cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nesting Biology and Foraging Ecology of the Wood-boring Bee Lithurgus chrysurus (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

Abstract The biology of the wood-boring bee Lithurgus chrysurus Fonscolombe, 1834 is described and the biology of the genus Lithurgus is summarized. Lithurgus chrysurus is univoltine and over-winter as prepupae inside cocoons. The females excavate their own burrows in various dead woods and they do not reuse burrows. The cells are separated by partitions composed of cut wood pieces. To assess the diet breadth of L. chrysurus, pollen analyses were conducted on 8 samples of provisions from 3 nests and 2 feces samples from one nest. The provisions averaged 30,600 pollen grains per mg of dry matter. The proportion of broken pollen grains averaged 3.3% and was consistent among nests and for provisions and feces. Centaurea (Asteraceae, tribe Cynareae) was the dominant pollen type found in all provisions and feces, accounting for 98.0 to 99.9% of the pollen based on the number of grains. This proportion was similar among nests for both provisions and feces. These results indicate that, at the study site, L. chry...
Triggering Events, Corporate Entrepreneurship and the Marketing Function

The interface between entrepreneurship and marketing in established companies is explored. It is argued that the conventional role of marketing varies with the type of entrepreneurship, but that the role tends to be reactive or adaptive. An entrepreneurial perspective on marketing is introduced. Factors that initiate entrepreneurial events are examined, and ways for categorizing these triggers are proposed. Four general roles for marketing in entrepreneurial efforts are derived, and the appropriateness of each role is related to the category of trigger. Specific characteristics of marketing’s involvement, such as the pattern, timing, and scope of inputs, are linked to types of triggers. Implications are drawn for theory and practice.
Efficacy of Antibody Delivery to the Retina and Optic Nerve by Topical Administration

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether nonspecific and ICAM-1-specific IgG1 antibodies can accumulate in the rat retina following topical application, and to develop a model system to show that antibodies that reach the posterior segment retain their pharmacological properties. Methods: Eye drops containing mouse IgG1 or anti-ICAM-1 and the permeation enhancer saponin were topically applied to the eyes of Lewis rats. Concentrations were determined in the retina and optic nerve up to 30 min later using ELISA assays. We also developed an in vitro model to assess the pharmacologic activity of topically delivered antibodies in the retina based on the requirement of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for growth. Rat eyes were treated with anti-VEGF antibody in the same manner as above; their retinas, harvested shortly thereafter, were added to HUVECs cultured in VEGF-containing media. The effect of these retinal homogenate...
SERUM TRANSAMIDINASE IN RENAL DISEASE.

SummaryTransamidinase was determined in sera of rats, both normal and with experimental nephropathy. Little or no enzyme activity could be detected in normal sera whereas those from rats with renal lesions showed profound and sustained increases in enzyme activity. Transamidinase was found in human kidney in significant concentration. In a preliminary study of transamidinase activity in the sera of humans with renal disease similar results were obtained indicating the potential value of transamidinase determination in diagnosis and evaluation of renal disease.
Ignition dynamics of nitramine composite propellants under CO2 laserheating

The ignition dynamics of a series of RDX-based nitramine propellants was investigated by using a high-powered C02 laser ignition system. Interactions between infrared laser beam and nitramine composite propellants revealed a number of interesting processes. Information obtained can be used for validation of models developed for radiative ignition of composite propellants. In general, the delay time based upon the Onset of light emission decreases monotonically with the increase of incident laser energy flux. The slope was found to be affected by the oxygen concentration in the ambient gas . This effect is prominent when the sample contains volatile energetic plasticizer. The effects of oxygen concentration are more pronounced in the gas-phase ignition of nitramine propellants than in conventional AP-based composite propellants. The flame Structures of nitramine propellants depend strongly upon the ambient gas conditions. As ambient oxygen concentration is increased, the flame moves closer to the sample surface; this implies that gas-phase reaction with ambient oxygen plays an important role in the initial phase of laser ignition of nitrarnine propellants. -
Social Media Analytics: Wie die Ausrichtung an den Unternehmenszielen gelingt

In sozialen Medien wie z. B. Facebook oder Twitter existieren grose Mengen an bisher teils ungenutzten, geschaftsrelevanten Daten. Die meisten Unternehmen haben dies erkannt und wenden verschiedene Ansatze aus dem Bereich der Social Media Analytics (SMA) an, um derartige Daten zu identifizieren und fur ihr Geschaftsmodell nutzbar zu machen. Entgegen dem ihr beigemessenen hohen Stellenwert wird die Steuerung von SMA jedoch haufig den IT-Abteilungen uberlassen, welche die Anwendung von SMA nicht immer ausreichend an den Unternehmenszielen ausrichten, sondern sich zu sehr auf rein technische Fragestellungen der SMA-Implementierung fokussieren. Dies fuhrt dazu, dass eher auf eine effiziente Datensammlung und -speicherung abgezielt wird, als darauf, welche Daten benotigt und wie diese im Sinne des Geschaftsmodells verwendet werden. Konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen dafur, wie die Ausrichtung von SMA an den Unternehmenszielen gelingen kann, gibt es bisher nicht. Dieser Beitrag stellt deshalb ein existierendes Framework vor, mit dessen Hilfe die Ausrichtung der SMA an den Unternehmenszielen gelingen soll. Ziel des Beitrages ist es insbesondere, die Anwendung des Frameworks in der Praxis zu erleichtern. Zu diesem Zweck wird das Framework in Hinblick auf seine Einsetzbarkeit in der Praxis angepasst, ein anschauliches Fallbeispiel aufgezeigt sowie eine Evaluation des Ansatzes in Experteninterviews durchgefuhrt.
Order and Disorder

Order and disorder in the storytelling can have a significant impact on how a reader receives, comprehends, and interprets a story. In the most orderly narration, the unfolding of time in the story may appear to be quite natural, and its analogy with ‘clock time’ or ‘calendar time’ gives it a good claim to be normative. However, in casual oral storytelling, people often loop back or flash forward to introduce salient information. A certain degree of disorderliness (as in, ‘by the way, this had happened earlier,’ or, ‘did I forget to tell you that …’) is also natural and normative. Purely chronological narration may be less ‘natural’ than it looks at first. Few people would argue that extremely disorderly narration proves more challenging to follow, and experimental writers have often exploited disorder (at the end of this chapter, I describe an influential case of such an experiment, William Faulkner’s ‘A Rose for Emily’). Some kinds of disorder, however, are quite conventional and even traditional, as in the in medias res opening of classical epic, as described by Horace. While modernist fiction often exploits the effects of disorder, the Bildungsroman and fictional autobiography typically follow a chronological pattern.
Scarcity and control : The new extraction and Canada's mineral resource protection network

In what follows I draw from a variegated set of texts to explore and explain Canada’s new concerted effort to protect and promote Canadian extractives abroad. I integrate Immanuel Wallerstein’s concept of “protection networks” with Michael Klare’s recent writing on resource scarcity and my previous work on junior mining companies to illuminate the behavior of the Canadian state. This chapter, therefore, underscores previous calls for greater recognition of state governance in commodity chain analyses and makes the case for greater attention to states, commodity chains and global governance in the work around the new extraction in Latin America. In the first section below I recapitulate the concept of protection network in relation to the commodity chains literature, making the case that this concept helps address some of the deficiencies of the commodity chain analytic frame. In the second section I turn to discourses of resource scarcity and the proliferation of junior mining companies argue that scarcity-driven inefficiencies in the mining sector call for increased state intervention, of which the Canadian state is emblematic. In the third section I draw from a review of grey literature and journalistic accounts to reconstruct the landscape and chronology of Canadian state intervention in Canadian mining in Latin America. I delineate, in this section, in empirical detail, the features of the Canadian state’s mineral protection network, demonstrating its novelty and its breadth. Finally, I explore the significance of Canada’s mineral protection network as a feature of the new extraction and conclude the chapter by looking forward to new directions for related analysis.
193. Establishment of an Optimization Procedure for Large-Scale Production of Patient-Specific Cardiomyocytes from hiPSCs

Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), with their ability of indefinite self-renewal and capability to differentiate into all three germ layers, provide a powerful tool in developmental biology, for drug screening, disease modeling, and potentially cell replacement therapy for diseases, such as myocardial infarction and heart failure. Unlike hESCs, hiPSCs are generated from reprogrammed somatic cells without using of human embryos and thus hold a great promise for cell-based therapy as they avoid ethical and immune rejection issues. However, due to scalability limitation of current hiPSC adherent culture platform and potential variation of culture and differentiation conditions among hiPSC lines, production of hiPSC-derived cells to a scale sufficient for therapeutic application in a timely manner has been challenging. Previously we have developed a scalable, defined, and cGMP-compliant suspension culture system for hPSC expansion and cardiac differentiation using spinner flasks by optimizing critical culture parameters we identified. In the present study, we tested the feasibility of applying our suspension culture platform and optimization strategy to establish a process for scale-up production of cardiomyocytes (CM) from individual hiPSC lines in a timely manner. We optimized cell seeding density, agitation rate, concentration of differentiation inducer, and timing for differentiation induction to determine an optimal condition for large-scale CM production. The process from suspension adaptation, differentiation optimization to CM production was accomplished in 3 months. With optimized culture and differentiation conditions, we showed that the hiPSC suspension culture can be serially passaged and expanded, and maintained normal karyotype. At a scale of 500mL suspension culture, 4-5×108 cells with 70-90% CM purity were manufactured. In summary, we demonstrated the feasibility of applying the suspension culture platform and optimization strategy we developed to establish a production process for individual hiPSC line to manufacture CM in a large scale in a timely manner.
Geographies of Discourse

You can study language in a lot of ways and one of the pleasures of spending a lifetime being a linguist is that you can move around into different points of view on language without ever having to leave the field. For many linguists the study of language starts with the idea that language is an abstract semiotic system for encoding meaning in speech and in texts.
Environmental Vulnerability and Resilience Potential

Undocumented immigrants are vulnerable (physically and psychologically) due to both individual and social circumstances. From the moment they decide to leave their territory and cross the border to the United States, the fear of being captured and deported or even dying is very real. Once they begin their lives in the United States, following their often-difficult initial journey, they remain under constant threat from multiple sources.
Nonlinear optical detections of structural distortions at degraded Fe-doped SrTiO3 interfaces

Abstract We investigate structural deformations at the interfaces of degraded Fe-doped SrTiO3 (Fe:STO) single crystals in both oxidized and reduced forms by using optical second harmonic generation (SHG) with the implementation of Raman spectroscopy in reflection geometry. SHG spectra were acquired from three different regions, namely, central, inner, and outer, across the interfaces. Structural inhomogeneity was verified across the sample interfaces by variations in SHG intensity. The SHG intensity decreased when moving towards the inner region of the degraded reduced anode, and the intensity increased as moving towards the central region of the degraded oxidized anode. These observations are associated with the formation of centrosymmetric Fe4+:Ti4+-O6 octahedral structures and non-centrosymmetric Jahn-Teller distortions in the inner region of the reduced anode and the central region of the oxidized anode, respectively. These results are consistent with Raman measurements taken from the anode interfaces of both crystals, which verify concentration changes of Fe4+ and octahedral distortions across the probed regions. The accumulation of oxygen vacancies is identified across the cathode interfaces of both crystals. These structural distortions and Fe4+ concentration changes are well correlated with the migration of oxygen ions and vacancies.
Melt layer erosion during ELM-like heat loading on molybdenum as an alternative plasma-facing material.

Transient events that occur during plasma instabilities in fusion reactors impart large heat fluxes onto the surrounding plasma-facing components (PFCs). Erosion and splashing of PFCs can contaminate the plasma and shorten material lifetime. Although tungsten is currently considered the most promising candidate material for future PFCs, concerns over the thermal shock performance during type-I ELMs (transient events expected in fusion devices) necessitate the study of other comparable materials. ELM-like heat loading was applied via a pulsed Nd:YAG millisecond laser on a pristine molybdenum (Mo) surface to measure surface melting and mass loss. One potential advantage of Mo is its higher specific heat of vaporization, which could lead to reduced particle emission. Imaging of the surface after loading revealed that complete surface melting began at 1.0 MJ m−2 (heat load parameter of 31.62 MJ m−2 s−1/2). Photon excitation also increased significantly above 1.0 MJ m−2, indicating possible phase change. At 1.4 MJ m−2 (44.27 MJ m−2 s−1/2), in situ mass loss measurements found an exponential increase in particle emission, indicating the presence of droplet formation and boiling. Direct comparisons of erosion during pulsed heat loading between PFC candidate materials will ensure that future fusion devices design components with optimal thermal strength.
A shift toward a high-fat diet in the current metabolic paradigm: A new perspective.

Abstract Objective Investigations into the relationship between dietary carbohydrate restriction and health are mixed. Current guidelines for nutrition promote low-fat foods and higher carbohydrate consumption for optimal health and weight loss. However, high-fat, low-carbohydrate diets are revealing both intra- and extracellular adaptations that have been shown to elicit favorable cardiometabolic changes associated with obesity. Moreover, dietary fat is associated with higher satiety levels from the hormones adiponectin, leptin, and cholecystokinin. Additionally, insulin responses from high-glycemic carbohydrates are known to alter these pathways, potentially leading to an increase in energy consumption and a possible mechanism for obesity. Conclusion There is convincing evidence of beneficial effects of controlled trials implementing high-fat, low-carbohydrate diets in both sedentary and obese individuals, but longer duration clinical trials are required to confirm this hypothesis.
Multicriteria Decision Analysis and Strategic Uncertainties

Coastal environments present a great variety of complex environmental problems that lack objectively “correct” answers due, in part, to significant uncertainties. Traditional planning and analytical tools are not well-suited to address these uncertainties. Scenario planning is suggested as a useful tool for addressing an uncertain future that can be bounded by identifying key drivers. This amounts to using multiple without condition scenarios instead of one. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) techniques can then be applied to evaluate all plans in each scenario.
Concern for mortality in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU): parent and physician perspectives.

The objectives of this study are as follows: (1) to determine the incidence of parental concern for mortality (PCM) and any potential predictors for it among parents of infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), and (2) to explore physicians’ perspectives with respect to PCM in the NICU and to examine current practices of addressing it. Separate questionnaires were distributed to members of the AAP Section on Perinatal–Neonatal Medicine District I and to NICU parents post discharge, to gather perspectives from each group. A χ2-analysis and linear regression were performed. Response rate was 29% for the physician survey and 63% for the parent survey. Physician respondents believed that PCM increased with decreasing gestational age (GA) and reported having fewer discussions with parents of older infants about PCM. Parental report of PCM incidence was 48% overall. PCM was not associated with GA. PCM was associated with infant length of stay and occurrence of at least one discussion about PCM with physicians. Fifty-three percent of parents reported never having a discussion regarding PCM. Although physicians believe that PCM increases with decreasing GA, parental report suggests that PCM is not associated with GA. Parents of full-term infants in particular may experience more PCM and desire for discussion than is currently recognized.
Reactive molecular dynamics simulation of the mechanical behavior of sodium aluminosilicate geopolymer and calcium silicate hydrate composites

Abstract This paper for the first time used reactive molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to study the mechanical behavior of geopolymer binder (GB) and calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) composites. Specifically, GB-CSH composites with different Ca/Si ratios for the CSH phase were constructed and their mechanical behavior in terms of ultimate tensile strength, fracture toughness and strain energy release rates were investigated. It was observed that the Ca/Si ratio of CSH greatly affects the mechanical response of the composite. Increasing the Ca/Si ratio from 1.2 to 1.65 created more disorder in the silica layers in CSH and decreased the mechanical properties of the composite. However, the completely glassy CSH at a Ca/Si ratio of 2.0 showed slight improvement of mechanical properties due to high three-dimensional (3D) tetrahedral network. A detailed analysis of bond evolution and bond angle distribution showed their direct correlation with the observed mechanical response. The failure of the GB-CSH composites were always governed by the breaking of Si O bonds within the CSH, near the GB-CSH interface. Low Ca/Si ratio structures showed more Si O bond breakage, while in high Ca/Si ratio structures, deformation mobilization was accompanied by significant change in bond angles within GB.
National Collecting Trends: Methods and Findings

The primary focus of collection evaluation and assessment has been the subjective judgment of the strengths and weaknesses of library collections. The process has generally been a local application, often utilizing peer group comparative data. Quantitative collection analysis to support the subjective processes of collection evaluation and assessment is now almost universally conducted through extraction of data from local systems or network databases. National collecting patterns can be studied through the use of data extracted from the bibliographic utilities. This article examines the use of data from the OCLC/AMIGOS Collection Analysis CD and standard statistical series as a methodology for studying national collecting patterns. Findings on national collecting patterns from 1986-1995 in academic libraries in the United States utilizing the methodology are presented. This article was presented at the ALA Library Research Round Table program, Washington, DC, June 28, 1998. The research was partially funded by a grant from the University of South Florida Research Council. The author would like to express appreciation to the administration and staff of AMIGOS for their support of the research through the CACD. Direct correspondence to Anna Perrault, School of Library and Information Science, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave. CIS 1040, Tampa, Florida 33620-7800.
Selective CO2 reduction to C3 and C4 oxyhydrocarbons on nickel phosphides at overpotentials as low as 10 mV

We introduce five nickel phosphide compounds as electro-catalysts for the reduction of carbon dioxide in aqueous solution, that achieve unprecedented selectivity to C3 and C4 products (the first such report). Three products: formic acid (C1), methylglyoxal (C3), and 2,3-furandiol (C4), are observed at potentials as low as +50 mV vs. RHE, and at the highest half-reaction energy efficiencies reported to date for any >C1 product (99%). The maximum selectivity for 2,3-furandiol is 71% (faradaic efficiency) at 0.00 V vs. RHE on Ni2P, which is equivalent to an overpotential of 10 mV, with the balance forming methylglyoxal, the proposed reaction intermediate. P content in the series correlates closely with both the total C products and product selectivity, establishing definitive structure–function relationships. We propose a reaction mechanism for the formation of multi-carbon products, involving hydride transfer as the potential-determining step to oxygen-bound intermediates. This unlocks a new and more energy-efficient reduction route that has only been previously observed in nickel-based enzymes. This performance contrasts with simple metallic catalysts that have poor selectivity between multi-carbon products, and which require high overpotentials (>700 mV) to achieve comparable reaction rates.
The Design Studio Approach

Leading institutions such as Pentagram and Stanford University’s D. School have adopted the Design Studio approach to cultivate innovation. The Design Studio approach encourages a structured method that relies on rapid, iterative brainstorming to harvest ideas. This chapter outlines one variation of the Design Studio approach and discusses the science behind the method’s effectiveness in generating ideas.
Formation and Alkene Epoxidation by Higher-Valent Oxo-Metalloporphyrins

The mechanisms by which an “oxene equivalent” is transferred from an oxygen donor to metalloporphyrins to provide higher valent metallo-oxo porphyrins and the oxygenation reactions of the latter have been the subject of considerable attention. Interest in these reactions stem from their relevance to the biochemical reactions of peroxidases with alkyl hydroperoxides,1 catalases with hydrogen peroxides2 and the metabolic reactions catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 enzymes. The cytochrome P-450 enzymes catalyze, among other reactions, the epoxidation of alkenes.3 Studies on these heme containing monooxygenases reveal that one of the key steps during the reaction is the formation of an enzyme bound hypervalent iron-oxo porphyrin. From this, ensued investigations directed toward the elucidation of the mechanisms of formation and reactions of such species.
Laser Consolidation—A Rapid Manufacturing Process for Making Net-Shape Functional Components

Abstract Laser consolidation is a novel computer-aided manufacturing process being developed by the National Research Council of Canada at its London facility (NRC-London). This rapid manufacturing process produces net-shape functional metallic parts layer by layer directly from a CAD model by using a laser beam to melt the injected powder and re-solidifying it on the substrate or previous layer. As an alternative to the conventional machining process, this novel manufacturing process builds net-shape functional parts or features on an existing part by adding instead of removing material. In this chapter, NRC-London's progress on laser consolidation research is reviewed. The functional properties of laser consolidated materials (including Ni-, Ti-, Co-, Al-alloys, stainless, and tool steels) are reported, while the observation of the unique microstructure of the laser consolidated materials is discussed. The examples of the laser consolidation process for making net-shape functional components for various industrial applications (such as a space robotic arm, sonar, tooling, gas turbines, and rocket engines) are presented.
Understanding How Non-Experts Collect and Annotate Activity Data

Training classifiers for human activity recognition systems often relies on large corpora of annotated sensor data. Crowd sourcing is one way to collect and annotate large amounts of sensor data. Crowd sourcing often depends on unskilled workers to collect and annotate the data. In this paper we explore machine learning of classifiers based on human activity data collected and annotated by non-experts. We consider the entire process starting from data collection through annotation including machine learning and ending with the final application implementation. We focus on three issues 1) can non-expert annotators overcome the technical challenges of data acquisition and annotation, 2) can they annotate reliably, and 3) to what extent might we expect their annotations to yield accurate and generalizable event classifiers. Our results suggest that non-expert users can collect video and data as well as produce annotations which are suitable for machine learning.
A multiscale model to study the enhancement in the compressive strength of multi-walled CNT sheet overwrapped carbon fiber composites

Abstract The high tensile strength of polymer matrix composites is derived primarily from the high strength of the carbon fibers embedded in the polymer matrix. However, their compressive strength is generally much lower due to the fact that under compression, the fibers tend to fail through micro-buckling well before compressive fracture occurs. In this work, we consider multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) sheets wrapped around carbon fiber at room temperature to improve fiber/matrix interfacial properties which, in turn, influences compressive strength of the composite. To investigate the effect of the wrapping of MWNT sheet on composite strength, Molecular Dynamics simulations were performed on an atomistic model of the interface region between the epoxy, carbon fiber and the scrolled MWNT sheets. The compressive strength of the unidirectional composite was computed using a novel hierarchical multi-scale model comprising of the rule of mixtures at the microscale, and the modified Argon’s formula for composites at the macroscale. Model predictions were benchmarked through comparison with experimental data for different volume fractions of MWNT sheet.
Detrusor contractility to parasympathetic mediators is differentially altered in the compensated and decompensated states of diabetic bladder dysfunction.

Diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD) affects up to 50% of all patients with diabetes, characterized by symptoms of both overactive and underactive bladder. Although most diabetic bladder dysfunction ...
Understanding the Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures.

ObjectiveThe minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) represents a threshold value of change in PROM score deemed to have an implication in clinic...
Wearable sensors for personal temperature exposure assessments: A comparative study

The impacts of heat on human health has sparked research on different approaches to measure, map, and predict heat exposure at more accurate and precise spatiotemporal scales. Personal heat sensor studies rely on small sensors that can continuously measure ambient temperatures as individuals move through time and space. The comparison between different types of sensors and sensor placements have yet to be fully researched. The objective of this study is to assess the validity of personal ambient temperature sensors. To accomplish this objective, we evaluated the performance of multiple low-cost wearable sensors (HOBOs, iButton Thermochrons, iButton Hygrochrons, and Kestrel DROP D3FW Fire) for measuring ambient temperature in a (1) field exposure study by varying the placement on human subjects and in a (2) field calibration study by co-locating sensors with fixed site weather station monitors. A secondary aim involved investigating consensus between validation metrics that can be used in future sensor comparison studies. Bland-Altman analysis, correlation coefficients, and index of agreement statistics were used to quantify the difference between sensor and weather station ambient temperature measurements. Results demonstrated significant differences in measured temperatures for sensors based on sensor type and placement on participants. Future research should account for the differences in personal ambient temperature readings based on sensor type and placement.
Transumbilical Breast Augmentation

Transumbilical breast augmentation (TUBA) was started in 1991 and reported in 1993. The author discusses the technique and complications. Complications with tumescent TUBA are rare. The Shumway TUBA technique and method has proven to be a safe, effective, and reproducible option for experienced surgeons who desire breast augmentation for their patients without breast scars
Multicomponent adsorptive separation of CO2, CO, CH4, N2, and H2 over core-shell zeolite-5A@MOF-74 composite adsorbents

Abstract With the aim of developing more efficient H2 purification adsorbents, we demonstrated the application of novel hybrid nanocomposites comprising of zeolite 5A and MOF-74 with core-shell structure in purification of H2 from SMR off-gas streams, in the first part of this investigation [14]. Through equilibrium adsorption measurements, it was shown that zeolite-5A@MOF-74 with weight ratio of 5:95 exhibited 20–30% increase in CO2, CO, CH4, and N2 uptake than the bare MOF, as a result of its higher surface area and pore volume. In this work, dynamic adsorption performance of zeolite-5A@MOF-74 in H2 purification process was evaluated through binary and multicomponent breakthrough measurements at various pressures. Moreover, high-pressure adsorption isotherms (up to 20 bar) were used to estimate the theoretical selectivity values for (CO2+CO+CH4)/H2 for comparison with actual selectivities estimated from breakthrough profiles. At 20 bar and room temperature, the composite exhibited equilibrium capacities of 13.8, 8.0, 7.7, and 6.7 mmol/g for CO2, CO, CH4, and H2, respectively which were higher than those of the parent adsorbents. Moreover, multicomponent breakthrough results showed that the selectivity for (CO2 + CO + CH4)/H2 over the composite adsorbent is higher than that over the parent MOF-74 and zeolite 5A materials across all pressures. The total mass transfer coefficients estimated from breakthrough simulations ranged from 6.22 × 10−2, 4.73 × 10−2, and 3.29 × 10−2 s−1 for H2 to 9.23 × 10−5, 7.6 × 10−5, and 6.61 × 10−5 s−1 for CO2, for zeolite-5A@MOF-74, MOF-74, and zeolite 5A, respectively at 1 bar, with the coefficients slightly decreasing as total pressure increased to 15 bar.
Chapter 5 – Probability Representations

Publisher Summary This chapter presents probability representations. The debate about what probability is and about how probabilities should be calculated is unresolved. Nonetheless few disagreements exist about the mathematical properties of numerical probability. It is accepted that probabilities are numbers between 0 and 1 and that they are attached to entities called events. Events in a given context are subsets—although not necessarily all subsets—of a set known as a sample space. Sample spaces represent all possible observations that one might make in particular situations. Most work in the theory of probability requires the important defined notion of conditional probability. There are cases where an ordering of conditional probability satisfies the multiplicative property but does not satisfy the additive property.
Comparison of decay rates between native and non-native wood species in invaded forests of the southeastern U.S.: a rapid assessment

Invasive plants have the potential to affect decomposition both directly, by introducing novel substrates that may differ from native species in key structural or chemical properties, and indirectly through changes to soil properties and microbial communities. The relative importance of these two mechanisms is unclear, especially with regard to wood decomposition. To explore these questions, we used a novel method to rapidly assess the wood decay rates of 11 native and 11 invasive non-native angiosperm species. The study was repeated at three pairs of sites, each consisting of an invaded and a relatively uninvaded forest. The invaded sites had either been colonized by a non-native grass (Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus), a non-native woody shrub (Ligustrum sinense Lour.) or by multiple invasive species. After one year in the field, mass loss varied more than two-fold among the 22 wood species (24.2–52.3%). Wood origin (i.e., native or non-native) was only important at the Microstegium sites, with non-native species decomposing marginally faster than native species. Wood decomposed faster at both the Ligustrum-invaded and multiply-invaded sites than in their respective uninvaded sites but there were no differences between sites invaded or not by Microstegium. We detected positive relationships overall between mass loss and pH, K, P and NO3−, but invasion had no consistent effects on these soil properties. The results from this study show that the differences in wood decay rates between native and non-native species and the effects of invasion are highly idiosyncratic, with effects depending greatly on species and ecological context.
Investigating the Clinical Significance and Research Discrepancies of Balance Training in Degenerative Cerebellar Disease: A Systematic Review.

Objective The aims of this study were to understand the clinical significance of balance training in degenerative cerebellar disease and to analyze inconsistencies among published data. Design Five databases were searched from inception to October 8, 2019. Cochrane guidelines informed review methods, and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. The Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Evidence Hierarchy, PEDro scale, and Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools were used to evaluate methodological quality. Outcome measures examined included ataxia severity, gait speed, and balance. Results Fourteen articles were identified that met inclusion criteria. The quality of evidence was moderate to high, with recent articles being of higher quality. Nine of 12 articles showed statistical improvements in ataxia severity (reduction ranging from 1.4 to 2.8 in the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia points), three of eight showed statistical improvements in gait speed (average increase of 0.1 m/sec), and six of nine showed improvements in balance measures (average increase of 1.75 in Berg Balance Scale and 1.5 in Dynamic Gait Index). Conclusion Most studies showed statistical and clinically significant ataxia severity improvements in subjects who performed balance training. The amount of balance challenge and frequency of training were important factors in determining the extent of training benefit. Gait speed may also improve if walking exercises are included in the balance training, but more studies need to be conducted. Balance measures statistically improved with training, but these improvements did not meet criteria for clinical significance. To claim cme credits Complete the self-assessment activity and evaluation online at http://www.physiatry.org/JournalCME CME OBJECTIVES: Upon completion of this article, the reader should be able to: (1) Describe the cause(s) of discrepancies in the literature regarding the benefits of balance training in degenerative cerebellar disease; (2) Determine if benefits from balance training are clinically meaningful for individuals with cerebellar degeneration; and (3) Understand the best practices gleaned from the current literature regarding balance training for these diseases. Level Advanced ACCREDITATION: The Association of Academic Physiatrists is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians.The Association of Academic Physiatrists designates this Journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
Using a Crossline Laser to Predict Peak Plantar Pressure During Walking.

Context Developing low-cost assessment tools to quantify ankle biomechanics in a clinical setting may improve rehabilitation for patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Objective To determine whether a crossline laser can predict peak plantar pressure during walking. Design Descriptive laboratory study. Setting Laboratory. Patients or other participants Twenty-five participants with CAI (9 men, 16 women; age = 20.8 ± 2.3 years, height = 170.4 ± 10.4 cm, mass = 78.9 ± 22.4 kg). Intervention(s) Participants completed 30 seconds of treadmill walking with a crossline laser fixed to their shoe while, simultaneously, a video camera recorded the laser projection on the wall and an in-shoe plantar-pressure system measured plantar pressure. Main outcome measure(s) Peak laser rotation and peak plantar pressure of the lateral midfoot and forefoot. Results With respect to peak plantar pressure, peak rotation of the laser during walking explained 57% of the variance in the lateral midfoot and 64% in the lateral forefoot. Conclusions The crossline laser may be a valuable clinical tool for predicting lateral peak plantar pressure in patients with CAI during walking.
National Trend in utilization of pulmonary ventilation-perfusion scan in the United States 1993 - 2015

1482 Objectives: Pulmonary ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan was the first noninvasive procedure for diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE), introduced in 1964. Over time, pulmonary CT angiography (CTPA) has become the imaging modality of choice in imaging algorithm of suspected PE. Currently pulmonary V/Q scan is mainly performed in patients with contraindication for CTPA. This is the first study to depict the national trends in utilization of pulmonary V/Q scan in the United States from 1993 to 2015. Methods: The utilization of pulmonary V/Q scan in inpatient setting (1993- 2015) and in the emergency department (2006- 2014) were modeled over time. Data were obtained from the United States healthcare cost and utilization project (HCUPnet) databases. Inpatient discharge-level encounters and emergency department visits with pulmonary V/Q scan as one of the performed procedures were included. Total encounters, and adjusted rate of discharges/visits per 100,000 persons were used as the statistical metrics. Results: There is significant decrease in pulmonary V/Q scan utilization in an inpatient setting from 126,182 encounters in 1993 to 11,165 encounters in 2014 (Adjusted rate per 100,000 persons: 48.5 in 1993 to 3.0 in 2015). Trend analysis showed an estimated annual percentage change of - 9.9% (1993- 1998), - 22.4% (1998- 2002) and - 8.7% (2002-2015) in pulmonary V/Q scan utilization rate. Similar trend in pulmonary V/Q scan utilization was observed in the emergency department (2006- 2014), with 20,756 encounters in 2006 to 13,999 encounters in 2014, and respective adjusted rate of 7.0 and 4.4 visits per 100,000 persons in 2006 and 2014. Trend analysis showed an estimated annual percentage change of - 8.5% in utilization rate (2006- 2014). Conclusions: Pulmonary V/Q scan utilization has significantly decreased over the past two decades (1993- 2015) with the sharpest decline in utilization rate between 1998- 2002.
Towards an Adaptive and Attack-Resilient Communication Infrastructures for Smart Grids

Increased Distributed Energy Resource (DER) penetrations are causing a shift in the electricity system operations paradigm. Therefore, it is indispensable to enhance the current data acquisition systems and communications infrastructures to improve the economic efficiency and reliability of power systems. Since dedicated communications investments are capital cost prohibitive, in our work we leverage the existing communication solutions for Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) and Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) and exploit real-time communications middleware technologies to develop an attack-resilient LTE/WiFi-based communication infrastructure. In our communication infrastructure, we propose an intelligent communication middleware architecture that utilizes the Quality of Experience (QoE) of operators of the power system to complement the traditional Quality of Service (QoS) evaluation. Furthermore, our communication infrastructure enhances IEC62351 security standard by employing deep learning techniques to detect and defend against potential cyber attacks including False Data Injection (FDI). The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed middleware-based communication infrastructure.
Early developmental, behavioral, and quality of life outcomes following abusive head trauma in infants.

Abstract Background Developmental delays following pediatric abusive head trauma are common. Objective To assess early developmental, behavioral, and quality of life outcomes following infant abusive head trauma and evaluate injury severity and early therapeutic intervention as potential predictors. Participants and setting Infants under 12 months old who were admitted to a large pediatric hospital with abusive head trauma between October 2010 and October 2017 and followed at a multidisciplinary post-injury clinic were included. Methods Injury severity groups were classified based on days in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Participation in early intervention services and/or physical or occupational therapy by the first clinic visit was documented. Development was assessed using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning, which 47 patients completed at approximately 6 month intervals up to 3 years of age (an average of 19 months post-injury). Behavior and quality of life were assessed around age 2 using the Child Behavior Checklist (n = 24) and PedsQL™ (n = 27), respectively. Results Overall cognitive development, fine motor function, and expressive language significantly declined with age up to 3 years (p 0.05). Conclusions Long-term comprehensive follow-up is recommended for children following abusive head trauma, as developmental delays and behavioral problems may present at later ages.
Deep Convolutional Networks for Construction Object Detection Under Different Visual Conditions

Sensing and reality capture devices are widely used in construction sites. Among different technologies, vision-based sensors are by far the most common and ubiquitous. A large volume of images and videos is collected from construction projects every day to track work progress, measure productivity, litigate claims, and monitor safety compliance. Manual interpretation of such colossal amounts of data, however, is non-trivial, error-prone, and resource-intensive. This has motivated new research on soft computing methods that utilize high-power data processing, computer vision, and deep learning (DL) in the form of convolutional neural networks (CNN). A fundamental step toward machine-driven interpretation of construction site scenery is to accurately identify objects of interest for a particular problem. The accuracy requirement, however, may offset the computational speed of the candidate method. While light-weight DL algorithms (e.g., Mask R-CNN) can perform visual recognition with relatively high accuracy, they suffer from low processing efficacy which hinders their use in real-time decision-making. One of the most promising DL algorithms that balance speed and accuracy is YOLO (you-only-look-once). This paper investigates YOLO-based CNN models in fast detection of construction objects. First, a large-scale image dataset, named Pictor-v2, is created which contains about 3,500 images and approximately 11,500 instances of common construction site objects (e.g., building, equipment, worker). To assess the agility of object detection, transfer learning is used to train two variations of this model, namely YOLO-v2 and YOLO-v3, and test them on different data combinations (crowdsourced, web-mined, or both). Results indicate that performance is higher if the model is trained on both crowdsourced and web-mined images. Additionally, YOLO-v3 outperforms YOLO-v2 by focusing on smaller, harder-to-detect objects. The best performing YOLO-v3 model has a 78.2% mAP when tested on crowdsourced data. Sensitivity analysis of the output shows that the model’s strong suit is in detecting larger objects in less crowded and well-lit spaces. The proposed methodology can be also extended to predict the relative distance of the detected objects with reliable accuracy. Findings of this work lay the foundation for further research on technology-assistive systems to augment human capacities in quickly and reliably interpreting visual data in complex environments.
Tired of Being Ignored: Fatigue as a Presenting Symptom in Primary Hyperparathyroidism.

Abstract Background Fatigue is a common presenting symptom in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Although fatigue alone is not currently an indication for parathyroidectomy, it can have a significant detrimental effect on quality of life. The purpose of this study was to determine if there are underlying differences in demographic or disease characteristics in patients with PHPT who present with fatigue compared with those who do not. Methods We reviewed a prospective database of 2197 patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for PHPT by three endocrine surgeons from 2001 to 2019. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of fatigue as a presenting symptom. Objective measures of disease severity were then compared between groups. Results A total of 1379 (63%) patients presented with fatigue. Patients presenting with fatigue were more likely to be female and to have a prior fracture, lower preoperative serum calcium (Ca), and normocalcemic PHPT. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in age, body mass index, history of nephrolithiasis, or preoperative serum parathyroid hormone levels. Patients presenting with fatigue were also more likely to have smaller parathyroid glands and multiglandular disease. No statistically significant differences were detected in postoperative serum Ca and parathyroid hormone levels, or cure or recurrence rates. Conclusions Patients with PHPT who report fatigue as a presenting symptom present with more complex disease as manifested by a higher incidence of multiglandular disease and normocalcemic PHPT. Despite this, surgical cure is equivalent to other patients. Therefore, fatigue should be a discrete indication for parathyroidectomy in PHPT.
“Hay que Cantar con Ternura”: Baladas Románticas as a Site for Translingual Youth Convivencia:

For many Mexican-origin bi/multilingual children, Mexican music education begins early in their home. Music is inextricably linked with the sociocultural context in which it is produced, consumed, ...