cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Mechanics of Looped-Pile Carpets Part I: Deformation1

The idealized geometry of a looped-pile carpet is analyzed. Mechanisms of deformation are outlined, and the limiting conditions for each mechanism are discussed. Expressions are derived for both the initial and final geometries of the loop. Strain levels in the fibers in a deformed carpet are predicted, and the results are presented in dimensionless parameters which can be easily converted into usual textile terms.Attention is given to the practical implications of this mathematical approach to carpet design.
Classroom Management Training for Teachers in Urban Environments Serving Predominately African American Students: A Review of the Literature.

The purpose of this paper was to review the literature in terms of professional development activities that researchers have enlisted to reduce student problem behaviors and improve classroom management competencies among teachers who work in urban environments serving predominately African American students. First, the author conducted a systematic literature review to collect articles that studied trainings intended to reduce student problem behaviors and improve classroom management competencies. Next, the author summarized the literature in terms of types of trainings, populations, designs, measures, intended outcomes, and results. Based on themes found in the literature, the author discussed implications and suggestions for future research.
Estimation of Location and Orientation From Range Measurements

Localization is an important required task for enabling vehicle autonomy. Localization entails the determination of the position of the center of mass and orientation of a vehicle from the available measurements. In this paper, we focus on localization by using the range measurements available to a vehicle from the communication of its multiple onboard receivers with roadside beacons. The model proposed for measurement is as follows: the true distance between a receiver and a beacon is at most equal to a predetermined function of the range measurement. The proposed procedure for localization is as follows: Based on the range measurements specific to a receiver from the beacons, a finite LP (linear programming) is proposed to estimate the location of the receiver. The estimate is essentially the Chebychev center of the set of possible locations of the receiver. In the second step, the location estimates of the vehicle are corrected using rigid body motion constraints and the orientation of the rigid body is thus determined. Two numerical examples provided at the end corroborate the procedures developed in this paper.© 2015 ASME
PH concentration of intestinal contents of dog, with special reference to inorganic metabolism

Ten dogs were fed a normal diet (125 gm. meat, 100 gm. cracker meal, 30 gm. bone ash, 15 gm. lard, 300 cc. water); 3 dogs were fed a diet comparatively high in carbohydrate (25 gm. meat, 150 gm. cracker meal, 30 gm. bone ash, 30 gm. lard, 350 cc. water); 2 dogs were fed a high protein diet (300 gm. meat); and 2 a diet high in fat (50 gm. meat, 50 gm. cracker meal, 30 gm. bone ash, 180 gm. lard).Fifteen dogs were fed a diet which has been shown by Mellanby3 to produce rickets in young dogs (175 cc. milk, 200 gm. white bread, 2 gm. NaCl). Of these, 4 were also fed 10 cc. of cod-liver oil daily; and 5 were irradiated with ultra-violet light for periods ranging from 40 min. to 3 exposures of 45 min. each on consecutive days. Four to six hours after the last feeding the dogs were killed by intravenous injection of amytal, and the alimentary canal removed. The contents of the stomach, duodenum, 2 ft. sections of the intestine, the caecum, and the colon were obtained and the pH determined.112 determinations (15 ...
Potentiality and Representation: The Link between Descriptive Representation and Participation in the United States

One crucial element of Hanna Pitkin's (1967) definition of political representation has been relatively neglected in the voluminous literature her work has inspired. That element is what I will refer to as potentiality, the subjunctive idea that to be considered represented, citizens must feel that someone would defend their interests if those interests were threatened. Attention to potentiality provides a reason to value descriptive representation. Second, it illuminates the representation provided by nonelected leaders and social groups. Third, it clarifies the reciprocal links between participation and representation: persons who are participatory have better grounds to believe that their interests will be protected, and those who have such a belief participate more. Evidence to support this claimed relationship between participation and representation is presented for the U.S. case.
Introduction to Materials Processing

This chapter defines the field of materials processing and the scope of the text overall. Materials processing is the series of steps that converts a starting material into a useful form with controlled structural features and properties. The importance of materials processing to the discipline of materials science and engineering is described. Three approaches to materials processing are introduced: forming processes (creating shapes using dies, molds and forces), additive processes (creating shapes layer-by-layer using a computer file containing the details of the part shape), and subtractive processes (removing material from a block to leave behind the shape of interest). The chapters and the book focus on forming and additive processes. Examples of these approaches across metals, ceramics, and polymers are given.
Endothelial cell hyperpolarization increases [Ca2+]i and venular microvessel permeability

We tested the hypothesis that Ca2+ influx into endothelial cells forming the walls of intact venular microvessels was increased when the cell membranes were hyperpolarized. Cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was measured after the endothelial cells forming the microvessel wall were loaded with fura 2, endothelial cell membrane potential was measured with the membrane potential dye bis-oxonol, and hydraulic conductivity (Lp) of the vessels was measured by the modified Landis technique to follow changes in microvessel permeability. When microvessels were exposed to low-K+ (0.1 mM) Ringer solution, the membrane of the endothelial cells was hyperpolarized approximately 27 mV and [Ca2+]i increased from 47 nM to a peak value of 151 +/- 28 nM. Under the same experimental conditions, Lp increased to a peak 6.3 times control. In the presence of ionomycin (5 microM), the initial peak [Ca2+]i measured with low-K+ Ringer solution was 347 +/- 58 nM compared with 252 +/- 58 nM with ionophore and normal Ringer solution. The corresponding initial increases in Lp were 28 times control and 10 times control, respectively. The results conform to the hypothesis that vasoactive substances that hyperpolarize the endothelial cell membrane may initiate and/or potentiate the inflammatory response in venular microvessels.
Experimental Research of Influence Factors in Detecting Corona Discharge by UV Imaging Method

After analyzing the UV imaging method applied to corona discharge detection in electric power device and its influencing factors,an experimental research is taken on test field in a 1 000 kV substation.The experimental results show that the test distance,gain and environmental humidity have great influence on UV imaging test results.The relationship between these main influence factors and the photon counting rate verify the theoretical analysis.Field application of UV imaging instrument and evaluation of UV imaging test data can benefit due to the experimental research.
Understanding the dynamics and energetics of magnetic reconnection in a laboratory plasma: Review of recent progress on selected fronts

Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental process at work in laboratory, space, and astrophysical plasmas, in which magnetic field lines change their topology and convert magnetic energy to plasma particles by acceleration and heating. One of the most important problems in reconnection research has been to understand why reconnection occurs so much faster than predicted by magnetohydrodynamics theory. Following the recent pedagogical review of this subject [Yamada et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 603 (2010)], this paper presents a review of more recent discoveries and findings in the research of fast magnetic reconnection in laboratory, space, and astrophysical plasmas. In spite of the huge difference in physical scales, we find remarkable commonality between the characteristics of the magnetic reconnection in laboratory and space plasmas. In this paper, we will focus especially on the energy flow, a key feature of the reconnection process. In particular, the experimental results on the energy conversion and partitioning in a laboratory reconnection layer [Yamada et al., Nat. Commun. 5, 4474 (2014)] are discussed and compared with quantitative estimates based on two-fluid analysis. In the Magnetic ReconnectionExperiment, we find that energy deposition to electrons is localized near the X-point and is mostly from the electric field component perpendicular to the magnetic field. The mechanisms of ion acceleration and heating are also identified, and a systematic and quantitative study on the inventory of converted energy within a reconnection layer with a well-defined but variable boundary. The measured energy partition in a reconnection region of similar effective size (L ≈ 3 ion skin depths) of the Earth's magneto-tail [Eastwood et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 225001 (2013)] is notably consistent with our laboratory results. Finally, to study the global aspects of magnetic reconnection, we have carried out a laboratory experiment on the stability criteria for solar flare eruptions, including “storage and release” mechanisms of magnetic energy. We show that toroidalmagnetic flux generated by magnetic relaxation (reconnection) processes generates a new stabilizing force which prevents plasma eruption. This result has led us to discover a new stabilizing force for solar flares [Myers et al., Nature 528, 526 (2015)].
Antineoplastic activity of BCG: location of antineoplastic glycans in the cellular integument of Mycobacterium bovis, BCG vaccine, Connaught substrain.

The polysaccharidic integument surrounding growing cells of attenuated Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine, Connaught substrain, can be removed with non-specific proteases. After 5 weeks incubation at 37 degrees C in Middlebrook 7H-9 medium, the collected cells were incubated with pronase and the integument and cells separated by centrifugation in a Ficoll-Histopaque preparation. After washing and drying, the detached integument accounted for 65% w/w of the original dried cell mass. Like the original cellular material, the detached integument manifested antineoplastic activity against a murine sarcoma model in vivo. Solubilization of the otherwise insoluble integument by boiling in water or by digestion in 8 M urea significantly enhanced activity of the integument itself, by 125 and 1,100 times, respectively. Integument extracts were shown to contain mainly glucose, with smaller quantities of other sugars, consistent with the presence in BCG of high molecular weight glycans, as previously reported. It is suggested that most, if not all, of the antineoplastic activity of BCG can be accounted for by the activity associated with the high-molecular weight polysaccharidic glycans which constitute the cellular integument.
Online instrumental variable regression with applications to online linear system identification

Instrumental variable regression (IVR) is a statistical technique utilized to recover unbiased estimators when there are errors in the independent variables. Estimator bias in learned time series models can yield poor performance in applications such as long-term prediction and filtering where the recursive use of the model results in the accumulation of propagated error. However, prior work addressed the IVR objective in the batch setting, where it is necessary to store the entire dataset in memory - an infeasible requirement in large dataset scenarios. In this work, we develop Online Instrumental Variable Regression (OIVR), an algorithm that is capable of updating the learned estimator with streaming data. We show that the online adaptation of IVR enjoys a no-regret performance guarantee with respect to the original batch setting by taking advantage of any no-regret online learning algorithm inside OIVR for the underlying update steps. We experimentally demonstrate the efficacy of our algorithm in combination with popular no-regret online algorithms for the task of learning predictive dynamical system models and on a prototypical econometrics instrumental variable regression problem.
Evaluating risk factors for chronic kidney disease in pediatric patients with sickle cell anemia.

Patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) have an increased prevalence of nephropathy and mortality from chronic kidney disease (CKD). We evaluated the association of hyperuricemia and nocturnal hypertension with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using cystatin-C in patients aged 10–21 years with the HbSS or HbSB0 form of the disease during a non-acute clinic visit. eGFR and uric acid measurements were obtained in 83 and 81 participants, respectively, and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed in 44 participants. Annual testing included vital signs, complete blood count, comprehensive metabolic panel, medications, urine microalbumin/creatinine, and lactate dehydrogenase measurements. Hyperuricemia was defined as a uric acid level of ≥5.5 mg/dL. Nocturnal hypertension was defined as >25% of nocturnal readings at >95th percentile according to norms established by the American Heart Association Statement on ABPM in children and adolescents. The mean eGFR was statistically significantly lower in patients with hyperuricemia than in those with normal uric acid levels (143 vs. 161 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively). Of the 44 participants for whom ABPM data were available, 14 (32%) had systolic nocturnal hypertension and 12 (27%) had diastolic nocturnal hypertension. The mean eGFR was statistically significantly lower in participants with nocturnal systolic and diastolic hypertension than in those with normal nocturnal blood pressure. In a regression model, nocturnal hypertension and hyperuricemia were associated with a lower eGFR. Two risk factors for CKD, i.e., nocturnal hypertension and hyperuricemia, were associated with lower eGFR in older children and adolescent patients with SCA. Long-term studies on their association with progression to CKD in this population are warranted. Nocturnal hypertension and hyperuricemia are established risk factors for nephropathy in other diseases and may play a role in SCA nephropathy.
The Role of Moonlighting GAPDH in Cell Proliferation: The Dynamic Nature of GAPDH Expression and Subcellular Localization

“If it looks like a duck, if it quacks like a duck, if it walks like a duck, it’s a duck”—a humorous term for a form of abductive reasoning
Methods for the visualization and analysis of extracellular matrix protein structure and degradation

This chapter highlights methods for visualization and analysis of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, with particular emphasis on collagen type I, the most abundant protein in mammals. Protocols described range from advanced imaging of complex in vivo matrices to simple biochemical analysis of individual ECM proteins. The first section of this chapter describes common methods to image ECM components and includes protocols for second harmonic generation, scanning electron microscopy, and several histological methods of ECM localization and degradation analysis, including immunohistochemistry, Trichrome staining, and in situ zymography. The second section of this chapter details both a common transwell invasion assay and a novel live imaging method to investigate cellular behavior with respect to collagen and other ECM proteins of interest. The final section consists of common electrophoresis-based biochemical methods that are used in analysis of ECM proteins. Use of the methods described herein will enable researchers to gain a greater understanding of the role of ECM structure and degradation in development and matrix-related diseases such as cancer and connective tissue disorders.
Addressing Patients' Veteran Status: Primary Care Providers' Knowledge, Comfort, and Educational Needs.

Background and objectives The military population is frequently overlooked in civilian primary care due to an assumption that they are treated at the Veterans Health Administration (VA). However, less than 50% of eligible veterans receive VA treatment. Primary care providers (PCPs) may need support in addressing veterans' needs. This regional pilot study explored the current state of practice among primary care providers as it pertains to assessing patients' veteran status and their knowledge of and comfort with treating common conditions in this population. Methods An electronic survey was administered to PCPs (N=102) in Western New York. Survey questions asked about assessing military status, understanding of military-related health problems, and thoughts on the priority of addressing these issues in practice. Data were analyzed using descriptive summary statistics. Results The majority (56%; n=54) of respondents indicated they never or rarely ask their patients about military service, and only 19% (n=18) said they often or always ask. Seventy-one percent (n=68) of providers agreed or strongly agreed it was important to know if their patient was a veteran. Participants indicated limited knowledge about military stressors, resources available for military populations, and common medical conditions impacting veterans. Conclusions Our pilot results demonstrate that in a regional sample of primary care providers, providers rarely ask patients about their military history; however, they feel it is important information for patient care. While further study is needed, it may be necessary to provide education, specifically pertaining to military culture and health-related sequelae, to address barriers that may be limiting PCPs' provision of care for this population.
Psychiatric comorbidity and treatment response in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex.

BACKGROUND Behavioral and psychiatric comorbidity are common in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), but information regarding psychopharmacologic management is lacking. METHODS We reviewed clinical records of patients evaluated over a 20-month period at a large, quaternary referral center specializing in the comprehensive management of patients with TSC. Data were collected regarding psychiatric diagnoses, psychopharmacologic medications used to treat these disorders, and clinical response to treatment at follow-up. RESULTS There were 113 encounters by 62 pediatric and adult patients with TSC, which were included in the present analysis. Behavioral and anxiety disorders were most prevalent, as were autism spectrum disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Antipsychotics, antidepressants, and anticonvulsants with mood-stabilizing properties were the most often prescribed psychoactive medications and were associated with an overall improvement or stabilization of psychiatric symptoms 65% of the time. CONCLUSIONS Psychiatric comorbidity, especially behavioral disorders, is very common among patients with TSC. Pharmacologic treatment can be very effective and should be considered for optimal disease management in affected individuals.
Non-Anticipative Canonical Representations of Equivalent Gaussian Processes

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a study of non-anticipative representations of equivalent Gaussian processes whose existence has been established by Kallianpur and Oodaira, and by Kailath and Duttweiler. The representation given by Kallianpur and Oodaira is further analyzed using the theory of canonical representations. In the chapter, Hitsuda's approach is extended to obtain an essentially martingale theoretic proof and the derivation of non-anticipative representations for Gaussian processes whose canonical representations have continuous multiplicity one and discrete multiplicity zero.
Technology versus methodology support for database design: a study of designer choice related to perception and performance

Information Systems (IS) designers often have to choose between directly applying design methods and/or using technology to support design methods. The purpose of this research is to develop a better understanding of how the choice between design approaches - design methods versus advanced technology - may impact the perceptions and performance of IS designers. The literature suggests that the scope of criteria useful in evaluating design methods and approaches is expanding. Research into methodology and technology support should include aspects addressing how a design approach impacts the designer, facilitates designeruser communications, and supports the implementation process of transforming conceptual models into more computeroriented forms. Through a laboratory experiment, this research investigates database design support by comparing a data modeling design approach (Kroenke Semantic Object approach) to a technology-based approach (Analyst designer software). The research findings provide insights into perceived and performance- based support provided by the different design approaches. In general, performance and perceptions with respect to type of support are not entirely consistent. There appears to be an underlying theme addressing the trade-offs between usability and the technical implementation support provided. When possible dysfunctional consequences exist regarding these trade-offs, IS managers should communicate to their designers that implementation integrity should not be sacrificed for increased usability, or vice-versa. Database designers need to be aware of these issues in design methods, especially those related to design performance, and seek means of mitigating any negative impact on the integrity of the databases designed.
Lattice Ordered Division Rings Exist

A noncommutative lattice ordered division ring D which is not totally ordered here will be called a proper l-division ring. So far in the literature, there are two general methods of constructing l—division rings, and one example. An easily applicable and clear method is in [CD; p.387, Proposition 2.2]; and a generalization of a special case of this is in [D2; p.304, VII-2.9, VII-2.11]. The latter is used to construct an actual example in [D2; p.318, VII-4.4], However, in the latter algebraic and lattice operations cannot be carried out explicitly because the Ore condition is used in the construction.
Gravity-Induced Segregation of Cohesionless Granular Mixtures

Working with the context of a theory proposed recently by Fried, Gurtin and Hutter [6], we consider a one-dimensional problem involving a granular mixture of K > 2 discrete sizes bounded below by an impermeable base, above by an evolving free surface, and subject to gravity. We demonstrate the existence of a solution in which the medium segregates by particle size. For a mixture of small and large particles (K = 2),we use methods of Smoller [30] to show that the segregated solution is unique. Further, for a mixture of small, medium, and large particles (K = 3), we use LeVeque’s [18] CLAWPACK to construct numerical solutions and find that these compare favourably with analytical predictions.
Redress and Reparation Movements (RRM) in Response to the Japanese Comfort Women System

Chapter 7 examines how the Japanese Imperial Army, with knowledge and support from the Japanese government, systematically detained and enslaved approximately 200,000 women during the Asia Pacific War, and in particular examines reactions/response to women who were taken from South Korea and the Dutch East Indies. The chapter then moves to examine the associated redress and reparation movement (RRM) and its interaction with international society.
Intake and digestion of low-, medium-, and high-quality grass hays by lambs receiving increasing levels of corn supplementation

Thirty wether lambs (52.5 ± 1.5 kg) were used in a replicated 3 x 5 factorial treatment arrangement and four periods to determine dietary intake and digestibility of three ground forages with increasing levels of supplemental ground corn. Forages were a mature, low-protein grass hay (LQH ; 5.2% CP), an immature, medium-protein grass hay (MQH ; 10.2% CP), and an immature, high-protein grass hay (HQH ; 14.2% CP). Supplementation treatments were no supplement (NS), a protein supplement (PS), protein plus.25% BW of corn (LC), protein plus.5% BW of corn (MC), and protein plus .75% BW of corn (HC). Crude protein intake (1.4 g/kg BW) from supplements was equalized with soybean meal and corn gluten meal. Lambs were housed in metabolism crates. Supplements were fed at 0700 each morning after orts from the previous day's feeding were removed. Hay was subsequently offered at approximately the previous day's consumption plus 25%. Each of the four periods lasted 21 d. Sixteen days were allowed for diet adaptation. Feces were collected with fecal bags during d 17 to 21. Lambs receiving LQH and PS had higher forage (P .11), and corn supplementation did not affect total DMI (P>.20) with either MQH or HQH. Forage DMI by lambs fed MQH and HQH decreased linearly (P < .005) as corn supplementation increased. Apparent DM digestibility increased linearly (P <.001) as supplementation increased for both MQH and HQH, and starch digestion by lambs receiving all forages increased (P <.009) quadratically as level of supplemental corn increased. Digestible DMI increased (P =.04) quadratically with lambs receiving LQH as level of supplemental corn increased, and digestible DMI increased (P =.05) linearly with lambs consuming MQH as level of supplemental corn increased. Intake of DE by lambs fed MQH increased linearly (P <.05) as corn supplementation increased. Corn supplementation did not affect (P <.66) digestible DMI or DE intake with HQH. These data suggest that response of lambs to increasing levels of supplemental corn is dependent on forage quality.
Ultrasound-assisted Lumbar Punctures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND Lumbar punctures (LPs) are a common procedure in emergency medicine. However, studies have found that failed procedure rates can be as high as 50%. Ultrasound has been suggested to improve success rates by visually identifying the location and trajectory for the LP procedure. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to determine whether the use of ultrasound improved the rate of successful LP performance. METHODS PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, LILACS, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and bibliographies of selected articles were assessed for all randomized controlled trials comparing the success rates of ultrasound-assisted LP with landmark-based LP. Secondary outcomes included the rate of traumatic LPs, time to procedural success, number of needle passes, and patient pain score. Data were dual extracted into a predefined worksheet, and quality analysis was performed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Data were summarized and a meta-analysis was performed with subgroup analyses by pediatric versus adult patients and by operator training level. RESULTS Twelve studies (n = 957 total patients) were identified. Ultrasound-assisted LP was successful in 90.0% of patients and landmark-based LP was successful in 81.4% of patients. The calculated risk difference (RD) was 8.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2% to 16.7%) with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.22 (95% CI = 1.03 to 4.77) in favor of the ultrasound-assisted group. There were fewer traumatic LPs in the ultrasound-assisted group (10.7% vs. 26.5%; RD = -16.4%, 95% CI = -27.6% to -5.2%; OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.18 to 0.45). Ultrasound-assisted LP was also associated with a shorter time to successful LP (6.87 minutes vs. 7.97 minutes), fewer mean needle passes (2.07 vs. 2.66), and lower patient pain scores (3.75 vs. 6.31). CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound-assisted LPs were associated with higher success rates, fewer traumatic LPs, shorter time to successful LP, fewer needle passes, and lower patient pain scores. Ultrasound should be considered prior to performing all LPs, especially in patients with difficult anatomy. Further studies are recommended to determine whether this effect is consistent in both adult and pediatric subgroups, as well as the impact of transducer type and body habitus on this technique.
Mutation Signatures Depend on Epigenomic Contexts.

Mutation signatures – the patterns of acquired genetic changes in somatic genomes – provide critical insights into DNA repair defects and exposure to mutagenic processes during development, aging, and cancer progression. Efforts to decipher the etiology of the emerging computationally predicted mutation signatures in cancer genomes are currently underway. Since chromatin and epigenomic contexts influence DNA damage and repair pathway choices, taking both epigenomic and sequence contexts of the mutations into consideration is likely to benefit interpretation of mutation signatures.
Properties of fusion-relevant liquid Li-Sn alloys: An ab initio molecular-dynamics study

Abstract Plasma-facing conditions in a fusion reactor present challenges of erosion and brittleness for solid materials; a liquid metal alternative potentially could provide a self-healing and replenishing first wall. Among the most promising candidates, Li-Sn alloys have desirable characteristics derived from both of their elemental constituents. However, their deployment has been limited due to a lack of experimental data for many properties at the concentration ratios of interest (Li30Sn70 and Li20Sn80). Here, we present ab initio molecular-dynamics studies of this alloy at both concentration ratios and evaluate relevant properties, including static structure factors and diffusion coefficients of bulk alloys, as well as density profiles and surface segregation of the liquid Li30Sn70 film.
Challenges During Surgery for Traumatic Brain Injury in Children and Adults

In 2008, approximately 1.7 million people experienced traumatic brain injury (TBI). From this group, approximately 1 million people were treated in hospital emergency rooms and required surgical intervention. This is not trivial since severe TBI carries a mortality of 30–50%, although deaths have declined because of improved treatments and systems for managing trauma. Hence, approximately 230,000 people hospitalized for TBI will survive.
Correlation between the Strength/Mass Ratio and the Speed of an Arm Movement

Abstract The speed of a lateral arm movement and the strength/mass ratio were measured in 48 university male students. The correlation between the movement time and S/M was not significant (r = -.277) and verified results of similar studies from this laboratory. The reliability of individual differences for all variables was high. These findings support the concept that the ability to exert muscular strength in a coordinated manner is determined by a specific neuromuscular coordination pattern. There was no significant correlation found between reaction time and speed of movement.
A Participatory Action Research Approach to Mental Health Interventions among Corrections Officers: Standardizing Priorities and Maintaining Design Autonomy

A central dilemma in Participatory Action Research (PAR) is to establish participant decision authority on interventions while adhering to rigorous research practices. We faced this dilemma as part of an ongoing multi-site field research project in the corrections sector, where semi-autonomous union-based Design Teams (DTs) address worker health issues and design interventions. Employee focus groups and surveys elicited areas of concern, pointing to four topics in particular: overtime and sleep, work-family balance, physical fitness, and mental health; these were later expanded to eight priority areas. Quantitative rankings were generated by focus groups of line-level employees and supervisors. A multi-level, iterative priority selection process averaged focus group ratings of topic importance and also difficulty to address separately. Areas of job stress and mental health had highest importance but were also considered most difficult to address. A labor-management steering committee reviewed and endorsed the rankings and transmitted these to newly formed DTs. In principle, each DT was free to establish a different topic for initial intervention but they all chose the most important and difficult to address topics. This structured multi-tiered participatory process preserved ownership by all parties. Balancing participant autonomy and efficient prioritization of topics among multiple interest groups in this PAR effort met research methods needs and also made it easier for DTs to focus on the difficult and stigmatized area of mental health in the correctional workforce.
Principles of Genetic Engineering

Genetic engineering is the use of molecular biology technology to modify DNA sequence(s) in genomes, using a variety of approaches. For example, homologous recombination can be used to target specific sequences in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell genomes or other cultured cells, but it is cumbersome, poorly efficient, and relies on drug positive/negative selection in cell culture for success. Other routinely applied methods include random integration of DNA after direct transfection (microinjection), transposon-mediated DNA insertion, or DNA insertion mediated by viral vectors for the production of transgenic mice and rats. Random integration of DNA occurs more frequently than homologous recombination, but has numerous drawbacks, despite its efficiency. The most elegant and effective method is technology based on guided endonucleases, because these can target specific DNA sequences. Since the advent of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats or CRISPR/Cas9 technology, endonuclease-mediated gene targeting has become the most widely applied method to engineer genomes, supplanting the use of zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, and meganucleases. Future improvements in CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing may be achieved by increasing the efficiency of homology-directed repair. Here, we describe principles of genetic engineering and detail: (1) how common elements of current technologies include the need for a chromosome break to occur, (2) the use of specific and sensitive genotyping assays to detect altered genomes, and (3) delivery modalities that impact characterization of gene modifications. In summary, while some principles of genetic engineering remain steadfast, others change as technologies are ever-evolving and continue to revolutionize research in many fields.
Balancing Learner Experience and User Experience in a Peer Feedback Web Application for MOOCs

Educational technology practitioners at the University of Michigan created a web application called the Gallery Tool, which provides a space for learners to share their work and receive feedback on it. After piloting the tool in two online courses for seven months, we interviewed learners from these courses. We found that learners most often used the Gallery Tool to "check all the boxes" of the course or to find inspiration for their own assignments. They liked its aesthetic and ease of use, but low levels of feedback activity decreased its value to them. As a result, it typically had a neutral impact on their course experience. Our findings are most relevant to other educational technology practitioners, as they reveal insights for balancing and improving learner experience and user experience in web applications for massive open online courses.
Pivoting an international experience preparation course during the COVID-19 pandemic

This case study describes the adaptation of a small group interactive course, originally designed to prepare student pharmacists for an international Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE), to a hybrid virtual course designed to prepare students to work across cultures and in many different professional environments. As the uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic impacted planned international experiences, a strategic pivot in delivery and content was necessary. The course content was changed to enhance student skills in cross cultural communication and humility, working through conflict, personal emotion regulation, and appropriately engaging with other cultures.
Far Infrared Reflectivity and Electron Scattering in GaAs

The reflectivity of n-GaAs has been measured between 16 and 230 cm−1 by Fourier transform spectroscopy. The reflectivity is shown to be relatively independent of the electron scattering model and useful for determining carrier concentration and mobility.
Kinetics of generic tacrolimus in heart transplantation: A cautionary note.

Tacrolimus is a core component of immunosuppressive regimens. This study compared active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and dissolution kinetics of branded tacrolimus and formulations from three generic manufacturers (Mylan, Dr. Reddy's, Intas) including samples from patients who suffered acute cardiac allograft rejection. Generic samples showed similar API content compared to branded samples with no major impurities. Capsules that underwent uniformity testing had consistent capsule-to-capsule API. Dissolution testing showed similar profiles between branded tacrolimus and Mylan, but notable differences with Dr. Reddy's and Intas. The approximate maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was highest in branded tacrolimus (29 minutes), followed by Mylan (26 minutes), Dr. Reddy's (19 minutes), and Intas (14 minutes) (Student-Newman-Keuls Multiple Comparisons Test; overall ANOVA: p = 0.0199, F = 6.469). This study suggests that the bioavailability of certain generic tacrolimus formulations peak significantly earlier than branded tacrolimus. Further study is needed to determine whether these differences are clinically relevant.
Pricing Models for the Internet of Things (IoT): Game Perspectives

Abstract While large IT companies develop full-stack IoT services with their computing resources, there are many small/medium-sized IoT application/device developers who rely on multiple other service providers for various IoT infrastructure services such as data storage, wireless sensor networks , data analytics , and IoT platforms. While pricing decisions of these IoT services are critical to the sustainable growth of the customer base, there is a paucity of studies on the pricing of a set of services involving multiple service providers. Hence, it is challenging for IoT providers to make informed decisions in regards to the pricing of their IoT devices and services. This paper develops pricing game models involving multiple IoT providers and analyzes both a non-cooperative game and a cooperative game. Nash equilibrium prices for three IoT providers in a non-cooperative game and a cooperative game are derived. The non-cooperative Nash equilibrium price of each provider shows that the Nash equilibrium price consists of the average reservation price of the customers and the provider's cost. While the sum of the providers’ prices affects the IoT customers’ demand, the model shows that in pricing, each provider does not take the other providers’ pricing decisions into account. This paper examines how the cooperative game may generate more profits than the non-cooperative game and applies Shapley solutions for fair and efficient allocation of the payoff of the cooperative game. Contrary to conventional wisdom, consumer welfare and the IoT providers’ profit is not a zero-sum game. The three-provider pricing game model is generalized for any finite number of providers.
Light-toned deposit in the northeastern Hellas basin formed by terrain-conforming airfall sedimentation

Abstract Extensive exposures of a light-toned deposit (LTD) occurs on the northeastern interior slope of the Hellas basin. This deposit is on the floors of all but the youngest craters greater than 30 km in diameter in the study region centered at 83°E and 30°S, as well as in exposures on crater interior and exterior walls, on intercrater plains, and the northern bordering slopes of Navua Valles. Stratigraphic relationships indicate that the LTD was emplaced as a terrain-conforming mantle several decameters thick. The more than 5 km range in elevation of the LTD is consistent with deposition as an airfall deposit, perhaps emplaced as loess derived from wind erosion of the Hellas basin floor. The LTD was emplaced during the time period of waning fluvial activity within the region, tentatively dated to the Early to Middle Amazonian transition, and thus serves as a stratigraphic marker bed.
Diagnostic Imaging of Oral Malignancies

SUMMARY Oral malignancy is diagnosed primarily by clinical examination and biopsy.20 The purpose of imaging is to determine submucosal extent of disease and deep infiltration. At least as important as determining the extent of disease is the evaluation of cervical lymphadenopathy.43 This is shown to be one of the most important prognostic factors. Imaging has proven to be helpful for the evaluation of submucosal extent, tumor margins, and lymphadenopathy in the neck. CT has been the standard method for imaging evaluation of oral malignancies. MRI, however, is emerging as the primary modality because of its multiplanar capability and excellent soft-tissue differentiation. Disadvantages of MRI include long examination time, sensitivity to patient motion artifacts, and higher cost. CT is the alternative method for the patient who cannot cooperate. CT might also be of some value for evaluation of small erosions of the bone. Nuclear medicine imaging and ultrasonography may be important adjuncts in the evaluation of oral malignancies.
Counterfactual Learning and Evaluation for Recommender Systems: Foundations, Implementations, and Recent Advances

Counterfactual estimators enable the use of existing log data to estimate how some new target recommendation policy would have performed, if it had been used instead of the policy that logged the data. We say that those estimators work ”off-policy”, since the policy that logged the data is different from the target policy. In this way, counterfactual estimators enable Off-policy Evaluation (OPE) akin to an unbiased offline A/B test, as well as learning new recommendation policies through Off-policy Learning (OPL). The goal of this tutorial is to summarize Foundations, Implementations, and Recent Advances of OPE/OPL. Specifically, we will introduce the fundamentals of OPE/OPL and provide theoretical and empirical comparisons of conventional methods. Then, we will cover emerging practical challenges such as how to take into account combinatorial actions, distributional shift, fairness of exposure, and two-sided market structures. We will then present Open Bandit Pipeline, an open-source package for OPE/OPL, and how it can be used for both research and practical purposes. We will conclude the tutorial by presenting real-world case studies and future directions.
Enhancing low-frequency water-column acoustic reflections in marine multichannel seismic data for seismic oceanography

Reflections of low-frequency, broadband airgun signals from ocean water columns have long been collected in modern marine seismic surveys. However, they were barely examined because of their weak amplitude (following from low acoustic impedance contrast in water columns) and the lack of application interests. Nevertheless, in the past decades, a new cross-discipline “seismic oceanography” has developed the interest to use these water-column reflection signals to image the ocean structures. Motivated by seismic oceanography applications, we examined the acoustic multipath structure of marine seismic survey data with a focus on water-column reflections, and developed a two-step matched filtering approach to enhance water-column reflection and suppress the unwanted bubble waves. The approach was applied to process data collected from the Gulf of Mexico and led to an improvement in imaging mesoscale ocean structures when compared with the traditional matched filtering approach. For the specific data we examined, the results reveal a 11.3-dB improvement of signal-to-noise ratio by removing the noise and a 8-dB improvement of signal-to-reverberation ratio by suppressing bubble waves, while not affecting the information of ocean structures embedded in the signals. This study gains insights into features of water-column acoustic reflections and provides better tools for acoustic imaging of mesoscale ocean structures.
Nutrition Survival Skills for Diabetes—A Personal Experience

Practice guidelines for diabetes recommend that patients be referred to a dietitian for medical nutrition therapy (MNT) within the first month after diagnosis. However, more often than not, reality prevents this from occurring—the reality of not having enough dietitians or dietitian appointments, and the reality that patients do not always keep their appointments. These realities also hold true for having patients in to see a diabetes educator. In practice, physicians and physician extenders are limited in the amount of time they have for patient education, including nutrition. Therefore, they may often tell the patient “nutrition is important in controlling your diabetes. Do not eat any sweets and we will make an appointment for you to see a dietitian who will tell you about your diet.” The patient leaves with no nutrition education or guidance, an appointment with a dietitian for 2 months later, and a follow-up appointment with the physician in 4 weeks. The patient is not seen or heard from again for 9 months, when they come to the clinic as a walk-in for an acute problem, and see a provider they have never seen before. Sounds familiar? We saw this scenario repeated time and time again in our family practice group. The Family Practice Center is located in a rural county in the southeastern United States. The clinic serves as a training site for 36 family practice residents and provides care to a traditionally underserved, mostly minority, population. As the aforementioned problem was prevalent in our practice, we felt we needed to intervene. The diabetes educator and team of two dietitians and one nutritionist worked together to develop a patient education handout entitled “Nutrition Survival Skills for Diabetes” (Figure 1). The handout was developed to serve three main purposes: (1) provide a one-sided, one-page, low reading level handout for our patients; (2) give providers a guideline, or outline, to follow, to provide patients with
Beta-internexin is a microtubule-associated protein identical to the 70-kDa heat-shock cognate protein and the clathrin uncoating ATPase.

Abstract We have examined the relationship of the ubiquitous 68-70-kDa cytoskeletal-associated protein beta-internexin (Napolitano, E. W., Pachter, J. S., Chin, S. S. M., and Liem, R. K. H. (1985) J. Cell Biol. 101, 1323-1331) to heat-shock cognate 70 (hsc70), the major constitutive member of the mammalian heat-shock protein 70 (hsp70) family of stress proteins. We purify beta-internexin from rat brain microtubules and confirm its identity with hsc70 and the clathrin-uncoating ATPase by the following criteria: 1) The partial sequence of a cyanogen bromide-derived peptide from beta-internexin matches the inferred amino acid sequence of the cDNA clone pRC62 encoding hsc70 from rat brain (O'Malley, K., Mauron, A., Barchas, J. D., and Kedes, L. (1985) Mol. Cell. Biol. 5, 3476-3483). 2) Mixing experiments followed by two-dimensional gel analyses reveal the precise co-migration of beta-internexin, the clathrin-uncoating ATPase, and the in vitro translation product of cDNA clone pHSP-4 encoding rat brain hsc70. 3) beta-Internexin is recognized by a monoclonal antibody reactive against the class of hsp70 proteins. 4) beta-Internexin purified from a microtubule-associated protein-enriched fraction of rat brain by virtue of high affinity binding to ATP-agarose possesses clathrin cage-specific ATPase activity.