cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A longitudinal study of maternal messages about dating and sexuality and their influence on Latino adolescents.

Abstract Purpose: To learn more about the nature of mother-adolescent discussions about sexuality and their influence on adolescents’ behaviors and attitudes in Latino families. Methods: Fifty-five Latino mothers and their midadolescent children (35 girls, 20 boys, mean age 13 years) were observed talking about dating and sexuality. The videotaped conversations were coded for the prevalence of five maternal message types: beliefs and values, advice, cautionary messages, comments about the adolescents’ everyday experiences, and maternal self-disclosure about her own dating and sexuality experiences. A structural equation model was used to examined how time spent on the various message types was related to three adolescent-related outcomes collected about 1 year later: sexual behavior, attitudes toward premarital sex, and reports of openness in the mother-child relationship. Results: Latino mothers focused the conversation on their personal beliefs and values about dating and sexuality. Discussions about beliefs and values were accompanied by more parental advice and cautionary messages. More maternal self-disclosure about personal dating and sexuality experiences was related to the adolescents’ reporting a better functioning relationship with their mothers and having more conservative attitudes toward premarital sex. Sexuality communication was both positively and negatively related to adolescent sexual behavior, but the messages were not the same. Conclusions: Maternal communication in Latino families influences adolescents’ behaviors and attitudes toward sex and adolescents’ perceptions of openness in the mother-child relationship. Observational methods are useful for studying the complexity of the communication process and for studying participants from ethnic minority populations who may be unfamiliar with or uncomfortable filling out questionnaires.
Comparison of 3 data collection methods for gathering sensitive and less sensitive information

OBJECTIVE: When gathering sensitive information about personal experiences such as child abuse, drug and alcohol use, and intimate partner violence (IPV), it is especially important for both research and clinical purposes to use optimal methods to limit socially desirable responses. The purpose of this paper is to determine which of the following 3 methods is optimal for gathering data: 1) face-to-face interviews, 2) self-administered paper and pencil questionnaires, or 3) audio computer-assisted self-interviews (ACASI). METHODS: The sample consisted of 514 parents bringing their preschoolers (0-5 years) to a pediatric primary care clinic for a checkup. The parent screening questionnaire (PSQ) addressing psychosocial problems was completed by participants themselves. Participants completed the PSQ in 1 of 3 ways: paper and pencil, face-to-face interview, or directly onto a computer (ACASI). RESULTS: In general, ACASI yielded the highest rates for sensitive problems such as social isolation and parental stress, with face-to-face interviews occupying an intermediate position. The differences between ACASI and self-administered paper and pencil questionnaires were significant for many items. The differences between ACASI and face-to-face interviews, however, were modest. There were no significant group differences among the 3 methods in the prevalence rates of the neutral, less sensitive items. CONCLUSION: ACASI resulted in greater disclosure of sensitive information than did a paper and pencil approach. No significant differences were observed between the computer-assisted interview and the face-to-face interview, both done in a research setting. The 3 methods appeared similar when gathering less sensitive data. Language: en
DeFer: deferred decision making enabled fixed-outline floorplanner

In this paper, we present DeFer - a fast, high-quality and non-stochastic fixed-outline floorplanning algorithm. DeFer generates a non-slicing floorplan by compacting a slicing floorplan. To find a good slicing floorplan, instead of searching through numerous slicing trees by simulated annealing as in traditional approaches, DeFer considers only one single slicing tree. However, we generalize the notion of slicing tree based on the principle of deferred decision making (DDM). When two subfloorplans are combined at each node of the generalized slicing tree, DeFer does not specify their orientations, the left-right/top-bottom order between them, and the slice line direction. DeFer even does not specify the slicing tree structures for small subfloorplans. In other words, we are deferring the decisions on these factors, which are specified arbitrarily at an early step in traditional approaches. Because of DDM, one slicing tree actually corresponds to a huge number of slicing floorplan solutions, all of which are efficiently kept in one single shape curve. With the final shape curve, it is straightforward to choose a good floorplan fitting into the fixed outline. Several techniques are also proposed to further optimize the wirelength. Experimental results on benchmarks with only hard blocks and with both hard and soft blocks show that DeFer achieves the best success rate, the best wirelength and the best runtime on average compared with other state-of-the-art floorplanners.
A 65nm CMOS, ring-oscillator based, high accuracy Digital Phase Lock Loop for USB2.0

A high accuracy, ring-oscillator based Digital Phase Lock Loop (DPLL), suitable for USB2.0 application, is presented here. The Digitally Controlled Oscillator (DCO) of the DPLL consists of a current mode Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) combined with a Current Controlled Oscillator (ICO). Sigma- Delta (ΣΔ) dithering is used on the DAC for improved frequency accuracy. To reduce noise due to ΣΔ dithering and to allow for passive filtering of this noise, the ΣΔ section of the DAC is limited to a small range. This range, however, is not sufficient to account for frequency drifts due to temperature: a novel temperature compensation scheme is used for this purpose. The DPLL is built in 65nm technology, and provides a 480MHz output, with a phase noise of −103.5dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset, and a frequency accuracy of +/-100ppm. It supports a list of input frequencies: 13MHz, 12MHz, 19.2MHz, 24MHz and 48MHz, occupies a die area of 0.21 sq mm, and does not require external components.
Acquiring Interactional Competence in a Study Abroad Context: Japanese Language Learners’ Use of the Interactional Particle ne

This study examines the development of interactional competence () by English-speaking learners of Japanese as a foreign language (JFL) in a study abroad setting, as indexed by their use of the interactionally significant particle ' ne.' The analysis is based on a comparison of (a) 6 sets of conversations between JFL learners and native Japanese peers during the first week of the study abroad program, and (b) 6 sets of conversations between the same pairs of speakers during the fifth week of the program. Although there is great variability in efficiency of interactional competence acquisition among JFL cohorts, JFL learners on the whole seem to have enhanced their interactional competence by using more ' ne' alignments. This study supports the argument that a study abroad program provides a valuable developmental experience that can accelerate JFL learners' acquisition of interactional competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
3-D microfabricated electrodes for targeted deep brain stimulation

This work presents a novel 4-sided, 16-channel deep brain stimulation electrode with a custom flexible high-density lead for connectivity with pulse generation electronics. The 3-dimensional electrode enables steering the current field circumferentially. The electrode is fabricated in pieces by micromachining and microfabrication techniques; the pieces are then assembled mechanically to form the electrode, after which the lead is connected. The electrode is modeled by finite element analysis and tested in vitro to validate the design concept, i.e., targeted stimulation. Simulation and experimental results for a targeted stimulation show close agreement. With a symmetric bipolar stimulation configuration, within a 3 mm radius, the electric potential in front of the activated side is at least 3.6 times larger than that on the corresponding two adjacent, not-activated sides, and 9 times larger than the corresponding opposite, not-activated side.
Efficient Nearest-Neighbor Search in the Probability Simplex

Document similarity tasks arise in many areas of information retrieval and natural language processing. A fundamental question when comparing documents is which representation to use. Topic models, which have served as versatile tools for exploratory data analysis and visualization, represent documents as probability distributions over latent topics. Systems comparing topic distributions thus use measures of probability divergence such as Kullback-Leibler, Jensen-Shannon, or Hellinger. This paper presents novel analysis and applications of the reduction of Hellinger divergence to Euclidean distance computations. This reduction allows us to exploit fast approximate nearest-neighbor (NN) techniques, such as locality-sensitive hashing (LSH) and approximate search in k-d trees, for search in the probability simplex. We demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of this approach on two tasks using latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) document representations: discovering relationships between National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants and prior-art retrieval for patents. Evaluation on these tasks and on synthetic data shows that both Euclidean LSH and approximate k-d tree search perform well when a single nearest neighbor must be found. When a larger set of similar documents is to be retrieved, the k-d tree approach is more effective and efficient.
Regulation of Microtubule Dynamics by Bim1 and Bik1, the Budding Yeast Members of the EB1 and CLIP-170 Families of Plus-End Tracking Proteins

Microtubule dynamics are regulated by plus-end tracking proteins (+TIPs), which bind microtubule ends and influence their polymerization properties. In addition to binding microtubules, most +TIPs physically associate with other +TIPs, creating a complex web of interactions. To fully understand how +TIPs regulate microtubule dynamics, it is essential to know the intrinsic biochemical activities of each +TIP and how +TIP interactions affect these activities. Here, we describe the activities of Bim1 and Bik1, two +TIP proteins from budding yeast and members of the EB1 and CLIP-170 families, respectively. We find that purified Bim1 and Bik1 form homodimers that interact with each other to form a tetramer. Bim1 binds along the microtubule lattice but with highest affinity for the microtubule end; however, Bik1 requires Bim1 for localization to the microtubule lattice and end. In vitro microtubule polymerization assays show that Bim1 promotes microtubule assembly, primarily by decreasing the frequency of catastrophes. In contrast, Bik1 inhibits microtubule assembly by slowing growth and, consequently, promoting catastrophes. Interestingly, the Bim1-Bik1 complex affects microtubule dynamics in much the same way as Bim1 alone. These studies reveal new activities for EB1 and CLIP-170 family members and demonstrate how interactions between two +TIP proteins influence their activities.
Evaluating Education Reforms

This symposium features four studies of education reforms and their impact on enrollment and learning. Three are part of a research project funded by the World Bank's Development Research Group and...
Some general comments on the evolution and design of animal communication systems

Animal communication systems have evolved so that individuals can make decisions based upon the behaviour, physiology or morphology of others. Receiving mechanisms probably evolve to increase the efficiency and reliability of information reception whereas signals probably evolve to increase the efficiency of communication and reliability of manipulation of the receiving individual to the benefit of the emitter. The minimum requirement for clear reception suggests that any study of the evolution and design of communication systems must consider the factors that affect the quality of the received and processed signal. Critical information is needed about how the signal is generated and emitted, how it fares during transmission through air, water or substrate, how it is received and processed by the receiver's sensory and cognitive systems, and the factors which affect the fitness consequences of alternative ways of reacting to the information contained in the signal. These should allow predictions about the kinds and forms of signals used by animals signalling under known conditions. Phylogenetic history, and the geological time a clade spends in different signalling environments, will also affect signal evolution, and hence the success of predictions about signal design. We need to use methods of many different biological fields to understand the design and evolution of signals and signalling systems.
Publication In Leading Management Journals as a Measure of Institutional Research Productivity

The article deals with a study demonstrating the effects of separately analyzing management journals whose primary audience is management practitioners and those whose primary audience is academics...
OIV-B-3

BACKGROUND/AIMS N-Desmethyltamoxifen (NDM), a primary metabolite of tamoxifen, is hydroxylated by CYP2D6 to yield endoxifen, a potent antiestrogen. We hypothesized that endoxifen plasma concentration and the endoxifen/NDM plasma ratio reflect CYP2D6 activity and are associated with CYP2D6 genotype. METHODS We genotyped for 29 CYP2D6 alleles and determined plasma concentration of tamoxifen and its metabolites in 158 breast cancer patients after four months of tamoxifen therapy. RESULTS Using a mixture model approach, endoxifen plasma concentration identified two phenotypic groups, while four were defined by the endoxifen/NDM plasma ratio. All of the PM/PM, 83% of IM/PM and 75% of IM/IM genotypes belonged to the first endoxifen group, while 67% of EM/EM and 86% of UM/EM genotypes were part of the second phenotypic group. Three distinct genotype groups were identified in the distribution of endoxifen/NDM ratio: 1) low ratios composed of subjects lacking any functional allele; 2) intermediate ratios represented by subjects with one active allele; 3) high ratios composed of subjects with ≥2 functional alleles. Endoxifen/NDM plasma ratio was significantly different between groups. CONCLUSIONS CYP2D6 genotype is highly associated with endoxifen plasma concentration and endoxifen/NDM plasma ratio. The endoxifen plasma concentration may be useful as a point of care test to optimize tamoxifen treatment. This approach may be valuable in the study of other complex genotype-phenotype relationships. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2005) 79, P34–P34; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2005.12.120
Note on Authoritarianism and Critical Thinking Ability

Since authoritarianism was found to correlate negatively with intelligence (Jacobson & Rettig, 1959), workers have sought the relationship of authoritarianism/dogmatism to other cognitive functions. Significant negative correlations have been found between authorirarianism/dogrnatism and success in deferring judgments (seflective thinking) and solving multi-factor problems (Kemp, 1960; Long & Ziller, 1965). Restle, Andrews, and Rokeach (1964) confirmed superior oddity-problem ability (identifying the odd member of three stimuli) for open-minded Ss. Mouw (1969) found open-minded Ss better than close-minded Ss at solving more complex or more autonomous tasks. Mouw's findings supported Rokeach's notion (1960) that close-minded Ss tend to rely more on authority for direction and support than do open-minded Ss. A more thorough examination of the relationship between the critical thinking-analytic aspect and authoritarianism appears warranted. In August, 1969, as part of a continuing investigation into the interaction of authoritarianism, political preference, and cognitive functioning, 128 high school students responded to the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal Form YM (W-G) and a 28item version of the California F scale. Recent evidence (Altemeyer, 1969) supports the reliability of the F scale; but ar a precaution item reversal was employed. The W-G yields a total score plus sub-scores of Inference ( I ) , Recognition of Assumptions (RA), Deduction ( D ) , Interpretation (of Arguments) ( IA) , and Evaluation of Arguments (EA) . 120 Ss adequately completed instruments. Raw total and sub-scores were converted to deviation scores with M = 50 and u = 10; then Pearson ss were computed between authoritarianism and W-G scores and sub-scores. A negatlve p. of m.322 ( p < .01) was found between authoritarianism and total W-G scores Pearsonian rs with W-G sub-scores were: I, -.I91 ( p < .05); RA, -.063; D, -.221 (# < .O5); IA, -.315 ( p < .01); and EA, -.I82 ( p < .05), It appears that authoritarianism most affects skill at Interpretation of Arguments (determining whether conclusions logically follow from given information) and least affects the ability to recognize assumptions inherent in predictive or prescriptive statemem.
Developmental switch in the relative expression of the alpha 1- and alpha 2-globin genes in humans and in transgenic mice.

Human alpha-globin is encoded by two adjacent genes, alpha 2 and alpha 1. Despite their remarkable level of structural identity, the more 5′ (alpha 2) gene is the major alpha-globin locus in the normal adult, expressed at 2.6-fold higher levels than the adjacent and more 3′ (alpha 1) globin gene. In light of the well-characterized pattern of gene activation in the human alpha- and beta-globin gene clusters during development, we considered the possibility that the relative expression of these two alpha-globin loci might be developmentally controlled. Analysis of human embryonic and early fetal erythroid RNA samples confirmed this possibility; levels of mRNA encoded by the two alpha-globin loci are equal in the embryo and subsequently shift to dominant expression of the alpha 2-globin locus at week 8 in utero. In transgenic mice carrying the entire human alpha-globin cluster (except for the theta gene) we show the same shift from equal expression of the alpha 1- and alpha 2-globin loci at the embryonic stage to predominance of the alpha 2-globin locus in the adult. These data demonstrate a switch in the expression of the two adjacent alpha-globin genes during the embryonic-to-fetal switch in erythroid development and provide an experimental system for its further characterization.
Initiation of Retina Regeneration By a Conserved Mechanism of Adult Neurogenesis

Retina damage or disease in humans often leads to reactive gliosis, preventing the formation of new cells and resulting in visual impairment or blindness. Current efforts to repair damaged retinas are inefficient and not capable of fully restoring vision. Conversely, the zebrafish retina is capable of spontaneous regeneration upon damage, using Muller glia (MG) derived progenitors. Understanding how zebrafish MG initiate regeneration may help develop new treatments that prompt mammalian retinas to regenerate. Here we show that inhibition of GABA signaling facilitates initiation of MG proliferation. GABA levels decrease following damage, and MG are positioned to detect the decrease. Using pharmacological and genetic approaches we demonstrate that GABAA receptor inhibition stimulates regeneration in undamaged retinas while activation inhibits regeneration in damaged retinas. GABA induced proliferation causes upregulation of regeneration associated genes. This is the first evidence that neurotransmitters control retina regeneration in zebrafish through an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of neurogenesis.
Perspectives on recombinant live vaccines

Although vaccination has resulted in the reduction of diseases outbreaks, low levels of undesirable side effects are still a cause of concern. Traditional vaccines are made of live, attenuated, killed or fragmented pathogens, but recent progress in genetic engineering technique has enabled us to develop live attenuated mutants of several viruses and bacteria as potential vaccine vectors for antigen delivery. Such live vectors offer the advantage of delivery in a single oral, intranasal or inhalational dose, stimulating both systemic and mucosal immune responses. Here we describe the recent developments of new vaccines using recombinant viral and bacterial vectors.
Long-lasting effects of adolescent oxycodone exposure on reward-related behavior and gene expression in mice

Prescription opioid abuse and transition to heroin use are growing problems in the USA. However, the long-term consequences of adolescent prescription opioid abuse on subsequent drug use and affective-like behavior are unknown. This study aims to determine if adolescent exposure to oxycodone alters the rewarding effects of morphine, anxiety-like behavior, and reward-related gene expression later in adulthood. Adolescent male C57Bl/6 mice were exposed to oxycodone (3 mg/kg/day) via osmotic minipumps for 28 days. Following a 28-day withdrawal period, mice were tested in morphine-conditioned place preference paradigm (CPP), morphine sensitization, open field, marble burying, and forced swim (FST) tests. To determine if effects were specific to adolescent exposure, adult mice were exposed to oxycodone for 28 days and underwent 28 days of withdrawal prior to the same behavioral testing schedule. Expression of reward-related genes including dopamine receptor 1 (D1) and dopamine transporter (DAT) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) was examined. Adolescent oxycodone exposure significantly increased (300 %) response to morphine CPP during adulthood and significantly reduced D1 expression (30 %) in the NAc and DAT expression (75 %) in the VTA. Adult oxycodone exposure did not affect subsequent responses to morphine CPP. Oxycodone exposure did not affect the development of morphine sensitization or affective-like behaviors. Corticosterone response to a stressor (FST) was significantly reduced (65 %) in mice exposed to oxycodone during adolescence but not adulthood. Adolescent oxycodone exposure enhances rewarding effects of morphine in adulthood with no effect on other affective-like behaviors.
A CNN based neurobiology inspired approach for retinal image quality assessment

Retinal image quality assessment (IQA) algorithms use different hand crafted features for training classifiers without considering the working of the human visual system (HVS) which plays an important role in IQA. We propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) based approach that determines image quality using the underlying principles behind the working of the HVS. CNNs provide a principled approach to feature learning and hence higher accuracy in decision making. Experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of our proposed algorithm over competing methods.
Assessing Researcher Needs for a Virtual Biobank

Introduction: Biosamples and associated clinical data accelerate translational and clinical research discoveries. A lack of high quality biosamples both stalls projects and limits research advances. In this study, we targeted a wide audience of University of California (UC) biobanking stakeholders who were either involved with the collection or the utilization of biosamples to assess the scope of their biobanking activities and their interest in virtual biobanking or cooperating in the formation of the UC-wide biorepository. Materials and Methods: Each institutional review board from the five UC medical campuses' provided a dataset of potential researchers involved with biobanking. Once identified, a brief six item web-based questionnaire was administered electronically to these researchers. Results: Most survey participants (80%) responded “yes” (n = 348) that they were actively collecting biosamples for research, and 68% of participants indicated they would either definitely (30%, n = 131) or maybe (38%...
The logics of frugality: Reproducing tastes of necessity among affluent climate change activists

Abstract In Bourdieu’s sociological classic Distinction , he theorized tastes of necessity (in contrast to tastes of luxury) as an habitualized working-class propensity toward consumption practices deduced from constrained economic conditions. These practices also had the capacity to self-perpetuate in the absence of their conditions of generation. This taste/practice may also be called frugality. I encountered this phenomenon in a qualitative analysis of N = 28 interviews with affluent climate change activists in the Washington, DC, area. Though frugality was only practiced by a minority of research participants, it was generally scripted as a motivational component in their climate change activism and imbued with deep meaning and narrative detail. Respondents also referred to an intertwined range of logics of frugality: forced, thrifty, waste-not, environmental, cheap, oppositional and more…. This analysis expands Bourdieu’s insights. There is evidence of an embodied and intergenerational frugality: a frugal habitus/disposition—an echo of once constrained economic conditions. Though frugality may be a practice of some affluent climate change activists, its capacity to reduce human impacts on the environment is questionable and deserves more attention. I also call for a greater acknowledgement and affirmation of frugality and its practitioners.
»Buch der Freunde« (1922)

Aphoristische Texte, die in ihrer vermeintlichen Uberschaubarkeit den Charme der Uberraschung oft mit einer anhaltenden, denkerischen Auseinandersetzung verbinden, haben Hofmannsthal schon fruh fasziniert. Die Lekture von Hebbels Tagebuchern 1890 und im Jahr darauf der Schriften Nietzsches haben ihn tief beeindruckt (SW XXXVIII, 69 f., 98 f.), am wichtigsten wohl ist die lebenslange Beschaftigung mit Goethes Spruchen in Prosa (SW XXXVIII, 84).
The case for Bush revisionism: Reevaluating the legacy of America’s 43rd president

This article reassesses the foreign policy legacy of George W. Bush in light of the emerging historical record of his administration. We conclude that, whereas Bush’s foreign policy was in widespread disrepute when he left office in 2009, that reputation is likely to improve – perhaps significantly – in the coming years. We identify six particular arguments that lend credence to an emerging ‘Bush revisionism.’ To be clear, we do not necessarily argue that the balance sheet on Bush’s foreign policy was positive, but the arguments presented here are likely to generate a more sympathetic and favorable historical assessment of Bush’s presidency over time.
Verification of an improved hip joint center prediction method.

Abstract In motion analysis, the hip joint center (HJC) is used to define the proximal location of the thigh segment and is also the point about which hip moments are calculated. The HJC cannot be palpated; its location must be calculated. Functional methods have been proposed but are difficult to perform by some clinical populations. Therefore, regression methods are utilized, but yield large errors in estimating the HJC location. These prediction methods typically utilize the anterior and posterior superior iliac spines, where excessive adipose tissue makes correctly locating difficult. A new regression method (Hara) utilizes leg length and has been shown to improve HJC location in cadavers and less error than previous pelvic based regression methods, such as those proposed by Harrington et al. This study compared the accuracy of the HJC location calculated with both of the Harrington methods and the Hara method. The coronal knee angle was calculated for each method using a static motion analysis trial, and compared to the tibiofemoral angle measured on a gold standard digital full-leg coronal radiograph. This study demonstrated that the Hara method was more accurate than either of the Harrington methods. The mean error between the gold standard x-ray measurement and the motion analysis calculation for the Harrington (stepwise and LOOCV), the Harrington (linear regression), and Hara regression methods, respectively were 6.0°, 4.0°, and 1.8°. Accurately modeling the HJC is critical for data interpretation and patient care. This study confirmed that the Hara HJC regression method is valid in an in-vivo setting.
When Optimal Team Formation Is a Choice - Self-selection Versus Intelligent Team Formation Strategies in a Large Online Project-Based Course

Prior research in Team-Based Massive Open Online Project courses (TB-MOOPs) has demonstrated both the importance of effective group composition and the potential for using automated methods for forming effective teams. Past work on automated team assignment has produced both spectacular failures and spectacular successes. In either case, different contexts pose particular challenges that may interfere with the applicability of approaches that have succeeded in other contexts. This paper reports on a case study investigating the applicability of an automated team assignment approach that has succeeded spectacularly in TB-MOOP contexts to a large online project-based course. The analysis offers both evidence of partial success of the paradigm as well as insights into areas for growth.
The Wire Act and the Interstate Horse Racing Act: How Did We Get Here?

This speech summarizes the history of the federal Wire Act and details the legislative history of the Interstate Horse Racing Act.
IBM POWER SYSTEMS AND SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE AT BANK OF AMERICA’S FOREIGN ITEMS SYSTEMS OFFICE

This is a teaching case on a real life scenario in an organization involving IT solution evaluation and selection. This case involves the Bank of America’s Foreign Items Systems office in Toronto. The officers from the Bank of America’s Foreign Items Systems office in Toronto were discussing how to respond to a Request for Proposal (RFP) from a major U.S. bank to provide foreign currency services. The case discusses three options: Standard J2EE Web Application Global Foreign Currency, Modified J2EE Web Application with Single Sign On, and Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) via Web Services. The case can be used to complement chapters in MIS and IT courses that are related to Systems Integration, IT Infrastructure or IT Implementation. The case can also be used to discuss IT planning, management, evaluation, and trade-off issues. The case is intended for use by senior undergraduate and MBA students.
A Semi-Elliptic Analysis of Internal Viscous Flows

The increased demands placed presently on the performance of compressors and turbines of gas-turbine engines have, for some time, pointed the need for accurate analysis of viscous flows in turbomachinery. With the recent developments of advanced computational facilities, much effort has been made to respond to ’this need. Various mathematical formulations, grid systems and numerical techniques have been developed for the numerical solution of the viscous flow equations (Refs. 1–4). The full Navier-Stokes equations as well as their corresponding thin-layer approximate form have been employed in H- as well as C-grids, using explicit or implicit methods, including convergence enhancement techniques based on multi-grid methodology. Nevertheless, obtaining converged solutions for general geometries on acceptably refined grids remains a computationally demanding task.
The Role of Public Service Motivation in Employee Work Engagement: A Test of the Job Demands-Resources Model

The study investigates the nature of public service motivation’s (PSM) relationship to employee work engagement. Using the Job Demands-Resource Model, the authors compare whether PSM as a resource ...
Local adaptation of phenology revealed in outcrosses between spawning segments of a salmonid population.

Local adaptation has been demonstrated in spatially or temporally distant animal populations but seldom in proximate populations. To address the scale of local adaptation in Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), two generations of hybrids between temporally separated spawning segments were made in a population of pink salmon (O. gorbuscha) and compared with controls to evaluate the genetic architecture underlying adult migration time and to test for declines in marine survival that resulted from outbreeding depression. Bayesian mixed-effects models revealed that adult migration times in hybrid lines were intermediate to those of controls and that additive sources of genetic variation were significant, thereby indicating that local adaptation has acted on additive genetic variation in shaping this trait. Similarly, a line cross analysis revealed that an additive model best described the genetic architecture of adult migration time. In contrast, marine survival was generally similar between control and hybrid lines, which suggested that the effect of outbreeding upon marine survival was minimal at such a fine scale of genetic divergence. The implications of these results are that (a) local adaptation can facilitate genetic divergence of life history traits between proximate subpopulations; (b) artificial relaxation of natural barriers to gene flow can cause maladaptive shifts in life history traits; and (c) wild populations may harbour fine-scale adaptive variation that supports productivity and sustainability.
Anfängliche Gewichtszunahme bei kontinuierlicher Positivdruck-Therapie wegen obstruktiver Schlafapnoe

Study objectives Many clinicians believe that continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with a decrease in body mass, but to date, studies generally suggest long-term stability in body mass after 1 year. We have seen body mass increase after 4 weeks of treatment with CPAP in most patients with OSA. In this study, we test the hypothesis that therapy of OSA with CPAP produces a short-term gain in body mass, and look for physiological correlates to suggest an underlying mechanism.
Abstract TMP56: Differential Effect of Left versus Right White Matter Hyperintensity Burden on Functional Decline: The Northern Manhattan Study

Background: We previously showed that overall brain white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV) was associated with accelerated long-term functional decline. Asymmetry of brain dysfunction may disrup...
Randomized phase II study of docetaxel with or without DMXAA (AS1404) in hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer (HRMPC)

5115 Background: DMXAA (AS1404) is a small-molecule agent that disrupts tumor vasculature. Combination of DMXAA with taxanes produces synergistic inhibition of tumor growth in animal models. A rand...
Nucleotide excision repair of DNA adducts derived from the binding of the equine estrogen metabolite 4-OHEN to dC and dA adducts in vitro.

5255 The catechol 4-hydroxyequilenin (4-OHEN) is a metabolite of the equine estrogen equilenin, a component of a widely prescribed formulation that is used as a hormone replacement treatment for post-menopausal women. Our focus is on studying the physical and biochemical properties of DNA adducts that are formed when 4-OHEN is auto-oxidized to o-quinones that bind to dC and dA in DNA to form unusual cyclic adducts. The stereochemically defined 4-OHEN-dC and 4-OHEN-dA lesions were site-specifically incorporated into oligonucleotide duplexes and their susceptibilities to removal by nucleotide excision repair (NER) proteins were investigated. Computer modeling studies indicate that the dC adducts adopt unusual conformations and cause significant perturbations of the normal B-DNA structure since duplexes containing such adducts are strongly destabilized. The effects of temperature on NER were investigated using the prokaryotic UvrABC proteins from the thermophilic organism B. caldotenax to assess the mechanisms of recognition and incision associated with these bulky adducts. Although both the 4-OHEN-dC and -dA adducts form chemically analogous cyclic adducts that distort the double helices, the 4-OHEN-dC adducts are incised more efficiently than the dA adducts at both 37 °C and 55 °C. The repair efficiencies can also depend on adduct stereochemistry and sequence context. Research supported by NIH grants CA 73638 (J.L. Bolton, P.I.) and CA112412.
Who Wants to Lead? Anticipated Gender Discrimination Reduces Women’s Leadership Ambitions:

We examine whether anticipated gender discrimination—specifically, gendered sanctions for leadership failure—decreases women’s leadership ambitions. We find that laypeople expect that women leaders...
Microscopic Methods for Analysis of Macrophage-Induced Tunneling Nanotubes

Macrophages are known to play multiple roles in the breast cancer microenvironment including the promotion of tumor cell invasion that is dependent on soluble factors or through direct contact. Macrophages can also enhance the production of Tunneling Nanotubes (TNTs) in tumor cells which can be mimicked using macrophage-conditioned medium. TNTs are long thin F-actin structures that connect two or more cells together that have been found in many different cell types including macrophages and tumor cells and have been implicated in enhancing tumor cells functions, such as invasion. Here we describe basic procedures used to stimulate tumor cell TNT formation through macrophage-conditioned medium along with methods for quantifying TNTs.
Towards Synaptic Behavior of Nanoscale ReRAM Devices for Neuromorphic Computing Applications

Resistive Random Access Memory (ReRAM), a form of non-volatile memory, has been proposed as a Flash memory replacement. In addition, novel circuit architectures have been proposed that rely on newly discovered or predicted behavior of ReRAM. One such architecture is the memristive Dynamic Adaptive Neural Network Array, developed to emulate the functionality of a biological neuron system. We demonstrated ReRAM devices that show a synaptic tendency by changing their resistance in an analog fashion. The CMOS compatible nanoscale ReRAM devices shown are based on an HfO2 switching layer that sits on a tungsten electrode and is covered by a titanium oxygen scavenger layer and a titanium nitride top electrode. In this work, we showed devices exceeding endurance values of 10B cycles with a discrete Roff/Ron ratio of 15. Multi-level states were achieved by using consecutive ultra-short 5/1.5 ns pulses during the reset operation. A neural network simulation was performed in which the synaptic weights were perturbed with the ReRAM variability, which was extracted from two different characterization methods: (1) via direct write, and (2) via a write/read verification approach during the reset operation. A substantial improvement of the neural network fitness was demonstrated when using the write/read verification approach.
G Protein Coupled Receptors and Heterotrimeric G Proteins as Cancer Drivers

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and heterotrimeric G proteins play central roles in a diverse array of cellular processes. As such, dysregulation of GPCRs and their coupled heterotrimeric G proteins can dramatically alter the signalling landscape and functional state of a cell. Consistent with their fundamental physiological functions, GPCRs and their effector heterotrimeric G proteins are implicated in some of the most prevalent human diseases, including a complex disease such as cancer that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. GPCR/G protein-mediated signalling impacts oncogenesis at multiple levels by regulating tumour angiogenesis, immune evasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Here, we summarize the growing body of research on GPCRs and their effector heterotrimeric G proteins as drivers of cancer initiation and progression, and as emerging antitumoural therapeutic targets.
Long-range correlation of intra-molecular and inter-molecular vibration in liquid CCl4

Experiments measuring the polarization dependence of hyper-Raman light scattering reveal long-range correlation of molecular vibrations in liquid CCl4. The ν3 and ν1 + ν4 intra-molecular vibrations at about 770 cm-1 are strongly polarized transverse to the scattering wavevector. Weaker transverse polarization is exhibited by the ν1, ν2, and ν4 intra-molecular vibrations and by the inter-molecular collision-induced band around 0 cm-1. The observed polarization dependence is due to the correlation of the vibrations on molecules separated by about 200 nm. The strength of the observed correlation increases with the transition dipole moment for the vibration mode and is consistent with dipole-dipole coupling.
Bank Profits and the Net Worth Channel of Monetary Policy Transmission

In this paper I document two new facts. First, bank net-interest margins (NIM) are insensitive to the short rate on average but this masks substantial heterogeneity in the cross section. I find cross sectional variation ranging from a -30bp to +40bp change in one quarter NIM after a 100bp change in rates, which compounds over the following four quarters. I find that this cross sectional heterogeneity is driven by differences in bank business models. Second, bank NIM sensitivity to rate changes is muted by offsets in non-interest expenses, reducing ROA sensitivity by approximately 30% on average. The positive relationship between net-interest income and non-interest expenses is somewhat consistent with investment sensitivity to profitability, but is also consistent with the management of expenses in order to prop up earnings to meet executive performance targets. These findings have implications for understanding how the net-worth channel of monetary policy operates in the cross section and can help inform policy related to the existence of a ``reversal rate''.
Coronary artery calcification and epicardial adipose tissue as independent predictors of mortality in COVID-19.

Recent epidemiological studies have demonstrated that common cardiovascular risk factors are strongly associated with adverse outcomes in COVID-19. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) and epicardial fat (EAT) have shown to outperform traditional risk factors in predicting cardiovascular events in the general population. We aim to determine if CAC and EAT determined by Computed Tomographic (CT) scanning can predict all-cause mortality in patients admitted with COVID-19 disease. We performed a retrospective, post-hoc analysis of all patients admitted to Montefiore Medical Center with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis from March 1st, 2020 to May 2nd, 2020 who had a non-contrast CT of the chest within 5 years prior to admission. We determined ordinal CAC scores and quantified the epicardial (EAT) and thoracic (TAT) fat volume and examined their relationship with inpatient mortality. A total of 493 patients were analyzed. There were 197 deaths (39.95%). Patients who died during the index admission had higher age (72, [64–80] vs 68, [57–76]; p < 0.001), CAC score (3, [0–6] vs 1, [0–4]; p < 0.001) and EAT (107, [70–152] vs 94, [64–129]; p = 0.023). On a competing risk analysis regression model, CAC ≥ 4 and EAT ≥ median (98 ml) were independent predictors of mortality with increased mortality of 63% (p = 0.003) and 43% (p = 0.032), respectively. As a composite, the group with a combination of CAC ≥ 4 and EAT ≥ 98 ml had the highest mortality. CAC and EAT measured from chest CT are strong independent predictors of inpatient mortality from COVID-19 in this high-risk cohort.
Oncogenic Mutations in PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway Effectors Associate with Worse Prognosis in BRAFV600E -Driven Papillary Thyroid Cancer Patients.

Purpose: The extent to which routine genomic sequencing can identify relevant secondary genomic alterations among BRAFV600E-mutant papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is unknown. Such markers would prove highly valuable for prognostic purposes. Experimental Design: We reviewed clinicopathologic data of 225 patients with BRAFV600E-mutant PTC and integrated them with genomic data derived from targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) on tumor specimens. We defined patient subgroups based on bona fide secondary oncogenic events (separate from BRAFV600E) and compared their clinical features and outcomes with those without additional oncogenic alterations. Results: Additional oncogenic alterations were identified in 16% of tumors. Patients in the “BRAF+additional mutations” group were more likely to be at high American Thyroid Association (ATA) risk of recurrence (48.6% vs. 17.6%; P = 0.0009), had larger baseline tumor (2.7 vs. 1.9 cm; P = 0.0005) and more advanced stage at presentation (14.3% vs. 1.1% stage 4; P Conclusions: Identification of additional PIK3/AKT/mTOR alterations in patients with BRAFV600E-mutant PTC provides important and actionable prognostic risk stratification. These data support genomic profiling of PTC tumors to inform prognosis and clinical strategy.
Defined Contribution Pensions: Plan Rules, Participant Choices, and the Path of Least Resistance

We assess the effect on savings behavior of several different 401(k) plan features, including automatic enrollment, automatic cash distributions, employer matching provisions, eligibility requirements, investment options, and financial education. We also present new survey evidence on individual savings adequacy. Many of our conclusions are based on an analysis of micro-level administrative data on the 401(k) savings behavior of employees in several large corporations that implemented changes in their 401(k) plan design. Our analysis identifies a key behavioral principle that should partially guide the design of 401(k) plans: employees often follow the path of least resistance. For better or for worse, plan administrators can manipulate the path of least resistance to powerfully influence the savings and investment choices of their employees.
Statistics of SES

In this chapter we consider filtering, interpolation and extrapolation problems for such stochastic evolutionary systems as diffusion and traffic processes in random media [141, 142].
Mechanisms of substrate binding with glutamine synthetase. Equilibrium isotope exchanges with the ovine brain, pea seed, and Escherichia coli enzymes.

Abstract Equilibrium isotope exchange kinetics were used to investigate the sequences of substrate binding with ovine brain, pea seed, and Escherichia coli glutamine synthetases. Without exception, the relative rates of exchange are (glutamate ⇆ glutamine) g (NH3 ⇆ glutamine) g (Pi ⇆ ATP) ≃ (ADP ⇆ ATP). This suggests that the rate of net turnover at saturating substrate levels is limited more strongly by the rate of nucleotide release than by the rate of covalent interconversion. With the ovine brain enzyme, the kinetic patterns of equilibrium exchange are consistent with a partially ordered sequence of substrate binding, where ATP binds before NH3, glutamine leaves before ADP, but glutamate and phosphate are bound and released randomly on their respective sides of the reaction. This particular binding order does not permit observation of those partial exchange reactions expected if an enzyme-bound γ-glutamyl phosphate intermediate were formed. Upon variation of the concentration of all substrates in constant ratio at equilibrium, the pea seed, the Mn2+-activated adenylylated and the Mg2+-activated unadenylylated E. coli enzymes exhibit exchange kinetic patterns consistent with random substrate addition and release. The kinetic data also suggest synergism of substrate binding between glutamate and ATP. A brief section on theory and interpretation of kinetic patterns of equilibrium exchanges as related to substrate-binding order is presented.
The battle over Spanish between 1800 and 2000 : language ideologies and Hispanic intellectuals

1 Nationalism, Hispanismo, and Monoglossic Culture 2 Linguistic Anti-Academicism and Hispanic Community: Saramient and Unamuno 3 The Ideological Construction of an Empirical Base: Selection and Elaboration in Andes Bello's Grammar 4 Historical Linguistics and Cultural History: The Polemic between Rufino Jose Cuervo and Juan Valera 5 Menedez Pidal, National Regeneration and the Linguistic Utopia 6 'For Their Own Good:' The Spanish Identity and Its Great Inquisitor, Miguel de Unamuno 7 A Nobleman Grabs the Broom: Ortega y Gasset's Verbal Hygiene 8 Jose Maria Arguedas: Peruvian Spanish as Subversive Assimilation 9 'Codo con Codo:' Hispanic Community and the Language Spectacle