cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Next Generation Clouds, the Chameleon Cloud Testbed, and Software Defined Networking (SDN)

Next generation clouds, based on highly programmable, high performance networks, especially those supported by Software-Defined-Networking (SDN) have attracted significant interest by research communities. In recognition of the increasing importance of advancing cloud services and technologies, especially for providing Internet services, the US National Science Foundation (NSF) established a project, the NSF Cloud initiative, to enable the computer science research community to develop and experiment with novel cloud architectures and create new, architecturally enabled innovative applications for cloud computing through empirical research experimentation by using large scale distributed cloud test beds. This paper provides an overview of one of those test beds, the Chameleon Cloud tested, with an additional description of the integration of that test bed with high programmable, high performance networks, based on SDN. The Chameleon project is designing, deploying, and operating a large scale, highly distributed experimental environment for empirical cloud research, integrated with high programmable networks as a foundation resource.
A Study of Clinical Manifestations and Neuroimging Studies in Neurosarcoidosis (P03.159)

Objective: To study the clinical manifestations and neuroimaging findings in Neurosarcoidosis. Background Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic systemic inflammatory disorder characterized by the formation of the non-caseating granulomas. Neurological complications are thought about 5% in the patients with systemic sarcoidosis but 50% in neurosarcoidosis. We previously presented electrodiagnostic evidence of mononeuropathy or sensorimotor polyneuropathy in patients with sarcoidosis (Muscle & Nerve, 2011). In this study, we investigate the clinical manifestations and neuroimging studies in subjects with neurosarcoidosis. Design/Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical charts from January 1, 2001 to December 30, 2010 to identify subjects with a clinical diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Subjects with a neurological presentation and clinically suspected as neurosarcoidosis were collected. Past medical history of use alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs were recorded. Data of clinical presentations and neuroimaging findings of those subjects were studied. Subjects with identifiable etiologies other than sarcoidosis or with incomplete data were subsequently excluded. Results: Fifty-two subjects with a clinically confirmed diagnosis of sarcoidosis were initially identified. Of them, 29 (age: 51.7±9.0, range: 36-77 years, female:male=21:8=2.63) who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were collected. Some subjects used alcohol (1/29/3.4%, number/total/percent), tobacco (1/29/3.4%), or illegal drugs (2/29/6.9%). Common clinical presentations were seizure (10/29/34.5%); facial weakness (5/29/17.2%) and/or hypoesthesia (4/29/13.8%); limb weakness (4/29/13.8%) and/or numbness (2/29/6.9%); abducen nerve paresis (2/29/6.9%); hydrocephalus (2/29/6.9%), nystagmus (1/29/3.4%), and optical neuritis (1/29/3.4%). MRI showed abnormalities in the area of subcortical (15/55.2%); cortex of frontal (8/27.6%); parieatal (6/20.7%); temporal (5/17.2%); cerebellum (4/13.8%); pons (3/10.3%); dural (3/10.3%); facial nerve (3/10.3%); and optic nerve (3/10.3%). Conclusions: In consistent with literature, our observations support the notion that neurological involvements in sarcoidosis are diversely presented. Our findings also disclosed seizure(s) as the initial presentation in approximate 1/3, and a pathology involving the subcortical location in approximate half of our neurosarcoidosis patients. Disclosure: Dr. Mehta has nothing to disclose. Dr. Luo has nothing to disclose.
The Application of Certain Laws of Physical Chemistry in the Standardization of Disinfectants

The idea of standardizing disinfectants was first seriously proposed by Rideal and Walker.1 Previous to that time, despite the fact that the germicidal properties of a great many chemical substances had been thoroughly investigated, no scientific attempt had ever been made to establish a common basis of comparison. The results of any disinfection experiments are fundamentally influenced by such conditions as temperature, character of the organism employed, number of organisms in unit volume, and character of the medium. In the absence of complete data covering these points results are practically worthless, at least for purposes of comparison. Even with such data given it is still impossible, owing to the variable conditions obtaining in practice, to establish any relationship, or order of excellence, among the various disinfectants. At best we can only hope to establish such relationship under specified experimental conditions. Rideal and Walker proposed to establish phenol as a standard. This selection was made because phenol is a substance readily obtainable anywhere in a comparatively pure condition. The effect of phenol and that of any other disinfectant may be determined simultaneously using the same test organism. The germicidal power of the disinfectant under investigation is then expressed as the " carbolic-acid coefficient," this being the ratio of the concentrations of the two disinfectants which will kill all the test organisms in the same time. Rideal and Walker recognized also that the time required to disinfect was dependent upon the number of organisms initially present as well as upon the temperature, a fact previously pointed* out by Kronig and Paul.2 These variable factors were controlled as closely
Neuropathology of Teschen disease (virus encephalomyelitis of swine).

SummaryA study of the neuropathology of Teschen disease reveals it to be a diffuse encephalomyelitis with characteristic lesions both as to type and distribution. The lesions are, with minor exceptions, confined to the grey matter of the brain and cord. Their widespread distribution in the CNS, and particularly their striking density in the cerebellum serve to distinguish Teschen disease from poliomyelitis, although spinal cord lesions may be similar in the 2 diseases.
Effect of Lt GaAs on Epitaxial Al/GaAs Schottky Diode Characteristics

The effect of LT GaAs on the effective barrier height of the epitaxial Al/GaAs Schottky contact was investigated for the first time by inserting a thin LT GaAs layer (50 ~ 500A) between the in situ deposited Al film and conventional MBE GaAs epitaxial layer. The activation energy plot of saturation current for the devices showed that the effective barrier height exhibits a dependence on LT GaAs thickness and reaches a saturated barrier height when the LT GaAs layer exceeds a critical thickness. Compared to the samples which had no LT GaAs layer, the effective Schottky barrier height was decreased from 0.79 eV to 0.35 eV for the n-GaAs samples, and increased from 0.55 eV to 0.72 eV for the p-GaAs samples. The Schottky barrier height modification achieved by LT GaAs is tentatively explained in the terms of a bulk Fermi level pinning model. The work described here suggests that LT GaAs can be used as a defect source with controlled thickness to study defect associated phenomena such as Schottky barrier height modification.
An Unusual Presentation of Extramedullary Hematopoiesis as Multiple Nodular Lesions in Liver and Spleen of a 75-Year-Old Man: Case Report and Literature Review

Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is a process to maintain erythrogenesis in response to decrease in production of RBCs. It happens in several conditions, such as hemoglobinopathies and myeloproliferative disorders. Frequently, liver, spleen, and lymph nodes are involved by EMH. But several case reports show EMH in other sites such as …
Quantitative Analysis of The Seminiferous Epithelium In Human Testicular Biopsies, and The Relation of Spermatogenesis to Sperm Density*

Quantitative analysis of the seminiferous epithelium was performed in bilateral testicular biopsy specimens from 14 patients with sperm counts ranging from 0 to 89 million/ml. All Sertoli cells and germ cells within each seminiferous tubule cross-section were counted in all biopsies. Results were expressed either as number of cells per unit length of seminiferous tubule circumference or as number of cells per Sertoli cell. Results were correlated with sperm count (millions per milliliter), total sperm count (millions per ejaculate), and age. A significant correlation between sperm density and germ cell counts was demonstrated. Coefficients of correlation were higher when results were expressed per unit of tubular wall length than when expressed per Sertoli cell. In men with sperm counts below 5 million/ml the number of germ cells in the biopsy was lower than in men with higher sperm counts. Spermiogenesis appeared to be most affected. In this group of patients an adverse effect of age on spermatogenesis was noted.
Office diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases.

Discussion de la sensibilite, specificite, et facilite d'utilisation des techniques diagnostiques pour le gonocoque, le Chlamydia trachomatis, le mycoplasme, le trichomonas, les mycoses, la syphilis, le chancre mou, le lymphogranulome venerien, le granulome inguinal, l'herpes simplex. A noter, l'expose du materiel necessaire a ces differents prelevements au cabinet du medecin
Molecular Genetic Approaches to Studying the Structure and Function of the Cytochrome c2 and the Cytochrome bc1 Complex from Rhodobacter Capsulatus

According to the chemiosmotic theory of Mitchell, generation of the transmembrane proton gradient is the result of electron flow through a series of membrane-bound electron carriers1. These multisubunit complexes, which can be isolated as distinct, functional entities, are interconnected via small electron carriers, like quinones and cytochrome c. The ubiquinol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase (or the cytochrome bc 1 complex), is one of the most common example of these complexes. It is responsible for the transfer of electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c, a central step in respiratory and photosynthetic energy transduction pathways, while in doing so it translocates protons across the impermeable membrane. The proton gradient and the membrane potential thus established are then used for cellular functions like ATP production and transport. Cytochrome bc 1 complexes are present in many prokaryotes, including photosynthetic bacteria, and in mitochondria of eukaryotes. A similar structure, the cytochrome b 6 /f complex, also exists in chloroplasts of plants. Although the subunit compositions of these complexes vary according to their origin, the essential redox-active components, cytochromes b and c1, Rieske Fe-S protein and ubiquinone, are always conserved2.
On the scalability of joint channel and mismatch estimation for time-interleaved analog-to-digital conversion in communication receivers

The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) represents a fundamental bottleneck in power- and cost-efficient realizations of “mostly digital” communication transceivers at multi-Gigabit speeds. Time-interleaved (TI) ADCs, with slower, power-efficient “sub-ADCs” employed in parallel to obtain a high-rate ADC, represent a potential solution to this bottleneck. The performance floor caused by mismatch in TI-ADCs can be eliminated by estimating and correcting for the mismatch. For TI-ADCs employed in communication receivers, prior work has shown that mismatch and channel parameters can be estimated jointly by using the training available in communication systems. In this paper, we propose simplified algorithms for this purpose, and examine how well they scale as the number of sub-ADCs gets large. We conclude that rapid convergence can be attained if the training sequence scales with the number of sub-ADCs, and that the convergence rate can be significantly enhanced by a suitable choice of periodic training sequence.
Implications of immigration for apportionment

Around the time of the US decennial censuses, a renewed interest emerges in the method for apportioning the US House of Representatives. Various methods may show slight variations in illustrative apportionments, with biases favoring less populous states, but the general pattern remains. Definition of certain groups as included in the apportionment counts and coverage levels for selected groups have been debated in the judicial system, legal journals, and government. Unauthorized residents, and, sometimes, lawful immigrants, are often singled out for exclusion. The legal issues are complex, and illustrating the effects of these groups' inclusion is problematic due to poor measures, nationally and geographically. Using approximate distributions, these analyses suggest this next apportionment might differ slightly under various scenarios such as ones excluding either recently entered unauthorized residents or all unauthorized residents. Allowing for net authorized immigration greater than official estimates for the 1990s might have some effect for large states.
Abstract 240: Temporally-Stiffening Hydrogel Enhances Cardiomyocyte Maturation via Activation of Mechanosensitive Pathways

As cells migrate and differentiate throughout development, they secrete and assemble extracellular matrix, giving rise to time-dependent, tissue-specific stiffness, i.e. myocardium stiffens ~10-fold during maturation. When mimicked in vitro with a thiolated hyaluronic acid/poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate hydrogel, myocardial matrix stiffening enhanced cardiac specific gene expression and myofibril organization in isolated embryonic cardiomyocytes vs. static hydrogels. Mechanical cues alone, even when time-dependent, were insufficient to induce cardiogenesis in mouse embryonic stem cell (mESCs), but a combination of precisely timed developmentally-relevant chemical cues (e.g. BMP4, Activin A, DKK-1) and dynamic matrix mechanical cues at the cardiac mesoderm induction stage enhanced maturation of mESC-derived cardiomyocytes vs. static hydrogels. On dynamic hydrogels, measurement of sarcomere length shows mESC-derived cardiomyocytes exhibited greater than 30% more mature myofibrils compared to cells plated on static, stiffer matrices. While active mechanotransduction aided maturation, the specific proteins responsible for responding to time-dependent stiffness remain unknown. In order to assess matrix-mediated mechanotransduction, we examined the expression and phosphorylation state of 890 protein kinases, as well as organization of mechanosensitive proteins, e.g. focal adhesion kinase and vinculin, of embryonic cardiomyocytes plated on matrices with either dynamic or static cardiac tissue-specific stiffness. Microarray analysis of protein kinases showed differential expression as a function of mechanics, confirmed by ratiometric western blotting. Several cardiogenic pathways exhibited time-dependent up-regulation on dynamic vs. static matrices, including PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK, while GSK3β, a known inhibitor of cardiomyocyte maturation was down regulated. These data indicate that mechanically driven maturation is at least partially achieved via active mechanosensing at focal adhesions. Identifying mechanosensitive pathways that are active in cardiomyogenesis can lead to a better understanding of how stem cell differentiation and development are mediated by extracellular matrix properties.
Hate Crimes against the Homeless: Warning-Out New England Style

This article reports on the hate crime victimization experienced by thirty individuals over the course of their homelessness in a New England city. Indepth interviews were conducted with the participants in order to provide a detailed, contextual account of the nature and forms of their hate crime victimization in public and semi-public spaces. Central to the article is the argument that hate crimes against homeless people function as informal social control mechanisms that impose spatial constraints, not unlike the character and objectives of the warning-out laws that were used to exclude homeless people from the public and private space of early New England communities.
Drinking Water Pollutants and Risk of Cancer Incidence

Advances in techniques for measuring environmental contaminants have revealed the widespread occurrence of chlorinated by-products of chlorination (chloroform, other triha1omethanes (THMs)), organic solvents and other industrial chemicals in drinking water. Chloroform is carcinogenic when fed to rats and mice (Page 1976). On addition, there is evidence that higher-molecular-weight halogenated compounds are likely to be carcinogenic (Loper 1980; McCann 1975). Other naturally occurring chemical and radiological constituents in drinking water are known or likely carcinogens.
Robust Standard Deviation Estimation for Query Performance Prediction

We derive a robust standard deviation estimator for post-retrieval query performance prediction. To this end, we propose a novel bootstrap sampling approach which is inspired by user search behavior. Using an evaluation with several TREC benchmarks and a comparison with several different types of baselines, we demonstrate that, overall, our estimator results in an enhanced query performance prediction.
Examining the Relationship between Self-Esteem, Mattering, School Connectedness, and Wellness among Middle School Students

With data collected from 254 middle grade (5–8) students enrolled in a rural, southern school district, this study sought to determine the influence of self-esteem, mattering, and school connectedn...
The use of patient-reported outcome tools in Gynecologic Oncology research, clinical practice, and value-based care

Patient-reported outcomes (PRO) are defined as a report of a patient's symptoms, function and general well-being that comes directly from the patient, without interpretation of the response by a medical provider. As greater emphasis is placed on high-quality, patient-centered care, the importance of PROs has become widely accepted by policymakers, third party payers, medical societies, health care systems and clinical researchers. Despite increased recognition of the importance of PROs, they have not become a widely-implemented part of clinical care and their use in clinical research has been limited by methodological concerns. Health service researchers and providers are working to standardize and develop new methods to improve implementation of PROs in clinical and research settings. This article reviews the development of PRO measurement tools, implementation in the healthcare setting and relevance in clinical trials, with a focus on clinical care and research in gynecologic oncology.
Conditional knockout mice for the distal appendage protein CEP164 reveal its essential roles in airway multiciliated cell differentiation

Multiciliated cells of the airways, brain ventricles, and female reproductive tract provide the motive force for mucociliary clearance, cerebrospinal fluid circulation, and ovum transport. Despite their clear importance to human biology and health, the molecular mechanisms underlying multiciliated cell differentiation are poorly understood. Prior studies implicate the distal appendage/transition fiber protein CEP164 as a central regulator of primary ciliogenesis; however, its role in multiciliogenesis remains unknown. In this study, we have generated a novel conditional mouse model that lacks CEP164 in multiciliated tissues and the testis. These mice show a profound loss of airway, ependymal, and oviduct multicilia and develop hydrocephalus and male infertility. Using primary cultures of tracheal multiciliated cells as a model system, we found that CEP164 is critical for multiciliogenesis, at least in part, via its regulation of small vesicle recruitment, ciliary vesicle formation, and basal body docking. In addition, CEP164 is necessary for the proper recruitment of another distal appendage/transition fiber protein Chibby1 (Cby1) and its binding partners FAM92A and FAM92B to the ciliary base in multiciliated cells. In contrast to primary ciliogenesis, CEP164 is dispensable for the recruitment of intraflagellar transport (IFT) components to multicilia. Finally, we provide evidence that CEP164 differentially controls the ciliary targeting of membrane-associated proteins, including the small GTPases Rab8, Rab11, and Arl13b, in multiciliated cells. Altogether, our studies unravel unique requirements for CEP164 in primary versus multiciliogenesis and suggest that CEP164 modulates the selective transport of membrane vesicles and their cargoes into the ciliary compartment in multiciliated cells. Furthermore, our mouse model provides a useful tool to gain physiological insight into diseases associated with defective multicilia.
Cell Membrane-Associated Antigens

Transplantation of tissues and organs is a widely used technique. It can be perfor med on the same organism (autotransplantation), between organisms of the same inbred strain (syngeneic graft), between members of a normal population (allogeneic graft) or between individuals of different species (hetero- or xenograft). In the beginning, all grafts look the same. Within a few days, however, a dramatic difference becomes apparent. Only the auto- and syngeneic grafts remain normal and of healthy appearance. The alio- and xenografts become inflamed: inflammation caused by the xenograft is usually more pronounced and appears sooner. Eventually both grafts form a hard crust and are rejected. The speed of the reaction is related to the relationship between the donor and the recipient. The farther the subjects are apart phylogenetically, the faster and stronger is the reaction.
Layered dynamic regulation for improving metabolic pathway productivity in Escherichia coli .

Microbial production of value-added chemicals from biomass is a sustainable alternative to chemical synthesis. To improve product titer, yield, and selectivity, the pathways engineered into microbes must be optimized. One strategy for optimization is dynamic pathway regulation, which modulates expression of pathway-relevant enzymes over the course of fermentation. Metabolic engineers have used dynamic regulation to redirect endogenous flux toward product formation, balance the production and consumption rates of key intermediates, and suppress production of toxic intermediates until later in the fermentation. Most cases, however, have utilized a single strategy for dynamically regulating pathway fluxes. Here we layer two orthogonal, autonomous, and tunable dynamic regulation strategies to independently modulate expression of two different enzymes to improve production of D-glucaric acid from a heterologous pathway. The first strategy uses a previously described pathway-independent quorum sensing system to dynamically knock down glycolytic flux and redirect carbon into production of glucaric acid, thereby switching cells from "growth" to "production" mode. The second strategy, developed in this work, uses a biosensor for myo-inositol (MI), an intermediate in the glucaric acid production pathway, to induce expression of a downstream enzyme upon sufficient buildup of MI. The latter, pathway-dependent strategy leads to a 2.5-fold increase in titer when used in isolation and a fourfold increase when added to a strain employing the former, pathway-independent regulatory system. The dual-regulation strain produces nearly 2 g/L glucaric acid, representing the highest glucaric acid titer reported to date in Escherichia coli K-12 strains.
The Analysis of Natural Language in Psychological Treatment

For a number of years, we have conducted research designed to promote increased understanding of psychological treatment through an analysis of the language used by those who are participating in such treatment. Although our assumptions, conceptual work, and method have been shaped by work in several areas such a linguistics, psychology, and sociology, the research itself is a direct development from theorizing and earlier empirical investigations conducted by Pepinsky and his colleagues (cf. Pepinsky, 1970; Pepinsky & Karst, 1964; Pepinsky & Patton, 1971). This early work developed an interactive definition of psychological treatment (Pepinsky & Patton, 1971) which subsequently became the basis for a still developing model of counselor-client interaction and change (Patton, Fuhriman & Bieber, 1977; Pepinsky, 1974, 1984; Pepinsky & DeStefano, 1983; Rush, Pepinsky, Landry, Meara, Strong, Valley, & Young, 1974).
Causal modeling of user data from a math learning environment with game-like elements

We have created a math learning environment with game-like elements such as narrative, visual feedback, personalization, collection, etc. We made a study with four different versions of the tutor with different degree of 'game-like' and found that students preferred more 'game-like' tutor but we were not able to detect any conclusive difference in learning. Based on the data we collected through survey, logs and tests, we also built a causal model to understand the interrelationships between different student and tutor variables.
Measuring DSS Effectiveness in a Simulated Environment

This study uses a business game as a vehicle for implementing decision support systems (DSS). Fifty-Eight companies, consisting of about 300 senior graduate students participating in a business game, developed DSS and reported on the systems developed. Questionnaires were later used to evaluate a number of relevant variables: use of systems, contribution of systems, and user satisfaction. Findings, consistent with previous empirical studies, strengthen the validity of the simulation exercise as a useful tool for measuring DSS effectiveness.
Effectiveness of an infant mortality prevention home-visiting program on high-risk births in Ohio.

Objectives The Ohio Infant Mortality Reduction Initiative (OIMRI) is a home-visiting program that aims to reduce infant mortality among infants of high-risk black women. This study examined birth outcomes among OIMRI participants and compared program participants to matched non-OIMRI women. Design Program data were linked to birth records, death records, and Medicaid claims data. Propensity score matching was used to match program participants with like women in Ohio. Sample The sample consisted of 2,837 black mothers from 14 counties in Ohio. Measurements Infant mortality, causes of death, and birth weight were examined. Results There were 25 deaths among 2,837 OIMRI participants from 2010 to 2015, for an infant mortality rate of 8.8 deaths per 1,000 live births (95% CI 5.4-12.2). Among those women who participated in OIMRI, three fewer deaths per 1,000 births within the first year of life were estimated compared to those not in OIMRI; however, this was not statistically significant. Conclusions The number of infant deaths among women enrolled in the OIMRI program was not significantly different from those who did not participate in OIMRI. Programs like OIMRI cannot singlehandedly address the infant mortality disparity but may help prevent some infant mortality risks.
K+ in a Kv1.2 Channel Pore: Hydration, Selectivity, and the Role of a Conserved Threonine

ABSTRACT Quantum calculations describing transport of K+ through a Kv1.2 channel cavity, plus the lower half of the selectivity filter (SF), show hydration in the pore and cosolvation by threonine at the entrance to the SF. Comparison to calculations on Na+ ions gives the probable selectivity mechanism. A single K+ ion is calculated at five positions in its course through the cavity, and two ions calculated at three positions at the entrance to the SF. Three Na+ pairs of ions were also calculated, and one shows how an ion is trapped asymmetrically, tightly held by two threonine −OH, and with a water tightly bound ahead of it, so that overall it has a major barrier to advancing, while K+ advances with minimal barriers. In the cavity below the SF, the ion passes in a hydrated state through pore water, between the intracellular gate and the SF, until it is cosolvated by the threonines at the selectivity filter entrance. These calculations show how the ion associates with the water, and enters the SF. A characteristic arrangement of four water molecules adjacent to the SF in the KcsA channel, shown in earlier work, is now found in Kv1.2. A single ion passing through the channel cavity is found to have an energy minimum within 1 A of the K+ ion position in the 3Lut pdb structure of this channel. Properties (e.g. dipole moment) of the system are calculated. Charge transfer to the ion produces K+ charge 0.74 ≤ q(ion) ≤ 0.87 e, in different conditions. The calculations of pairs of Na+ and K+ ions at the SF entrance include the threonine, valine, and glycine of the conserved SF TVGYG sequence. The Na+/K+ difference shows a reason for the conservation of the threonine in producing selectivity, as the –OH groups trap Na+ but not K+. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Potassium channels are found in all cells, and have a characteristic selectivity filter that blocks the passage of Na+ while allowing K+ to pass. These channels are implicated in many diseases. We use quantum calculations to show how the K+ ion passes from the intracellular gate of the channel, entering the channel pore, to the selectivity filter at the extracellular end of the channel; at the selectivity filter, we use comparable calculations of K+ and Na+ to show how the channel selects K+ over Na+, as well as the probable reason for the conservation of a key residue (threonine) at the base of the selectivity filter. We find properties (e.g., charge transfer, bond order) that require quantum calculations.
Super Sensitive Phase Measurement Deflectometry with effective fringe periods beyond the MTF limit

A super-sensitive phase measuring Deflectometry technique is presented to obtain effective fringe periods beyond the MTF limit. This allows decreasing significantly the random component of the uncertainty in the measured slope.
Human cerebral organoids capture the spatiotemporal complexity and disease dynamics of UBE3A

SUMMARY Human neurodevelopment and its associated diseases are complex and challenging to study. This has driven recent excitement for human cerebral organoids (hCOs) as research and screening tools. These models are steadily proving their utility; however, it remains unclear what limits they will face in recapitulating the complexities of neurodevelopment and disease. Here we show that their utility extends to key (epi)genetic and disease processes that are complex in space and time. Specifically, hCOs capture UBE3A’s dynamically imprinted expression and subcellular localization patterns. Furthermore, given UBE3A’s direct links to Angelman Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder, we show that hCOs respond to candidate small molecule therapeutics. This work demonstrates that hCOs can provide important insights to focus the scope of mechanistic and therapeutic strategies including revealing difficult to access prenatal developmental time windows and cell types key to disease etiology.
Believing in the USA: Derrida, Melville and the Great American Charlatan

This essay considers the relationship between the prophet and the charlatan, particularly as they figure in the contemporary American political landscape. It argues that at moments of democratic po...
Quelling germ cell pluripotency on the genital ridge

The most critical step of mammalian embryogenesis in securing the future of the species comes just days after fertilization, and immediately after implantation into the uterine wall. At this time, a small subset of epiblast cells receives an inductive signal from neighboring extraembryonic tissue, the germ lineage is specified, and the resulting primordial germ cells (PGCs) are given full potential to eclipse the lifetime of the developing embryo in which they reside (1). After specification, PGCs migrate along the hindgut and through the dorsal mesentery to the genital ridge, the precursor to the gonad. Once there, PGCs commit to their germ cell fate and become encompassed by the developing gonad, where germline stem cells proliferate and ultimately undergo meiosis to produce oocytes and sperm (Fig. 1). In PNAS, Nicholls et al. (2) describe events that transpire upon PGC colonization of the genital ridge. Fig. 1. Pluripotency factors are induced upon specification of primordial germ cells (PGCs) and remain on while PGCs migrate with and through the hindgut to the primitive gonad, or genital ridge. Upon their arrival, DAZL becomes expressed and turns off pluripotency factors, committing PGCs to a germ cell fate. This journey between PGC specification and germ cell determination lasts 4 d in mice and about 3 wk in humans (3 … [↵][1]1Email: dupdike{at}mdibl.org. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) and Other Community-Engaged Research with Latinx Farmworker Communities in the Eastern United States

Latinx farmworkers constitute a vulnerable population that is poor, has low formal education, has limited access to health services, has limited English language skills, experiences discrimination, and is at risk due to lack of documentation. Farmworkers are also often a “hidden” or “hard-to-reach” population for research. This chapter argues that community-based participatory research (CBPR) and other forms of community-engaged research provide a framework for involving Latinx farmworkers in research that can result in their improved health, safety, and justice. This chapter reviews the general characteristics of community-engaged research, particularly CBPR, and presents a model for describing and evaluating this research. It reviews how community-engaged research addresses Latinx farmworker health, safety, and justice in the eastern United States. It summarizes lessons learned from community-engaged research conducted with Latinx farmworker communities. Finally, it makes recommendations to improve the conduct of community-engaged research with Latinx farmworker communities.
Immune dysfunction and immuno-modulatory therapy on sepsis

The relationship between immuno-suppression and poor prognosis of sepsis causes widely concern.Immuno-modulatory therapy is one of the research hotspots in critical medical care.Some studies have shown that to enhance the function of lymphocyte might improve the prognosis of septic patients.This paper will review the immune dysfunction and explore the value of immuno-modulatory therapy in process of sepsis. Key words: Sepsis; Immune dysfunction; Immuno-modulatory therapy
‘To be a slut is to be free’: women in favela funk, performances of racialised femininity, and celebrity media

Rio de Janeiro’s favela funk movement has been one of Brazil’s most important contemporary cultural and musical expressions. Favela funk arose out of Rio’s slums and combines diverse Brazilian and ...
Design and Evaluate the Factors for Flipped Classrooms for Data Management Courses

This Research to Practice Full Paper presents a framework to evaluate and design flipped classroom activities for data science and management courses. Variants of flipped classrooms have been employed in STEM fields with great success in students’ learning outcomes. Research shows that flipped classrooms would improve students’ learning if it is implemented following rigorous procedures of an efficient instructional design. As a result, one of the critical focus of current flipped classroom research is what factors educators need to consider when designing a flipped learning environment. Currently, educators incorporate various factors such as "pre-recorded video lecture", "group activity" as a trial and error basis and adjust these factors based on their own experience and students’ feedback. On the other hand, the emergence of big data expects a new graduate to demonstrate mastery of concepts and skills for data acquisition, management, and analysis of inference from data when they enter the workforce. Currently, there is no systematic approach available to design a flipped classroom that is for the data science and management courses. In this research, we develop a framework first to investigate and evaluate the flipped classroom factors mentioned in the literature and identify a few that are most relevant to the two data management courses at our institute. Then, we classify each course topics into broader categories. So that the flipped classroom model can be developed for each category. For the flipped classroom for each category, we identify the pre-class and in-class activities to meet a certain learning objective for that topic category for each course. To evaluate the effectiveness of different factors as well as our flipped classroom models, students’ performance data, interviews, and surveys are conducted. This process is transformative and can be employed by other STEM disciplines to find the most influential factors to design effective flipped learning classrooms.
PERIOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT OF NON-DEFERRABLE ONCOLOGIC SURGERIES DURING COVID19 PANDEMIC IN MADRID.SPAIN. IS IT SAFE?

Resumen Introduccion El tratamiento quirurgico durante la pandemia de COVID-19 es controvertido. Actualmente, la mayoria de las guias clinicas recomiendan posponer la cirugia a los pacientes durante la pandemia de COVID-19, aunque los datos de apoyo son escasos. Asumimos que un hospital sin COVID-19, apoyado en fuertes medidas de aislamiento y examenes de deteccion especificos, podria reducir las complicaciones y nos permitiria continuar tratando a pacientes de alto riesgo. Metodos Estudio prospectivo con analisis retrospectivo de 355 pacientes sometidos a cirugia oncologica no diferible entre el 16 de marzo de 2020 y el 14 de abril de 2020 en nuestra institucion. El objetivo del estudio fue valorar la reestructuracion hospitalaria y de los protocolos quirurgicos para poder manejar con seguridad las cirugias no diferibles durante la primera ola de pandemia por COVID-19. Implementamos cambios estructurales y un protocolo anestesico-quirurgico actualizado para aislar a los pacientes con COVID-19 de otros pacientes quirurgicos. Se realizo una evaluacion exhaustiva dirigida a detectar pacientes con COVID-19. Se solicitaron pruebas de PCR para pacientes sospechosos de COVID-19. Analizamos la mortalidad y las complicaciones relacionadas tanto con la cirugia como con la COVID-19 durante el ingreso hospitalario y tambien a los 15 dias y al mes de la cirugia. Comparamos nuestros resultados con una muestra de pacientes similar en el periodo pre-pandemia. Resultados De los 355 pacientes incluidos en nuestro estudio, 21 fueron eliminados debido a la infeccion por COVID-19, lo que deja un total de 334 pacientes en nuestro analisis final. Se encontraron complicaciones postoperatorias en 37 pacientes (11,07%). Dos pacientes fallecieron tras la cirugia (0,6%). Al final del estudio se detectaron resultados adversos relacionados con COVID-19 en 6 pacientes (1,79%). Al comparar las complicaciones de nuestra muestra original con las que ocurrieron en la era pre-COVID-19, no encontramos diferencias estadisticamente significativas. Conclusiones Nuestros resultados muestran que el tratamiento quirurgico de los pacientes oncologicos durante la pandemia de COVID-19 es seguro, siempre que el hospital realice cirugias bajo estrictas medidas de aislamiento y un metodo de deteccion robusto. Es necesario seleccionar hospitales libres de COVID-19 con este objetivo en esta y futuras pandemias.
Mass Casualty and the Role of the Anesthesiologist

The anesthesiologist, upon completion of their training, is expected to be the liaison to the operating room and the patient. Key components of the anesthesiologist's training and daily routine make them an ideal participant and leader when it comes to their potential involvement in a mass casualty event. Airway expertise, vascular access, ongoing triage, hemodynamic vigilance, resuscitation, and real-time adaptation to a changing and critical care environment are a few of the skills that encompass the daily routine and value the anesthesiologist brings to an emergency management team.
Testing the effects of Facebook usage in an ethnically polarized setting

Despite the belief that social media is altering intergroup dynamics-bringing people closer or further alienating them from one another-the impact of social media on interethnic attitudes has yet to be rigorously evaluated, especially within areas with tenuous interethnic relations. We report results from a randomized controlled trial in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), exploring the effects of exposure to social media during 1 wk around genocide remembrance in July 2019 on a set of interethnic attitudes of Facebook users. We find evidence that, counter to preregistered expectations, people who deactivated their Facebook profiles report lower regard for ethnic outgroups than those who remained active. Moreover, we present additional evidence suggesting that this effect is likely conditional on the level of ethnic heterogeneity of respondents' residence. We also extend the analysis to include measures of subjective well-being and knowledge of news. Here, we find that Facebook deactivation leads to suggestive improvements in subjective wellbeing and a decrease in knowledge of current events, replicating results from recent research in the United States in a very different context, thus increasing our confidence in the generalizability of these effects.
Bovine Viral Diarrhea

Bovine viral diarrhea virus is the most important viral pathogen of the bovine fetus. After birth it is responsible for two clinically dissimilar conditions: BVD and mucosal disease. It also causes significant losses as a result of its interaction with other pathogens, enhancing their morbidity in dual infections. Currently available prophylactic vaccines may be inadequate because they are not totally safe or afford incomplete protection; Our understanding of the pathogenesis of BVD virus infections in cattle is in a very dynamic state at the present time, as a result of work carried out by several groups (1-5). In contrast, progress in areas such as the molecular events of virus replication, the antigenic structure of the virus and the specificity of the immune response of the host has been slower.
The Pursuit of Health Equity and Equality in Urologic Oncology: Where We Have Been and Where We Are Going.

Abstract Context Advances in urologic oncology have improved early detection, treatment options, and health outcomes; however, racial/ethnic minorities continue to experience disparities in cancer incidence and survival. Research evaluating the optimal methods for closing these disparity gaps is under-reported. Objective To highlight critical disparities in equity and equality in urologic oncology and identify ways in which health care professionals can reduce these disparities among disproportionately affected groups through a health equity–focused framework. Evidence acquisition A literature search was performed using EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PubMed. Articles were included if they were published in English from 1980 to 2021 and addressed barriers and health care disparities in urologic cancer care in racial/ethnic minorities. The same search was conducted to look at barriers and disparities according to gender and to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning, intersex, or asexual (LGBTQIA) identity, and among immigrant populations. Evidence synthesis Racial/ethnic minorities in the USA are less likely to be screened for urologic cancers, are less likely to have an early diagnosis of cancer, and have a higher mortality rate than their white counterparts. In addition, major European and North American clinical trials lack proper representation of diverse populations, leading to a knowledge gap regarding effective methods for addressing cancer health disparities. Conclusions Continued medical advances have increased the efficacy of screening, diagnosis, and treatment of urologic cancers, but there remain significant well-documented disparities in the receipt of these advances among racial/ethnic minorities, women, LGBTQIA individuals, and immigrant populations. Multidisciplinary efforts are needed to address and ultimately eliminate these gaps. Patient summary We analyzed several studies to understand current disparities in cancer screening, diagnosis, and health outcomes across under-represented populations. We found that under-represented populations have worse outcomes than their white counterparts diagnosed with cancer. We conclude that the best way to address these disparities is through a multidisciplinary approach that involves engagement at the individual, community, research, and institutional levels to provide the best care possible to each individual patient.
Ethernet: A Direct Link Network with Media Access Control

This chapter describes the operation of the Ethernet network. It examines the performance of the Ethernet network under different scenarios. It is observed that the Ethernet is a working example of the more general Carrier Sense, Multiple Access with Collision Detect (CSMA/CD) local area network technology. Ethernet is a multiple-access network that means a set of nodes sends and receives frames over a shared link. The “carrier sense” in CSMA/CD refers that all the nodes can distinguish between an idle and a busy link. The “collision detect” means that a node listens as it transmits and can therefore detect when a frame it is transmitting has interfered with a frame transmitted by another node. The Ethernet is said to be a 1-persistent protocol because an adaptor with a frame to send transmits with probability 1 whenever a busy line goes idle. The chapter also explores how throughput of the network is affected by the network load as well as the size of the packets.
A slice-based decision procedure for type-based partial orders

Automated software verification and path-sensitive program analysis require the ability to distinguish executable program paths from those that are infeasible. To achieve this, program paths are encoded symbolically as a conjunction of constraints and submitted to an SMT solver; satisfiable path constraints are then analyzed further. In this paper, we study type-related constraints that arise in path-sensitive analysis of object-oriented programs with forms of multiple inheritance. The dynamic type of a value is critical in determining program branching related to dynamic dispatch, type casting, and explicit type tests. We develop a custom decision procedure for queries in a theory of type-based partial orders and show that the procedure is sound and complete, has low complexity, and is amenable to integration into an SMT framework. We present an empirical evaluation that demonstrates the speed and robustness of our procedure relative to Z3.
Galvanic Corrosion of High Temperature Low Sag Aluminum Conductor Composite Core and Conventional Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced Overhead High Voltage Conductors

A High-Temperature Low-Sag Aluminum Conductor Composite Core (ACCC) bare overhead transmission line conductor utilizing a load bearing unidirectional carbon and glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite rod was evaluated for potential galvanic corrosion problems. A series of corrosion tests were performed in 0.5 M NaCl aqueous solution at room temperature, and at 85 $^{\circ}{\rm C}$ . The corrosion performance of the ACCC conductor was compared to a conventional Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced (ACSR) conductor. The bi-metallic ACSR design suffers inherently from galvanic corrosion, while the ACCC design does not develop galvanic corrosion unless its fiberglass composite galvanic corrosion barrier is compromised. Even with a severely compromised barrier in the ACCC conductor, the measured galvanic corrosion rate of the aluminum in the ACCC conductor was much lower than the galvanic corrosion rate measured in the ACSR conductor.