cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seal evaluation and confinement screening criteria for beneficial carbon dioxide storage with enhanced coal bed methane recovery in the Pocahontas Basin, Virginia

Abstract The geological storage of carbon dioxide in Appalachian basin coal seams is one possible sink for sequestration of greenhouse gases, with the added benefit of enhanced-coal bed methane (ECBM) recovery. The Pocahontas Basin (part of the central Appalachian Basin) of southwestern Virginia is a major coal bed methane (CBM) province with production mostly from coal beds in the Lower Pennsylvanian Pocahontas and New River formations. As part of the Southeast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership's Phase II research program, a CO 2 -injection demonstration well was installed into Lower Pennsylvanian coal bed-methane producing strata in southwest Virginia. Samples of siliciclastic lithologies above coal beds in this Oakwood Field well, and from several other cores in the Nora Field were taken to establish a baseline of the basic confinement properties of overlying strata to test seal competency at local and regional scales. Strata above CBM-producing coal beds in the Pocahontas and New River formations consist of dark-gray shales; silty gray shales; heterolithic siltstones, sandstones, and shales; lithic sandstones, and quartzose sandstones. Standard measurements of porosity, permeability and petrography were used to evaluate potential leakage hazards and any possible secondary storage potential for typical lithologies. Both lithic- and quartz-rich sandstones exhibit only minor porosity, with generally low permeability ( 2 -ECBM traps. One of the most promising confining intervals above the major coal bed-methane producing interval is the Hensley Shale Member. Analyses of 1500 geophysical logs in southwest Virginia indicate that this unit is moderately thick (> 50 ft, 15 m), laterally continuous (> 3000 km 2 ), and a homogenous shale, which coarsens upward into siltstone and sandstone, or is truncated by sandstone. Calculations from two mercury injection capillary porosimetry tests of the shale indicate that a displacement entry pressure of 207 psi (1427 kPa) would generate an estimated seal capacity of 1365 ft (416 m) of CO 2 before buoyant leakage. Scanning electron microscopy indicates a microfabric of narrow pore throats between quartz grains floating in a clay matrix. Modeled median pore throat size between micro-fabric matrix grains for the shale is estimated at 0.26 μm. These characteristics indicate that the shale, where fractures and joints are limited, would be an adequate regional confining interval for deeper CO 2 storage with ECBM.
Poncelet's theorem, Sendov's conjecture, and Blaschke products

By connecting Blaschke products, unitary dilations of matrices, numerical range, Poncelet's theorem and interpolation, we extend and simplify Gau and Wu's work (Gau and Wu (2004) [10]). We look at Blaschke products' role in the Sendov conjecture.
Uterine glands: Biological roles in conceptus implantation, uterine receptivity and decidualization

All mammalian uteri contain glands in the endometrium that synthesize or transport and secrete substances essential for survival and development of the conceptus (embryo/fetus and associated extraembryonic membranes). This review summarizes information related to the biological roles of uterine glands and their secretions in uterine receptivity, blastocyst/conceptus survival and implantation, and stromal cell decidualization. Studies with the ovine uterine gland knockout (UGKO) model support a primary role for uterine glands and, by inference, their secretions present in uterine luminal fluid histrotroph for conceptus survival and development. In rodents, studies with mutant and progesterone-induced UGKO mice found that uterine glands and their secretions are unequivocally required for establishment of uterine receptivity and blastocyst implantation and also may influence blastocyst trophectoderm activation and stromal cell decidualization in the uterus. Similarly in humans, histotroph from uterine glands appears critical for blastocyst implantation, uterine receptivity, and conceptus nutrition during the first trimester and uterine glands likely have a role in stromal cell decidualization. An increased understanding of uterine gland biology is important for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of fertility problems, particularly infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss, in domestic animals and humans.
Catalysis by Imidazole of Deuterium-Hydrogen Exchange in Amide N-H Groups

Imidazole, at concentrations of 0.05M to 0.2M, has been found to increase the rate of deuterium-hydrogen exchange in a model amide by 40-fold or more. Since imidazole side-chains occur in proteins, deuterium exchange in these macromolecules may be strongly affected by the presence of these or similar activating groups.
Ribosomal proteins of the cricket, Acheta domesticus L.

The ribosomal proteins of the house cricket, Acheta domesticus, have been characterized using one and two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Ribosomes isolated from the adult male accessory gland and pelleted through a sucrose cushion contain 85 proteins. Ribosomal monomers from the same source isolated using density gradient centrifugation contain 76 proteins, while large and small subunits contain 38 and 30 proteins, respectively. The molecular weight of proteins associated with ribosomal monomers ranged from 6200 to 77,000. Large subunit proteins had molecular weights ranging from 7600 to 77,000 while small subunit proteins ranged from 8200 to 42,000. Zonal sedimentation of ribosomal monomers through buffer containing 0.5 M KCl resulted in preparations containing 65 proteins. The use of the protease inhibitor, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride had no effect on the number or distribution of proteins in gradient purified monomers. A notable feature of undissociated ribosomal monomers is the retention of a number of very low molecular weight proteins of unknown significance; most of these proteins do not appear to be degradation products.
Band structure, deformation potentials, and carrier mobility in strained Si, Ge, and SiGe alloys

Using nonlocal empirical pseudopotentials, we compute the band structure and shear deformation potentials of strained Si, Ge, and SiGe alloys. Fitting the theoretical results to experimental data on the phonon‐limited carrier mobilities in bulk Si and Ge, the dilatation deformation potential Ξd is found to be 1.1 eV for the Si Δ minima, −4.4 eV for the Ge L minima, corresponding to a value for the valence band dilatation deformation potential a of approximately 2 eV for both Si and Ge. The optical deformation potential d0 is found to be 41.45 and 41.75 eV for Si and Ge, respectively. Carrier mobilities in strained Si and Ge are then evaluated. The results show a large enhancement of the hole mobility for both tensile and compressive strain along the [001] direction, but only a modest enhancement (approximately 60%) of the electron mobility for tensile biaxial strain in Si. Finally, from a fit to carrier mobilities in relaxed SiGe alloys, the effective alloy scattering potential is determined to be about 0...
Cultural sociology at the crossroads of the discipline

Abstract This article examines two questions. First, what difference does it make when approaches developed in cultural sociology are applied more broadly? We suggest here that such applications subject theoretical assumptions in other sub-fields to investigation, challenge, and development by providing the conceptual resources for empirically linking micro- and macro-analysis: cultural processes, shaping the possibilities and limits of meaning-making, are understood as the practical intersection of structure and agency, the switchpoint between them. Conversely, what do such applications then imply for the further development of cultural sociology? Four issues are highlighted. Empirically, they suggest that cultural sociologists should remedy their under-emphasis of transnational processes, and also that the influence of specialized cultural institutions like art on broader culture processes should be reconsidered. Theoretically, they encourage a renewed emphasis on understanding the causal significance of culture. Finally, the articles here suggest that the proliferation of theoretical concepts in cultural sociology creates a productive ambiguity encouraging the development and diffusion of the field, but also calls for better articulation of the pertinence of divergent analytic tools to particular research problems.
Pediatric Organ Donation and Transplantation Policy Statement: More Questions, not Answers

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) released a policy statement regarding pediatric organ donation and transplantation1 in which several strategies to increase the supply of transplantable organs from pediatric donors were endorsed. A significant increase in the supply of transplantable organs from pediatric donors is also necessary to meet the demands of adults awaiting organ transplant.2 Although the AAP opted to not address unresolved problems in pediatric organ donation, the policy statement generated additional questions by positing that (1) an accurate and timely declaration of neurologic death in heart-beating donation (HBD) or circulatory-respiratory death in non–HBD (NHBD) (also known as donation after cardiac death or donation after circulatory death) is essential, (2) organ donation is an integral part of end-of-life care, (3) timely referral to organ-procurement organizations (OPOs) is critical, and (4) consent should be handled by procurement professionals. In the policy statement, HBD and NHBD were identified as appropriate venues of pediatric organ procurement, but the statement was explicitly silent on recent scientific controversies about both types of procurement practices. Both the validity of the criteria and the accuracy of the clinical standards of determining neurologic or circulatory-respiratory death in donors have been challenged.3,–,10 In the absence of scientific evidence that donors are truly dead, new philosophical, teleologic justifications have been proposed to defend redefinitions of human death for the purpose of organ procurement.3,11 …
The cellular renal response to respiratory acid-base disorders.

A 56-year-old man was admitted to the New England Medical Center Hospitals (NEMCH) for the eighth time because of worsening dyspnea. He had had a diving accident at age 19 and had been paraplegic since (T5 to T-7 spinal cord transection). He had done remarkably well for more than 30 years, except for episodic urinary tract infections and mild arthritis of unknown cause. He had smoked more than 1 pack of cigarettes daily for many years but had stopped 5 years before this admission. The patient was first seen at NEMCH 3.5 years prior to the eighth admission. At that time, vital capacity was 53% of normal; FEY1, 44% of normal; and diffusing capacity, 75% of normal. Over the next 9 months, he noted increasing shortness of breath, and atrial fibrillation developed. There was no history of vomiting or diuretic use. Physical examination at the time of admission revealed a paraplegic man in mild respiratory distress. He had severe kyphoscoliosis. The blood pressure was 110/60 mm Hg; pulse, 90/minute and irregularly irregular; and respiratory rate, 18 to 24/minute. Cardiac and abdominal examinations were unremarkable. No peripheral edema was present. Laboratory data included: hemoglobin, 16.8 gIdl; hematocrit, 47.0%; and white blood cell count, 8100 mm3. The serum sodium was 135 mEq/ liter; potassium, 4.4 mEq/Iiter; chloride, 89 mEq/Iiter; and bicarbonate, 39 mEq/liter. The BUN was 9 mgldl and the serum creatinine 0,9 mg/dl. Arterial blood gases revealed a pH of 7.43, PaCO2 of 45 mm Hg, and a Pa02 of 58 mm Hg (room air). A chest x-ray showed changes of advanced lung disease, but no acute processes were evident. An electrocardiogram confirmed the presence of atrial fibrillation. Vectorcardiogram revealed right ventricular enlargement. Pulmonary arterio-
PHOTON COUNTING USING A LARGE AREA AVALANCHE PHOTODIODE COOLED TO 100 K

We have detected single 650 nm photons with quantum efficiencies greater than 60% using a large area silicon avalanche photodiode. We cool a 5 mm diam commercially available device to 100 K and operate in the gain‐mode. For most applications—from the near‐infrared to the ultraviolet—this device is the most sensitive photon counting detector that has ever been demonstrated. In typical photon counting applications, this detector should prove to be between two and one hundred times more sensitive than the best currently available devices.
Spectral-Type Simulation of Spatially Correlated Fracture Set Properties ~

Fracture set properties such as orientation, spacing, trace length, and waviness tend to be spatially correlated. These properties can be efficiently simulated by spectral analysis procedures that take advantage of the computational speed of the fast Fourier transform. The covariance function of each property to be simulated is obtained from the variogram function estimated from mapped fracture set data and is typically referenced to the mean vector of the set. Simulation procedures for normally and exponentially distributed data involve generating uncorrelated Fourier coefficients that are assigned proper variance according to the spectral density, which is the Fourier transform of the covariance function. These coefficients are then reverse Fourier transformed to produce simulated set properties that have the desired variance and variogram function.
A Model for Diffusion in the Tokamak Edge and Application to the Modular Pump Limiters on Tore Supra

The relative positioning of the limiter modules on Tore Supra is investigated with the objective of optimizing the overall performance of the system and the operational flexibility of the experimen...
Comparison of Gated Radionuclide Scans and Chest Radiographs: Assessment of Left Ventricular Impairment in Patients with Coronary Disease

Diagnostic efficacy of gated cardiac blood pool imaging was studied in 41 consecutive patients with LV ejection fractions (LVEF) ≦0.50. Eighty percent of patients were receiving therapy for LV failure at the time of the study. All patients had documented coronary-artery disease (CAD). Chest x-ray films were interpreted blindly by a senior radiologist. Cardiothoracic ratio of ≦0.50 was recorded as normal. Radionuclide assessment of LV function contributes importantly to the diagnostic and screening value of chest x-ray films. Patients with coronary disease and clinical evidence of heart failure should have radioisotopic studies even if chest x-ray film findings are normal. In patients with coronary artery disease and enlarged LV on chest films, radionuclide study of left ventricular performance aids in defining LV impairment, and in the prognostication of subsequent clinical course.
Metabolism of the cell differentiating agent 1α,25(OH)2-16-ene-23-yne vitamin D3 by leukemic cells

The metabolism of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 and 1alpha,25(OH)2-l6-ene-23-yne-D3 is examined by in vitro incubation of the steroid hormones with WEHI-3 myeloid leukemia cells. Two experimental systems were used to evaluate the metabolism of each compound: (a) a double label incubation was performed to determine both the propensity for metabolism of each analog and the in vitro half-life of the analogs; and (b) separate single label incubations were performed to determine the metabolite profile derived from each of the analogs. The double label WEHI-3 cell incubation with 25 nM [23,24(3)H]1alpha,25(OH)2D3 and 25 nM [25(14)C]1alpha,25(OH)2-16-ene-23-yne-D3 produced a single comigrating metabolite of higher polarity from each of the parent compounds in a gradient HPLC chromatogram. The half-life of each analog determined from this in vitro incubation was 6.9 and 6.7 h for 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 and 1alpha,25(OH)2-16-ene-23-yne-D3, respectively. Individual incubations of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 yielded a metabolite that comigrates with 1alpha,24,25(OH)2D3 standard in each of three independent HPLC separations. Individual incubations with [25(14)C]1alpha,25(OH)2-16-ene-23-yne-D3 generated multiple metabolites, which are resistant to degradation as evaluated by intermediate build-up, are of increasing polarity and do not comigrate with the 1alpha,24,25(OH)3D3 standard. From these studies it is determined that 1alpha,25(OH)2-l6-ene-23-yne-D3 is metabolized differently but not preferentially compared to 1,25(OH)2D3 in myelogenous leukemia cells.
ELECTRON-PHONON INTERACTIONS IN INTERSUBBAND LASER HETEROSTRUCTURES

We present a simple semianalytical model, which allows comprehensive analysis of the LO-phonon assisted electron relaxation in quantum well intersubband semiconductor lasers. Examples of scattering rate tailoring in type-I double quantum well heterostructures and analysis of the subband depopulation process in type-II heterostructures illustrate applicability of the model.
Numerical Study of Lean-Direct Injection Combustor With Discrete-Jet Swirlers Using Reynolds Stress Model

The flowfield in a lean-direct injection (LDI) combustor with discrete-jet swirlers is described and analyzed using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code with a Reynolds stress turbulence model (RSTM). The results from the RSTM are compared to time-averaged laser-Doppler velocimetry (LDV) data, as well as results from the National Combustion Code (NCC) that has a cubic nonlinear κ-e turbulence model, and from the KIVA code using the standard κ-e model. The comparisons of results indicate that the RSTM accurately describes the flow details and resolves recirculation zones and high velocity gradients while the κ-e models are unable to capture most flow structures. This confirms that, within the Reynolds averaging approach, the higher-order RSTM is preferred for simulating complex flowfields where separations, strong anisotropy, and high swirl are present.
Ureteroscopy with laser lithotripsy for urolithiasis in the spinal cord injury population

Retrospective study. The purpose of this investigation was to review the outcomes and safety of retrograde ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy (URS) for the treatment of urolithiasis in the spinal cord injury (SCI) population. Virginia, USA. All patients with SCI who underwent URS with holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy for urolithiasis over a 15-year period were identified. Stone size, location and number at presentation were recorded. Information regarding patient characteristics, intra-operative complications, surgical efficacy, stone clearance, peri-operative complications, and follow-up stone events was collected and analyzed. A total of 67 URS procedures were performed on 29 SCI patients during the study period with an average follow-up of 3.4 years. Patients had an average of 2.3 ipsilateral ureteroscopies. The majority (85.1%) used indwelling catheters for long-term bladder management, and complete stone clearance after the first procedure was 34.3%. Of the 44 cases with residual stones >4 mm, 20 (45.5%) were secondary to technical or procedural limitations. The intra-operative complication rate was comparable to non-SCI studies at 1.5%, but peri-operative complications were significantly higher at 29.9% with the majority due to urosepsis. Factors associated with peri-operative complications include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, motor incomplete injuries and lack of a pre-operative ureteral stent. URS in the SCI population is an effective treatment for ureteral or renal stones but may be associated with greater risks and reduced efficacy. None.
Gene delivery nanoparticles specific for human microvasculature and macrovasculature.

Abstract Endothelial cell dysfunction is a critical component of ocular diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. An important limitation in endothelial cell research is the difficulty in achieving efficient transfection of these cells. A new polymer library was here synthesized and utilized to find polymeric nanoparticles that can transfect macrovascular (human umbilical vein, HUVECs) and microvascular (human retinal, HRECs) endothelial cells. Nanoparticles were synthesized that can achieve transfection efficiency of up to 85% for HRECs and 65% for HUVECs. These nanoparticle systems enable high levels of expression while avoiding problems associated with viral gene delivery. The polymeric nanoparticles also show cell-specific behavior, with a high correlation between microvascular and macrovascular transfection (R 2 = 0.81) but low correlation between retinal endothelial and retinal epithelial transfection (R 2 = 0.21). These polymeric nanoparticles can be used in vitro as experimental tools and potentially in vivo to target and treat vascular-specific diseases. From the Clinical Editor Polymeric nanoparticles were synthesized with the goal of transfecting endothelial cells, which are commonly considered difficult targets. The authors report excellent transfection efficiency of up to 85% for human retinal and 65% for human umbilical vein endothelial cells. These NPs can be used in vitro as experimental tools and potentially in vivo to target and treat vascular-specific diseases.
Study on the Mechanism of Enhancing Oil Recovery by Molecular Film Displacement

Molecular film displacement is a new nanofilm EOR technique. A large number of experiments show that the mechanism of molecular film displacement is different from conventional chemical displacement (polymer, surfactant, alkali and ASP displacement etc). With water solution acting as transfer medium, molecules of the filming agent develop the force to form films through electrostatic interaction, with efficient molecules deposited on the negatively charged rock surface to form ultrathin films at nanometer scale. This change the properties of reservoir surface and the interaction condition with crude oil, making the oil easily be displaced as the pores swept by the injected fluid. Thus oil recovery is enhanced. The mechanism of molecular filming agent mainly includes absorption, wettability alteration, diffusion and capillary imbibition etc.
New approach to multishell calculations in multiple angular momentum coupling schemes.

The procedure developed recently to calculate single-shell wave functions and matrix elements for multiple angular momentum shell-model calculations is extended to the multishell case. This was based on a factorization procedure introduced by Jahn. As a consequence of the factorization, coefficients of fractional parentage between states of arbitrary symmetry must be constructed to build up single-shell N-particle states from single-shell N-1-particle states. Multishell N-particle states are built up recursively from multishell N-1-particle states by using outer-product isoscalar factors. Symmetrized multishell states in one angular momentum subspace are combined with states of conjugate symmetry in a second angular momentum subspace to construct fermion wave functions. This is done using inner-product isoscalar factors. The coefficients of fractional parentage, outer-product isoscalar factors, and inner-product isoscalar factors are computed recursively using a matrix diagonalization algorithm. Shell-model matrix elements are constructed from these factors by using a new sum over path overlaps method. This computational procedure involving factorization is substantially more efficient than computational procedures which do not exploit factorization.
Allergy immunotherapy in the primary care setting: Integrating national practice standards to promote safe delivery

Allergy immunotherapy (AI) is frequently administered outside of the prescribing allergist's office in the primary care setting. Errors in this therapy can result in a wide variety of problems, ranging from local reactions to death. Proper documentation and instructions from the prescribing allergist's office as well as forms designed for complete and accurate documentation of therapy are vital components of safe administration. This article presents findings from a review of AI records in a primary care setting. Problems in documentation that could contribute to errors are examined and related to national standards of practice. Suggestions for process improvement are outlined.
Flow fields in straight and tapered screw extruders using magnetic resonance imaging

Abstract Improving the fundamental knowledge of fluid transport in extrusion is essential for the improved control and design of extruder systems. In particular, velocity profiles give valuable insight into residence time distributions and shear history which control final product characteristics. Due to the complicated geometry of extruders, mathematical models to predict flow behavior have been based on simplifying assumptions. Experimental verification of theory has proved to be a challenge due to the difficulty in obtaining complete flow profiles. This paper demonstrates the use of MRI to study flow in extruder geometries. Images of the velocity profile in both a straight screw and a tapered screw extruder have been generated using this non-invasive technique. Good agreement exists between experimental and theoretical velocity profiles for open and closed discharge for both straight and tapered screws.
Detoxification of corn stover and corn starch pyrolysis liquors by Pseudomonas putida and Streptomyces setonii suspended cells and plastic compost support biofilms.

Plant biomass can be liquefied into fermentable sugars (levoglucosan then to glucose) for the production of ethanol, lactic acid, enzymes, and more by a process called pyrolysis. During the process microbial inhibitors are also generated. Pseudomonas putida (ATCC 17484) and Streptomyces setonii 75Vi2 (ATCC 39116) were employed to degrade microbial inhibitors in diluted corn stover (Dcs) and diluted corn starch (Dst) pyrolysis liquors. The detoxification process evaluation included measuring total phenols and changes in UV spectra, a GC-MS analysis, and a bioassay, which employed Lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamosus (ATCC 11443) growth as an indicator of detoxification. Suspended-cell cultures illustrated limited detoxification ability of Dcs and Dst. P. putida and S. setonii plastic compost support (PCS) biofilm continuous-stirred-tank-reactor pure cultures detoxified 10 and 25% (v/v) Dcs and Dst, whereas PCS biofilm mixed culture also partially detoxified 50% (v/v) Dcs and Dst in repeated batch culture. T...
Sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer: combined dye-isotope technique.

Department of Surgery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research institute at the Universi~/of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA Reprint requests to Charles E. Cox, Department of Surgery, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research institute at the University of South Florida, 12902 Magnoha Drive, Tampa, FL 33612-9497, USA. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid mapping for breast cancer.
Effect of Crucible Diameter Reduction on the Convection, Macrosegregation, and Dendritic Morphology During Directional Solidification of Pb-2.2 Wt Pct Sb Alloy

The Pb-2.2 wt pct Sb alloy has been directionally solidified in 1-, 2-, 3-, and 7-mm-diameter crucibles with planar and dendritic liquid-solid interface orphology. For plane front solidification, the experimentally observed macrosegregation along the solidified length follows the relationship proposed by Favier. Application of a 0.4 T transverse magnetic field has no effect on the extent of convection. Reducing the ampoule diameter appears to decrease the extent of convection. However, extensive convection is still present even in the 1-mm-diameter crucible. An extrapolation of the observed behavior indicated that nearly diffusive transport conditions require ampoules that are about 40 microns in diameter. Reduction of the crucible diameter does not appear to have any significant effect on the primary dendrite spacing. However, it results in considerable distortion of the dendrite morphology and ordering. This is especially true for the 1-mm diameter samples.
Lysis of Trypanosoma cruzi by Pseudomonas fluorescens

Trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi isolated from the blood of infected mice were lysed within 24 h by an extracellular substance produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens. Isolation of the anti-trypanosomal factor (ATF) was accomplished by growth of the organisms in a defined medium, extracellular secretion by the sedimented cells, sterilization by filtration, lyophilization, dialysis, and gel filtration. Chromatographic separation with Sephadex G-25 and G-200 disclosed the occurrence of three active fractions. ATF-I(1) exhibited a molecular weight higher than 440,000. ATF-II and ATF-III were considerably smaller (molecular weights approximately 1,355 and 1,060, respectively). The lytic substance contained protein and lipopolysaccharide, was resistant to heat and freezing, was not proteolytic or hemolytic, and was not inhibited by trypsin but was suppressed by pronase.
Reward shifts and motor responses following microinjections of opiate-specific agonists into either the core or shell of the nucleus accumbens.

Differences in pharmacology, anatomical connections, and receptor densities between the “core” and “shell” of the nucleus accumbens suggest that behavioral activity normally modulated by the accumbens, such as reward and motor functions, may be differentially regulated across the mediolateral axis. This study investigated the effects of opiate receptor-specific agonists on reward and motor functions in either the accumbens core or shell, using the intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) rate-frequency curve-shift method. Microinjections of the mu opiate receptor-specific agonist, DAMGO (vehicle, 0.03 nmol, and 0.3 nmol), or the delta opiate receptor-specific agonist DPDPE (vehicle, 0.3 nmol, 3.0 nmol), were administered bilaterally in a random dose order with a minimum of 3 days between injections. Rats were tested over three consecutive 20-min rate-frequency curves immediately following a microinjection to investigate the time course of drug effects. Both opiate agonists decreased the ICSS frequency necessary to maintain half-maximal response rates when injected into the medial and ventral shell region of the accumbens. However, DAMGO microinjections into the lateral accumbens core or the control site of the caudate increased the frequency necessary to elicit half-maximal response rates, while DPDPE microinjections into these regions had no effect. Evaluation of motor effects show that administration of DAMGO resulted in a suppression of activity in all locations. In contrast, DPDPE microinjections resulted in little or no effect on lever pressing activity at any location.
Rational congruence for uniform multiplicative designs

A multiplicative design is a family ofn subsets of ann-set whose incidence matrixA satisfiesA T A=D+αα T whereα is a positive real vector andD is a positive diagonal matrix. This is a generalization ofλ-designs whereα is a constant vector and of (v, k, λ)-designs whereD is additionally required to be scalar. In a uniform design we only require thatD be scalar, so the equation isA T A=dI+αα T . One of the basic results on (v, k, λ)-designs is the Bruck-Ryser-Chowla Theorem which says thatk−λ must be a square ifv is even and thatz 2=(k−λ)x 2+λy 2(−1)(v−1)/2 must have a nontrivial integral solution ifv is odd. This can be proved with or without reference to the theory of rational congruences. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the implications of the theory of rational congruences for the existence of uniform multiplicative designs. The Hass-Minkowski Theorem provides the main line of attack. The main result gives a finite set of equations, suitable for programming on a computer, which must be satisfied if there is a rational matrix satisfying the equationA T A=dI+αα T for a uniform design.
Vapochromism and its structural basis in a luminescent Pt(II) terpyridine-nicotinamide complex.

A novel Pt(II) terpyridine complex that has a nicotinamide moiety linked to the terpyridyl ligand has been synthesized in good yield and studied structurally and spectroscopically. The complex, [Pt(Nttpy)Cl](PF6)2 where Nttpy = 4‘-(p-nicotinamide-N-methylphenyl)-2,2‘:6‘,2‘ ‘-terpyridine, is observed to be brightly luminescent in the solid state at room temperature and at 77 K. The complex exhibits reversible vapochromic behavior and crystallographic change in the presence of several volatile organic solvents. Upon exposure to methanol vapors, the complex changes color from red to orange, and a shift to higher energy is observed in the emission maximum with an increase in excited-state lifetime and emission intensity. The crystal and molecular structures of the orange and red forms, determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction on the same single crystal, were found to be equivalent in the molecular sense and only modestly different in terms of packing. In both forms, the cationic Pt(II) complexes possess...
Ironing out a therapy for Friedreich ataxia

Boddaert and colleagues show the positive effects of selective iron chelation in young patients with Friedreich ataxia, a devastating inborn error of mitochondrial iron metabolism.
Strange situation behavior of infants with adolescent mothers

Abstract Forty 6-month-old infants and their adolescent mothers were observed interacting at home and in Ainsworth's Strange Situation procedure when the infants were 14 months old. There were significantly more A-group infants (45%) and fewer C-group infants (3%) at 14 months in this sample of adolescent mothers than in other samples of adult mothers. Furthermore, A-group attachments were more common when levels of dyadic engagement at 6 months had been lower, and future A-group infants were less vocal at 6 months than were future B-group infants. At 6 months, mothers of future B-group infants provided more care than did mothers of future A-group infants. These findings provide some support for claims that adolescent mothers provide parenting of lower quality than adult mothers and that quality of early interactions may predict subsequent infant behavior in the Strange Situation.
Major and trace element and Sr-Nd isotope signatures of lavas from the Central Lau Basin: Implications for the nature and influence of subduction components in the back-arc mantle

New major and trace element and Sr-Nd isotope data are presented for basaltic glasses from active spreading centers (Central Lau Spreading Center (CLSC), Relay Zone (RZ) and Eastern Lau Spreading Center (ELSC)) in the Central Lau Basin, SW Pacific. Basaltic lavas from the Central Lau Basin are mainly tholeiitic and are broadly similar in composition to mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORE). Their generally high 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios, combined with relatively low 143 Nd/ 144 Nd ratios are more akin to MORB from the Indian rather than Pacific Ocean. In detail, the CLSC, RZ and ELSC lavas are generally more enriched in large ion lithophile elements (Rb, Ba, Sr, and K) than average normal-MORB, which suggests that the mantle beneath the Central Lau Basin was modified by subducted slab-derived components. Fluid mobile/immobile trace element and Sr - Nd isotope ratios suggest that the subduction components were essentially transferred into the mantle via hydrous fluids derived from the subducted oceanic crust; contributions coming from the subducted sediments are minor. Compared to CLSC lavas, ELSC and RZ lavas show greater enrichment in fluid mobile elements and depletion in high field strength elements, especially Nb. Thus, with increasing distance away from the arc, the influence of subduction components in the mantle source of Lau Basin lavas diminishes. The amount of hydrous fluids also influences the degree of partial melting of the mantle beneath the Central Lau Basin, and hence the degree of melting also decreases with increasing distance from the arc.
Tactile Feedback Display with Spatial and Temporal Resolutions

We report the electronic recording of the touch contact and pressure using an active matrix pressure sensor array made of transparent zinc oxide thin-film transistors and tactile feedback display using an array of diaphragm actuators made of an interpenetrating polymer elastomer network. Digital replay, editing and manipulation of the recorded touch events were demonstrated with both spatial and temporal resolutions. Analog reproduction of the force is also shown possible using the polymer actuators, despite of the high driving voltage. The ability to record, store, edit, and replay touch information adds an additional dimension to digital technologies and extends the capabilities of modern information exchange with the potential to revolutionize physical learning, social networking, e-commerce, robotics, gaming, medical and military applications.
Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (EC-CPR) for hypothermic arrest in children: Is meaningful survival a reasonable expectation?

Abstract Purpose We have previously reported the use of EC-CPR for the treatment of hypothermic cardiac arrest with an overall survival of 50%. As we have continued this protocol for an additional 5 years, we sought to update this information. Methods We reviewed all of the activations for hypothermic cardiac arrest from 2005 to 2011. Results are presented as means with minimum and maximum values. The 95% confidence interval for the point estimate of survival was calculated using a binomial distribution. Results Nine children were placed on EC-CPR for hypothermic cardiac arrest. Two patients survived to discharge and were neurologically normal. The other seven patients were adequately supported with veno-arterial EC-CPR but met brain death criteria after rewarming prompting withdrawal of support. Four of these went on to multiple organ donation. The overall survival in the series was 22% with a 95% confidence interval from 4% to 58%. Conclusion Cold water drowning and avalanche suffocations cause dramatic hypothermic cardiac arrests in previously robust children. A protocolized rapid response with EC-CPR can save some of these children despite prolonged periods of cardiac arrest prior to initiation of bypass. The overall survival rate is likely less than our prior more optimistic report suggested.
Sedation for emergent diagnostic imaging studies in pediatric patients.

Purpose of review To review and summarize current literature regarding sedation for imaging studies in pediatric patients in the Emergency Department and acute care setting. Recent findings Multiple guidelines about preparation, monitoring, and appropriate training of personnel administering pediatric sedation have been published. Recommendations for fasting prior to sedation remain in flux. Agents such as chloral hydrate, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines that have been used for pediatric sedation for many years continue to be studied. These agents are compared with newer agents such as etomidate, propofol, and dexmedetomidine. Summary Although avoiding sedation for diagnostic imaging studies is optimal, there are multiple agents with reasonable safety profiles that can be utilized by personnel trained in pediatric airway management in order to obtain adequate emergent imaging studies.
Military tracked vehicle model. Part I: multibody dynamics formulation

Tracked-vehicles have broad areas of application in agriculture, in the construction industry, in the military, and in mobile robotics and space exploration. This study develops a general model of a tracked vehicle using a trailing-arm suspension system, and an independent flexible-band track model. This suspension system is typical for high-speed military tracked vehicles. The suspension systems and the road wheels are modelled in a modular fashion, and can be modified to account for any number of road wheels.
Singularities in the X-Ray Spectra of Metals

Recently, Nozi\`eres et al. have shown that Mahan's model x-ray problem (coupling between the deep hole and electron-hole excitations) could be solved exactly for the singular exponents. Here, it is shown that Lundqvist's model x-ray probelm (coupling between the deep hole and plasmons) may also be solved exactly. Furthermore, an exact solution for the singular exponents may be obtained for the more general problem where both effects exist simultaneously. Finally, a perturbation method is developed to treat both effects on an equal footing for a real interacting electron gas.
The effect of storage at 4° on amino acid transport by rat kidney cortex slices

Abstract Amino acid transport was investigated in stored kidney tissue. Kidney cortex slices and whole kidneys stored at 4° in Krebs Ringer bicarbonate buffer under oxygen, actively concentrated lysine, arginine, α-aminoisobutyric acid, and valine at the same rate as in fresh tissue. Periods of storage up to 8 days resulted in a gradual diminution of uptake for all the amino acids studied except lysine. The time curve of uptake for α-aminoisobutyric acid and lysine in slices stored for 24 h was identical to that of fresh tissue. Other characteristics of active transport of the amino acids tested-exchange diffusion, inhibition of uptake by lack of O2 and Na+-deficient media were also the same in slices stored for 24 h as in fresh kidney slices. Slices made from whole kidneys stored at 4° for 24 h also exhibited active accumulation of amino acids and exchange diffusion. Electron micrographs showed the renal proximal tubular cells, after storage for 24 h or storage and subsequent incubation for 1 h at 37°, appeared normal, with intact brush border membranes, normal mitochondria, and normal basal membranes. These studies indicate that the intricate functioning of the cell membrane with regard to amino acid transport is present in the stored renal slices.
THE TOXICITY OF THE HYDROLYSIS AND BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS OF MALATHION TO THE FATHEAD MINNOW (PIMEPHALES PROMELAS, RAFINESQUE)*

Malathion undergoes hydrolysis in aqueous solutions; the products derived from the reaction are dependent upon the pH of the medium. It was the purpose of this investigation to evaluate the toxicity of the products of malathion hydrolysis in the fathead minnow, Pime- phales promelas. The studies were conducted by toxicity bioassays of 96 hr duration and con- tinuous exposure tests of 14 day duration. The results of the experiments demonstrated the following: (I) the basic hydrolysis product, diethyl fumarate, was more toxic than malathion to the test species; (2) a pronounced synergistic effect was demonstrated between malathion and its two basic hydrolysis products; and (3) continuous exposure decreased the TLm con- centration of malathion and its basic hydrolysis products.
Scheduling DAGs on asynchronous processors

This paper addresses the problem of scheduling a DAG of unit-length tasks on asynchronous processors, that is, processors having different and changing speeds. The objective is to minimize the makespan, that is, the time to execute the entire DAG. Asynchrony is modeled by an oblivious adversary, which is assumed to determine the processor speeds at each point in time. The oblivious adversary may change processor speeds arbitrarily and arbitrarily often, but makes speed decisions independently of any random choices of the scheduling algorithm.This paper gives bounds on the makespan of two randomized online firing-squad scheduling algorithms, All and Level. These two schedulers are shown to have good makespan even when asynchrony is arbitrarily extreme. Let W and D denote, respectively, the number of tasks and the longest path in the DAG, and let πave denote the average speed of the p processors during the execution.In All each processor repeatedly chooses a random task to execute from among all ready tasks (tasks whose predecessors have been executed). Scheduler All is shown to have a makespan Tp= Θ(Wpπave), when WD ≥ p log pΘ((log p)αWpπave + (log p) 1-αDπave), when WD= p(log p)1-2α, for α ∈ [0, 1]Θ (Dπave, when WD ≤ plog p, both expected and with high probability. A family of DAGs is exhibited for which this analysis is tight.In Level each of the processors repeatedly chooses a random task to execute from among all critical tasks (ready tasks at the lowest level of the DAG). This second scheduler is shown to have a makespan of.
Resistance vessel endothelial function in healthy humans during transient postprandial hypertriglyceridemia

A single high-fat meal transiently impairs conduit vessel endothelial function. We tested the hypothesis that transient moderate hypertriglyceridemia by consumption of a high-fat meal impairs forearm resistance vessel endothelial function. Fifteen healthy persons consumed isocaloric high- and low-fat meals (900 calories, 50 and 4 g of fat, respectively) on 2 separate days. Endothelial function in forearm resistance vessels was assessed using blood flow responses to local intra-arterial infusion of nitroprusside, acetylcholine, bradykinin, and verapamil from 1 to 3 hours after the meal. Serum triglycerides increased from 112 ± 15 mg/dl preprandially to 165 ± 20 mg/dl 4 hours after the high-fat meal, which was a significantly larger increase than levels after the low-fat meal (p = 0.01). Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol concentrations did not change. There was no difference between high- and low-fat meals in vasodilation to the endothelium-dependent agents acetylcholine (low fat, 337 ± 47%; high fat, 356 ± 88%; p = 0.81) and bradykinin (low fat, 312 ± 39%; high fat, 403 ± 111%; p = 0.28), or to the endothelium-independent vasodilators nitroprusside (low fat, 313 ± 27%; high fat, 355 ± 42%; p = 0.31) and verapamil (low fat, 292 ± 48%; high fat, 299 ± 36%; p = 0.18). Thus, transient hypertriglyceridemia due to a high-fat meal does not impair resistance vessel endothelial function. These data contrast with previous studies in conduit vessels that showed substantial endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, although high-fat intake may contribute to large artery atherosclerosis, it probably does not predispose to hypertension or ischemia through resistance vessel dysfunction. The results suggest that the mechanism by which triglyceride-rich lipoproteins impair endothelial function in conduit vessels is not operative in resistance vessels.
Modelling strain localization in granular materials using micropolar theory: mathematical formulations

It has been known that classical continuum mechanics laws fail to describe strain localization in granular materials due to the mathematical ill-posedness and mesh dependency. Therefore, a non-local theory with internal length scales is needed to overcome such problems. The micropolar and high-order gradient theories can be considered as good examples to characterize the strain localization in granular materials. The fact that internal length scales are needed requires micromechanical models or laws; however, the classical constitutive models can be enhanced through the stress invariants to incorporate the Micropolar effects. In this paper, Lade's single hardening model is enhanced to account for the couple stress and Cosserat rotation and the internal length scales are incorporated accordingly. The enhanced Lade's model and its material properties are discussed in detail; then the finite element formulations in the Updated Lagrangian Frame (UL) are used. The finite element formulations were implemented into a user element subroutine for ABAQUS (UEL) and the solution method is discussed in the companion paper. The model was found to predict the strain localization in granular materials with low dependency on the finite element mesh size. The shear band was found to reflect on a certain angle when it hit a rigid boundary. Applications for the model on plane strain specimens tested in the laboratory are discussed in the companion paper. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.