cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multielectron Chemistry within a Model Nickel Metalloprotein: Mechanistic Implications for Acetyl-CoA Synthase

The acetyl coenzyme A synthase (ACS) enzyme plays a central role in the metabolism of anaerobic bacteria and archaea, catalyzing the reversible synthesis of acetyl-CoA from CO and a methyl group through a series of nickel-based organometallic intermediates. Owing to the extreme complexity of the native enzyme systems, the mechanism by which this catalysis occurs remains poorly understood. In this work, we have developed a protein-based model for the NiP center of acetyl coenzyme A synthase using a nickel-substituted azurin protein (NiAz). NiAz is the first model nickel protein system capable of accessing three (NiI/NiII/NiIII) distinct oxidation states within a physiological potential range in aqueous solution, a critical feature for achieving organometallic ACS activity, and binds CO and −CH3 groups with biologically relevant affinity. Characterization of the NiI–CO species through spectroscopic and computational techniques reveals fundamentally similar features between the model NiAz system and the nati...
Abstract 313: Changes in Autophagic Flux in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Autophagy is an endogenous survival mechanism and adaptive response to cellular stress. We hypothesized that autophagy plays an important cardioprotective role in humans and would be accelerated during the ischemic stress of conventional heart surgery. In a prospective study to test this hypothesis, we measured key autophagy proteins (Beclin-1, Atg5-12, p62) in cardiac tissue from 5 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Right atrial biopsies were obtained before and after cessation of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). In 4 of these patients, CPB was associated with a marked decrease in cardiac Beclin-1, Atg5-12, and p62. We believe that depletion of these factors, particularly p62, reflects a brisk increase in autophagic flux (Fig. 1). In one patient (#02), autophagic flux appeared to be impaired. This occurred in an aged patient with characteristics of metabolic syndrome (MetS) who had the highest predicted operative morbidity/mortality. While the number of patients studied is small and insufficient to reach any definitive conclusions, these preliminary data confirm the feasibility of studying autophagy in the human heart and suggest that ischemic stress during heart surgery is associated with a marked upregulation of autophagic flux. A better understanding of the role of autophagy could lead to the development of new cardioprotective strategies. [Figure 1: Changes in cardiac autophagy proteins in patients undergoing heart surgery before and after cross-clamping the aorta (after restoration of myocardial blood flow).]
LatinX and the neurologization of self

This paper explores the question of “LatinX” through debates in affective and critical neuroscience regarding the “neurologization of self” that many theorists claim we are experiencing today. This...
High Dimensionality Characteristics and New Fuzzy Versatile Particle Swarm Optimization

Technological developments have reshaped the scientific thinking, since observation from experiments and real world are massive. Each experiment is able to produce information about the huge number of variables (High dimensional). Unique characteristics of high dimensionality impose various challenges to the traditional learning methods. This paper presents problem produced by high dimensionality and proposes new fuzzy versatile binary PSO (FVBPSO) method. Experimental results show the curse of dimensionality and merits of proposed method on bench marking datasets.
Static rivulet instabilities: varicose and sinuous modes

A static rivulet is subject to disturbances in shape, velocity and pressure fields. Disturbances to interfacial shape accommodate a contact line that is either (i) fixed (pinned) or (ii) fully mobile (free) and preserves the static contact angle. The governing hydrodynamic equations for this inviscid, incompressible fluid are derived and then reduced to a functional eigenvalue problem on linear operators, which are parametrized by axial wavenumber and base-state volume. Solutions are decomposed according to their symmetry (varicose) or anti-symmetry (sinuous) about the vertical mid-plane. Dispersion relations are then computed. Static stability is obtained by setting growth rate to zero and recovers existing literature results. Critical growth rates and wavenumbers for the varicose and sinuous modes are reported. For the varicose mode, typical capillary break-up persists and the role of the liquid/solid interaction on the critical disturbance is illustrated. There exists a range of parameters for which the sinuous mode is the dominant instability mode. The sinuous instability mechanism is shown to correlate with horizontal centre-of-mass motion and illustrated using a toy model.
Caring Carefully: Sir William Osier on the Issue of Competence vs Compassion in Medicine

(1999). Caring Carefully: Sir William Osier on the Issue of Competence vs Compassion in Medicine. Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings: Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 277-284.
Teaching NeuroImages: Intradural, intramedullary spinal cord metastasis from primary renal cell carcinoma

A 75-year-old man with hypertension presented with 2 weeks' history of left lower extremity numbness and weakness. Initial neurologic examination revealed 4/5 muscle strength in the left lower extremity with intact reflexes and decreased left-sided sensation. MRI of the thoracic spine revealed a mass with surrounding edema at T11–12 (figure 1, A and B). CT chest, abdomen, and pelvis showed left renal mass (figure 1F). Biopsy showed stained cells, positive for PAX8 and vimentin and negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein, which was consistent with renal cell carcinoma (figure 2). The patient underwent surgical excision and radiotherapy. Intradural intramedullary metastatic lesions are a rare manifestation of primary renal cell cancer.1,2
Unmet Needs for Care and Medications, Cost as a Reason for Unmet Needs, and Unmet Needs as a Big Problem, due to Health-Care Provider (Dis)Continuity.

Objective:Provider discontinuity is associated with poorer health-care outcomes compared to continuity in studies using retrospective reports of provider (dis)continuity. This study examined unmet ...
The Dark Side of Context: Context Reinstatement Can Distort Memory:

It is widely assumed that context reinstatement benefits memory, but our experiments revealed that context reinstatement can systematically distort memory. Participants viewed pictures of objects superimposed over scenes, and we later tested their ability to differentiate these old objects from similar new objects. Context reinstatement was manipulated by presenting objects on the reinstated or switched scene at test. Not only did context reinstatement increase correct recognition of old objects, but it also consistently increased incorrect recognition of similar objects as old ones. This false recognition effect was robust, as it was found in several experiments, occurred after both immediate and delayed testing, and persisted with high confidence even after participants were warned to avoid the distorting effects of context. To explain this memory illusion, we propose that context reinstatement increases the likelihood of confusing conceptual and perceptual information, potentially in medial temporal brain regions that integrate this information.
A new commercial biomimetic hollow fiber membrane for forward osmosis

Abstract Hollow fiber membranes have shown great promise as a platform for osmotic processes such as forward osmosis (FO) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO). Numerous hollow fiber FO membranes have been designed by academic researchers around the world. However, few of these designs have made it to full scale production. In this study, we report on the newly launched Aquaporin Inside™ hollow fiber FO membrane from Aquaporin A/S, Denmark. These membranes were tested in miniature modules under various osmotic testing conditions. With incorporating biomimetic aquaporin proteins as “water channel” in the selective layer, these membranes exhibited excellent FO performance with water flux of 21 LMH, reverse salt flux of 3.6 gMH and specific reverse salt flux of 0.18 g/L in PRO mode with 1 M NaCl and deionized water as draw and feed solutions, respectively. The structure parameter was determined to be 210.5 ± 55.5 μm, which is one of the lowest S values reported for thin film composite hollow fiber membranes.
On the Relation of Transmission-Line Theory to Scattering and Transfer

A general equation for scattering processes; applicable to neutron transfer, circuit theory, and probability, is developed. Equations for these specialized disciplines are shown to be special cases of this generalized equation. (L.N.N.)
Continuous Word Embedding Fusion via Spectral Decomposition

Word embeddings have become a mainstream tool in statistical natural language processing. Practitioners often use pre-trained word vectors, which were trained on large generic text corpora, and which are readily available on the web. However, pre-trained word vectors oftentimes lack important words from specific domains. It is therefore often desirable to extend the vocabulary and embed new words into a set of pre-trained word vectors. In this paper, we present an efficient method for including new words from a specialized corpus, containing new words, into pre-trained generic word embeddings. We build on the established view of word embeddings as matrix factorizations to present a spectral algorithm for this task. Experiments on several domain-specific corpora with specialized vocabularies demonstrate that our method is able to embed the new words efficiently into the original embedding space. Compared to competing methods, our method is faster, parameter-free, and deterministic.
Adaptively Tracking Maneuvering Spacecraft with a Globally Distributed, Diversely Populated Surveillance Network

As resident space object populations grow and satellite propulsion capabilities improve, it will become increasingly challenging for space-reliant nations to maintain space domain awareness using c...
Ghrelin ameliorates the phenotype of newborn rats induced with mild necrotizing enterocolitis.

Background We have shown previously that an attenuated rodent model of mild necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) increases intestinal histopathological severity grade, prevents typical developmental increases in the high-frequency spectrum of heart rate variability (HF-HRV), alters the nitrergic myenteric phenotype, and increases IL-6 and IL-1β when combined with anterior subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. The aims of the present study were to test the hypotheses that in mild NEC-induced pups, administration of the orexigenic hormone ghrelin (a) reduces the histopathological score, (b) increases the HF-HRV power, (c) improves the altered myenteric phenotype, and (d) subdiaphragmatic vagotomy prevents the effects of ghrelin. Methods Newborn Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to seven days of brief periods of cold stress and hypoxia to induce mild NEC with or without anterior subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. HRV was measured at postnatal days one, five, and ten; intraperitoneal ghrelin (0.05 mg kg-1 ) was administered postnatal days five through ten b.i.d. Pups were sacrificed at day 12, and whole brains, gastrointestinal tissues, and blood were collected for immunohistochemical, corticosterone, and cytokine analysis. Key results Ghrelin treatment reduced the intestinal histopathological score, increased the HF-HRV power, improved the altered intestinal myenteric phenotype, and subdiaphragmatic vagotomy prevented the effects of ghrelin. There were no differences in serum cytokines or corticosterone between groups. Conclusions and inferences Our data suggest that ghrelin administration is able to recover the mild NEC-induced changes to the histology, HF-HRV, and myenteric phenotype in a vagally dependent manner.
Comparison of X-ray and optical measurements in the near-field of an optically dense coaxial air-assisted atomizer

Abstract Understanding the near-field region of a spray is integral to optimization and control efforts because this region is where liquid break-up and spray formation occurs, setting the conditions under which the spray dynamics evolve under the gas turbulence and droplet inertia. However, the high optical density of this region complicates measurements; thus, it is not yet well characterized. This paper is intended to compare four of the leading experimental techniques that are being used or developed to study the near-field region of a spray. These techniques are shadowgraphy, tube source X-ray radiography, high-speed synchrotron white-beam X-ray imaging, and synchrotron focused-beam X-ray radiography. Each of these methods is applied to a canonical spray, using the same nozzle, under identical flow conditions. Synchrotron focused-beam radiography shows that a time-averaged Gaussian liquid distribution is a valid approximation very near the nozzle, before the core has broken apart. The Gaussian behavior continues as the spray progresses further downstream, showing self-similarity. A spray angle can be defined from the linear spreading of the Gaussian intensity distribution with downstream distance. The spray angle found from shadowgraphy is validated with focused-beam testing. Additionally, a novel method of estimating the intact length of the spray from different X-ray techniques, that uses broadband illumination, is presented.
A CMOS Compatible Monolithic Fiber Attach Solution with Reliable Performance and Self-Alignment

We report a fiber-attach solution interfacing self-aligned, standard-cleaved fibers to monolithic photonic integrated circuits, fabricated in Globalfoundries 300-mm CMOS production facilities. Statistical yield analysis and reliability assessment were performed to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed solution.
Evaluation of the Tenti S6 model for hydrocarbon fuels at elevated temperatures using filtered Rayleigh scattering measurements

This Letter targets the assessment of the well-known Tenti S6 model for predicting the Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering (RBS) spectra of select gas-phase hydrocarbon fuels (CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C3H8, and C4H10) over a temperature range of 300 to 700 K. The Tenti S6 model is evaluated by comparing filtered Rayleigh scattering (FRS) measurements to synthetic FRS signals generated from the combination of the Tenti S6 output and an accurate iodine absorption filter model. The experimental and synthetic FRS results agree very well (<3% difference) over the full temperature range for CH4, C2H2, and C2H4, indicating accurate calculation of the RBS spectra. For C3H8 and C4H10, there are some large differences between the experimental and synthetic FRS results which cannot be resolved through tuning of bulk viscosity, internal heat capacity, or inclusion of vibrational degrees of freedom, suggesting the need for detailed measurements of the Rayleigh-Brillouin spectra.
Optical control of indirect exchange interaction through Floquet states

Floquet states are photon-dressed electronic states that emerge when driven by a time-periodic optical excitation. The presence of these states changes the equilibrium picture of electronic transitions into one where transitions between Floquet states are allowed. We have recently investigated the indirect exchange (RKKY) interaction mediated by itinerant electrons that are driven strongly out of equilibrium by circularly polarized light in two-dimensional electron systems with parabolic and linear dispersion (graphene). Our results indicate that emergence of non-equilibrium Floquet states leads to new and qualitatively different regimes of RKKY coupling, in which the sign (ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic) and the period of the RKKY oscillation become tunable through the frequency and amplitude of the laser. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Early Career Award #DE-SC0019326.
Health treatment cost, stillbirth, survival, and conformation of Viking Red-, Montbéliarde-, and Holstein-sired crossbred cows compared with pure Holstein cows during their first 3 lactations

Three generations of crossbreds from a 3-breed rotation of the Viking Red (VR), Montbeliarde (MO), and Holstein (HO) breeds were compared with their HO herdmates in 7 commercial dairy herds in Minnesota. The designed study enrolled 3,550 HO females in 2008 to initiate crossbreeding and a control of pure HO herdmates within each herd. Service sires were high-ranking, proven AI bulls selected for high genetic merit within each of the VR, MO, and HO breeds. Cows in this study calved from 2010 to 2017 and collection of data ended on December 31, 2017. The first generation of cows consisted of 644 VR × HO and 616 MO × HO crossbreds and their 1,405 HO herdmates. The second generation had 615 VR × MO/HO and 568 MO × VR/HO crossbreds and their 1,462 HO herdmates. The third generation had 466 combined HO × VR/MO/HO and HO × MO/VR/HO crossbreds and their 736 HO herdmates. Total health cost was the sum of veterinary treatment cost, pharmaceutical cost, and farm labor cost to treat 16 different health disorders. Conformation traits and body condition score were subjectively scored once during early lactation for each of the first 3 lactations of cows. Total health cost of the 2-breed crossbreds was significantly lower during first (-23%), second (-29%), and third (-21%) lactation compared with their HO herdmates. For the 3-breed crossbreds, total health cost did not differ during first lactation but was -26% lower during both second and third lactation compared with their HO herdmates. The stillbirth rate for calves born to 2-breed crossbred dams (4%) was significantly lower compared with calves born to their HO herdmates (8%) at first calving. Survival from first to third calving (+9%) and first to fourth calving (+11%) was significantly higher for the 2-breed crossbreds compared with their HO herdmates. Also, the 3-breed crossbreds had significantly higher survival to third (+11%) and fourth (+19%) calving compared with their HO herdmates. Across each generation of crossbreeding, the crossbreds had uniformly shorter stature, less angularity, and less body depth compared with their respective HO herdmates. The crossbred cows also had significantly less udder clearance from the hock but significantly more rear teat width and longer teat length compared with their respective HO herdmates. Furthermore, the crossbred cows had higher body condition score compared with their HO herdmates during each of their first 3 lactations.
Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation: Uncomplicating Motor Complications for the Long Haul

Alim Louis Benabid, Pierre Pollak, and their research group in Grenoble, France, were the first to report the therapeutic effects of bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) on bradykinesia and rigidity in patients with Parkinson disease (PD).1 They later demonstrated that bilateral STN DBS not only improved the cardinal features of PD (bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor) but also reduced the severity and frequency of dyskinesia as well as “off” time.2 Other benefits of STN DBS include improved activities of daily living and quality of life, reduction in the mean dopaminergic dose by ≈50%, and superior motor outcomes compared to best medical therapy.2-4 The US Food and Drug Administration approved DBS of the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus as a treatment for tremor related to PD or essential tremor in 1997 and DBS of the STN or internal portion of the globus pallidum (GPi) as a treatment for advanced PD in 2002; these approvals gave people with PD alternatives to lead a better life. The Grenoble group has the largest number of people with PD who have lived with STN DBS for ≥15 years and are to be commended for describing the very long-term effects of STN stimulation in this issue of Neurology ®.5
On the Pricing of Mandatory DCF Disclosures: Evidence from Oil and Gas Royalty Trusts

ABSTRACT: We identify a setting in which firms are required to disclose discounted cash flow (DCF) estimates relating to the value of their primary assets. ASC 932 (formerly SFAS No. 69) has mandated DCF disclosures for proved oil and gas reserves since 1982, and these reserves constitute the primary assets of oil and gas royalty trusts. For a hand-collected sample of oil and gas royalty trusts, we find that (1) the mandatory DCF disclosures are incrementally value-relevant over historical cost accounting variables, (2) investors misprice royalty trust units because they underweight the disclosed DCF estimates when forecasting future distributions, and (3) media articles bringing attention to discrepancies between price and the disclosed DCF estimates are significant stock price catalysts. While our evidence indicates that mandatory DCF disclosures can be incrementally useful for security valuation, it also indicates that investors may overlook such information, potentially due to lack of attention and ac...
Trading on Identity and Singular Thought

On the traditional relationalist conception of singular thought, a thought has singular content when it is based on an ‘information relation’ to its object. Recent work rejects relationalism and su...
KEYNESIAN SUPPLY SHOCKS AND HAYEKIAN SECONDARY DEFLATIONS

[...]a Keynesian supply shock is a supply shock that causes a decrease in aggregate demand that is larger than the original supply shock (Guerrieri, et al. 2020). [...]if analysts casually observe price levels and real gross domestic product (GDP) levels, they will conclude that an aggregate demand shock was the primary force driving macroeconomic dynamics, when in fact the underlying cause of the demand shock is the shock to aggregate supply. [...]if the goods from the essential sector and the nonessential sector are complements in consumption, then a negative impact on aggregate demand arising from the supply shock is more likely. Since the good from the nonessential business is no longer available, people have less demand for the complementary good from the essential business. [...]the loss of the nonessential good decreases the current marginal utility of the essential good, which can drive down the natural interest rate.
Expanding Diesel Engine Cetane Limits through Staged Injection

Interest in alternative diesel fuels has led to consideration of various types of poor ignition quality products, such as a broad cut fuel or a synthetic fuel/DF-2 blend. Attempts were made to expand the cetane number tolerance limit of an EMD 567B medium-speed diesel engine through staged injection to permit operation on such fuels. A small portion of the fuel was injected early in the cycle to act as a pilot for the main fuel charge. Both pilot and main charges were the same fuel. Knocking was eliminated on fuels with cetane number as low as 17 at the standard 16:1 compression ratio. Attempts to operate on methanol at 20:1 failed, but such operation may be feasible with further modifications.
Variable threshold voltage keeper for contention reduction in dynamic circuits

A variable threshold voltage keeper circuit technique is proposed for simultaneous power reduction and speed enhancement of domino logic circuits. The threshold voltage of the keeper transistor is dynamically modified during circuit operation to reduce the contention current without sacrificing noise immunity. A four-bit multiple-output domino carry generator for a carry lookahead adder is designed with the proposed circuit technique. It is shown that the variable threshold voltage keeper circuit technique enhances the circuit evaluation speed by up to 60% while reducing power dissipation by 37% as compared to a standard domino logic circuit. It is also shown that the proposed domino logic circuit technique offers 20% higher noise immunity as compared to a standard domino circuit with the same evaluation delay characteristics.
A CMOS monolithic implementation of a nonlinear interconnection module for a corticonic network

A nonlinear interconnection module for a corticonic network is designed and fabricated in a 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS process. The module uses NMOS transistors in weak-inversion region for nonlinearity. A calibration scheme is developed to compensate for the process and temperature variation of the circuit. The designed module has an area of 0.35mm/sup 2/. It consumes 200mW of power, with 5V power supply. Simulation results show that the circuit is able to implement the target parametric coupling function accurately.
The Classification and Specification of a Domain Independent Agent Architecture

The use of multi-agent systems to model and control complex domains is increasing. The application of multi-agent systems to distributed real-world domains motivates the development of domain independent agent architectures to foster the re-use of existing research. A domain independent agent architecture is defined as a set of representations, reasoning mechanisms and algorithms that can be used to define the behavior of an agent.Ideally, a classification method for agent architectures should ease the process of requirements matching between domains and architectures by allowing system designers to understand the relationship between domains and architectures. This paper presents the need for a classification schema and proposes a starting point for future discussion. The Sensible Agent architecture is then introduced within the classification schema. Sensible Agents perceive, process, and respond based on an understanding of both local and system goals.The core capabilities and internal architecture of a Sensible Agent is given as an example of how accurate specifications can help foster the re-use of research.
Generation and role of defective proviruses in cytopathic feline leukemia virus (FeLV-FAIDS) infections.

Cytopathic feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infections of feline T-cell line (FeT-cell) cultures led to the accumulation and maintenance of threefold more proviruses with deletions within the polymerase gene (pol) than minimally cytopathic FeLV infections. Over 60% of the viral DNA from cytopathic infections bore deletions in pol. Characterization of DNA sequences adjoining the deletions revealed that the junctions were most often flanked by RNA splice donor and acceptor consensus motifs. A thymidine-to-cytidine mutation introduced at the +2 position of one RNA splice donor-like motif inhibited formation of the two most prevalent viral DNA species with deletions, confirming the origin of many proviruses with deletions from reverse transcription of aberrantly spliced viral RNA species. An example of deletion by misalignment was also characterized. Viral inocula obtained from cells recovered after cytopathic infections were attenuated in their ability to cause cytopathic effects (CPE) and were able to confer superinfection resistance to naive FeT-cells, despite maintaining envelope gene (env) sequences with full cytopathic potential. This suggested that viral genomes with deletions, rather than being required for cytopathicity, play a role in protecting cells from CPE. Indeed, expression of a molecularly cloned provirus bearing one of the characterized deletions attenuated CPE in FeT-cells caused by superinfecting cytopathic virus.
StrobeLight: lightweight availability mapping and anomaly detection

Large-scale distributed systems span thousands of independent hosts which come online and go offline at their users' whim. Such availability flux is ostensibly a key concern when systems are designed, but this flux is rarely measured in a rich way post-deployment, either by the distributed system itself or by a standalone piece of infrastructure. In this paper we introduce StrobeLight, a tool for monitoring per-host availability trends in enterprise settings. Every 30 seconds, StrobeLight probes Microsoft's entire corporate network, archiving the ping results for use by other networked services. We describe two such services, one offline and the other online. The first service uses longitudinal data collected by our StrobeLight deployment to analyze large-scale trends in our wired and wireless networks. The second service draws live StrobeLight measurements to detect network anomalies like IP hijacking in real time. StrobeLight is easy to deploy, requiring neither modification to end hosts nor changes to the core routing infrastructure. Furthermore, it requires minimal network and CPU resources to probe our network of over 200,000 hosts.
[Breast feeding during methadon- and buprenorphin therapy].

Die Zahl Opioidabhangiger, welche sich in Substitutionstherapie befinden, steigt kontinuierlich an. In Deutschland ist Methadon mit 57,7% das am haufigsten verordnete Substitutivum gefolgt von Buprenorphin mit 18,6%. Besonders schwangere Frauen und die ungeborenen Kinder profitieren von einer adaquaten Substitutionstherapie. Verunsicherung besteht jedoch fur die Stillempfehlungen unter Substitutionstherapie, da sowohl Methadon als auch Buprenorphin in der Muttermilch angereichert werden und somit Sorge um Gesundheitsschaden des Neonaten nicht unbegrundet sind. Stillvorteile mussen gegen mogliche neonatale Schadigungen abgewogen werden. Diese Ubersicht basiert auf einer selektiven Literaturaufarbeitung unter Einbeziehung der PubMed-Datenbank und deutschsprachiger Konsensustexte. Verwendetete Suchbegriffe: (methadone*) AND (breastfeeding OR lactation), (methadone*) AND (human milk), (buprenorphine*) AND (breastfeeding OR lactation) und (buprenorphine*) AND (human milk). Nach Durchsicht der verfugbaren Literatur rechtfertigt die reine Substitutionstherapie mit Methadon oder Buprenorphin das primare Abstillen nicht. Der Stillvorteil uberwiegt die Risiken einer vital bedrohlichen neonatalen Substanzingestion, so dass Stillen unter beiden Substanzen moglich ist.
Low-dose oral contraceptive usage and coagulation.

Abstract A prospective investigation was initiated to assess the effect of a low-dose oral contraceptive containing 35 μg of ethinyl estradiol and 0.4 mg of norethindrone on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. Twenty-four women were studied before, during, and after one year of treatment. Positive results included an accelerated activated partial thromboplastin time and an increase in fibrinolytic and anticoagulation factors as measured by α 1 -antitrypsin antigen and plasminogen antigen and activity. Antithrombin III antigen was decreased but its activity was unaffected. There was no evidence of ongoing intravascular coagulation. No patient had a detectable thromboembolic event. In short, one year's usage of this low-dose oral contraceptive was not associated with a procoagulant hematologic profile.
Simple Scheme for Deriving Atomic Force Constants: Application to SiC

A scheme is presented for deriving atomic force constants that is fairly accurate, yet simple enough to allow determination of the dynamical matrix of bulk solids, relaxed and reconstructed surfaces, defects, etc. For illustrative purposes, the method is applied to bulk SiC to predict the phonon dispersion curves throughout the entire Brillouin zone, and to a carbon vacancy in SiC to study the change of atomic force constants due to atomic relaxations.
Pragmatic Electrical Engineering: Fundamentals

Pragmatic Electrical Engineering: Fundamentals introduces the fundamentals of the energy-delivery part of electrical systems. It begins with a study of basic electrical circuits and then focuses on electrical power. Three-phase power systems, transformers, induction motors, and magnetics are the major topics. All of the material in the text is illustrated with completely-worked examples to guide the student to a better understanding of the topics. This short lecture book will be of use at any level of engineering, not just electrical. Its goal is to provide the practicing engineer with a practical, applied look at the energy side of electrical systems. The author's "pragmatic" and applied style gives a unique and helpful "non-idealistic, practical, opinionated" introduction to the topic. Table of Contents: Basic Stuff / Power of the Sine / Three-Phase Power Systems / Transformers / Machines / Electromagnetics
A high performance, universal, key associative access method

A new file organization is proposed that combines the advantages of digital B-trees and extendible hashing methods into one organization that can be used universally. The method, like these predecessors, relies on digital searching. The key notions are: (i) that multipage nodes are addressed by the root and can have both data and index entries, the mix of entries changing over time; and (ii) that these nodes can be doubled with file growth and, when this occurs, data nodes at the next level of the tree are absorbed into the pages of these nodes, frequently keeping data closer to the root and simultaneously improving utilization. The result is an unbalanced tree that we call a digital lopsided tree or DL-tree. The paper describes DL-trees and their operations, and examines their properties. The most important engineering issues involve the doubling process and the methods used to optimize the tree properties. Ways of dealing with these issues are suggested.
Retrospective analysis of target volume dose coverage using CBCT acquired for accelerated hypo-fractionated radiation therapy (AHFRT) in lung cancer

Objective To assess target volume dose coverage using cone-beam computed tomography scans (CBCT) acquired for AHFRT. Materials and Methods Nine patients were investigated in this study. Dose prescription was 60 Gy to the PTV (ITV plus 5 mm margins) delivered in 3, 5 or 8 fractions with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), using 3–5 arcs, 6 MV energy beam and the Novalis Tx linac. Patients were supine on a cushion or a thoracic support. All but 2 patients had arms over the head. ExacTrac was used on patient's bony structures enabling fine 6D table position movements followed by CBCT for ITV 3D positioning. During treatment, Exactrac snap verifications monitored the patient. Twenty CBCT were randomly selected to re-calculate dose coverage to the target in patient's treatment position, having tested the feasibility on phantom (results presented separately). DVHs were analyzed and for 3 patients, session dose distribution reproducibility was assessed. Results Mean median dose percentage difference coverage (CTCBCT) PTV and ITV was 0.01 ± 2.41 and −0.08 ± 2.67 respectively. Mean minimum and maximum dose percentage difference coverage (CT-CBCT) of ITV was 0.415 ± 2.83 and −1.21 ± 2.62 respectively. One patient showed systematic differences larger than −4%, due to image CBCT problems and without this patient, previous reported values changed to 0.81 ± 1.46, 0.88 ± 1.36, 1.23 ± 2.11and −0.2 ± 0.93. Dose targets coverage reproducibility, means standard deviation, was less than 1.8%. Conclusions This preliminary study showed that good patients positioning leads to dose distribution reproducibility respect to simulation as verified using CBCT.
Mutations in the Second Largest Subunit of RNA Polymerase II Cause 6-Azauracil Sensitivity in Yeast and Increased Transcriptional Arrest in Vitro

Yeast RNA polymerase II enzymes containing single amino acid substitutions in the second largest subunit were analyzed in vitro for elongation-related defects. Mutants were chosen for analysis based on their ability to render yeast cells sensitive to growth on medium containing 6-azauracil. RNA polymerase II purified from three different 6-azauracil-sensitive yeast strains displayed increased arrest at well characterized arrest sites in vitro. The extent of this defect did not correlate with sensitivity to growth in the presence of 6-azauracil. The most severe effect resulted from mutation rpb2-10 (P1018S), which occurs in region H, a domain highly conserved between prokaryotic and eukaryotic RNA polymerases that is associated with nucleotide binding. The average elongation rate of this mutant enzyme is also slower than wild type. We suggest that the slowed elongation rate and an increase in dwell time of elongating pol II leads to rpb2-10's arrest-prone phenotype. This mutant enzyme can respond to SII for transcriptional read-through and carry out SII-activated nascent RNA cleavage.
Model identification and control strategies for batch cooling crystallizers

The open-loop optimal control strategy to regulate the crystal-size distribution of batch cooling crystallizers handles input, output, and final-time constraints, and is applicable to crystallization with size-dependent growth rate, growth dispersion, and fines dissolution. The objective function can be formulated to consider solid-liquid separation in subsequent processing steps. A model-based control algorithm requires a model that accurately predicts system behavior. Uncertainty bounds on model parameter estimates are not reported in most crystallization model identification studies. This obscures the fact that resulting models are often based on experiments that do not provide sufficient information and are therefore unreliable. A method for assessing parameter uncertainty and its use in experimental design are presented. Measurements of solute concentration in the continuous phase and the transmittance of light through a slurry sample allow reliable parameter estimation. Uncertainty in the parameter estimates is decreased by data from experiments that achieve a wide range of supersaturation. The sensitivity of the control policy to parameter uncertainty, which connects the model identification and control problems, is assessed. The model identification and control strategies were experimentally verified on a bench-scale KNO3-H2O system. Compared to natural cooling, increases in the weight mean size of up to 48% were achieved through implementation of optimal cooling policies.
Sensitivity of vagal afferent endings to chemical irritants in the rat lung.

This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between the conduction velocity of the vagal afferents arising from the rat lungs and their sensitivities to capsaicin, other chemical irritants, and lung inflation. We recorded single-unit activities of vagal pulmonary afferents (n=205) in anesthetized, open-chest rats, and distinguished C fibers (conduction velocity<2 m/sec) from myelinated afferents; the latter group was further classified into rapidly adapting pulmonary receptors (RARs) and slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors (SARs) on the basis of their adaptation indexes to lung inflation. Right-atrial injection of capsaicin (1 μg/kg) evoked an abrupt and intense stimulatory effect in 88.9% (64/72) of the pulmonary C fibers tested, but only a mild stimulation in 6.3% (3/48) of the RARs and none of the SARs. Other inhaled and injected chemical stimulants (e.g., cigarette smoke, lactic acid) activated 68.9% (42/61) of the pulmonary C fibers. The same chemical irritants exerted a mild stimulatory effect in only 14.5% (8/55) of the RARs; this subgroup of RARs exhibited a low or no baseline activity, and half of them were located near the hilum. Chemical stimulants had little or no effect on SARs. The response of pulmonary C fibers to lung inflation (tracheal pressure=30 cm H2O) was not only extremely weak, but also showed a longer onset latency and an irregular pattern. In a sharp contrast, lung inflation evoked rapid and vigorous discharges in both RARs and SARs. In conclusion, C fibers are the primary type of chemosensitive vagal pulmonary afferents in rat lungs.
On discrete stochastic bilinear systems stability

Abstract Mean square stability conditions for discrete-time bilinear systems operating in a stochastic environment are given in this paper. Only independence and wide sense stationarity are required for the second order disturbance sequences involved, thus dismissing ergodicity and zero-mean assumptions. Stochastic stability conditions are derived by using a deterministic stability result for a class of separable nonlinear dynamical systems evolving in a Banach space.
THE USE OF INPUT‐OUTPUT FABLES IN SPECIEYING INTERINDUSTRY AND INTERREGIONAL LABOR MARKET LINKAGES

This paper presents the results of employing input-output relationships in the construction of a regional labor market, vector autoregression. forecasting model. Information available in published input-output tables is used to specify interindustry and interregional labor market linkages. It is shown that when the interrelationships indicated by the input-output tables are taken into account, the forecast accuracy of the model improves.
What presale and postsale services do you need to be competitive

Abstract To improve their international competitiveness, industrial marketers must develop more proactive marketing strategies. Such strategies must include services. Industrial marketers must develop their understanding of and sensitivity to customers' needs. To achieve this, they must understand that services need to be classified as presale and postsale, and decide which type of service is more important under what circumstances. Organizing and classifying services along the lines suggested in this article will give companies a competitive edge at almost no cost. A model is presented to demostrate these ideas.
Menachem Begin: A Life. By Avi Shilon. Translated by Danielle Zilberberg and Yoram Sharett. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2012. Pp. 584. $40.00.)

Menachem Begin, one of the most polarizing figures in Israeli political history, is a challenging subject of study. Avi Shilon does an impressive job in a biography that integrates the personal wit...
Practical Guidance for Targeting Insomnia in Primary Care Settings

Abstract Insomnia is among the most prevalent conditions in primary care. Despite the development of well-established, evidence-based cognitive and behavioral interventions for insomnia, they are not typically applied in primary care environments. One method for improving primary care delivery of these interventions is to integrate behavioral health providers as a service delivery team member in this environment. The population health focus and time-limited appointments of primary care require that these well-established interventions are adapted for effective implementation in primary care. Using a case example, we describe practical methods of delivering these interventions in the primary care setting.
Materials Screening Through GPU Accelerated Topological Mapping

Selecting materials with properties tailored to a specific application may be accelerated through materials informatics, but kinetic properties whose calculations are too computationally intensive to be incorporated into materials screening must be replaced with appropriate descriptors. Here we present a highly optimized method for general processing on graphics processing hardware through which we map the interstitial subspace of atomic structures that are used as a qualitative predictor for diffusivity. Additionally, analytical methods that determine the largest channel diameter and identify the optimal path through a material are proposed to characterize this topology. Analysis of the interstitial subspace, along with the theoretical capacities for Li ions, has lead us to select high-capacity lithium ion battery (LIB) materials that display both promising capacities and migration pathways able to support lithium insertion and removal. The result is the identification of Li2MgSi, a LIB anode material wi...
Target tracking robotic manipulation theories applied to force/position control in peg-in-hole assembly tasks

One of the most common tasks in robotic assembly processes is to insert a peg into a hole. On the surface this task seems to be simple and straight forward. However, in order to perform this process successfully it requires a complex interaction between the force and geometry of the robot and environment. Typical industrial robots have sensors at the joints and wrist to monitor the hand position and force during this interaction. Using this sensor information, many manipulation methodologies can be considered to attempt the peg insertion task. Hybrid control is one such compliant control scheme that is commonly used in industry. Nevertheless its theoretical feasibility has stirred much controversy. Recent developments in target tracking for force/position control have made it a viable alternative to hybrid control. This paper compares the performance of target tracking to the already established hybrid control schemes by assessing the outcome of case studies of several simulation experiments of peg-in-hole assembly tasks. The results indicate that the robot inserts the peg into the hole faster and with less friction force by using target tracking.
Heavy water lengthens the period of free-running rhythms in lesioned hamsters bearing SCN grafts.

Abstract Heavy water (D 2 O) lengthens the period of free-running circadian rhythms in most organisms. We compared the effect of D 2 O on freerunning locomotor activity rhythms in intact and SCN-lesioned (SCN-X) hamsters that had recovered circadian rhythmicity following implantation of SCN grafts. The animals were housed individually in cages equipped with running wheels, and locomotor activity was monitored using a computer-based data acquisition system. At the end of the behavioral tests, animals were anesthetized and perfused. Brain sections were immunostained for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and vasopressin (VP) to evaluate the extent of the lesion and the presence of a functional graft. The D 2 O similarly lengthened the period of free-running activity without affecting amount of activity in both intact and in SCN-X grafted animals. The results indicate that D 2 O acts directly on the SCN to lengthen the free-running period, and suggest that coupling between pacemakers within the grafted SCN is as efficient as in the intact SCN.
Chemisorption Bonding of c(2×2) Chalcogen Overlayers on Ni(001)

Calculated low-energy electron diffraction spectra for $c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)$ overlayer structures of O, S, Se, and Te on Ni(001) show very good agreement with experiment for fourfold coordinated bonding sites and displacements of 0.90, 1.30, 1.45, and 1.90 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.1 \AA{}, respectively, from the center of the first layer of nickel atoms. These adsorbate-atom locations correspond to Ni-chalcogen bond lengths smaller than occur in bulk compounds, but comparable to those found in divalent Ni-chelate complexes.