cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fracture toughness testing with sections of cylinders

Abstract Finite element procedures were used to generate stress intensity, crack mouth compliance, and load point compliance for a segment from a cylindrical shell. Stress intensity and crack mouth compliance were found to be independent of span length for a large range of crack lengths when suitably normalized. Load point compliance was not truly independent of span length. The experimental procedures developed made it possible to perform tests with ease and reliability. Fracture test results showed good correlation with analytical predictions for the two alloys considered.
Analysis of atmospheric effects on stellar scintillation

Atmospheric effects on normalized stellar irradiance fluctuations for the weak fluctuation regime are examined. Both monochromatic and polychromatic effects are considered. Calculations are performed using a Rytov theory which explicitly includes refractive effects arising from the polychromatic stellar source. The atmospheric turbulence along the path is specified in a spherical shell or `onion- skin' model using a vertical profile specified by either the Clear 1 model or actual thermosonde measurements. Finite optical bandwidth, receiver aperture size, and variable turbulent inner scale are also included. Good agreement is found between ground-based measurements and model results in the weak scintillation regime. It is also shown that refraction effects can significantly alter the wavelength dependence of scintillation as well as produce a leveling off and decrease of scintillation with increasing zenith angle that could be misinterpreted as saturation.
Multivariate non-stationary stochastic streamflow models for two urban watersheds.

It is now common knowledge that human activities including water diversions and land development, in addition to climate, have a significant impact on streamflow and other hydrologic processes. The effects of changes in land use, water withdrawals and climate are experienced simultaneously and may interact with each other. Increasingly, it is necessary for hydrologists to develop methods for predicting streamflow which account for human activities. Most previous research has investigated the effects of changes in climate or landuse on streamflow, and rarely both simultaneously. There are even fewer studies that address the effects of water withdrawal on streamflow and even fewer on the impacts of all three. The primary objective of this study is to develop stochastic streamflow models for predicting monthly streamflows for two urbanizing watersheds in the vicinity of Boston. Streamflows in urban environments are impacted by climatic, land use and water use effects. In this initial study, a multivariate non-stationary monthly stochastic streamflow models are developed using multivariate linear regression.
Evidence of one-photon, two-electron excitation in the x-ray absorption spectra of germanium

Discontinuities corresponding to the simultaneous creation of two and possibly three electronic vacancies were observed in the absorption spectra of germanium. They occur at photon energies approximately equal to the energy required for the synchronous removal of two inner electrons. The magnitude of the observed discontinuities is about 300 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 50 times smaller than the observed discontinuity at the $K$-absorption edge of the element.
Colonization of six exotic parasites (Hymenoptera) against Diatraea grandiosella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in corn.

Sixexotic parasites, Trichogramma atopavirilia Oatman & Platner, Allorhogas pyralophagus Marsh, Cotesia flavipes Cameron, Macrocentrus prolificus Wharton, Digonogastra kimballi Kirkland, and Pediobius furvus (Gahan), were colonized in commercial corn fields in the Texas High Plains against Diatraea grandiosella Dyar from 1985 to 1987. Colonization sites were monitored to estimate parasitization, dispersal, and parasite overwintering. D. kimballi , an external parasite of late instars, dispersed farther than other species and was the only parasite to demonstrate a propensity for overwintering. The pupal parasite, P. furvus , was capable of causing seasonal parasitization as high as 50.0% within 10 m of the colonization locus and showed the strongest numerical increase. The egg parasite, T. atopovirilia , caused 33.6% parasitization within 2 m of the colonization locus but was not recovered at greater distances. Parasitization by A. pyralophagus , which attacks medium sized larvae, never exceeded 3.6% in any year of the study. Seasonal parasitization of C. flavipes , a parasite of late instars, was 0.0–14.5%, but the potential of this parasite as an effective natural enemy of D. grandiosella is limited by apparent encapsulation in the hosts and inability to overwinter. The polyembryonic larval parasite, M. prolificus , was not recovered during the 3-yr study. An aggregative response to host density was not detected for any of the parasites. The results of this study suggest that D. kimballi may be able to establish in the Texas High Plains, and that P. furvus may have potential as a biological control agent in a seasonal inoculative or inundative approach.
Crystal Structures and Stabilities of γ- and γ′-Brass Phases in Pd2–xAuxZn11 (x = 0.2–0.8): Vacancies vs. Valence Electron Concentration

To probe the effect of valence electron concentration (vec or e–/atom) on γ-Pd2+xZn11–x phases a series of compoundsPd2–xAuxZn11 (x = 0.3–0.8; e–/atom = 1.70–1.75) was synthesized and structurally characterized. The gold-substituted γ-brass type phase was observed for x ≤ 0.3, having a refined composition of Pd1.93Au0.27(1)Zn10.80(1) (space group I3m; a = 9.0953 (2) A). Further addition of gold (0.4 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) leads to a 2 × 2 × 2 superstructure of theγ-brass type phase (denoted as the γ′-phase), with noticeable phase width (F3m; 18.1827(4)–18.1799(4) A). The γ′-phase consists of four independent 26-atoms clusters, which are arranged around four distinct high symmetry points. The structural stability and phase width ofγ′-phase are primarily controlled by two of these clusters, both of which show mixed occupancies and occurrence of non-stoichiometric vacancies. Amongst all the observed γ′-phases in the Pd-Au-Zn system, the vacancy concentration increases with increasing values of gold substitution. The vec of all observed γ′-phases fall between 1.636 and 1.654 e–/atom values, which are greatly influenced by the nonstoichiometric vacancies present in the structure.
The effect of temperature on a social behavior of weakly electric fish Eigenmannia virescens.

Abstract 1. 1. The frequency of the electric organ discharge (EOD) of Eigenmannia virescen changes with water temperature and with the presence of an electrical sine wave stimulus of a neighboring frequency. The latter response, called the jamming avoidance response, was observed at various temperatures ranging from 18 to 30°C. 2. 2. Jamming avoidance response (JAR) in Eigenmannia, characterized by a shift in the fish's EOD frequency away from the electrical stimulus frequency, increased with rising temperature. 3. 3. The Q10 of the resting EOD frequency and JAR were different in their absolute values and variation patterns with temperature. 4. 4. These results suggest that the neuronal mechanisms for the 2 behavioral responses are probably independent and the integration site is likely to be at the pacemaker cells.
High-intensity subpicosecond XeCl laser: laser physics and x-ray generation

Experiments performed with a terawatt-class laser system which is based on amplification in XeCl discharge amplifiers are described. Energy extraction in XeCl discharge amplifiers is examined experimentally and theoretically using 0.25-ps nearly transform limited pulses and both 16- and 75-ps strongly chirped pulses of the same bandwidth. We find that while the saturation fluence for the 16-ps pulse is comparable to that of the 0.25-ps pulse, stretching the pulse to a width of 75 ps increases the saturation fluence by 35%. A study of the interaction of the terawatt laser pulses with aluminum targets at irradiances exceeding 5 X 1018 W/cm2 is also presented.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Internal Tides in Monterey Submarine Canyon

Abstract The M2 internal tide in Monterey Submarine Canyon is simulated using a modified version of the Princeton Ocean Model. Most of the internal tide energy entering the canyon is generated to the south, on Sur Slope and at the head of Carmel Canyon. The internal tide is topographically steered around the large canyon meanders. Depth-integrated baroclinic energy fluxes are up canyon and largest near the canyon axis, up to 1.5 kW m−1 at the mouth of the upper canyon and increasing to over 4 kW m−1 around Monterey and San Gregorio Meanders. The up-canyon energy flux is bottom intensified, suggesting that topographic focusing occurs. Net along-canyon energy flux decreases almost monotonically from 9 MW at the canyon mouth to 1 MW at Gooseneck Meander, implying that high levels of internal tide dissipation occur. The depth-integrated energy flux across the 200-m isobath is order 10 W m−1 along the majority of the canyon rim but increases by over an order of magnitude near the canyon head, where internal ti...
Recovery From Serious Mental Illness: Trajectories, Characteristics, and the Role of Mental Health Care

A two-year study of recovery among 177 people with serious mental illnesses revealed four distinct patterns, none of which resembled the grim deterioration once thought to characterize serious mental illness. In fact, half the patients had a rather stable course, maintaining either relatively high or relatively low levels of recovery, and half experienced a pattern of fluctuating symptoms. The authors concluded that having access to good-quality mental health care, which entails an array of services and supports, appears to improve recovery trajectories.
Modelling nonlinear dynamics of bolted assemblies

Abstract The dynamics of threaded fastened assemblies represent a highly nonlinear constrained vibration problem that is nontrivial, but of considerable practical importance. In this paper, a dynamic model of a fastened assembly is developed which incorporates a dynamic fastener model with dynamic structural component models. Simulations from the model reveal that fastener placement in assemblies can be optimized to reduce vibration-induced loosening. This result is fundamentally significant since the current practice for placement and orientation of fasteners in assemblies is generally based on convenience or static load and strength considerations, and not dynamic considerations.
Developing interactive classroom exercises for use with mobile devices to enhance class engagement and problem-solving skills

A recent Pew research center study of mobile device usage revealed that, African American and Latinos are the most active users of the Internet from mobile devices. The study also revealed that minority cell phone owners take advantage of a much greater range of their phone's features compared with people of other ethnicities. At Winston Salem State University (WSSU), it is common for students to multitask and use their mobile devices while in class for studying, or performing other activities. This paper reports our ongoing experiences running a National Science Foundation (NSF)-sponsored targeted Infusion Project (TIP) in Computer Science Department that aims to leverage this situation by developing a mobile classroom response system (MRS) to allow students solve interactive problems in their mobile devices in order to improve their class engagement and problem solving skills. By allowing them to solve problems in their preferred devices, the project expects to create a friendly learning environment where the students want to retain, be active and skillful.
3D dynamics analysis in Teichmüller space

Dynamics analysis for 3D surface sequence is an important task in vision. In this work, 2D shape analysis method [16] based on Teichmuller space theory is generalized to handle deforming surfaces.
Heteroaryl oxenium ions have diverse and unusual low-energy electronic states.

The electronic state orderings and energies of heteroaryl oxenium ions were computed using high-level CASPT2//CASSCF computations. We find that these ions have a number of diverse, low-energy configurations. Depending on the nature of the heteroaryl substituent, the lowest-energy configuration may be open-shell singlet, closed-shell singlet, or triplet, with further diversity found among the subtypes of these configurations. The 2- and 3-pyridinyl oxenium ions show small perturbations from the phenyl oxenium ion in electronic state orderings and energies, having closed-shell singlet ground states with significant gaps to an n,π* triplet state. In contrast, the 4-pyridinyl oxenium ion is computed to have a low-energy nitrenium ion-like triplet state. The pyrimidinyl oxenium ion is computed to have a near degeneracy between an open-shell singlet and triplet state, and the pyrizidinyl oxenium ion is computed to have a near-triple degeneracy between a closed-shell singlet state, an open-shell singlet state, a...
Rethinking Library Web Sites with User Experience Design: Conference Report

Presenter: Aaron Schmidt, Influx Library User Experience Consulting Aaron Schmidt, Principal in Influx Library User Experience Consulting, presented the Summit's keynote address on the topic of mak...
A search for modulation in intermittent ventricular parasystole.

As recently described by Moe et al., parasystolic modulation implies that the ectopic cycle length of a parasystolic focus can be increased or decreased by electrical influences transmitted across the zone of protection. A search for this phenomenon was made in nine patients with intermittent ventricular parasystole resulting from protection only during specific portions of the cycle. All nine patients had a period of relatively early protection affecting the initial 55–67% of the cycle preceding a period of resetting during which the parasystolic focus was discharged and fully recycled. In addition, two patients had a period of relatively late parasystolic protection. Pseudo-resetting (apparent resetting in the surface leads without interruption of activity within the parasystolic focus itself), seen throughout the entire period of late protection in these two patients, and during the relatively refractory period in one patient, was identified because the R waves causing apparent resetting were encompassed by parasystolic-to-parasystolic intervals equalling twice the ectopic cycle length. Our findings indicate that parasystolic modulation did not occur in the type of intermittent ventricular parasystole included in this study. That is, the parasystolic focus was either not affected (not modulated) during specific (early or late) portions of the cycle, or normally reset (discharged and fully recycled, but neither depressed, nor enhanced) in other portions of (he cycle. This study does not exclude the occurrence of modulation in other types of parasystole, nor in some automatic nonparasystolic rhythms.
Efalizumab in the treatment of psoriasis.

: Efalizumab is a humanized, monoclonal antibody, which targets CD11a, one of the subunits of leukocyte function-associated antigen-1. Administered subcutaneously once weekly, it decreases the activation of T lymphocytes as a primary or secondary process and interferes with the trafficking of T cells into sites of inflammation. Clinically, improvement in psoriasis can be observed as early as two to four weeks. The percent of patients experiencing a 75% reduction in PASI (PASI-75) was 27%, 44%, 47% at 12 weeks, 24 weeks, and 24 months, respectively. During the trials, the safety profile was highly favorable, with minor headaches and myalgias occurring after the initial doses. Rebound on abrupt discontinuation can be problematic for some patients and avoided by transition to an alternative therapy. Efalizumab appears to be a valuable option for patients requiring long-term control of their psoriasis.
Polygonizing extremal surfaces with manifold guarantees

Extremal surfaces are a class of implicit surfaces that have been found useful in a variety of geometry reconstruction applications. Compared to iso-surfaces, extremal surfaces are particularly challenging to construct in part due to the presence of boundaries and the lack of a consistent orientation. We present a novel, grid-based algorithm for constructing polygonal approximations of extremal surfaces that may be open or unorientable. The algorithm is simple to implement and applicable to both uniform and adaptive grid structures. More importantly, the resulting discrete surface preserves the structural property of the extremal surface in a grid-independent manner. The algorithm is applied to extract ridge surfaces from intensity volumes and reconstruct surfaces from point sets with unoriented normals.
Bodies and Pleasures: Foucault and the Politics of Sexual Normalization

AbbreviationsIntroduction: Foucault's Impact: Challenges and Transformations 1: Views from the Site of Political Oppression: Or, How I served as an Anchor Point for Power and Emerged as a Locus of Resistance 2: Genealogical Diversions: Wherein the Ascetic Priestess Loses Her Way and Begins to Wander Aimlessly Through Dem Ole Cotton Fields Back Home 3: Why I Shouldn't Like Foucault ... So They Say 4: Disorientation: Or, Beyond Sex-Desire 5: Natural Bodies: Or, Ain't Nobody Here But Us Deviants 6: Self-Overcoming Through Ascetic Pleasures 7: Counterattack: An Ethics of StyleInconclusionNotes Index
Cisplatin ototoxicity in gynecologic cancer patients. A preliminary report

The ototoxicity associated with long-term cisplatin therapy in gynecologic cancer patients was investigated. Twenty-three of 31 patients developed hearing loss and 21 patients reported the onset of tinnitus. The hearing loss was bilateral, cochlear, and permanent. The tinnitus was transient and not predictive of change in hearing level. The likelihood of developing hearing loss appeared to be greatest in patients older than 40 years and in patients with preexisting hearing loss. The amount of change did not appear to be related to the degree of preexisting hearing loss.
Theoretical Model for Nanoporous Carbon Supercapacitors

The unprecedented anomalous increase in capacitance of nanoporous carbon supercapacitors at pore sizes smaller than 1 nm [Science 2006, 313, 1760.] challenges the long-held presumption that pores smaller than the size of solvated electrolyte ions do not contribute to energy storage. We propose a heuristic model to replace the commonly used model for an electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) on the basis of an electric double-cylinder capacitor (EDCC) for mesopores (2 {50 nm pore size), which becomes an electric wire-in-cylinder capacitor (EWCC) for micropores (< 2 nm pore size). Our analysis of the available experimental data in the micropore regime is confirmed by 1st principles density functional theory calculations and reveals significant curvature effects for carbon capacitance. The EDCC (and/or EWCC) model allows the supercapacitor properties to be correlated with pore size, specific surface area, Debye length, electrolyte concentration and dielectric constant, and solute ion size. The new model not only explains the experimental data, but also offers a practical direction for the optimization of the properties of carbon supercapacitors through experiments.
Valders–Two Creeks, Wisconsin, revisited: The Valders Till is most likely post-Twocreekan

The well-documented and dated post-Twocreekan drift (classical Valders Till) of the Green Bay–Fox River-Lake Winnebago lowland is traced to an interlobate junction with the Lake Michigan Lobe that overrode the Valders type locality. Additional support for the post-Twocreekan age of the surface drift between Valders and Two Creeks comes in part from geomorphic evidence of drainage from Later Lake Oshkosh into Glacial Lake Shoto between Manitowoc and Two Rivers. The key new data and reinterpretations include: (1) a radiocarbon-dated site demonstrating that the surface till of the Green Bay Lobe there is post-Twocreekan, (2) the correlation of that site to the Brillion esker only 500 m northeast and at the same elevation, (3) the correlation of the stratigraphy and morphologic forms of those two localities to an interlobate moraine, (4) the recognition of the interlobate character of the moraine by the amount and structure of lacustrine and fluvial sediments to the crest of that moraine which required ice on both sides simultaneously, (5) the relationships of the drainage of post-Twocreekan Later Lake Oshkosh to Twocreekan wood and to the upper level of Glacial Lake Shoto, (6) the equivalent level of post-Twocreekan Glacial Lake Shoto to the (1 believe) erroneously interpreted pre-Twocreekan Glen-wood Stage of Glacial Lake Chicago, and (7) other details of the stratigraphy and morphology of the drift that support the thesis outlined above.
Cicero's de legibus and Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Stride toward freedom

He who reads carefully Cicero'sDe Legibus and Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Stride Toward Freedom is surprised to find, mutatis mutandis, on how many points these two great men agree. The historical circumstances are different, but the essential ideas are very similar. The purpose of this paper is to show on what precisely they agree and on what they differ.
Conflict resolution for collaborative design

Collaborative design is new design style to meet the increasing requirement of global market, which share various resources and information of different designers with the aim of reaching the purpose. Designers complete the same task in different places. Designers work at the same time will encounter the conflict, which is a critical problem for collaborative design. Firstly, the class of conflict is proposed to make a basis for conflict resolution, which is classified into data conflict, knowledge conflict and recourses conflict. The resolution model is constructed for collaborative design. By means of the conflict observation, conflict decision and conflict informing, conflict resolution is solved. The conflict resolution knowledge and process are described with UML. By means of algorithms, conflict resolution decision making method is present. Dead locks are danger for system. A set of dead lock resolution mechanism are provided to solve the problem. By means of a case study, the methodology is illustrated for conflict resolution.
6S,8α-Dihydroxy-14,15-Dihydrocarapin (Khayanone) from the Stem Bark of Khaya Senegalensis (Meliaceae): Isolation and its Crystal Structure

Khayanone was isolated from the stem bark of African mahogany, Khaya senegalensis (Meliaceae), and characterized as 6S,8α-dihydroxy-14,15-dihydrocarapin on the basis of spectral analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction study. The compound crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P4 1 2 1 2 with unit cell parameters: a = 13.2315(19) A, c = 29.118(6) A, Z = 8. The crystal structure has been solved by direct methods and refined to R = 0.0375 for 4552 unique reflections. The six-membered rings A and B exist in boat conformations, rings C and D in chair conformations, and the furan ring is planar. The crystal structure is stabilized by O-H···O and C-H···O interactions. This is the first report about 6S configuration of mexicanolide revealed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The configuration of oxygenated C-6 in mexicanolide-group limonoids is discussed.
A Comparison of the Alkylating Capabilities of the Cysteinyl and Glutathionyl Conjugates of 1,2-Dichloroethane

Metabolic activation by glutathione conjugation of the dihaloethanes ethylene dichloride (EDC) and ethylene dibromide (EDB), continues to be important as these compounds are used commercially in enormous quantities and the mechanisms by which they exert toxicity and mutagenicity are not yet fully understood. The mutagenicity of EDC has been demonstrated to be dependent on the presence of cytosol and glutathione (Rannug et al., 1978). In line with this, is the observation of covalent association of EDC-derived radioactivity with polynucleotides in incubation mixtures containing cytosol, glutathione (GSH), and EDC (Guengerich et al., 1980). In the case of EDB, an alkylated purine has been isolated from similar incubation mixtures (Ozawa and Guengerich, 1983). These and other results with cofactors and inhibitors indicate that the GSH-transferases are initially responsible for the formation of important reactive intermediate(s) from these compounds.
Passive target motion analysis using multipath differential time-delay and differential Doppler shifts

Target motion analysis (TMA) is a basic function in passive sonar, generally using bearings only or bearings and frequency measurements. But due to the use of arrays whose aperture are practically negligible considering the target range, and even if the platform moves itself to yield a "synthetic array", the classical TMA methods take minutes to give an acceptable solution. Hence, this paper presents an enhanced TMA estimator using jointly the bearings and multipath parameters: the differential time-delays and their Doppler shifts. The Cramer-Rao lower bounds are studied for two cases of sound propagation: a constant celerity profile and a bilinear one. They both exhibit advantages in terms of a shorter time to get a given precision of the target parameters: its range, depth, and speed vector.
On geometric hashing and the generalized Hough transform

The generalized Hough transform and geometric hashing are two contemporary paradigms for model-based object recognition. Both schemes simultaneously find instances of objects in a scene and determine the location and orientation of these instances. The methods encode the models for the objects in a similar fashion and object recognition is achieved by image features "voting" for object models. For both schemes, the object recognition time is largely independent of the number of objects that are encoded in the object-model database. This paper puts the two schemes in perspective and examines differences and similarities. The authors also study object representation techniques and discuss how object representations are used for object recognition and position estimation. >
Consensus versus expertise: a case study of word alignment with Mechanical Turk

Word alignment is an important preprocessing step for machine translation. The project aims at incorporating manual alignments from Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) to help improve word alignment quality. As a global crowdsourcing service, MTurk can provide flexible and abundant labor force and there-fore reduce the cost of obtaining labels. An easy-to-use interface is developed to simplify the labeling process. We compare the alignment results by Turkers to that by experts, and incorporate the alignments in a semi-supervised word alignment tool to improve the quality of the labels. We also compared two pricing strategies for word alignment task. Experimental results show high precision of the alignments provided by Turkers and the semi-supervised approach achieved 0.5% absolute reduction on alignment error rate.
Radiation‐induced point defect clusters in copper and gold

The transmission electron microscope technique was used to investigate the defect structures introduced by bombardment of thin films of copper and gold with heavy particles. The black spot defects in gold can be shown to be produced directly in displacement cascades if the energies of the cascades are high enough. The size of the observed defect clusters increases with increasing primary energy. A very energetic primary can produce a bunch of closely spaced defect clusters. Charged particle irradiations of copper indicate that contrary to gold not every primary event above a certain threshold energy is observed. This is interpreted as being due to the formation of non-overlapping subcascades, each of which might form a stable cluster but is generally too small to be observed under our experimental conditions. Those clusters in copper and gold that have been identified unambiguously are of vacancy type. In dunnen Schichten von Kupfer und Gold wurden die Defekte, die bei der Bestrahlung mit schweren Teilchen entstehen, mit Hilfe der elektronenmikroskopischen Durchstrahlungstechnik untersucht. Man kann zeigen, das die „schwarzen Punkte” in Gold direkt in Verlagerungskaskaden erzeugt werden, vorausgesetzt, die Kaskadenenergie ist hoch genug. Die Grose der Cluster wachst mit steigender Primarenergie. Ein sehr energiereiches Primaratom kann auch mehrere eng beieinander liegende Cluster erzeugen. Aus Bestrahlungen von Kupfer mit geladenen Teilchen ergibt sich, das nicht jedes Primaratom, dessen Energie uber einem gewissen Schwellenwert liegt, einen „schwarzen Punkt” erzeugt. Dies wird auf die Bildung von nicht uberlappenden Unterkaskaden zuruckgefuhrt, wobei im allgemeinen die von einzelnen Unterkaskaden herruhrenden Cluster zu klein sind, um unter unseren experimentellen Bedingungen beobachtet zu werden. Diejenigen Cluster in Kupfer und Gold, die eindeutig identifiziert werden konnten, sind Leerstellenagglomerate.
The role of ATP hydrolysis for kinesin processivity.

Conventional kinesin is a highly processive, plus-end-directed microtubule-based motor that drives membranous organelles toward the synapse in neurons. Although recent structural, biochemical, and mechanical measurements are beginning to converge into a common view of how kinesin converts the energy from ATP turnover into motion, it remains difficult to dissect experimentally the intermolecular domain cooperativity required for kinesin processivity. We report here our pre-steady-state kinetic analysis of a kinesin switch I mutant at Arg210 (NXXSSRSH, residues 205–212 in Drosophila kinesin). The results show that the R210A substitution results in a dimeric kinesin that is defective for ATP hydrolysis and a motor that cannot detach from the microtubule although ATP binding and microtubule association occur. We propose a mechanistic model in which ATP binding at head 1 leads to the plus-end-directed motion of the neck linker to position head 2 forward at the next microtubule binding site. However, ATP hydrolysis is required at head 1 to lock head 2 onto the microtubule in a tight binding state before head 1 dissociation from the microtubule. This mechanism optimizes forward movement and processivity by ensuring that one motor domain is tightly bound to the microtubule before the second can detach.
Transcatheter Advances in the Treatment of Adult and Congenital Valvular Heart Disease

Transcatheter valve therapies represent the newest frontier in interventional cardiology. At present, transcatheter aortic valve replacement and mitral valve edge-to-edge repair are currently approved by the US FDA in appropriately selected patients. These transcatheter therapies are typically employed in patients of advanced age with comorbid conditions. However, many younger adults with congenital heart disease are of comparable surgical risk due to multiple previous open heart surgeries. An array of percutaneous options currently exists for either temporizing or treating such patients (e.g., balloon septostomy, valvuloplasty, coiling of patent ductus arteriosus), but evidence-based treatment options for degenerative valve disease in this population are currently lacking. The most significant advance in this area to date has been the development and validation of transcatheter pulmonic valve implantation. Similarly, catheter-based approaches for the treatment of other valve lesions in patients with congenital valve disease are gaining interest, based in large part on promising evidence from studies of patients with acquired adult valvular heart disease.
Test Point Selections for a Programmable Gain Amplifier Using NIST and Wavelet Transform Methods

Test point selections for a programmable gain amplifier (PGA) using the National Institute of Standard (NIST) and wavelet transform methods are investigated. Although the wavelet transform method is an efficient method in test point selection for many mixed-signal devices, for a PGA with 31 input steps, the NIST method is shown to be more accurate in predicting the output gain responses than the wavelet transform method.
Mechanical Property and Processing Investigation of Pulsed Laser Deposited Al2O3 and AlN-TiN Thin Films

We have grown alumina (Al2 O3 ) and Aluminum Nitride - Titanium Nitride (AlN-TiN) multilayer thin films on (100) silicon substrates using KrF excimer pulsed laser. Hardness, Young’s Modulus and fracture toughness of the films were analyzed using Vickers and nanoindentation methods. The films with thicknesses ranging from 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm were tested under indentation loads as small as 100mN with the MTS nanoindentor up to 3000 mN with the Vickers test. By studying the Al2 O3 and AlN-TiN films on the Si substrates we were able to assess the fracture toughness and the nature of the cracking and delamination. The effects of the processing parameters (laser energy and substrate temperature) on these films were studied. The fracture toughness was analyzed by different methods.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
BMET-40NANO PLATFORM FOR DYNAMIC IN VIVO TRACKING OF NEURAL STEM CELLS TO BRAIN METASTASES OF BREAST CANCER

INTRODUCTION: Brain metastases of breast cancer (BMBC) are the leading cause of brain malignancy and mortality in women with limited therapeutic options. Recent innovations by our group have demonstrated a novel BMBC-targeted therapeutic modality utilizing a human neural stem cell (hNSC) line approved by FDA for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) therapy. Here we report a nano tracing strategy to expand the therapeutic scope of hNSCs by incorporating Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (MSNs) labeled with radioisotopes for Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), thus establishing the feasibility of real-time tracking of therapeutic hNSCs in preclinical models of BMBC, and enabling the multifaceted theranostic platform. METHODS: To establish brain metastasis models, intracardiac injection of metastatic breast cancer cells (MDA-MB231-BrM2 expressing firefly luciferase/fluc; 2.5x105 cells/200 µl PBS) was performed in female nude mice. Weekly bioluminescence imaging (BLI) was done to track the development of BMBC. MSNs were synthesized and radiolabeled with 111In for hNSC loading and SPECT imaging. Labeled hNSCs were then delivered either locally via intracranial microinjection (5x105 cells) or systemically via intracardiac injection (3x106 cells). MicroSPECT/CT imaging was performed for tracking NSCs at various time points. The brains were then collected and processed for histology and immunocytochemistry verification. RESULTS: In the intracranial models, SPECT/CT shows dynamic migration of 111In-MSN-labeled hNSCs towards the strong fluc+ BMBC. The distribution patterns of NSCs reflects those of BMBC. In the systemic models, effective extravasation of hNSCs from circulation to BMBC sites 48 h after injection was also confirmed. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate a novel nano material-based strategy to achieve sensitive and real-time tracking of migratory hNSCs targeting BMBC. Integration of multi-modal imaging co-registration allowing for simultaneous visualization of BMBC and stem cells will greatly enhance our knowledge of the behaviors of therapeutic stem cells in the brain.
The Future of the New York Racing Association Reorganization Board

This article explores the questions likely to be raised by the likely termination New York Racing Association Reorganization Board in the fall of 2016.
Role of Nonlinear Coupling and Density Fluctuations in Magnetic-Fluctuation-Induced Particle Transport

Three-wave nonlinear coupling among spatial Fourier modes of density and magnetic fluctuations is directly measured in a magnetically confined toroidal plasma. Density fluctuations are observed to gain (lose) energy from (to) either equilibrium or fluctuating fields depending on the mode number. Experiments indicate that nonlinear interactions alter the phase relation between density and magnetic fluctuations, leading to strong particle transport.
Thinking the boundaries of customary law in South Africa

This article begins by taking up the theoretical proximity between scholar and attorney Wilmien Wicomb's conception, drawn from a hybrid of Derridean thought and cybernetic theory, of customary law within South Africa as a 'complex system', and the complexity theory of founding neoliberal legal thinker Friedrich Hayek, for whom cybernetic complexity theory was a substantial intellectual influence. Wicomb's theoretical frame raises the question of the role the market plays and ought to play in the creation and maintenance of spaces within which customary law can function as an independent, constitutionally recognised source of law within South Africa. This question is of pressing importance at a moment when neoliberalism, understood as a mode of governance, is an active and harmful paradigm in the lives of members of customary communities, as well as in the legal culture more broadly, in South Africa, as an analysis of the legal norms present in South Africa's 'vision for 2030', the National Development Plan, will demonstrate. Wicomb's work, it is argued, offers an occasion for a critical rethinking of the status of customary law, its boundaries, and the kinds of legal institutions capable of responding to it at the contemporary legal moment in South Africa.
IR Spectroscopic Measurement of Diffusion Kinetics of Chemisorbed Pyridine through TiO2 Particles

The chemisorption and surface diffusion/desorption of pyridine from TiO2 powder (P25) have been measured as a function of temperature using transmission IR spectroscopy. Two classes of diffusion have been measured with activation energies of 36 kJ/mol (fast) and 90 kJ/mol (slow). By comparing density functional theory (DFT) calculations of bonding energies on TiO2 rutile (110) and anatase (101), the dominant crystal planes expected in P25 TiO2, it is found that fast diffusion would be expected on the rutile phase and that much slower diffusion would be expected on the anatase phase. In addition, the presence of oxygen defect sites will produce more strongly bound pyridine than either of the model crystal planes selected for investigation. To both types of TiO2 surfaces, pyridine bonding occurs to coordinatively unsaturated Ti cation sites through the N lone pair of the pyridine molecule. More than 85% of the molecules exhibit slow surface diffusion, and this is attributed to diffusion on the dominant anat...
Optimization of the Extraction Technology of Total Alkaloids from Dendrobium nobil by Ultrasonic Assisted Method

In order to extract total alkaloids from Dendrobium nobil Lindl.by ultrasonic assisted method effectively,using yield of alkaloids as index,the influencing factors such as alcohol volume fraction,ultrasonic power,extraction time and solid to liquid ratio were studied,and orthogonal experiment was used to optimize the extraction conditions.The results showed that the yield of alkaloids was the highest(0.248%) when using 70% alcohol as extractant,ultrasonic power at 200 W,extraction time for 20 min and solid to liquid ratio at 1∶8(m / V,g∶mL).
Determination of Antimony in Beverage by Hydride Generation Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry

Objective To establish a method for determination of antimony in beverage by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry.Methods The content of antimony was determined by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry while L-cysteine as the reducing-agent.Results In the best conditions (1%HCl,2%KBH4,2% L-cysteine) for the given method,there was no interference when determining the content of antimony in the presence of 40 mg/L Fe~(3+),Pb~(2+),50 mg/L Cu~(2+),Mn~(2+),Zn~(2+),Sn~(2+),Se~(4+),Hg~(2+),As~(3+),Bi~(3+) and 10 mg/L Cr~(6+),Cd~(2+).The linear regression equation was y=65.1 x+13.2 for this method in the case 0-60.0μg/ml.The related coefficient (r) was 0.999 9,the detection hmit was 0.35μg/L,the recovery rate was in the range of 89.50%-103.75%.The RSDs were 1.51% and 1.22%.Compared with the national standard methods,no significant difference was seen between the results (P0.05).Conclusion This method is of characteristic that less reagent,less pollution, lower detection limit,higher sensitivity and reproducibility,wider linear range,less interference and is applicable to the determination of antimony in beverage.
Actinic or factitial enteritis: an unusual cause of the malabsorption syndrome.

Deep irradiation with x-rays or radium may cause gastrointestinal symptoms soon after exposure or years after the initial treatment. An uncommon late manifestation of such treatment is the malabsorption syndrome occurring secondary to actinic or factitial enteritis.The author presents the case history of a patient in whom factitial enteritis developed due to exposure to deep irradiation 18 years before the patient entered the Mayo Clinic for treatment. This exposure caused damage to the small intestine and to the colonic wall, from which a secondary malabsorption syndrome developed.
Left ventricular function abnormalities as a manifestation of silent myocardial ischemia.

Left ventricular dysfunction occurs commonly during silent myocardial ischemia. The most common manifestations of silent left ventricular dysfunction are regional abnormalities of myocardial relaxation and contraction. Silent left ventricular dysfunction may be spontaneous or stress-induced and may be unmasked using nitroglycerin administration. Demonstration of silent left ventricular dysfunction may predict a favorable response to revascularization.
Nanomole-Scale Assignment and One-Use Kits for Determining the Absolute Configuration of Secondary Alcohols

Two different protocols were developed and optimized to address the need for (1) high sensitivity or (2) convenient utilization in the determination of the absolute configuration of secondary alcohols. The first protocol uses the competing enantioselective conversion (CEC) method to determine configuration on nanomole scale. Reactions were conducted with 145 nmol of the substrate using a 50 μL microsyringe as the reaction vessel, and the absolute configuration was assigned via qualitative determination of the fast reaction by thin-layer chromatography. This protocol resulted in a 50-fold reduction in material required from previous CEC method studies. The approach was evaluated with benzylic and β-aryl systems. The second protocol was optimized to address the needs of practicing medicinal chemists. A one-use CEC kit was developed, where the fast reaction was identified by 1H NMR spectroscopy and thin-layer chromatography. The CEC reaction conditions developed for the microsyringe protocol and the one-use ...
Perlite for Cryogenic Insulation

Perlite is a moisture-containing volcanic rock found in large deposits throughout the world. When the rock is crushed and expanded with heat (a process similar to the popping of com) it makes excellent insulation for many cryogenic applications, Perlite has a low thermal conductivity and is inexpensive. It is not as hygroscopic as other siliceous powders and therefore is easier to prepare for vacuum conditions. In the past, evacuated perlite has been used extensively to insulate transport vessels for cryogenic fluids. Perlite is mined primarily in the western United States. There are large perlite deposits located near Rosita and Antonito, Colorado, and Socorro and Magdalena, New Mexico. The chemical composition of perlite will vary slightly, depending upon the location in which it is mined.
An Approach to Audio-Only Editing for Visually Impaired Seniors

Older adults and people with vision impairments are increasingly using phones to receive audio-based information and want to publish content online but must use complex audio recording/editing tools that often rely on inaccessible graphical interfaces. This poster describes the design of an accessible audio-based interface for post-processing audio content created by visually impaired seniors. We conducted a diary study with five older adults with vision impairments to understand how to design a system that would allow them to edit content they record using an audio-only interface. Our findings can help inform the development of accessible audio-editing interfaces for people with vision impairments more broadly.
On the compensation between cloud feedback and cloud adjustment in climate models

Intermodel compensation between cloud feedback and rapid cloud adjustment has important implications for the range of model-inferred climate sensitivity. Although this negative intermodel correlation exists in both realistic (e.g., coupled ocean–atmosphere models) and idealized (e.g., aqua-planet) model configurations, the compensation appears to be stronger in the latter. The cause of the compensation between feedback and adjustment, and its dependence on model configuration remain poorly understood. In this study, we examine the characteristics of the cloud feedback and adjustment in model simulations with differing complexity, and analyze the causes responsible for their compensation. We show that in all model configurations, the intermodel compensation between cloud feedback and cloud adjustment largely results from offsetting changes in marine boundary-layer clouds. The greater prevalence of these cloud types in aqua-planet models is a likely contributor to the larger correlation between feedback and adjustment in those configurations. It is also shown that differing circulation changes in the aqua-planet configuration of some models act to amplify the intermodel range and sensitivity of the cloud radiative response by about a factor of 2.
Single-particle detection of virus simulants under microfluidic flow with two-dimensional photonic crystals (Conference Presentation)

Because of their compatibility with standard CMOS fabrication, small footprint, and exceptional sensitivity, Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals (2D PhCs) have been posited as attractive components for the development of real-time integrated photonic virus sensors. While detection of single virus-sized particles by 2D PhCs has been demonstrated, specific recognition of a virus simulant under conditions relevant to sensor use (including aqueous solution and microfluidic flow) has remained an unsolved challenge. This talk will describe the design and testing of a W1 waveguide-coupled 2D PhC in the context of addressing that challenge.
‘International society’ versus’ ‘world society’: Europe and the Greek War of Independence

This paper examines the interplay between international society and world society during the Greek War of Independence. It argues that the Philhellenist movement represented a European world society, which politically engaged with European international society in an effort to influence the latter’s policies pertaining to the Greek case. As a result, a tension between the two emerged. The independence of Greece constituted a major illustration of the European Concert in action. However, European world society played a major role in the final outcome. Not only did European world society provided the means to the Greeks to pursue their cause but, most importantly, kept the hope of independence alive even at times when the Greek revolt appeared to be dead. Moreover, European world society served as an additional factor in the calculations of European powers, thereby exercising considerable influence over the decisions and actions of the governments of the European powers.