cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intraischemic mild hypothermia increases hippocampal CA1 blood flow during forebrain ischemia

Abstract The hippocampal CA1 sector is selectively vulnerable to forebrain ischemia but protected by mild hypothermia. However, the consequence of intraischemic hypothermia on CA1 blood flow during the insult has not been adequately characterized. The effects of mild intraischemic hypothermia on relative changes in regional hippocampal CA1 blood flow were recorded continuously using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) during and 30 min after 6 min of forebrain ischemia. Six experimental groups (n=6/group) of fasted male Wistar rats were compared. Groups 1, 3 and 5 consisted of normothermic rats that underwent either 6 (for CBF measurements) and 6 or 10 (for 7 day survival–CA1 neuronal death measurements) min of transient forebrain ischemia using bilateral carotid clamping and hemorrhagic hypotension. Groups 2, 4 and 6 rats were subjected to mild hypothermia (34°C) before, during, and 30 min after 6 (for CBF measurements) and 6 or 10 (for 7 day survival–CA1 neuronal death measurements) min of transient forebrain ischemia. CA1 blood flow and electroencephalogram (EEG) were continuously recorded. During the ischemic insult there were intergroup differences in the magnitude of CBF decreases in the CA1 region. In both groups 1 and 2, CBF returned to preischemic values within 1 min of reperfusion but hypothermic rats had more sustained hyperemia. Hypothermic rats had a quicker recovery of EEG activity and less delayed CA1 neuronal death (group 2 versus 4). These data suggest ischemic blood flow to the CA1 sector was altered by intraischemic mild hypothermia which may contribute to the greater benefit of intraischemic hypothermic neuroprotection.
Arteriosclerosis Obliterans: Review of 520 Cases with Special Reference to Pathogenic and Prognostic Factors

The clinical and follow-up data on 520 non-diabetic patients less than 60 years of age who had a clinical diagnosis of arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower extremities made at the Mayo Clinic in the period 1939 through 1948 were reviewed from the standpoint of pathogenesis, prognosis, and clinical course of the disease. The ratio of males to females was 11 to 1, and the mean concentration of plasma cholesterol in the male patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans was approximately 50 mg. per 100 ml. greater than that of either of 2 control groups of men without clinical evidence of atherosclerosis. The incidence of smoking among the men with this disease was higher than in a comparable group of men without it. Obesity was not commonly associated with arteriosclerosis obliterans, while hypertension was associated with the disease about 3 times as often as in a control group without the disease. The survival rate for patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans was less favorable than that of a normal popu...
Trace-Based Analysis and Prediction of Cloud Computing User Behavior Using the Fractal Modeling Technique

The problem of big data analytics is gaining increasing research interest because of the rapid growth in the volume of data to be analyzed in various areas of science and technology. In this paper, we investigate the characteristics of the cloud computing requests received by the cloud infrastructure operators. The cluster usage dataset released by Google is thoroughly studied. To address the self-similarity and non-stationarity characteristics of the workload profile in a cloud computing system, fractal modeling techniques similar to some cyber-physical system (CPS) applications are exploited. A trace-based prediction of the job inter-arrival time and aggregated resource request sent to server cluster in the near future is effectively performed by solving fractional-order differential equations. The distributions of important parameters including job/task duration time and resource request per task in terms of CPU, memory, and storage are extracted from the cluster dataset are fitted using the alpha-stable distribution.
TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION OF AN OPTICAL FIBER TRAVERSING THROUGH A CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION REACTOR

A fundamental understanding of how reactor parameters influence the fiber surface temperature is essential to manufacturing high-quality optical fiber coatings by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). In an attempt to understand this process better, a finite-volume model has been developed to study the gas flow and heat transfer of an optical fiber as it travels through a CVD reactor. This study showed that draw speed significantly affects fiber temperature inside the reactor, with temperature changes over 50% observed under the conditions studied. Other parameters affecting fiber temperature include fiber radius, fiber coating emissivity, and gas flow velocity at inlet. Multiple heat transfer modes contribute to these phenomena, with convection and radiation heat transfer dominating the process. The numerical model is validated against analytical cases.
The effects of early Le Fort I osteotomies on craniofacial growth of juvenileMacaca nemestrina monkeys

Le Fort I osteotomies were performed on three juvenile Macaca nemestrina monkeys with midface deficiencies from prior extraoral traction. The maxillas of these monkeys were moved anteriorly an amount necessary to achieve about 8 mm. of horizontal overjet. Interosseous wires were used to stabilize the segments; the animals were not placed in intermaxillary fixation. Craniofacial growth in the three experimental monkeys and in three control monkeys was monitored for 2 years with serial cephalometric radiographs. Compared to the controls, the maxillas of the experimental animals demonstrated less anterior growth, and this was manifested clinically in anterior dental cross-bite relationships. Histologic examination of the circummaxillary sutural complex revealed normal morphology. It is concluded, therefore, that early Le Fort I osteotomies significantly affect subsequent maxillary growth in monkeys and that this effect probably is due to formation of scar tissue.
Cholesterol ester deposition is reduced in rats with hypercholesterolemia and hypertension.

High K diets prevent hypertensive endothelial injury and intimal thickening. Cholesterol esters often deposit during hypercholesterolemia. We investigated whether a high K diet would influence cholesterol ester deposits in stroke prone SHR rats. Stroke prone SHR rats were fed for 3 months a basic diet containing 4% cholesterol, 14% coconut oil and 7% NaCl. One group of 13 rats had normal (.5%) K in the diet. Another group of 10 rats ate high (2.1%) K. Mean intraarterial BPs averaged 165 mmHg in the normal K group and 161 mmHg in the high K group (NS). The serum choleserol averaged 229 mg/dl in the the normal K group and 214 in the high K group (NS). Total aortic cholesterol esters per rat averaged 187 μg in normal K vs 68 μg in high K, measured by gas chromatography. Thus high K reduced cholesterol ester deposits by 64% (p<.0003), even though BPs and cholesterol levels were quite similar in the two groupps. Both high cholesterol and high BP injure endothelial cells and increase invasion of monocytes and v...
Consensus in Ad Hoc WSNs With Noisy Links— Part I: Distributed Estimation of Deterministic Signals

We deal with distributed estimation of deterministic vector parameters using ad hoc wireless sensor networks (WSNs). We cast the decentralized estimation problem as the solution of multiple constrained convex optimization subproblems. Using the method of multipliers in conjunction with a block coordinate descent approach we demonstrate how the resultant algorithm can be decomposed into a set of simpler tasks suitable for distributed implementation. Different from existing alternatives, our approach does not require the centralized estimator to be expressible in a separable closed form in terms of averages, thus allowing for decentralized computation even of nonlinear estimators, including maximum likelihood estimators (MLE) in nonlinear and non-Gaussian data models. We prove that these algorithms have guaranteed convergence to the desired estimator when the sensor links are assumed ideal. Furthermore, our decentralized algorithms exhibit resilience in the presence of receiver and/or quantization noise. In particular, we introduce a decentralized scheme for least-squares and best linear unbiased estimation (BLUE) and establish its convergence in the presence of communication noise. Our algorithms also exhibit potential for higher convergence rate with respect to existing schemes. Corroborating simulations demonstrate the merits of the novel distributed estimation algorithms.
Evaluation of Higher Order Improvement of Unstructured Schemes for Helicopter Rotor Simulations

A high-order improvement to an unstructured viscous CFD solver is evaluated and applied to the computation of helicopter rotors in hover and forward flight. The high-order improvement is achieved by reconstructing flow variables at interface of each control volume through high-order polynomial approximations. The reconstructed interface variables are used as the basis values to evaluate the high-order fluxes on the sub-faces of each interface of the control volume using a radial basis function interpolation. The improvement on the unstructured scheme is evaluated for an inviscid unsteady vortex travelling with a free stream flow for the observed order of accuracy. The high-order improvement method is also applied to compute a realistic helicopter rotor in hover and forward flight. Numerical studies indicate that the current high-order improvement is effective in preserving the vortex strength generated by helicopter blades and thus improves the numerical accuracy of predictions.
Investigation of Droplet Nucleation Inside Supercritical Ethylene Jets Using Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS) Technique

The structures of condensed supercritical ethylene jets inside a rectangular injector were explored, using the small- angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) technique. The experiment was conducted at the 8-ID beamline at the Argonne National Laboratory. The rectangular injector is equipped with diamond windows at various axial locations for x-ray access. Evolution of the internal flow properties, along with the effects of injection temperature and injector internal geometries on nucleation/growth processes, were investigated. It was found that the present injector design creates inconsistent flows, probably due to unexpected hardware issues. Nonetheless, the ability of the SAXS technique to measure tiny incipient droplets generated from the homogeneous nucleation process is demonstrated in the present study. The measured incipient droplet size is in the range of 30-100 A. The present efforts also demonstrate, for the first time, the capability to explore a highly dynamic supercritical ethylene jet inside an injector. The results suggest a concentration of large droplets along the injector wall. The injection condition with an injectant temperature close to the critical temperature promotes nucleation upstream within the injector and generates large droplets. An effort to explore the feasibility of making conventional axisymmetric injectors out of beryllium for the study of internal flow structures is currently underway. It is hoped that this new injector design will eliminate the present hardware- induced uncertainties.
Capture—recapture of white-tailed deer using DNA from fecal pellet groups

Traditional methods for estimating white-tailed deer population size and density are affected by behavioral biases, poor detection in densely forested areas, and invalid techniques for estimating effective trapping area. We evaluated a noninvasive method of capture—recapture for white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus density estimation using DNA extracted from fecal pellets as an individual marker and for gender determination, coupled with a spatial detection function to estimate density (spatially explicit capture—recapture, SECR). We collected pellet groups from 11 to 22 January 2010 at randomly selected sites within a 1-km2 area located on Arnold Air Force Base in Coffee and Franklin counties, Tennessee. We searched 703 10-m radius plots and collected 352 pellet-group samples from 197 plots over five two-day sampling intervals. Using only the freshest pellets we recorded 140 captures of 33 different animals (15M:18F). Male and female densities were 1.9 (SE = 0.8) and 3.8 (SE = 1.3) deer km-2, or a to...
Jesuit Eloquentia Perfecta and Theotropic Logology

This essay takes a rhetorical pragmatist perspective on current questions concerning educational goals and pedagogical practices. It begins by considering some challenges to rhetorical approaches to education, placing those challenges in the theoretical context of their posing. The essay then describes one current rhetorical approach—based on Kenneth Burke’s dramatism and logology—and uses it to understand and redescribe another rhetorical approach—Jesuit teaching of eloquentia perfecta. Proceeding in this way, the essay presents both a general theoretical framework for discussing educational aims and a specific practical example of how such aims might be achieved.
Ectopic fat and cardiovascular disease: What is the link?

Abstract Aim of this paper is to review the recent literature on the relationship between ectopic fat accumulation and cardiovascular disease. Data synthesis Ectopic fat is an important predictor of metabolic (in particular insulin resistance) and cardiovascular disease, carrying more risk than general fat accumulation. Recent studies have shown a link between ectopic fat accumulation, as cardiac (epicardial or intra-myocardial fat) and/or visceral and/or hepatic fat, and development of atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease and hypertension. Conclusions Ectopic fat accumulation is not only a marker of cardiometabolic disease, since through the release of adipocitokines, lipotoxic and glucotoxic agents, participates in the crosstalk with insulin-sensitive organs leading to metabolic, cardiac and vascular dysfunctions.
South Asian Monetary Integration in Light of the Optimum Currency Area Criteria Patterns of Shocks: A Comment

The objective of this note is to bring out the inconsistency in empirical estimation and conclusions that are derived in Maskay (2001). The estimation of the structural VAR model doesn't reject the over-identifying restrictions for all countries, as emphasized by Maskay (2001). The correlation coefficients of the supply shocks do show subsets of countries that can possibly form an OCA. The size and the speed of adjustment point out that any loss in policy independence may be negligible.
The California Current System as a transmitter of millennial scale climate change on the northeastern Pacific margin from 10 to 50 ka

A high resolution record of δ18O and Mg/Ca-based temperatures spanning 10–50 ka has been reconstructed from the Vancouver margin of the northeastern Pacific Ocean (MD02-2496) from two planktonic foraminiferal species, Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (s.) and Globigerina bulloides. While δ18Ocalcite appears synchronous with Dansgaard-Oeschger Interstadials (DOIs) throughout the record, millennial scale variability in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and reconstructed δ18Oseawater are frequently out of phase with Greenland climate. Changes in water mass characteristics such as δ18Ocalcite and enriched δ15N events apparently responded to millennial-scale climate change during Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3), such that negative δ18Ocalcite excursions coincided with heavier δ15N. These water mass characteristic shifts are suggestive of the presence of surface water advected from the Eastern Tropical North Pacific (ETNP) by relative strengthening of the California Undercurrent (CUC) bringing warm, salty tropical waters poleward. The linkage between the strength of the CUC on the NE Pacific margin and millennial-scale climate change may be related to increased sea surface heights off Central America as the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) shifted northward in response to changes in North Atlantic Ocean circulation. Poor correlations between proxies exist through late MIS 3 into MIS 2. Ice sheet growth could have disrupted the linkage between CUC and the NE Pacific margin as the Laurentide Ice sheet disrupted atmospheric circulation and the Cordilleran Ice Sheet increasingly influenced regional paleoceanography.
Excimer laser fragmentation-fluorescence spectroscopy as a method for monitoring ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate particles

Excimer laser fragmentation-fluorescence spectroscopy (ELFFS) is shown to be an effective detection strategy for ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate particles at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. Following photofragmentation of the ammonium salt particle, fluorescence of the NH fragment is observed at 336 nm. The fluorescence signal is shown to depend linearly on particle surface area for laser intensities varying from 1.2 x 10(8) to 6 x 10(8) W/cm2. The 100 shot (1 s) detection limits for ammonium nitrate range from 20 ppb for 0.2 microm particles to 125 ppb for 0.8 microm particles, where these concentrations are expressed as moles of ammonium ion per mole of air. For ammonium sulfate, the 100 shot (1 s) detection limits vary from 60 ppb for 0.2 microm particles to 500 ppb for 1 microm particles. These detection limits are low enough to measure ammonium salt particles that form in the exhaust of combustion processes utilizing ammonia injection as a nitric oxide control strategy.
To “Play That Funky Music” or Not: How Music Affects the Environmental Self-Regulation of High-Ability Academic Writers

Successful writing, achieved by self-regulated writers, depends not only upon focus and content, but also the writing environment, including the physical and social setting, which varies greatly among writers. Just as musical tastes differ among individuals, there are strong preferences regarding the role of music in a writing setting. To better understand the environmental self-regulation of writers, I selected a group of twelve high-achieving writers with a range of musical interests, including nine professors and three undergraduate students across three academic fields. The results suggest that musical background impacts a writer’s preferred setting, and academic writers should strongly consider this impact when establishing a successful writing environment.
Revenue from single-balloon enteroscopy is driven by anesthesia: experience from a tertiary care facility

Resource-intensive endoscopic procedures have shown to generate more costs than revenue under the current reimbursement system in the USA. Single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE), a resource-intensive procedure, has never been evaluated for its financial impact at tertiary care hospitals, and thus, our aim was to determine the sources of revenue that SBE procedures generate. Retrospective review of all procedures performed using the SBE system during the first year of implementation at a single tertiary referral center. Financial data from two subspecialties in the form of revenues for physician and facility fees were collected and analyzed. Revenues were analyzed in total and as a function of payer (insurance) and physician type. Fifty-two procedures using the SBE system were identified during the first year of implementation at a single tertiary care center. Total revenue generated for all SBE procedures was $123,714 including $64,475 dollars from physician fees and $59,239 dollars from the facility fees. Revenue generated by anesthesia physician fees was higher from Medicare cases compared to private insurance cases (p < 0.01); however, revenues from facility fees were higher for private insurance cases compared to Medicare (p < 0.01). Revenues from anesthesiology physician fees were significantly more than revenues from GI physician fees (p < 0.01). Of the three referred cases, one generated additional downstream revenues from other non-SBE-related services totaling $4727. A large proportion of revenues generated from SBE cases come in the form of ancillary services provided by anesthesia. Projected revenue generation (and it sources) should be considered when establishing a device-assisted enteroscopy program.
Development of an Improved Protocol for the Isolation and Detection of Enterobacter sakazakii (Cronobacter) from Powdered Infant Formula

Enterobacter sakazakii causes severe maladies and, in some cases, is fatal among infants. Powdered infant formula (PIF) contaminated with E. sakazakii has been documented as a potential cause of several outbreaks involving infants. This study describes the development of a method for the isolation and detection of E. sakazakii from PIF. It combines Taqman real-time PCR, Brilliance E. sakazakii and R&F chromogenic agars, and RAPID ID 32E biochemical tests. This method provides an expedient analysis within 1 to 2 days depending on the amount and stress status of E. sakazakii organisms and competing microorganisms in PIF. The real-time PCR has bifunctional applications, including both screening and culture confirmation of E. sakazakii.
Ultrasound images transmitted via FaceTime are non-inferior to images on the ultrasound machine

Abstract Purpose Remote telementored ultrasound (RTMUS) systems can deliver ultrasound (US) expertise to regions lacking highly trained bedside ultrasonographers and US interpreters. To date, no studies have evaluated the quality and clinical utility of US images transmitted using commercially available RTMUS systems. Methods This prospective pilot evaluated the quality of US images (right internal jugular vein, lung apices and bases, cardiac subxiphoid view, bladder) obtained using a commercially available iPad operating FaceTime software. A bedside non-physician obtained images and a tele-intensivist interpreted them. All US screen images were simultaneously saved on the US machine and captured via a FaceTime screen shot. The tele-intensivist and an independent US expert rated image quality and utility in guiding clinical decisions. Results The tele-intensivist rated FaceTime images as high quality (90% [69/77]) and could comfortably make clinical decisions using these images (96% [74/77]). Image quality did not differ between FaceTime and US images (97% (75/77). Strong inter-rater reliability existed between tele-intensivist and US expert evaluations (Spearman's rho 0.43; P Conclusion An RTMUS system using commercially available two-way audiovisual technology can transmit US images without quality degradation. For most anatomic sites assessed, US images acquired using FaceTime are not inferior to those obtained directly with the US machine.
Modeling the MJO in a cloud-resolving model with parameterized large-scale dynamics: Vertical structure, radiation, and horizontal advection of dry air

Two Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) events, observed during October and November 2011 in the equatorial Indian Ocean during the DYNAMO field campaign, are simulated in a limited-area cloud-resolving model using parameterized large-scale dynamics. Three parameterizations of large-scale dynamics—the conventional weak temperature gradient (WTG) approximation, vertical mode-based spectral WTG (SWTG), and damped gravity wave coupling (DGW)—are employed. A number of changes to the implementation of the large-scale parameterizations, as well as the model itself, are made and lead to improvements in the results. Simulations using all three methods, with imposed time-dependent radiation and horizontal moisture advection, capture the time variations in precipitation associated with the two MJO events well. The three methods produce significant differences in the large-scale vertical motion profile, however. WTG produces the most top-heavy profile, while DGW's is less so, and SWTG produces a profile between the two, and in better agreement with observations. Numerical experiments without horizontal advection of moisture suggest that that process significantly reduces the precipitation and suppresses the top-heaviness of large-scale vertical motion during the MJO active phases. Experiments in which a temporally constant radiative heating profile is used indicate that radiative feedbacks significantly amplify the MJO. Experiments in which interactive radiation is used produce agreement with observations that is much better than that achieved in previous work, though not as good as that with imposed time-varying radiative heating. Our results highlight the importance of both horizontal advection of moisture and radiative feedbacks to the dynamics of the MJO.
Genetic Diversity within and between Sibling-Species of Salt-marsh Horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae)

A population genetic study of the sibling-species pair of greenhead horseflies, Tabanus nigrovittatus and T. conterminus , was conducted along the Atlantic coast of North America. Four gene loci of twelve surveyed were found to serve as species diagnostic markers. Sympatric populations of the two species were identified from Massachusetts to Virginia; no hybrids were observed anywhere in this range. The coefficient of genetic distance between the two species was 0.453, which coincides with other reported values among sibling-species of Diptera. For each species, genetic diversity was divided into, within and between subpopulation components. For both species, only a small proportion of the total genetic diversity was contained in the differences between local subpopulations. T. nigrovittatus displayed strong latitudinal clines in allelic frequencies at two gene loci, but the patterns of variation at other polymorphic loci were substantially less heterogeneous throughout its range.
LOW COMPLIANCE OF IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER-DEFIBRILLATOR USE FOR HEART FAILURE WITH REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION IN AN UNDERSERVED POPULATION

It is well established that primary prophylactic ICD (P-ICD) implantation for heart failure (HF) for patients with a sustained left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 35% has a significant survival benefit. However, data regarding rates of P-ICD implantation is scant especially in underserved
Measurements and Modeling of the Laminar Flame Speeds of n-Propyl and 1,3,5-TriMethyl Benzenes at Moderate Pressures

Aromatics are major components of real and surrogate jet fuels and can produce rich stabilized radicals to inhibit the mixture reativity. The laminar flame speeds of the two aromatic C 9H12 isomers, n-Propylbenzene and 1,3,5-TriMethyl benzene are measured at atmospheric pressure. A kinetic model have been developed, and tested against these new experimental data as well as against previously published data. Both experiments and computations show that n-Propylbenzene exhibits higher flame speeds than the other isomer, due to the weaker bonds in the propyl side chain. The increase of pressure results in an increased inhibitive effect on the flame velocities for both fuels because of the competition between the two reactions H+O 2=O+OH and H+O 2(+M)=HO 2(+M). The oxidation pathway of the 1,3,5-triMethyl benzene isomer has been delineated and is computed to be little sensitive to the pressure. However, results show that the degradation scheme of n-Propyl benzene is observed to be more strongly pressure dependent.
Leading Through Conflict : Into the Fray

Effective leadership requires the capacity to successfully manage conflict. This edited volume examines the causes and consequence of conflict in groups, organizations and communities, and identifies ways that conflict can be managed and resolved
Sterols and fatty acids of the Mortierellaceae: taxonomic implications

The total sterols of selected Mortierella species were analyzed by GLC/MS with the aim of determining if the distribution of major sterols followed taxonomic lines within the zygomycetous family Mo...
Interphase Energies and Nonequilibrium Growth of γ-precipitates in Al-Ag: A DFT Study

Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations of interphase boundary energies provide useful input for many precipitate growth models in alloy systems [1]. One example is Al-Ag, where a rich variety of precipitate types exist, and the sizes and shapes are determined roughly by a Wulff construction, namely, minimizing surface free energies with respect to geometry. This is only a first approximation, however, as kinetic-considerations and crystallography do not allow for a uniform, isotropic growth. Consequently, a nonequilibrium growth model is developed for γ-plates [2], which attempts to connect semi-coherent (ledge) and incoherent (edge) interface growth rates in a way that incorporates shape and interface energies. Through this connection, we make a DFT model with approximate unit cells that mirror experimental conditions, which gives accurate predictions for precipitate aspect ratios and time-development of nonequilibrium shapes. Starting from an explicit calculation of Suzuki segregation of solute to stacking-faults, we find a mechanism for nucleation of nanoscale γ-plates on quenched defects, identify a bulk structure from a calculated phase diagram that gives the relevant HCP equilibrium precipitate structure occurring at 50 at.% Ag and calculate critical nucleation parameters for γ-precipitate formation. Applications to island-coarsening and lath morphology are also discussed.
Evidence for formation of a Co-H bond from (H2O)2Co(dmgBF2)2 under H2: application to radical cyclizations.

Under H2, the radical cyclization of appropriate dienes can be catalyzed by cobaloximes. H• can be abstracted from an intermediate (presumably a cobalt hydride) by trityl radicals (Ar3C•) or by TEMPO. The rate-determining step in these reactions is the uptake of H2, which is second order in cobalt and first order in hydrogen; the third-order rate constant is 106(3) M–2·s–1.
Establishment and analysis on ARIMA model of the incidence of bacillary dysentery in Chuzhou city

Objective The study was designed to develop the ARIMA models for predicting the incidence of bacillary dysentery in Chuzhou city,and provide supports for prevention and control of the disease. Methods Data of bacillary dysentery incidence from 1987 to 2013 in Chuzhou city were collected. SPSS was used to fit ARIMA model,parameter of model was estimated based on maximum likelihood. The order of model was determined according to AIC and BIC criterion. Q statistic was used to verify the applicability of the model. Results Through the test of parameters and goodness of fit as well as white- noise residuals,we finalized the model ARIMA( 1,1,1),of which AIC( Akaike Information Criterion) = 5.573,BIC( Bayesian Information Criterion) = 8. 165,statistic of Q( 8. 857) was smaller than χ20. 05,26. The MER( Mean Relative Error) of ARIMA model were 0. 338. Conclusion The ARIMA model of bacillary dysentery incidences could be applied to forecasting the epidemic trend of bacillary dysentery in Chuzhou city. This also provides a basis for the intervention.
Pre)maligne genitale tumoren

In het hoofdstuk (pre)maligne tumoren wordt per tumorsoort een kort overzicht gegeven van incidentie, screening, preventie, behandeling en overleving van de vier meest voorkomende vormen van kanker van de vrouwelijke genitalia, namelijk endometrium-, ovarium-, cervix- en vulvacarcinoom. Per tumorsoort wordt beschreven of er sprake is van behandelbare premaligne aandoeningen, welke screeningsmogelijkheden er zijn en welke vormen van preventie. Naast behandelresultaten in de vorm van overleving wordt ook ingegaan op complicaties en late bijwerkingen van behandelingen.
Female Sexual Aggression on College Campuses: Prevalence, Correlates, and Perceptions

Research in the last 15 years has identified the ways in which college-aged women are sexually aggressive in their interpersonal relationships. The goal of this chapter is to review the growing literature on college-aged women’s perpetration of sexually aggressive behaviors. This includes a review of the prevalence rates for various types of female-perpetrated sexually aggressive strategies. We then consider the personality, attitudinal, and behavioral traits of sexually aggressive women in order to gain insight into why women engage in these behaviors. Furthermore, we examine how gender stereotypes relate to public perceptions of sexually aggressive women and consider the implications of sexual aggression perpetrated by women.
Evolving patterns of care in the management of stage I non-seminomatous germ cell tumors: data from the California Cancer Registry.

To assess the shifting population-level practice patterns across a 20-year time span in the management of stage I non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT). Using the California Cancer Registry, we reviewed all patients with stage I NSGCT between 1988 and 2010. We determined their primary treatment and their overall rates across the years. Other analyzed variables included patient age, T stage, socioeconomic status, race, and year of diagnosis. Predictors of treatment were assessed using logistic regression analysis. Predictors of overall and CSS were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. Three thousand nine hundred and sixty-one patients with stage I NSGCT were identified. The most common treatment was surveillance (48 %), followed by RPLND (26 %) and chemotherapy (24 %). Rates of surveillance increased from 35 % in 1988 to 61 % in 2010; rates of RPLND decreased from 44 % in 1988 to 10 % in 2010. These were significant changes in treatment strategies (p 60 years old (OR 1.63, CI 1.19–5.82). With a median follow-up of 96 months, 5-year overall survival rate was 95 %. Treatment patterns in the management of stage I NSGCT have shifted in the past two decades with an increased utilization of surveillance and concurrent decrease in use of RPLND. Surveillance is now the dominant strategy, potentially reflecting changes in perception of the oncologic safety and morbidity profile of such an approach.
Rest-activity rhythm disruption in progressive supranuclear palsy.

Abstract Objective/Background The brainstem is among the first regions affected in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and is part of the sleep/circadian regulation network. In two small studies, blood pressure and core body temperature circadian patterns were disrupted in PSP; however, it is unclear if circadian activity rhythms are also affected. Our objective was to perform circadian analyses of the rest-activity rhythms in PSP and determine the association with increasing disease severity. Patients/Methods Individuals with a clinical PSP diagnosis ( n = 17; nine men) and healthy older adults ( n = 17; nine men) were selected for this study. Participants wore actigraphy wristbands and completed sleep diaries for up to 14 consecutive days. Data were analyzed to assess circadian activity strength (amplitude, mesor, f-ratio), phase (acrophase), and circadian stability (intradaily variability, interdaily stability, relative amplitude). Analyses controlled for sleep fragmentation, cognition, and self-reported depression. The association between disease severity using the PSP rating scale and circadian activity rhythm disruption was assessed. Results Individuals with PSP had significantly lower circadian activity mesor ( p ≤ 0.001), amplitude ( p ≤ 0.001), robustness (f-ratio, p 0.01), relative amplitude ( p ≤ 0.001), and interdaily stability ( p ≤ 0.01), with increased intradaily variability ( p 0.05). CAR remained weaker in PSP after controlling for sleep fragmentation, and again when also controlling for cognitive impairment and depression. Weaker circadian activity (mesor, amplitude, f-ratio, and relative amplitude) was associated with increased disease severity. Conclusions Circadian activity rhythms are disrupted in individuals with PSP as compared to controls, and worsen with disease severity. This is the first study of its kind to describe circadian activity rhythms in PSP.
Urea Cycle Disorders

The urea cycle is the primary biochemical pathway in humans by which excess nitrogen is disposed. Through the coordinated function of six enzymes and two mitochondrial transporters, the pathway catalyzes the conversion of a molecule of ammonia, the α-nitrogen of aspartate and bicarbonate into urea. Whereas ammonia is toxic, urea is relatively inert, soluble in water, and readily excreted in the urine. The major sequelae of urea cycle disorders are neurological. All of the genes have been identified. The disorders may present at any age from the neonatal period to adulthood. In this chapter, the most common presentations are discussed along with inheritance patterns and treatments.
DNS and BIND

Real networks are more than a collection of workstations identified by their IP address. On the Internet, systems refer to each other through their names, and the Domain Name System (DNS) provides a method to translate from names to addresses and back again. The DNS protocols form the core protocol for the Internet, and an understanding of cyber operations requires an understanding of DNS.
The Bayley-III Cognitive Scale

Publisher Summary The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition is an individually administered instrument designed to assess the developmental functioning of infants, toddlers, and young children aged between 1 and 42 months. The Bayley-III provides coverage of the following five domains: cognitive, language, motor, adaptive, and social-emotional development. These domains are emphasized in the Individuals with Disabilities Educational Improvement Act of 2004 IDEA 2004 as critical to the comprehensive assessment of young children, as they are key in documenting delays and are pertinent to informing response to intervention efforts. Historically, the Bayley Scales have been viewed as the gold standard assessment tool for assessment and research with infants and toddlers. Thus, this revision can be expected to continue to provide valuable information about young children's developmental status. This chapter discusses the clinical administration and interpretation of the Bayley-III, outlines its strengths and weaknesses, and provides a case study that highlights its use with a toddler who displays developmental delays.
Hope and hopelessness as predictors of suicide ideation in Hungarian college students.

ABSTRACTThis study investigated whether hopelessness and dispositional hope predict suicide ideation in 395 Hungarian college students. Both hopelessness and hope uniquely predicted suicide ideation, a pattern that remained unchanged even after controlling for psychological symptoms. Moreover, a significant Hopelessness × Hope interaction predicted suicide ideation. Present findings highlight how hope buffers the association between hopelessness and suicide risk in college students.
Inquiry-Based Civil Discourse Education.

Course: Civil discourse, argumentation, debate, persuasion, political communicationObjectives: This unit activity will help students build an understanding of civil discourse and its function in society. Students will: (1) increase their capacity to examine arguments critically, (2) enhance their own ability to self-reflect critically, and (3) improve their ability to engage in civil discourse. This activity will employ inquiry-based learning strategies to apply students’ understanding of civil discourse in a dialogue with the broader campus community by partnering with campus media to develop and publish original opinion-editorial pieces.
Contamination-Induced Degradation/Enhancement of Interfacial Toughness and Strength in Polymer-Matrix Composite Interfaces

This study explores the effect of environmental contamination on the interfacial toughness and strength of polymer-based interfaces. Double cantilever beam, end-notched flexure, and single lap joint tests are utilized to examine the contaminated bond line behavior under different fracture modes. A typical adhesive/adherend material system exposed to a common aviation hydraulic fluid at varying contamination concentrations is examined. The mode-I fracture tests reveal a significant degradation in mode-I fracture toughness and strength with increasing contaminant concentration, whereas mode-II fracture properties are found to be insensitive to the contamination level. To the contrary, single lap joint shear strength exhibits an enhancement with increasing contaminant concentration. Such contradictory result can be attributed to nucleation vs. propagation of interfacial cracks. Contamination weakens the interfacial bonding and thereby reduces the interfacial adhesion while shielding plastic dissipation within the bond line. Whereas, contamination also reduces the plastic flow stress of the bond line and thereby increases local plastic dissipation in the SLJ geometry.
The effect of sex and menstrual phase on memory formation during a nap

Memory formation can be influenced by sleep and sex hormones in both men and women, and by the menstrual cycle in women. Though many studies have shown that sleep benefits the consolidation of memories, it is not clear whether this effect differs between men and women in general or according to menstrual phase in women. The present study investigated the effect of sex and menstrual cycle on memory consolidation of face-name associations (FNA) following a daytime nap. Recognition memory was tested using a face-name paired associates task with a polysomnographic nap between morning and evening testing. Seventeen healthy women (age: 20.75 (1.98) years) were studied at two time points of their menstrual cycles, defined from self-report and separated by 2weeks (perimenses: -5days to +6days from the start of menses, and non-perimenses: outside of the perimenses phase), and compared with eighteen healthy men (age: 22.01 (2.91) years). Regardless of menstrual phase, women had better pre-nap performance than men. Further, menstrual phase affected post-nap memory consolidation, with women showing greater forgetting in their perimenses phase compared with their non-perimenses phase and men. Interestingly, post-nap performance correlated with electrophysiological events during sleep (slow oscillations, spindles, and temporal coupling between the two), however, these correlations differed according to menstrual phase and sex. Men's performance improvement was associated with the temporal coupling of spindles and slow oscillations (i.e., spindle/SO coincidence) as well as spindles. Women, however, showed an association with slow oscillations during non-perimenses, whereas when they were in their perimenses phase of their cycle, women appeared to show an association only with sleep spindle events for consolidation. These findings add to the growing literature demonstrating sex and menstrual phase effects on memory formation during sleep.
Protandry of Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Beetle Emergence Partially Due to Earlier Egg Hatch of Males

Abstract: The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, exhibits protandry. The contribution of pre-hatch development to protandry in western corn rootworm was previously investigated with a small set of data from one population. To verify the contribution of pre-hatch development to protandry, more than 10,000 larvae from seven wild-type populations collected from across the Corn Belt were evaluated. Larvae were placed into containers on each day of egg hatch for each population and allowed to develop into adults. Duration of hatch for these populations ranged from 7 to 19 days with the percent of insects surviving to adulthood varying between 13 and 52%. For the first 25% of egg hatch, significantly more males emerge. Pre-hatch development does contribute to protandry, but overall the contribution is likely less than post-hatch development.
Clinical and histological evolution after de novo donor-specific anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies: a single centre retrospective study

Donor-specific anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies (DSA) can be preformed or de novo (dn). Strategies to manage preformed DSA are well described, but data on the management and outcomes of dnDSA are lacking. We performed a retrospective analysis of data from a single centre of the management and outcomes of 22 patients in whom a dnDSA was identified with contemporary and follow up biopsies. Evolution from baseline to follow up revealed a statistically significant loss of kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate: 45.9 ± 16.7 versus 37.4 ± 13.8 ml/min/1.73 m2; p = 0.005) and increase in the proportion of patients with transplant glomerulopathy (percentage with cg lesion ≥1: 27.2% vs. 45.4%; p = 0.04). Nine patients were not treated at the time of dnDSA identification, and 13 patients received various drug combinations (e.g., corticosteroids, plasmapheresis, thymoglobulins and/or rituximab). No significant pathological changes were observed for the various treatment combinations. Our retrospective analysis of a small sample suggests that dnDSA should be considered a risk factor for the loss of kidney function independent of the baseline biopsy, and multidisciplinary evaluations of the transplant patient are a necessary requirement. Further confirmation in a multicentre prospective trial is required.
Heme-Linked Ionization of Horseradish Peroxidase Compound II Monitored by Changes in the Fe(IV)=0 Resonance Raman Frequency

Time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy has been demonstrated to be a powerful method for elucidation of chemical mechanisms of a number of photo-initiated reactions of biological importance [1–3]. Recently we have turned our attention to the study of activated enzymatic intermediates using mixing techniques.
Diagnostic concordance between NT-proBNP and BNP for suspected heart failure.

Abstract Objectives BNP and NT-proBNP are viewed as comparable in their ability to diagnose and monitor HF in clinical guidelines. However, no recent large-scale study has directly established diagnostic concordance between BNP and NT-proBNP. This study sought to assess diagnostic concordance of BNP and NT-proBNP for ruling in and ruling out heart failure (HF). Methods Simultaneous BNP and NT-proBNP testing was performed on 2729 patient samples with routinely ordered BNP testing. Hospital location, age, sex, creatinine, BNP and NT-proBNP were also recorded. Recommended cutoffs for BNP and NT-proBNP for ruling in and out HF were used for assessing diagnostic concordance and correlation. Results In the ED setting, concordance between BNP and NT-proBNP was 0.695 (95% CI, 0.668–0.723) by weighted kappa using the recommended cutoffs for the acute setting. In non-ED patients, the concordance was 0.642 (95% CI, 0.580–0.705) using non-acute setting cutoffs. In the ED setting, patients with eGFR 60 mL/min/1.73m2 (0.707, 95% CI 0.669–0.744). Patients with an eGFR 60 mL/min/1.73m2 (17.0 vs. 4.7, P Conclusion The current cutoffs for diagnosing HF for NT-proBNP and BNP have relatively low diagnostic concordance and correlation, particularly among patients with chronic kidney disease.
GAMETE AND EMBRYO TECHNOLOGY | Artificial Insemination

This article provides a factual overview of the important developments of artificial insemination (AI) as the most important biotechnology to date for improving cattle, and its impact upon the correlated increase in the knowledge of sperm physiology and fertilization. The technologies of semen evaluation and preservation of liquid and frozen semen described for cattle apply, with some modifications, to other species.
What Is a Project-Based STEM Environment?

Research on how people learn has shown that the types of settings most conducive for learning are those that are student-, knowledge-, and community-centered and use formative assessment to support learning (NRC, 2000). A project-based environment incorporates all these features, which when implemented with effective design and instruction could create an ideal space for creativity, understanding, and scholarship. But how does a project-based milieu allow all students the opportunity to learn specific content goals required of a course or a district curriculum? This book provides insight into innovative ways to design a project-based educational setting within a Science, Technology, Engineering, or Mathematics (STEM) classroom that ensures opportunity for students to learn specific content goals of the course, while simultaneously becoming “experts” of their own research topics.