cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Filipino Crew Community in the Hawai'i ‐ Based Longline Fishing Fleet

The Hawai'i-based longline fishing industry has been heavily regulated with little analysis of the resulting social and cultural effects. In 2003–04, the NOAA Fisheries Service Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) studied fishermen in the Hawai'i-based longline fleet to develop a comprehensive sociocultural profile of industry participants. One focus of the study was the Filipino crew members, who comprised about three-quarters of the longline crew population working at the time. One researcher, with the assistance of a Filipino interpreter-community liaison, developed oral histories of 145 crew members. Consistent with ethnographic approaches, the oral histories were developed over time, with individuals and small groups, until each crew member's story was fully documented. Much data were collected through participant-observation, as the researcher and interpreter became regular fixtures on the docks for nearly two years. Many of the Filipinos had backgrounds in fishing and had substantial levels of related training, such as marine engineering. Their main incentives for working in the Hawai'i longline industry were the economic benefits and status provided by overseas employment, although most appreciated the fishing lifestyle. Job satisfaction was relatively high; salary levels were acceptable, and there was potential to earn additional income. Despite being confined to the immediate pier area because of their visa status, Filipino crew members derived benefits from several types of social networks and exhibited many characteristics common to communities.
Halo mergers in phase-space

I consider a very simple model for the evolution of the real space and phase-space density profiles of a dark matter halo as it acquires its mass. I show that this model, which assumes slow growth through gradual accretion, predicts structures much more concentrated than those found in self-consistent simulations of halo formation. By implication, major mergers must act to reduce the concentration of dark matter haloes, adding the orbital energy of the infalling satellite to the internal energy of the pre-existing system and causing it to expand at intermediate radii. This effect should be easy to detect in numerical simulations.
Results of the second tank trial of the LLNL/NAVSEA underwater laser-imaging system

This report provides a summary of the second in-water test of the LLNL/NAVSEA Underwater Laser Imaging System (UWLIS). The UWLIS is a laser-based, synchronous-scanning, underwater imaging device that is designed to operate at greater ranges than is possible with conventional underwater TV cameras. It differs from earlier prototype synchronousscanning systems in that it is capable of high scan rates that allow the generation of real-time, RS-170 video images. The UWLIS is being developed for eventual use on Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) during deep-ocean Naval salvage missions. The floodlight-illuminated television cameras presently used on NAVSEA vessels can produce images at ranges up to about 2 attenuation lengths (AL) (2). Beyond that point, common volume backscatter from particulates in the intervening seawater between the imager and the target overwhelms the return signal, and the image is lost. The special optical geometry of the synchronous-scanning imager is designed to minimize common-volume effects. Previous theoretical studies (1) indicate that a system of this type should be capable of operation at distances as great as 6 to 7 attenuation lengths. An improvement of this magnitude would greatly increase the efficiency of salvage operations, thus decreasing their cost.
Effects of ambiguous and unambiguous stimulus word differences on popular responses of schizophrenics

Tested that aspect of response interference theory that predicts that schizophrenics give fewer dominant and more competing responses for ambiguous, but not unambiguous, conditions. It was hypothesized that schizophrenics would evidence in a word association task greater gains, after treatment, in response popularity for ambiguous, but not for unambiguous, stimulus words. The prediction was assessed by administering a specially-constructed wordlist balanced for idiodynamic semantic sets (Moran, 1966). Results, from a pre- and posttest control group design, met predictions for 24 matched pairs of schizophrenics and neurotics: after 5 weeks of treatment, schizophrenics gained significantly in popular responses for ambiguous but not for unambiguous stimulus words, whereas neurotics did not gain significantly for either condition. Positive correlation for schizophrenics between ambiguous word response popularity gains in home and community adjustment as rated by a significant other coincided with expectations from response interference theory (Broen, 1968).
Existence and optimality of currency equilibrium in stochastic overlapping generations models: The pure endowment case☆

Abstract We consider a pure exchange stochastic overlapping generations economy. Sufficient conditions for the existence of a monetary equilibrium and a characterization of optimality are provided. It is shown that in a monetary equilibrium currency provides partial insurance, and that the equilibrium allocation is optimal. It is also shown that if an allocation is optimal, the contingent claim prices associated with it are such that—in an average sense—the present value of the social endowment is bounded.
Novel methods for fluorescence sensing

We describe a new method for fluorescence sensing based on measurements of the steady state polarization of an analyte- sensitive fluorophore in the presence of a reference fluorophore with known polarization. The basic concept is that the polarization of a mixture reflects a weighted average of the polarization of the emitting species. By use of reference fluorophores the starting values can be near zero, or near 0.9 for oriented films which contain the reference fluorophore. Changing intensities of the sensing fluorophore due to the analyte result in changes in the polarization of the combined emission. A wide dynamic range is available because of the freedom to select high or low starting polarization values. Polarization-based sensing was demonstrated for pH using 6- carboxy fluorescein. We also show that polarization sensing can be used for measurements of oxygen and glucose. Polarization sensing can have numerous applications in clinical and analytical chemistry.
The human myocardial two-dimensional gel protein database: update 1994.

An updated human heart protein two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) database is presented. The database, which contains some 1388 protein spots characterised in terms of Mr and pI, has been analysed further by Western immunoblotting and protein sequencing. From a total of 103 protein spots analysed, 49 have been identified by immunoblotting and 32 have been identified by protein sequencing. A further six proteins have tentatively been assigned by comparison with the human heart 2-DE protein database of Jungblut et al. (Electrophoresis) 1994, 15, 685–607). This database is being used in studies of alterations in protein expression in the diseased and transplanted human heart.
Body condition as an index of winter foraging success in crabeater seals (Lobodon carcinophaga)

Body composition is a direct measure of body condition and as such integrates seasonal variation in foraging success and energy expenditure. In phocids, body condition is a critical determinant of both reproductive effort and ability to survive periods of poor foraging success. We determined body composition in 29 crabeater seals, Lobodon carcinophaga, during austral autumn (April–May 2002) and late winter (August–September 2001, 2002) off the Antarctic Peninsula by measuring blubber depth and taking morphometric (length, girth) measurements. In 15 of these seals, we also measured body composition using the labeled-water dilution technique. The two methods produced similar body composition estimates, with an average difference of 7%. There were no differences in body composition between adult males and females or between autumn and late winter. These findings suggest that by autumn, adult seals have replenished their energy stores following reproduction and molt. Similarly, the absence of seasonal variation in adults indicates that seals are successfully foraging throughout winter. In addition to providing insight into seasonal and age-related variation in body composition, this study provides baseline body condition data that can be used to measure impacts of natural or anthropogenic environmental change on one of the large consumers of Antarctic krill.
Spin-polarized electron transport of a self-assembled organic monolayer on a Ni(111) substrate: An organic spin switch

Using density functional theory and the Bardeen, Tersoff, and Hamann formalism we have calculated spin-polarized electron transport in a system involving a nonbonded magnetic probe tip and a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of benzene-1,4-dithiol on a Ni(111) substrate. A significantly higher tunneling current is obtained for a configuration in which the spin of the probe tip is aligned parallel to that of the substrate than for a configuration with antiparallel alignment---an effect prerequisite for an organic spin switch.
UV effects in “the real world”: problems of UV dosimetry in complex organisms

Understanding the effects of UV radiation on higher plants and animals is essential for evaluating the consequences of environmental changes which could alter the UV levels in the biosphere. Although analytical approaches for quantifying UV exposures and resulting cellular damage levels in optically simple systems (DNA in dilute solution, viruses or microorganisms in dilute suspension and monolayers of cultured cells) are well known, these methods may not be applicable to optically complex systems, such as multilayered plants and animals, or microorganisms in absorbing milieu such as natural lakes or oceans. Understanding the problems, pitfalls and solutions to the quantification of UV exposures and cellular damage is critical for evaluating the effects of environmental UV on complex organisms.
Effect of prepartum blockade of microtubule formation on milk production and biochemical differentiation of the mammary epithelium in holstein heifers.

Abstract 1. 1. Prepartum intramammary infusions of colchicine markedly reduced subsequent milk production compared with untreated mammary glands in the same animal. 2. 2. After the first week postpartum, milk composition was similar in control and treated mammary glands. 3. 3. Rates of fatty acid synthesis, CO2 production and protein synthesis at either 5 or 21 days postpartum were lower in mammary tissue slices taken from mammary glands treated prepartum with colchicine. 4. 4. We conclude that an intact microtubule system is necessary for initiation of milk synthesis and secretion at parturition.
AF64A (ethylcholine mustard aziridinium) impairs acquisition and performance of a spatial, but not a cued water maze task: Relation to cholinergic hypofunction

The cholinergic neurotoxin AF64A (ethylcholine mustard aziridinium) produced alterations in a spatial but not a nonspatial cognitive task following ICV injection. AF64A impaired acquisition and performance in the standard Morris water maze task, evidenced by significantly longer latencies to find the submerged platform. However, the AF64A group exhibited shorter latencies and more direct paths to the target at the end of training, which suggests acquisition of efficient search strategies and a sparing of procedural memory. However, the AF64A group spent significantly less time in the target quadrant during the probe trial than the CSF group. This suggests a failure to learn the specific location of the target and impaired declarative memory processes. In contrast, AF64A did not affect performance of a cued MWM task that did not involve spatial memory processing, demonstrating the absence of motoric, sensory, or motivational impairments. The AF64A-induced behavioral deficits were associated with a) a significant decrease in high affinity choline transport (HAChT), b) reduced concentrations of 5-HT and 5-HIAA, and c) an increased ratio of 5-HIAA/5HT, in the HPC. There were no changes in choline uptake in the gustatory cortex, the amygdala, or the striatum. Percent time in the target quadrant during the probe trial was significantly correlated with HAChT in the HPC. There were no correlations between any of the behavioral measures and HAChT in the striatum, gustatory cortex, or the amygdala, or between serotonergic or noradrenergic parameters in the HPC. These data suggest that AF64A produces cognitive deficits in spatial tasks that are correlated with the cholinergic hypofunction induced by the compound.
A New Northern-Most Record for the Family Hydroscaphidae(Coleoptera: Myxophaga), with Description of a New Nearctic Species

ABSTRACT Hydroscapha redfordi Maier, Ivie, Johnson, and Maddison, new species, is described from a hot spring in northern Idaho. This new record extends the range of the genus in North America, and marks a new northern-most limit for the family worldwide. Hydroscapha redfordi is distinguished from Hydroscapha natans LeConte by both morphological characters and characters of two genes: the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I and the nuclear gene for 28S ribosomal RNA. Previous species concepts of H. natans are reviewed, and several populations inhabiting hot springs in Idaho and Nevada are now hypothesized to be independent species, leading to a prediction of many undescribed species remaining to be discovered.