cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pine growth response to different site-preparation methods with or without post-plant herbaceous weed control on North Florida's Lower Coastal Plain

A study was initiated in 1994 to evaluate the effects of bedding timing and frequency and pre-plant herbicide application, with and without post-plant herbaceous weed control, on growth of three slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) plantations and one loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation on flatwoods sites. Site preparation treatments included early bedding alone, late bedding alone, double bedding, early bedding plus banded pre-plant herbicide, and early bedding plus broadcast pre-plant herbicide. Each site preparation treatment was tested with and without a first-year post-plant herbicide application for herbaceous weed control (HC). Results ranging from age 5 to 11 are reported, depending on installation. Pine growth following late bedding alone was similar or greater than that with early bedding alone. Double bedding did not consistently increase pine growth as compared with single bedding alone. Early bedding plus either broadcast or banded pre-plant herbicide application generally exhibited greater pine growth than did bedding alone treatments or bedding plus post-plant herbaceous weed control treatments. Broadcast pre-plant herbicide application resulted in similar or greater growth than banded pre-plant herbicide application. Post-plant herbaceous weed control improved loblolly pine growth across all site preparation regimes on the one test location. For slash pine plantations evaluated, post-plant herbaceous weed control resulted in significant growth increases on some but not all sites. The differences in growth response to bedding and pre- and post-plant herbicide applications are discussed in relation to treatment efficacy in controlling woody shrub and herbaceous competing vegetation. Effective bedding and chemical site preparation reduces the need for post-plant herbicide applications for slash pine on certain sites. Good site preparation, including the application of herbicides for competition control, is essential for fast growing slash and loblolly pine plantations in the flatwoods.
Comparison of ThinPrep versus conventional smear cytopreparatory techniques for fine-needle aspiration specimens of head and neck masses.

Objectives: Diagnostic accuracy of the ThinPrep process (Cytyc, Boxborough, MA) was compared with that of conventional (smear) cytopreparation for fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of head and neck masses. Methods: In a prospective, randomized, single-blinded study, 209 patients served as their own controls and underwent 236 FNAs using ThinPrep and conventional (smear) cytopreparatory techniques. Results: ThinPrep produced less air-drying artifact and less mechanical distortion than the conventional method. The conventional technique was diagnostic in 63% of samples; the ThinPrep technique was diagnostic in 55% of samples. When all results were combined, pathologists subjectively preferred the conventional technique but accepted use of ThinPrep as the only cytopreparatory technique for most head and neck masses. Conclusions: For adequately experienced cytopathologists, ThinPrep is acceptable for FNA of salivary masses, neck cysts, metastatic lymph nodes, and thyroid lesions. Conventional smear technique should be used for FNA of nonmetastatic lymphoid lesions. Use of ThinPrep can complement use of the conventional (smear) cytopreparatory technique when aspirate is nondiagnostic or bloody, when the patient has a blood-borne infectious disease, when the clinician is inexperienced, or when aspirate has entered the syringe. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002; 126:554-61.)
Long-term dynamics of phosphorus forms and retention in manure-amended soils

Phosphorus (P) leaching from soils with elevated P levels due to manure applications is increasingly becoming a concern as a source of eutrophication of streams and lakes. This study investigates the relationship between organic and inorganic P in soil pools and equilibrium leachate along a chronosequence of poultry and dairy manure additions in New York state. Resin-extractable P (molybdate-reactive P, RP) and total soil P reached very high levels of 2330 and 7343 mg of P kg-1, respectively, after more than 25 years of continuous manure applications. After long-term manuring, the ability of these soils to retain additional P was low (Langmuir maximum sorption potential of 51−59 g of P kg-1) and equilibrium leachate concentrations of total dissolved P (TDP) were high (5.5−7.6 mg L-1; saturated conditions, 0.15-m lysimeters in closed loop). Total dissolved P concentrations in equilibrium leachate increased linearly (r = 0.737) to a total soil P of 4500 mg kg-1 and increased to a greater extent above 4500−5...
Phase I Trial of Sirolimus Combined with Radiation and Cisplatin in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Purpose The safety and tolerability of sirolimus combined with thoracic radiation and cisplatin was evaluated in patients with lung cancer. In parallel, the effects of sirolimus were studied in a murine model of radiation pneumonitis. Materials and Methods The phase I trial evaluated standard three-dimensional conformal thoracic radiation therapy (60 Gy) and weekly cisplatin (25 mg/m 2 IV) in combination with escalating doses of oral sirolimus. Sirolimus drug levels and inhibition of mTOR signaling to ribosomal S6 protein were assessed in blood. The effects of sirolimus administered during and after whole thoracic radiation of C57BL6/J mice were evaluated by monitoring mouse breathing rates and survival. Results Seven patients with stage III lung cancer were accrued to the clinical study. None of the four patients treated with 2 mg/day sirolimus developed dose-limiting toxicities. Three patients were treated with 5 mg/day sirolimus, and one patient at this dose level had dose-limiting toxicity of grade 3 dysphagia. However, the maximally tolerated dose of sirolumus in this regimen was not defined because the study was terminated prematurely because of loss of funding. In the mouse experiments, concomitant sirolimus treatment was not associated with an increase in radiation-associated morbidity or mortality. Conclusions Combination therapy with sirolimus, radiation, and cisplatin was well tolerated in patients.
Disgust: A predictor of social conservatism and prejudicial attitudes toward homosexuals

Abstract Disgust is a universal human emotion that evolved to protect individuals from ingesting harmful substances such as toxins and pathogens. Recent research suggests that disgust is a component of a “behavioral immune system” that encourages individuals to avoid people and situations that could potentially result in bodily contamination. The purpose of the current research was to explore the role of social conservatism in the link between disgust and prejudicial attitudes toward homosexuals. The results of a correlational study (Study 1) indicated that disgust sensitivity was positively correlated with socially conservative values. However, the relation was specific to conservative values regarding intergroup relations and potential contamination. In Study 2, disgust was experimentally manipulated. Inducing disgust resulted in increased prejudicial attitudes toward contact with homosexuals for conservative individuals and reduced prejudice for liberals. The results of these studies support the claim that disgust is part of a “behavioral immune system” that promotes socially conservative value systems and can lead to increased negative attitudes toward outgroups.
Recurrent response patterns of a zooplankton community to whole‐lake fish manipulation

SUMMARY 1. In a series of whole-lake manipulations conducted from 1984 to 1991, planktivorous fishes were alternately removed and restocked in a small mesotrophic lake, resulting in dramatic changes in the zooplankton community. 2. Response patterns in the zooplankton community, which include species and size structure, and within-year community variability, were examined. Variation in the zooplankton community in unmanipulated years was much lower than that in manipulated years, regardless of direction of the manipulation (i.e. decreasing or increasing planktivory). 3. The succession of zooplankton species abundance was repeated in the second removal of planktivorous fishes. The community shifted from small-bodied cladocerans, copepods and rotifers, through an intermediate state with high abundance of Holopedium, to an assemblage dominated by large-bodied daphnids.
DIMANGANESE(II) ACCORDION PORPHYRIN AS A FUNCTIONAL MODEL FOR CATALASES

The dimanganese(II) complex of an accordion-like binucleating tetrapyrrolic macrocycle, 1, is a functional model for manganese catalases. The rate of O2 evolution accelerates upon the addition of nitrogenous bases, the rate being correlated with the pKa of the base. The crystal structure has features similar to those of a number of binuclear metalloproteins.
The Protection of the Public Interest with Special Reference to Administrative Regulation.

There are two aspects of the relation between government and interest groups which are of primary significance for the political scientist. One is the realistic approach to the study of interest groups, which gives attention to the demands of groups, their pressure on government, and the ways government yields to or tries to accommodate their conflicting demands. The other is the idealist tradition that the purpose of the state is the common weal, which has been expressed diversely, as for example, in the concepts of salus populi supreme lex and "public office is a public trust." If these two were necessarily in conflict, we should have to choose between ethical nihilism and utopianism. This paper moves from the assumptions that realism and idealism both have a place in the study of political science, today as in ancient tradition, and that in the study of the particular problem of government control of the economy, analysis of the upward impact of interest pressures and their accommodation through government policies should be supplemented by a search for the best means of strengthening the impact of the concept of the common weal in the decision-making process.
Source of Sex Education in Relation to Self-Esteem and Attitudes towards AIDS Precautions among College Students:

84 college students responded to Coopersmith's self-esteem scale, Moore and Barling's AIDS Questionnaire, and a background survey querying them as to their sex, race, religion, frequency of church attendance, marital status, college classification, and sources of their sex education. The results indicated that self-esteem scores correlated positively with having received sex education from the parents and negatively with not having received sex education from any of the listed sources. More frequent church attenders were more likely to have received sex education from their parents and to score higher in foreclosure status with regard to attitudes towards AIDS. Persons who scored higher on moratorium status for attitudes towards AIDS were less likely to have received sex education in high school, were more likely not to have received sex education from formal sources, and reported being less likely to use condoms.
Energy‐dispersive X‐ray microanalysis of aqueous biologic samples on bulk supports

The present investigation describes a modification of the liquid droplet technique that allows for the quantitative elemental analysis of small volumes (< 100 picoliters) of aqueous biologic samples using a scanning transmission electron microscope (Philips 400 HTG-STEM) equipped with an EDAX energy dispersive detector. Aliquots of samples and standards were micropipetted onto solid beryllium supports under paraffin oil. The oil was washed with organic solvents and the samples frozen and freeze-dried. The samples were excited in a Philips 400-HTG-STEM by scanning a 1-μm, 20-kV electron beam over the surface of the droplets, and the X-ray spectra were collected. Measured X-ray intensities in characteristic peaks were found to be linearly related to the concentration of various elements in the sample. This work demonstrates the feasibility of performing quantitative elemental analysis of minute samples and cells in a scanning transmission electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray detector.
The antirachitic activity of irradiated corbisterol.

Abstract Samples of corbisterol acetate and 7-dehydrocholesterol acetate were saponified and the free sterols irradiated with ultraviolet light. Rat assays showed the two preparations to have about equal antirachitic potencies. Chick assays of the irradiated corbisterol indicated a ratio of rat to chick efficacy of about 100:4.
Relative entropy based method for global and regional sensitivity analysis in probabilistic design

To overcome the limitations of existing variance-based methods for Probabilistic Sensitivity Analysis (PSA) in design under uncertainty, a new PSA approach based on the concept of relative entropy is proposed. The relative entropy based method evaluates the impact of a random variable by measuring the divergence between two probability density functions of a response. The method can be applied both globally over the whole distribution of a performance response (called global response probabilistic sensitivity analysis-GRPSA) and in any regional range of a response distribution (called regional response probabilistic sensitivity analysis-RRPSA). The former is the most useful for studying variable impact on robust design objective, while the latter provides insight into reliability constraints. The proposed method is applicable to both the prior-design and post-design stages, for variable screening and uncertainty reduction, respectively. The proposed method is verified by numerical examples and industrial design cases. 1
X- or γ rays from Supernovae in glacial ice

In an analysis of NO−3 in an Antarctic ice core we have found four spikes of high concentration, three of which occur at depths which correspond roughly to the dates of known galactic supernovae (SN). The production of the observed NO−3 peaks by the hard X rays generated by a SN outburst (particularly Type I) does not seem inconceivable at least from the point of view of energy requirements and current SN models. We predict that the bright SN of 1006 will be ‘Observed’ about 15 m beyond the end of the current core. If this is true, our identification of these spikes with SN will have important consequences for the theory of SN, atmospheric chemistry and transport, and even the dating of ice cores.
Use of CYP2D6 genotyping in practice: tamoxifen dose adjustment

Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen-receptor modulator that is commonly utilized in the treatment and prevention of endocrine receptor-positive breast cancer. Ultimate conversion of the parent drug by the enzyme CYP2D6 to the active metabolite, endoxifen, is required for tamoxifen to exert its anticancer effects. CYP2D6 exists in varying concentrations across individuals due, in part, to genetic variation. Lower concentrations of endoxifen have been associated with inferior breast cancer outcomes in numerous retrospective trials. In an effort to increase the endoxifen concentrations, three prospective trials have assessed different methods of increasing tamoxifen dose based on patient CYP2D6 genotypes. All three demonstrated the ability to increase endoxifen concentrations using tamoxifen at a dose of 30 or 40 mg daily. These positive findings support future investigations to determine, not only the clinical benefit of genotype-guided therapy, but also the optimal dose needed for individual patients.
Not Too Young to Lead

Abstract Educational leadership is a term used to describe the work of principals and administrators. The high-stakes testing environment that has been feeding the culture of accountability in our schools has led principals to increasingly turn to a more distributed leadership model that includes their teachers, thereby expanding the concept of leadership in our schools. Despite increasing opportunities to lead, a lack of formal training often leaves educators hesitant to see themselves as leaders. Therefore, there is a compelling need to address leadership development among America's teachers even as early as the preservice stage because beginning teachers are not too young to lead. Preservice programs provide numerous opportunities to begin to expose teachers to these ideas and give them the key knowledge, skills, and dispositions necessary to engage in formal and informal leadership roles early in their careers. Promoting teacher leadership among beginning teachers may improve retention in teachers in ...
Comments on tidal winds in the high atmosphere

Abstract Radio meteor observations have shown the existence of strong semidiurnal tidal winds in the high atmosphere. The accuracy of published tidal-wind determinations is discussed on the basis of computations of the radius of the probable-error circle. It is shown that the strong variations of the tidal winds with the seasons and with elevation may be regarded as real, although their actual magnitude cannot yet be regarded as known reliably. The implications of these variations for the solar air tide are discussed.
Application of geometric programming to optimum allocation problems in multivariate doubling sampling

Optimum allocation in double sampling or two-phase sampling is easy when dealing with one variable. However, a simple technique has not been available when an investigator is interested in estimating more than one variable using the double-sampling technique. This paper describes application of geometric programming to the solution of optimum-allocation problems in multivariate double sampling. The solution described here is much simpler than complex analytical techniques described in statistical literature.
Conditional Knockout of Mouse Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Gene Using the Cre/loxP System

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is an essential growth factor for normal intrauterine development and postnatal growth. Mice with a complete deficiency of IGF-1 (IGF-1-null mice), created by homologous recombination, were found to exhibit postnatal lethality, growth retardation, infertility, and profound defects in the development of major organ systems. Furthermore, IGF-1-null mice were resistant to growth hormone (GH) treatment in peri-pubertal somatic growth. Using the Cre/loxP-induced conditional knockout system, we generated a mouse that lacks IGF-1 specifically in the liver, the primary site of IGF-1 production. Interestingly, although circulating and serum levels of IGF-1 were decreased by approximately 75% in these mice, they exhibited no defect in growth or development. When administered exogenously, GH stimulated IGF-1 production in several extra-hepatic tissues as well as body growth. The "Somatomedin hypothesis" originally proposed that circulating IGF-1 acting in various tissues mediate the effects of GH. These striking in vivo results, obtained using homologous recombination technology, call for a major modification of the Somatomedin hypothesis. These gene targeting studies confirm that IGF-1 is essential for GH-stimulated postnatal body growth. However, liver-derived (endocrine) IGF-1 is not essential for normal postnatal growth, though it does exert a negative feedback on GH secretion. Instead, local production of IGF-1, acting in a paracrine/autocrine fashion, appears to mediate GH-induced somatic growth. This review will discuss the effects of tissue-specific IGF-1 gene deficiency created by the Cre/loxP system versus the conventional IGF-1 knockout.
Synthesis and secretion of ecdysteroids by the prothoracic glands of Manduca sexta

Abstract [3H] or [14C]cholesterol was administered to Manduca sexta larvae by injection and the prothoracic glands of the injected animals were then incubated in vitro. Labelled steroids in the glands and medium were analyzed by reverse-phase and normal phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and differential radioimmunoassay, and the data revealed the conversion of the labelled cholesterol to 7-dehydrocholesterol and then to ecdysone, 26-hydroxyecdysone and a less polar ecdysteroid with a modified A-ring. Similar, but more efficient incorporation of radiolabeled cholesterol into 7-dehydrocholesterol and ecdysteroids was attained by including the [3H]cholesterol in the incubation medium when prothoracic glands were incubated in vitro. Analysis by gas-liquid chromatography of the content of endogenous cholesterol and 7-dehydrocholesterol in the prothoracic glands during the 5th larval instar revealed changes in temporal accord with the production of ecdysteroids by these glands, the ratio of the two steroids being consistent with data obtained from the radiotracer studies. By incubating prothoracic glands with [3H]7-dehydrocholesterol, it was demonstrated that 7-dehydrocholesterol is not reduced back to cholesterol and that the former is an obligatory intermediate in ecdysteroid biosynthesis. The principal component of the A-ring modified ecdysteroid peak is 3-dehydroecdysone, a putative secretory product of the prothoracic glands and a possible immediate precursor of ecdysone.
Treatment of AIDS with combinations of antiretroviral agents

Although 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (zidovudine, AZT) has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, there are limitations associated with its use. Consequently, other agents, such as 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC) and 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI), are being assessed for the treatment of patients with HIV infection. However, the most effective therapy for HIV infection may be combination therapy with zidovudine and any of a number of other therapies. To obtain maximum efficacy, combination regimens should include agents that do not share cross-resistance, have different mechanisms of action, and have different dose-limiting toxicities; the relative merits of a concurrent dosage schedule (limits drug failure) and a consecutive dosage schedule (limits toxicity) must also be considered. In addition, the shift between administering a starting regimen and a rescue regimen should be based on time on therapy, disease breakthrough, or drug complication. Eventually, the shift may be precipitated by the in vitro resistance patterns of individual viruses, as is now the case with antibiotics for infection. Several trials are currently in progress to assess combination therapy with zidovudine and ddC; initial results indicate that the combination may allow for improved efficacy and decreased side effects, compared with treatment with either drug alone. Trials of combination therapy with ddI, interferon alfa, and acyclovir are also in progress. It is hoped that these initial studies will pave the way for rational drug sequencing in the treatment of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Investigation of seasonal prediction of the South American regional climate using the nested model system

[1] The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) regional Eta model was nested in the NCEP Atmosphere General Circulation Model (AGCM) to provide an assessment of the dynamic downscaling method in seasonal climate simulations over South America (SA). This study examined 15 seasons, summer and winter, of significant El Nino–Southern Oscillation years. Results showed that the nested model improved the simulation of seasonal mean lower and upper level circulations in both warm and cold seasons. The summer mean meridional wind along 20°S in the nested model simulation exhibited two jet cores, one located just east of the Andes associated with the South American low level jet (SALLJ) and a second, shallower jet located over eastern Brazil. Conversely, winter cross sections showed only the SALLJ, with higher wind speeds. These features are consistent with observation. AGCM results did not show any noticeable jet structure in either season. The nested model also produced better simulations of seasonal mean rainfall and 2-m temperature. Summer (winter) precipitation root-mean-square error averaged over the entire continent was reduced from 2.09 (2.97) mm d−1 in the AGCM to 1.37 (2.33) mm d−1 in the nested model. The improvement persisted during the entire simulation period over selected areas of the continent. Overall, the Eta model reduced the rainfall positive bias over northern SA and negative bias over the subtropics in the AGCM simulation because of better representation of moisture transport by the SALLJ. However, the simulation of the Intertropical Convergence Zone by the nested model was weak because of weak moisture flux convergence. Its possible causes are discussed in the paper.
QCD and relativistic heavy ion collisions

Abstract Some topics in QCD which have relevance to relativistic heavy ion collisions are reveiwed. A partonic picture of the very early stages of the central region in a relativistic heavy ion collision is described. The possible relevance of the Skyrme model for baryon production in the central region is discussed. An interesting suggestion that hadronic modes may be prominent in the region T > T c is reviewed. Subtleties in measuring the J/ψ-nucleon cross section are described.
Development of a safety communication and recognition program for construction

Leading-indicator-based (e.g., hazard recognition) incentive programs provide an alternative to controversial lagging-indicator-based (e.g., injury rates) programs. We designed a leading-indicator-based safety communication and recognition program that incentivized safe working conditions. The program was piloted for two months on a commercial construction worksite and then redesigned using qualitative interview and focus group data from management and workers. We then ran the redesigned program for six months on the same worksite. Foremen received detailed weekly feedback from safety inspections, and posters displayed worksite and subcontractor safety scores. In the final program design, the whole site, not individual subcontractors, was the unit of analysis and recognition. This received high levels of acceptance from workers, who noted increased levels of site unity and team-building. This pilot program showed that construction workers value solidarity with others on site, demonstrating the importance of health and safety programs that engage all workers through a reliable and consistent communication infrastructure.
Dynamics of aggregate response sensitivities to marketing mix variables

Abstract In this article, hypotheses are developed about changes in aggregate response sensitivities to marketing-mix variables with industry maturation and the passage of time. Market responses to advertising, price, and distribution are examined using data from six product categories. Advertising sensitivity has declined in the automobile and beer markets, has increased for VCRs, and has been stable or immaterial for cigarettes, wine, and liquor. Market price sensitivity has increased in three industries but has declined in another. Distribution sensitivity, tested with only two products, has declined for automobiles and has been stable for cigarettes. Changes over the product life cycle are consistent with the findings for temporal dynamics. Elasticities, which combine the response sensitivity, the marketing mix variable, and sales, show trends that are generally similar to the patterns of the sensitivities. However, growth-maturity comparisons of elasticity levels tend to be less supportive of hypothesized changes over the product life cycle, and maturity-decline comparisons tend to be more supportive.
Turbulent Cascade and Intermittency Growth

Most embodiments of Kolmogorov’s idea of turbulent cascade rest on heuristic modelling rather than mathematical treatment of the Navier-Stokes equations. However, low-order systematic approximation via renormalized perturbation theory also exists. It supports the -5/3 inertial-range spectrum law and yields quantitatively good predictions of both the Kolmogorov constant and the dissipation spectrum. Pressure plays an essential role in the inertial range. This is highlighted by the qualitatively different predictions of the same theory applied to Burgers turbulence. A recent, non-perturbative analytical approach via nonlinear mapping of gaussian fields may contribute to the resolution of questions of intermittency corrections to the inertial and dissipation ranges. Again, comparison with Burgers turbulence is illuminating. Whatever the tools, it is crucial that a theory be able to describe what happens at finite Reynolds numbers, both to understand the limit of infinite Reynolds number and to interpret correctly the data from existing experiments and simulations.
Complete response of a metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma of the parotid gland to chemotherapy

A patient developed metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma of the parotid gland within nine months after surgical and radiation therapies. A complete regression of pulmonary and skull metastases occurred after treatment with cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, and vincristine. This is the first case of a complete remission of metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma obtained with combination chemotherapy.
Mechanically induced cardiac arrhythmia following open heart surgery.

Since the advent of cellular eiectrophysiology, a mechanical etiology for cardiac arrhythmias is rarely proposed. We observed a 23-year-old man, three months following mitral valve replacement surgery, who complained of palpitations that occurred only on deep inspiration in recumbency. Following physiologic and pharmacologic evaluation, we concluded that the mechanism for the arrhythmia causing the palpitations (junctional or ventricular tachycardia) is most likely direct stimulation of the irritable focus by the prosthetic valve struts. The mechanical etiology for the arrhythmia in this case suggests that patients with arrhythmias occurring under unusual circumstances should be pharmacologically and physiologically evaluated to determine the mechanism of their arrhythmias. A more accurate prognostic evaluation and therapeutic regimen would then result.
Anion Effects and Induced Adsorption of Chloride by Submonolayer Amounts of Copper on Deliberately Stepped Platinum Surfaces

The presence of submonolayer amounts of underpotentially deposited copper induces the adsorption of chloride on platinum stepped surfaces. The surfaces studied include the (111) and (110) surfaces and the stepped surfaces of (10,10,9), (554), (332), (221), and (331), which correspond to (111) terrace widths of 19, 9, 5, 3, and 2 atoms, respectively, with monatomic (110) steps. Unlike in the presence of sulfate/bisulfate anions where induced adsorption was present only at the step sites, here two types of induced adsorption take place on the platinum surfaces: induced adsorption on the (111) terraces and induced adsorption on the (110) step sites. The type and extent of the induced adsorption depend on the terrace width and density of step sites. On surfaces with a terrace width larger than nine atoms, e.g. Pt(10,10,9) or Pt(111), the induced adsorption creates a copper−chloride lattice structure on the terrace sites only. The maximum amount of induced adsorption at the terrace sites takes place on the Pt...
Quantitative determination of cell growth inhibition

The influence of five cytostatic substances on the colony-forming capacity of cells of the strain Detroit 6 was examined, and the advantages of this method for thein vitro screening of cytostatic substances was pointed out.
The role of the third occipital nerve in surgical treatment of occipital migraine headaches

Summary Background The third occipital nerve is often encountered during the occipital migraine surgery, however its contribution to migraine headaches is unclear. The objective of this study was to determine whether removing the third occipital nerve plays any role in the clinical outcomes of occipital migraine surgery. Methods A retrospective comparative review was conducted on all occipital migraine headache (Site IV) patients from 1/2000 to 12/2010. Inclusion criteria were: 1) completion of migraine questionnaire, 2) migraine Site IV decompression, and 3) minimum 6 months of follow-up. Patients were divided into those who had the third occipital nerve removed and those who did not. Outcome variables included overall Migraine Headache Index reduction and Site IV pain elimination. Results 229 patients met the study inclusion criteria. The third occipital nerve removed group (111 patients) and the third occipital nerve not removed group (118 patients) were comparable in terms of age, gender, number of surgical sites, and statistically well matched regarding preoperative headache characteristics. Comparing the third occipital nerve removed to the third occipital nerve not removed group, Migraine headache index reduction was 63% vs. 64%. Patients experiencing migraine headache elimination (third occipital nerve removed 26% vs. third occipital nerve not removed 29%; p = 0.45) and surgery success with at least 50% reduction in migraine headache (third occipital nerve removed 80% vs. third occipital nerve not removed 81%; p = 0.82) were also similar. There was also no difference between the two groups in symptomatic neuroma formation. Site IV specific pain elimination was similar between the two groups (third occipital nerve removed 58% vs. third occipital nerve not removed 64%; p = 0.54). Conclusions Removal of the third occipital nerve did not alter migraine surgery success.
Does age play a role in recovery from sports-related concussion? A comparison of high school and collegiate athletes

Abstract Objective To evaluate symptoms and neurocognitive recovery patterns after sports-related concussion in high school and college athletes. Study design College athletes (n = 371) and high school athletes (n = 183) underwent baseline neuropsychological evaluation between 1997 and 2000. Individuals who received a concussion during athletic competition (n = 54) underwent serial neuropsychologic evaluation after injury and were compared with a noninjured within-sample control group (n = 38). Main outcome measures included structured interview, four memory measures, and Concussion Symptom Scale ratings. Baseline to postinjury change scores and multiple analyses of variance were used to compare recovery curves within and between groups. Results High school athletes with concussion had prolonged memory dysfunction compared with college athletes with concussion. High school athletes performed significantly worse than age-matched control subjects at 7 days after injury ( F = 2.90; P Conclusions Caution and systematic evaluation should be undertaken before returning athletes with concussion to competition. Sole reliance on the self-report of the athlete may be inadequate. Preliminary data may suggest a more protracted recovery from concussion in high school athletes. (J Pediatr 2003;142:546-53)
Mutual regulation of c-Jun and ATF2 by transcriptional activation and subcellular localization

ATF2 and c-Jun are key components of activating protein-1 and function as homodimers or heterodimers. c-Jun–ATF2 heterodimers activate the expression of many target genes, including c-jun, in response to a variety of cellular and environmental signals. Although it has been believed that c-Jun and ATF2 are constitutively localized in the nucleus, where they are phosphorylated and activated by mitogen-activated protein kinases, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of their transcriptional activities remain to be defined. Here we show that ATF2 possesses a nuclear export signal in its leucine zipper region and two nuclear localization signals in its basic region, resulting in continuous shuttling between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Dimerization with c-Jun in the nucleus prevents the export of ATF2 and is essential for the transcriptional activation of the c-jun promoter. Importantly, c-Jun-dependent nuclear localization of ATF2 occurs during retinoic acid-induced differentiation and UV-induced cell death in F9 cells. Together, these findings demonstrate that ATF2 and c-Jun mutually regulate each other by altering the dynamics of subcellular localization and by positively impacting transcriptional activity.
Are most precontemplators contemplating smoking cessation? Assessing the validity of the stages of change.

Objective To assess the validity of the stages of change (SOC) algorithm for current smokers. Design This study was a mail-based, cross-sectional survey study of 242 adult smokers. Main outcome measures The main outcome measures were the SOC algorithm and a variety of alternative questionnaire items measuring motivation to quit smoking. Results and conclusion The results revealed that the SOC algorithm systematically underestimated motivation to quit smoking relative to a variety of other measures. Further, the stages of change do not appear to be qualitatively distinct categories. More than half the precontemplators were contemplating cessation, and many precontemplators intended to quit. Most contemplators were not merely contemplating cessation but rather were trying to quit currently. In summary, there is a divergence between the concepts underlying the SOC - precontemplation, contemplation, and preparation - and the operational definitions of these concepts.
Single and dual p-doped channel In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/ As/In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As (x=0.53, 0.65) FET's and the role of doping

The properties of lattice-matched (x=0.53) and strained (x=0.65) In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As/In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As p-doped channel FETs are reported. The role of doping density is studied with the help of two designs (dual-channel with low doping and single-channel with high doping). The strained dual-channel devices demonstrated an improvement of mobility from 108 cm/sup 2//V-s (53% In) to 265 cm/sup 2//V-s (65% In) at 300 K. The corresponding intrinsic transconductance enhancement is from 23 Ms/mm (53% In) to 46.5 mS/mm (65% In) using 1.0 mu m-long gates. The cutoff frequency (f/sub t/) also improves from 1.0 to 1.4 GHz. The impact of strain in the highly-doped single-channel device is small. The band structure under lattice-matched and strained conditions and the position of the Fermi level according to doping seem to be the main factors determining the reported features. >
PARTICLE IMPACT DAMPING

Abstract Particle impact damping (PID) is a means for achieving high structural damping by the use of a particle-filled enclosure attached to the structure in a region of high displacements. The particles absorb kinetic energy of the structure and convert it into heat through inelastic collisions between the particles and the enclosure, and amongst the particles. In this work, PID is measured for a cantilevered aluminium beam with the damping enclosure attached to its free end; lead particles are used in this study. The effect of acceleration amplitude and clearance inside the enclosure on PID is studied. PID is found to be highly non-linear. Perhaps the most useful observation is that for a very small weight penalty (about 6%), the maximum specific damping capacity (SDC) is about 50%, which is more than one order of magnitude higher than the intrinsic material damping of a majority of structural metals (O(1%)). Driven by the experimental observations, an elementary analytical model of PID is constructed. A satisfactory comparison between the theory and the experiment is observed. An encouraging result is that in spite of its simplicity, the model captures the essential physics of PID.
Re-reading W. E. B. Du Bois: the global dimensions of the US civil rights struggle*

Drawing on the increasingly important insights of historians concerned with global and transnational perspectives, in this article I argue that Du Bois' international activism and writings on global oppression in the decades following the Second World War profoundly shaped the ways in which people in the United States engaged with race as a concept and social practice in the mid decades of the twentieth century. Du Bois' efforts to bring his insights on global racism home to the US domestic legal arena were to a large degree thwarted by a US foreign policy focused on Cold War politics and interested in pursuing racial equality not on the basis of universal human rights principles but as a Cold War political strategy. Nonetheless, I argue that Du Bois' writings, which were informed by a new rhetoric of global responsibility and universal citizenship, had unpredictable and significant consequences in shaping the direction of US racial politics in the civil rights era.
Heat transfer from impinging slot jets of air part 1: Aerodynamic characteristics of free jets

Aerodynamic data on the axial velocity and turbulence development of free slot jets is presented. Jets varying from 0.0635 to 0.375 inches (1.59 to 9.53 mm) in width and with air velocities between 2,000 and 10,000 ft/min (10.2 to 50.8 m/sec) were examined. This study was the first phase of a research program aimed at developing empirical data describing impinging slot jet heat transfer commonly used in veneer drying.
Cloning of the phr gene and amplification of photolyase in Escherichia coli

A new technique is developed for physically enriching recombinant DNA molecules in an in vitro recombination mixture. UV-irradiation of the donor DNA before recombination enables photoreactivating enzyme (PRE) (deoxyribodipyrimidine photolyase, EC 4.1.99.3) to attach to the donor segments in recombinant molecules. This attached protein causes retention of the recombinant molecules on a nitrocellulose filter, while molecules not containing donor DNA pass through. The bound DNA is repaired of its UV damage and released for insertion into cells by exposure to photoreactivating light in situ, yielding approx. 350-fold enrichment. Although applicable to any gene, this procedure has been used in cloning the Escherichia coli phr gene itself, permitting 100-fold amplification of the gene product in vivo.
PVNs: making virtualized network infrastructure usable

Network virtualization is becoming a fundamental building block of future Internet architectures. Although the underlying network infrastructure needed to dynamically create and deploy custom virtual networks is rapidly taking shape ( e.g., GENI), constructing and using a virtual network is still a challenging and labor intensive task, one best left to experts. In this paper, we present the concept of a Packaged Virtual Network (PVN), that enables normal users to easily download, deploy and use application-specific virtual networks. At the heart of our approach is a PVN Hypervisor that “runs” a PVN by allocating the virtual network resources needed by the PVN and then connecting the PVN's participants into the network on demand. To demonstrate our PVN approach, we implemented a multicast PVN that runs on the PVN hypervisor prototype using ProtoGENI as the underlying virtual network, allowing average users to create their own private multicast network.
Effect of Calcitriol and Pamidronate in Multiple Myeloma

Abstract Addition of bisphosphonates to standard treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) decreases bone pain and skeletal events without influencing bone healing. Calcitriol, besides its established effects on bone remodeling and calcium metabolism, has both immunoregulatory and cell differentiating effects in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, low serum calcitriol has been reported in MM. We tested the effects of supportive treatment with calcitriol and pamidronate on bone disease in two stage-lll-B MM patients with diffuse bone involvement, normal serum calcium, and low serum calcitriol. Complete blood counts, serum calcium, creatinine, quantitative serum and urine immunoglobulins, and biochemical indices of bone turnover, serum calcidiol, calcitriol, parathyroid hormone, skeletal radiographs, and bone mineral density by dual x-ray absorbtiometry were measured every 1–6 months for 16 months in the first patient and 7 months in the second patient. Both patients showed a dramatic improvement of MM activity and in bone disease documented by serial radiographs in the first patient and by increased bone mineral density (approximately 15%) in the second. The reduced serum calcitriol in both patients and the elevated parathyroid hormone observed in the first patient before treatment returned to normal. Supportive treatment with pamidronate does not induce bone healing in MM. Therefore, the results observed with the addition of calcitriol suggest that this hormone may have contributed to the apparent arrest of the progression of MM and caused stimulation of bone healing.
Genome Wide Studies of Gene Expression Relevant to Coronary Artery Disease

Purpose of review Genome-wide association studies have led to the discovery of many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, many of these SNPs are in between genes (intergenic), and presumably function through the regulation of gene expression. Microarrays that measure the expression of thousands of mRNAs have allowed investigators to study how genetic variation alters gene expression at a genome-wide level. Combining these methods has led to progress in understanding the molecular basis for the genetic susceptibility to atherosclerosis. Recent findings Recent studies confirm that gene expression differences due to genetic variation play an underlying role in atherosclerosis. Expression levels of SORT1 are negatively correlated with an intergenic risk allele on chromosome 1p13.3 that was previously associated with CAD. Increased SORT1 expression leads to lower hepatic secretion of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), providing a mechanistic link between a common risk variant and disease. In addition, three out of 13 newly identified CAD risk loci were found to strongly affect the expression of nearby genes. Another recent study detected variants adjacent to a newly identified atherosclerosis risk locus on chromosome 11q22 that were associated with the expression of platelet-derived growth factor D (PDGFD). Summary Cataloging the genetics of gene expression provides a small but crucial molecular link between genetics and clinical phenotypes such as atherosclerosis. Thus, gene expression is an endophenotype that can lead to the discovery of the underlying genes responsible for increasing atherosclerosis risk and potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
Behavior of nonlinear viscoelastic material under simultaneous stress relaxation in tension and creep in torsion.

Tension stress and shearing strain vs time for simultaneous stress relaxation and creep in polyurethane
A “Cold Shortening” Effect in Avian Muscle

SUMMARY— Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of post-mortem temperatures between 0 and 20°C on the degree of shortening in isolated pectoralis major muscles of chickens and turkeys. A “cold shortening” effect in these muscles is described and compared to post-mortem pH, average sarcomere length of isolated myofibrils, and relative solubility of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins. The degree of muscle shortening at each temperature after various periods post-mortem indicated that shortening was essentially complete after 3 hr in chickens and 5 hr in turkeys. Shortening in muscles stored at 0°C was significantly greater (P .05) with shortening. Extractability of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins after 5 hr at either 0 or 16°C was determined and found to be unrelated to the degree of post-mortem shortening.
Physiological wet laboratory facilities in colleges of nursing

The purpose of this study was to describe physiological wet laboratories as they exist within colleges of nursing with doctoral programs. Surveys were sent to the current deans and directors of all 96 nursing colleges/schools with doctoral programs as of January 2004, obtained from the American Association of Colleges of Nursing Web site. Only 26 (37%) of 71 responding schools operate their own wet laboratory, either singly or with another college. The most common analyses done are hormone levels, immune proteins, and cell counts, followed by catecholamines, chemistries, and bacterial cultures. Approximate annual costs of running wet laboratories range from 1,500 dollars to 320,000 dollars per school. Schools based in an academic health center were more likely to operate a wet laboratory ( chi2 = .003). There were no differences based on source of university funding (public vs. private) or Carnegie classification.