cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-Resolution NMR Analysis of the Conformations of Native and Base Analog Substituted Retroviral and LTR-Retrotransposon PPT Primers

A purine-rich region of the plus-strand RNA genome of retroviruses and long terminal repeat (LTR)-containing retrotransposons, known as the polypurine tract (PPT), is resistant to hydrolysis by the RNase H domain of reverse transcriptase (RT) and ultimately serves as a primer for plus-strand DNA synthesis. The mechanisms underlying PPT resistance and selective processing remain largely unknown. Here, two RNA/DNA hybrids derived from the PPTs of HIV-1 and Ty3 were probed using high-resolution NMR for preexisting structural distortions in the absence of RT. The PPTs were selectively modified through base-pair changes or by incorporation of the thymine isostere, 2,4-difluoro-5-methylbenzene (dF), into the DNA strand. Although both wild-type (WT) and mutated hybrids adopted global A-form-like helical geometries, observed structural perturbations in the base-pair and dF-modified hybrids suggested that the PPT hybrids may function as structurally coupled domains.
Sampling Errors in Measurement of Mean Precipitation

Abstract Data from two dense networks of raingages in Illinois were used to obtain estimates of sampling errors in the measurement of areal mean precipitation on areas of 50–550 mi2 with investigations being made of storm, monthly, and seasonal precipitation. Storm data were grouped also according to season, precipitation type, and synoptic storm type to evaluate the relation between these factors and the sampling error. Storm sampling error was then related to areal mean precipitation, storm duration, area, and gage density within each data grouping. Several transformations of the above parameters were tested and results indicated a slight superiority for logarithms, followed by cube roots, square roots, and a logarithm-square root combination of the parameters. For a given sampling error, the gage density needed in warm season storms was 2–3 times greater than that required in the colder part of the year. Air mass storms required the greatest sampling density among synoptic storm types. Unstable types o...
Knowledge Work Through Social Media Applications: Team Performance Implications of Immersive Virtual Worlds

Knowledge is key to competitive advantage, and the social reach of knowledge can amplify its power in terms of organizational performance. Leveraging such amplification, social media applications are expected broadly to improve the performance of organizational work, which highlights teams, groups, and organizations as particularly appropriate units of analysis. The technological intermediation of knowledge work within and among such social aggregations of people remains a complex endeavor, however. This pertains in particular to immersive, 3D environments supporting virtual social and game worlds. As with other social media applications, such virtual worlds can amplify knowledge broadly, but they also offer potential to approach the sensations of face-to-face (F2F) interaction in terms of presence, copresence, psychological engrossment, and affective experience. In this exploratory study, we employ both quantitative and qualitative research techniques to investigate how teamwork performed through virtual...
Bradford distribution and core authors in classification systems literature

By applying of Bradford's law to analysis of the source documents and their references by classification systems researchers in the world, this paper presents core authors of the field during the period 1981–1990. The findings show that 1) core authors of the international classification systems literature are the Library of Congress, M. Dewey, S. Ranganathan, J. Comaromi, A. Neelameghan, L. Chan and K. Markey; 2) the highly cited authors are linked either to the developers of the classification systems or to a research center, or else they authored the most frequently cited books; and 3) the data confirms to Bradford's law and the unusual rising tail of Bradford distribution is appeared and explained.
Results of Epicardial Pacing by the Left Subcostal Approach

Abstract We have determined the clinical course of 200 consecutive patients (mean age, 67.5 years) in whom epicardial pacing was established by the left subcostal route by insertion of 2 sutureless myocardial electrodes and a demand bipolar generator. There was 1 intraoperative death (0.5%). The overall 30-day perioperative mortality was 4 of 200 patients (2.0%). The principal postoperative complications included postpericardiotomy syndrome in 8 patients (4.0%), pneumonia or marked atelectasis in 2 patients (1.0%), and pulmonary embolus in 1 patient. Hemiplegia developed in 2 patients at 9 and 10 days, respectively, after operation, and transient monoparesis developed in another patient (1.5%). There were no wound infections, but the one wound dehiscence required resuturing. Follow-up has been completed in all patients from 1 to 39 months postoperatively (mean, 14.9 months). There have been 21 late deaths. Late lead thresholds were recorded for 45 individual leads from 26 patients up to 35 months after operation. The results obtained indicate that for patients undergoing primary implantation, the sutureless myocardial electrode provides reliable lead function. However, patients who required reoperation because of previous pacemaker failure due to threshold rise have done poorly as a group and may be better managed with lithium high-output pacemaker generators.
Analysis of crack propagation in welded stiffened panels

Models are developed to predict the growth of long fatigue cracks in stiffened panels. An analytical model is described that estimates the stress intensity factor based on superposition of linear-elastic fracture mechanics solutions, taking into account the typical residual stress patterns in stiffened panels. The results were confirmed by finite element analyses. The computed stress intensity factors, alongwith the Paris law, are used to predict the crack propagation in box girders with welded stiffeners with reasonable accuracy.
The reaction occurring between gaseous CF4 and oxides dissolved in different molten fluorides. Some practical aspects

When CF4 is bubbled through molten fluorides containing dissolved oxides within the range 900–1020° C, a chemical reaction takes place which decreases the oxide concentration and yields CO2 and F− ions. The possibility of the reaction between the CF4 evolved at the anode and dissolved alumina, occurring during the anode effect in aluminium reduction cells, is discussed. This reaction provides a simple and convenient method for removing oxides and hydroxides from molten fluorides.
An OER COUP: College Teacher and Student Perceptions of Open Educational Resources

Despite increased development and dissemination, there has been very little empirical research on Open Educational Resources (OER). Teachers and students involved in a large-scale OER initiative at eight community colleges across the United States were given a detailed questionnaire aimed at uncovering their perceptions of the cost, outcomes, uses and perceptions of quality of the OER used in their courses. Teachers and students alike reported significant cost savings and various pedagogical and learning impacts due to the implementation of OER in the classroom. In addition, most students and teachers perceived their OER to be at least equal in quality to traditional textbooks they had used in the past. Implications for further research are discussed.
A mathematical model of meiotic segregation in trisomics of yeast

Segregations at five loci on the left arm of chromosome VII and other data from published sources were used to test a new mathematical model of meiotic segregation in trisomics of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Results support this model which predicts that non-centromere-linked genes in trivalent complexes segregate at random. The data indicate that bivalent–univalent complexes are infrequent in trisomics and that recombination between all three homologues is frequent in regions close to the centromere. A test of homologue interference produced no evidence that a crossover between two homologues has any influence on the probability that the same two homologues will be involved in an adjacent crossover.
Particle sinking dynamics and POC fluxes in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific based on 234Th budgets and sediment trap deployments

Abstract Assuming steady-state over seasonal to annual timescales, and limited horizontal export of dissolved nutrients, the vertical fluxes of limiting nutrients into the euphotic zone should be balanced by particle export. Sediment traps and 234 Th budgets have both been used extensively throughout the oceans as a means to measure this particulate flux from the upper ocean. One main goal of these efforts has been to determine the amount of CO 2 fixed by primary producers in the surface ocean that is exported as particulate organic carbon (POC) and conversely, the decrease of particle flux with depth has been used to estimate remineralization rates of nutrients. Although disagreement between trap-derived and 234 Th-derived fluxes has often been noted, the possible reasons for the imbalance are numerous, and thus often it is difficult to assign causes. Here, we examine many commonly implicated contributors to the disagreement, allowing us to assess data from a recent 2-year study in the ETSP that shows systematic disagreement between the two methods. Averaging results from both years, sediment traps collected 0.2–1.5 mmol C m −2 d −1 (mean: 0.74 mmol C m −2 d −1 ) of POC, while the thorium-based method estimated an average POC flux of 1.5–14 mmol C m − d −1 (mean: 6.2 mmol C m −2 d −1 ). The study area spans regions of differing ecological structure, as inferred from trap mineralogy, and the flux disagreement coincides with this ecological range. We interpret the difference as undercollection of poorly ballasted, slowly sinking particles by the sediment traps. Using both methods simultaneously offers insight into ecosystem structure and resulting particle flux dynamics. The thorium deficit-based flux is 5–10% of previously published estimates of primary productivity based on 14 C incubations ( Pennington et al., 2006 ), and 8–20% of concurrent estimates based on 14 C incubations and oxygen supersaturation ( Capone et al., personal communication ; Prokopenko et al., personal communication ).
Wheat germ oil in larval diet influences gene expression in adult oriental fruit fly

Culture medium supplemented with wheat germ oil (WGO) causes physiological reactions, such as increased fecundity and mobility, in some insects. Although the impact of WGO on insect physiology is important, the mechanisms of these actions are poorly understood. In this paper, we test the hypothesis that the addition of WGO to medium developed for larval oriental fruit flies modulates gene expression in the corresponding adults. We separately reared larvae of Bactrocera dorsalis on diets lacking or supplemented with WGO, and analyzed for expressed proteins in the resulting adult males and females by 2D-electrophoresis. Analysis of the gels revealed significant changes in expression levels of >70 proteins, 64 of which were identified by mass spectrometric analysis on MALDI-TOF/TOF. Apparent changes in expression levels for 6 of these proteins were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR, showing that the changes in mRNA expression were reflected in changes in protein expression. These findings support the hypothesis that one mechanism of WGO actions in insect nutrition is the modulation of gene expression.
Swimming and Speaking Spanish

The dominant view of the status of knowledge of language is that it is theoretical or what Gilbert Ryle called knowledge-that. Defenders of this thesis may differ among themselves over the precise nature of the knowledge which underlies language, as for example, Michael Dummett and Noam Chomsky differ over the issue of unconscious knowledge; however, they all agree that acquisition, understanding and use of language require that the speaker have access to a theory of language. In this paper, I argue that this view is mistaken. Knowledge of language is properly seen as practical knowledge, knowledge-how. My target is Michael Dummett’s treatment of theory of meaning in The Seas of Language. If my argument goes through, underlying assumptions about the nature of cognition as computational must be adjusted to allow for other forms of knowledge, which are arguably more basic, and which underlie knowledge-that.
Proteolysis of the mismatch repair protein MLH1 by caspase-3 promotes DNA damage-induced apoptosis

Caspases are critical proapoptotic proteases that execute cell death signals by selectively cleaving proteins at Asp residues to alter their function. Caspases trigger apoptotic chromatin degradation by activating caspase-activated DNase and by inactivating a number of enzymes that sense or repair DNA damage. We have identified the mismatch repair protein MLH1 as a novel caspase-3 substrate by screening small pools of a human prostate adenocarcinoma cDNA library for cDNAs encoding caspase substrates. In this report, we demonstrate that human MLH1 is specifically cleaved by caspase-3 at Asp418in vitro. Furthermore, MLH1 is rapidly proteolyzed by caspase-3 in cancer cells induced to undergo apoptosis by treatment with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) or the topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide, which damages DNA. Importantly, proteolysis of MLH1 by caspase-3 triggers its partial redistribution from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and generates a proapoptotic carboxyl-terminal product. In addition, we demonstrate that a caspase-3 cleavage-resistant D418E MLH1 mutant inhibits etoposide-induced apoptosis but has little effect on TRAIL-induced apoptosis. These results indicate that the proteolysis of MLH1 by caspase-3 plays a functionally important and previously unrecognized role in the execution of DNA damage-induced apoptosis.
Catalysis over molybdenum carbides and nitrides: I. Catalyst characterization

The hcp and fcc phases of Mo2C and the fcc phase of Mo2N have been prepared and characterized. Mo2C (hcp) was produced by carburization of metallic Mo. The resulting material is polycrystalline, has a BET surface area of 10–30 m2/g, and pores 30 A in diameter. Mo2N (fcc) is obtained by NH3 reduction of MoO3. The nitride has a high degree of crystallinity, a BET surface area of about 180 m2/g, and pores about 17 A in diameter. The fcc phase of Mo2C is produced by exposing Mo2N to a CH4H2 mixture. This results in a substitution of C for N atoms in the lattice without major changes in the BET area or pore diameter. The preparation of both Mo2C (hcp) and Mo2C (fcc) is accompanied by the deposition of free carbon. Selective removal of the free carbon without concurrent removal of lattice carbon cannot be achieved. Air exposure of the carbides does reduce the inventory of free carbon, but at the expense of introducing oxygen into the carbide lattice. The dissolved oxygen cannot be removed by H2 reduction without removal of lattice carbon. It is possible, though, to remove oxygen from the near-surface region of the carbide particles by pretreating the air-exposed carbide powder in a CH4H2 mixture at 623 K. Use of the carbide and nitride catalysts for CO hydrogenation and C2H6 hydrogenolysis causes further changes in the catalyst composition. CO hydrogenation can deposit free carbon and introduces oxygen into the lattice of the catalyst particles. C2H6 hydrogenolysis is very efficient in removing oxygen dissolved in the catalyst lattice.
Advances in functional X-ray imaging techniques and contrast agents

X-rays have been used for non-invasive high-resolution imaging of thick biological specimens since their discovery in 1895. They are widely used for structural imaging of bone, metal implants, and cavities in soft tissue. Recently, a number of new contrast methodologies have emerged which are expanding X-ray's biomedical applications to functional as well as structural imaging. These techniques are promising to dramatically improve our ability to study in situ biochemistry and disease pathology. In this review, we discuss how X-ray absorption, X-ray fluorescence, and X-ray excited optical luminescence can be used for physiological, elemental, and molecular imaging of vasculature, tumors, pharmaceutical distribution, and the surface of implants. Imaging of endogenous elements, exogenous labels, and analytes detected with optical indicators will be discussed.
Disc electrophoresis of tuber proteins from Solanum species and interspecific hybrids

Abstract Separation of tuber proteins has been accomplished by disc electrophoresis. Soluble tuber proteins from twenty-six species of Solanum have been partially “resolved”. Comparisons of resulting protein patterns were made to detect possible differences between species. Differences, especially in major bands, suggest that the patterns may be species-specific. In some instances, interspecific hybrids appear to have a greater number of bands than either parental species. In addition, there is segregation in the hybrids for major bands present in either parental species. The possibility of using these results as another approach to taxonomic and genetic studies with Solanums is promising. The availability of a large number of tuber-bearing Solanum species, interspecific hybrids, and their derivatives representing different ploidy levels provides an excellent source of material for both genetic and taxonomic studies.
Poetry I: Teaching verse with CAI

The teaching of literature through CAI raises problems of both a linguistic and instructional nature; student involvement and creativity in studying literature, and especially poetry, is difficult to build into a computer-based lesson. We have confronted these difficulties in the lessonPoetry I, which introduces undergraduates to basic concepts of poetic verse in a design using screen display, speech synthesis, and verse processing to maximize interactivity and student involvement. The lesson contains instructional modules which include the student's composition of a limerick. Computational processing of the limerick's text enables the program to offer guidance as the student composes and revises the verse and gains first-hand experience with metrical language. The significant problems inherent in processing verse are addressed by adapting Digital Equipment Corporation's DECTalk speech synthesizer as an engine converting natural language verse text into accessible strings of phonemic symbols. Although the verse processor cannot “scan” verse, it can interpret DECTalk's symbols reliably enough to successfully stimulate students' thinking about their verse compositions. Preliminary responses to the program have been favorable and demonstrate its effectiveness in involving students more deeply in learning about poetic verse. This suggests that the techniques of verse processing prototyped inPoetry I might be usefully extended to other types of verse and levels of study.
Rule-based extrapolation: A continuing challenge for exemplar models

Erickson and Kruschke (1998, 2002) demonstrated that in rule-plus-exception categorization, people generalize category knowledge by extrapolating in a rule-like fashion, even when they are presented with a novel stimulus that is most similar to a known exception. Although exemplar models have been found to be deficient in explaining rule-based extrapolation, Rodrigues and Murre (2007) offered a variation of an exemplar model that was better able to account for such performance. Here, we present the results of a new rule-plus-exception experiment that yields rule-like extrapolation similar to that of previous experiments, and yet the data are not accounted for by Rodrigues and Murre’s augmented exemplar model. Further, a hybrid rule-and-exemplar model is shown to better describe the data. Thus, we maintain that rule-plus-exception categorization continues to be a challenge for exemplar-only models.
Characterization of the in vitro murine T-cell proliferative responses to murine and human thyroglobulins in thyroiditis-susceptible and -resistant mice

The in vitro proliferative response to autoantigenic mouse thyroglobulin (MTg) of lymph node cells (LNC) from thyroiditis-susceptible (high-responder) CBA/J (H-2k) mice was further characterized. The relatively weak response was enhanced by adding irradiated spleen cells from normal syngeneic mice to cultures of responding LNC. Furthermore, the adjuvant used for immunization was found to influence the magnitude of the response. Results of experiments varying both the adjuvant and the route of immunization (footpad versus subcutaneous) demonstrated that marked proliferative response to MTg in vitro was not necessarily a predictor of the severity of disease. However, the capacity to proliferate in response to MTg correlated with disease susceptibility, as reported previously. The response to MTg was dependent on Thy-1+, Lyt-1+2- cells and was inhibited by monoclonal I-A antibodies. Thus, proliferation is mediated by T cells of the helper/amplifier phenotype recognizing the autoantigen in association with Ia molecules. The determinants on human thyroglobulin (HTg) and MTg stimulating the proliferative responses of LNC from thyroiditis-susceptible and thyroiditis-resistant (low-responder) BALB/c (H-2d) mice were found to differ. Cells from resistant mice proliferated only in response to foreign determinants on HTg and not to shared or mouse-specific epitopes of MTg, whereas susceptible mice had T cells reactive to shared determinants expressed on MTg and HTg as well as to foreign determinants on HTg.
Interactions between surface hydroxyl groups and adsorbed molecules. V. Fluorobenzene adsorption on germania

Abstract Isotherms of fluorobenzene adsorption on Ge02 samples which varied extensively in the state of hydroxylation of the surfaces were measured with a recording vacuum microbalance. Also, infrared spectra were recorded and the perturbation of surface hydroxyl groups was studied. Comparison of heats and entropies of adsorption derived from the data with theoretical values computed for mobile and immobile adsorption suggests that the adsorbed fluorobenzene is mobile even at low coverages and assumes several rotations with increasing coverage. The adsorbed molecule interacts with free as well as some bound hydroxyls via the π-system of the ring.
Temporal changes in microseismicity and creep near Parkfield, California

The 25-km-long section of the San Andreas fault near Parkfield, California ruptured in similar magnitude-6 earthquakes in 1881, 1901, 1922, 1934 and 1966. On the basis of a number of lines of seismological evidence, a section of the San Andreas fault, now termed the Parkfield preparation zone, has been identified as the locus of the next Parkfield earthquake1,3. Here we describe coincident changes in surface creep rates and deep seismicity near the Parkfield preparation zone following the 2 May 1983 Coalinga earthquake, and suggest that both respond to the same stimuli. These changes were concentrated near the point of initiation of the magnitude-6 characteristic Parkfield earthquakes, lending credence to the hypothesis that this section of the San Andreas fault is characterized by a unique set of physical properties4–6 which make it ideal for earthquake prediction studies and which may also be useful for identifying hypocentral regions in other areas.
Determination of proton spectra by thick target radioactive yields

Abstract Yields of radioactivities induced in stopping targets of Ca, Cu and Zn by the (p, n) reaction are determined from 1.4 to 27 MeV. These are used in a matrix formulation to determine incident proton spectra by measurements of the absolute activity of the several species produced. The steep rise in each yield above its threshold permits an accurate determination of a histogram representation of the incident spectrum. Test cases are shown to give good agreement with model input spectra.
A medullary source of norepinephrine in cat cochlear nuclear complex

Norepinephrine is believed to modulate important functions of the cochlear nuclear complex (CNC) such as the detection of signals in noise and the processing of timing cues. To better understand the impact of the noradrenergic system in the CNC, we used neurotransmitter immunohistochemistry combined with retrograde tract-tracing to identify the noradrenrgic cell groups that project to the CNC. Here we present data showing that the CNC receives noradrenergic inputs from the A1 cell group located in the ventrolateral medulla. The projection from A1 to the CNC may be part of a system-wide modulation by the noradrenergic system based on stress and arousal level, or it may be part of a separate circuit that modulates its targets during survival behaviors.
Long-term electrical resistivity monitoring of recharge-induced contaminant plume behavior

Geophysical measurements, and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) data in particular, are sensitive to properties that are related (directly or indirectly) to hydrological processes. The challenge is in extracting information from geophysical data at a relevant scale that can be used to gain insight about subsurface behavior and to parameterize or validate flow and transport models. Here, we consider the use of ERT data for examining the impact of recharge on subsurface contamination at the S-3 ponds of the Oak Ridge Integrated Field Research Challenge (IFRC) site in Tennessee. A large dataset of time-lapse cross-well and surface ERT data, collected at the site over a period of 12 months, is used to study time variations in resistivity due to changes in total dissolved solids (primarily nitrate). The electrical resistivity distributions recovered from cross-well and surface ERT data agrees well, and both of these datasets can be used to interpret spatiotemporal variations in subsurface nitrate concentrations due to rainfall, although the sensitivity of the electrical resistivity response to dilution varies with nitrate concentration. Using the time-lapse surface ERT data interpreted in terms of nitrate concentrations, we find that the subsurface nitrate concentration at this site varies as a function of spatial position, episodic heavy rainstorms (versus seasonal and annual fluctuations), and antecedent rainfall history. These results suggest that the surface ERT monitoring approach is potentially useful for examining subsurface plume responses to recharge over field-relevant scales.
Applying logic models to cancer centers and programs

AbstractImproving the overall management of cancer centers and programs increases the likelihood that they will attain their intended results. Logic models, which are depictions of how entities are intended to operate, are very useful aids for center directors and other leaders in organizing and operating their centers and programs. A template for a cancer center logic model is presented and used to focus discussion on the model's components (resources; processes; and desired results expressed as outputs, outcomes, and impact), and their interactions.This discussion includes the utility of logic models in improving center management in two important ways. First, logic models can assist center leaders in defining their management roles and responsibilities and in integrating the core management activities of strategizing, designing, and leading other center participants.Second, logic models can assist center leaders in establishing and maintaining effective stakeholder relationships. A comprehensive logic ...
The reflective statement: a new tool to assess resident learning.

Purpose Continued assessment and redesign of the curriculum is essential for optimal surgical education. For the last 3 y, we have asked the residents to reflect on the previous week and describe “the best thing” they learned. We hypothesize that this statement could be used to assess the weaknesses or strengths of our curriculum.
Wave operators for pairs of spaces and the Klein-Gordon equation

We give a new criterion for the existence of wave operators for pairs of self adjoint operators acting in different Hilbert spaces. We apply this method to obtain results for the Klein-Gordon equation.
Change in membrane lipid fluidity induced by phospholipase a activation: A mechanism of endotoxic shock

The effects of endotoxin administration on the fluidity of dog liver plasma membranes and their relationship with changes in phospholipase A2 activity were studied. Endotoxin administration decreased the fluidity of liver plasma membranes and this decrease was reversible by phosphatidylcholine. The endotoxin-induced decrease in membrane fluidity could be mimicked by digesting control liver membranes with exogenous phospholipase A2. Endotoxin administration also increased the endogenous phospholipase A2 activity. Endotoxin in vitro had no phospholipase A2-like activity but it activated the hydrolytic activity of exogenous phospholipase A2. Based on these data, it is concluded that endotoxin administration decreased the fluidity of canine liver plasma membranes by acting through activation of phospholipase A2. The decrease in membrane lipid fluidity induced by endotoxin administration may play a significant role in the development of the pathophysiology of endotoxic shock at the cellular level.
Tamoxifen adminstration is associated with a high rate of treatment-limiting symptoms in male breast cancer patients

Background. Although an uncommon disease, male breast cancer (MBC) will be responsible for 300 deaths in 1993 in the United States. Because of the high rate of estrogen receptor positivity in males, adjuvant hormonal therapy with tamoxifen in the adjuvant setting has been used widely. Little is known about the side effects of this estrogen receptor blocker in males. Methods. The authors evaluated the side effects of adjuvant tamoxifen treatment in 24 patients (19 of whom were estrogen receptor positive) treated at the authors' institution between 1990 and 1993. Results. Fifteen (62.5%) patients reported at least one side effect. The most common side effect was a decrease in libido, which occurred in 7 (29.2%) patients; followed by weight gain, which occurred in 6 (25%) patients; hot flashes, which occurred in (5 20.8%); mood alterations, which occurred in 5 (20.8%); depression, which occurred in 4 (16.6%); insomnia, which occurred in 3 (12.5%); and deep venous thrombosis, which occurred in 1 (4.2%). Five (20.8%) patients terminated treatment with tamoxifen in less than 1 year because of these side effects. Two of these patients had decreased libido, two had hot flashes, and one suffered deep venous thrombosis. Conclusions. In contrast to female breast cancer patients, who have a 4% attrition rate to adjuvant tamoxifen treatment, MBC patients have a 20.8% attrition rate related to side effects of tamoxifen treatment.
Caenorhabditis elegans mutant allele identification by whole-genome sequencing

Identification of the molecular lesion in Caenorhabditis elegans mutants isolated through forward genetic screens usually involves time-consuming genetic mapping. We used Illumina deep sequencing technology to sequence a complete, mutant C. elegans genome and thus pinpointed a single-nucleotide mutation in the genome that affects a neuronal cell fate decision. This constitutes a proof-of-principle for using whole-genome sequencing to analyze C. elegans mutants.
Angular momentum of Icarus

Inclusion of Icarus in an angular momentum density-mass diagram supports a 1967 prediction that asteroidal bodies smaller than about 1017 gm will depart from the planetary rotation law described earlier. Icarus' asteroidal nature and origin by fragmentation is thereby suggested.
Synthesis and reactions of some new thiocarboxamido complexes of manganese and molybdenum carbonyls

Abstract Several thiocarboxamido complexes of manganese and molybdenum have been prepared by the reactions of metal carbonyl anions with dimethylthiocarbamoyl chloride, Me2NCSCl. In these complexes the thiocarboxamido group is thought to be bound to the metal through both the carbon and sulfur atoms, acting as a three-electron donating ligand. The sulfur atom can be methylated without altering this mode of bonding. Reactions of some of these complexes with triphenylphosphine are described.
Sales Force Involvement in Product Design: The Influence on the Relationships Between Consulting-Oriented Sales Management Programs and Performance

There is growing recognition of the need to reorganize sales management programs to reflect trends in the competitive environment. These trends are influencing more firms to attempt to develop stro...
Improved radon-transform-based method to quantify local stationarity

Establishing measures for local stationarity is an open problem in the field of time-frequency analysis. One promising theoretical measure, known as the spread, provides a means for quantifying potential correlation between signal elements. In this paper we investigate the issue of generalizing techniques developed by the authors to better estimate the spread of a signal. Existing techniques estimate the spread as the rectangular region of support of the associated expected ambiguity function oriented parallel to the axes. By applying Radon Transform techniques we can produce a parameterized model which describes the orientation of the region of support providing tighter estimates of the signal spread. Examples are provided that illustrate the enhancement of the new method.
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN LIGHT, NH4+, AND CO2 IN BUOYANCY REGULATION OF ANABAENA FLOS-AQUAE (CYANOPHYCEAE)1

Buoyancy of the gas-vacuolate alga Anabaena flosaquae Brebisson was measured under various levels of light, NH4+, and CO2. At high irradiance (50 μE · m−2·−1) the alga was non-buoyant regardless of the availability of CO2 and NH4+. At low irradiance (≤10 μE · m −2· s−1) buoyancy was controlled by the availability of NH4+ and CO2. When NH4+ was abundant, algal buoyancy was high over a wide range of CO2 concentrations. In the absence of NH4+, algal buoyancy was reduced at high CO2 concentrations, however as the CO2 concentration declined below about 5 μmol · L−1, algal buoyancy increased. These results help explain why gas vacuolate, nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae often form surface blooms in eutrophic lakes.
Intracranial Hypertension and Migraine

We describe the case report of a migraineur who developed daily postural headache due to benign intracranial hypertension. The CSF pressure was elevated despite the lack of papilledema on clinical examination. This case emphasizes that intracranial hypertension without papilledema must be in the differential diagnosis of the so-called "migraine transformation" headache. Accordingly, CSF analysis, including CSF pressure measurement, should be part of the diagnostic evaluation of "migraine transformation" headache.
A mathematical model for the release of noble gas and Cs from porous nuclear fuel based on VEGA 1&2 experiments

Abstract Release of fission products from nuclear fuel in accidents is an issue of major concern in nuclear reactor safety, and there is considerable room for development of improved models, supported by experiments, as one needs to understand and elucidate role of various phenomena and parameters. The VEGA (Verification Experiments of radionuclides Gas/Aerosol release) program on several irradiated nuclear fuels investigated the release rates of radionuclides and results demonstrated that the release rates of radionuclides from all nuclear fuels tested decreased with increasing external gas pressure surrounding the fuel. Hidaka et al. (2004–2011) accounted for this pressure effect by developing a 2-stage diffusion model describing the transport of radionuclides in porous nuclear fuel. We have extended this 2-stage diffusion model to account for mutual binary gas diffusion in the open pores as well as to introduce the appropriate parameters to cover the slip flow regime (0.01 ⩽ Kn ⩽ 0.1). While we have directed our numerical efforts toward the simulation of the VEGA experiments and assessments of differences from the results of Hidaka et al., the model and the techniques reported here are of larger interest as these would aid in modeling of diffusion in general (e.g. in graphite and other nuclear materials of interest).
Effects of excess iodide on the metabolism of thyroxine in the rat.

Abstract Previous work has indicated that anions such as perchlorate and thiocyanate augment the turnover of thyroxine (T 4 ) by displacing it from plasma protein. In this study, iodide was found to increase the uptake of labeled T 4 by muscle only in the presence of rat plasma, suggesting that iodide displaced bound labeled T 4 from plasma protein. Concurrently, starch gel electrophoresis and radioautography indicated a displacement of labeled T 4 from albumin-prealbumin area when KI was present. In vivo, dietary KI produced a significant fall in serum PBI and an increase in fecal radioactivity in thyroidectomized, T 4 -maintained animals. It is suggested that excess iodide augments the turnover of T 4 by displacing T 4 from plasma protein and increased fecal loss of T 4 .
Factor analysis for evaluating relationships between first lactation type scores and production data of Holstein dairy cows.

Abstract Data on linear type scores for 18 traits from evaluations from Twenty-First Century Genetics from September 1979 to December 1983 were matched against the DHIA production records. Data for production were 43,428 records by 228 sires, each with at least 20 progeny in at least nine herds. Data were randomly split to analyze and validate the investigation of factor analyses to relate type scores and production. Type scores (1 to 50 points) were adjusted for days in milk and age at first calving. Means of the adjusted type scores ranged from 25.2 to 31.7 (± 5.39 to 9.09 SD). A principal component analysis showed that the first eight components accounted for more than 69% of the total variance in type scores. A principal factor analysis followed by a factor rotation was used to define new factors. Multiple linear regression on these factors indicated that herdmate deviation milk and fat are more closely related to characteristics of the mammary system than they are to body traits. For herdlife analyses, using 17,288 records, cows with well-attached udders stayed in herds longer.
Stabilization of avulsed teeth in children with the flexible mouthguard splint.

A fast and simple technique for the fabrication of a removable splint is described. The splinting of avulsed or displaced anterior teeth in children often causes anchorage problems because adequate support is not available from the adjacent mixed dentition. A simplified splinting procedure helps solve this problem.
A sentinel system in the Florida scrub jay

Abstract One postulated advantage of living in groups is increased protection from predators. Living in small, permanent groups of stable composition allows for the formation of a sentinel system, in which individuals coordinate their vigilance. Florida scrub jays, Aphelocoma coerulescens coerulescens , live in family groups, and coordinate their vigilance into a sentinel system. Observed vigilance behaviour was compared with models generating similar behaviour patterns at random. The occurrence of one jay terminating vigilance in the same minute that another initiated vigilance was greater than expected by chance, and the occurrence of more than one vigilant jay at one time was less frequent than expected by chance. The seasonal pattern of scrub jay sentinel behaviour suggests that it functions primarily for predator detection, especially of raptors. Most aerial predator alarm calls were given by sentinels, and a sentinel was most likely to give the alarm call first.
Graph-based 3D object classification

In this paper, we propose a novel method for the classification of 3D shapes, based on topo-geometric shape descriptors. Topo-geometric models have an advantage over existing shape descriptors that they capture complete shape information - capturing topology through skeletal graphs, and geometry via edge weights. The resulting weighted graph representation allows shape classification by establishing error correcting subgraph isomorphisms between the test graph and model graphs, where the best match is the one that corresponds to largest subgraph isomorphism. We propose various cost assignments for graph edit operations for error correction, which in turn takes into account any shape variations arising due to noise and measurement errors.
An Imaging Proportional Counter for a 0.1 to 10 keV X-Ray Telescope

A xenon multi-wire position sensitive proportional counter with a high degree of differential spatial linearity (better than 50?m) and long-term stability has been constructed and tested in detail. It is suitable for a 0.1 to 10 keV X-ray telescope such as AXAF, which it would share with detectors having better spatial and spectral resolution. Compared to other detectors, the larger format, higher quantum efficiency, and lower background of the PSPC makes it generally the most useful instrument for observations of diffuse cosmic X-ray sources and associations of sources more extended than a few tenths of a degree in diameter. Given the good spatial linearity the systematic uncertainty for source locations is finer than an arcsecond. The spatial resolution varies as 0.3 mm/E0-5 (keV) over the range 0.2-4 keV in accordance with theoretical limits determined by the size and the number of electrons in the primary charge cloud.
Hand Pain During Hand Assisted Laparoscopic Nephrectomy—An Ischemic Event?

Purpose: The etiology of hand discomfort during hand assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy may be ischemic in nature. We determined if pneumoperitoneal pressure sustained to the hand during hand assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy poses an occupational risk, contributing to local hand hypoxia and resultant extremity pain.Materials and Methods: A total of 442 measurements of hand oxygen saturation were made during hand assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy. A Nellcor® OxiMax™ Max-1® oxygen sensor was attached to the left index finger of each surgeon and hand assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy was performed using a LapDisc® at 15 mm Hg pneumoperitoneal pressures. Local hand oximetry readings and a numerical pain distress scale (range 0 to 10) were recorded every 2 minutes. To control for motion artifact oximetry readings were taken during hand motion and at rest. The Student t test was used to compare differences in local hand oxygen saturation and hand pain in and between study groups.Results: A history of hand pain ...
Universal versus targeted screening of infants for sickle cell disease: a cost-effectiveness analysis.

Abstract Objective: To compare the health outcomes, costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness of universal neonatal screening for sickle cell disease (SCD) with screening targeted to African Americans. Study design: A cost-effectiveness analysis was done by using a Markov simulation model that considered the costs and outcomes associated with the prevention and treatment of sepsis in those with sickle cell anemia and sickle β 0 -thalassemia. Three strategies were compared: (1) no screening, (2) targeted screening of African Americans, and (3) universal screening for SCD. Results: In the base case analysis, targeted screening of African Americans compared with no screening cost $6709 per additional year of life saved, and universal screening compared with targeted screening cost $30,760 per additional year of life saved. In a sensitivity analysis, the cost per additional year of life saved with universal screening compared with targeted screening was positively correlated with the delivery rate of targeted screening and was inversely related to the proportion of African Americans in the population. Conclusions: Targeted screening of African American newborns for SCD compared with no screening is always cost-effective. Universal screening compared with targeted screening always identifies more infants with disease, prevents more deaths, and is cost-effective given certain delivery rates for targeted screening and proportions of African Americans in the population. (J Pediatr 2000;136;201-8)
Restriction endonuclease analysis of the pseudorabies (Aujeszky's disease) virus before and after serial passage in vivo and in vitro.

The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of pseudorabies virus (PRV) was examined by restriction endonuclease analysis before and after various treatments: namely 1. plaque purification of stock virus, 2. serial passage of virus in cell culture at high (H) and low (L) multiplicity of infection (MOI), and 3. serial passage of virus in swine. The objective of the study was to determine if such treatments would either select or induce virus populations with a different predominant number or location of enzyme cleavage sites. Heterogeneity of the DNA of stock virus was revealed by differences among restriction patterns of 10 plaque-purified populations. All of these populations were then relatively stable through an additional 9 plaque purifications and passages in cell culture. Without plaque purification, heterogeneity was not evident. The predominant restriction pattern of stock virus appeared unaltered by 10 serial passages in cell culture at either HMOI or LMOI, except for the appearance in the HMOI series of several minor bands. Conversely, 10 serial passages of stock virus in swine resulted in either selection or induced changes or both. Most differences were slightly altered migration rates of relatively small (≤5 Kbp) fragments. However, after 10 passages in swine, there were also changes in the migration rates of 2 large fragments (>10 Kbp) of the viral genome.
A FERM domain in a class XIV myosin interacts with actin and tubulin and localizes to the cytoskeleton, phagosomes, and nucleus in Tetrahymena thermophila.

Previous studies have shown that Myo1(myosin class XIV) localizes to the cytoskeleton and is involved in amitosis of the macronucleus and trafficking of phagosomes. Myo1 contains a FERM domain that could be a site for interaction between Myo1 and the cytoskeleton. Here, we explore the function of FERM by investigating its cytoskeleton binding partners and involvement in localization of Myo1. Alignment of Myo1 FERM with a talin actin-binding sequence, a MAP-2 tubulin-binding sequence, the radixin FERM dimerization motif, and the SV40 nuclear localization sequence (NLS) revealed putative actin- and tubulin-binding sequences, a putative FERM dimerization motif, and NLS-like sequences in both the N-terminal and C-terminal regions of Myo1 FERM. Alignment of Myo1 with an ERM C-terminal motif revealed a similar sequence in the Myo1 motor domain. GFP-FERM and two truncated FERM domains were separately expressed in Tetrahymena. GFP-FERM contained the entire Myo1 FERM. Truncated Myo1 FERM domains contained either the N-terminal or the C-terminal region of FERM and one putative sequence for actin-binding, one for tubulin-binding, a putative dimerization motif, and a NLS-like sequence. Actin antibody coprecipitated GFP-fusion polypeptides and tubulin from lysate of cells expressing GFP-fusions. Cosedimentation assays performed with either whole cell extracts or anti-actin immunoprecipitation pellets revealed that F-actin (independent of ATP) and microtubules cosedimented with GFP-fusion polypeptides. GFP-FERM localized to the cytoskeleton, phagosomes, and nucleus. Truncated GFP-FERM domains localized to phagosomes but not to the cytoskeleton or nucleus. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.