cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Response to Complex Ground Motions of Seismometers with Galperin Sensor Configuration

Most seismological instruments recording ground motion use three sensors oriented north, east, and upward. In this cardinal configuration horizontal and vertical sensors differ in their construction because of the gravitational acceleration affecting the vertical sensor. An alternative sensor arrangement was first introduced by Galperin (1955) for petroleum exploration. In this arrangement three identical sensors are also positioned orthogonally to each other but are tilted at the same angle of 54.7° to the vertical axis (an orthogonal triaxial system of coordinates balanced on its corner). Records obtained using this sensor configuration must be rotated into an Earth referenced cardinal X , Y , Z coordinate system for most analyses. A number of recent seismological instruments (e.g., STS-2 and Trillium seismometers) use Galperin sensor configuration. In most seismological studies it is assumed that the rotational components of earthquake ground motion are small enough to be neglected. However, examples of significant rotational components have been noted (e.g., Bouchon and Aki, 1982; Graizer, 1991; Takeo, 1998; Huang, 2003; Zahradnik and Plesinger, 2005; Cochard et al. , 2006; Graizer, 2006a; Schreiber et al. , 2006; Spudich and Fletcher, 2008). The response of pendulums when installed in a cardinal configuration to input motions that include rotations has been studied in a number of publications (Golitzin, 1912; Rodgers, 1968; Wong and Trifunac, 1977; Graizer, 1991; Todorovska, 1998; Trifunac and Todorovska, 2001; Graizer, 2005, 2006b; Graizer and Kalkan, 2008). This article considers the response to input motions of pendulums in a Galperin sensor configuration as well as the resulting cardinal orientation system response. Given the benefits of identical designs for all three sensors in a Galperin configuration, this geometry may be useful for strong-motion measurements as well. The disadvantage of this sensor configuration is that if any of the sensors is not working properly or there are misalignments of sensor axes, then all three cardinal components are degraded.
Axisymmetric, Primitive Equation, Spectral Tropical Cyclone Model. Part II: Normal Mode Initialization

Abstract A three-layer, primitive equation tropical cyclone model is used to test the effect of nonlinear normal mode initialization (NNMI) in a tropical cyclone simulation. The model is solved using a spectral method with normal mode basis functions. Results from a six-day tropical cyclone simulation are used as initial data to test the NNMI. It is shown that Machenhauer’s NNMI scheme converges rapidly under tropical cyclone conditions when the dissipative and convective terms are not included in the nonlinear forcing (adiabatic initialization). When these terms are included (diabatic initialization), Machenhauer’s scheme no longer converges, but can still reduce the initial gravity mode time tendencies to an acceptable level. The radial winds produced by the diabatic initialization are qualitatively similar to those in the control simulation, but the positioning of the convective heating with respect to the radius of maximum wind is somewhat different. Because of this, the errors in the storm intensity ...
On scalable lossless video coding based on sub-pixel accurate MCTF

We propose two approaches to scalable lossless coding of motion video. They achieve SNR-scalable bitstream up to lossless reconstruction based upon the subpixel-accurate MCTF-based wavelet video coding. The first approach is based upon a two-stage encoding strategy where a lossy reconstruction layer is augmented by a following residual layer in order to obtain (nearly) lossless reconstruction. The key advantages of our approach include an 'on-the-fly' determination of bit budget distribution between the lossy and the residual layers, freedom to use almost any progressive lossy video coding scheme as the first layer and an added feature of near-lossless compression. The second approach capitalizes on the fact that we can maintain the invertibility of MCTF with an arbitrary sub-pixel accuracy even in the presence of an extra truncation step for lossless reconstruction thanks to the lifting implementation. Experimental results show that the proposed schemes achieve compression ratios not obtainable by intra-frame coders such as Motion JPEG-2000 thanks to their inter-frame coding nature. Also they are shown to outperform the state-of-the-art non-scalable inter-frame coder H.264 (JM) lossless mode, with the added benefit of bitstream embeddedness.
Synthesis of band and model Hamiltonian theory for hybridizing cerium systems.

The unusual magnetic behavior of the heavier Ce monopnictides may be understood on the basis of a model Hamiltonian for a system of moderately delocalized f states hybridizing with band states. The parameters entering the theory have previously been taken as phenomenological input. We present a first-principles calculation of the parameters in the model Hamiltonian based on self-consistent, warped--muffin-tin, linear muffin-tin-orbital (LMTO) band structures calculated for CeBi, CeSb, CeAs, and CeP. With the self-consistent potential, we calculate the bands and the band-f hybridization matrix element entering the Anderson lattice Hamiltonian. The band-f hybridization potential is derived from the 4${f}_{5/2}$ resonance in the potential surrounding a Ce site; the f-state energy with respect to the band Fermi energy and the f-f correlation energy U are estimated by averaging f-state eigenvalues of ${f}^{0}$, ${f}^{1}$, and ${f}^{2}$ Ce configurations. The result is used to calculate the anomalous crystal-field splitting of the Ce 4${f}_{5/2}$ manifold predicted by the model Hamiltonian for the Ce monopnictides. Due to the structure of the cubic symmetry group, band-f hybridization has a greater effect on the ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{8}$ quartet than on the ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{7}$ doublet of the 4${f}_{5/2}$ manifold, and the reduction of the splitting of the crystal-field levels from that expected on extrapolation from the isostructural heavier rare-earth monopnictides may be understood quantitatively on this basis. Our quantitative results are in good agreement with experimental values. We also calculate the range functions describing the anisotropic magnetic behavior of CeBi and CeSb, in fair agreement with phenomenological parameters fitted to data on those materials.
Efficient implementation of many-body quantum chemical methods on the intel® xeon phi™ coprocessor

This paper presents the implementation and performance of the highly accurate CCSD(T) quantum chemistry method on the Intel® Xeon Phi™ coprocessor within the context of the NWChem computational chemistry package. The widespread use of highly correlated methods in electronic structure calculations is contingent upon the interplay between advances in theory and the possibility of utilizing the ever-growing computer power of emerging heterogeneous architectures. We discuss the design decisions of our implementation as well as the optimizations applied to the compute kernels and data transfers between host and coprocessor. We show the feasibility of adopting the Intel® Many Integrated Core Architecture and the Intel Xeon Phi coprocessor for developing efficient computational chemistry modeling tools. Remarkable scalability is demonstrated by benchmarks. Our solution scales up to a total of 62560 cores with the concurrent utilization of Intel® Xeon® processors and Intel Xeon Phi coprocessors.
Additive and Base Oil Effects in Automatic Particle Counters

The U.S. Military specifies the use of Mil-PRF-2104 engine oil in the hydraulic system of certain nontactical military vehicles. Skid-steer loaders and other heavy equipment also use engine oils in their hydraulic systems. These vehicles are required to meet roll-off cleanliness specifications in order to improve hydraulic equipment reliability. Automatic particle counters are used to verify the cleanliness of these systems. Occasionally, particle counters detect phantom particles that cannot be removed by filtration. This paper examines the possible role of base oil and additive selection in the appearance of phantom counts. Filtered Group I and Group III base oils were doped with the components of an engine oil formulation. Particle levels were monitored before and after filtration using an on-line automatic particle counter. The results show that base oil selection has minimal bearing upon appearance of phantom counts while additive selection is a significant factor. Results from three different particle counters are compared. Two laser particle counters that operate by the light-blockage principle were found to produce phantom counts from polydimethylsiloxane antifoam additives. A direct-imaging laser particle counter classified antifoam particles as water droplets and was less susceptible to phantom particle interferences from silicone antifoam additives.
Ferroelastic Domain Switching in Polydomain Tetragonal Zirconia Single Crystals

As-received, yttria-doped (4.2 wt% Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}) single crystals of zirconia were heated to {ge}2100{degrees}C in air. Cube-shaped samples with faces perpendicular to (100) axes on the basis of the pseudocubic symetry were cut from the crystals. X-ray and electron diffraction indicate that the crystals are polydomain with (001) axes, on the basis of the tetragonal symmetry, in three mutually orthogonal directions (perpendicular to the cube faces). The cube-shaped crystals were tested in compression at temperatures as high as 1400{degrees}C. X-ray diffraction indicated that ferroelastic domains underwent reorientation (switching) in compression. Subsequently, notched samples with the long direction of the beams along (100) on the basis of the pseudocubic symmetry were fractured in three-point bending at temperatures as high as 1000{degrees}C. X-ray diffraction from fracture surfaces showed that domain reorientation had occurred and that no monoclinic phase was observed on fracture or ground surfaces. The fracture toughness at room temperature and at 1000{degrees} was {approximately}12 and {approximately}8 MPa {center dot} m{sup 1/2}, respectively. Preliminary experiments on polycrystalline tetragonal zirconia samples containing 5.4 wt% Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} and sintered at {>=}2100{degrees}C also showed no evidence of the monoclinic phase on fracture or ground surfaces. The toughness of the polycrystalline samples wasmore » typically 7.7 NPa {center dot} m{sup 1/2}. These results indicate that ferroelastic domain switching can occur during fracture and may contribute to toughness.« less
Regional differences in the characteristics of elderly return migrants.

Data from the 1980 U.S. census are examined for regional patterns in characteristics among return migrants. "We examined return migrants age 60+ and argue that...they fall into two primary types of movers: provincial return migrants and counterstream return migrants. When profiled as a whole...return migrants are older and more residentially dependent than nonreturn migrants....Provincial return migration seems strongest in the South...and counterstream return migration seems strongest in the Northeast. Conceivably it is not a return to ones state of birth that is at issue among counterstream migrants but rather a return from a Sunbelt retirement move to an earlier place of residence regardless of whether one was born there." Ethnic differences among migrants are considered. (EXCERPT)
New Principle For Image Enhancement In Single Layer Positive Photoresists

Positive photoresists containing a dissolution inhibitor as the photoactive compound (PAC) are potentially high resolution materials. For the case of PAC materials with two or more diazonaphthoquinone (DAQ) groups attached to the same ballast molecule (a poly-DAQ PAC), the DAQ groups can photolyze essentially independently in a sequential manner to form a distribution of photoproducts containing both DAQ groups and indene-carboxylic acid groups (ICA) bonded to the ballast molecule, and ultimately, a poly-ICA photoproduct. Equations are deduced for the concentrations of these photoproducts with dose. Dissolution rate is taken to be a function of the relative contributions of each photoproduct to the dissolution rate. These equations show that poly-DAQ PACs can enhance resolution, with maximum resolution occurring in the specific case of ideal selectivity: when the poly-ICA photoproduct has a large contribution to the dissolution rate and the intermediate photoproducts have a negligible contribution to the dissolution rate. This process we call "Polyphotolysis"*. The difficulty in approaching ideal selectivity is discussed in terms of dissolution rates required to maintain photospeed. Polyphotolysis is experimentally demonstrated for a resist with ideal selectivity. Analytical expressions for approximate treatment of gamma, E0 and absorption are,given as a function of PAC functionality. SAMPLE has been modified to include these basic equations and model profiles are generated. These profiles are compared with experimental patterned resists in which the number of DAQ groups per ballast molecule have been varied between 1 and 6.
Thermal Inactivation of Clostridium botulinum Toxin Types F and G in Buffer and in Beef and Mushroom Patties

The time-temperature relationships for the inactivation of crude toxins prepared from Clostridium botulinum type F strain Wall 8 and type G strain G89 were determined in three different heating menstrua. Toxins dilated to 7,700–32,000 mouse LD50 units/0.5 ml in beef and mushroom patties (pH 6.05), in 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 6.05), and in 00.1M acetate buffer (pH 5.0) were heated at temperatures from 65.6–76.7°C. In the beef patties, inactivation times ranged from an average of 108.1–1.6 min for type F toxin, and from an average of 158.8–1.8 min for type G toxin. Less time was required in phosphate buffer.
Joshua K. Ingalls, American Individualist: Land Reformer, Opponent of Henry George and Advocate of Land Leasing, Now an Established Mode

. Joshua K. Ingalls was a member of a particularly cohesive group of 19th century intellectual iconoclasts in America, the individualists. Two controversies made him widely known at the time: the land reform vs. abolition argument before the Civil War, and his attacks on Henry George in the 1880s over the issue of land reform through tax reform or land reform through land leasing under an occupancy and use system of tenure. Ingalls held George failed to understand the “true” nature of capitalism; rent goes to the landlord as capitalist as reward for his investment; the landowning capitalist appropriates this by his dominion over the land. Though Ingalls’ argument did not prevail, land leasing, which he advocated, is the form in which some resources are now disposed of, as in grazing rights and mineral exploration on public land, and in oil exploration rights on the continental shelves; and in the disposition of urban sites such as the site of Rockefeller Center and the Chrysler Building in New York (the former to the benefit of Columbia University, the latter Cooper Union, both by legislative action).
Extended cyclosporine delivery by silicone–hydrogel contact lenses

Cyclosporine A (CyA) is effective in treating chronic dry eyes and contact lens mediated dry eyes. CyA is delivered through eye drops of an oil-in-water emulsion, which has a small residence time in the eyes, leading to low bioavailability. Here we explore delivery of CyA from contact lenses to provide controlled and extended drug delivery with an increased bioavailability due to enhanced ocular residence time. Loading and release profiles of CyA from commercial contact lenses are presented to show that 1-DAY ACUVUE® releases CyA for about a day and extended wear silicone hydrogel (SiH) lenses release CyA for about 2-weeks. The longer duration from SiH lenses compared to the 1-DAY ACUVUE®lens is due to larger partition coefficients in the gel. A novel approach is presented for increasing release duration from the SiH lenses to the desired 1-month through incorporation of Vitamin E. The results show that Vitamin E loaded lenses can provide CyA release within the therapeutic window for a period of about a month. This pilot study demonstrates the promising potential of delivering CyA from contact lens for treatment of chromic dry eyes and contact lens mediated dry eyes.
Selection of dilatation hardware for ptca-1985

Selection of the proper dilatation hardware in performing coronary angioplasty will facilitate the procedure, minimize its cost, and enhance its safety. Over the past 3 years, there has been an acceleration of growth in PTCA catheter and wire technology. We evaluated all currently approved dilatation systems as well as some investigational equipment and herein discuss their relative merits and disadvantages. To aid in operator selection of equipment, the concept of a risk:benefit ratio of potential for intimal trauma vs maximal back-up support is introduced. This information combined with objective data may be helpful in choosing the optimal dilatation equipment, which must be highly individualized for operator preferences and for each patient and his respective coronary anatomy.
Automatic detection of unnatural word-level segments in unit-selection speech synthesis

We investigate the problem of automatically detecting unnatural word-level segments in unit selection speech synthesis. We use a large set of features, namely, target and join costs, language models, prosodic cues, energy and spectrum, and Delta Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF), and we report comparative results between different feature types and their combinations. We also compare three modeling methods based on Support Vector Machines (SVMs), Random Forests, and Conditional Random Fields (CRFs). We then discuss our results and present a comprehensive error analysis.
The association between ketamine given for prehospital chemical restraint with intubation and hospital admission

Abstract Introduction Intramuscular ketamine has become increasingly popular for prehospital chemical restraint of severely agitated or violent patients because of its favorable adverse effect profile, rapid onset, and wide therapeutic window. However, there is currently no literature quantifying the need for intubation or hospital admission for these patients once they reach the emergency department. Methods Medical records for patients receiving prehospital ketamine who were transported to a single level 1 trauma center were abstracted. Ketamine dose, patient weight, final disposition, and presence of intubation were recorded. Exclusion criteria were missing dose or weight and ketamine given for an indication other than chemical restraint. Statistical analysis was preformed with unadjusted Student t test. Statistical significance was defined as P Results A convenience sample of 51 consecutive patients was identified with 2 excluded because of missing data, leaving 49 for analysis. Ketamine dosing ranged from 2.25 to 9.42 mg/kg (mean, 5.26 ± 1.65 mg/kg). Significant differences were noted between those who required intubation (n = 14) and those who did not (n = 35) (6.16 ± 1.62 mg/kg vs 4.90 ± 1.54 mg/kg, P = .02). No patients were intubated prehospital. There was an increased dose in patients admitted to a medical ward (57%, 28/49) that approached statistical significance (5.62 ± 1.80 vs 4.78 ± 1.31, P = .06). Conclusion Intubation was observed in our emergency department in 29% of patients administered intramuscular ketamine for prehospital chemical restraint. There was a positive association between higher ketamine doses and both endotracheal intubation and hospital admission. Future research should aim to define the minimum effective ketamine dose for successful chemical restraint.
Regulation of Cell Wall Biogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: The Cell Wall Integrity Signaling Pathway

The yeast cell wall is a strong, but elastic, structure that is essential not only for the maintenance of cell shape and integrity, but also for progression through the cell cycle. During growth and morphogenesis, and in response to environmental challenges, the cell wall is remodeled in a highly regulated and polarized manner, a process that is principally under the control of the cell wall integrity (CWI) signaling pathway. This pathway transmits wall stress signals from the cell surface to the Rho1 GTPase, which mobilizes a physiologic response through a variety of effectors. Activation of CWI signaling regulates the production of various carbohydrate polymers of the cell wall, as well as their polarized delivery to the site of cell wall remodeling. This review article centers on CWI signaling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae through the cell cycle and in response to cell wall stress. The interface of this signaling pathway with other pathways that contribute to the maintenance of cell wall integrity is also discussed.
PROSPECTS FOR THE NEW GERMANY: READING THE HISTORICAL EVIDENCE, 1945–60 AND 1989–91

(1991). Prospects For The New Germany: Reading The Historical Evidence, 1945–60 and 1989–91. The Historian: Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 19-34.
New evidence of salary discrimination in major league baseball

Abstract Salary discrimination in MLB has largely been discarded as a research topic. However traditional quantitative methods (particularly least squares regression) have concentrated on the effect of race for the average player. If only a particular salary class of players are subject to discrimination, or if the size of the discrimination is small at the average, then least-squares techniques will struggle to identify discrimination. I use quantile regression to uncover salary discrimination against black players in the lower half of the salary distribution. Not only are the premia for white and Hispanic players statistically significant, but they are large: up to 25% of salary for the bottom quintile of players.
Distinct Rates of Palmitate Turnover on Membrane-bound Cellular and Oncogenic H-Ras

H-Ras displays dynamic cycles of GTP binding and palmitate turnover. GTP binding is clearly coupled to activation, but whether the palmitoylated COOH terminus participates in signaling, especially when constrained by membrane tethering, is unknown. As a way to compare COOH termini of membrane-bound, lipid-modified H-Ras, palmitate removal rates were measured for various forms of H-Ras in NIH 3T3 cells. Depalmitoylation occurred slowly (t½ ∼2.4 h) in cellular (H-RasWT) or dominant negative (H-Ras17N) forms and more rapidly (t½ ∼1 h) in oncogenic H-Ras61L or H-RasR12,T59. Combining this data with GTP binding measurements, the palmitate half-life of H-Ras in the fully GTP-bound state was estimated to be less than 10 min. Slow palmitate removal from cellular H-Ras was not explained by sequestration in caveolae, as neither cellular nor oncogenic H-Ras showed alignment with caveolin by immunofluorescence. Conversely, although it had faster palmitate removal, oncogenic H-Ras was located in the same fractions as H-RasWT on four types of density gradients, and remained fully membrane-bound. Thus the different rates of deacylation occurred even though oncogenic and cellular H-Ras appeared to be in similar locations. Instead, these results suggest that acylprotein thioesterases access oncogenic H-Ras more easily because the conformation of its COOH terminus against the membrane is altered. This previously undetected difference could help produce distinctive effector interactions and signaling of oncogenic H-Ras.
Effect of antral instillation of bile salts on fasting serum gastrin levels.

There have been several reports that bile salts instilled into a dog's alkalinized antral pouch cause acid secretion in a denervated fundic pouch. Antral gastrin release was assumed, but serum gastrin levels were not measured. In a randomized crossover study, serum gastrin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay during the infusion of a solution of bile salts (5 mM, pH 5.5, 280 mOsm, 37° C), or an identical saline solution without bile salts, into the pH-controlled (5.5), antrum of 8 volunteers. The mean baseline serum gastrin level (±se) was 18.7±1.0 and 20.5±0.9 pg/ml for the bile salt and control periods, respectively (NS). The serum gastrin rose promptly after bile salt infusion, but not after saline. The mean (±se) integrated gastrin response was 81±17 pg · min/ml during the bile salt infusions, but essentially zero (−3.3±22 pg · min/ml) during control infusions (P<0.02). The 40% rise in serum gastrin in the initial 15-min bile salt period was higher than in the control period (P=0.016). Thus we have shown, for the first time an increase in serum gastrin during the antral instillation of bile salts in man. The potential physiologic and/or patholgic importance of this finding has not been established.
Chitosan Acetate Bandage as a Topical Antimicrobial Dressing for Infected Burns

An engineered chitosan acetate bandage preparation (HemCon) is used as a hemostatic dressing, and its chemical structure suggests that it should also be antimicrobial. We previously showed that when a chitosan acetate bandage was applied to full-thickness excisional wounds in mice that had been infected with pathogenic bioluminescent bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, and Staphylococcus aureus), it was able to rapidly kill the bacteria and save the mice from developing fatal infections. Wound healing was also stimulated. In the present study, we asked whether a chitosan acetate bandage could act as a topical antimicrobial dressing when it was applied to third-degree burns in mice contaminated with two of these bacterial species (P. aeruginosa and P. mirabilis). Preliminary experiments established the length of burn time and the number of bacteria needed to produce fatal infections in untreated mice and established that the chitosan acetate bandage could adhere to the infected burn for up to 21 days. In the case of P. aeruginosa infections, the survival rate of mice treated with the chitosan acetate bandage was 73.3% (whereas the survival rate of mice treated with a nanocrystalline silver dressing was 27.3% [P = 0.0055] and that of untreated mice was 13.3% [P < 0.0002]). For P. mirabilis infections, the comparable survival rates were 66.7%, 62.5%, and 23.1% respectively. Quantitative bioluminescent signals showed that the chitosan acetate bandage effectively controlled the growth of bacteria in the burn and prevented the development of systemic sepsis, as shown by blood culture. These data suggest that chitosan acetate bandage is efficacious in preventing fatal burn infections.
Further studies in aesthetic field theory. II: Equations fore αi

In a previous paper (Muraskin, 1973), we obtained a bounded particle in ‘aesthetic’ field theory. The field equations there are implied by a set of equations for a system of basis vector variables,e αi . In this paper, we propose a simpler set of field equations fore αi . We find that a bounded particle solution to the equations still appears (as determined by axes runs). The particle appears basically similar to the particle found previously.
Effect of paraoxon on erythrocyte metabolism as measured by oxygen uptake in vitro

1. Oxygen consumption in vitro and persistence in the general circulation of rabbit erythrocytes treated with the cholinesterase inhibitor paraoxon were determined.2. Paraoxon in vitro reduced oxygen consumption below a measureable level within 2 hours. By contrast, the metabolic inhibitor N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) produced complete inhibition within 15 minutes.3. Erythrocytes from rabbits orally dosed with parathion also exhibited marked depression of oxygen consumption.4. Glutathione (GSH) restored oxygen uptake to pretreatment levels within 15 min in erythrocytes previously inhibited with NEM or paraoxon.5. Erythrocytes treated with NEM were rapidly removed from the general circulation while paraoxon treated cells were removed at a rate comparable to untreated cells.
Investigating the Effects of Daily Inventory Record Inaccuracy in Multichannel Retailing

Inventory record inaccuracy (IRI) challenges multichannel retailers in fulfilling both brick-and-mortar and direct channel demands from their distribution centers. The nature and damaging effects of IRI largely go unnoticed because retailers assume daily IRI remains stable over time within the replenishment cycle. While research shows that a high level of IRI is damaging, in reality the level of IRI can change every day. We posit that daily IRI variation increases the uncertainty in the system to negatively affect inventory and service levels. Our research uses data collected daily from a multichannel retailer to ground a discrete-event simulation experiment. Going beyond testing just the level of IRI, we evaluate daily IRI variation's impact on operating performance. What we find in our empirical data challenges extant assumptions regarding the characteristics of IRI. In addition, our simulation results reveal that daily IRI variation has a paradoxical effect: it increases inventory levels while also decreasing service levels. Moreover, we also reveal that brick-and-mortar and direct channels are impacted differently. Our findings show that assumptions and practices that ignore daily IRI variation need revising. For managers, we demonstrate how periods of multiday counting help assess their daily IRI variation and indicate what the causes may be.
Selected Scheduling Systems

Over the last three decades hundreds of scheduling systems have been developed. These developments have taken place in industry and in academia in many countries. An up-to-date list or annotated bibliography of all systems most likely does not exist. However, several survey papers have been written describing a number of systems
Parallelization of two breadth-first search-based applications using different message-passing paradigms: an experimental evaluation

We present experimental results for parallelizing two breadth-first search-based applications on the CM-5 by using two different message-passing paradigms, one based on send/receive and the other based on active messages. The parallelization of these applications requires fine-grained communication. Our results show that the active messages-based implementation gives significant improvement over the send/receive-based implementation. The improvements can primarily be attributed to the lower latency of the active messages implementation. >
Data-intensive analysis and control of flexible pointing systems with PZT actuators

We research cornerstone aspects in the design, modeling, analysis, and optimization of pointing systems. Specifically, the major objectives are encompassed on development of high-performance high-precision pointing systems with surface-mounted piezoelectric (PZT) actuators and MEMS. Pointing systems are flexible, and it is inherently difficult to stabilize and control the flexible modes and guarantee accurate pointing. Therefore, advanced actuation and sensing hardware and design paradigms must be developed and implemented. This paper focuses on the application of the PZT actuators, MEMS and high torque density brushless servomotors to attain the desired objectives. These novel actuators and sensors integrated with high-performance electronics. Performance assessment is performed through high-fidelity modeling, heterogeneous simulations, data-intensive analysis, experiments and characterizations. Robust control algorithms are designed and implemented with the ultimate objective to improve the performance, e.g., efficiency, accuracy, stability, settling time, fast retargeting, etc. Far-reaching multidisciplinary research and multi-objective optimization of interactions between beam-mechanical structures-actuators-sensors-electronics/ICs are performed. It is illustrated that advanced actuators, sensors, ICs and DSPs must be used to achieve the objectives. In particular, PZT actuators and brushless servomotors guarantee high-accuracy fast positioning, rapid retargeting and vibration attenuation. Devising of pointing system (mechanical and electronic design includes actuation and sensing hardware developments, discovery and implementation of novel actuators and sensors, optimization their location and number, integration of actuators-sensors-ICs-DSPs), analysis, modeling, design and optimization are fundamental problems. These problems are addressed and solved. This paper documents the innovative results in modeling, analysis, and control of high-performance pointing systems.
Combat and herbicide exposures in Vietnam among a sample of American Legionnaires

A cross-sectional survey of 6810 randomly selected members of The American Legion in six states who served in the U.S. Armed Forces during the Vietnam Era was conducted by a mailed questionnaire. Combat stress was evaluated by a previously validated eight-item scale. Exposure to Agent Orange and other herbicides was estimated via exposure probability index previously developed by the authors which uses an algorithm based on the combined Air Force and Joint Services HERBS files of spray data. Two-fifths of the men had served in Southeast Asia, generally at the same time during which the major proportion of herbicides were used; the remaining subjects served elsewhere. Both combat and Agent Orange exposure exhibited distinct, meaningful distributions among Vietnam veterans with service in Southeast Asia and were also correlated with each other (r = 0.24). Our analysis demonstrates conclusively that mere presence in Vietnam cannot be used as a proxy for exposure to Agent Orange. Categorization of Vietnam veterans according to herbicide exposure can be successfully accomplished, based on an existing detailed herbicide application data base. This analysis, together with the consistent dose-related results obtained in this series of papers on health and behavioral effects, demonstrates the utility of questionnaire-derived herbicide and combat exposure measures for epidemiologic study of Vietnam veterans.
Variable-rate coded MQAM for fading channels

Proposes a variable-rate coded modulation technique for narrowband fading channels, where channel state information is available to both the transmitter and receiver. The technique can be applied to either trellis or block codes. The basic premise is to adjust the size of the transmit signal constellation relative to the fade depth via power control. Specifically, channel coding gain is achieved through binary encoding and subset partitioning, while the size of the transmit constellation is adjusted to maximize the data rate. The author presents analytical performance results for the coding technique, and compares it with built-in time diversity coded modulation, which assumes no channel information at the transmitter.
Insights into the stability of gold nanoparticles supported on metal oxides for the base-free oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid

Gold (Au) catalysts have been rarely investigated for the oxidation of glucose in the absence of a base. These conditions are critical, however, to enable the sequential one-pot combination of cellulose hydrolysis and glucoseoxidation. Here we evaluate the catalytic performance and stability of Au nanoparticles supported on metal oxides for the oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid under unadjusted pH and acidic conditions. The study provides insights into the deactivation of the catalysts caused by leaching and hydrothermal sintering of Au nanoparticles, as well as by adsorption of reactive species. We found that lowering the surface density of Au on metal oxides decreases the sintering rate of the Au nanoparticles and hence enhances the stability and activity of the catalysts.
Another look at plotting positions

Probability paper was used as early as 1896, and was mentioned in the literature more than 30 times before 1950, mainly by hydrologists, most of whom used the plotting position (i-0.5)/n proposed by Hazen (1914). Gumbel (1942a) considered the modal position (i-1)/(n-1) and the mean position i/(n+1) [the latter proposed by Weibull (1939a,b)], and chose the latter. Lebedev (1952) and others proposed the use of (i-0.3)/(n+0.4), which is approximately the median position advocated by Johnson (1951). Blom (1958) sug-gested (i-α)/(n-2α+1), where a is a constant (usually 0 ≤ α ≤ 1), which includes all of the above plotting positions as special cases. Moreover, by proper choice of α, one can approximate F[E(xi)], the position proposed by Kimball (1946), for any distri-bution of interest. Gumbel (1954) stated five postulates which plotting positions should satisfy. Chernoff & Lieberman (1954) discussed the optimum choice of plotting positions in various situ-ations. It is clear that the optimum plotting position d...
LMS Algorithm Performance in Mutual Coupling

This paper shows that the adaptive LMS beamformer can recover the desired signal even though the beamforming pattern is distorted. In addition, an MC compensation method for the beamforming pattern is also presented
Design of Piezo-SMA Composite for Thermal Energy Harvester Under Fluctuating Temperature

A thermal energy harvester using piezo-shape memory alloy (SMA) composite was designed. The main mechanism of such a piezo-SMA composite is the synergistic effect of piezoelectrics and SMA, which are connected in series and subjected to fluctuating temperature. Strain induced in the SMA phase immediately causes stress in the piezoelectric phase, thus, inducing charge by the direct piezoelectric effect. In order to make this problem more analytically tractable, two models were developed: simple laminated model and 3D model with Eshelby theory. The models predict the available power according to material properties and thermal fluctuation. The impedance of the system was examined with different thermal fluctuating frequencies. Experimental and predicted results are in agreement for higher frequencies, while for lower frequencies of thermal fluctuation, the prediction is not accurate due to internal loss.
Oscillation regularity in noise-driven excitable systems with multi-time-scale adaptation.

We investigate oscillation regularity of a noise-driven system modeled with a slow after-hyperpolarizing adaptation current (AHP) composed of multiple-exponential relaxation time scales. Sufficiently separated slow and fast AHP time scales (biphasic decay) cause a peak in oscillation irregularity for intermediate input currents I, with relatively regular oscillations for small and large currents. An analytic formulation of the system as a stochastic escape problem establishes that the phenomena is distinct from standard forms of coherence resonance. Our results explain data on the oscillation regularity of the pre-Botzinger complex, a neural oscillator responsible for inspiratory breathing rhythm generation in mammals.
Movement of coat protein genes from a commercial virus-resistant transgenic squash into a wild relative.

We monitored pollen-mediated transgene dissemination from commercial transgenic squash CZW-3 into its wild relative Cucurbita pepo ssp. ovifera var. texana ( C. texana ). Transgenic squash CZW-3 expresses the neomycin phosphotransferase II ( nptII ) gene and the coat protein (CP) genes of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), and Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV); thereby, it is resistant to these three aphid-borne viruses. The rate of NPT II and CP transgene introgression increased with overlapping flowering patterns and a high ratio of transgenic F1 hybrids ( C. texana × CZW-3) to C. texana . Transgene transfer also readily occurred from transgenic F1 hybrids into C. texana over three generations in field settings where test plants grew sympatrically and viruses were not severely limiting the growth, and fruit and seed production of C. texana . In contrast, introgression of the transgenes into C. texana was not sustained under conditions of high viral disease pressure. As expected, C. texana progeny that acquired the CP transgenes exhibited resistance to CMV, ZYMV, and WMV. This is the first report on transgene dissemination from a transgenic crop that exhibits disease resistance and hybridizes with a wild plant species without loss of fertility.
Development of a versatile cell force transducer using moiré mechanism

Cells alter their shape and morphology and interact with their surrounding environment. Mechanical forces developed by cells to their surrounding environments are fundamental to many physiological processes, such as cell growth, division, migration, and apoptosis. In this paper, a novel optical moire based biomechanol force sensor was developed for cell traction force mapping. We utilized coherent laser beams to illuminate periodic polymeric substrates where isolated cells were cultured. We demonstrated one-dimensional and two-dimensional traction force mapping via optical moire for both cardiac myocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. The magnification effect of the moire fringe pattern permits a real time monitoring of the mechanical interaction between isolated cells and their underlying periodic polymeric structures.
What Makes Deterrence Work?: Lessons from the Egyptian-Israeli Enduring Rivalry

(1995). What Makes Deterrence Work?: Lessons from the Egyptian-Israeli Enduring Rivalry. Security Studies: Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 851-910.
Databases and Outcomes in Congenital Cardiac Anesthesia

Anesthesia practitioners have long been at the forefront of patient safety initiatives in the operating room and beyond. The Congenital Cardiac Anesthesia Society has partnered with the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database to develop a patient registry for patients with congenital heart defects in order to determine patient outcomes related to anesthesia in this high-risk population. A review of existing database efforts is also undertaken to determine their strengths and weaknesses.
FAUST: efficient, TTP-free abuse prevention by anonymous whitelisting

We introduce Faust, a solution to the "anonymous blacklisting problem:" allow an anonymous user to prove that she is authorized to access an online service such that if the user misbehaves, she retains her anonymity but will be unable to authenticate in future sessions. Faust uses no trusted third parties and is one to two orders of magnitude more efficient than previous schemes without trusted third parties. The key idea behind Faust is to eliminate the explicit blacklist used in all previous approaches, and rely instead on an implicit whitelist, based on blinded authentication tokens.
Commentary: Forensic Psychotherapy

Yakeley and Adshead present a broad view of the increasing influence of psychodynamically informed thought and practice on the British criminal justice system, adumbrating a model they call forensic psychotherapy. They explore such topics as mitigating factors, influences on recidivism, and psychotherapy with incarcerated inmates. While I am sympathetic with their overall aims, I outline some theoretical and practical difficulties in attempting to wed two very different systems of thought and the limitations that these difficulties impose.
Smoking Cessation Interventions Among Hispanics in the United States: A Systematic Review and Mini Meta-analysis

Abstract Purpose. The leading causes of mortality among Hispanics living in the United States are smoking related. This study sought to systematically review smoking cessation interventions targeting healthy Hispanic adults living in the United States, to conduct a “mini” meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, and to offer recommendations for future research. Data Sources. Studies were identified through computerized bibliographic databases (PsychINFO, PsycARTICLES, PsycFirst, MEDLINE, Science Direct, and Dissertation Abstracts Online), article reference lists, conference abstracts, and unpublished data through October 2008. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria. Evaluation of a smoking cessation intervention among healthy U.S. Hispanic adults. Studies included in the meta-analysis were also required to be randomized controlled trials. Data Extraction. Twelve studies were eligible for the systematic review and five studies for the meta-analysis. Two independent raters coded each study. Data Synth...
Preparation and Characterization of Li‐Si‐Al‐O‐N Glasses

The glass-forming region in the AIN-Li2O–SiO2 ternary was defined, and glass batches up to 15 g were prepared and characterized. Thermogravimetric data on thermal decomposition were interpreted in terms of probable decomposition reactions. Crystalline phases identified in partly crystalline and devitrified glasses include α′- and β′-sialons, eucryptite, and τ-LiAlO2, all of which may contain some substituted N. Micro-hardness and elastic modulus of a glass of approximate composition Li2Si2AlO5N are both considerably higher than values for similar oxide glasses.
Semantic computations of truth based on associations already learned

Abstract This article sets forth a detailed theoretical proposal of how the truth of ordinary empirical statements, often atomic in form, is computed. The method of computation draws on psychological concepts such as those of associative networks and spreading activation, rather that the concepts of philosophical or logical theories of truth. Axioms for a restricted class of cases are given, as well as some detailed examples.
Experiment and simulations of lock-up time and dephasing time for all-optical clock recovery with a mode-locked semiconductor laser system

Summary form only given. Recently, mode-locked semiconductor lasers have been shown to exhibit robust synchronization dynamics, making them well suited for clock recovery applications. Two important properties of a clock recovery oscillator are a short lock-up time (to reduce system latency) and a long dephasing time (to avoid clock disruption). We present results of experimental measurements and simulation of clock lock-up and dephasing time for an optical clock recovery oscillator.
Gyro-amplifiers for high power millimeter wave radar

Summary form only given. Over the past several years there has been a concerted effort within the US to develop millimeter wave gyro-amplifiers for high-power millimeter wave radar. Efforts have been carried out by a number of researchers at both Ka- and W-bands. These efforts have culminated in the successful integration of a high-average-power W-band gyro-klystron into the NRL WARLOC radar. The author reviews gyro-amplifier research and development at both Ka- and W-bands, as well as the completed integration into the NRL W-band radar.