cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parenteral treprostinil for significant pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with pulmonary fibrosis: A safety study

Objectives: Safety & efficacy of treprostinil (IV/SQ) in patients with pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and PAH. Methods: Prospective, open label trial of patients referred for lung transplantation with PF/PAH (mean PA >35 mmHg & PVR >3 WU), treated treprostinil × 12 weeks. Results: N=14 received treprostinil (18-97 ng/kg/min). The hemodynamics, 6MW, BNP, and UCSD/SF 36 significantly improved. No significant changes were seen in peripheral oxygen at rest or during 6MW. View this table: Table 1 Baseline characteristics ![Figure][1] ![Figure][1] Conclusions: Chronic administration of treprostinil is well tolerated in patients with PF/PAH. Prospective, multicenter, randomized-controlled studies are warranted to verify these results [1]: pending:yes
Gestational tissue transcriptomics in term and preterm human pregnancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Preterm birth (PTB), or birth before 37 weeks of gestation, is the leading cause of newborn death worldwide. PTB is a critical area of scientific study not only due to its worldwide toll on human lives and economies, but also due to our limited understanding of its pathogenesis and, therefore, its prevention. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizes the landscape of PTB transcriptomics research to further our understanding of the genes and pathways involved in PTB subtypes. We evaluated published genome-wide pregnancy studies across gestational tissues and pathologies, including those that focus on PTB, by performing a targeted PubMed MeSH search and systematically reviewing all relevant studies. Our search yielded 2,361 studies on gestational tissues including placenta, decidua, myometrium, maternal blood, cervix, fetal membranes (chorion and amnion), umbilical cord, fetal blood, and basal plate. Selecting only those original research studies that measured transcription on a genome-wide scale and reported lists of expressed genetic elements identified 93 gene expression, 21 microRNA, and 20 methylation studies. Although 30 % of all PTB cases are due to medical indications, 76 % of the preterm studies focused on them. In contrast, only 18 % of the preterm studies focused on spontaneous onset of labor, which is responsible for 45 % of all PTB cases. Furthermore, only 23 of the 10,993 unique genetic elements reported to be transcriptionally active were recovered 10 or more times in these 134 studies. Meta-analysis of the 93 gene expression studies across 9 distinct gestational tissues and 29 clinical phenotypes showed limited overlap of genes identified as differentially expressed across studies. Overall, profiles of differentially expressed genes were highly heterogeneous both between as well as within clinical subtypes and tissues as well as between studies of the same clinical subtype and tissue. These results suggest that large gaps still exist in the transcriptomic study of specific clinical subtypes as well in the generation of the transcriptional profile of well-studied clinical subtypes; understanding the complex landscape of prematurity will require large-scale, systematic genome-wide analyses of human gestational tissues on both understudied and well-studied subtypes alike.
Decreasing ventricular infections through the use of a ventriculostomy placement bundle: experience at a single institution.

Object Ventricular infection after ventriculostomy placement carries a high mortality rate. Responding to ventriculostomy infection rates, a multidisciplinary performance improvement team was formed, a comprehensive protocol for ventriculostomy placement was developed, and the efficacy was evaluated. Methods A best-practice protocol was developed, including hand hygiene before the procedure; prophylactic antibiotics; sterile gloves changed between preparation, draping, and procedure; hair removal by clipping for dressing adherence; skin preparation using iodine povacrylex (0.7% available iodine) and isopropyl alcohol (74%); full body and head drape; full surgical attire for the surgeon and other bedside providers; and an antimicrobial-impregnated catheter. A checklist of critical components was used to confirm proper insertion and to monitor practice. Procedure-specific infection rates were calculated using the number of infections divided by the number of patients in whom an external ventricular drainage...
Kidney Function and Cardiovascular Events in Postmenopausal Women: The Impact of Race and Ethnicity in the Women's Health Initiative.

Background Kidney disease disproportionately affects minority populations, including African Americans and Hispanics; therefore, understanding the relationship of kidney function to cardiovascular (CV) outcomes within different racial/ethnic groups is of considerable interest. We investigated the relationship between kidney function and CV events and assessed effect modification by race/ethnicity in the Women's Health Initiative. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Setting & Participants Baseline serum creatinine concentrations (assay traceable to isotope-dilution mass spectrometry standard) of 19,411 postmenopausal women aged 50 to 79 years who self-identified as either non-Hispanic white (n=8,921), African American (n=7,436), or Hispanic (n=3,054) were used to calculate estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs). Predictors Categories of eGFR (exposure); race/ethnicity (effect modifier). Outcomes The primary outcome was the composite of 3 physician-adjudicated CV events: myocardial infarction, stroke, or CV-related death. Measurements We evaluated the multivariable-adjusted associations between categories of eGFR and CV events using proportional hazards regression and formally tested for effect modification by race/ethnicity. Results During a mean follow-up of 7.6 years, 1,424 CV events (653 myocardial infarctions, 627 strokes, and 297 CV-related deaths) were observed. The association between eGFR and CV events was curvilinear; however, the association of eGFR with CV outcomes differed by race ( P =0.006). In stratified analyses, we observed that the U-shaped association was present in non-Hispanic whites, whereas African American participants had a rather curvilinear relationship, with lower eGFR being associated with higher CV risk, and higher eGFR, with reduced CV risk. Analyses among Hispanic women were inconclusive owing to few Hispanic women having very low or high eGFRs and very few events occurring in these categories. Limitations Lack of urinary albumin measurements; residual confounding by unmeasured or imprecisely measured characteristics. Conclusions In postmenopausal women, the patterns of association between eGFR and CV risk differed between non-Hispanic whites and African American women.
Active head movements facilitate compensation for effects of prism displacement on dynamic gait

STUDY DESIGN Four groups, between-subjects study. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of exercise on adaptation of normal subjects who had been artificially spatially disoriented. BACKGROUND Many patients referred for rehabilitation experience sensory changes, due to age or disease processes, and these changes affect motor skill. The best way to train patients to adapt to these changes and to improve their sensorimotor skills is unclear. Using normal subjects, we tested the hypothesis that active, planned head movement is needed to adapt to modified visual input. METHODS AND MEASURES Eighty male and female subjects who had normal balance on computerized dynamic posturography (CDP) and the dynamic gait index (DGI), were randomly assigned to four groups. All groups donned diagonally shift lenses and were again assessed with CDP and DGI. The four groups were then treated for 20 min. Group 1 (control group) viewed a video, Group 2 performed exercise that involved translating the entire body through space, but without separate, volitional head movement, Group 3 performed exercises which all incorporated volitional, planned head rotations, and Group 4 performed exercises that involved translating the body (as in Group 2) and incorporated volitional, planned head motion (as in Group 3). All subjects were post-tested with CDP and DGI, lenses were removed, and subjects were retested again with CDP and DGI. RESULTS The groups did not differ significantly on CDP scores but Groups 3 and 4 had significantly better DGI scores than Groups 1 and 2. CONCLUSIONS Active head movement that is specifically planned as part of the exercise is more effective than passive attention or head movements that are not consciously planned, for adapting to sensorimotor change when it incorporates active use of the changed sensory modality, in this case head motion.
Advanced susceptors for microwave heating of energetic materials

Abstract Trinitrotoluene (TNT) like many monomolecular organic explosives is transparent to microwave energy. This study examines the influence of carbon additives to TNT purposefully selected to absorb microwave energy and enable heating throughout the composite. Five carbon additives with different shapes are analyzed including carbon nanotubes, spherical powder, diamond nanoparticles, graphene nano-flakes, and graphite micron-flakes. Each was added to TNT at a constant 1 wt.% concentration then subjected to 1.7 GHz of microwave energy for up to one minute. In-situ two-dimensional transient temperature is measured using a high-resolution high-speed infrared (IR) camera. ANSYS high frequency structural simulator (HFSS) software simulated power absorption for each additive. Simulations predict tubes absorb more energy but experimentally flakes induce melting of the TNT faster. Further analysis of additive connectivity through the matrix suggests that inter-particle connectivity plays a strong role in enhancing heat transfer upon microwave attenuation; and flakes show the greatest inter-connectivity. Engineering composite materials with optimized additives could lead to advances in microwave technologies.
The Self-Efficacy and Risk-Propensity of Entrepreneurs

This research explores the relationship between entrepreneurs' self-efficacy and risk-propensity. By considering these concepts together, this paper hopes to clarify that relationship as well as somewhat contradictory findings regarding risk-propensity in the existing literature. Specifically, the review of existing literature and data presented herein suggest that any particular propensity for risk that may be exhibited by entrepreneurs is a side-effect of their relatively high self-efficacy. This paper analyzes data from semi-structured, in-person interviews with 49 entrepreneurs in three American cities. Results indicate that high levels of self-efficacy allow entrepreneurs to be comfortable taking risks. Furthermore, it may be that the mixed results of previous investigations into entrepreneurs' propensity for risk may be due in part to the heterogeneity of the samples. That self-efficacy plays a role in entrepreneurship is important because this characteristic can be developed through education and experience and could be targeted through policy initiatives.
Use of Nursing Management Minimum Data Set (NMMDS) for a Focused Information Retrieval

Evidence-based nursing (EBN) is central to the knowledge base for nursing practice, and evidence based interventions are considered as one of the best avenues to achieve maximum outcomes [1]. These interventions typically are implemented through the portals of nursing management forming the context for delivery of nursing practice [2]. Hence, understanding how to provide high quality nursing care efficiently and making management decisions based in evidence is of increasing importance. EBN management requires a research-driven approach for identifying patient, professional, and setting characteristics that affect the processes of care at micro and meso levels. Yet nurse managers cite lack of time and skills; limited access to search engines or poor understanding of research language and most importantly a paucity of management research articles as a barrier to EBN. This study explored the possibility of using the NMMDS to retrieve research related to nursing management.
Internal enterprise and external enterprise of agriculture——one of the series study on agricultural enterprise

The concept of internal enterprise and external enterprise of agriculture were put forward in this paper.It is the first time reported in China.The author studied the management mechanism,the relationship and difference between the internal enterprise and external enterprise and analysed their theoretical and practical significance.According to the above analysis,the paper studied the relationship and difference between the agricultural industrialization and agricultural enterprisation,pointed out that the renovation of mechanisms and institution of rural management should be go further and carry out the agricultural enterprisation strategy based on the agricultural industrialization,devote major efforts to develop internal enterprise of agriculture and make attempts to standardize the external enterprise of agriculture development,and at the same time promote the transformation from external enterprise to internal enterprise.
Latest Developments in Cognitive Functioning in Mood and Anxiety Disorders

Cognitive impairments are well-documented features of mood and anxiety disorders. Recent developments in research on cognition, assessment techniques, treatments, and comorbidities in cognitive changes across major depression, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are reviewed. Promising treatments have been reported but are tempered by self-reported cognitive performance and its minimal relationship to objective data. The need for objective assessment as well as assessment of subjective impressions of cognition is discussed. The use of assessment of performance-based measures of everyday functional skills in major depression, bipolar disorder, and PTSD is another critical development highlighted in the present review. The recent success of pharmacological treatments for cognitive impairments in major depressive disorder (MDD) is promising, yet the need for clinicians to assess and consider bias in their treatment outcome data is essential.
Characterization of Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Interactions with Extracellular Matrix in an in Vitro System

Controlled dispersion of therapeutic agents within liquid- and gel-filled cavities represents a barrier to treatment of some cancers and other pathological states. Interstitial delivery is compromised by the poor mobility of macromolecules and larger nanoscale structures. We developed an in vitro system to quantify the suitability of superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SPM NPs) as a site-specific therapeutic vehicle for delivery through fluid- and gel-based systems. SPM NP motion was induced by an external magnetic field. NP migration was modulated by NP concentration and surface coating. 135 nanometer radius PEGylated NPs moved through the extracellular matrix with an average velocity of 1.5 mm h−1, suitable for some clinical applications. Increasing the SPM NP radius to 400 nm while maintaining the same per NP magnetic susceptibility resulted in a greater than 1000-fold reduction in magnetic mobility, to less than 0.01 mm h−1. The critical influence of NP size on gel permeation was also observed in silica-coated 135 nm SPM NPs that aggregated under the experimental conditions. Aggregation played a critical role in determining the behavior of the nanoparticles. SPM NPs allow significant free-solution mobility to specific sites within a cavity and generate sufficient force to penetrate common in vivo gels.
Quantitative Modeling of Synaptic Release at the Photoreceptor Synapse

Exocytosis from the rod photoreceptor is stimulated by submicromolar calcium and exhibits an unusually shallow dependence on presynaptic calcium. This weak cooperativity may contribute to the linear relationship between calcium influx and release at photoreceptor synapses and contrasts with release at other ribbon and conventional synapses, which exhibit a fourth or fifth-order calcium dependence. To provide a quantitative description of the photoreceptor calcium sensor for exocytosis, we tested a family of conventional and allosteric computational models describing the final calcium-binding steps leading to exocytosis. Simulations were fit to two measures of release, evoked by flash-photolysis of caged calcium: exocytotic capacitance changes from individual rods and post-synaptic currents of second-order neurons. The best simulations supported the occupancy of only two calcium binding sites on the rod sensor rather than the typical four or five. For most models, the on-rates for calcium binding and maximal fusion rate were comparable to those of other neurons. However, the off-rates for calcium unbinding were unexpectedly slow. In addition to contributing to the high-affinity of the photoreceptor calcium sensor, slow calcium unbinding may support the fusion of vesicles located at a distance from calcium channels, perhaps located higher up the synaptic ribbon or away from the ribbon. In addition, partial sensor occupancy due to slow unbinding may further contribute to the linearization at this first synapse in vision.
A Method for Evaluating Computer Programs for Electrocardiographic Interpretation: II. Application to Version D of the PHS Program and the Mayo Clinic Program of 1968

A method for evaluating computer programs for electrocardiographic interpretation is described. This method allows a clinician to judge the usefulness of a program for his specific setting and needs. The method requires a significant proportion and variety of abnormal tracings, the application of specific fixed criteria, and the separation of disagreements between the computer program and the clinician into those resulting from criteria differences and those resulting from programming errors, viz., pattern recognition failures, mismeasurements, and/or deficient program logic. When applied to the experimental IBM program 1971, staff cardiologists found essential agreement with the program's results in 76% of 1150 unselected tracings. Clinically significant disagreements based strictly on the application of different criteria occurred in 20% of the tracings, whereas disagreements based on program errors were found in only 4%. Although this program requires some system of human overview and quality checking,...
Carbon-proton dipolar decoupling in REDOR

Abstract Dipolar decoupling of protons with radiofrequency field amplitudes comparable to those used for the rare-spin refocusing and dephasing π pulses results in accurate, high-sensitivity determinations of internuclear distances in rotational-echo double-resonance experiments and simulations performed on 13 C and 15 N-labeled l -alanine.
Examining the research underlying the sentencing guidelines concept in Denver, Colorado: A partial replication of a reform effort

Abstract This paper examines the empirical basis for the criminal sentencing guidelines developed in Denver, Colorado. Unlike many other sentencing reforms, such guidelines have generally been developed out of an empirical analysis of past sentencing decisions, which identifies those variables most predictive of sentence. Empirical arguments, as a part of a reform effort, are often more persuasive than nonempirical arguments. However, when the analysis is inadequate or faulty, the resultant reform effort may be called into question. Presented in this paper is a reanalysis of the original data used to develop the Denver guidelines. Questions are raised regarding implications of extensive missing observations across cases and the resulting shrinkage of cases available for multivariate analyses. The original data is reanalyzed in both its original form and in a more complete form by estimating the missing data through a complex regression technique. Our analyses suggest that there are serious methodological weaknesses in the original study. The implications of these weaknesses are discussed.
An exploration of the mediating effects of auditor experience and position in internal accounting control evaluation

Abstract This study is an exploration of the effects of auditor background on internal accounting control judgements. A series of control evaluation cases were mailed to experienced auditors. These subjects were asked to rate the described control systems against three control objectives. No hypotheses were tested. Rather, the objectives of the study reported here were (1) to determine which, if any, background variables were associated with differences in auditor ratings and (2) to posit reasonable explanations, grounded in actual data, for any differences detected. Such differences were found for subjects grouped according to firm affiliation, auditor rank/years of experience, and control evaluation experience. These differences are discussed and related to several possible explanations, which focus on learning and goal orientation effects in decision making. The explanations are viewed as potential topics for further research.
Multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy

Resistance to chemotherapy is the single most important reason for treatment failure in cancer patients. Over the past 15 years, we have gained significant insight into one of the mechanisms responsible for this process: multidrug resistance (MDR). Far from being a phenomenon limited to the laboratory, multidrug resistance has been identified in a wide variety of newly diagnosed and recurrent human tumors. A number of compounds can block p-glycoprotein and overcome MDR in vitro and in vivo. Current strategies to block MDR are discussed in this review. Future research in this area will focus on the identification of more selective and potent MDR reversing agents and the development of entirely new approaches to overcoming multidrug resistance such as monoclonal antibodies, immunotoxins, and gene therapy.
Estimating causal parameters without target populations

Rationale In recent years, numerous research methodologists have argued forcefully that any estimated effect from an observational study or a randomized trial should apply to a ‘target population’– to a finite group of people. Some methods to adjust for confounders heavily draw upon this idea. Aims and Objectives I cite a recently published paper in The American Journal of Epidemiology that linked methods to adjust for confounders to the concept of a ‘target population’. I explain that the requirement to specify a finite population as the target of causal inference is rooted in two extreme models of causation: determinism and stochastic causation. Conclusions I argue that the ‘target population’ epistemology is scientifically irrelevant and so are methods to handle confounders that are founded on this paradigm, namely, standardization, inverse-probability-of-treatment weighting and SMR-weighting. Finally, I propose a simple alternative framework under an indeterministic model of causation. According to my proposed model, a causal parameter is not tied to any finite population and its estimate is a (fallible) scientific conjecture about a homogeneous, individual-level effect.
ALTERED EXPRESSION OF NOVEL HUMAN GENES IN HYPEROXIA-RESISTANT CELLS.† 2076

Oxygen therapy is an essential component of treatment for newborns with respiratory distress, but hyperoxia (>21% O2) is toxic to all cells and causes lung injury. Mechanisms of cytotoxicity from, or tolerance to hyperoxia are not completely understood. A stable mutant line of HeLa cells(called HeLa-80 cells) was selected to grow in 80% O2, yet these cells show no increases in any known antioxidants. Giant 2-D gel electrophoresis was used to compare the patterns of protein synthesis between HeLa-80 cells and the parental cell line (HeLa-20). Out of about 10,00 spots analyzed there were only 15 consistent differences. If any of the proteins are regulated at the mRNA level, it should facilitate the cloning of cDNAs that encode them. Toward that end, we have used the differential display polymerase chain reaction to isolate and identify partial cDNA fragments corresponding to mRNAs that are differentially expressed in HeLa-20 and -80 cells. To date, we have screened approximately 50% of the mRNA complexity of the cells. A total of 68 candidate fragments have been delineated. Northern blots of HeLa-20 and -80 cell mRNA were probed with radiolabeled fragments from 14 of the candidates; 6 of them correspond to differentially-expressed mRNAs. To date, complete DNA sequence analysis of two of these fragments indicates they are derived from novel genes. These genes are expressed at different levels in a wide variety of human tissues. Expression of their full-length cDNAs will be used to determine their potential role in resistance or sensitivity to O2 toxicity.(Funded by grants from the American Heart Association and Winthrop-University Hospital).
Max Borns Kritik der mechanischen Vorhersagbarkeit und die theoretische Biologie

This paper is concerned with the analysis of quantum-mechanical modes of description for extremely complex systems such as found in biology. Starting fromMax Born's recent statistical approach to classical mechanics we proceed to a discussion of the limits of measurement and prediction in the corresponding quantum-theoretical problems. A main concept here is that of temporary constants of the motion, long-lived parameters of the system which have the property that they can be measured without appreciable perturbation. Knowing these, microscopic structure can only be estimated by means of inductive inferences which are intrinsically indefinite. The part played by such inferences can be diminished only by more thoroughgoing measurements which, however, perturb the system and thereby prevent it from being representative of a class of similar systems that have not been so perturbed. This may be taken as a quantitative expression ofBohr's concept of generalized complementarity.
Langmuir and Langmuir−Blodgett Film Characterization of a New Amphiphilic Coumarin Derivative

In this paper, we report the synthesis and the monolayer behavior (surface pressure and surface potential) of a new amphiphilic coumarin dye, 7-aminocoumarin-4-acetic acid octadecylamide (ACO), at the air−water interface. The spectroscopic characteristics (UV−vis, fluorescence, and fluorescence imaging) of pure and mixed films (1:20, ACO/stearic acid and ACO/oleic acid) at the air−water interface as well as Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) films have been investigated and compared with the spectroscopic characteristics of ACO in solution. These experiments provide evidence of aggregate formation during compression of the monolayer at the air−water interface. Surface pressure dependent in situ fluorescence imaging confirms that the fluorescent quenching of the dye with increasing surface pressure originates as a result of formation of nonfluorescent aggregates. Atomic force microscopy imaging of a pure ACO LB film shows that the size of these aggregates is in the nanometer scale. This work provides information that ...
Color and brightness contrast effects as a function of spatial variables.

Abstract The contrast effect was measured at the center of a circular center-surround stimulus display for three color combinations and one (non-colored) brightness combination. For each combination, the magnitude of the contrast effect was determined for a series of different center and surround sizes using consecutive matching procedures. The amount of contrast was influenced by the dimensions of the display in the expected way; the effect on the center was greatest when the surround was large and the center was small. The contrast magnitudes were plotted against four theoretically selected abscissae: (1) surround width, R 1 − R 2 ; (2) surround area, R 1 2 − R 2 2 ; (3) area ratio, ( R 1 2 − R 2 2 )/ R 2 2 ; and (4) edge-distance expression 1/ R 2 −1 R 1 , where R 2 is the radius of the central test area and R 1 is the outer radius of the surround. For each color combination, both graphical and correlational analyses demonstrated that contrast magnitude is more closely related to the edge-distance expression than to the other spatial expressions. This result provides support for an edge-distance model based on two assumptions: (1) that edges in the stimulus, and edge detectors in the visual system, are the important determinants of color and brightness; and (2) that edges closer to a point contribute more to the determination of the color and brightness at that point than do edges that are further away.
An Extension–Distraction Injury of the Thoracic Spine with Traumatic Partial Correction of Thoracic Kyphosis

Study Design The study is a case report. Objective The authors aim to report an unusual injury pattern in a patient previously treated for thoracic kyphoscoliosis. Methods A postoperative (computed tomography) CT of a healthy 24-year-old man who underwent posterior instrumentation and fusion for a kyphoscoliosis deformity was compared with a CT performed after a motor vehicle accident (MVA) 1 year later, which resulted in an extension-distraction injury of T8 with no neurologic deficit. Cobb angles of the thoracic sagittal images of both CTs were measured using a digital measuring device and the values were recorded. Results Initial postoperative sagittal CT images demonstrate a 67-degree residual thoracic kyphosis compared with the post-MVA sagittal CT images, which reveal a 54-degree thoracic kyphosis, a 13-degree improvement in sagittal alignment. Conclusion It is unusual for a patient with long posterior instrumentation of the spine to sustain a spinal fracture without breakage of the rods, which were 6-mm nickel-titanium alloy with two crosslinks. Although sustaining plastic deformation, the rods maintained their integrity to the degree that the patient required no subsequent treatment to his spine at 12 months follow-up. It is rare to sustain a vertebral fracture without implant failure, which occurred in this case.
The structure of higher education in the German Democratic Republic

The ability of the East German state to produce large cohorts of highly skilled graduates has contributed much to its becoming one of the leading industrial nations in the world. Originally reverting after the War to Lander control of the universities and colleges like the rest of Germany, the GDR soon went the opposite way from West Germany, seeing the way to a strong higher education system to be through the strict centralization of control. This article describes the three university reforms which have taken place and examines the implications of policy decisions. An investigation of the various organs of the government of higher education elucidates the disposition of authority at each level.
Crystal Structure of Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis) 7S Seed Storage Protein with Copper Ligands

The prevalence of food allergy has increased in recent years, and Korean pine vicilin is a potential food allergen. We have previously reported the crystallization of Korean pine vicilin purified f...
trans-Bis(dimethylglyoximato-κ2N, N')-(1-hexenyl)(pyridine-κN)cobalt(III): a cobaloxime-substituted terminal alkene that rapidly isomerizes to a cobaloxime-substituted internal alkenyl complex

An unusual cobaloxime-substituted terminal alkene, [Co(C(6)H(11))(C(4)H(7)N(2)O(2))(2)(C(5)H(5)N)], has been isolated and characterized by X-ray crystallography. The double bond in the alkene readily isomerizes, but the title compound could be isolated and structurally characterized at low temperature.
Development and Testing of Molecular Adsorber Coatings

The effect of on-orbit molecular contamination has the potential to degrade the performance of spaceflight hardware and diminish the lifetime of the spacecraft. For example, sensitive surfaces, such as optical surfaces, electronics, detectors, and thermal control surfaces, are vulnerable to the damaging effects of contamination from outgassed materials. The current solution to protect these surfaces is through the use of zeolite coated ceramic adsorber pucks. However, these pucks and its additional complex mounting hardware requirements result in several disadvantages, such as size, weight, and cost related concerns, that impact the spacecraft design and the integration and test schedule. As a result, a new innovative molecular adsorber coating was developed as a sprayable alternative to mitigate the risk of on-orbit molecular contamination. In this study, the formulation for molecular adsorber coatings was optimized using various binders, pigment treatment methods, binder to pigment ratios, thicknesses, and spray application techniques. The formulations that passed coating adhesion and vacuum thermal cycling tests were further tested for its adsorptive capacity. Accelerated molecular capacitance tests were performed in an innovatively designed multi-unit system containing idealized contaminant sources. This novel system significantly increased the productivity of the testing phase for the various formulations that were developed. Work performed during the development and testing phases has demonstrated successful application of molecular adsorber coatings onto metallic substrates, as well as, very promising results for the adhesion performance and the molecular capacitance of the coating. Continued testing will assist in the qualification of molecular adsorber coatings for use on future contamination sensitive spaceflight missions.
Biological small-angle X-ray scattering facility at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory

Beamline 4-2 at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory is a small-angle X-ray scattering/diffraction facility dedicated to structural studies on mostly noncrystalline biological systems. The instrument consists of a pinhole camera, which covers the magnitude of the scattering vector Q in the range 0.004–1.3 A−1 [Q = (4π/λ)sin θ, where θ and λ are one half of the scattering angle and the X-ray wavelength, respectively], and a Bonse–Hart geometry ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering setup for the Q range an order of magnitude smaller. The pinhole camera allows quick automated distance and detector selection among any combination of five distances and three position-sensitive detectors. The double-crystal monochromator can have either Si 111 crystals or a pair of synthetic multilayer diffractive elements for higher flux applications. We have adopted a suite of software originally developed for macromolecular crystallography for integrated beamline control as well as static and slow time-resolved small-angle scattering data collection. This article outlines recent technological developments and specialized instrumentation for conducting noncrystalline scattering experiments in structural biology at improved time and spatial resolutions.
Debugging debugged, a metaphysical manifesto of systems integration

Systems designers will most often design to the N-1 criterion whether the designers know they are doing so or not. Systems designed to the N-1 criterion detect, isolate and (possibly) recover from at most one fault at a time. In contrast to the N-1 criterion, systems integrators must fault isolate in the presence of multiple simultaneous faults and in the absence of user guides. The purpose of this paper is to debug the debugging process used by systems integrators. To that end this paper describes the systems integration environment, identifies factors that drive the efficiency of that effort and provides a critique of the historical roots of architectural firewalls. (If there were no firewalls everything could theoretically interfere with everything else as only the stricture of time would prevent everything from happening at once. Yet a perfect firewall would be an impossibility; a Maxwell's demon of information.) This paper penultimately provides philosophical musings, a self-reflection on meanings uncovered. As this paper has strong non-linear content an attempt has been made for textual constraint by theme:I. The Systems Integration EnvironmentII. An Efficient Systems Integration Efficiency MetricIII. Architectural InvestigationsIV. the Problem Behind the Problem (tPBtP)
The Availability of Self‐Deception

Reponse a la critique de R. Scheer qui, dans l'article precedent intitule «The extent of self-deception» (in «Philosophical investigations», 22, 4, 1999, pp. 330-34), affirme que l'A. a defini de maniere absurde des normes de la connaissance de soi trop elevees. S'inscrivant dans la tradition du scepticisme de Clarke a Stroud, privilegiant le doute concernant le moi plutot que le doute cartesien concernant le monde exterieur, l'A. defend sa position qui consiste a mesurer la possiblite de l'auto-illusion comme obstacle a la connaissance de soi, en s'appuyant sur l'exemple de l'amour-propre chez Rousseau
Improved survival after 5 years in 1,144 patients after coronary bypass surgery

Abstract To determine the influence of coronary bypass surgery on late survival, 1,144 consecutive patients were contacted 60 to 76 months after operation. There were 1,000 men (87.4 percent). The mean age was 50.1 years (range 24 to 75). Operation was performed for angina pectoris with coronary lesions of more than 70 percent reduction in luminal diameter in 1,101 patients (96.2 percent). Forty-three patients (3.8 percent) had congestive heart failure without angina and 240 (21.0 percent) had both heart failure and angina. Unstable angina was present in 149 patients (13 percent). Previous myocardial infarction had occurred in 675 patients (59 percent). Single vessel disease was present in 226 patients (19.8 percent), double vessel disease in 442 (38.6 percent), triple vessel disease in 376 patients (32.9 percent) and greater than 50 percent stenosis of the left main coronary artery in 100 patients (8.7 percent). The overall operative mortality rate was 4.6 percent (52 patients). With exclusion of patients with left main coronary artery disease, this rate was 3.8 percent (40 of 1,044) and the overall crude 5 year survival rate was 89.1 percent (930 of 1,044). The survival rates of men and women were comparable. Left ventricular function was classified as good if end-diastolic pressure was less than 15 mm Hg and the left ventriculogram revealed no aneurysmal or akinetic area. Among men, the respective survival rates for each subgroup and for those with good left ventricular function within that subgroup were as follows: one vessel disease, 92.9 percent (169 of 182) and 94.9 percent (130 of 137); two vessel disease, 90.3 percent (352 of 390) and 94.3 percent (248 of 263); three vessel disease, 85.7 percent (293 of 342) and 90.9 percent (189 of 208); left main coronary artery disease, 81.4 percent (70 of 86) and 90.6 percent (48 of 53). The graft patency rate in 157 patients was 86.4 percent (247 of 286 grafts), and 149 patients (94.9 percent) had at least one patent graft. Late survival of all patients with reasonably good preoperative left ventricular function was normal compared with the expected number of survivors based on the general U.S. population experience of 1973. Thus, the survival rates of surgically treated patients with reasonable preoperative left ventricular function, regardless of anatomic lesions, are restored to survival rates comparable with those of the general population. With poor ventricular function, survival is impaired but is still superior to that reported with medical treatment only.
Homogeneous kinetics and equilibrium predictions of coking propensity in the anode channels of direct oxidation solid-oxide fuel cells using dry natural gas

Abstract Direct electrochemical oxidation (DECO) solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) offer the potential to generate electrical power from hydrocarbon fuels without the need for upstream fuel processing, such as reforming. However, with pure hydrocarbon fuel entering the flow channels at temperatures typically above 700 °C, fuel pyrolysis can cause molecular-weight growth and the formation of deleterious carbonaceous deposits. This paper, which develops a plug-flow model for fuel (natural gas surrogate) within the anode channels, considers the elementary gas-phase chemical kinetics of fuel pyrolysis and oxidation. It also considers the limiting case of local chemical equilibrium. Formation of cyclic hydrocarbon species is used to indicate deposit propensity. Results show that the likelihood of deposit formation depends strongly on cell temperature, current density, and residence time. Generally speaking, equilibrium favors deposit formation early in the channel whereas, owing to limited residence time, the homogeneous finite-rate kinetics predicts relatively low levels of deposit precursors. In the downstream portions, because of electrochemical oxygen flux though the electrode–electrolyte membrane, chemical equilibrium shifts strongly away from deposit formation to volatile carbon-oxygen species. However, the homogeneous finite-rate kinetics predictions show a continuing increase in coking propensity.
Swimming in the rat: Analysis of locomotor performance in comparison to stepping

Swimming in a mammalian quadruped, the rat, is analyzed in kinematic (joint angles) and electromyographic (EMG) terms. Data were collected on the movements of the hip, knee, ankle, and toe joints and three principle extensors and three flexors of the right hindlimb and compared with similar data collected on the same rats during treadmill stepping. The flexion, or protraction phase of swimming and stepping had many elements in common, including a similarity of EMG activity patterns and corresponding limb movements. However, in the extension, or retraction phase, there were notable differences. Although joint-extensor muscles were all coactive in both conditions, the brevity of the swimming extensor phase precluded the characteristic variation in EMG activity levels seen in the extensors in stepping. The flexors, in particular semitendinosus (ST), exhibited bursts of activity at the end of the extensor phase of swimming which were not present during the comparable period of stepping. The extra burst in ST produced a very rapid knee flexion at this time. Whereas the range of hip joint movement was similar in the two conditions, the ranges of the knee and ankle joints were expanded during swimming. Overall, the evidence suggests that swimming is a very rapid form of a basic locomotor pattern in which the extensors are driven to their maximum contraction rate. The extra extension of the limb derives from the absence of ground reaction forces, allowing the knee and ankle joints to fully extend. The added bursts in the flexors remain to be explained. A discussion of these results in terms of current theories of single limb locomotor pattern generation is presented.
Portal vein thrombosis: imaging features and associated etiologies.

Abstract Thrombosis of the portal vein and its splanchnic tributaries is often unsuspected clinically and may be recognized only after imaging studies of the abdomen are performed for other reasons. Radiologists should be aware of the clinical situations that predispose a patient to portal or mesenteric vein thrombosis and should also be able to recognize the sequelae of chronic thrombosis. Different modalities can be used to image the patient with portal vein thrombosis; each has its strengths and drawbacks. This paper discusses the conditions that predispose to portal and mesenteric vein thrombosis, differentiating intrahepatic portal vein occlusion secondary to liver disease from extrahepatic portal vein occlusion associated with a normal liver. The imaging features of portal vein thrombosis, its associated causes and sequelae will be reviewed as demonstrated on computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), angiography, and plain film.
Organizational influences on access to health care

Abstract This paper argues that organization-environment relations in health and related fields have a significant impact on patterns of referral and rejection. Two separate areas of research, i.e. basic research on organization-environment relations and research on two aspects of access to health care (referrals and rejections) are reviewed and integrated. Within an exchange framework propositions are developed concerning organizational resources, autonomy, and domain consensus. Finally, it is suggested that organization-environment relations and organizational structures influence the production of treated rates of various personal problems, rates which are often used in research as well as in program and policy decisions.
Wind events and food chain dynamics within the New York Bight 1, 2

Time series of wind, current, nutrients, chlorophyll, and zooplankton are used to examine the effect of storm events on the food chain dynamics of the New York Bjght. Storms cause dilution of phytoplankton concentration in the vertical plane, but lead to aggregation of chlorophyll in the horizontal field. Nutrients are made available with onshore flow in response to wind events favorable for upwelling. A series of nutrient budgets suggest that storm-induced mixing and upwelling of nitrate may satisfy at least 33% of the productivity demand of this system. Examples of the biological response to storms are drawn from 20 cruises during January, March, April-May, and August-September 1974, 1975, 1976, and 1977 under mixed and stratified conditions of the water column. The interaction of storms and seasonal stratification suggests predictable structure and frequency of chlorophyll distribution across the shelf which mav influence both the survival strategies of herbivores and the loci of energy transfer to the rest of the food chain.
Combinatorial Proofs of Fermat's, Lucas's, and Wilson's Theorems

(L(p)[Q], Q)k = (PQ, PQ)k+m = +IIell2m |> IIPII\QII, (5) showing that L(p) is positive. Therefore, we see that all eigenvalues of L(p) are positive and, on the basis of (5), that II P II| furnishes a lower bound for them. Furthermore, equality holds in (4) if and only if either P 0 or II P II| is the smallest eigenvalue of L(p) and Q is an eigenvector corresponding to it (unless Q = 0). A particular case in which equality holds in (4) occurs when P = P(y) belongs to Nm and Q = Q(z) to Nk, where y E RP, z E Rq, and IR = RP x Rq. Added in proof. Professor Luo Xuebo, who was one of his coauthor's Ph.D. supervisors, died in March 2004. Zhu-Jun Zheng expresses his deep respect for and everlasting memory of his deceased colleague and mentor.
From nanoparticles to hierarchical structures: Controlling the morphology of zeolite beta

Abstract Zeolite beta (Si/Al∼18) was synthesized from a single template reaction mixture in a one-step hydrothermal treatment. By adjusting the synthesis conditions, the formation of isolated nanocrystals or mesoporous aggregates of zeolite beta was achieved. Depending on the synthesis conditions, zeolite beta nanocrystals of approximately 20–150 nm in diameter or mesoporous aggregates of approximately 120–140 nm in diameter were prepared. The use of concentrated synthesis gels resulted in mesoporous aggregates of nanocrystals and diluted reaction mixtures resulted in isolated zeolite nanoparticles. The crystallinity of the samples determined from pXRD patterns is similar to that of commercially available micron-sized zeolite beta. The samples had surface areas of greater than 600 m2/g and mesopore volumes of 0.4–0.5 cc/g.
A case of conflicting norms? Mobilizing and accountability information in newspaper coverage of the autism-vaccine controversy

When reporting health risks, the news media are often criticized for omitting "mobilizing" information that allows readers to act on existing attitudes. Using American and British newspaper coverage of the autism-vaccine controversy as a case study, this article takes a "behind the scenes" look at normative pressures that may influence whether such information appears in coverage. In particular, can holding health officials accountable for their actions potentially "crowd out" mobilizing information? A content analysis suggests that mobilizing information (at least one of four examples) was present in only 16% of articles, compared to 38% that mentioned accountability messages (at least one of two examples). US newspapers were significantly more likely to mention at least one mobilization example. Finally, although only 11% discussed both, articles were more likely to discuss certain mobilizing and accountability examples together. Implications for journalism ethics and vaccine risk communication are discussed.