cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhanced resistance to nitrosoguanidine killing and mutagenesis in a DNA gyrase mutant of Escherichia coli.

Abstract The role of DNA gyrase in handling DNA damages induced by N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) was examined with two Escherichia coli strains, KL161 and KL166. The two strains are isogenic except that KL166 harbors a mutation at the nalA (gyrA) locus which specifies one of the two subunits of DNA gyrase. We treated the two strains with several different types of mutagenic agents and found the nalA strain to be highly resistant to MNNG-induced killing and mutagenic effects as compared with the parental strain. The MNNG resistance was specific, since the two strains were about equally sensitive to methyl methane sulfonate, ethyl methane sulfonate, and UV and gamma radiations. We pulse-labeled the two strains with [3H]uridine and 14C-amino acids after MNNG treatment to analyze RNA and protein synthetic rates. The pulse-labeled proteins were also separated on polyacrylamide gels. The results show that pulse-labeled RNA and proteins persisted in the nalA strain but declined rapidly in the parental strain after MNNG treatment. We compared membrane-free nucleoid preparations from the two strains by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and found a difference in nucleoid organization between the two strains. The nucleoid of the nalA strain, unlike that of the parental strain, may have a highly ordered structure, as indicated by its resistance to ethidium bromide-induced relaxation. The ability of the two strains to express an adaptive response to MNNG was determined. We found that the resistance to MNNG killing and mutagenesis by the nalA strain cannot be further increased by adaptive treatment. These results suggest that an alteration in DNA gyrase may have profound effects on E. coli chromosome organization and base methylation by MNNG.
Use of acoustics to deter bark beetles from entering tree material.

BACKGROUND Acoustic technology is a potential tool to protect wood materials and eventually live trees from colonization by bark beetles. Bark beetles such as the southern pine beetle Dendroctonus frontalis, western pine beetle D. brevicomis and pine engraver Ips pini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) use chemical and acoustic cues to communicate and to locate potential mates and host trees. In this study, the efficacy of sound treatments on D. frontalis, D. brevicomis and I. pini entry into tree materials was tested. RESULTS Acoustic treatments significantly influenced whether beetles entered pine logs in the laboratory. Playback of artificial sounds reduced D. brevicomis entry into logs, and playback of stress call sounds reduced D. frontalis entry into logs. Sound treatments had no effect on I. pini entry into logs. CONCLUSION The reduction in bark beetle entry into logs using particular acoustic treatments indicates that sound could be used as a viable management tool. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
LONGITUDINAL AND CROSS-SECTIONAL ESTIMATES OF PULMONARY FUNCTION DECLINE IN NEVER-SMOKING ADULTS

This paper describes methods for simultaneous cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of repeated measurements obtained in cohort studies with regular examination schedules, then uses these methods to describe age-related changes in pulmonary function level among nonsmoking participants in the Six Cities Study, a longitudinal study of air pollution and respiratory health conducted between 1974 and 1983 in Watertown, Massachusetts; Kingston and Harriman, Tennessee; St. Louis, Missouri; Steubenville, Ohio; Portage, Wisconsin; and Topeka, Kansas. The subjects, initially aged 25-74, were examined on three occasions at 3-year intervals. Individual rates of loss increased more rapidly with age than predicted from the cross-sectional model. For example, for a male of height 1.75 m, the cross-sectional model predicted an increase in the annual rate of loss of FEV1 from 23.7 ml/yr at age 25 to 39.0 ml/yr at age 75, while the longitudinal model gave rates of loss increasing from 12.9 ml/yr at age 25 to 58.2 ml/yr at age 75. These results contrast with those of other studies comparing longitudinal and cross-sectional estimates of pulmonary function loss.
Psychomotor Skill Teaching: Beyond the Command Style

(1987). Psychomotor Skill Teaching: Beyond the Command Style. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 58, No. 6, pp. 36-37.
INFLUENCE OF pH AND OF CERTAIN OTHER CONDITIONS ON THE STABILITY OF THE INFECTIVITY AND RED CELL AGGLUTINATING ACTIVITY OF INFLUENZA VIRUS

A study has been made of the pH stability of centrifugally purified strains of influenza virus with respect to the biological properties of mouse infectivity and chicken red blood cell agglutinating activity. Observations also were made on the importance of composition of buffer, temperature of storage, and concentration of virus protein to the stability of the virus. When tested for stability at a protein concentration of 0.1 mg. per cc. in phosphate buffer, the infectivity of PR8 virus was found to be most stable at pH 6.5-7; the swine virus, at pH 7-7.9; and the Lee strain, at a pH of 7.9 or higher. The CCA activity of the PR8 virus in phosphate buffer was most stable at pH 7, that of the swine virus at pH 7-8, and that of the Lee virus at a pH greater than 9. Furthermore, the Lee virus was much less stable in dilute solution in phosphate buffer, even under optimum conditions of pH, than either the PR8 or swine strains. The different strains of influenza virus were found to possess certain characteristics in common. They lost infectivity and CCA activity on the acid side of optimum pH conditions much more rapidly than on the alkaline side. Under suitable conditions of buffer and pH, the infectivity decreased while the CCA activity remained unchanged. In general, the rate of loss in infectivity was greater than the rate of loss in CCA activity. When tests of stability were carried out at a protein concentration of 0.1 mg. per cc. in a composite phosphate-glycine-NaCl buffer, the virus strains showed less marked differences and possessed much higher stabilities of CCA activity and infectivity than when stored at the same concentration in phosphate buffer alone. Under the modified conditions, all three viruses possessed maximum stabilities of CCA activity and infectivity at pH 7-8 with the exception of the PR8 virus whose infectivity appeared more stable at pH 7 than at pH 8. In detailed experiments with the Lee virus, it was found that the infectivity and CCA activity of this strain at pH 7 and at a protein concentration of 0.1 mg. per cc. were maintained best in the composite phosphate-glycine-NaCl buffer, less well in a buffer containing glycine and NaCl, and least well in phosphate buffer alone. In tests with PR8 virus, the activity was found to be much more stable at 4 degrees C. than at 23 degrees C. When stored at a concentration of 2 mg. per cc. at 4 degrees C. in phosphate buffer at pH 7, the PR8 and Lee strains were found to be much more stable than when stored at the concentration of 0.1 mg. per cc. At the higher concentration, no significant losses in either infectivity or CCA activity were observed over a period of 2 months.
Diffusion in a one-dimensional superlattice

Abstract A one-dimensional model of electron diffusion in a superlattice is examined here. The analytical dependence of the diffusion coefficient on the applied electric field is determined. We show that the applied field suppresses diffusion and that diffusion is absent at the electric field strengths corresponding to electrophonon resonances.
ELECTRIC CIRCUIT DESIGN AND TESTING OF INTEGRATED DISTRIBUTED STRUCTRONIC SYSTEMS

Abstract Modelling distributed parameter systems (DPS) by electric circuits and fabricating the complicated equivalent circuits to evaluate system responses poses many challenging research issues for many years. Electrical modelling and analysis of distributed sensing/control of smart structures and distributed structronic systems are even scarce. This paper is to present a technique to model distributed structronic control systems with electric circuits and to evaluate control behaviors with the fabricated equivalent circuits. Electrical analogies and analysis of distributed structronic systems is proposed and dynamics and control of beam/sensor/actuator systems are investigated. To determine the equivalent circuits and system parameters, higher order partial derivatives are simplified using the finite difference method; partial differential equations (PDE) are transformed to finite difference equations and further represented by electronic components and circuits. To provide better signal management and stability, active electrical circuit systems are designed and fabricated. Electrical signals from the distributed system circuits (i.e., soft and hard) are compared with results obtained by the classical theoretical, finite element, and experimental techniques.
A Report on Catalan Language Publishing

This article provides a descriptive account of the state of contemporary Catalan language publishing. Utilizing a broad array of resources, including scholarly, media and official literature as well as interviews with bookstore owners, librarians and publishers it examines how a once-censored minority language has become central to a thriving regional publishing industry. As a result of both popular and state support, the Catalan reading public’s exposure to and consumption of Catalan print material is growing. The study acknowledges the diversity, complexity and profundity of the Catalan voice while showing how central the publishing industry has become to its expression.
Finite Element Modeling of Local Damage in Kevlar/Carbon Fiber Sandwich Under Low Velocity Impact

Impact properties of carbon fiber and Kevlar or hybrid (3K carbon fiber/1500 Denier Kevlar) combination sandwich composite plates were numerically investigated in this study. The goal of this research was to define the change in impact properties as results of replacing the carbon fiber layer on the impact-side face sheet with combinations of carbon fiber/Kevlar or carbon fiber/hybrid. Information on impact energy and maximum impact force obtained from previous experiments were applied to validate the model input properties. The models were then used to characterize the mechanism of the reduction in the global stiffness of the sandwich plate due to the sequence of the damage in the foam core and the face sheet corresponding to the variation of the laminate mixture and loading energy. Results from this study could be of assistance to determining structure integrity with respect to the composite combination under impact load.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Ecstasy and Sex Among Young Heterosexual Women: A Qualitative Analysis of Sensuality, Sexual Effects, and Sexual Risk Taking

ABSTRACT MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) Ecstasy has been shown to heighten senses, feelings of intimacy, and communication. This study addresses sensual and sexual responses to Ecstasy and the potential for risky sexual behavior. Qualitative data from 41 heterosexual female Ecstasy users in New York City (ages 18–29) were analyzed. Women reported both heightened sexual (e.g., desire, arousal, orgasmic intensity) and sensual (e.g., deep emotions, emotional closeness, feeling love, affectionate) experiences; however, experiences were more often classified as sensual. A majority of women who had engaged in sex while high on Ecstasy felt that the drug did not result in risky sexual behavior. Nevertheless, some reported engaging in behavior they would not have otherwise (e.g., anal sex) with partners they would not have had sex with while not under the influence. Findings support that Ecstasy alters heterosexual women's experience of sexual behavior. Programs seeking to address Ecstasy use among this...
Specific binding of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 in lymphocytes.

Abstract We examined ten cellular or tissue sources of lymphocytes for specific binding of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 , the hormonally active form of vitamin D 3 . A specific-binding protein was found in three of these sources. Scatchard analysis of cytosol from a follicular lymphoma cell line revealed binding sites with a Kd of 7.0 × 10 −11 and a receptor concentration of 6.6 f mol/mg protein. Sucrose density centrifugation of 3 H-1,25(OH) 2 D 3 labeled cytosol showed a 3.75 peak which was absent in cytosols incubated with excess nonradioactive 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 . The relative amounts of vitamin D 3 metabolites required to displace 50% of the specifically bound 3 H-1,25(OH) 2 D 3 were 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 : 1,24,25(OH) 3 D 3 : 25(OH)D 3 : 24,25(OH) 2 D 3 = 1: 180: 1000: 2700. Excess vitamin D 3 , cortisol, and estradiol failed to displace 3 H-1,25(OH) 2 D 3 . Scatchard analysis of spleen cytosol from a patient with prolymphocytic transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia demonstrated a binding protein with a Kd of 1.2 × 10 −10 and a receptor concentration of 0.2 f mol/mg protein. DNA cellulose binding confirmed the presence of the specific-binding protein in this cytosol. Specific binding of 3 H-1,25(OH) 2 D 3 was also quantitated in a cell line from a patient with Burkitt's lymphoma with a Kd of 0.3 × 10 −10 and a receptor concentration of 29.6 f mol/mg protein. No specific binding of 3 H-1,25(OH) 2 D 3 was observed in lymphocytes from seven other malignant and nonmalignant sources. These results are the first to demonstrate a specific-binding protein for 1,25(OH 2 D 3 in lymphocytes from tissue and from these specific cell lines. The presence of this protein in some lymphocytes but not others may reflect the state of activation of the lymphocytes.
Does impaired primacy recall equal impaired long‐term storage?: Serial position effects in Huntington's disease and Alzheimer's disease

Immediate recall, delayed recall, and delayed recognition of items from the primacy (beginning) and recency (terminal) regions of a word list were examined in Huntington's disease (HD) patients, Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, and age‐matched normal controls. The HD patients, relative to middle‐aged controls, exhibited poor immediate recall of primacy words, but intact retention over time of the words they had recalled initially, and intact recognition of all primacy words. These results suggest that poor primacy recall may not always signify impairment in long‐term storage (LTS), as is often presumed. Relative to elderly controls, AD patients also showed severely impaired immediate recall of primacy words but, unlike HD patients, exhibited markedly deficient retention and recognition of these words. Thus, in AD patients, it is likely that impaired LTS is a major factor contributing to poor primacy recall. Diverging patterns of results were also found for HD and AD patients' recency item recall and rec...
Identification of a transcription factor like protein at the TOR locus in Leishmania mexicana amazonensis

The TOR gene (TOxic nucleoside Resistance gene) was mapped to a 2.3 kb fragment on the amplified DNA from tubercidin resistant Leishmania (TUB). This DNA fragment conferred upon wild type cells resistance to tubercidin, inosine dialdehyde, formycin A and B and allopurinol riboside and a reduced ability to accumulate purine nucleobases and nucleosides. These properties were characteristic of the parental TUB cells which carried the intact amplified DNA and have been hypothesized to be caused by a reduction in the activity of the multiple purine transporters within this organism. The TOR gene was found to be partially homologous to the rodent and human Oct-6/SCIP/Tst-1 gene. It lacked, however, the POU specific domain of this class of transcription factors and contained only the first two helices of the POU homeodomain. This truncated homeodomain was not required to confer resistance upon wild type cells to toxic nucleosides, suggesting that TOR was not a repressor with independent DNA binding capability.
Electron beam CT scan is a valuable and safe imaging tool for the pediatric surgical patient

Abstract Purpose Electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) is a relatively new technology that has been used primarily to detect coronary artery calcification in adult patients. EBCT has several potential advantages over traditional CT: (1) fast acquisition times resulting in less need for sedation, (2) decreased radiation exposure, and (3) robust software enabling real-time interactive 3-dimensional visualization of anatomic relationships. In this series of case reports, the authors describe their initial experience with the use of EBCT in pediatric noncardiac imaging. Methods Children with a variety of thoracic and abdominal disease processes were evaluated by EBCT. Results All patients underwent EBCT scanning without the need for sedation, and 3-dimensional images of the data sets were rendered in minutes after their acquisition. The diagnostic images provided equivalent spatial resolution to the multislice CT scanner but without motion artifacts and lower radiation exposure. Conclusions EBCT is a safe, effective, and user- and patient-friendly alternative to traditional CT in the care of pediatric surgical diseases. The diagnostic yield of EBCT will continue to improve with new technologic advances and clinical experience.
Diffractive sub-picosecond manipulation of X-rays

Abstract A class of X-ray optical elements for the sub-picosecond manipulation of X-rays is proposed. The design of these elements is based upon a time-dependent dynamical diffraction theory that synthesizes the eikonal theory with the Takagi–Taupin theory. A brief outline of the theory is given.
The relative importance of chlorophyll, dissolved and particulate material, and seawater to the vertical extinction of light

Abstract The attenuation of light by chlorophyll, particulate and dissolved material, and seawater off the coast of north-west Africa showed distinct cross-shelf variations. Attenuation was most rapid nearshore because of absorption by non-biological particles. This particulate matter was probably aeolian material from the nearby Sahara Desert of resuspended sand from the sediment. Regardless of the source, the marked light extinction resulted in decreased phytoplankton growth nearshore. Light attenuation characteristics of the region were anomalous when compared to those of other ocenic regimes.
Magnetism in high‐resolution NMR probe design. II: HR MAS

Various issues affecting nuclear magnetic resonance probe resolution are discussed, with emphasis on high-resolution or magic angle spinning (MAS) in this part. Symmetric positioning of chip capacitors at the magic angles addresses the largest B0 perturbation with ultra-low-inductance decoupling coils, and symmetric spinner drive designs with silicon-nitride coilforms are shown to be extremely beneficial in reducing spinning-, decoupling-, and variable temperature-induced thermal gradients. Other factors discussed include MAS sample cell design, high frequency (HF) coils, centrifugation, shimming, B1 homogeneity, B0 stability, and geometric compensation for variable angle spinning resolution. ©1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 10: 239–260, 1998
Gaussian reciprocal diffusions and their associated conservation laws

Krener and collaborators have shown that Gaussian Reciprocal Diffusions (GRDs) x(t) must satisfy on [0,T] a 2nd order stochastic differential equation of the form , where ξ(t) is a generalized noise process. Krener has also shown that such GRDs have conditional moments satisfying a system of conservation laws similar to those of continuum mechanics In this paper we further investigate the relationship between GRDs. their conditional moments and their associated conservation laws. We show that a GRD is determined by its lifetime, its reciprocal invariants and the initial values of its conditional moments. A characterization is then given of those functions that are allowable as the initial values for the conditional moments of a GRD having a given lifetime and given reciprocal invariants. We show further that the conservation laws associated with a GRD form a hyperbolic system for either all or none of the process lifetime, and we give criteria for determining which of these alternatives holds
Sum Rule for the Σ Term from the Bjorken Limit and Mass Dispersion Relations

We present a sum rule for the $\ensuremath{\Sigma}$ term derived from the assumptions of Bjorken limit, precocious asymptopia, and finite-mass dispersion relations. We use the commutation relations of the gluon model as input for a numerical evaluation.
INTERFACIAL ELECTRON TRANSFER INVOLVING RADICAL IONS OF CAROTENE AND DIPHENYLHEXATRIENE IN MICELLES AND VESICLES

— The radical cations and anions of diphenylhexatriene have been produced and characterized in homogenous and micellar solutions by pulse radiolysis and laser flash photolysis techniques. Both types of radical ions were formed in cyclohexane on pulse radiolysis. The radical cation was formed in dichloroethane on pulse radiolysis, and by two photon photoionization in ethanol, dichloroethane, and various micelles. Both radical ions have intense (? 105M-1 cm-1) absorption peaks at600–650nm. The cation peak occurs at slightly shorter wavelengths than that of the anion. In micelles and vesicles the radical anion of carotene was formed by electron transfer from ea– on pulse radiolysis. The radical cation was formed on pulse radiolysis of micellar solutions containing Br-2 as counterion, presumably by electron transfer to Br2-. The spectra agree with those of the radical cation and anion of carotene that have previously been obtained in homogenous solutions (Dawe and Land, 1975). Electron transfer in micelles and vesicles from the radical anion of biphenyl to carotene and diphenylhexatriene, and from the radical anions of these to inorganic acceptors has been studied.
DETERMINING THE OPTIMAL NUMBER OF BID SOLICITATIONS1

This paper analyzes three simple search models, in which a buyer with full knowledge of the distribution of market prices searches for a low price. He continues his search until the cost of further search exceeds the expected savings resulting from the further search. The implications of these models are also discussed.
Something to smile about in stroke

Sudden facial drooping or an uneven smile often indicates the onset of an acute ischemic stroke. Researchers are now investigating using the same neurons that allow us to smile as a new emergency treatment for stroke. Their approach is based on a documented increase in brain blood flow caused by
On the range of the Berezin transform

Abstract We study the range of the Berezin transform B. More precisely, we characterize all triples ( f,g,u) where f and g are non-constant holomorphic functions on the unit disc D in the complex plane and u is integrable on D such that f g =Bu . It turns out that there are very ‘few’ such triples. This problem arose in the study of Bergman space Toeplitz operators and its solution has application to the theory of such operators.
Multiple types of neuropeptide Y-containing neurons in primate neocortex.

The avidin-biotin-peroxidase method was used at the light and electron microscopic levels to analyze neuropeptide Y (NPY)-containing neurons in the neocortex of six adult macaque monkeys. Regions studied included various sensory, motor, limbic, and association areas, designated as 17, 18, 7, 22, 3, 4, 6, 24, and 9 by Brodmann (Beitrage zur Histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde. Leipzig: Barth, '06). Several types of NPY-containing neurons can be distinguished by their laminar location, by the size of their perikarya, and by the size, shape, and pattern of ramification of their processes: (1) layer I small local circuit neurons; (2) layer II granule cells; (3) aspiny stellate cells located in layers II–III and V–VI, with long, slender dendrites; (4) sparsely spiny stellate cells; (5) aspiny stellate cells with long, horizontally oriented dendrites, whose cell body is situated in layer VI; (6) Martinotti cells in areas 9, 7, and 24; and (7) multipolar neurons situated in the white matter subjacent to the cortical gray. The possibility of additional neuronal types containing NPY is suggested by labeled densely spinous dendrites in area 6 and recurving axons and axonal loops in the supragranular layers in areas 7 and 9. No NPY-containing neurons were found in layer IV of any area, except layers IVA and B of the visual cortex. Likewise, nonneuronal elements were not labeled. The regional differences in the distribution of some NPY-containing neuron types may reflect adaptations of local neuronal circuits for specialized functions.
Heart Failure With Preserved Left Ventricular Systolic Function Among Patients With Non–ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes

Previous studies of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE ACSs) complicated by heart failure (HF) have focused primarily on patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction defined by an ejection fraction (EF) or =40%) in the NSTE ACS population. We identified high-risk patients with NSTE ACS (ischemic electrocardiographic changes and/or positive cardiac markers) from the CRUSADE quality improvement initiative who had an EF recorded and who had information on HF status. Management and outcomes were analyzed and compared based on the presence or absence of HF and whether left ventricular EF was > or =40%. Of 94,558 patients with NSTE ACS, 21,561 (22.8%) presented with signs of HF, and most had HF with preserved systolic function (n = 11,860, 55%). Mortality rates were 10.7% for HF/systolic dysfunction, 5.8% for HF/preserved systolic function, 5.7% for no HF/systolic dysfunction, and 1.5% for no HF/preserved systolic function. Use of guideline-recommended medical therapies and interventions was frequently significantly lower in those with HF regardless of EF compared with those without HF, except for use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. In conclusion, NSTE ACS complicated by HF with preserved systolic function is common and associated with a 2.3-fold higher mortality compared with NSTE ACS without HF or systolic dysfunction. Guideline-recommended therapies and interventions are under-utilized in patients with NSTE ACS and HF, with and without preserved systolic function, compared with those without HF.
THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE EXINE IN NIGELLA (RANUNCULACEAE)

The pollen morphology of eight species of Nigella (Ranunculaceae) was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The exomorphology of all species was identical: 3-colpate, spinulose, and punctate, but thin sections revealed two structural patterns. The ektexine structure of Nigella integrifolia, consisting of thickened foot layer, columellae, and thin tectum, is typical for the family as well as the order Ranunculales in general. In contrast, the remaining seven species, N. arvensis, N. damascena, N. elata, N. hispanica, N. sativa, N. segetalis, and N. stellaris, have an ektexine with an additional unit, a horizontal layer with shorter columellae, placed between the foot layer and tectum. Of all genera examined in the Ranunculaceae, only Nigella had this unusual stratification. This difference in the exine structure would add support to the treatment of N. integrifolia as a monotypic genus, Komaroffia integrifolia (Regel) Lemos Pereira.
A formal model for long range planning 2 assessment of opportunity and risk

Abstract In Part 2 of his article, James Hetrick describes—with actual examples, the use of mathematical techniques in comparing and evaluating opportunities for investment which involve risk and uncertainty. He stresses the need for a screening definition of an opportunity and the use of a consistent measure of return on capital. Then, with detailed examples, he discusses the measurement of risk, using the Monte Carlo method, and the balancing of risk on different projects, by the application of the Markowitz approach and Matrix Games.
A new algorithm for transforming exponential current ramp breakdown distributions into constant current TDDB space, and the implications for gate oxide Q/sub BD/ measurement methods

Charge-to-breakdown (Q/sub BD/) is one of the manufacturing parameters that is used as a measure of oxide quality. In this work, the influence of the measurement conditions on Q/sub BD/ is examined, as well as the relationship between Q/sub BD/ and oxide thickness. Using oxides ranging from 45 /spl Aring/ to 80 /spl Aring/, two Q/sub BD/ measurement methods are employed: constant current stress (CCS) and an exponential current ramp (ECR). A variety of current densities (for constant current stress) and step durations (for exponential current ramp) are studied. It is shown that not only does Q/sub BD/ depend on oxide thickness, but that Q/sub BD/ depends strongly on the measurement conditions, and that, depending on the test conditions, Q/sub BD/ can increase or decrease as the oxide thickness decreases. It is also shown that there is a strong agreement between the Q/sub BD/ measured with a constant current stress and the Q/sub BD/ measured with an exponential current ramp. Finally, an algorithm is proposed for transforming the Q/sub BD/ distribution obtained from a series of exponential current ramps into the Q/sub BD/ and/or t/sub BD/ domains of constant current stressing.
Network biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of movement disorders

Functional brain networks provide a set of useful biomarkers for the assessment of movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Spatial covariance analysis of imaging data from PD patients has led to the identification of abnormal metabolic patterns associated with the motor and cognitive features of this disease. Measurements of pattern expression have been used for diagnosis, assessment of rates of disease progression, and objective evaluation of the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. For instance, the recent identification of new disease-specific patterns for Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) has improved diagnostic accuracy in patients with parkinsonian syndromes. Further, disease-related networks have been found to be modulated by novel treatment strategies such as gene therapy. Finally, the application of network analysis to the study of inherited movement disorders such as Huntington's disease can aid in the assessment of disease-modifying therapies in pre-symptomatic gene mutation carriers.
Volume and thermodynamic profiles of CO-binding to Fe(II) protoporphyrin IX in detergent micelles

The focus of this study is to examine volume and thermodynamic profiles of ligand binding associated with CO–Fe(II) protoporphyrin IX (COFe(II)PPIX) encapsulated in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) micelles. Temperature-dependent photoacoustic calorimetry was employed to probe the thermodynamics and volume changes associated with CO-photolysis. The results of the acoustic analysis reveal an enthalpy associated with this process of −10.4±1.1 kcal mol−1. In addition, the analysis demonstrates that ligand photodissociation results in a volume increase of 3.1±0.3 ml mol−1 that occurs on a time scale <100 ns. The corresponding ligand recombination occurs with a pseudo-first order rate constant of (5.1±0.3)×104 s−1 (at 23°C). The enthalpy of activation (ΔH+) and activation volume (ΔV+) for CO recombination (determined from temperature/pressure dependent transient absorption spectroscopy) are found to be 18±1.9 kcal mol−1 and +3.7±0.7 ml mol−1, respectively. The volume changes are consistent with a high-spin heme within a ligand–porphyrin contact pair within the first 50 ns of photolysis. No additional changes are observed between <50 ns and ∼5 μs.
Elastic stress domains and the herringbone reconstruction on Au(111).

We suggest that the herringbone reconstruction of the Au(111) surface results from the spontaneous formation of ``stress domains.'' The surface is described theoretically by a 2D Frenkel-Kontorova model. Upon including long-range elastic interactions, the stress-domain pattern is energetically favored. The surface topography and structure factor obtained by relaxing atomic coordinates using molecular dynamics bear a strong resemblance to scanning tunneling microscopy pictures and x-ray scattering data, respectively. Our numerical estimate for the separation between domain walls is consistent with experimental results.
Anatomic studies of the cardiac conducting system in acute myocardial infarction

Abstract The anatomic changes in the cardiac conducting fibers were studied in 20 patients who developed atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction disturbances in the course of acute myocardial infarction. In 12 of these cases there was no apparent morphologic injury to the conducting fibers, and in 5 of 8 cases with focal necrosis of the conducting tissue the involvement was of relatively minor severity. These facts correlate with the transient nature of the conduction defect in most survivors.
Targeted correlation and the S0 surface of formaldehyde

Abstract We describe a quantum-mechanical procedure we call targeted correlation. With it, wavefunctions may be tailored to the description of certain processes so that the electron correlation of some bonds of a molecule may be treated accurately while maintaining a simpler, more economical description for others. We apply these ideas to a calculation of energies and geometries of the equilibrium and saddle-point positions in H 2 CO. Targeted correlation gives results in close agreement with both experiment and other theoretical values. Targeted correlation wavefunctions also provide new insight into the physical and chemical processes which determine saddle-point geometries and these are discussed.
Customizable Domain-Specific Computing

To meet computing needs and overcome power density limitations, the computing industry has entered the era of parallelization. However, highly parallel, general-purpose computing systems face serious challenges in terms of performance, energy, heat dissipation, space, and cost. We believe that there is significant opportunity to look beyond parallelization and focus on domain-specific customization to bring significant power-performance efficiency improvement.
Kinetics and likelihood of membrane rupture during electroporation

Abstract The rate of production of critical size pores resulting in membrane rupture in the presence of an applied transmembrane potential is modelled based on the theory of nucleation in condensed systems.
Analysis of the thermolytic action of ICV neurotensin in the rat at different ambient temperatures

Abstract Intracerebroventricular (ICV) cannulae were implanted chronically in adult female Sprague Dawley rats for central injection of neurotensin (NT) or artificial CSP vehicle. During experiments carried out at 48 hr intervals, the body temperature of each rat was monitored continuously by a thermistor probe inserted in the colon. At an ambient temperature of 22°C, NT infused ICV in a threshold dose of 1.5 μg caused a mean maximum fall of 0.9°C in the rats' body temperature. This decline in core temperature was enhanced further to 1.4°C when the rats were exposed to an ambient temperature of 4°C for 1.0 hr immediately after the NT infusion. Similarly, when the rats were exposed to 34°, 36° or 40°C, again for 1.0 hr directly after NT administration, core temperature increased to a maximum of 0.3° to 0.6° during this interval. The maximum hyperthermic response following the control ICV infusion of CSF in rats exposed to the same elevated ambient temperatures was slightly greater (0.2–0.3°C) than that after infusion of NT, because of the initial thermolytic effect produced by the peptide. However, the respective slope of each rise in body temperature in both NT and CSF groups during exposure to all three warm temperatures was nevertheless identical. Overall, the results show that in the animal given NT centrally the core temperature tends to follow the ambient temperature, either cold or warm. Thus, it is concluded that NT possesses a clear-cut poikilothermic action on the central neutral systems underlying the control of body temperature. Therefore, it remains uncertain whether NT in fact could play any role in the mechanism within the diencephalon which mediates normal thermoregulatory function.
Potassium ion controlled switching of intra- to intermolecular electron transfer in crown ether appended free-base porphyrin-fullerene donor-acceptor systems

Photoinduced electron transfer in intramolecularly interacting free-base porphyrin bearing one or four 18-crown-6 ether units at different positions of the porphyrin macrocycle periphery and pristine fullerene was investigated in polar benzonitrile and nonpolar o-dichlorobenzene and toluene solvents. Owing to the presence of two modes of binding, stable dyads were obtained in which the binding constants, K, were found to range between 4.2 × 103 and 10.4 × 103 M-1 from fluorescence quenching data depending upon the location and number of crown ether entities on the porphyrin macrocycle and the solvent. Computational studies using the B3LYP/3-21G(*) method were employed to arrive at the geometry and electronic structure of the intramolecular dyads. The energetics of the redox states of the dyads were established from cyclic voltammetric studies. Under the intramolecular conditions, both the steady-state and time-resolved emission studies revealed efficient quenching of the singlet excited free-base porphyri...
Molecular dynamics simulation of two photon-absorbing polyimides: Evidence for the formation of intra- and inter-chain dimers

Abstract The two photon-absorbing (2PA) chromophore diphenylamino-diethylfluorene-benzothiazole was recently incorporated into a new series of polyimides that form clear, heat-resistant films. Although the chromophore is fluorescent, the polyimides are not fluorescent when in solution or in the solid state. While the two-photon response remains undiminished for both nanosecond and femtosecond timescales in solution, nearly an order of magnitude increase in nanosecond two-photon response was observed in the solid state. In order to better understand 2PA in excited-state dimers of this class of polyimide, we explored dimerization in the ground-state, either within the polymer chain or inter-molecularly among chains. We built models of polyimides at experimental density and performed classical molecular dynamics simulations. Analyses using spatial orientation correlation functions suggest that ground state dimers composed of π-stacked chromophore pairs or chromophore-phthalimide moieties form within chains and between chains. Dimer conformations obtained from the molecular dynamics trajectories are also consistent with our analyses.
Megaloblastic anemia and the requirement for folic acid in the cebus monkey (Cebus albifrons).

To study the development of folic acid deficiency, nine 3-year-old cebus monkeys (Cebus albifrons) were fed purified diets containing varying amounts of added folic acid. Monkeys fed the diet without added vitamin stopped growing and then lost weight. Macrocytic anemia and leukopenia developed, and megaloblastic changes were observed in precursors of both erythrocytes and leukocytes in the bone marrow. Urinary excretion of formiminoglutamic acid was increased significantly in these animals compared with controls. Repletion of deficient animals with injections of folic acid caused a rapid weight increase and reversed the hematological and biochemical abnormalities. It was estimated that the minimal folic acid requirement for adequate growth and normal hematological parameters was between 45 and 75 μg/kg body weight/day. To allow for needs above the minimal requirement, purified diets for cebus monkeys should be formulated to provide at least 150 μg of folic acid/kg body weight/day.
13C NMR studies of in vivo kinetic rates of metabolic processes

Abstract 13 C NMR has been used to follow 13 C labeling in suspensions of yeast cells, and in perfused mouse livers. Using [1- 13 C]glucose and [6- 13 C]glucose label scrambling can be observed to occur during yeast glycolysis, both in fructose-1,6-diphosphate, and in trehalose A quantitative analysis of the scrambling patterns allows one to obtain information about the kinetics of the aldolase/TPI triangle, and of futile cycling through PFK and through Fru-1,6-P 2 ,-ase. It is shown that the scrambling of the 13 C label is different for aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis. This information can be used to study the effect of oxygen upon the kinetic rates of the TPI/aldolase part of the pathway. Gluconeogenesis has been studied in yeast, using [2- 13 C]acetate as a substrate, and in perfused mouse liver by using [3- 13 C]alanine and [2- 13 C]ethanol. The appearance of the label could be followed in aminoacids, intermediates, and in the end-product of gluconeogenesis. From the labeling patterns information is obtained about the flow of the label through the various pathways. These experiments demonstrate that 13 C NMR is a valuable technique to study the rate of metabolic processes in vivo .
The Aggregate Demand for Treasury Debt

Investors value the liquidity and safety of US Treasuries. We document this by showing that changes in Treasury supply have large effects on a variety of yield spreads. As a result, Treasury yields are reduced by 73 basis points, on average, from 1926 to 2008. Both the liquidity and safety attributes of Treasuries are driving this phenomenon. We document this by analyzing the spread between assets with different liquidity (but similar safety) and those with different safety (but similar liquidity). The low yield on Treasuries due to their extreme safety and liquidity suggests that Treasuries in important respects are similar to money.
Light scattering from metamagnetic domains in dysprosium aluminum garnet

Abstract Light scattering techniques have been used to study the behavior of dysprosium aluminum garnet near the “wing” critical point which is found for magnetic fields applied along a {111} direction. The extent of the mixed phase region and the critical exponent β have been determined.
New Methods in Statistical Economics

An interesting relationship between the methods in this chapter and renormalization as understood by physicists is described in the Annotation for the physicists that follows this text.
On Some Aspects of Prayer in the Bible

The root metaphor of God's kingship appears to have been the most fertile of those applied to God in the Bible. Although this metaphor was commonly applied to deities in the ancient Near East, in Israel it bore unique fruits. The seriousness with which it was taken is manifested in Israel's unique conception of her relation with God as a covenant with a suzerain. Conformably, Israel viewed her title to her land as a grant from the suzerain. Her prophets were pictured as royal messengers or ambassadors. Similarly expressive of God's kingship is the Israelite concept of divine authorship of laws, a role reserved for kings elsewhere in the ancient Near East.
Maintaining Equilibrium by Selective Targeting of Cyclooxygenase Pathways: Promising Offensives Against Vascular Injury

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in most Western countries. Vascular abnormalities associated with cardiovascular disease are attributable to a variety of risk factors, including hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia, lipotoxicity, obesity, aging, and tobacco smoke.1,2 Importantly, altered ·NO bioavailability is a major underlying mechanism linking each of these risk factors. Indeed, the endothelium is recognized as a pivotal regulator of vascular function by maintaining homeostatic levels of ·NO and prostanoids derived from arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism.3 Eicosanoids, synthesized from unsaturated fatty acids, are biologically active molecules that play a wide range of regulatory roles in the cardiovascular, renal, immune, and gastrointestinal systems.4 Alterations in their biosyntheses can promote hypertension, diabetes, and, in particular, atherosclerosis, an inflammatory disease characterized by the accretion of fat-laden plaques in the arterial wall that can lead to vasoocclusive events. During atherogenesis, eicosanoid production (from the cyclooxygenases [COXs], lipoxygenases [LOXs], and cytochrome P450s pathways) is altered by mechanisms that are not yet well understood. The dichotomous nature of eicosanoids requires that their balance is maintained, and, as such, these pathways are a relevant therapeutic target against cardiovascular disease.5 Thus, it is now appreciated that cardiovascular disease can be triggered by an absolute deficiency of ·NO and/or an imbalance between “beneficial” and “harmful” eicosanoids in the vasculature and that these pathways are mutually interactive. In this review we consider pharmacological therapies possessing the potential for greater safety and efficacy than nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the treatment of chronic vasoinflammatory conditions. Fundamental physiological distinctions are now recognized for the structurally similar enzymes, COX-1 and COX-2. Constitutively expressed COX-1 is found in almost all of the tissues where it subserves diverse physiological functions. Basal expression of COX-2 is limited to the kidney, brain, and reproductive system4 but can be …
Alcohol use disorders in relatives of patients with panic disorder

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to use data from a family study of anxiety disorders to examine the familial association between alcohol use disorders and panic disorder (PD), controlling for alcohol use disorders in the proband. Method Data from a family study of anxiety disorders were used to compare rates of alcohol use disorders in the relatives of 3 proband groups (PD with lifetime alcohol use disorders, PD without lifetime alcohol use disorders, and not-ill controls). Results There was a significantly higher rate (12%) of alcohol use disorders among the relatives of PD probands compared with relatives of controls (5%), even in the absence of alcohol use disorders in the proband and after adjusting for differences in sociodemographic characteristics and lifetime drug use disorders ( χ 2 = 5.4; df = 1; P = .02). Anxiety symptoms were more frequent among the male relatives of panic probands who received an alcohol diagnosis, compared with those who did not have alcohol use disorders (10/25 vs 22/111; χ 2 = 4.6; df = 1; P = .03). A similar pattern was found in women (8/11 vs 63/156; χ 2 = 4.4; df = 1; P = .036). Conclusions These findings suggest a familial association between PD and alcohol use disorders. Future studies with more refined alcohol diagnoses are needed to replicate and investigate the mechanism of this association.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE C-17 FORMATION AIRDROP ELEMENT GEOMETRY

The analysis and tests that determined the C-17 three ship element geometry suitable for formation airdrop operations at night are discussed. The objective is to avoid jumpers encountering vortices generated from aircraft upstream. A measure of merit is developed based on the closest predicted lateral proximity between a vortex and a jumper. The geometry tested underwent two changes during the course of the test, due to the introduction of tolerance boxes for aircraft position and vortex encounters which occurred during early testing. An echelon geometry 6000 ft long and 1500 ft wide was ultimately adopted. In 101 passes over the drop zone, 1349 mannequins and 1251 personnel were dropped from this formation geometry without vortex encounter. NOMENCLATURE b Wing span DM Formation design margin, eq. (1) DZ Drop zone ti Parachute opening time V Aircraft velocity, ft/sec X Downstream distance between aircraft, ft Y Lateral distance between aircraft, ft, positive to starboard