cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
'I still don't know diddly': A longitudinal qualitative study of patients' knowledge and distress while undergoing evaluation of incidental pulmonary nodules

Hundreds of thousands of incidental pulmonary nodules are detected annually in the United States, and this number will increase with the implementation of lung cancer screening. The lengthy period for active pulmonary nodule surveillance, often several years, is unique among cancer regimens. The psychosocial impact of longitudinal incidental nodule follow-up, however, has not been described. We sought to evaluate the psychosocial impact of longitudinal follow-up of incidental nodule detection on patients. Veterans who participated in our previous study had yearly follow-up qualitative interviews coinciding with repeat chest imaging. We used conventional content analysis to explore their knowledge of nodules and the follow-up plan, and their distress. Seventeen and six veterans completed the year one and year two interviews, respectively. Over time, most patients continued to have inadequate knowledge of pulmonary nodules and the nodule follow-up plan. They desired and appreciated more information directly from their primary care provider, particularly about their lung cancer risk. Distress diminished over time for most patients, but it increased around the time of follow-up imaging for some, and a small number reported severe distress. In settings in which pulmonary nodules are commonly detected, including lung cancer screening programmes, resources to optimise patient-centred communication strategies that improve patients’ knowledge and reduce distress should be developed. Renewed efforts are needed to alleviate patient stress and keep them informed following the diagnosis of small growths on the lungs. The discovery of so-called ‘pulmonary nodules’ during routine chest screening can cause considerable distress to patients. The nodules, though often benign, require monitoring via follow-up scans, leading to a period of uncertainty which potentially affects patients’ well-being. In a longitudinal study involving interviews with 17 patients with newly diagnosed nodules, Donald Sullivan at Oregon Health and Science University, USA, and co-workers found that stress was often exacerbated by ineffective communication from medical staff. This led to patient misunderstandings about lung cancer risk, for example, which were compounded by the complex information in letters they received. Patients much preferred to speak to their primary care providers. The researchers call for improved staff training and education resources.
Neurotransmitters and Receptors: Dopamine

Dopamine is a neuromodulator that acts on all cell types within the retina. It is synthesized and released by a small population of amacrine and interplexiform cells, and affects retinal physiology primarily through extrasynaptic mechanisms. Dopamine synthesis and release are stimulated by light. Within the retina, dopamine acts on four of the five known dopamine receptor subtypes, the D1, D2, D4, and D5 receptors. This article describes the circuitry controlling dopamine neuron activity, mechanisms regulating dopamine synthesis, the distribution of dopamine receptors within the retina, and the functions of this neuromodulator.
Exploring Senior Residents’ Intraoperative Error Management Strategies: A Potential Measure of Performance Improvement

Objective The study aim was to determine whether residents' error management strategies changed across 2 simulated laparoscopic ventral hernia (LVH) repair procedures after receiving feedback on their initial performance. We hypothesize that error detection and recovery strategies would improve during the second procedure without hands-on practice. Design Retrospective review of participant procedural performances of simulated laparoscopic ventral herniorrhaphy. A total of 3 investigators reviewed procedure videos to identify surgical errors. Errors were deconstructed. Error management events were noted, including error identification and recovery. Setting Residents performed the simulated LVH procedures during a course on advanced laparoscopy. Participants had 30 minutes to complete a LVH procedure. After verbal and simulator feedback, residents returned 24 hours later to perform a different, more difficult simulated LVH repair. Participants Senior ( N = 7; postgraduate year 4-5) residents in attendance at the course participated in this study. Results In the first LVH procedure, residents committed 121 errors ( M = 17.14, standard deviation=4.38). Although the number of errors increased to 146 ( M = 20.86, standard deviation=6.15) during the second procedure, residents progressed further in the second procedure. There was no significant difference in the number of errors committed for both procedures, but errors shifted to the late stage of the second procedure. Residents changed the error types that they attempted to recover ( χ 2 5 =24.96, p Conclusion Residents' error management strategies changed between procedures following verbal feedback on their initial performance and feedback from the simulator. Errors and recovery attempts shifted to later steps during the second procedure. This may reflect residents' error management success in the earlier stages, which allowed further progression in the second simulation. Incorporating error recognition and management opportunities into surgical training could help track residents' learning curve and provide detailed, structured feedback on technical and decision-making skills.
Cannabis Use in Youth Subcultures

Abstract Youth cultures are important dimensions of the lives of many young people. They not only influence how young people think, but their behaviors as well, including drug use. This chapter describes the use of cannabis within three youth cultures: the hip-hop scene, the jam band scene, and the rave scene. Each section describes the subcultural basis of marijuana use by the young people who participate in them. We begin with a description of the significance of marijuana use within the hip-hop scene, and highlight the symbolic significance of smoking marijuana in the form of blunts. Next, we cover marijuana’s entrenchment within the jam band subculture, and highlight the key role its use plays in forming and sustaining a sense of community within the scene. Finally, we describe the rave scene, and the ways in which marijuana has been incorporated into wider patterns of drug use by members of electronic dance music scenes.
A model for life predictions of nickel-base superalloys in high-temperature low cycle fatigue

Extensive characterization of low-cycle fatigue damage mechanisms was performed on polycrystalline Rene 80 and IN100 tested in the temperature range from 871 to 1000 C. Low-cycle fatigue life was found to be dominated by propagation of microcracks to a critical size governed by the maximum tensile stress. A model was developed which incorporates a threshold stress for crack extension, a stress-based crack growth expression, and a failure criterion. The mathematical equivalence between this mechanistically based model and the strain-life low-cycle fatigue law was demonstrated using cyclic stress-strain relationships. The model was shown to correlate the high-temperature low-cycle fatigue data of the different nickel-base superalloys considered in this study.
A Systematic Review of the Implementation Challenges of Telemedicine Systems in Ambulances.

Abstract Background: Telemedicine systems are gaining attention nationwide as a means for providing care in remote areas and allowing a small number of providers to impact a large geographic region. We systematically reviewed the literature to identify the efficacy and implementation challenges of telemedicine systems in ambulances. Methods: A search for published studies on Web of Science and PubMed was completed. Studies were selected if they included at least a pilot study and they focused on feasibility or implementation of telemedicine systems in ambulances. Results: A total of 864 articles were used for title and abstract screening. Full text screening was completed for 102 articles, with 23 being selected for final review. Sixty-one percent of the studies included in the review focused on general emergency care, while 26% focused on stroke care and 13% focused on myocardial infarction care. The reviewed studies found that telemedicine is feasible and effective in decreasing treatment times, report ...
A reduced somatosensory gating response in individuals with multiple sclerosis is related to walking impairment

We aimed to determine whether somatosensory gating in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) differed compared with healthy controls and whether a relationship exists between somatosensory gating an...
Demographic Segmentation of the New Automobile Market: A Reappraisal

This research was designed to determine if the traditional demographic correlates of automobile purchase remained effective in the OPEC environment. The study indicates that social class, as measured by the Hollingshead Index of Social Position, is no longer an effective segmentation variable for the new automobile market. Family income and life-cycle remain effective segmentation variables.
Short-range antiferromagnetic correlations in the superconducting state of filled skutterudite alloys Pr 1 -x Eu x Pt 4 Ge 12

Motivated by current research efforts toward exploring the interplay between magnetism and superconductivity in multiband electronic systems, we have investigated the effects of Eu substitution through thermodynamic measurements on the superconducting filled skutterudite alloys ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Eu}}_{x}{\mathrm{Pt}}_{4}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{12}$. An increase in Eu concentration leads to a suppression of the superconducting transition temperature consistent with an increase of magnetic entropy due to Eu local moments. While the low-temperature heat capacity anomaly is present over the whole doping range, we find that in alloys with $x\ensuremath{\le}0.5$, the Schottky peaks in the heat capacity in the superconducting state appear to be due to Zeeman splitting by an internal magnetic field. Our theoretical modeling suggests that this field is a result of the short-range antiferromagnetic correlations between the europium ions. For the samples with $xg0.5$, the peaks in the heat capacity signal the onset of antiferromagnetic ordering of the Eu moments.
Successfully Resolved Barricaded Captive Events

One form of school violence that has received little research attention is barricaded captive-taking in the schools. These situations are often resolved with no injuries or fatalities, but on occasion they turn lethal. In this chapter, we begin with an example in which an intruder came into a high school and held seven young women captive, followed by an introduction to the captive-taking literature and definitions of key constructs. We then explore, in some detail, three recent studies of school captive-taking events, including a study of news accounts of these events, a case study of a school counselor’s response to a classroom captive-taking, and a qualitative analysis of school personnel who intervened to prevent captive-takings from becoming lethal. We end the chapter with recommendations for educators.
Is lack of social support associated with a delay in seeking medical care? A cross-sectional study of Minnesota and Tennessee residents using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Objective Previous studies have demonstrated an association between social support and lower morbidity and mortality. Delay in seeking medical care is associated with poor health outcomes. The relationship between social support and delay in seeking medical care has not been established. We sought to determine whether lack of social support is associated with higher rates of delays in seeking needed medical care. Methods This is a cross-sectional observational study using data from the 2013 and 2014 Centers for Disease Control Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Participants who were asked questions about delays in medical care and social support were included. The primary outcome was a self-reported delay in seeking needed medical care. The primary independent variable of interest was a dichotomised measure of social support. Multivariable logistic regression was performed, adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic status, comorbidities and access to care. Results Participants without social support were more likely to report delaying needed medical care when compared with participants with social support (38%vs19%, p Conclusions Lack of perceived social support is associated with patient-reported delay of needed medical care. This association may contribute to the poor health outcomes experienced by those with a lack of social support.
Modeling the structure and thermodynamics of high-entropy alloys

High-entropy and multiprincipal element alloys present exciting opportunities and challenges for computational modeling of their structure and phase stability. Recent interest has catalyzed rapid development of techniques and equally rapid growth of new results. This review surveys the essential concepts of thermodynamics and total energy calculation, and the bridge between them provided by statistical mechanics. Specifically, we review the electronic density functional theory of alloy total energy as applied to supercells and special quasirandom structures. We contrast these with the coherent potential approximation and semi-empirical approximations. Statistical mechanical approaches include cluster expansions, hybrid Monte Carlo/molecular dynamics simulations, and extraction of entropy from correlation functions. We also compare first-principles approaches with Calculation of Phase Diagrams (CALPHAD) and highlight the need to augment experimental databases with first-principles derived data. Numerous example applications are given highlighting recent progress utilizing the concepts and methods that are introduced.
Downstaging and survival after neoadjuvant approaches to gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.

92Background: Outcomes after neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NACRT) versus chemotherapy alone (NAC) in gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma are unclear, as such tumors can be treated with equ...
An Invariant Set Approach for Optimization on Integrable Manifolds.

Recent results in control systems and numerical integration literature utilize invariant set theory to lift dynamical systems evolving on nonlinear manifolds to those evolving on vector spaces. We leverage this technique to propose an algorithm to solve a class of constrained optimization problems as unconstrained problems.
Comparison of electrochemical nitric oxide detection methods with chemiluminescence for measuring nitrite concentration in food samples.

Abstract Nitrite is a naturally occurring species present in various food samples and also present in our bodies as a product of nitric oxide (NO) oxidation. Considering the ubiquity of nitrite, its determination is of great importance in both biological and food samples. Herein, a very facile indirect method of nitrite determination in meat samples via selective reduction to nitric oxide (NO) is presented. The resulting gaseous product is quantified via portable and cost-effective electrochemical sensors. Both a novel laboratory prepared Pt-Nafion based NO sensor and a commercially available amperometric NO sensor are compared. Excellent correlations between the nitrite amount found in tested samples using both of the electrochemical sensors and a reference chemiluminescence method are demonstrated (r = 0.997 and r = 0.999 for Pt-Nafion based and commercially available NO-B4 electrochemical sensors, respectively, n = 12). Moreover, the slope of the linear regression curves are very close to unity for the comparison of the three systems tested. The amperometric sensors compared within this work exhibit good precision and accuracy and are shown to be an attractive alternative to the costly chemiluminescence detection method for accurately determining nitrite levels in food samples.
Relative Value Units do Not Adequately Account for Operative Time of Urological Surgery.

Purpose:Physician work relative value units are determined based on operative time, technical skill, mental effort and stress. In theory, work relative value units should account for the operative ...
Pilot Study Suggests Smartphone Application Knowledge Improves Resident Transesophageal Echocardiography Knowledge: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective The objective of this study was to determine whether an asynchronous smartphone-based application with image-based questions would improve anesthesiology resident transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) knowledge compared with standard intraoperative teaching alone. Design Prospective, single-blinded, pilot, randomized controlled trial. Setting Large university teaching hospital. Participants Participants were anesthesiology residents on their cardiac anesthesiology rotation. Interventions EchoEducator, a TEE image–based smartphone application of learning content through questions, was developed. Content was derived from the Examination of Special Competence in Basic Perioperative Transesophageal Echocardiography and the Objective Structured Clinical Examination portion of the APPLIED Examination and focused on identification of basic TEE views, cardiac structures, and pathology. Residents were randomly assigned to receive access to either the application or to standard intraoperative teaching. Thirty residents met inclusion criteria, and 18 residents completed the study. A pre-intervention assessment was given at the beginning of the rotation, and a post-intervention assessment was given after 2 weeks. Measurements The primary outcome was the difference between the post-test score and the pre-test score. Standard bivariate statistics and the chi-square test were used for categorical variables, and the Student t test was used for continuous variables. Tests were 2-sided, and statistical significance was set at p Conclusions This study supports the hypothesis that use of a smartphone-based asynchronous educational application improves TEE knowledge compared with traditional modalities alone. This supports an opportunity to improve medical education by expanding the role of web-based asynchronous learning.
Triplet exciton impact on photocurrent in diF TES ADT single crystal transistors

Dark-state triplet excitons lead to energy loss in organic light emitting diodes and photovoltaics; recently there has been considerable effort to convert this energy to improve device efficiency. While some observed improvement has been tied to control of the triplet state, alternate explanations cannot be ruled out as the influence of device architecture can mask underlying physics. In order to investigate triplet contribution to device output, we study single crystal 2,8-difluoro-5,11-bis(triethylsilylethynyl)anthradithiophene (diF TES ADT) using orientation dependence of the magneto-photocurrent (MPC) in a transistor. MPC changes with magnetic field orientation in the crystal, showing triplet-controlled device output using the anisotropic spin character of the triplet.
Campaign for Wilson's Creek: The Fight for Missouri Begins

Review of: "Campaign for Wilson's Creek: The Fight for Missouri Begins," by Kenneth L. Lyftogt.
Nasal Tip Delamination: A Technique for Nasal Tip Projection and Control in Rhinoplasty.

Background Control of tip projection and rotation is critical to a successful rhinoplasty. Suture techniques that change the relationship of the medial crura to the caudal septum can effectively manage tip position, but may be technically challenging or require specialized sutures. The authors present a technique ("tip delamination") that allows symmetrical exposure of the medial crura and caudal septum for accurate placement of projection control sutures using commonly available suture materials. Methods We describe a novel technique to completely expose (or delaminate) the medial crura of the lower lateral cartilages to allow for 360-degree access to and manipulation of these critical structures. We present a case series of 3 patients. Results Exemplary cases with 1 intraoperative video will be reviewed to demonstrate how tip delamination allows for more precise control of the medial crura and nasal tip. Conclusions Nasal tip delamination is a simple technique for manipulating the medial crura and nasal tip in rhinoplasty procedures. Nasal tip delamination adds minimal time and morbidity to the procedure and offers significant control for the surgeon, with beneficial outcomes for the patient.
Perceptions of Home Dialysis Training and Experience Among US Nephrology Fellows.

Rationale & Objective Prior research suggests a lack of confidence among graduating US nephrology trainees in implementing both peritoneal dialysis (PD) and home hemodialysis (HHD). Gaps in fellowship training may represent an obstacle to achieving the Advancing American Kidney Health Initiative's goal of increasing the use of home dialysis. We sought to identify the strengths of and limitations in home dialysis training. Design A cross-sectional study surveying nephrology trainees regarding their confidence with home dialysis management and perceptions of home dialysis educational resources provided by their training program. Setting & Participants A paper survey was distributed to 110 nephrology trainees with at least 1 year of nephrology fellowship training who attended any 1 of 3 home dialysis conferences. Analytical Approach Data were summarized as percentages. χ2, Fisher exact, and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum tests were used for statistical analysis. Outcome Self-perception of readiness to manage PD and HHD patients. Results 76 of 110 (66%) attendees completed the survey. Most respondents were moderately confident regarding principles of PD. However, only 3% had initiated patients on "urgent-start PD" and 11% observed a PD catheter insertion. The level of confidence for HHD was low. Most trainees attended a home dialysis continuity clinic with mentorship from faculty. Limitations A small number of participants and the inability to verify respondent-provided data for the number of PD and HHD patients seen and clinics attended. Potential lack of generalizability owing to inclusion of only trainees who attended a home dialysis conference. Conclusions Nephrology trainees perceive low and moderate levels of preparedness for managing HHD and PD, respectively. Educational innovation and optimization of resources at both the institutional and national levels may improve confidence and promote public policy goals regarding home dialysis therapies.
Replicating dissemination and identifying mechanisms of implementation of an empirically supported treatment.

OBJECTIVE Implementation research is needed in cancer control. Replication of the dissemination of empirically supported treatments (ESTs) is important as is the identification of mechanisms by which dissemination leads to implementation. Addressing these gaps, Study 1 (Cohorts 3-6, N = 104) tests for replication of a successful dissemination to community providers (Brothers et al., 2015; Cohorts 1-2; N = 62) and Study 2 (Cohorts 1-6) tests providers' changes on dissemination outcomes as mechanisms of EST usage. METHOD The Biobehavioral Intervention (BBI), a psychological EST in cancer control, was disseminated to oncology mental health providers using manual provision, didactics, roleplays, and other strategies. Study 1 tested for pre/post changes in dissemination outcomes (BBI knowledge/skills and attitudes toward and self-efficacy to deliver ESTs/BBI) between cohorts (1-2 vs. 3-6) with repeated measures ANOVAs. In Study 2, the implementation outcome was providers' (N = 166) BBI usage with patients (percent treated). Structural equation models tested dissemination outcome changes as predictors of usage at 2- and 4-months. RESULTS Study 1 replicated high dissemination outcomes and significant gains in BBI knowledge (p < .001) in Cohorts 3-6. Unlike Cohorts 1-2, significant gains were observed in self-efficacy (ps < .001) but not attitudes toward ESTs (p = .523) in Cohorts 3-6. In Study 2, gains in providers' self-efficacy (ps < .05) and EST attitudes (p = .008) predicted greater 2-month (58.4% ± 35.5%) and 4-month (66.2% ± 35.0%) usage of the BBI with patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This is the only replication of a dissemination for a psychological EST in cancer control. Results reliably show disseminations enhancing providers' self-efficacy to use and positive attitudes toward ESTs as mechanisms for EST implementation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Predicting metal consumption. The case of US steel

Abstract This paper develops a general model that can be used to explain past trends in metal consumption and to make long-term forecasts of metal requirements. The model identifies four apparent determinants of consumption that are explained by underlying economic trends. This framework is applied to the case of US steel consumption over the 1963-83 period and the model explains 73% of the variation in consumption over that period. The underlying economic variables are then projected into the future to yield forecasts to the year 2010, indicating slow growth in the use of steel in the USA.
Developing models for analyzing cost structures in fermentative bioprocesses

iv CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE 1 Anaerobic Digestion 2 Industrial Fermentation 4 Objectives 8 Thesis Organization 8 Author‘s Role 9 References 10 CHAPTER 2. DEVELOPMENT OF A SIMPLIFIED FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYZING LOW DEPLOYMENT RATES OF FARM-SCALE DAIRY PLUG-FLOW ANAEROBIC DIGESTION 12 Abstract 12 Introduction 13 Materials and Methods 14 Results and Discussion 21 Acknowledgements 31 References 31 CHAPTER 3. FERMENTATION MODELING: KINETICS AND THE BOTTOM LINE. 35 Abstract 35 Introduction 36 Materials and Methods 37 Results and Discussion 42 Future Work 49 Acknowledgements 50 References 51
Disparate Impact and Teacher Certification

To date, African–American teacher candidates' certification rate has been significantly below that of non-Hispanic white candidates, and this differential has been consistent across all field tests and operational assessments. At issue is the source of the disparate impact observed. The article first discusses the distinction between disparate impact and bias in assessment. This is followed by a discussion of the five broad categories of sources of disparate impact (substantially differential rates of certification by subgroup): (1) demographic differences (such as candidates' years of teaching experience or the number of advanced degrees earned), (2) recruitment differences (the system of incentives to volunteer for certification and other factors related to recruitment) that may have resulted in samples of African–American and non-Hispanic white candidates who differ systematically in teaching performance, (3) contextual differences in the conditions under which candidates teach (for example, the level of administrative, technical, or collegial support or other contextual factors that distinguish urban schools (where the majority of African–American teachers teach) from rural and suburban schools, (4) biases or deficiencies in the assessment process itself (for example, a standard of practice that privileges certain forms of teaching over others, exercises that contain biases that either disadvantage African–American candidates or, advantage white candidates, and deficiencies in training materials and the training of scorers), differential and (5) actual differences in teaching performance that have resulted from unequal educational opportunity, discrimination, and other social and historical forces. The evidence collected and analyzed to date by the National Board's Technical Analysis Group is reported, and other studies and analyses planned for the future are mentioned.
Von Neumann's Formulation of Quantum Theory and the Role of Mind in Nature

Orthodox Copenhagen quantum theory renounces the quest to understand the reality in which we are imbedded, and settles for practical rules that describe connections between our observations. Many physicist have believed that this renunciation of the attempt describe nature herself was premature, and John von Neumann, in a major work, reformulated quantum theory as theory of the evolving objective universe. In the course of his work he converted to a benefit what had appeared to be a severe deficiency of the Copenhagen interpretation, namely its introduction into physical theory of the human observers. He used this subjective element of quantum theory to achieve a significant advance on the main problem in philosophy, which is to understand the relationship between mind and matter. That problem had been tied closely to physical theory by the works of Newton and Descartes. The present work examines the major problems that have appeared to block the development of von Neumann's theory into a fully satisfactory theory of Nature, and proposes solutions to these problems.
Erratum to: Wear Debris Mobility, Aligned Surface Roughness, and the Low Wear Behavior of Filled Polytetrafluoroethylene

PTFE/α-alumina composites are well known to exhibit very low wear rates compared to unfilled PTFE and various other PTFE-matrix composites. The improved wear life of these composites is attributed in part to the formation of a uniform protective transfer film on the metal countersurface. It is postulated that the retention of transferred material and the recirculation of third bodies between the transfer film and running surface of the polymer composite are necessary for the maintenance of low wear within this tribological system. The accumulation of these third bodies was observed in reciprocating sliding tests on countersamples prescribed with aligned roughness. Wear performance of the polymer composite was tested as a function of the between the sliding direction and the aligned roughness of the countersample, ranging from parallel to perpendicular to the sliding direction. The wear rate of roughness oriented with the sliding direction was 300 times higher than roughness perpendicular to the sliding direction, revealing the importance of surface morphology and third body retention.
Applying the community of inquiry framework to an online professional practice doctoral program

The community of inquiry (CoI) framework has commonly been used to study teaching and learning in online courses (Garrison, Anderson, & Archer 2000). This paper describes the implementation of the CoI framework in a cohort-based online EdD program, where teaching presence and cognitive presence were easier to foster than social presence. Based on the results of an initial evaluation, suggestions are made to expand the components of the CoI framework when using it at a program level. Lessons learned from the implementation are also shared to assist others wishing to apply the CoI framework to online graduate programs.
Development of a dual strain gage balance system for measuring light loads

A strain gage balance force measurement system is described which was designed to meet light load requirements for an airfoil model tested in NASA Langley's low-turbulence pressure tunnel (LTPT). This system was developed to obtain direct force data needed to verify calculated pressure to force correlations used in previous aerodynamic tests. The three-component force measurement system was designed so that the strain gage balances would simultaneously support and measure the following loads: weight of the airfoil (approximately 3.0 lb/sub f/); 8.0 lb/sub f/ of lift; 0.5 lb/sub f/ of drag; and 16.0 in. lb/sub f/ of pitching moment. In addition to these design loads, the system was required to withstand 100% overload on all three components. The system comprises an airfoil, two strain gaged balances, a thermal flexure, and a mounting plate. Installation of the system in the LTPT is also discussed. >
Comparison of solutions to bi‐Maxwellian and Maxwellian transport equations for subsonic flows

Conditions corresponding to the steady state subsonic flow of a fully ionized electron-proton plasma in the terrestrial ionosphere are presently characterized by systematically comparing the solutions to the bi-Maxwellian-based 16-moment and Maxwellian-based 13-moment transport equations. The former can account for large temperature anisotropies and the flow of both parallel and perpendicular thermal energy, while the latter account for small temperature anisotropies and only a total heat flow. The comparison is conducted for 2000-10,000 K lower boundary temperatures and 1-4-K/km temperature gradients, over the 1500-13,000-km altitude range.
Oviductin (Muc9) is expressed in rabbit endocervix.

While isolating and characterizing cervical mucin glycoproteins, oviductin (Muc9) was identified in the rabbit endocervix. Following tissue homogenization, endocervical proteins were fractionated by exclusion chromatography (Sepharose CL-4B). High molecular weight components of the void volume were resolved by density gradient centrifugation using cesium bromide and dissociative conditions (4 M guanidinium chloride). High density fractions (ρ = 1.40 − 1.56 g/ml) were deglycosylated with anhydrous trifluoromethane sulfonic acid and sent to Harvard Microchemistry where in situ digestion and tryptic peptide separation were performed. Out of an HPLC map, microsequence (KLIMGFPTYGR) from peak 51 was 100% identical to mouse oviductin, and microsequence (KSTGHNFPLP) from peak 70 was 90% identical to hamster oviductin. Temporal expression of oviductin transcripts (2.4-kilobase) was negligible during the first three months of postnatal cervical differentiation. Transcripts were minimally detectable in the cervices...
CT assessment of abdominal hemorrhage in coagulopathic patients: impact on clinical management.

Background: To assess how computed tomography (CT) affected clinical management in coagulopathic patients with suspected spontaneous abdominal hemorrhage.
Ipomopsis sancti-spiritus (Polemoniaceae), a new species from northern New Mexico

Ipomopsis sancti-spiritus, a new species in sect.Ipomopsis, from the mountains of northern New Mexico is described and illustrated. The purplish calyx, pink corolla, and a short pistil with the stigma situated below the included stamens represent a unique combination of characters. The new species is similar toI. arizonica but differs primarily in corolla color and in length of the pistil.
Concentration polarization in polyelectrolyte-enhanced ultrafiltration

Abstract Polyelectrolyte-enhanced ultrafiltration (PEUF) is a new method of removing ions from water. In PEUF, a polyelectrolyte of opposite charge to the target ion is added to solution and the target ion binds to the polymer. The polyelectrolyte is then removed from the water by ultrafiltration. The resulting permeate solutions are quite pure, with measured rejections in excess of 99%. In this work, a solution containing copper was treated using PEUF with poly (styrene sulfonate) as the anionic polyelectrolyte over a wide range of polymer concentrations. As the retentate becomes more concentrated in polyelectrolyte, the rejection decreases and the flux decreases. However, even with concentrated retentate solutions, the rejections remain high (96% was the lowest rejection observed here). Fluxes only decline sharply when the concentration in the retentate is quite high. Hence, classical concentration polarization behavior is observed in PEUF, but it is not severe in the operating range of practical importance, indicating the promise of PEUF as an industrial separation process.
Expression of chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate proteoglycans in the path of growing retinal axons in the developing chick.

Previous investigations have identified proteoglycans in the central nervous system during development and have implicated some proteoglycans as axon guidance molecules that act by inhibiting axon extension. The present study investigated the pattern of immunoreactivity for several glycosaminoglycans common to certain proteoglycans relative to growing retinal axons in the developing chick visual system and in retinal explant cultures. Immunostaining for chondroitin-6-sulfate, chondroitin-4-sulfate, and keratan sulfate was observed to colocalize with retinal axons throughout the retinofugal pathway during the entire period of retinal axon growth. The proteoglycan form of collagen IX, however, was only observed in the retina, primarily peripheral to the areas with actively growing axons, The pattern of immunostaining for chondroitin sulfate in tissue sections suggested that the retinal axons might be a source for some of the chondroitin sulfate immunostaining in the developing visual pathway. This was confirmed in that chondroitin sulfate immunostaining was also observed on neurites emanating from cultured retinal explants. These findings indicate that retinal axons grow in the presence of chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate proteoglycans and that these proteoglycans in the developing chick visual pathway have functions other than to inhibit axon growth. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Diurnal Variation in the Response of Plasma Adrenocorticotropin and Cortisol to Intravenous Ovine Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone

To determine whether the plasma immunoreactive ACTH (IR-ACTH) and IR-cortisol responses to ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone (oCRH) depend on the time of day, we administered 1 microgram/kg BW synthetic oCRH as an iv bolus dose to five normal men at their usual time of awakening between 0530-0740 h, at 1600 h, and at 2300 h. Mean basal plasma IR-ACTH and IR-cortisol levels were highest upon awakening, intermediate at 1600 h, and lowest at 2300 h, reflecting the diurnal rhythm of ACTH secretion. There was no significant difference in the plasma IR-ACTH response to oCRH at different times of the day. In contrast, the mean maximum plasma IR-cortisol increment and mean integrated response were 2- and 2.6-fold greater (P less than 0.05), respectively, at 2300 h than upon awakening. In another study, oCRH was given in the morning (0700-0900 h) to 22 normal men and in the late afternoon (1600-1800 h) to 24 normal men. Mean basal plasma IR-ACTH and IR-cortisol levels were significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in the morning [24 +/- 3 pg/ml (mean +/- SEM) and 10.6 +/- 0.8 micrograms/dl, respectively] than in the afternoon (13 +/- 2 pg/ml and 5.6 +/- 0.6 micrograms/dl, respectively). Mean peak plasma IR-ACTH was slightly greater in the morning (60 +/- 5.5 pg/ml) than in the afternoon (47 +/- 5.5 pg/ml), the mean maximum plasma IR-ACTH increments were the same (35 +/- 4 and 34 +/- 5 pg/ml, respectively), and the mean integrated IR-ACTH response was slightly less in the morning (2036 +/- 414 vs. 2365 +/- 358 pg . min/ml), but none of these differences was statistically significant. Mean peak plasma IR-cortisol concentrations in the morning and afternoon were similar (18.7 +/- 0.7 and 17.3 +/- 0.9 micrograms/dl, respectively), but the mean maximum plasma IR-cortisol increments (8.1 +/- 0.8 and 11.7 +/- 0.9 micrograms/dl, respectively; P less than 0.005), and the mean integrated IR-cortisol responses (588 +/- 115 and 976 +/- 95 micrograms . min/dl, respectively; P less than 0.01) were greater in the afternoon. There was an inverse correlation between basal plasma IR-cortisol concentration and the integrated IR-ACTH response (P less than 0.05), the maximum IR-cortisol increment (P less than 0.001), and the integrated IR-cortisol response (P less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Effect of High Heat Treatment on the Viscosity of Model Milk Systems

Summary Previous heat treatment had no effect on the viscosity of a 5% lactose solution, a 15% sucrose solution, a synthetic milk salts system, and a sodium caseinate dispersion. A slight increase was found in the viscosity of skimmilk as a result of previous heat treatment. Somewhat greater effects of heat were observed in whole milk, systems containing 16% milk solids-not-fat, and other more concentrated systems. Viscosity values were related to concentration by means of the Arrhenius equation. The assumption that the viscosity of a mixture should be the sum of the viscosities of its components, was true in a number of systems. Deviations were interpreted as indications of interaction between the components, which were found in heated systems containing sugar and milk solids-not-fat. Difficulties arise in evaluating the contribution of fat to the total viscosity, but indirect evidence showed an interaction between fat and other milk constituents. Increases in viscosity which cannot be predicted from consideration of the Arrhenius equation are believed to be of practical importance in a number of dairy products.
Welsh widows’ descriptions of their relationships: Themes of relational experience in long‐term marriage

One particularly productive approach for studying relational processes is to consider how participants in relationships make sense of their relational experience. This study examined widows’ accounts of their long‐lasting marriages (25 years or more) in order to better understand the perspective of individuals who have been partners in a long‐term marriage. Three themes emerged that help to capture the experience of these women in their marriages: the imperfection of relationships, the strength of the marital dyad, and obligation as an indicator of caring. Each of these themes revealed how the relationship was impacted by social norms and provided an implicit solution to problems that are an “inherent” part of long‐term marriage. The results of this study demonstrate the ways long‐term relationships are influenced by social norms for marriage and by the historical context in which marriage is understood.
Morphological variations and sediment transport in crenulate-bay beaches, Kodiak Island, Alaska

Abstract Grain size, sorting, beachface slope variability, and sediment transport directions were examined at five mixed sand, granule, and pebble crenulate-bay beaches located at Kodiak Island, Alaska. Fitted log-spiral curves were used to differentiate zones of erosion and deposition and to determine the equilibrium morphology of each beach. Convergence and divergence of wave orthogonals from a computer-generated wave refraction diagram provided wave energy and sediment transport direction patterns. Delineation of this information combined with ground truth data permits the development of a crenulate-bay beach model. Crenulate bays are divided into three distinct shore segments based upon beach position. The shadow zone at the hooked end of the bay exhibits low wave energy, small grain size, relatively well-sorted sediment, gentle beachface slope, and an eroding shoreface relative to the remainder of the shoreline. The converse is true for the center of the beach which is subject to high wave energies and is characterized by large grain size, poor sorting, a moderate beachface slope, and a shoreline which is transitional between erosion and deposition. The characteristics of the tangential end are similar to those of the shadow zone except that the beachface slope is steep and the shoreline is depositional. Sediment transport is predominantly toward the tangential end. A headland, natural or artificial may result in the formation of a downdrift crenulate bay which eventually develops a stable equilibrium morphology, resulting in wave crests breaking simultaneously along the entire bay shoreline and a zero net longshore transport rate. Wave regime, grain size, sorting, beachface slope, erosion, deposition, and sediment transport all interact to determine the morphology of a crenulate-bay beach. The model of this study is partially based upon crenulate-bay theory which assesses the future morphology of a beach. Additionally, much of the previous work on crenulate bays is synthesized, with beach processes intergrated into the description of such bays.
Evidence for a mixed lattice in microtubules reassembled in vitro.

An extensive structural analysis of microtubules assembled in vitro has been carried out using electron microscopy in conjunction with computer analysis based on Fourier transforms and helical diffraction theory. Microtubules assembled in vitro displayed a range of numbers of protofilaments from 12 to 16, with 14 the most abundant (84% in one large sampling). In almost all structures observed protofilaments are staggered to form a characteristic 3-start shallow helix. The presence of the 3-start helix was confirmed by fiber tilting experiments to correct the effects of microtubule flattening. Since α and β tubulin subunits alternate along the protofilaments, continuous helical lattices can be constructed with interactions between adjacent protofilaments involving unlike subunits (type A lattice) or like subunits (type B lattice). However, the 14-protofilament, 3-start microtubules are incompatible with either the A or B-type continuous helical lattice. Evidence is presented which indicates that lattice discontinuities are present which generate features of both the A and B-types, with the latter predominating.
Aesthetic Communication: I. Mediating Organismic Variables.

(1970). Aesthetic Communication: I. Mediating Organismic Variables. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 82, No. 2, pp. 179-193.
Aggregation of proteins and its prevention by carbohydrate excipients : albumins and γ-globulin

Moisture-induced (2-10 microL added to 10 mg) aggregation of solid-state albumin and gamma-globulin was investigated by incubation at 37 degrees C for 24 h. The insoluble aggregates were centrifuged from a reconstituted solution, dissolved in a solution containing denaturant and reducing agent, and analysed by a Bio-Rad protein assay kit. Of the three albumins used, maximum aggregation (8.2%) was observed with bovine serum albumin that was essentially fatty-acid free. The maximum aggregation observed with gamma-globulin was 7.0%. A bell-shaped curve for percent aggregation was observed with increasing moisture content and was especially prominent for bovine serum albumin. When mixed with carbohydrate excipients in a 1:1 ratio, aggregation was reduced for both bovine serum albumin and gamma-globulin by all four of the following excipients used: Emdex, dextrose, trehalose and hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin. For bovine serum albumin, the aggregation was reduced about sixfold, with Emdex being the most effective excipient. The likely mechanism of the resulting aggregation was covalent linkages formed due to intermolecular thiol disulphide interchange.
The Function of Languages in the Post-War World

An Address delivered at the Annual Meeting of the New England Modern Language Association at Boston University, Dec. 4, 1943.