cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inventory Control: Fuzzy Demand

This chapter continues Chapter 20 on fuzzy inventory control. The first changes made in this chapter are to allow shortages and have demand \(\overline{D}_i\) fuzzy. There will be no backlogging (back orders) so shortages result in lost sales and loss of customer’s goodwill. The penalty cost, due to shortages, is usually very difficult to estimate so it will be modeled by a fuzzy number \(\overline{p}_i\) for the period i. We will still minimize the total fuzzy cost, with \(\overline{D}_i\), \(\overline{K}_i\), \(\overline{h}_i\), \(\overline{p}_i\) and also the \(\overline{x}_i\) (i ≥ 2) all fuzzy, subject to fuzzy \(\overline{x}_{N+1}\) approximately zero. We now discuss in more detail the changes from Chapter 20 to this chapter in order to handle fuzzy demand and shortages. Then we plan to apply our Monte Carlo method to a numerical example and compare its solution to a crisp solution and an evolutionary algorithm solution.
The American Family: Change and Diversity — A Course with Opportunities for Human Reflective Action

Efforts to design and deliver an interdisciplinary, general education course on the history of the family are described. A goal of the course is to incorporate considerable opportunities for students to engage in reflective activity.
Seasonal Occurrence of the Pea Aphid and a Braconid Parasite, Aphidius smithi, in Kentucky123

The seasonal occurrence and abundance of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), and its parasite, Aphidius smithi Sharma & Subba Rao, were studied in alfalfa and red clover fields in Kentucky from December 1967 to January 1970. Populations of pea aphids indicated a 2-peaked curve of abundance, with a vernal peak occurring in May and June and an autumnal peak in September and October. Vernal population peaks were reached at 975 aphids per 100 sweeps in 1968 and 1395 aphids/100 sweeps in 1969. Autumnal peaks were 15,606 aphids/100 sweeps in 1968 and 11,822 aphids/100 sweeps in 1969. Summer lows in pea aphid populations were 129 aphids/100 sweeps in July 1968 and 13 aphids/100 sweeps in August 1969. Low numbers were typical during winter months. Insecticidal treatments for control of the alfalfa weevil reduced the numbers of pea aphids but did not change population trends. The degree of parasitization fluctuated each year and resulted in several peaks in the population of wasps, Parasite populations exhibited a high degree of density-dependency, with populations responding rapidly to an increase in host density and declining as host density declined. The peak percentage of parasitism was 46% in 1968 and 69% in 1969. Greater numbers of wasps were observed in autumn, but the percentage of parasitism was slightly lower than in spring and early summer. Insecticidal treatments appeared to have little effect on parasite populations. The parasites collected were 61.6% females. The female: male ratio was high during June, September, October, November, and December.
Covalent Inhibition of Serine β-Lactamases by Novel Hydroxamic Acid Derivatives

The effectiveness of β-lactam antibiotics is greatly limited by the ability of bacteria to produce β-lactamases. These enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of β-lactams and thus loss of their antibiotic activity. The search for inhibitors of β-lactamases began soon after β-lactams were introduced into medical practice and continues today. Some time ago, we introduced a new class of covalent serine β-lactamase inhibitors, the O-aryloxycarbonyl hydroxamates, that inactivated these enzymes by a unique mechanism in which the active site became cross-linked. We describe in this paper some new variants of this class of inhibitor. First, we investigated compounds in which more polar hydroxamates were incorporated. These were generally not more active than the original compounds against representative class A and class C β-lactamases, but one of them, 1-(benzoyl)-O-(phenoxycarbonyl)-3-hydroxyurea, was significantly more stable in solution, thus revealing a useful platform for further design. Second, we describe a series of O-(arylphosphoryl) hydroxamates that are also irreversible inactivators of class A and class C β-lactamases, by phosphorylation of the enzyme, as revealed by mass spectra. These compounds did not, however, cross-link the enzyme active site. A striking feature of their structure-activity profile was that hydroxamate remained the leaving group on enzyme phosphorylation rather than aryloxide, even though the aryloxide was intrinsically the better leaving group, as indicated by pKa values and demonstrated by the products of hydrolysis in free solution. Model building suggested that this phenomenon arises from the relative affinity of the enzyme active site components for the two leaving groups. The results obtained for both groups of inhibitors are important for further optimization of these inhibitors.
Intravenous Thrombolysis in 3-4.5 Hours: Utilization and Outcomes – Analysis of the Minnesota Stroke Registry (P02.192)

Objective: We analyzed data from the Minnesota Stroke Registry to assess the rates of IV thrombolytic utilization in this expanded window and examine outcomes of patients treated within the 3-4.5 hrs window. Background The results of the third European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS 3) demonstrated that intravenous (IV) thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke improved patient outcomes when administered within 3-4.5 hrs after symptom onset. Design/Methods: We identified patients who had received IV recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in Minnesota stroke registry. Treatment groups were those actually treated by IV rt-PA in 0-3 hrs and those treated by IV rt-PA in 3-4.5 hrs. We compared the rates of unfavorable outcome and in-hospital mortality among patients treated with IV rt-PA within 3-4.5 hrs to those who received IV rt-PA within the conventional 0-3 hrs window. Results: Out of the total 519 patients who received IV rt-PA for AIS, 433 (83%) were treated within 0-3 hrs and 86 (17%) within 3-4.5 hrs. Adjusting for age, sex, and “adverse initial examination findings” (reduced level of consciousness, aphasia, and weakness), there was a trend towards higher rates of unfavorable outcome at discharge among those treated within 3-4.5 hrs compared to those treated within 0-3 hrs time window (Odds ratio [OR], 1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 3.26). In hospital mortality did not differ between the 3-4.5 hrs groups and 0-3 hrs groups (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.38 to 2.96). Incidence of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage was non-significantly lower in the 3-4.5 hrs group compared to the 0-3 hrs group (2.3% vs.4.6%, p=0.34). Conclusions: Patients who received IV rt-PA within the 3-4.5 hrs window comprised 17% of all IV rt-PA cases treated in the MSR hospitals after guidelines recommended time window expansion. Outcomes of these patients were comparable to those treated within 3 hours of symptom onset. Disclosure: Dr. Tekle has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chaudhry has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hassan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Peacock has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lakshminarayan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tsai has nothing to disclose. Dr. Anderson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Anderson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Qureshi has nothing to disclose.
Spatial patterns of sediment dynamics within a medium-sized watershed over an extreme storm event

Abstract In this study, we quantified spatial patterns of sediment dynamics in a watershed of 311 km 2 over an extreme storm event using watershed modeling and statistical analyses. First, we calibrated a watershed model, Dynamic Watershed Simulation Model (DWSM) by comparing the predicted with calculated hydrograph and sedigraph at the outlet for this event. Then we predicted values of event runoff volume ( V ), peak flow ( Q peak ), and two types of event sediment yields for lumped morphological units that contain 42 overland elements and 21 channel segments within the study watershed. Two overland elements and the connected channel segment form a first-order subwatershed, several of which constitute a larger nested subwatershed. Next we examined (i) the relationships between these variables and area ( A ), precipitation ( P ), mean slope ( S ), soil erodibility factor, and percent of crop and pasture lands for all overland elements (i.e., the small spatial scale, SSS), and (ii) those between sediment yield, Q peak , A , P , and event runoff depth ( h ) for the first-order and nested subwatersheds along two main creeks of the study watershed (i.e., the larger spatial scales, LSS). We found that at the SSS, sediment yield was nonlinearly well related to A and P , but not Q peak and h ; whereas at the LSS, linear relationships between sediment yield and Q peak existed, so did the Q peak – A , and Q peak – P relationships. This linearity suggests the increased connectivity from the SSS to LSS, which was caused by ignorance of channel processes within overland elements. It also implies that sediment was transported at capacity during the extreme event. So controlling sediment supply from the most erodible overland elements may not efficiently reduce the downstream sediment load.
Bioreducible Poly(Beta-Amino Ester)s for Intracellular Delivery of SiRNA

RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool to target and knockdown gene expression in a sequence-specific manner. RNAi can be achieved by the intracellular introduction of SiRNA; however, intracellular SiRNA delivery remains a challenging obstacle. Herein we describe the use of bioreducible nanoparticles formed using poly(beta-amino ester)s (PBAEs) for safe and efficient SiRNA delivery. Methods for polymer synthesis, nanoparticle formation, and SiRNA delivery using these particles are described. A template protocol for nanoparticle screening is presented and can be used to quickly optimize SiRNA delivery for novel applications.
A proposed classification for follicular involvement by melanoma.

Background Folliculotropism in melanoma is poorly characterized and standard categorization for follicular involvement by melanoma is unavailable. We propose a logical categorization system. Methods We conducted a search of our archives over a 24-year period for cases mentioning the terms follicle, follicular, folliculotropic, folliculocentric and melanoma. Results We identified 90 cases of melanoma with involvement of the hair follicle. Distinct patterns were identified. The invasive patterns were primary follicular, folliculotropic and invasive arising from melanoma in situ (MIS) with extensive follicular involvement. Follicular involvement by MIS was either lentiginous, nested or a combination of both. A total of 29 invasive melanomas were identified. Of these 12 had invasive melanoma around the hair follicle, 2 were primary follicular melanomas, 7 showed folliculotropism and 3 were invasive melanomas arising from MIS around the follicle. Seventeen invasive melanomas had follicles only involved by MIS (9 nested, 6 nested and lentiginous and 2 lentiginous). A total of 61 cases of MIS with follicular involvement were identified; of these 33 were lentiginous, 10 nested and 18 both lentiginous and nested. Conclusion We propose that the three distinct patterns of follicular involvement by invasive melanoma and the three distinct patterns of MIS will be valuable for logically categorizing involvement of the hair follicle by melanoma.
Misfit dislocation patterns of Mg-Nb interfaces

Abstract The role of heterogeneous interfaces in improving mechanical properties of polycrystalline aggregates and laminated composites has been well recognized with interface structure being of fundamental importance in designing composites containing multiple interfaces. In this paper, taking the Mg (hexagonal close-packed (hcp))/Nb (body-centered cubic (bcc)) interface as an example, we develop Mg-Nb interatomic potentials for predicting atomic configurations of Mg/Nb interfaces. We systematically characterize interface dislocations of Mg/Nb interfaces with Nishiyama-Wassermann (NW) and Kurdjumov-Sachs (KS) orientation relationships and propose a generalized procedure of characterizing interface structure by combining atomistic simulation and interface dislocation theory, which is applicable for not only hcp/bcc interfaces, but also other systems with complicated interface dislocation configurations. In Mg/Nb, interface dislocation networks of two types of interfaces are significantly different although they originate from partial dislocations of similar character: the NW interface is composed of three sets of partial dislocations, while the KS interface is composed of four sets of interface dislocations - three sets of partial dislocations and one set of full dislocations that forms from the reaction of two close partial dislocations.
Educational Interventions to Improve Support for Family Presence During Resuscitation: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Background Family presence during resuscitation (FPDR) remains controversial among nurses. Individual studies have shown educational interventions can improve support for FPDR; however, a systematic review of the literature has not been performed to appraise and synthesize the evidence. Objectives The aim of this systematic review was to appraise and synthesize studies conducted to test the effect of education on nurses' and providers' support for FPDR. Methods Electronic searches of CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PubMed were performed. The PRISMA flow diagram and predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to guide article selection. Articles selected for inclusion were evaluated for rigor in study design, sample, setting, and data collection and analysis. Results Sixteen articles met eligibility criteria. Study findings demonstrated educational interventions can improve support for FPDR, as well as intent to offer it as an option. Methodological limitations of existing research and a lack of comparative studies render the optimal approach (classroom, simulation, or online) to FPDR education unknown. Discussion Nurse educators should consider implementing educational interventions to improve nurses' support for FPDR and prepare them to implement it in clinical practice. More research on FPDR educational interventions is needed to be able to provide specific guidance on optimal approaches to FPDR education.
Real DC capacitor-less active capacitors

Single-phase pulse width modulation H-bridge active capacitors have second-order harmonic ripple voltages on the DC bus. The second-order harmonic power is usually filtered by a bulk capacitor on the DC bus to maintain a constant dc-bus voltage, which results in low power density. However, in applications like active capacitors, a larger DC bus voltage fluctuation is acceptable since the DC bus connects to no load. This paper releases the constraints on DC bus voltage ripples so that the dc-bus capacitor can be fully utilized. Based on this idea, an infinite active capacitor and three types of real DC capacitor-less active capacitors are proposed, in which the dc-bus capacitors are completely removed. The analysis and design are validated by simulations.
Marketplace Clinics Complementing Diabetes Care for Urban Residing American Indians.

Introduction: For several decades, the Minneapolis American Indian population has experienced limited health care access and threefold diabetes health disparity. As part of an urban health initiati...
Compute-to-Learn: Authentic Learning via Development of Interactive Computer Demonstrations within a Peer-Led Studio Environment

In this paper, we report on the implementation of a novel compute-to-learn pedagogy, which is based upon the theories of situated cognition and meaningful learning. The compute-to-learn pedagogy is designed to simulate an authentic research experience as part of the undergraduate curriculum, including project development, teamwork, peer review, and publication. The compute-to-learn pedagogy was piloted during the Fall 2015 semester within a one-semester, peer-led honors studio environment that uses active learning strategies to encourage cooperation and collaboration among students as they learn how to program. The rationale behind the pedagogy, lessons learned, and adjustments made based on three iterations of its execution, and its initial assessment through end-of-semester interviews are discussed.
Reviews of books by: Alejandra Uslenghi, Nancy J. Gates-Madsen,Elzbieta Sklodowska, Patrick Dove,Charles Hatfield

Latin America at Fin-de Siecle Universal Exhibitions: Modern Cultures of Visuality. By Alejandra Uslenghi. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. 244 pages. Reviewed by: Shelley Garrigan, North Carolina State University Trauma, Taboo and Truth Telling: Listening to Silences in Postdictatorship Argentina. By Nancy J. Gates-Madsen. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2016. 235 pages. Reviewed by: Ana Forcinito, University of Minnesota Invento, luego resisto: El Periodo Especial en Cuba como experiencia y metafora (1990-2015).By Elzbieta Sklodowska. Santiago, Chile: Cuarto Propio, 2016. 494 pages. Reviewed by: Vicky Unruh, University of Kansas, Emerita Literature and “Interregnum”: Globalization, War, and the Crisis of Sovereignty in Latin America. By Patrick Dove. Albany: SUNY Press, 2016. 330 pages. Reviewed by: Michael J. Lazzara, University of California, Davis The Limits of Identity: Poetics and Politics in Latin America. By Charles Hatfield. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2015. 158 pages. Reviewed by: Ignacio M. Sanchez Prado, Washington University in St. Louis
Power Electronics Modeling and Design: Using Parametric and Model-Form Uncertainty Quantification to Assess Predictive Accuracy of Power Converter Models

This article presents an enhanced modeling framework for the design of power electronics converters and systems. This methodology provides the means to assess and quantify the predictive accuracy of power converter models, a capability that is attained by the proper identification, characterization, and quantification of the different, and often numerous, sources of uncertainty in the modeling and simulation process. For illustrative purposes, an in-depth example is presented using a power electronics building block (PEBB) as the modeling test bed, demonstrating how, through this formal modeling procedure-and taking into consideration the uncertainties in the system-the model in question can predict the variable of interest within a known range with a given level of confidence, without requiring heuristic safety factors. This predicted range can be used as the required design margin when the selected output is a design variable, evincing the inherent potential of having a less conservative and more reliable power converter using the design methodology with uncertainty quantification.
Rapid Aqueous Photouncaging by Red Light

This work describes three new red-photocleavable dyes. The best-performing dye exhibits a quantum yield of 5.7% in 30:70 v/v water/acetonitrile and approximately 80% release of benzoic acid using a 626 nm LED. Photo-orthogonality between this dye and a UV-activated photouncaging group was demonstrated. Additionally, a qualitative comparison between the same pair of dyes in a gel was performed, highlighting the superior penetration depth that can be achieved using the newly reported dye.
Strength and Failure Energy for Adhesive Interfaces as a Function of Loading Rate

Adhesives are used to bond different materials to resist impact and penetration. This adhesive bond layer is a frequent source of failure when subjected to impact loadings. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the cohesive strength and failure behavior, especially at high loading rates. Experimental methods are limited in characterizing the mechanical behavior of adhesive bonds at high loading rate, so a unique experimental method and a specimen geometry was developed to determine the effect of loading rate on the failure (Mode I) of a commercially available adhesive (EPON 828). Four-point bend specimens consisting of two aluminum “wings” bonded together with the adhesive were tested at different loading rates, from quasi-static to high-rate. The high rate loading was performed using a unique modified Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) setup. Embedded quartz transducers at the loading interfaces were used to measure the applied loads at both sides of the bar-specimen interfaces, which helped to optimize the input stress waves using wave-shapers to conduct valid dynamic experiments. Digital image correlation (DIC) method was used as an optical crack opening displacement (COD) gage to measure the onset of crack opening velocity (COV) to determine the failure initiation point on the loaddisplacement trace. The experimental results are used to obtain the energy required to initiate failure at different rates of loading. In this paper, the experimental methodology is presented, along with the results from these experiments. These data are being used to develop computational simulation methodologies to investigate the failure of bonded structures during dynamic impact loading. They will also be used to compare potential adhesives in determining the most qualified adhesive for various applications under different environmental conditions as well as different surface morphologies.
Why Multilateralism? Foreign Aid and Domestic Principal-Agent Problems

INTRODUCTION Why do countries sometimes use multilateral strategies and institutions for pursuing their foreign policies? Since World War Two the advanced industrial countries – basically, the OECD countries – have chosen to distribute part of their foreign aid through multilateral organizations, such as the European Union (EU), World Bank, IMF, UN, and regional development banks (RDBs). In particular I want to understand why these countries have chosen to delegate varying amounts of aid to these international organizations over the past 40 years. The delegation of aid-giving to multilateral organizations is surprising; it reduces a country's control over its own foreign policy and has the potential to increase principal-agent problems associated with all spending programs. The other choice that these countries had was to use their own bilateral aid agencies to select projects and oversee aid expenditures, which was the traditional practice prior to the 1960s. So the question addressed is why delegate the provision of foreign aid to a multilateral organization instead of using traditional bilateral channels. The total amount of such multilateral aid is not inconsequential. For instance, the World Bank gives aid in two main forms. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) uses its donor subscription base as collateral to borrow money on world capital markets, which it then lends at below market interest rates to developing countries. In 2001 the IBRD committed roughly $10.5 billion in low interest loans (World Bank 2001a).
The First (Black) Lady

First Lady Michelle Obama is an accomplished woman in her own right, defying racial, gender, and class stereotypes to excel in private practice and public service. Yet, during the campaign, a different portrait of this remarkable woman emerged that was noteworthy for its persistence and vitriol. Characterized as bitter, angry, and sassy, among other things, Michelle Obama exemplified life at the intersections of race and gender. Depicting Mrs. Obama in this intensely negative light, her critics essentially asked: How can Michelle Obama be First Lady when she’s no lady at all? This essay examines the social meaning of the First Lady, an unelected position lacking any Constitutionally-defined job description. As the discourse during the campaign suggested, this role is a national institution of great significance, largely because it personifies domesticity and traditional femininity. This essay argues that, as traditionally understood, the role of First Lady supports privileged white femininity. The essay further argues that the gender and racial norms contributing to the traditional First Lady trope exemplify the intertwined nature of racism and sexism, and particularly, how together they have been used to justify Black subordination. In this regard, the essay discusses how African Americans have embraced gender conformance as a way of attaining acceptance and status within the existing social order, specifically through the “Black lady” trope, which has been applied to Michelle Obama in response to the hostility she confronted in the media. Finally, the essay proposes ways in which Mrs. Obama’s First Ladyship has transformative potential.
4-(2-Benzoyl-ethyl)benzoic acid.

The title compound, C16H14O3, adopts a conformation in which each functional group is almost coplanar with its adjacent ring, while the two aromatic rings are twisted with respect to one another with a dihedral angle of 78.51 (3)°. The compound dimerizes by standard centrosymmetric hydrogen-bonded carboxyl pairing [O⋯O = 2.6218 (11) A and O—H⋯O = 176 (2)°]. The packing includes two inter­molecular C—H⋯O close contacts with the ketone group.
Suicide among elderly americans: a socio-cultural perspective

Today about 6000 Americans will die. The death certificates will reveal that more than 2000 succumbed to heart disease. When victims of cancer and stroke are added to this total, we will have accounted for about two-thirds of the deceased. These three conditions (heart disease, cancer, stroke) are not only leading causes of death in the general population, but are even more dominant among elderly adults. For example, the mortality rate attributed to cardiovascular disease is 11.4 among yong white males (ages 25 – 34), but rises to 5,407 for those at age 75 and beyond (Gee, 1989).
What drives entrepreneurs underground? The role of tax morale

ABSTRACTUsing novel cross-country data, we examine whether and to what extent tax morale impacts informal entrepreneurship. Employing instrumental variables strategy, we find that countries with higher tax morale enjoy lower informal entrepreneurship.
Central Government Strategies to Promote Local Governments’ Transparency: Guidance or Enforcement?

The push to make governments more transparent extends worldwide, as transparency is expected to boost citizens’ trust in government and participation in public affairs. Recent transparency laws and...
A Politics of Tending and Transformation

In Awaiting the King: Reforming Public Theology, James K. A. Smith gives us a liturgical political theology. The question posed here is whether that political theology attends to how the work of tending to the goods held in common by diverse democratic publics can also surprise and transform Christians and the liturgies of the Church.
Trapping the Complex Molecular Machinery of Polyketide and Fatty Acid Synthases with Tunable Silylcyanohydrin Crosslinkers

Many families of natural products are synthesized by large multidomain biological machines commonly referred to as megasynthases. While the advance of mechanism-based tools has opened new windows into the structural features within the protein-protein interfaces guiding carrier protein dependent enzymes, there is an immediate need for tools that can be engaged to link co-translated domains in a site-selective manner. Now, the use of silylcyanohydrins is demonstrated in a two-step, two-site selective crosslinking for the trapping of carrier-protein interactions within megasynthases. This advance provides a new tool to trap intermediate states within multimodular systems, a key step toward understanding the specificities within fatty acid (FAS) and polyketide (PKS) synthases.
Hematopoeitic Cell Transplant - Comorbidity Index (HCT-CI) Score Is a Useful Tool for Predicting Induction Mortality and Overall Survival in Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients

Intro: Assessment of induction mortality risk in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients is challenging. Hematopoietic cell transplant comorbidity index (HCT-CI) score was designed for risk assessment of patients undergoing an allogeneic transplant. However, it is often used in clinical practice to assess induction mortality risk in AML patients. We analyzed the predictive power of the score to assess induction mortality risk as well as overall survival in AML patients at our institution. Methods: Between Jan 2009 and March 2013, 101 consecutive newly diagnosed AML patients treated at our institution were included for analysis. All patients received bolus HiDAC (3gm/m2) on day 1-5 and high dose mitoxantrone (80mg/m2) on day 2. The median age was 65 years (range18-90). The total number of patients in the age group or ≤3. Results: The number of patients with the HCT-CI score of 0,1,2 and 3 were 8,13,17 and 13 respectively. 50% of our patients (51 patients) had a score of 4 or more on the HCT-CI index. The 4 and 8-week mortality in our cohort was 3/101 (2.9%) and 7/99 (7%) respectively. 4-week induction mortality in 3 (log-rank, p=0.0046, Fig1). 2-yr NRM rate for patients with HCT-CI score ≤3 and >3 was 47% and 71%, respectively (p=0.01, Fig2). Hazard ratio for overall mortality in patients with HCT-CI score >3 is 1.793 with p=0.023, 95% CI = (1.083 - 2.971). HR for 8-week mortality in patients with an HCT-CI score >3 is 2.035 (p=0.412), although not statistically significant due to a low number of events. However, by Cox multivariable regression analysis HCT-CI retained a significant impact on 8-week mortality (HR=1.24, p= 0.03) and overall survival (HR=1.144, p= 0.006). Conclusion: An HCT-CI score is a valuable tool in the assessment of the induction mortality in newly diagnosed AML patients and can be used for risk assessment of overall mortality. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Use of Templates to Perform Osteotomies of the Fibula and to Shape the Neo-mandible or Neomaxilla

Multiple closing wedge osteotomies of the straight fibula bone are necessary to recreate the three-dimensional shape of the mandible or maxilla. These osteotomies have traditionally been accomplished using templates based upon a preoperative CT scan and lateral cephalogram of the patient. Alternatively, using a virtual platform, computer-assisted design and modeling in combination with additive printing have also been utilized. Each technique has pros and cons, so it is important for reconstructive surgeons to be familiar with both methods. The current chapter describes how to perform osteotomies using either technique.
Genome Editing for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

The recent genome editing revolution has been fueled by the discovery and adaptation of highly specific endonucleases including meganucleases, zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9. These genome editing technologies permit user-defined genome modifications by creating double-strand DNA breaks and exploiting endogenous DNA repair pathways to introduce DNA sequence changes. Genome editing has entered multiple clinical trials in a range of diseases including HIV, cancer, and hemophilia, and several preclinical successes have been reported for treating models of neuromuscular diseases, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). These studies include correction of numerous different mutations in patient-derived muscle cells and stem cells by a variety of genome editing strategies and endonuclease technologies. Preclinical studies have also shown efficacy of genome editing by restoring dystrophin protein expression and improving skeletal muscle physiology in animal models of DMD. This preclinical work highlights the potential for DNA repair therapy to treat DMD and other debilitating and fatal genetic diseases. Ongoing work seeks to address remaining issues including efficient delivery, addressing potential immune response or off-target interactions, and characterizing long-term safety and efficacy.
Effective depth controls the nitrate removal rates in a water supply reservoir with a high nitrate load.

Abstract The Occoquan Reservoir is part of an indirect potable reuse system where a water reclamation plant (WRP) discharges a nitrified product water to prevent the onset of anaerobic conditions in the bottom sediments during the summer months. The elongated narrow shape of the reservoir combined with water temperature gradients in the inlet results in density currents that enhance the transport of nitrate from the surface to the bottom waters. The morphology of the reservoir also causes a longitudinal change in the ratio of water volume to sediment area, herein defined as the effective depth (ZED). Field observations revealed that first-order nitrate removal rate coefficients (k) varied inversely with ZED, suggesting that the upper reaches of the reservoir have a higher potential for nitrate removal compared to the areas closer to the dam. A similar relationship between k (d−1) and ZED was confirmed during laboratory experiments. Differences in k values were attributed mainly to the change in the nitrate supply rate as a result of the increase in water volume flowing over a specific sediment area, which limited nitrate transport to the sediments. The low variability found between the mass transfer coefficients for nitrate (Coefficient of Variation = 0.25) suggested a nearly constant biotic nitrogen removal and confirmed that k values were mainly affected by changes in ZED. Finally, similarities in k values between field and laboratory samples with similar ZED values suggested that different segments of natural systems may be properly downscaled to laboratory-sized configurations for analytical purposes by means of the ZED concept.
Tourism policy and political tribalism

America is polarized. Our political parties are highly polarized and the American electorate is highly polarized … Political divisions in American politics are now deep and real. James E. Campbell ...
Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Patients Older Than 50 Years-Proceed With Caution.

Abstract Hip arthroscopy has been shown to be a successful procedure to treat young patients with labral pathology caused by femoroacetabular impingement. However, as patients age and there is an associated increase in hip pathology, the results become less consistent. Although some patients will have decreased symptoms, approximately 25% to 30% will require total hip arthroplasty 2 to 5 years after the procedure.
Depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate, weight gain and amenorrhea among obese adolescent and adult women

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between obesity and the use of depot medroxyprogesterone (DMPA) with regard to weight gain and changes in bleeding pattern.Methods: A...
The Stability of Imploding Detonations

The relative stability of cylindrically imploding shock and detonation waves has been examined using a two-dimensional numerical model. A sequence of increasingly realistic chemistry models is used to explore the effect of model selection on the results. Comparisons with the predictions of the Chester-Chisnell-Whitham (CCW) theory for the acceleration of nonreactive shocks and detonations show quantitative agreement between theory and simulation for symmetrically imploding waves. The influence of structural supports in laboratory experiments on the symmetry of imploding waves is simulated by placing an obstacle in the path of the converging flow. Changes in the convergence time, reductions of the peak pressure at implosion, and deviations from symmetry during the implosion induced by the obstacle are greater for detonations than for the corresponding nonreactive shocks, in qualitative agreement with the linearized CCW theory for shocks and Chapman-Jouguet detonations. These conclusions continue to hold when more sophisticated Zel’dovich-von Neumann-Doering or finite-rate chemistry models are assumed. For these models, a substantial amount of new asymmetrical, dynamical structure is evident in the reaction zone behind the leading shock. The results concur with and extend previous theoretical work suggesting that imploding detonation waves are relatively more unstable than nonreactive shocks.
Estructura histórica, social y política de Colombia, de Fernando Guillén Martínez

Resena del libro "Estructura historica, social y politica de Colombia", del historiador y sociologo Fernando Guillen Martinez
Comparing different optical thermometries for use in condensed phase laser cooling

Establishing the optical refrigeration of semiconductors remains a longstanding goal due to potential applications in optoelectronics. Apart from stringent materials requirements, required to realize condensed phase laser cooling, namely the need to have near unity emission quantum yields, a practical challenge involves accurately measuring specimen temperatures in a non-contact fashion. Common all-optical approaches developed in response to this need include: pump– probe luminescence thermometry (PPLT) and differential luminescence thermometry (DLT). In this study, we compare and contrast PPLT and DLT to a newly developed up-conversion emission thermometry to establish the most robust approach for measuring semiconductor nanocrystal (NC) temperatures. Using high external quantum efficiency CdSe/CdS core/shell NCs, we reveal that up-conversion emission thermometry possesses higher accuracy than either PPLT or DLT. Up-conversion emission thermometry can also be used on specimens such as CsPbBr3 NCs with temperature-insensitive band gaps.
News Shocks and the Effects of Monetary Policy

Traditionally identified monetary shocks in a structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model typically result in long-lasting effects on output and total factor productivity (TFP). In this paper, I argue that the typical monetary shock has been confounded with the news shock about future technology. I propose and implement a novel SVAR approach that effectively ``cleans'' the technology component from the traditional Cholesky monetary shock. With the new identification, I find that a monetary shock exerts smaller and less persistent effects on output and the level of measured TFP than a traditionally identified monetary shock. The new identification also predicts a ``Fisherian'' effect that an unanticipated rise in the interest rate increases inflation. The novel empirical findings can reconcile some conflicting results in the SVAR literature and hence lead to a better understanding of the effects of monetary policy. Finally, I show that the standard New Keynesian model is not fully consistent with the empirical evidence uncovered by the novel SVAR method. However, the SVAR impulse responses can be replicated by augmenting the standard New Keynesian model with a time-varying inflation target and a non-Ricardian fiscal policy regime.
FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION IN UKRAINIAN LANDS IN 19-20TH CENTURIES IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN HISTORICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL RESEARCHES

The article provides analysis of historical premises and of the process of formation and development of Ukrainian school, national education and traditions, family and civil education of children and youth in Ukrainian lands in 19-20 th centuries. Based on the research of historical and pedagogical sources, analysis and synthesis, it was found out that Ukrainian people being the part of Russian and Austro-Hungarian Empires struggled for its right to speak Ukrainian, but governments of both states did what was necessary to eradicate Ukrainian spirit, Ukrainian language an Ukrainian song from the school. Private educational establishments were closed and teachers were harassed by the authorities for providing education in Ukrainian and using elements of Ukrainian social sciences in educational process. Pedagogical view of outstanding persons of Ukrainian education, literature and clerical elite concerning development of national education system are substantially revealed. Their views on children’s and youth’s education based on humanism, virtues, patriotism, ideas of national originality have become extremely actual in the modern society and should be reconsidered in the context of Ukrainian realia and educational tasks of higher pedagogical school. Key-words: Ukrainian school, national education, pedagogical views, concepts, regulations, clerical elite.
Trend in Measured SEL Sensitivity with Increasing Proton Induced Total Ionizing Dose to1Mrad(Si) on Zynq UltraScale Plus XCZU9EG FPGA

Experimental observation of the trend in SEL sensitivity was made for increasing proton induced TID/DD. The test samples were the Zynq Ultrascale Plus XCZU9EG FPGAs. The cumulative TID on one sample was near 1 Mrad(Si).
The Demographic Composition of Cyclical Consumption Volatility

This paper studies the effects of demographic structure on the cyclical volatility of aggregate consumption. We first document that young households have more volatile consumption expenditures in business cycles than prime-aged ones. Then, we identify large effects of demographic composition on cyclical volatility of consumption using variations of population age structure for 30 countries from 1951 to 2016. A simple model with differences in credit market access and exposure to shocks between agents of different age explains the empirical findings. When calibrated to the U.S. data, the model indicates that the former channel explains roughly 60 percent of the differences in cyclical consumption responses between young and old households, while the latter channel explains the remaining 40 percent.
Outcomes in Ventilated Burn Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: An evaluation of early High-PEEP Strategy using Berlin criteria.

INTRODUCTION Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a formidable sequela, complication, and mortality risk in patients with large burns with or without inhalation injury. Alveolar recruitment using higher Positive End Expiratory Pressures (PEEP) after the onset of ARDS has been tried with varying success. Studies have identified benefits for several rescue maneuvers in ARDS patients with refractory hypoxemia. A prophylactic strategy utilizing an early recruitment maneuver, however, has not, to our knowledge, been explored in ventilated burn patients. This study was designed to evaluate the natural progression and clinical outcomes of ARDS severity (mild, moderate, and severe) using Berlin criteria in ventilated burn patients treated with an early high-PEEP ventilator strategy. METHODS A single-center retrospective review of burn patients who were mechanically ventilated for greater than 48 hours utilizing an early high-PEEP >10 mmHg (10.36) ventilator strategy was performed at our Level 1 trauma and regional burn center. ARDS severity was defined according to the Berlin criteria and then compared to published results of ARDS severity, clinical outcomes, and mortality. Demographic data, as well as respiratory and clinical outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS Eighty-three patients met inclusion criteria and were evaluated. Utilizing the Berlin definition as a benchmark, 42.1% of patients met ARDS criteria on admission and most patients (85.5%) developed ARDS within the first seven days: 28 (34%) mild, 32 (38.6%) moderate, and 11 (13.3%) severe ARDS. The mean percent total body surface area (%TBSA) was 24.6 + 22.1, with 68.7% of patients diagnosed with inhalation injury. The highest incidence of ARDS was 57.8% on day 2 of admission. Most cases remained in the mild to moderate ARDS category with severe ARDS (2.4%) being less common by hospital day 7. Overall, 30-day in-hospital and inhalation injury mortality rates were 9.6% and 15.8%, respectively. No correlation was observed between plateau pressures (22.8), mean arterial pressures (84.4), or vasopressor requirements; and oxygen requirements down trended quickly over the first 24-48 hours. CONCLUSION In our study, implementing prophylactic, immediate high-PEEP in mechanically ventilated burn patients was associated with trends toward decreased severity and rapid resolution of ARDS in the first week following burn injury. This correlated with low 30-day in-hospital mortality in this population. This short and less severe course suggests that early high-PEEP support may be a viable protective strategy in the treatment of ventilated burn patients with ARDS.
Development of an IoT Water Quality Monitoring System for Data-Based Aquaculture Siting

Compared to historical levels, the oyster population in North Carolina has remained low, especially when compared with neighboring regions (e.g., Virginia). Therefore, to enable efficient aquaculture siting for shellfish fisheries, accurate measurement information about the suitability for a targeted location is needed to promote efficient use of resources. Currently available commercial measurement products are often expensive, which limits the amount of measurement points that can be achieved for a given cost point. There are some software-based aquaculture siting tools available, but they are limited in accuracy and utility by the amount of available and current measurement data in a particular area. To help promote data driven decision making, additional measurements are desirable. An internet of things (IoT) approach has been used effectively in other sectors, such as agriculture. This paper presents a similar IoT approach for aquaculture via a proposed water quality monitoring system with design features that are targeted for aquaculture siting applications (i.e., shellfish fisheries). The current challenges associated with aquaculture siting applications are discussed with a survey of currently available resources (e.g., commercial measurement systems and siting tools). This work presents the design requirements for the proposed water quality monitoring system, the design features, and analysis of the design features that validates the design requirements are satisfied.
The Advantages as an Instrument of Management of the Variable Cost Method in Comparison With the Observation Method

This work paper aims to identify and demonstrate the main differences between absorption costing and variable costing methods, comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each of the methods to later be able to identify which would be the best tool to be applied by the company, and the costing method that would offer better profitability for the same, being considered as a trustworthy management tool. A case study of the Facimpia company was used, where it was possible to analyze each method and then to make the right decision, by means of the results obtained with respect to the costs involved in the production as well as to the net profit of the same, having arrived at the conclusion that the stocks of each method could induce the manager to make a decision contrary to what should be due to the fact that the absorption indicates that there is more of stocks and the variable does not.
Carnap, Quine, and the humean condition

In his “Epistemology Naturalized,” Quine embraces a form of Humeanism. In this paper, I try to work out the significance of this Humeanism. In particular, I argue that it represents an anti-metaphysical position that Quine shares with Carnap. Crucial to my account is that contrary to much contemporary thinking on metaphysics, Carnap, and Quine following him, recognize both an ontological and an epistemological sense of metaphysics. As commentators have frequently acknowledged, Carnap and Quine disagree over rejecting metaphysics in the ontological sense. I will argue, though, that they agree in rejecting metaphysics in their shared epistemological sense of the term.