cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fatigue of ferroelectric PbZrxTiyO3 capacitors with Ru and RuOx electrodes

The fatigue behavior of ferroelectric PZT capacitors with Ru and RuOx electrodes was studied. These capacitors show no sign of fatigue out to 1 X 1011 cycles, in sharp contrast to the degradation typically observed with Pt electrodes. Compared to Pt electrodes, the initial polarization was lower, but after fatiguing the polarization was comparable to or larger than that for Pt electrodes. Differences in polarization in response to switching and nonswitching pulses greater than 10 μC/cm2 were observed at 1 X 1011 cycles.
Birch Seedling Response to Irrigation Frequency and a Hydrophilic Polymer Amendment in a Container Medium

Abstract Water-absorbing polymers (hydrogels) are promoted for their potential to increase the water-holding capacity of container media. European birch (Betula pendula Roth) seedlings (1 + 0 plugs) were planted in a container growth medium amended with 0, 1.2, 2.4 or 3.6 kg/m3 (0, 2, 4 or 6 lb/yd3) of Broadleaf P-4, a commercial hydrogel, and watered either daily or once every 3 or 5 days. When hydrogel was incorporated in the growth medium, shoot and root dry weights and leaf area were reduced by 19, 29 and 18%, respectively, compared to controls. Increases in stem height and diameter as well as shoot-root ratio were unaffected by hydrogel amendment rate. Compared to seedlings in polymer-amended media, plants growing in medium without hydrogel had significantly lower stomatal conductance and transpiration on fewer than 25% of the measurement dates. Irrigation frequency significantly affected all plant growth indices and stomatal parameters; seedlings irrigated daily grew the most and had the highest sto...
Sustained opioid antagonism modulates striatal sensitivity to baby schema in opioid use disorder.

Abstract Background Chronic opioid misuse is associated with reduced sensitivity to natural rewards and social motivation deficits that include impaired caregiving. The neurobiological mechanisms underlying these deficits and their response to treatment are not well understood. Baby schema (Kindchenschema) is a set of juvenile physical features, which is perceived as “cute” and triggers motivation for caregiving. Recent studies suggest that the “baby schema effect” is mediated by the brain “reward” network. We studied the impact of opioid antagonist treatment on the baby schema response in patients with opioid use disorder. Methods Forty-seven (24 F) recently detoxified patients with opioid use disorder underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while viewing infant portraits that were parametrically manipulated for baby schema content and rating them for cuteness, at baseline and during treatment with the injectable extended release opioid antagonist naltrexone (XRNTX). The study was not placebo-controlled. Results The behavioral effect of baby schema, indexed by “cuteness” ratings, was present and unaffected by XRNTX. The brain response to baby schema was absent at baseline, but present in the bilateral ventral striatum after two weeks of XRNTX treatment. The decline in self-reported craving for opioids was positively correlated with the brain fMRI response to baby schema in the bilateral ventral striatum. Conclusions Opioid antagonist treatment modulated the brain reward system response to a marker of caregiving motivation in patients with opioid use disorder. Neural response to baby schema may offer a novel probe of social motivation and affiliative behaviors in this population.
Nonlocality of wire media — Local thickness-dependent permittivity model

A closed-form expression for the local thickness-dependent permittivity is derived for a general case of nonlocal wire medium with lumped impedance insertions and terminated with different impedance surfaces. The obtained analytical form of local permittivity accurately takes into account the effects of spatial dispersion and loads/terminations in the averaged sense per length of wire medium. It enables to solve in the local model framework various far-field and near-field electromagnetic problems involving a nonlocal bounded wire medium with lumped loads and impedance surface terminations.
Management of Adult Heart Failure: Bolus versus Continuous Infusion Loop Diuretics, A Review of the Literature

In an aging population, decompensated heart failure accounts for a significant number of hospital admissions. The standard management for edema and congestion associated with heart failure is loop diuretic therapy. Traditionally, bolus-dosed furosemide has been used to manage the edema and congestion associated with heart failure. However, diuretic resistance can occur with bolus dosing, resulting in inadequate diuresis and further hemodynamic instability. Based on current literature, furosemide given by continuous infusion may now be the preferred agent and route for diuretic refractory heart failure. This article reviews the literature that compares bolus versus continuous infusion loop diuretics in adult heart failure.
How Trust Attitudes Promote Grassroots Lobbying in the American States

Objectives Despite declining trust in government institutions, political scientists have observed increasing political participation across activities, including grassroots lobbying. We argue that higher levels of trust in the state political system as a whole—diffuse political trust—and in state legislatures—specific political trust—should increase the likelihood that citizens contact their state legislators about policy matters because higher levels of trust tend to correlate with believing that the policy‐making process produces equitable political outcomes. Methods We use observational data from a nationally representative survey sample taken in 2015. Results We find mixed results: whereas diffuse political trust predicts participation in grassroots lobbying at the state level, specific political trust does not. Conclusion This finding implies that more general feelings of political trust exert greater influence on grassroots lobbying behavior than do more institution‐specific indicators of trust.
Creativity In The Classroom: Students “Picture” Serious Leisure

Stebbins (1982) coined the term ‘serious leisure’ to explain a phenomenon which differentiates one type of leisure from its non-serious, or casual, counterpart. Since Stebbins' conceptual statement...
Rationality in Society

Because people have limited knowledge and computational capabilities, and find making multidimensional comparisons difficult, human rationality departs widely from the classical model of maximizing utility over all real-world alternatives. Instead, it consists in searching for alternatives that are satisfactory along many independent dimensions. The values, beliefs, and skills used in the search are heavily influenced by the social environment. They approximate reality only crudely and in socially influenced ways, and consequently depend strongly on time and place. Identifications with social groups cause people to accept information and advice without independent verification, hence to exhibit group loyalty and often to behave altruistically. Rationality must be assessed in a social and historical context.
Chemical Genetics: A Small Molecule Approach to Neurobiology

Chemical genetics, or the specific modulation of cellular systems by small molecules, has complemented classical genetic analysis throughout the history of neurobiology. We outline several of its contributions to the understanding of ion channel biology, heat and cold signal transduction, sleep and diurnal rhythm regulation, effects of immunophilin ligands, and cell surface oligosaccharides with respect to neurobiology.
Dynamics of spermiogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. V. Head-tail alignment.

The rotational relation between the nucleus and the axial complex in D. melanogaster is found to be indefinite during the elongation period but fixed in the postelongation period. The process of rotational alignment which takes place in the relatively short transition period appears to involve the transformation of the posterior end region of the nucleus and the anterior terminus of the axial complex as well as the redistribution of microtubules to form a cylindrical sheath around the region of juncture. The alignment seems to be a step to achieve the configurational continuity between the head and the tail in mature sperm.
Scaling Up: The Implementation of Corporate Governance in Pre-IPO Companies

Companies are required to have a reliable system of corporate governance in place at the time of IPO in order to protect the interests of public company investors and stakeholders. Yet, relatively little is known about the process by which they implement one. This Closer Look, based on detailed data from a sample of pre-IPO companies, examines the process by which companies go from essentially having no governance in place at the time of their founding to the fully established systems of governance required of public companies by the Securities and Exchange Commission. We examine the vastly different choices that companies make in deciding when and how to implement these standards. We ask: • What factors do CEOs and founders take into account in determining how to implement governance systems? • Should regulators allow companies greater flexibility to tailor their governance systems to their specific needs? • Which elements of governance add to business performance and which are done only for regulatory purposes? • How much value does good governance add to a company’s overall valuation? • When should small or medium sized companies that intend to remain private implement a governance system?
A GIS-Based Artificial Neural Network Model for Spatial Distribution of Tuberculosis across the Continental United States

Despite the usefulness of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in the study of various complex problems, ANNs have not been applied for modeling the geographic distribution of tuberculosis (TB) in the US. Likewise, ecological level researches on TB incidence rate at the national level are inadequate for epidemiologic inferences. We collected 278 exploratory variables including environmental and a broad range of socio-economic features for modeling the disease across the continental US. The spatial pattern of the disease distribution was statistically evaluated using the global Moran’s I, Getis–Ord General G, and local Gi* statistics. Next, we investigated the applicability of multilayer perceptron (MLP) ANN for predicting the disease incidence. To avoid overfitting, L1 regularization was used before developing the models. Predictive performance of the MLP was compared with linear regression for test dataset using root mean square error, mean absolute error, and correlations between model output and ground truth. Results of clustering analysis showed that there is a significant spatial clustering of smoothed TB incidence rate (p < 0.05) and the hotspots were mainly located in the southern and southeastern parts of the country. Among the developed models, single hidden layer MLP had the best test accuracy. Sensitivity analysis of the MLP model showed that immigrant population (proportion), underserved segments of the population, and minimum temperature were among the factors with the strongest contributions. The findings of this study can provide useful insight to health authorities on prioritizing resource allocation to risk-prone areas.
Volume–outcome relationship in adrenal surgery: A review of existing literature

The relationship between operative volume and perioperative outcomes after several oncologic operations is well documented. Recent studies on adrenalectomy reveal a robust association between higher surgeon volume and improved patient outcomes. Statistical analyses have demonstrated that outcomes are improved when surgeons perform at least six adrenalectomies annually; based on this threshold definition of a ‘high-volume’ surgeon, more than 80% of adrenalectomies in the United States are performed by ‘low-volume’ surgeons. When compared to low-volume surgeons, high-volume surgeons on average achieve lower rates of postoperative complications and mortality, as well as a shorter length of hospital stay, and lower cost of hospitalization. There does not appear to be a similar association between hospital adrenalectomy volume and improved patient outcomes; however, there is evidence of benefit for the subset of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma. Despite limitations of existing literature, evidence is sufficient to recommend the referral of patients with adrenal tumors to high-volume surgeons.
Exploring the effect of Weibo opinion leaders on the dynamics of public opinion in China: A revisit of the two-step flow of communication:

Using a random sample of posts on Weibo, this study content analyzes the extent to which Weibo opinion leaders’ tweets are associated with the shifts and variations of public opinion—in terms of to...
Gun Policy: Politics and Pathways of Action

Public opinion polls indicate that a majority of Americans favor stricter gun laws, yet these expressed preferences are not reflected in gun control policy. The power of the gun lobby and cultural ...
The Spectral Bias of the Deep Image Prior.

The "deep image prior" proposed by Ulyanov et al. is an intriguing property of neural nets: a convolutional encoder-decoder network can be used as a prior for natural images. The network architecture implicitly introduces a bias; If we train the model to map white noise to a corrupted image, this bias guides the model to fit the true image before fitting the corrupted regions. This paper explores why the deep image prior helps in denoising natural images. We present a novel method to analyze trajectories generated by the deep image prior optimization and demonstrate: (i) convolution layers of the an encoder-decoder decouple the frequency components of the image, learning each at different rates (ii) the model fits lower frequencies first, making early stopping behave as a low pass filter. The experiments study an extension of Cheng et al which showed that at initialization, the deep image prior is equivalent to a stationary Gaussian process.
Discrimination, the Model Minority Stereotype, and Peer Relationships Across the High School Years

Ethnic stereotyping can profoundly influence youth adjustment; however, little work has addressed how the model minority stereotype may affect adolescent social adjustment. This study examined Asian American adolescents’ peer relationships over time and how perceived discrimination and model minority stereotyping are associated with positive (support) and negative (criticism) qualities in these relationships. Multi-wave survey data were collected from 175 Asian adolescents in the Southeast over three time points. Participants were 60% female (freshmen Mage = 14.42 years, SD = 0.64 and sophomores Mage = 15.56 years, SD = 0.74). They were 75% US-born and represented various heritage groups (e.g., Hmong, East/Southeast Asian, South Asian). Within-person, year-to-year associations between variables were explored. Criticism from White and other-ethnic peers decreased over time. Discrimination was associated with higher criticism over time, and links between model minority stereotyping and support were found. With White peers, when stereotyping experiences increased, both positive and negative relationship qualities increased. Experiences of stereotyping and discrimination interacted, exacerbating each other with regard to criticism. The discussion compares model minority stereotyping and discrimination, both likely to create strained relationships.
Nuclear Imaging of Bacterial Infection: The State of the Art and Future Directions

Increased mortality rates from infectious diseases is a growing public health concern. Successful management of acute bacterial infections requires early diagnosis and treatment, which are not always easy to achieve. Structural imaging techniques such as CT and MRI are often applied to this problem. However, these methods generally rely on secondary inflammatory changes and are frequently not specific to infection. The use of nuclear medicine techniques can add crucial complementary information, allowing visualization of infectious pathophysiology beyond morphologic imaging. This review will discuss the current structural and functional imaging techniques used for the diagnosis of bacterial infection and their roles in different clinical scenarios. We will also present several new radiotracers in development, with an emphasis on probes targeting bacteria-specific metabolism. As highlighted by the current coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic, caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, similar thinking may apply in imaging viral pathogens; for this case, prominent effects on host proteins, most notably angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, might also provide worthwhile imaging targets.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Early Detection and Screening for Chronic Kidney Disease Among Adults in Hawaii: A 10-Year Population Health Study.

Author(s): Kataoka-Yahiro, Merle R; Davis, James; Rhee, Connie M; Wong, Linda; Hayashida, Glen | Abstract: IntroductionNative Hawaiian and Asian American populations are the most understudied racial/ethnic groups in chronic kidney disease (CKD) research. The objective of our study was to describe sociodemographic and comorbidity risk factors of chronic kidney disease among 2,944 community-dwelling Native Hawaiian, Filipino, Chinese, Japanese, and non-Hispanic white participants who attended the National Kidney Foundation of Hawaii Kidney Early Detection Screening program during 2006-2017.MethodsWe used multivariable logistic regression models to examine the association between age, sex, race/ethnicity, and the major risk factors for CKD (diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, hypercholesterolemia, overweight and obesity, and smoking) with elevated urine albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) among adults aged 18 or older in 5 racial/ethnic groups in Hawaii: Native Hawaiian, Filipino, Chinese, Japanese, and non-Hispanic white.ResultsIn the age- and sex-adjusted model, Native Hawaiian participants were significantly more likely than non-Hispanic white participants to have an ACR of 30.0 mg/g or more (odds ratio [OR] = 1.50; 95% CI, 1.15-1.95; P = .003). In the model that adjusted for CKD risk factors, the difference between Native Hawaiian and non-Hispanic white participants became nonsignificant (OR = 1.27; 95% CI, 0.96-1.69; P = .09]). The higher prevalence of chronic conditions among Native Hawaiians partially explained their higher risk of having an elevated ACR. Filipinos had significantly higher odds than non-Hispanic whites of elevated ACR in the age- and sex-adjusted model (OR = 1.44; 95% CI, 1.14-1.84; P = .003) and after adjustment for CKD risk factors (OR = 1.36; 95% CI, 1.06-1.74; P = .01).ConclusionCulturally targeted interventions are needed to improve health outcomes among Native Hawaiians and Asian Americans, particularly Filipinos, with CKD. Such interventions should focus on early kidney disease management so that disease progression can be delayed.
Survival Prediction Model of Renal Transplantation using Deep Neural Network

The objectives of this paper are to explore ways to parallelize and distribute deep learning in multi-core and distributed settings. We have heuristically improved the training parameter setting by a Deep Neural Network (DNN) using quad-core CPU and Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) and develop a setting to improve training performances. Along with that, a Parallel Phase Neural network model (PHNNM) has been proposed for the prediction of the long-term survival of liver patients who undergo liver transplantation (LT). We made survival analysis of 13 years in the prediction of liver patients after LT and trained the liver transplantation system to follow up data of 13 years separately using a multilayer perceptron PHNNM model with proper selection of data attributes in conjunction with evaluating the survival probabilities of such data. This paper proved that our prediction model is suitable for the long-term prognosis of survival of patients after LT. The promising results are shown, in combination with the computational performances in terms of CPU and GPU.
An examination of millennials' attitudes toward genetically modified organism (GMO) foods: is it Franken-food or super-food?

This study reports on a survey of Millennials in the USA regarding GMO foods. Potential benefits of GMO food crops include improving agricultural productivity, such as insect-resistant and drought-resistant crops, and alleviating world hunger, particularly in developing countries. Scientific research fully supports the health and safety of GMO foods. However, opponents to GMO foods still exist, some motivated by economic self-interest and others by fear of science and technology. The debate over GMO foods is widely considered the single-biggest issue facing modern agriculture, characterised as a clash between pro-science and anti-science forces, the outcome having ramifications extending far beyond agriculture and GMOs. To effectively market GMO foods to Millennials and others, agricultural producers, distributors, and food retailers will need to educate consumers about the overwhelming scientific support for the health benefits and safety of GMO foods.
In defence of not-knowing: uncertainty and contemporary narratives of sexual violence:

This article models a critical method of engaging with not-knowing as it relates to discourses around sexual agency and sexual violation through an analysis of Carmen Maria Machado’s short story ‘T...
What Youth Sport Coaching Can Contribute to a Professional Ethos of Teaching

Youth sports constitute an important yet overlooked educational domain, which can enrich our understanding of the ethical dimension of the profession of teaching. Youth sports coaches not only teach children sports skills and strategies but foster their social, moral, and civic development. One of the major obstacles to youth sports coaching becoming a teaching profession, especially in the United States, has been the growth of the youth sports industry, which focuses narrowly on preparing athletically talented children for ever more elite levels of competition. Youth sports are games, which all children should play for the sheer enjoyment of the playing. Through this play, they learn the fundamental principles of cooperation and democratic citizenship. Team sports, in particular, give children the experience of belonging to and community and working the common good. As such, youth sport is a “co-curricular” activity, which complements the formal instruction and discipline that children receive in school. The primary responsibility of youth sports coaches within this framework is to function as both a leader and a member of the team community. In this way, coaches are especially well-positioned to develop an interdependent ethos of care for the children on their teams.
Motor Imagery: A Review of Existing Techniques, Challenges and Potentials

There is the need for enhanced processing techniques that aid the development of Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs), considering their wide use for communication and control. Several paradigms exist for developing BCIs. One of such is motor imagery (MI). MI-based BCIs have been implemented in a variety of ways. Key factors such as the device type, task paradigm, preprocessing, feature extraction and selection and classification techniques, must be properly considered in building BCIs. Also, factors such as the task at hand, target population, processing rate and usability of the online system must be considered. Considering this need, this review presents a summary of the existing techniques for motor imagery classification, stating common trends and challenges facing MI studies, with potential improvements that might be seen. Specifically, the review focuses on electroencephalography (EEG)-based MI BCIs, with works sampled over a wide range of time.
Flexible machining line for heavy–duty truck parts

In the production of many varieties of heavy–duty trucks in small or medium volume, the installation of separate machine tools and manufacturing equipment for each individual truck line is extremely disadvantageous in terms of production cost and the ability to meet changes in product distribution. Therefore, using the group technology concept, a single automated production system has been developed, whereby all the parts sorted into groups by their shape or production process can be machined, irrespective of the truck line. This new line is referred to as the flexible machining line and is capable of producing parts in large volume as well as meeting sudden changes in product design in a single manufacturing location, thus attaining economy of scale. This paper outlines the implementation at Isuzu Motors of transmission gear machining provided mainly with all–round machine tools and the flexible utilization of transfer machine typical of compound tools.
The Turnover of Microsomal Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate-Cytochrome c Reductase in the Livers of Mice Treated with Phenobarbital

Abstract When mice received injections twice daily of sodium phenobarbital there was a 2- to 4-fold increase in microsomal reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-cytochrome c reductase within 4 days. In order to measure the turnover of the enzyme, tritiated l-leucine was injected 24 hours prior to treatment. The half-time for loss in vivo of radioactivity from enzyme protein averaged 2.8 days in controls, but there was no loss of radioactivity from the enzyme in phenobarbital-treated animals. There was little change in specific activity, since decreased breakdown in treated animals was balanced by increased synthesis of unlabeled protein. The 90-min incorporation of l-leucine-3H into microsomal NADPH-cytochrome c reductase was increased 2- to 3-fold in mice pretreated for 2 or more days with sodium phenobarbital. The accumulation of microsomal NADPH-cytochrome c reductase in animals treated with barbiturates seems to result from both a decreased rate of breakdown and an increased rate of synthesis.
Computer Anxiety and the Older Adult: Relationships with Computer Experience, Gender, Education and Age

Research in the area of computer anxiety has traditionally concentrated on the younger adult. In this study older adults (55 years and over) were compared to younger adults (30 years and under) on levels of computer anxiety and computer experience. Subjects in the study completed a demographic and computer experience questionnaire, and two computer anxiety scales. Previous research findings indicating a negative relationship between computer anxiety and computer experience was replicated for both young and older adults. Additional findings indicated that older adults were less computer anxious and had less computer experience than younger adults. Furthermore, older subjects indicated more liking for computers than younger subjects. However, while young males liked computers more than young females, no differences between older males and older females were found on the computer liking subscale. Some discrepancies between the two computer anxiety scales suggest further research is needed to validate compute...
Severe reactions to long-acting sulfonamides. Erythema multiforme exudativum and lupus erythematosus following administration of sulfamethoxypyridazine and sulfadimethoxine.

Long-acting sulfonamides, represented by sulfamethoxypyridazine and sulfadimethoxine, appear to share toxic potential with other sulfonamide derivatives. Serious, often life-threatening, reactions have been reported in 35 patients receiving sulfamethoxypyridazine, with six deaths. Erythema multiforme exudativum was observed in one child receiving sulfamethoxypyridazine and one receiving sulfadimethoxine. A disease resembling lupus erythematosus was observed in a girl treated for a long period with sulfamethoxypyridazine. Evidence of lupus disappeared when the drug was withdrawn. The reversible nature of the observed case of lupus erythematosus supports the postulate that lupus is a disease resulting from an abnormal reactivity of a constitutionally abnormal reticuloendothelial system to the challenge of various environmental agents.
Expression of quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 is associated with a highly invasive phenotype and correlates with a poor prognosis in Luminal B breast cancer

After the publication of this work [1], an error was noticed in Fig. 4a. The micrograph image sh528 was accidentally duplicated.
Conversations betwixt and between: guiding principles

Four guiding principles are suggested to teaching librarians as ways to frame the conversations with ourselves, our partners in the academy, and with our students. True collaboration happens as a consequence of good conversations. Conversations take time, patience, the ability to listen, and the ability to change.
A promising pathway to make multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Current theories for multiwalled nanotube growth (without metal catalysts) describe the growth of multiwalled nanotubes by the addition of carbon atoms, ions, or small molecules to an open ended nanotube nucleus. In this letter, we describe a method to make carbon nanotubes similar in quality to those found on the cathode deposit of the carbon arc by manipulating the heat treatment of various nongraphitizable carbon precursors. It is proposed that this method of making nanotubes via heat treatments is analogous to a graphitization process, where aromatic/graphitic fragments in disordered carbons assemble into three-dimensional graphitic structures. In addition, we have demonstrated that simple precursors, such as sucrose, can be used as starting materials. These experiments offer new opportunities to understand nanotube growth and could lead to scalable methods to make multiwalled nanotubes.
Desire for Hastened Death Among Patients With Advanced AIDS

The recent debate over legalization of physician-assisted suicide has fueled interest in understanding factors that lead medically ill patients to seek a hastened death. The authors investigated the prevalence and predictors of desire for hastened death in 372 patients with advanced AIDS who were newly admitted to a palliative-care facility. Clinician-rated and self-report measures of desire for hastened death, depression, hopelessness, spiritual well-being, social support, pain, and physical symptom burden were administered to assess the factors that correspond to a high desire for death. The prevalence ranged from 4.6% to 8.3%, significantly lower than in previous studies of patients with advanced or terminal cancer. Multivariate models revealed significant and unique effects for both hopelessness and depression, with these variables accounting for a large proportion of the variance in each model. Authors discuss the implications of these findings for palliative care practice and the assisted-suicide debate.
Is an Integrated Approach Warranted for Concomitant Carotid and Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract Background . The management of patients with severe, concomitant coronary and carotid artery occlusive disease is controversial. Methods . Between 1975 and 1996, 512 patients (mean age, 64.9 years; 70% male) were admitted for coronary revascularization; 316 (61.7%) had asymptomatic, severe carotid disease (stenosis >70%) and 196 (38.3%) had symptomatic carotid disease (159 [31.1%] with transient ischemia and 37 [7.2%] with completed stroke). In group 1, coronary revascularization and carotid endarterectomy were simultaneously performed in 255 patients (49.8%) with unstable angina. In group 2 (staged approach), carotid endarterectomy was performed before coronary revascularization in 257 patients (50.2%) without unstable angina. Results . Before 1986, the incidence of stroke and death was greater in group 1 (n = 149) than in group 2 (n = 156) (14 [9.4%] versus 4 [2.6%]; p 70 years and congestive heart failure for stroke). Conclusions . Despite highly selected populations, contemporary surgical results do not indicate that staged treatment of severe, concomitant coronary and carotid artery occlusive disease has an advantage over simultaneous treatment. Advances in myocardial protection and perioperative hemodynamic management may account for the low incidences of stroke and death in these operations.
Neuroscience and metaphysics (redux).

In earlier work, we challenged a contention made by Illes and Racine (2005) that developments in neuroscience have significant metaphysical implications (Buford and Allhoff 2005). Farah and Heberle...
Diagnosis of thermal regimes on continuous steel-casting machines

This article examines questions related to the use of inverse problems for diagnosing the thermal regimes of steel-casting machines, using slide gates and nozzle-feeders as an example.
Constructions of Partial Difference Sets and Relative DifferenceSets Using Galois Rings

We use Galois rings to construct partial difference sets and relative difference sets in non-elementary abelian p-groups. As an example, we also use Galois ring GR(4,2) to construct a (96,20,4) difference set in Z_4\times Z_4\times Z_6.
Study on a protection scheme for a 500kV GIS substation against direct lightning strokes

The preliminary designed protection scheme for a 500kV GIS substation against direct lightning strokes was adopting combined protection by installing two parallel shield wires and two lightning masts. To confirm the feasibility of the proposed scheme, polygon method and rolling sphere method were used. Results obtained by these two methods showed that the combined protection scheme for the 500kV substation against direct lightning strokes was feasible.
Digital optical processing based on higher-order modified signed-digit symbolic substitution

An efficient higher-order modified signed-digit optical symbolic substitution technique for addition and subtraction has been derived. This two-step symbolic substitution technique, which is independent of the number of bits to be processed, saves a tremendous amount of computation time. Two separate approaches for optical implementation that use content-addressable memory and the joint transform correlator are also suggested.
Bibliography and the Beginning Bibliographer

This essay is offered as advice to those who contemplate becoming or have recently become bibliographers. I begin with the admonition that neither users' studies, statistical analyses, nor approval plans compensate for a lack of knowledge of disciplinary research interests and bibliographic structure. In the final analysis, the best bibliographers are scholars. They keep current with a discipline's investigations and monitor its evolution. Even if they are unable to engage in detailed discourse on the more esoteric subjects its practitioners study, they understand its topography. That is, they possess a “feel” for what students in a given field find interesting, they understand its epistemology, know its publication trends and favored formats, and have a fine reference librarian's ability to use its bibliographic apparatus.
Near-millimeter-wave sources of radiation

This paper describes coherent sources of radiation useful in the near-millimeter-wavelength spectrum, generally taken to span the range of about 80 to 1000 GHz; however, both optically pumped and discharge pumped lasers are excluded from this treatment, since these devices are adequately covered elsewhere. Included in this discussion are solid-state sources such as IMPATTs and Gunn devices; tube sources such as klystrons, magnetrons, and backward-wave oscillators; and newer sources including TUNNETTs, gyrotrons, and relativistic electron-beam devices. Because of the large amount of material to be covered, the treatment is limited to a brief description of each device and an enumeration of its capabilities; no attempt is made to give a detailed discussion of device physics, as references are available for this purpose. Phase and frequency control of near-millimeter-wave sources is becoming increasingly important because of applications of this spectrum to Doppler radar, communication, and measurement systems. The paper concludes with a presentation of phase and frequency control results for both tube and solid-state sources.
Immunofluorescent, cytochemical, and microcytological studies on the growth of the simian vacuolating virus (SV-40) in tissue culture

Abstract The growth of the simian vacuolating virus SV-40 has been studied in green monkey kidney tissue culture cells. After an eclipse period of 20 hours intracellular virus appears and begins to be released 4 hours later. The sequential development and accumulation of viral protein and nucleic acid have been followed with the fluorescent antibody and acridine orange staining techniques and correlated with plaque titrations of virus activity. The buoyant density of the virus is 1.30 in cesium chloride, 1.22 in potassium tartrate. The viral nucleic acid is double-stranded DNA. Electron microscopic examination of ultrathin sections of infected cells has revealed both a nuclear and a cytoplasmic phase for the 40 mμ virus particle. Virus particles have also been detected within the nucleolus and at the plasma membrane. The cytoplasmic phase must be established before a cytopathic effect is visible in the light microscope.
On the nonexistence of higher twistings over a point for Borel cohomology of K-theory

Abstract In this note we show that there are no higher twistings for the Borel cohomology theory associated to G -equivariant K -theory over a point and for a compact Lie group G . Therefore, twistings over a point for this theory are classified by the group H 1 ( B G , Z / 2 ) × H 3 ( B G , Z ) .
Intraperitoneal hemorrhage caused by strangulation and rupture of a normal ovary in an 8-year-old girl

Summary Torsion and strangulation of a normal ovary and Fallopian tube, complicated by spontaneous rupture of the ovary and severe intraabdominal bleeding, which occurred in an 8-year-old child, is reported. Only one other similar case has been described in the literature. Pain is the most constant symptom, but it is so variable in location, intensity, and duration that it possesses little diagnostic significance. Bimanual rectal and abdominal palpation frequently locates the offending organ and establishes its relationship to the uterus. Neoplastic enlargements of the ovaries can be determined by this maneuver. Torsion and strangulation of the ovary must be differentiated from pelvic peritonitis, acute salpingitis, inflammatory, cystic or neoplastic enlargement of the ovary, intussusception of the bowel, acute appendicitis, and appendiceal abscesses. Crushing clamps or transfixion ligatures should be placed on the gangrenous pedicle proximal to the point of torsion before any attempt is made to release the strangulation or to remove the ovary. This minimizes septic and embolic reactions which may be produced if the material from the degenerating organs be given free access to the systemic circulation. It is imperative that the strangulated structures be studied microscopically, as 38 per cent of all ovarian tumors in children are malignant.
Construct Validation of the Health Belief Model

A multitrait-multimethod design was employed to assess the construct validity of the Health Belief Model. The data were obtained from a nonrepresentative sample of 85 graduate students at The University of Michigan's School of Public Health. The traits consisted of the respondents' perceptions of: health interest, locus of control, susceptibility to influenza, severity of influenza, benefits provided by a flu shot, and the barriers or costs associated with getting a flu shot. Each trait was measured by three methods: a seven-point Likert scale, a fixed-alternative multiple choice scale, and a vignette. The results indicate that the Health Belief Model variables can be measured with a substantial amount of convergent validity using Likert or multiple choice questionnaire items. With regard to discriminant validity, evidence suggests that subjects' perceptions of barriers and benefits are quite different from their perceptions of susceptibility and severity. Perceptions of susceptibility and severity are substantially but not entirely independent. Perceived benefits and barriers demonstrate a strong negative relationship which suggests the possibility that these two variables represent opposite ends of a single continuum and not separate health beliefs. These preliminary results provide the basis for developing brief health belief scales that may be administered to samples of consumers and providers to assess educational needs. Such needs assessment, in turn, could then be used to tailor messages and programs to meet the particular needs of a client group.
Author retrospective for optimizing for parallelism and data locality

Today there is an urgent need for algorithms, programming language systems and tools, and hardware that deliver on the potential of parallelism due to the end of Dennard scaling. This work (from my PhD dissertation, supervised by Ken Kennedy) was one of the early papers to optimize for and experimentally explore the tension between data locality and parallelism on shared memory machines. A key result was that false sharing of cache lines between processors with local caches on separate chips was disastrous to the performance and scaling of applications. This retrospective includes a short personal tour through the history of parallel computing, a discussion of locality and parallelism modeling versus a polyhedral formulation of optimizing dense matrix codes, and how this problem is still relevant to compilers today. I end with a short memorial to my deceased co-author and advisor Ken Kennedy.
The Religious Sector's Presence in Local Community Development

This article identifies the extent, service offerings, and location similarities or differences among secular community-based organizations, religious congregations, and faith-based organizations that engage in service delivery in low-income urban communities. The literature shows that religious organizations provide significant social services to communities, but little is known about how they compare to their secular counterparts within the same geographic context. Employing qualitative and quantitative approaches together with GIS applications for spatial analysis to survey data from religious and secular organizations in North Philadelphia, this article measures the influence of the religious sector in local community development. The article concludes that religious institutions, specifically congregations and faith-based organizations, have a significant community presence in their offerings, presence, and location and provide a substantial level of service to individuals in that they operate as “si...
A plasma membrane-associated phospholipase in SV40-transformed 3T3 cells☆

Abstract Cells of a SV3T3 line can be adapted to degrade phosphatides made into a film. A phosphatide degrading enzyme(s) was localized at cell surface structures by cytochemistry. Biochemistry of cell fractions indicated the presence of a phospholipase which was bound to the plasma membrane. It has a substrate specificity for phosphatidylserine, a pH optimum in the acid region, and is inhibited by calcium. It is not dissociated from the membrane by products of phospholipid degradation and is presumably a phospholipase A. The hydrolysis of the substrate under experimental conditions is about 32%. The cell biological importance of the enzyme is discussed in regard to cellular interactions and invasiveness of virus-transformed cells.
A general method with shaping filters to study random vibration statistics of lifting rotors with feedback controls

Abstract This paper is concerned with the random vibration statistics of linear or perturbed linear dynamic systems with variable parameters, in particular of lifting rotors with feedback controls. By introducing shaping filters to random inputs, the response variance matrix is solved directly from another set of linear equations. Therefore, with the stipulation of stationary Gaussian random inputs, the computational scheme of response threshold crossing statistics under steady-state conditions is essentially no more involved than generating the state vector to step inputs. For certain types of feedback controls of lifting rotors having coupling effects between blades, the equations of motion studied by other means using blade coordinates are adopted. Treated for illustrative purposes are the rigid flapping oscillations of multibladed rotors at a high advance ratio, having a rigid hub with elastically restrained and centrally arranged flapping hinges. The stochastic input refers to free atmospheric vertical turbulence at the centre of the rotor disk. The numerical results of the flapping response statistics include the root-mean-square description and the expected values of threshold up-crossings per unit time. When compared to earlier related studies, the proposed method requires negligible core storage requirement, directly permits variable step sizes to guarantee preset accuracy criteria, and offers substantial saving in machine time. In the parametric studies of system and feedback constants, the available core space could be used in storing discrete values of aerodynamic damping, spring and input modulating functions which otherwise involve lengthy Fourier series approximations at high advance ratios or repeated computations. The method in general offers considerable promise in the routine analysis of lifting rotor models having blades with many degrees of freedom of motion and having other combinations of feedback control systems.
2015 and beyond: usable and unbiased data.

The American Association for Respiratory Care has conducted 3 conferences since March 2008, to picture the future practice of respiratory care. The focus of the first conference was to create a foundation and vision for the profession by examining expected changes in healthcare and how this may
Standardized test meals in the assessment of bulimia nervosa

Abstract This study contrasted the amount of food eaten in the absence of vomiting by normal weight bulimia nervosa patients and matched normal controls. Another purpose was to compare food consumption in test meals with eating records at home and with questionnaires of psychological distress and eating disturbance. Subjects were instructed to eat as much food as they comfortably could without vomiting afterwards in three standardized test meals: complete dinner eaten in a laboratory situation and spaghetti and candy eaten at home. Bulimia nervosa subjects ate a very small amount of food in each test meal when compared with the consumption of food by control subjects. Bulimia nervosa subjects also reported greater anxiety and urge to vomit after eating. A content analysis of tape recorded thoughts showed that bulimia nervosa subjects were more preoccupied with eating and emitted more negative food related thoughts. In addition, bulimia nervosa patients who ate little or nothing in test meals had a more severe pattern of binge-eating and vomiting at home and for the entire sample, the amount eaten in test meals, when vomiting was prevented, was negatively correlated with scores on questionnaires of eating and psychological disturbance. The results support the hypothesis that women with bulimia nervosa are unable to eat normal amounts of ‘frightening’ foods when they do not plan to vomit. This behavioral test of eating behavior appears to be useful for the assessment of bulimia nervosa.