cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Christian Legal Theory

This paper is a review of a fine book of essays called Christian Perspectives on Legal Thought (Yale University Press 2001). The book points to an important gap between a society that includes tens of millions of people for whom Christianity defines reality, and a legal academic world where Christians are few, and most of those few are closeted. That gap sounds large. Yet most of the essays in Christian Perspectives make it seem surprisingly small: By and large, the authors take moderate positions that would find substantial support in secular law reviews. They may be right: Christianity has less to say about law and legal thought than even its adherents might suppose, and much of what it does have to say is surprisingly conventional. But Christianity is also a deeply subversive faith, and it has some subversive implications for how we think about law. In this review, I focus on two such implications. The first goes to how our legal system treats the poor. The second bears on what may be the defining feature of contemporary American legal thought: its arrogance. Notice the implication that is not on this list: moralism, the view that immoral behavior ought to be legally prohibited. That view turns out to be thoroughly inconsistent with Christianity. It follows that injecting Christian perspectives into legal theory might actually make legal theory more tolerant not, as is widely feared, less so. The review concludes by considering a different kind of Christian perspective: not how Christianity casts light on the law, but how the law might cast light on Christianity.
Analysis of the Subscales of the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale

The item responses comprising each of the five external dimensions and the three internal dimensions of the Tennessee Self-concept Scale were factor analyzed. The results indicated that seven of th...
Social Citizenship and Urban Revitalization in Canada

In this article, I trace how urban revitalization is tied to a rearticulation of social citizenship in Canada. Whilehousing policy was framed as a priority under the welfare state, there is a distinct transition whereby concernsabout public housing were displaced from federal and provincial agendas. Through reform, the state shiftedresponsibility for elements of social policy that were previously characterized as a national priority to localgovernments or the private sector, laying a foundation for neoliberal urban revitalization of public housing. Iexplore the relationality between the welfare state and neoliberal governance and the subsequent rearticulationof social citizenship in a postindustrial economic context. By providing an overview of key shifts in social/publichousing policy in Canada, with particular focus on Toronto, Ontario, I argue that housing policy and the urbanrevitalization of public housing are tools for a neoliberal rearticulation of social citizenship in Canada. Resume Dans cet article, j’analyse les liens entre la revitalisation urbaine et la rearticulation de la citoyennete sociale auCanada. Bien que les politiques de logement aient ete presentees comme une priorite de l’Etat providence, ily a eu une transition distincte menant au retrait du logement social de la liste de priorites des gouvernementsfederal et provinciaux. Par ses reformes, l’Etat a deplace la responsabilite de certains elements de politiques socialesautrefois consideres comme etant de priorite nationale vers les gouvernements locaux et le secteur prive,jetant ainsi les bases d’une revitalisation urbaine neoliberale du logement social. J’analyse la correlation entrel’Etat providence et la gouvernance neoliberale, et la rearticulation subsequente de la citoyennete sociale dansun contexte economique postindustriel. En presentant un apercu general des changements majeurs dans lespolitiques de logement social, en particulier a Toronto, en Ontario, je soutiens que les politiques de logementet la revitalisation urbaine du logement social sont des outils permettant une rearticulation neoliberale de lacitoyennete sociale au Canada.
Effectiveness of a multimodal intervention to increase vaccination in obstetrics/gynecology settings.

Abstract Objective To test the effectiveness of a multimodal intervention in obstetrics/gynecology (ob-gyn) clinics to increase uptake of influenza and tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccines in pregnant women and these vaccines plus human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in non-pregnant women. Methods A cluster randomized controlled trial among 9 private ob-gyn practices in Colorado from 9/2011 to 5/2014. The intervention consisted of: designation of immunization champions, staff/provider trainings, assistance with vaccine purchasing/management, identification of eligible patients, standing order implementation, chart review/feedback, and patient education materials. Control practices continued usual care. Primary outcomes were receipt of influenza and Tdap vaccines among pregnant women and these vaccines plus HPV vaccine among non-pregnant women, comparing a Baseline period (Year 0/Year 1) to Year 2, intervention versus control. With an estimated sample size of 32,590 per arm, there would be >80% power to detect a 10% difference between groups. Results In the Baseline period, 27% of pregnant women in both intervention and control practices received influenza vaccine. In Year 2, 29% of pregnant women in intervention practices received influenza vaccine versus 41% in control practices. In the Baseline period, 18% of pregnant women in intervention practices received Tdap vaccine versus 22% in control practices. Both intervention and control practices increased to 51% in Year 2, representing an increase of 33% for intervention practices and 29% for control practices, consistent with a change in Tdap recommendations. Relatively few HPV, influenza or Tdap vaccines (≤6% of eligible patients) were given to non-pregnant patients in either intervention or control practices at any time during the study. Conclusion In this cluster randomized trial designed to increase vaccination uptake, both intervention and control practices showed improved vaccination of pregnant but not non-pregnant patients. Future work should focus on tailoring evidence-based immunization practices or developing new approaches to specifically fit busy ob-gyn offices.
Percutaneous closure of left ventricle pseudoaneurysm using 3D printed heart model for procedure planning: A novel approach

Left ventricle pseudoaneurysm is a rare complication of myocardial infarction that carries a high risk of mortality. In this report, we present a case of successful percutaneous closure of left ventricle pseudoaneurysm using 3D printing for procedure guidance.
Reasons People Who Use Opioids Do Not Accept or Carry No-Cost Naloxone: Qualitative Interview Study.

Background: Many people use opioids and are at risk of overdose. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used to counter the effects of opioid overdose. There is an increased availability of naloxone in New York City; however, many who use opioids decline no-cost naloxone even when offered. Others may have the medication but opt not to carry it and report that they would be reluctant to administer it if they were to witness an overdose. Objective: We aim to better understand why people who use opioids may be reluctant to accept, carry, and administer naloxone, and to inform the development of messaging content that addresses barriers to its acceptance and use. Methods: We conducted formative qualitative interviews with 20 people who use opioids who are 18 years and older in New York City. Participants were recruited via key informants and chain referral. Results: Participants cited 4 main barriers that may impede rates of naloxone acceptance, possession, and use: (1) stigma related to substance use, (2) indifference toward overdose, (3) fear of negative consequences of carrying naloxone, and (4) fear of misrecognizing the need for naloxone. Participants also offered suggestions about messaging content to tackle the identified barriers, including messages designed to normalize naloxone possession and use, encourage shared responsibility for community health, and elicit empathy for people who use drugs. Taken together, participants’ narratives hold implications for the following potential messaging content: (1) naloxone is short-acting, and withdrawal sickness does not have to be long-lasting; (2) it is critical to accurately identify an opioid-involved overdose; (3) anyone can overdose; (4) naloxone cannot do harm; and (5) the prompt administration of the medication can help ensure that someone can enjoy another day. Finally, participants suggested that messaging should also debunk myths and stereotypes about people who use drugs more generally; people who use opioids who reverse overdoses should be framed as lay public health advocates and not just “others” to be managed with stigmatizing practices and language. Conclusions: It must be made a public health priority to get naloxone to people who use opioids who are best positioned to reverse an overdose, and to increase the likelihood that they will carry naloxone and use it when needed. Developing, tailoring, and deploying messages to address stigma, indifference toward overdose, fear and trepidation about reversing an overdose, and fear of police involvement may help alleviate fears among some people who are reluctant to obtain naloxone and use the medication on someone in an overdose situation.
High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T and the risk of heart failure in postmenopausal women of the ARIC Study.

Objective We investigated isolated and joint effects of early menopause (occurrence before 45 y of age) and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T elevation (hs-cTnT ≥ 14 ng/L) on heart failure (HF) incidence in postmenopausal women. Methods We included 2,276 postmenopausal women, aged 67-90 years, with hs-cTnT measurements and without prevalent HF from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study Visit 5 (2011-2013). Women were categorized according to early menopause and hs-cTnT group. Cox proportional hazards models were used for analysis. Results Over a median follow-up of 5.5 years, we observed 104 HF events. The incidence rates of HF were greater in women with hs-cTnT elevation when compared to those without hs-cTnT elevation. In unadjusted analysis, the hazard ratios for incident HF were threefold greater in women with hs-cTnT elevation, with or without early menopause, (3.03 [95% CI, 1.59-5.77]) and (3.29 [95% CI, 2.08-5.21]), respectively, but not significantly greater in women with early menopause without hs-cTnT elevation, when compared to women with neither early menopause nor hs-cTnT elevation at Visit 5. After adjusting for HF risk factors and NT-pro B-type natriuretic peptide, these associations were attenuated and became nonsignificant for women with hs-cTnT elevation, but became stronger and significant for women with early menopause without hs-cTnT elevation (2.39 [95% CI, 1.28-4.46]). Conclusions Irrespective of early menopause status, hs-cTnT elevation is associated with greater HF incidence but this association is partially explained by HF risk factors. Even in the absence of hs-cTnT elevation, early menopause is significantly associated with HF incidence after accounting for HF risk factors.
Nudging patients and surgeons to change ambulatory surgery pain management: Results from an opioid buyback program.

Abstract Background Optimal postoperative opioid stewardship combines adequate pain medication to control expected discomfort while avoiding abuse and community diversion of unused prescribed opioids. We hypothesized that an opioid buyback program would motivate patients to return unused opioids, and surgeons will use that data to calibrate prescribing. Methods Prospective cohort study of postambulatory surgery pain management at a level II Veterans Affairs rural hospital (2017–2019). Eligible patients were offered $5/unused opioid pill ($50 limit) returned to our Veterans Affairs hospital for proper disposal. After 6 months, buyback data was shared with each surgical specialty. Results Overall, 934 of 1,880 (49.7%) eligible ambulatory surgery patients were prescribed opioids and invited to participate in the opioid buyback. We had 281 patients (30%) return 3,165 unused opioid pills; this return rate remained constant over the study period. In 2017, 62.4% of patients were prescribed an opioid; after data was shared with providers, prescriptions for opioids were reduced to 50.7% and 38.3% of eligible patients in 2018 and 2019, respectively (P Conclusion A small financial incentive resulted in patients returning unused opioids after ambulatory surgery. Feedback to surgeons regarding opioids returned reduced the proportion of patients prescribed an opioid and the amount of opioid after ambulatory surgery without an increase in refills.
Trajectories of psychological distress among individuals exposed to the 9/11 World Trade Center disaster.

Background Individuals present in lower Manhattan during the 9/11 World Trade Center (WTC) disaster suffered from significant physical and psychological trauma. Studies of longitudinal psychological distress among those exposed to trauma have been limited to relatively short durations of follow-up among smaller samples. Methods The current study longitudinally assessed heterogeneity in trajectories of psychological distress among WTC Health Registry enrollees - a prospective cohort health study of responders, students, employees, passersby, and residents in the affected area (N = 30 839) - throughout a 15-year period following the WTC disaster. Rescue/recovery status and exposure to traumatic events of 9/11, as well as sociodemographic factors and health status, were assessed as risk factors for trajectories of psychological distress. Results Five psychological distress trajectory groups were found: none-stable, low-stable, moderate-increasing, moderate-decreasing, and high-stable. Of the study sample, 78.2% were classified as belonging to the none-stable or low-stable groups. Female sex, being younger at the time of 9/11, lower education and income were associated with a higher probability of being in a greater distress trajectory group relative to the none-stable group. Greater exposure to traumatic events of 9/11 was associated with a higher probability of a greater distress trajectory, and community members (passerby, residents, and employees) were more likely to be in greater distress trajectory groups - especially in the moderate-increasing [odds ratios (OR) 2.31 (1.97-2.72)] and high-stable groups [OR 2.37 (1.81-3.09)] - compared to the none-stable group. Conclusions The current study illustrated the heterogeneity in psychological distress trajectories following the 9/11 WTC disaster, and identified potential avenues for intervention in future disasters.
In-hospital resuscitation.

Resuscitation began in the hospital setting nearly 40 years ago and little has been done since that time to provide a critical evaluation of the process by which resuscitation is performed. Recent regulatory and federal guidelines are forcing hospitals to assess both process and outcome variables to improve the care given to victims of cardiac arrest (CA). The purpose of this chapter is to review process evaluation issues for hospital-based resuscitation programs and to describe the National Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (NRCPR) as a tool for enhancing quality improvement and resuscitation science in the hospital.
Socialist transition in the capitalist periphery: A case study of agriculture in Zimbabwe

Abstract Zimbabwe's liberation struggle yielded a government publically committed to socialist transition. The plan was for ZANU-PF, the ruling party, to seize control of the state and restructure the economy as part of a Marxist-Leninist vanguard party. A primary transformation objective was to develop black agriculture through the establishment of producer cooperatives and state farms while increasing support to peasant farmers. Internal and external constraints, international pressure, and a growing class alliance between the black bourgeoisie, white-settler farmers and emergent peasant producers effectively stifled prospects for radical agrarian restructuring. A conservative bi-modal agricultural strategy became the backbone of government policy. Large-scale capitalist agriculture was maintained and supported. A small-farm development effort was increasingly targeted to ‘progressive’ black farmers. At the present time, class formation in Zimbabwe's labor reserves is accelerating. Food surpluses have not resulted in improved nutrition nationally. Historical processes of black farm marginalization—particularly in semi-arid regions and amongst unwaged households—continue. Capitalist consolidation of white-settler agriculture is accelerating the substitution of labor for capital at a time when national unemployment is skyrocketing. The capital and land resources necessary to restructure agriculture are monopolized by large-scale capitalist farmers. The development of capitalism in Zimbabwean agriculture is generating growth but intensifying spatial and social agrarian differentiation. This is consistent with classical Marxian interpretations of the agrarian question. It is unlikely that rural Zimbabweans will experience anything resembling a socialist transition in the short-term. But numerous contradictions associated with capitalist agricultural development may ultimately create socio-economic conditions supportive of a socialist economic development strategy. Political pressures for land reform are presently intensifying. In Zimbabwe, the struggle for control of political power and economic resources has shifted from race to class in a very short period of time.
Progesterone-binding Protein of Chick Oviduct VI. INTERACTION OF PURIFIED PROGESTERONE-RECEPTOR COMPONENTS WITH NUCLEAR CONSTITUENTS

Abstract Components A and B of the chick oviduct progesterone-binding protein system have been prepared by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Both components are shown to bind [3H]progesterone in vivo and to accumulate in oviduct nuclei in vitro. Neither component preparation contains detectable enzymatic activity for metabolizing progesterone in vitro. Each component can enter nuclei separately where both are strongly retained bound to nuclear chromatin. In vitro assays for the interaction of the components with DNA and chromatin acidic proteins were used to study binding specificity of the components. Component A binds to DNA from several sources but Component B does not bind to DNA. Conversely, Component B binds to purified oviduct chromatin and retains target organ specificity, but Component A does not bind to purified chromatin. The two types of binding activity characteristic of crude cytosol progesterone receptor, namely, the association with DNA and with target cell chromatin proteins have thus been resolved and shown to reside in receptor Components A and B, respectively.
Physical properties and polydispersity of proteoglycan from bovine nasal cartilage.

Abstract Eighty per cent of the proteoglycan of bovine nasal cartilage can be recovered in a purified preparation known as proteoglycan subunit; the preparation contains 87% chondroitin sulfate, 6% keratan sulfate, and 7% protein. The physical properties of proteoglycan subunit are not affected by exposure to 4 m guanidinium chloride, to reducing agents, or to pH 2.7. Proteoglycan subunit contains a single class of macromolecules. However, the macromolecules are polydisperse because they exhibit a continuous distribution of sedimentation coefficients. At infinite dilution, 80% of the molecules have sedimentation velocities in 0.5 m guanidinium chloride between 15 and 35 S, with a weight average of 25 S. The macromolecules occupy large, approximately spherical domains in solution; as much as 55 ml of solvent is entrained per g of solute. Combined rheological and centrifugal analyses suggest that the molecular weight polydispersity of proteoglycan subunit is closely approximated by a Gaussian curve with a mean of 2.5 x 106 and a standard deviation of 1.2 x 106. A method is described by which the macromolecules of proteoglycan subunit can be partitioned into three major fractions with approximate average molecular weights of 1.8, 2.5, and 3.0 x 106. In 0.5 m guanidinium chloride, the limiting viscosity numbers of these fractions vary only as the 0.2 power of their molecular weight, a consequence of the fact that the macromolecules are highly branched polymers. Analyses of these fractions suggest that the proteoglycan subunit contains only one type of protein and that polydispersity is the result primarily of differences in the number of chondroitin sulfate chains attached to the protein.
Reversibility of the epidermal growth factor receptor self-phosphorylation reaction. Evidence for formation of a high energy phosphotyrosine bond.

Abstract The reversibility of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor self-phosphorylation reaction was studied using highly purified receptor from A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells. Self-phosphorylation is inhibited by the reaction product ADP in a dose-dependent manner exhibiting an IC50 approximately 2 microM. In addition, phosphorylated EGF receptor can be rapidly dephosphorylated in the presence of ADP. The dephosphorylation reaction results in equimolar production of ATP and loss of phosphate from the receptor. The reverse reaction is dependent on time and ADP exhibiting a t1/2 of 15 s and a Km(ADP) = 0.40 +/- 0.14 microM. The dephosphorylation reaction can be effectively inhibited by an exogenous peptide substrate for the forward reaction, i.e., the src-peptide (a synthetic peptide corresponding to one of the self-phosphorylation sites in p60v-src). This suggests that the dephosphorylation reaction is intrinsic to the EGF receptor. The equilibrium constant, K, for the self-phosphorylation reaction was estimated to be 0.5-1.6 using kinetic and reactant/product concentration analyses. Assuming that the standard free energy change, delta G0, for ATP hydrolysis is -9.5 kcal/mol, an observed delta G0 for hydrolysis of the EGF receptor phosphotyrosine bond was calculated to be -9 to -10 kcal/mol. These results indicate that the EGF receptor self-phosphorylation reaction, which appears important in the regulation of EGF receptor function, is readily reversible and that the phosphotyrosine bond formed by this reaction is of relatively high energy.
Inductive learning in less than one sequential data scan

Most recent research of scalable inductive learning on very large dataset, decision tree construction in particular, focuses on eliminating memory constraints and reducing the number of sequential data scans. However, state-of-the-art decision tree construction algorithms still require multiple scans over the data set and use sophisticated control mechanisms and data structures. We first discuss a general inductive learning framework that scans the dataset exactly once. Then, we propose an extension based on Hoeffding's inequality that scans the dataset less than once. Our frameworks are applicable to a wide range of inductive learners.
Inhibition of acid secretion in dog by metiamide, a histamine antagonist acting on H2 receptors.

In dogs with Heidenhain pouches and gastric fistulae of the main stomach, metiamide, a histamine antagonist of the H2-blocking variety, in a dose of 12 µmoles kg-1 intravenously, inhibited gastric acid secretion during stimulation by histamine, pentagastrin, 2-deoxyglucose, and food (liver extract). Atropine sulfate (0.14 µmole kg-1 intravenously) also inhibited the response to all of these stimulants except histamine. To account for these findings, we speculate that the receptors on the parietal cell for histamine, gastrin, and acetylcholine interact.
Analysis of discrete lifetime data under middle-censoring and in the presence of covariates

‘Middle censoring’ is a very general censoring scheme where the actual value of an observation in the data becomes unobservable if it falls inside a random interval (L, R) and includes both left and right censoring. In this paper, we consider discrete lifetime data that follow a geometric distribution that is subject to middle censoring. Two major innovations in this paper, compared to the earlier work of Davarzani and Parsian [3], include (i) an extension and generalization to the case where covariates are present along with the data and (ii) an alternate approach and proofs which exploit the simple relationship between the geometric and the exponential distributions, so that the theory is more in line with the work of Iyer et al. [6]. It is also demonstrated that this kind of discretization of life times gives results that are close to the original data involving exponential life times. Maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters is studied for this middle-censoring scheme with covariates and their ...
Carbon monoxide-induced Parkinsonism

Abstract The entity of carbon monoxide-induced Parkinsonism is reviewed. Two distinct clinical pictures are described which follow carbon monoxide exposure and which have been labeled “Parkinsonian.” Most cases previously reported showed signs of diffuse neurological involvement with some Parkinsonian features, but the individual patients' clinical manifestations did not resemble those of true Parkinsonism. A few reported cases did show a clinical course resembling that of progressive Parkinsonism following either acute or chronic exposure to carbon monoxide. A patient with severe and rapidly-progressive Parkinsonism following recurrent exposure to carbon monoxide is described. The Parkinsonian state in this patient began almost 4 years after the last known severe exposure to carbon monoxide. The patient improved remarkably when given levodopa.
The role of class 1 and 2 integrons in mediating antimicrobial resistance among canine and feline clinical E. coli isolates from the US.

Abstract Integrons are mobile genetic elements that incorporate an open reading frame or gene cassettes. They have an important role in the acquisition and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes. Yet the occurrence of integrons carrying antimicrobial resistance genes in bacterial pathogens of pet animals is seldom addressed. The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence of class 1 and 2 integrons in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli (n = 82) from cats and dogs provided by diagnostic laboratories in five States of the USA. An association between resistance genes in the integrons and the isolates’ phenotypes was found. Integrons were detected using PCR and then further characterized by restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis and amplicon sequencing. Class 1 integrons were detected in 27% of the isolates, while only 2% (n = 2) of the isolates were positive for the presence of class 2 integrons. Seventy-two percent (n = 59) of the isolates did not carry integrons. Eleven gene cassettes were found either alone or in combination with other gene cassettes, which encoded resistance to aminoglycosides (aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aacA4, and aadB), trimethoprim (dfrA1, dhfrA17, and dfrA12), chloramphenicol (catB3 and cmlA6), and streptothricin (sat1), respectively. All integron-positive isolates were characterized by resistance to least two drug classes and 35% produced extended-spectrum β-lactamases. The association of integrons carried on plasmids and antimicrobial resistance was confirmed by curing experiments for three isolates. Resistance was resolved once large plasmids (size range 97–169 kb) carrying the class 1 integron were lost. Therefore, integrons appear to have an essential role in facilitating the dissemination of the resistance genes and contributing to the creation of multi-drug resistant phenotypes.
Passive Mechanical Behavior of Human Neutrophils: Effects of Colchicine and Paclitaxel

Abstract The role of microtubules in determining the mechanical rigidity of neutrophils was assessed. Neutrophils were treated with colchicine to disrupt microtubules, or with paclitaxel to promote formation of microtubules. Paclitaxel caused an increase in the number of microtubules in the cells as assessed by immunofluorescence, but it had no effect on the presence or organization of actin filaments or on cellular mechanical properties. Colchicine at concentrations μ M caused disruption of microtubular structures, but had little effect on either F-actin or on cellular mechanical properties. Higher concentrations of colchicine disrupted microtubular structure, but also caused increased actin polymerization and increases in cell rigidity. Treatment with 10 μ M colchicine increased F-actin content by 17%, the characteristic cellular viscosity by 30%, the dependence of viscosity on shear rate by 10%, and the cortical tension by 18%. At 100 μ M colchicine the corresponding increases were F-actin, 25%; characteristic viscosity, 50%; dependence of viscosity on shear rate, 20%; and cortical tension, 21%. These results indicate that microtubules have little influence on the mechanical properties of neutrophils, and that increases in cellular rigidity caused by high concentrations of colchicine are due to a secondary effect that triggers actin polymerization. This study supports the conclusion that actin filaments are the primary structural determinants of neutrophil mechanical properties.
Recurrent symptoms and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in patients with duodenal ulcer treated for Helicobacter pylori infection.

Background: Eradication of Helicobacter pylori has been shown to prevent relapse of endoscopically detected duodenal ulcers. There is controversy regarding symptom improvement after therapy. Some studies have suggested that a substantial number of patients remain symptomatic after eradication therapy. Other studies suggest that gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may develop as a result of H. pylori eradication. Aim: To determine the relationship between symptoms and H. pylori eradication and to determine whether H. pylori eradication results in symptoms or endoscopic findings of GERD. Methods: Two hundred and forty-two patients with endoscopically documented duodenal ulcer disease and evidence of H. pylori infection by rapid urease testing and histology were studied in four randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials of H. pylori eradication therapy. All patients underwent symptom assessment and endoscopy with biopsy before therapy and 1 and 6 months after completing therapy. The rapid urease test and histology were used to determine H. pylori status. Interviewers were blinded to H. pylori status after eradication and were unaware of the endoscopic findings (interviews were performed prior to repeat endoscopy). Results: The presence of epigastric pain was significantly associated with persistent H. pylori infection 1 month after therapy (odds ratio 2.3, 95% CI: 1.02–5.2; P=0.041), as was nausea (OR 7.1, 95% CI: 0.93–55.6; P=0.029). The presence of epigastric pain was significantly associated with ulcer relapse at 6 months (OR 7.5, 95% CI: 3.6–15.7; P < 0.001) as was nausea (OR 5.1, 95% CI: 1.7–16.0; P=0.002). Heartburn was not associated with eradication of H. pylori or ulcer relapse. New onset reflux symptoms were reported by 17% (17 of 101 patients) at 6 months and were not significantly different in patients with (15%) and without (22%) persistent H. pylori infection (P=0.47). Erosive oesophagitis was present at endoscopy in one of the 17 cases that developed new heartburn. Conclusions: One month after completion of therapy, the presence of epigastric pain or nausea is associated with persistent infection and these symptoms at 6 months are suggestive of duodenal ulcer relapse. The incidence of GERD is not increased in patients who have eradication of H. pylori.
Infinite matrices with “few” non-zero entries and without non-trivial invariant subspaces

Abstract In this paper we investigate a family of infinite matrices that act on l 1 . We derive a condition sufficient to guarantee that a matrix has no non-trivial closed invariant subspaces. As a result, a simplest known operator on l 1 without invariant subspaces is obtained. All entries of the matrix of the example but one are non-negative.
Hedging with weather derivatives: a role for options in reducing basis risk

Weather derivatives represent an important financial innovation for risk management. As with the use of any derivatives contract, the behaviour of the basis ultimately determines the net-hedged outcome. However, when using weather derivatives to hedge volumetric risks, risk managers often face unique basis risks arising from both the choice of weather station where a derivatives contract is written, as well as the relationship between the hedged volume and the underlying weather index. Using the encompassing principle, this research shows that the nonlinear relationship often found between crop yields and weather creates a specific hedging role for options. The results suggest that weather derivative instruments with nonlinear pay-offs, such as options, be used solely or in combination with linear payoff instruments, such as swaps or futures, to minimize basis risk associated with the nonlinear relationship between yields and weather. This research also suggests that the choice of weather station may be l...
Coverage error for confidence intervals arising in simulation output analysis

Coverage error asymptotics for confidence intervals arising in simulation are discussed. Asymptotic expansions, to order O(n-1) (n is the sample size), are given for confidence intervals associated with sequences of independent and identically distributed random variables, as well as regenerative processes. Implications for simulation are emphasized.
Abandoning Iraq: Jordan's alliances and the politics of state identity

(1998). Abandoning Iraq: Jordan's alliances and the politics of state identity. Security Studies: Vol. 8, The Origins of National Interests, pp. 347-388.
Calcium-independent phospholipid/diolein-dependent phosphorylation of a soluble ovarian Mr 80 000 substrate protein : biochemical characteristics

Abstract Soluble ovarian extracts were incubated with protein kinase effectors in the presence of [ γ 32 P]ATP and proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Autoradiograms revealed phosphorylation of an ovarian M r = 80 000 substrate in the presence of EGTA ([ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid), phosphatidylserine and 1,2-diolein. In contrast to a classical response pattern to C-kinase effectors, the ovarian M r = 80 000 phosphorylation was inhibited by 2·10 −7 M or greater free Ca 2+ . The ovarian M r = 80 000 substrate was distinguished from the myristoylated acidic M r = 80 000 C-kinase substrate of brain tissue on the basis of heat stability and phosphorylative response to effectors. Phosphorylation of the exogenous substrate myelin basic protein by DEAE-resolved ovarian kinase showed the variant effector dependence, maximal in the presence of EGTA, phospatidylserine and 1,2-diolein. Finally, the effect of Ca 2+ on ovarian M r = 80 000 [ 32 P]phosphate content could not be accounted for by post-phosphorylation activities, or by DEAE-resolvable or hydroxylapatite-resolvable inhibitory activities.
Modified shuffled schedule for nonbinary low-density parity-check codes

In this paper, a shuffled schedule of the Min-Max decoding algorithm is proposed for nonbinary LDPC codes. To reduce the latency and memory requirement, a modified shuffled schedule with much simpler check node processing is also proposed, based on a new shuffle sort algorithm. Numerical simulations for three LDPC codes over GF(32) with different lengths and rates show: (1) both the shuffled and modified shuffled schedule converge faster and have slightly better error performance than the flooding schedule, and (2) the degradation of the modified shuffled schedule in error performance as well as convergence rate is negligible.
Crop Residue Effects on Electrical Conductivity of Tennessee Valley Soils

Electrical conductivity (ECa) measurements taken with soil-contact sensors are commonly used to evaluate field-scale soil variability. Several studies have evaluated soil property effects on ECa, however, relatively few studies have evaluated the impacts of crop residues on these measurements. Crop residues may impact ECa readings, thus affecting the ability of ECa to depict spatial patterns of static soil properties. Residue effects on ECa measurements were evaluated in the intensively cropped Tennessee Valley region of Alabama where the adoption of conservation tillage practices that utilize cover crops is increasing. Ten transects (3.1 m wide by 73.2 m long) were established within a 0.22 ha (30.5 m×73.2 m) no-till field in a corn (Zea mays L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation. Soils classified in fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Paleudults. Geo-referenced ECa measurements (at 0–30 and 30–90 cm depths) collected with a coulter mounted direct-contact sensor ...
Disparate Replication Properties of Integrated and Extrachromosomal Forms of Bovine Papilloma Virus in ID13 Cells

Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) previously has been reported to exist in transformed rodent cell lines as both chromosomally integrated and extrachromosomal forms. In the BPV-transformed mouse cell line ID13, extrachromosomal BPV molecules replicate throughout S phase of the cell cycle in a random choice mode. We report here that these replication properties were altered for chromosomally integrated BPV DNA in five independent ID13 subclones. In all of the subclones, the integrated BPV sequences, which had no detectable deletions or mutations, existed in head-to-tail tandem arrays that replicated once per cell cycle, predominantly late in S phase. In contrast, extrachromosomal BPV molecules present in other subclones of the same cell line replicated in the random choice mode observed previously for non-integrated BPV. Our results indicate that the replication origin of integrated BPV either is inactivated as a consequence of chromosomal insertion, leading to the replication of BPV from origins in the flanking chromosomal DNA, or alternatively is reprogrammed to function in a once-per-cell cycle mode predominantly late in S phase.
Distribution of nucleotides in Escherichia coli DNA from φ80 transducing bacteriophage

Abstract Escherichia coli DNA in the neighborhood of the φ80 attachment site, including the tryptophan operon, an ochre suppressor gene ( su c ) and F lac DNA transposed into the same region, was analyzed. DNA isolated from the transducing phages φ80 pt 1 , φ80 pt 0 , φ80 dsu c and φ80 d 1 lac was fragmented by shear and fractionated with respect to buoyant density of mercury complexes in cesium sulphate. Bacterial and episomal DNA components were identified by hybridization experiments. A segment containing the tryptophan operon consists of DNA ranging in G + C content from 43 to 57%, and the operator proximal end is richer in G + C. The composition of a segment between su c and att 80 varies in the same range, with an average G + C content of 51%. A segment containing lactose genes is more homogeneous, with an average G + C content of 54%. A portion of F factor, recovered from φ80 d 1 lac , ranges in G + C content from 37 to 52%.
CITIZEN RATINGS OF THE IMPORTANCE OF SELECTED POLICE DUTIES

ABSTRACT This paper reports on citizen ratings of the importance of different police duties. Nine cumulative logistical regression models are estimated using data from a city-wide survey of urban conditions and sendees, and the effects of 77 independent variables compared across the 9 models. The findings indicate differences for 7 of the 9 models. The most consistent differences across models are for race-ethnicity and marital status. In addition, the parameter estimates for income, education, age, and gender is significant for some of the models. No significant parameter estimates were found for the models for investigating drug crimes and investigating gang activity. Nearly all respondents, regardless of personal and social characteristics, gave high ratings to these two duties.
On some sequencing problems in finite groups

Abstract A finite group is called Z-sequenceable if its non-identity elements can be listed x1, x2, …, xn so that xixi+1 for i = 1, 2, …, n − 1. Various necessary and sufficient conditions are determined for such sequencings to exist. In particular, it is proved that if n ⩾ 3, then the symmetric group Sn is not Z-sequenceable.
The deltopectoral triangle as a landmark for percutaneous infraclavicular cannulation of the subclavian vein

An anatomic landmark is identified and described that simplifies the technique of central venous cannulation via the subclavian vein. The commonly used techniques are an approach to the subclavian at the junction of the medial and middle thirds of the clavicle or at the midclavicular line. A described anatomic landmark, the deltopectoral triangle, is easily identified in virtually all patients and requires no measuring or extensive knowledge of anatomy for localization. Penetration of the skin at this landmark facilitates the procedure and produces less patient discomfort. Using this technique, the authors have successfully cannulated the subclavian vein in 92.7% (51/55) of attempts with a 5.5% (3/55) complication rate. The only complications were arterial punctures, which were treated with pressure and were of no consequence to the patient.
Competitive Activation of N−C and C−H Bonds of the PNP Framework by Monovalent Rhodium and Iridium

This work describes how reactions of oxidative addition of N−C and C−H bonds are in competition in the PNP-ligated Rh and Ir complexes. Iridium appears to have a higher preference than Rh for the C−H activation over the N−C activation, and the Ir C−H activated complexes are more kinetically stable than their Rh analogues. A new generation of a diarylamido-based PNP pincer is presented, a “tied” PNP ligand 1c based on the iminodibenzyl substructure. This ligand is more definitively prearranged for binding to a metal center in a meridional, anionic PNP fashion. As a result, its N−C cleavage reactions (that lead to complexes of anionic PNP) are faster than for the “untied” ligands 1a,b. Structural evidence indicates that the “tied” anionic PNP pincer ligand is bulkier than the “untied” ligands when bearing the same substituents on the donor atoms because of the influence of the conformation of the pincer backbone. The “tied” pincer ligand also allows for the observation of the products of activation of the C...
Summer and winter nonmethane hydrocarbon emissions from on-road motor vehicles in the Midwestern United States.

Abstract On-road vehicle emission rates of nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) were measured in two tunnels in Milwaukee, WI, in summer 2000 and winter 2001. Seasonal ambient temperatures in the Midwestern United States vary more widely than in locations where most studies of NMHC emissions from vehicle fleets have been conducted. Ethanol is the added fuel oxygenate in the area, and, thus, emissions measured here are of interest as other regions phase out methyl tertiary butyl ether and increase the use of ethanol. Total emissions of NMHCs in three types of tunnel tests averaged 4560 ± 800 mg L−1 fuel burned (average ± standard error). To investigate the impact of cold start on vehicle emissions, samples were collected as vehicles exited a parking structure in subzero temperatures. NMHC emissions in the subzero cold-start test were 8830 ± 190 mg L−1 fuel–nearly double the tunnel emissions. Comparison of ambient data for the Milwaukee area with tunnel emissions showed the impact of seasonal differences in fuel...
Zur zentralen Regulation des Fettstoffwechsels der Hautoberfläche

1. Es wurde, um die zentrale Regulation der Ausscheidung des Hautoberflachenfettes bei Kaninchen zu untersuchen, eine operative Schadigung im Mittelzwischenhirn gesetzt.
Imaging the human vocal folds in vivo with optical coherence tomography: a preliminary experience.

Objectives:Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and polarization-sensitive OCT (PS-OCT) are promising noninvasive methods for in vivo, cross-sectional imaging of the microstructure of the vocal folds. Previous studies in other tissues have shown an axial resolution of less than 10 μm and a maximum imaging depth of about 2 mm. The objectives of this pilot study were to obtain images from the vocal folds of subjects who were being evaluated and/or treated for vocal fold disease and to evaluate how well normal and pathologic microstructure could be seen in these images.Methods:Twenty-six vocal folds in 13 subjects were imaged with a flexible OCT probe. The images were successfully collected from subjects who were either topically anesthetized or under general anesthesia for microlaryngoscopic procedures.Results:The thickness of the epithelium, the relative collagen content of the subepithelial connective tissue, and certain characteristic features of lesions (including cysts, scarring, and papilloma) were seen...
Clinical outcomes of atypical extra-esophageal reflux symptoms following laparoscopic antireflux surgery.

Introduction While it is well established that antireflux surgery is effective in relieving typical gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms such as heartburn and regurgitation, it is currently unclear whether atypical symptoms (cough, hoarseness, wheeze) foreshadow a less satisfactory outcome following laparoscopic antireflux surgery (LARS). The purpose of this study is to critically analyze the clinical outcomes of atypical symptoms in patients undergoing LARS.
Leukotriene receptor blockade reduces bile acid-induced superficial gastric mucosal injury

Leukotriene C4 and D4 are putative mediators of the severe gastric mucosal injury caused by a variety of topical irritants. The purpose of this present study was (1) to investigate the effect of pretreatment with topical leukotriene C4 and D4 on the more superficial injury caused by low concentrations of bile acid and (2) to determine the effect of leukotriene receptor blockade, alone and during leukotriene pretreatment, on this injury. Prior to injury with topical 5 mM acidified taurocholate (pH 1.2) rat stomachs were pretreated with either normal saline, leukotriene C4 or D4, SKF-104353 (a leukotriene receptor antagonist), SKF-104353/LTC4, or SKF-104353/LTD4. Injury was assessed by measuring hydrogen ion flux and DNA efflux, a marker of gastric mucosal cell exfoliation. Both LTC4 and LTD4 significantly increased bile acid-induced luminal hydrogen ion loss and DNA efflux. Leukotriene receptor blockade not only blocked this effect, but also significantly decreased the injury from bile acid alone. Thus, both LTC4 and LTD4 exacerbate the superficial gastric mucosal injury caused by physiologic concentrations of bile acids. Leukotriene receptor blockade with SKF-104353 completely blocks these effects and reduces injury from bile acid alone.