-spin-tagging (TRUST)-MRI method (duration=1min12s) was applied in adults with SCA (n=5) and age and race-matched control (n=11) volunteers. SCA volunteers were scanned pre- and post-transfusion and controls at two time points to assess healthy OEF reproducibility and hypothesized changes after transfusion, respectively. OEF changes were contrasted with symptoms, vasculopathy, and perfusion. A Kruskal-Wallis test with two-sided p Results: In adults with SCA, mean age 33±3 years (y) OEF was significantly elevated (p Conclusion: Noninvasive MRI can quickly detect expected reductions in OEF after blood transfusion. Ongoing work is focused on understanding relationships between OEF, changes in symptomatology and stroke risk in SCA. OEF has been predictive of stroke risk in other patient groups.
CRT-600.01 A Network Meta-analysis Comparing Clinical Outcomes of Thick- and Thin-Strut Biodegradable Polymer Stents with Second-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents

We performed a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the impact of biodegradable polymer stent strut thickness on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We searched MEDLINE/PubMed and performed a Bayesian network meta-
Justice System Response to Elderly Criminality

Violators of the criminal laws can be found in all age categories, including those defined as elderly offenders (65 and older). Older offenders have been convicted of almost all of the same types of crimes as those in other age categories, including violent crimes, such as murder, rape, armed robbery, and aggravated assault; property crimes, such as theft, destruction of property, and fraud; and crimes generally associated with organized crime or white-collar crime, such as extortion, money laundering, bribery, and corruption as well as being convicted of public order crimes, such as public intoxication and loitering. The severity of the crimes of the older offenders ranges from the most serious felony crime, such as aggravated murder, to minor misdemeanor crimes, such as petty theft. Many, perhaps the majority of older offenders, are situational offenders, while others are considered chronic or habitual offenders.
Staged Construction of Adjoints for Constrained Optimization of Integro-Differential Boundary-Value Problems

The objectives of this paper are threefold. First, the paper defines a staged construction paradigm for the necessary conditions for locally optimal solutions to integro-differential boundary-value problems that mirrors the natural decomposition of the original constraints. Second, it details a library of realizations of the zero functions, monitor functions, and contributions to the adjoint equations associated with each stage of problem construction. Third, it illustrates the application of this framework to multisegment trajectory problems, for example, in the analysis of spacecraft optimal control problems. The proposed construction paradigm generalizes a formulation for the construction of integro-differential-algebraic continuation problems in the software package COCO to also include automatically generated adjoint terms. The implementation enables arbitrarily many levels of nested construction with larger problems assembled from smaller ones, and multiple instances of a problem class combined insi...
The clinician–patient working alliance: is it a significant predictor of psychiatric medication adherence in a sample of recently released parolees?

Persistent psychiatric symptoms can serve as a major barrier to the successful reintegration of parolees with mental illness. Thus, it is important to identify factors that might impact their mental health recovery, such as low adherence to their treatment regimen. Although many studies have examined the issue of psychiatric medication nonadherence, very few studies have focused specifically on justice-involved individuals. The strength of the clinician/patient working alliance has been found to be significantly associated with psychiatric medication adherence in prior research, but this relationship has not been assessed in a parolee population. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine if patient-rated working alliance was a significant predictor of low psychiatric medication adherence while taking into account alcohol/illegal drug use, age, and ethnicity in a sample of recently released parolees with mental illness (N=49). Patient-rated working alliance, age, and ethnicity were not significant predictors of low adherence. Alcohol/illegal drug use during the follow-up period was associated with a significantly increased likelihood of meeting the criteria for low medication adherence (OR=8.36; 95% CI=1.60, 43.66). The findings from this study highlight the importance of addressing alcohol and illegal drug use issues as part of the psychiatric treatment plan for returning prisoners with mental illness.
Decomposition of Markov Processes

We have studied the decomposition of an invariant Markov process, under a non-transitive action of a topological group, into a radial and an angular parts in § 1.5 and § 1.6. In this chapter, this decomposition will be studied in light of the representation theory of inhomogeneous Levy processes in the homogeneous spaces of Lie groups developed in the previous chapter. In §9.1, the extended Levy triple used in the representation of an inhomogeneous Levy process will be extended to a functional form, and the decomposition of an invariant Markov processes will be described in terms of this functional triple. In §9.2, for a continuous invariant Markov process with irreducible orbits, we establish a skew-product decomposition into a radial motion and an independent angular motion with a time change, which extends the well-known skew-product of Brownian motion in \(\mathbb {R}^n\). §9.3 and §9.4 are devoted to a more detailed study of invariant diffusion processes. As a simple application, in §9.5, we study a diffusion process in a Euclidean space that is invariant under the translations in a subspace. In §9.6, we consider a simple example with jumps.
Metabolite Specific Methods Using Double Quantum Coherence Transfer Spectroscopy

One of the great challenges in proton in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is editing for metabolites which occur during tumor metabolism, or as the end products of hypoxic or ischemic insult to normal tissue. These compounds may include lactate, alanine, glutamine and taurine. Lactate is of particular interest since it is present in levels of less than one millimolar in most normal tissue, but can rise to thirty millimolar in abnormal tissue. In order to observe lactate in tissue other than brain the overlapping lipid signal must be removed, requiring some sort of editing technique, in addition to efficient water suppression. The above compounds have the property that they are ‘J’ coupled and are hence amenable to J-modulation, polarization transfer, and multiple quantum editing schemes.
Gravitational Spin Interactions

Some years ago H. Dass pointed out that essentially nothing is known about the possibility of an interaction between the spin S of an elementary particle and the field of a gravitating body of mass M (ref. 1). I will comment here briefly about the nature of such an interaction and the possibilities for measuring such terms by optical pumping NMR methods.
Applying the Optimum Index Factor to Multiple Data Types in Soil Survey

Digital soil mapping requires simple, straight-forward methods that can be easily implemented into daily activities of soil survey. The Optimum Index Factor (OIF) was developed by Chavez et al. (1982, 1984) as a method for determining the three-band combination that maximizes the variability in a particular multispectral scene. The OIF is based on the amount of total variance and correlation within and between all possible band combinations in the dataset. Although the OIF method was developed for Landsat TM data, the concept and methodology are applicable to any multilayer dataset. We used the OIF method in a subset area of the initial soil survey of the Duchesne Area, Utah, USA, to help determine which combination of data layers would be most useful for modeling soil distribution. Unique multiband images created from layers of multiple data types (elevation and remote sensing derivatives) were evaluated using the OIF method to determine which data layers would maximize the biophysical variability in the study area. A multiband image was created from the optimum combinations of data layers and used for classification and modeling in ERDAS Imagine. The output from the classification and modeling are being evaluated as pre-maps for soil mapping activities in the study area.
Subjects and objects of public administration in the sphere of fire safety in Ukraine

У статті проаналізовано сучасний стан нормативно-правового забезпечення діяльності органів державного управління у сфері пожежної безпеки України. Розглянуто їх місце, роль та функції у забезпеченні пожежної безпеки, необхідність подальшого впорядкування і вдосконалення нормативно-правового регулювання у даній галузі з метою оптимізації роботи державних органів у сфері пожежної безпеки України, усунення дублювання їх функцій. Проаналізовано суб’єкти та об’єкти державного управління у сфері пожежної безпеки в Україні, закріплені у нормативно-правових актах. Запропоновано внести зміни до системи діючого Законодавства в Україні у сфері пожежної безпеки, зокрема до Кодексу цивільного захисту України (2012), та побудовано прескриптивну модель суб’єктно-об’єктних правовідносин державного управління пожежної безпеки.
Chapter 4 – Gauss's Law: Flux and Charge Are Related

Electricity is difficult to comprehend in part because we cannot actually see the electric charge that produces specific electrical effects. However, by tracing the path of the field lines due to a set of electric charges, one could locate the charges, and even determine their magnitudes. This is the basis of field-line drawing rule. For more precision, field lines can be replaced by electric flux. A consequence of the Gauss's law is that if the electric flux leaving the surface of an object is known, either by calculation or by measurement, one can determine the electric charge within that object. The Gauss's law allows the determination of the total or net electric charge inside the potato-shaped Gaussian surface, without actually measuring that charge. Charge distributions of three types produce a flux that is uniform or zero for all parts of an appropriately chosen Gaussian surface: centro-symmetric charge distributions with spherical, cylindrical, and planar symmetry. The Gauss's law and the knowledge of the charge enable the deduction of the magnitude of the electric field for these surfaces. The chapter proves Gauss's law by using the concept of solid angle.
Total Synthesis of (±)- and (+)-Valienamine via a Strategy Derived from New Palladium-Catalyzed Reactions

A new strategy toward glycosidase inhibitors, represented by valienamine, which is such an inhibitor itself as well as a critical unit of pseudooligosaccharides that function this way, evolved from two newly developed palladium-catalyzed reactions. The applicability of a palladium(0)-catalyzed net regioselective cis-hydroxyamination derives from the reaction of vinyl epoxides with isocyanates. The utilization of a cocatalyst in this reaction is required in this case and may prove generally useful. A bidentate phosphite proved to be the most effective ligand. The requisite substrate was available via a Diels−Alder protocol and allowed the obtention of (±)-valienamine in only seven steps. The inability to perform the Diels−Alder reaction asymmetrically led to a different asymmetric synthesis of the pivotal epoxide intermediate in enantiomerically pure form, which derived from asymmetric palladium-catalyzed reactions. Using the desymmetrization of meso enedicarboxylates, the net equivalence of an asymmetric ...
Incidence of hypertension in obstructive sleep apnea using hypopneas defined by 3 percent oxygen desaturation or arousal but not by only 4 percent oxygen desaturation.

Study Objectives:This analysis determined ∼5-year incident hypertension rates using the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association blood pressure (BP) guidelines in individuals ...
Radial artery neuro guide catheter entrapment during mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke: Rescue brachial plexus block.

To our knowledge, radial artery catheter entrapment during mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke using an 8 F neuro guiding catheter (.088 in ID) and successful use of a brachial plexus...
Ectogestation and the Problem of Abortion

Ectogestation involves the gestation of a fetus in an ex utero environment. The possibility of this technology raises a significant question for the abortion debate: Does a woman’s right to end her pregnancy entail that she has a right to the death of the fetus when ectogestation is possible? Some have argued that it does not Mathison & Davis (Bioeth 31:313–320, 2017). Others claim that, while a woman alone does not possess an individual right to the death of the fetus, the genetic parents have a collective right to its death Rasanen (Bioeth 31:697–702, 2017). In this paper, I argue that the possibility of ectogestation will radically transform the problem of abortion. The argument that I defend purports to show that, even if it is not a person, there is no right to the death of a fetus that could be safely removed from a human womb and gestated in an artificial womb, because there are competent people who are willing to care for and raise the fetus as it grows into a person. Thus, given the possibility of ectogestation, the moral status of the fetus plays no substantial role in determining whether there is a right to its death.
External Ear Diseases: A Comprehensive Review of the Pathologies With Neuroradiological Considerations

The peripheral auditory system is subdivided into 3 compartments: the external, middle, and inner ear. Historically, the middle and inner ear have garnered more attention in the imaging literature, due to their intricate anatomy and complexity of pathologies. The external ear, however, has attained less recognition given its relatively straightforward anatomy and convenience of direct visual examination. The continued advancement in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging has expanded the role of radiology in the evaluation of the external ear lesions. The purpose of this article is to offer a comprehensive review of external ear pathologies, including congenital, inflammatory, infectious, traumatic, neoplastic, and rare disease entities and their imaging findings.
Teaming, Collaboration, and Case-Based Learning: A Transdisciplinary Approach to Early Intervention/Education

Throughout the United States, an increasingly strong emphasis is placed on interprofessional personnel preparation, particularly in the field of early intervention/education. Teams of professionals representing multiple disciplines work collaboratively to provide optimal services for young children (birth through age eight) with delays or disabilities; therefore, university students representing multiple disciplines are educated together in preparation for them to collaborate with other professionals and family members when they began their careers. The purpose of this article is to describe how faculty members from multiple disciplines (e.g., early childhood special education, general early childhood, physical therapy, occupational therapy) and schools at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) prepare graduate students through an interprofessional development program. Students are taught to collaborate and serve as team members using transdisciplinary procedures. Cases of young children with delays or disabilities are used to illustrate how to collaboratively address the issues and challenges identified in each case. This article explains the case-based process that is used at UAB to prepare graduate students to provide transdisciplinary services and includes the development of teaming skills and practices that are responsive to cultural and economic diversity.
Thermal and structural characterization of two commercially available technical lignins for potential depolymerization via hydrothermal liquefaction

Abstract Lignin is a complex polyaromatic macromolecule and a potential source of various sustainable materials and feedstock chemicals. To this end, researchers have made some considerable efforts in depolymerizing lignin into sustainable aromatics, even though there is limited success so far as the exact structure of native lignin is still virtually unknown due to its highly heterogeneous nature. Besides, technical lignin undergoes unintended structural modifications during the chemical pulping and extraction processes making its final structure even more complicated. Therefore, understanding the lignin structure and its macromolecular characteristics is essential for its proper utilization. In this study, two technical lignins, such as indulin AT and alkali-treated lignin, were investigated in terms of thermal and structural properties. The characterization data were linked to their potential application in hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). Thermal behaviors were studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Indulin AT was found to be thermally more stable compared to alkali lignin. Structural characterization was performed using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). Cupric oxide oxidation was utilized to selectively degrade the lignin into its monomers (H/G/S-moieties), which were identified with GC-MS. The results suggested that the selected lignins are mainly composed of G-type monomers. The detailed characterization studies also revealed minor structural differences between the two lignins due to their respective delignification process. Indulin AT underwent higher structural modifications due to the harsher delignification process and hinted to show more recalcitrance toward depolymerization than alkali lignin.
A review of kidney transplantation from HCV-viremic donors into HCV-negative recipients.

The safety and efficacy of direct-acting antiviral therapies have allowed the transplantation of organs from hepatitis C virus (HCV)–viremic donors into uninfected recipients. This novel strategy contrasts with the previous standard-of-care practice of limiting the transplantation of HCV infected–donor organs to HCV-infected recipients, or all too often, discarding viable organs. In this review, we summarize the published literature about the safety and feasibility of transplanting organs from HCV-viremic donors, the challenges that hinder wider adoption of this strategy, and future research needs.
ACL Return to Sport Testing: It's Time to Step up Our Game.

Patients and physicians have long looked to physical therapists to help determine an athlete’s readiness to return to sport (RTS) following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). This is a complex decision that must take into account biological healing, joint stability, functional performance, and psychological readiness. Considering that the vast majority of medical professionals use time as the sole determinant of an athlete’s readiness, and few are using performance-based criteria, it appears as though our profession is failing to capture the necessary information to make this weighty recommendation. The time is now to take a hard look at current practice patterns with RTS testing and push the envelope forward. The purpose of this clinical commentary is challenge our failing status quo by disseminating a robust model for RTS testing that incorporates temporal and criterion-based factors, as well as intrinsic and extrinsic data. # Level of Evidence 5
Adapting and Testing the Self-Efficacy in Environmental Risk Reduction Instrument Among Spanish-Speaking Populations.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to adapt and test the Self-Efficacy in Environmental Risk Reduction instrument in a Spanish-speaking population. METHODS Harkness' model of cross-cultural survey design was used to adapt the instrument. We sampled 95 adult, Spanish speakers from a federally qualified health clinic. Exploratory factor analysis with maximum likelihood estimation was used to analyze the factor structure. RESULTS A 1-factor model provided the best fit to the data. The latent construct of the instrument is household environmental health self-efficacy. All items loaded higher than 0.610, indicating each item explains at least 36% variance in the latent construct. Cronbach's alpha indicates the scale has high internal consistency (α = .92). CONCLUSIONS Respondents conceptualize self-efficacy in environmental risk reduction as practical solutions to minimize household risks.
Dark Matter Direct Detection of Classical WIMPs

One of the highest priorities in particle physics today is the identification of the constituents of dark matter. This manuscript is a supplement to pedagogical lectures given at the 2021 Les Houches Summer School on Dark Matter. The lectures cover topics related to the direct detection of WIMP dark matter, including the distribution of dark matter, nuclear scattering, backgrounds, planning and designing of experiments and a sampling of planned and ongoing experiments.