cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Experience of Being an Older Staff Nurse

The nursing workforce is aging at an unprecedented rate, yet we know very little about the experiences of older staff nurses. A qualitative design with purposeful sampling was used to describe the experience of being an older staff nurse. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with 11 staff nurses over the age of 55 who were employed at least part-time in six hospitals located in the southeastern United States. Data analysis was guided by a feminist perspective utilizing the voice-centered relational method developed by Brown and Gilligan. Study findings demonstrate that older nurses are working because they continue to care, despite the stressors of intergenerational conflict with younger nurses, less respect from patients and families, and inequity in pay. Older nurses are confident in their abilities and are capable of meeting the demands of hospital nursing.
La “Carta pras icamiabas”: o la falta de carácter de un héroe imperial

In Mario de Andrade's second novel, Macunaima (1928), one comes across a very unique and dissonant letter addressed to the Icamiabas, or Amazon women; the letter is, signed by the hero of the saga, the "hero without any character". Transformed into the Emperor of the Virgin Jungle, Macunaima addresses his subjects in a letter in which Andrade parodies the written discourse and postcolonial rhetoric of national lettered elites. That epistolary text might be constructively read as an example of the type of "writing" that "emerges between mimesis and mimicry", to say it with Homi Bhabha; a writing that defies the "the epic intention of the civilizing mission". In Andrade's novel-rhapsody, the letter constitutes, in addition, a moment of the hero's metamorphoses, the first of a linguistic nature, and an enthronization, that is to say, a moment previous to the carnivalesque desenthronization.
A randomized controlled clinical trial of real-time needle-guided ultrasound for internal jugular venous cannulation in a large university anesthesia department

Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate needle-guided ultrasound for internal jugular venous cannulation in a large university anesthesia department, to determine cumulative cannulation success by method, to determine first-pass cannulation success by method and operator, and to determine arterial puncture by method and operator. Study design : Prospective, observational, and randomized. Blinding was not possible. Cohort size was calculated for 80% power to detect a technique difference, with significance defined as p Setting : Operating rooms of the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. Participants : Elective surgical patients requiring internal jugular venous cannulation. Interventions : Cannulation of the internal jugular vein occurred by needle-guided ultrasound (NGU) or by ultrasound without a needle guide. Main results : Four hundred thirty-four procedures were studied in 429 patients. NGU significantly enhances cannulation success after first (68.9%-80.9%, p = 0.0054) and second (80.0%-93.1%, p = 0.0001) needle passes. Cumulative cannulation success by the seventh needle pass is 100%, regardless of technique. The needle-guide specifically improves first-pass success in the junior operator (65.6%-79.8%, p = 0.0144). Arterial puncture averages 4.2%, regardless of technique ( p > 0.05) or operator ( p > 0.05). Conclusions : Although the needle guide facilitates prompt cannulation with ultrasound in the novice operator, it offers no additional protection against arterial puncture. This may be because of a lack of control of needle depth rather than needle direction. A possible solution may be biplanar ultrasound for central venous cannulation.
Nucleosome Interaction Surface of Linker Histone H1c Is Distinct from That of H10

The fully organized structure of the eukaryotic nucleosome remains unsolved, in part due to limited information regarding the binding site of the H1 or linker histone. The central globular domain of H1 is believed to interact with the nucleosome core at or near the dyad and to bind at least two strands of DNA. We utilized site-directed mutagenesis and in vivo photobleaching to identify residues that contribute to the binding of the globular domain of the somatic H1 subtype H1c to the nucleosome. As was previously observed for the H10 subtype, the binding residues for H1c are clustered on the surface of one face of the domain. Despite considerable structural conservation between the globular domains of these two subtypes, the locations of the binding sites identified for H1c are distinct from those of H10. We suggest that the globular domains of these two linker histone subtypes will bind to the nucleosome with distinct orientations that may contribute to higher order chromatin structure heterogeneity or to differences in dynamic interactions with other DNA or chromatin-binding proteins.
Infiltration Through Disturbed Urban Soils

Prior research by Pitt (1987) examined runoff losses from paved and roofed surfaces in urban areas and showed significant losses at these surfaces during the s…
Problems that deans face

Summary If there be good news in this story, it is like that embodied in the Chinese ideogram for crisis, which consists of the sign for danger plus that for opportunity. We are entering a time when deans, pressured by declining resources, will seize any opportunity to identify dross and prune it from their schools. They and each of us must recognize the highest quality personnel and activities that we have and nurture them. Discarding the rest will lead to improvement; after all, if a thing is not worth doing, it is not worth doing well. Those who value the educational enterprise—and I think all of us dermatologists, having thrived through our years of formal educational experience that have brought us where we are, do value it—must be among those who come to its defense. This is our chance to show, as leaders, what wise choices, effective leadership, and hard work can accomplish. Let's be at it!
On-line arithmetic for DSP applications

An overview of the principles and features of online arithmetic is given. Applications of online arithmetic in signal processing are discussed, with an emphasis on matrix computations. >
Degradation Mechanisms of La – Sr – Co – Fe – O3 SOFC Cathodes

The long-term stability of anode-supported YSZ electrolyte SOFCs utilizing (La0.6Sr0.4)0.98Co0.2Fe0.8O3-? (LSCF-6428) cathodes was assessed. Samples tested for 500 hours at 750 C and 0.7V indicated ?50% degradation. While scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis indicated no obvious microstructural or chemical phenomena that could explain the high degradation, x-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that enrichment of Sr at the cathode-electrolyte and cathode-current collector interfaces was at least partially responsible for the observed degradation.
Advances in high-repetition-rate ultrashort gigawatt laser systems for time-resolved spectroscopy

The evolution of lasers from their early conception to a general laboratory tool has been earmarked by periodic quantum jumps in the technology. Such advances include tunability, high peak power, and ultra-short temporal pulses. In this paper we describe an ultra-short laser system incorporating all of the above qualities while achieving kilohertz repetition rates. This system uses an approach based on a unique class of solid state multi-pass optical amplifiers known as regenerative amplifiers. We specifically present details of a 250 fsec tunable gigawatt laser system capable of operating at 3 kHz repetition rate. This system is based on cw-pumping technology and Nd:YLF pump lasers. A general review of other high repetition rate systems is also discussed and contrasted. Preliminary results are presented on a titanium sapphire regenerative amplifier.
Comparison of echocardiographic acoustic quantification with off-line manual tracing for determining left ventricular volume and ejection fraction in pediatric patients

Echocardiographic measurement of left ventricular systolic and diastolic volume and ejection fraction in pediatric patients by acoustic quantification using automated border methods compares well with measurements done by manual trace. The time necessary for completion of measurements was similar for the two methods.
Some ethical reflections on cyberstalking

The present study examines a range of moral issues associated with recent cyberstalking cases. Particular attention is centered on the Amy Boyer/ Liam Youens case of cyberstalking, which raises a host of considerations that we believe have a significant impact for ethical behavior on the Internet. Among the questions we consider are those having to do with personal privacy and the use of certain kinds of Internet search facilities to stalk individuals in cyberspace. Also considered are questions having to do with legal liability and (possible) moral responsibility that Internet Service Providers (ISPs) have for stalking crimes that occur in their "space" on the Internet. Finally, we examine issues of moral responsibility for individual online users to determine which obligations, if any, they might have to inform persons who are targeted by cyberstalkers, when it is in their power to do so.
Capacity expansion planning through augmented Lagrangian optimization and scenario decomposition

Stochastic programming is a typical method for addressing the uncertainties in capacity expansion planning problem. However, the corresponding deterministic equivalent model is often intractable with considerable number of uncertainty scenarios especially for stochastic integer programming (SIP) based formulations. In this article, a hybrid solution framework consisting of augmented Lagrangian optimization and scenario decomposition algorithm is proposed to solve the SIP problem. The method divides the solution procedure into two phases, where traditional linearization based decomposition strategy and global optimization technique are applied to solve the relaxation problem successively. Using the proposed solution framework, a feasible solution of the original problem can be obtained after the first solution phase whereas the optimal solution is obtained after the second solution phase. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified through a numerical example of two stage stochastic integer program and the capacity expansion planning examples. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Yoke flux reversal time in thin-film write heads

A simple method is described for measuring the time dependency of the magnetization reversal process in the yoke of thin-film inductive write heads. Measurement results are given for an experimental head, showing close agreement with earlier published, calculated data.
Quantitative determination of saquinavir from Caco-2 cell monolayers by HPLC-UV

The validation and quantitative determination of the protease inhibitor, saquinavir, from confluent Caco-2 monolayers and from aqueous solution is reported. The high performance liquid chromatographic method consisted of an Ultramex 5 C(8) reverse-phase column (250 x 4.6 mm i.d.) and a mobile phase of acetonitrile:water:triethylamine (55:44:1, v/v/v, pH 6.5). Samples were analyzed using an ultraviolet detector at 238 nm, and diltiazem hydrochloride (66 micro g/mL) was used as an internal standard. A linear response over a broad concentration range (0.4-8.0 micro g/mL, r(2) = 0.997) was obtained. The limit of detection and quantitation was set at 0.14 and 0.4 micro g/mL, respectively. Over a 4 day period, the intra-day and inter-day precision ranged from 1 to 7% with a mean of 4%, and from 1 to 2% with a mean of 1.5%, respectively. Bench-top and storage stability of saquinavir was found to be satisfactory. The permeability of saquinavir through Caco-2 monolayers was estimated using this assay.
Reliability of Structures

This chapter represents a brief review of the concepts of the reliability of structures. Some closed form solutions, as well as approximate methods are elucidated. Different attempts to describe probabilistically the so-called “safety factor” are provided as well as and some instructive counter-examples are given.
Observations Relating to the Transverse and Longitudinal Modes of a Ruby Laser

Observations of the light intensity variations across the partially transmitting face of a laser crystal operated near threshold are reported. The intensity variation patterns are suggestive of the modes of a cylindrical microwave cavity and are believed to be closely related to the transverse modes of the optical resonator. Preliminary polarization studies indicated that patterns with only a twofold symmetry axis are linearly polarized, whereas others are unpolarized. The pattern sizes range between approximately 170 and 850 μ. The divergence of the emerging beam (several milliradians) decreased with increasing resonator length. Fabry-Perot analysis showed only one excited longitudinal mode for a 1-cm long resonator, but the number increased with the resonator length.
Effects of Phonemic Awareness Training on Low- and Middle-Achieving First Graders' Phonemic Awareness and Reading Ability

This study investigated the effect of phonemic awareness training on the phonemic awareness and reading ability of low- and middle-achieving first-grade readers (N=19). Random assignment was made to one control group and three experimental: phonemic skill training only (“skill and drill”), phonemic skill training plus decoding (“semi-conceptual”), and phonemic skill training plus decoding and reading (“conceptual”). Outcome measures included tests of segmentation, deletion, deletion and substitution, and both standardized and informal tests of reading. Results indicated no significant differences among the experimental and control groups on measures of phonemic awareness (segmentation excepted) or reading. Findings also revealed that training that provided subjects with a conceptual connection between phonemic skills and reading was generally ineffective for low readers. These results suggest that phonemic awareness training for low- and middle-achieving beginning readers may not be unequivocally beneficial.
An Overview of Application of Coal Mine Ground Control Techniques in the USA

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of application of coal mine ground control techniques in the USA. Coal mine ground control is the science of application of rock mechanics techniques and principles to coal-mining operations, and as practiced in US underground, coal-mining operations in its present form is very much an art, mainly because the construction materials, namely, rock strata and coal seam, are not tailor-made as in other engineering disciplines, rather they are being used in their natural forms, which are rarely known in advance to the mine designers or coal operators. Many ground control problems are localized, that is, they occur in this mine but are never heard of in adjacent mines; they appear in one section of a mine but disappear in adjacent sections. In many cases, they occur in one or more pillar blocks but are not a problem in adjacent pillar. Under this condition, it is very difficult to design one system safely and economically for all possible conditions. As coal mining is a business activity, it requires continuous production of the highest efficiency, which demands high rates of face advance.
Altered neurotransmitter expression profile in the ganglionic bowel in Hirschsprung's disease

Abstract Purpose Despite having optimal pull-through (PT) surgery for Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR), many patients experience persistent bowel symptoms with no mechanical/histopathological cause. Murine models of HSCR suggest that expression of key neurotransmitters is unbalanced proximal to the aganglionic colonic segment. We aimed to investigate expression of key enteric neurotransmitters in the colon of children with HSCR. Methods Full-length PT specimens were collected fresh from children with HSCR (n=10). Control specimens were collected at colostomy closure from children with anorectal malformation (n=8). The distributions of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and substance P (SP) were evaluated using immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Neurotransmitter quantification was with Western blot analysis. Results ChAT expression was high in aganglionic bowel and transition zone but reduced in ganglionic bowel in HSCR relative to controls. Conversely, nNOS expression was markedly reduced in aganglionic bowel but high in ganglionic bowel in HSCR relative to controls. VIP expression was similar in ganglionic HSCR and control colon. SP expression was similar in all tissue types. Conclusion Imbalance of key excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the ganglionic bowel in HSCR may explain the basis of bowel dysmotility after an optimal pull-through operation in some patients.
Why does tropical convective available potential energy (CAPE) increase with warming

Author(s): Seeley, JT; Romps, DM | Abstract: Recent work has produced a theory for tropical convective available potential energy (CAPE) that highlights the Clausius-Clapeyron (CC) scaling of the atmosphere's saturation deficit as a driver of increases in CAPE with warming. Here we test this so-called "zero-buoyancy" theory for CAPE by modulating the saturation deficit of cloud-resolving simulations of radiative-convective equilibrium in two ways: changing the sea surface temperature (SST) and changing the environmental relative humidity (RH). For earthlike and warmer SSTs, undilute parcel buoyancy in the lower troposphere is insensitive to increasing SST because of a countervailing CC scaling that balances the increase in the saturation deficit; however, buoyancy increases dramatically with SST in the upper troposphere. Conversely, in the RH experiment, undilute buoyancy throughout the troposphere increases monotonically with decreasing RH. We show that the zero-buoyancy theory successfully predicts these contrasting behaviors, building confidence that it describes the fundamental physics of CAPE and its response to warming.
Attenuation of beams with orbital angular momentum for underwater communication systems

Beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) have been shown to possess unique properties in scattering environments. However, a limited source of quantifiable data is available on the propagation properties of these beams through turbid water in the context of underwater optical communication systems. In this work we investigate differences in attenuation between beams with and without OAM in line-of-sight geometries.
Silicon Surface Passivation for Heteroepitaxy by Hydrogen Termination

Results are reported for XPS and LEED evaluations of Si(100) wafers cleaned, etched, andhydrogen terminated by various low — temperature, wet — chemical techniques. We have obtained especially promising results with the JPL spin — etch technique. Under quite practical tolerances for the spin etch, our XPS measurements indicate about lx10-2 monolayer (ML) of total residue. The LEED showed sharp spots in a (1x1) pattern. We review our experimental results and suggest an interpretation in termsof both the chemistry of silicon surfaces in contact with HF in a polar solvent, and thehydrodynamics of liquids on spinning surfaces.
Structure, Energy, and Electronic Properties of the Σ = 13 {510} Tilt Grain Boundary Structure In Si

We have examined a variety of structures for the {510} symmetric tilt boundary in Si, using first-principles calculations. These calculations show that the observed structure in Si is the lowest energy structure. This structure is more complicated than what is necessary to preserve four-fold coordination. We compare the results to classical and tight-binding models, in order to test these empirical approaches.
THE PHYSICS OF EXPLOSIVE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS.Edited by J.S. Gilbert and R.S.J. Sparks. Geological Society, London, Special Publication No. 145, 1998. 186 p., £59.

A review, consisting of 8 papers with 120 illustrations, this book aims to present an outline of the editors’ current understanding of several aspects of the physics of volcanic eruptions. The aspects covered include the physical characterization of silicic magma relevant to explosive volcanism, vesiculation of silicic magmas, conduit flow and fragmentation, gas loss from magmas during eruption, observations and models of eruption columns, tephra dispersal, pyroclastic density currents, and future research directions. By no means a complete outline nor one that reflects all important issues regarding explosive volcanic eruption physics, the papers in this book reflect the research interests of the group of writers chosen for this review. As such there is a notable bias towards eruption of silicic magmas, which is fair considering that these magmas are perhaps the most common in explosive magmatic eruptions. Readers will find this book to be a useful guide to issues that have been recent topics of considerable attention in volcano physics. Because of the generous citation of background research, each paper in itself is an excellent starting point for students and professionals to rapidly grasp the salient topics, those that have experimental and theoretical as well as observational basis for discussion. The book begins with a discussion of future research directions in the physics of explosive volcanic eruptions by the editors, J.S. Gilbert and R.S.J. Sparks. The authors present a useful table outlining research topics and important problems to solve. They address these research topics with respect …
Use of Transvaginal Ultrasound-Guided Puncture for Elimination of Equine Pregnancies

Twinning is a major cause of abortion in mares. Although early management of twins is quite successful, twins that remain after 40 days are difficult to manage. This article reviews the current knowledge of the use of transvaginal ultrasound probe for elimination of twins. Several techniques are presented, as well as discussion on the best time during gestation for this technique to be used.
KINETICS OF ALTERATIONS IN BRAIN CYCLIC AMP LEVELS DURING ETHANOL TREATMENT AND WITHDRAWAL

Changes in 3″,5″-cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels in four gross brain areas were determined during ethanol treatment and withdrawal. Female Sprague-Dawley rats, 90–110 g, were given three daily doses of ethanol (15–20 g/kg/day, i.g.). At selected intervals during ethanol treatment and withdrawal, brains were rapidly frozen by placing whole animals in liquid nitrogen-cooled freon. cAMP was subsequently determined in acid extracts of lyophilized brain with a protein binding assay. Control levels of cAMP in pmoles/mg dry weight were: cortex, 7.1 ± 1.0; cerebellum, 7.1±1. 1; midbrain, 9.8±1. 1; pons-medulla, 8.2 ± 1.0. In all brain areas, cAMP levels were decreased by E treatment, although levels in the cortex tended to rise after the initial decrease. Following termination of E treatment, cAMP levels returned to the normal range. In the cortex, changes in cAMP levels during the withdrawal reaction correlated temporally with the intensity if hyperactivity.
Brauer Factor Sets and Noether Factor Sets

In this chapter we consider the main classical results of the structure theory of central division algebras and more generally of central simple algebras over arbitrary fields. These center on two closely related problems: the determination of the algebras and the structure of the Brauer group Br(F) of a field F.
Encouraging college student active engagement in learning: Student response methods and anonymity

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of anonymity in encouraging college students to be more cognitively engaged in lectures. Kinesiology majors from three universities were asked to respond to questions during two consecutive lectures using response methods of opposing degrees of anonymity, one using ‘clickers’ and the other using hand-raising. Participation and comprehension rates were statistically significantly different following the use of the different response methods (*p = 0.000 and *p < 0.001, respectively). Participant survey responses revealed insight into student perceptions regarding the role of anonymity in encouraging their cognitive engagement during each of the lectures. From participant comments, four major dimensions emerged suggesting the anonymity of using clickers (a) increased participation; (b) influenced cognitive engagement; (c) allowed for normative comparisons and (d) allowed for more processing time.
Protein Phosphatase 2A in the Regulation of Wnt Signaling, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Protein phosphorylation is a ubiquitous cellular process that allows for the nuanced and reversible regulation of protein activity. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a heterotrimeric serine-threonine phosphatase-composed of a structural, regulatory, and catalytic subunit-that controls a variety of cellular events via protein dephosphorylation. While much is known about PP2A and its basic biochemistry, the diversity of its components-especially the multitude of regulatory subunits-has impeded the determination of PP2A function. As a consequence of this complexity, PP2A has been shown to both positively and negatively regulate signaling networks such as the Wnt pathway. Wnt signaling modulates major developmental processes, and is a dominant mediator of stem cell self-renewal, cell fate, and cancer stem cells. Because PP2A affects Wnt signaling both positively and negatively and at multiple levels, further understanding of this complex dynamic may ultimately provide insight into stem cell biology and how to better treat cancers that result from alterations in Wnt signaling. This review will summarize literature that implicates PP2A as a tumor suppressor, explore PP2A mutations identified in human malignancy, and focus on PP2A in the regulation of Wnt signaling and stem cells so as to better understand how aberrancy in this pathway can contribute to tumorigenesis.
Building powerful community organizations: A personal guide to creating groups that can solve problems and change the world

How do you change the world? Michael Jacoby Brown urges readers to consider his approach, that you can change the world by building powerful community organizations. The author described his book a...
Abstract 183: Factors Associated With Hospital Readmissions Following Myocardial Infarction in Southern Appalachia

Objective: Identify factors associated with readmissions following myocardial infarction. Background: The Hospital Readmission Reduction Program, implemented in 2012 under the Affordable Care Act, ...
A numerical and experimental investigation of convective heat transfer during laser-powder bed fusion

Abstract Parts fabricated using additive manufacturing (AM) methods, such as laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF), receive highly localized heat fluxes from a laser within a purged, inert environment during manufacture. These heat fluxes are used for melting metal powder feedstock, while remaining energy is transferred to the solidified part and adjoining gas environment. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the local heat transfer between the adjoining shielding gas, laser-induced melt pool and surrounding heat affected zone is estimated. Simulations are performed for the L-PBF of a single layer of Ti-6Al-4 V. Local temperature, temperature gradients, temperature time-rates-of-change (including cooling rates), as well as dimensionless numbers descriptive of important thermophysics, are provided in order to quantify local convective heat transfer for various laser/gas motion directions. Results demonstrate that L-PBF track heat transfer is highly dependent on relative gas/laser direction which can impact the prior β grain sizes in Ti-6Al-4 V material by up to 10%. It is found that when the laser and gas are moving in the same direction, convection heat transfer is the highest and a ‘leading thermal boundary layer’ exists in front of the laser which is capable of preheating downstream powder for a possible reduction in residual stress formation along the track. Presented results can aid ongoing L-PBF modeling efforts and assist manufacturing design decisions (e.g. scan strategy, laser power, scanning speed, etc.) – especially for cases where homogeneous or controlled material traits are desired.
Continued Improvements in Quadriceps Strength and Biomechanical Symmetry of the Knee After Postoperative Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Rehabilitation: Is It Time to Reconsider the 6-Month Return-to-Activity Criteria?

Context: Patients who undergo anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) present with strength and biomechanical deficits at return to activity (RTA). Deficits in strength and biomechanical symmetry impair function during activity and may predispose patients to subsequent injury. Objective: To compare strength and biomechanical function in patients with ACLR at RTA and more than 12 months post-ACLR. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 20 participants (12 females, 8 males; age = 21.40 ± 5.60 years, height = 171.3 ± 10.2 cm, mass = 73.21 ± 19.41 kg) who had undergone ACLR and were cleared to RTA were recruited. Intervention(s): Strength was measured during knee extension and evaluated by the isometric and isokinetic quadriceps index. Biomechanical function was evaluated using symmetry values for sagittal-plane knee-joint rotations, changes in sagittal-plane knee-joint rotation, knee-extension moments, and changes in knee-...
Precipitation Strengthening in Non-Stoichiometric Mg-Al Spinel

Non-stoichiometric Mg-Al spinel (MgO: 3.5 Al2O3), when decomposed at 850° for different times, form several metastable intermediate precipitates prior to the formation of the equilibrium corrundum phase. Knoop hardness and four point bending strengths have been measured at room temperature and show two maxima as a function of ageing time. Electron microscopic studies indicated that the first (short time) peak is associated with a pre-precipitation stage (Guinier-Preston zones?) and the second with the precipitation of the intermediate phases.
Quadratic Euclidean Rings

We consider some preliminary illustrations of how the algebraic structures of Chapter 2 impinge on computability oriented results. The ad hoc methods used here shall be formalized in later chapters.
Subcategories of Filter Tower Spaces

The concept of a convergence tower space, or equivalently, a convergence approach space is formulated here in the context of a Cauchy setting in order to include a completion theory. Subcategories of filter tower spaces are defined in terms of axioms involving a general t-norm, T, in order to include a broad range of spaces. A T-regular sequence for a filter tower space is defined and, moreover, it is shown that the category of T-regular objects is a bireflective subcategory of all filter tower spaces. A completion theory for subcategories of filter tower spaces is given.
Parathyroid hormone and 1.25 vitamin D3 exert opposite effects on bone.

Histologic studies of bone in patients with hyperparathyroid bone disease reveal that the hallmark of the pathologic changes is an increase in bone forming and resorbing cells (1,2). In contrast, administration of vitamin D to patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism results in a decrease in number of bone forming and resorbing cells (3). Based on these data we advanced the hypothesis that vitamin D and parathyroid hormone may have opposite effects on bone i.e., parathyroid hormone induces an increase and 1.25 Vit D3 a decrease in number of bane cells. This hypothesis was tested in an animal model in which experimental beagle dogs were rendered deficient in 1.25 Vit D3 and parathyroid hormone by 5/6 nephrectomy and thyroparathyroidectany. Thyroid hormone was replaced and then both parathyroid hormone and 1.25 Vit D3 were exogenously substituted to produce all combinations between the two hormones, i.e., 1.25D+/PTH+ (n=5), 1. 25D−/PTH− (n=7), 1.25D+/PTH− (n=9), 1.25D−/PTH+ (n=5). Six normal control dogs were sham operated and injected with vehicle. Bone biopsies were done after eight months of experimental administration of these hormones. Histomorphometry of bone for static and dynamic parameters of bone cells revealed that deficiency in parathyroid hormone results in a decrease in the number of bone forming and resorbing cells. This decrease in cell number was observed independent of the presence or absence of deficiency in 1.25 Vit D3. In addition, administration of parathyroid hormone increased the number of bane cells independent of the status in 1.25 Vit D3. In contrast, deficiency in 1.25 Vit D3 resulted in a decreased cellular activity without an alteration in cell number and administration of 1.25 Vit D3 increased the cellular activity without an increase in numbers of bone cells.
Vitamin E and antioxidant interactions in biological systems

Vitamin E is the collective name for a group of naturally-occurring tocopherols and tocotrienols found abundantly in plants, especially in plant oils (Sheppard et al., 1993). Both tocopherols and tocotrienols have a chromanol head group and a phytyl side chain. Differing methyl substitutions around the aromatic ring of the head group determine whether a tocopherol or a tocotrienol is designated alpha, beta, gamma, or delta (α, β, γ or δ) (Packer, 1994). The tocotrienols and tocopherols thus designated have identical structures in the chromanol nucleus but the hydrophobic tail, which anchors vitamin E molecules into membranes or in lipoproteins, differs. In tocotrienols, there are three unsaturated linkages in the tail, whereas in tocopherols it is fully saturated. It is not surprising that some of the biological actions of tocotrienols and tocopherols differ because of this structural difference.
Retinoic acid and BMP4 cooperate with p63 to alter chromatin dynamics during surface epithelial commitment

Human embryonic stem cell (hESC) differentiation promises advances in regenerative medicine1–3, yet conversion of hESCs into transplantable cells or tissues remains poorly understood. Using our keratinocyte differentiation system, we employ a multi-dimensional genomics approach to interrogate the contributions of inductive morphogens retinoic acid and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and the epidermal master regulator p63 (encoded by TP63)4,5 during surface ectoderm commitment. In contrast to other master regulators6–9, p63 effects major transcriptional changes only after morphogens alter chromatin accessibility, establishing an epigenetic landscape for p63 to modify. p63 distally closes chromatin accessibility and promotes accumulation of H3K27me3 (trimethylated histone H3 lysine 27). Cohesin HiChIP10 visualizations of chromosome conformation show that p63 and the morphogens contribute to dynamic long-range chromatin interactions, as illustrated by TFAP2C regulation11. Our study demonstrates the unexpected dependency of p63 on morphogenetic signaling and provides novel insights into how a master regulator can specify diverse transcriptional programs based on the chromatin landscape induced by exposure to specific morphogens.
Learning Sheaf Laplacians from Smooth Signals

Cellular sheaves are a mathematical structure specifying consistency relations for data associated to vertices and edges of a graph, generalizing connection graphs and matrix weighted graphs. We consider the problem of learning such a sheaf from a collection of highly consistent or smooth signals associated to the vertices of the underlying graph.
A Concise Synthesis of Fumagillol.

A 13-step synthesis of (±)-fumagillol (1), the direct precursor of the potent angiogenesis inhibitors TNP-470 and fumagillin, from crotonaldehyde, diethylamine, and acrolein (see the scheme) has been achieved. The synthesis features a remarkable hetero-Claisen rearrangement. Small-molecule inhibitors of angiogenesis are promising chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases.
William McKinley Runyan in Interview with Claude-Hélène Mayer; September 27, 2018

This interview follows my autobiographical chapter in this volume, “Adventures in Psychobiography and the Study of Lives: A Personal Journey”. In earlier work, I had explored “Alternatives to Psychobiography” and “Reconceptualizing the Relationships Between History and Psychology” (Runyan, 1988a, b). Interview responses draw on recent reading on interesting developments in psychobiography. Examples include Irvin Yalom, psychiatrist at Stanford, publishing on psychotherapy, historical novels about eminent philosophers, and most recently a memoir. A second fascinating life is that of Kay Redfield Jamison, researcher on manic depression, and autobiographer of her own struggles with manic depression. A third example is Eric R. Kandel, trained in both psychoanalysis and neuroscience, striving to integrate the two throughout his Nobel Prize-winning career.
Important Differences in Pulmonary Diseases

Disparities in outcomes for pulmonary diseases are the most evident of all chronic diseases. Because of disproportional poverty and urban living, African Americans have an increased exposure to indoor and outdoor pollution, occupational and environmental hazards, and tobacco smoke, which contribute to disparities in prevalence and outcomes of COPD. African American patients had a higher rate of asthma-COPD overlap with asthma as a predominant cause for resistant treatment and hospital re-admission. African Americans also have a higher rate of chronic bronchitis and a lower rate of emphysema when compared to European Americans. African Americans with COPD are significantly younger, smoke less, report concurrent asthma more frequently, and have less radiographic emphysema on volumetric computed tomography. There is more obstructive sleep apnea, interrupted sleep, and daytime sleepiness in African Americans. Finally, sarcoidosis and its increased severity in African Americans is discussed.
Genetic diversity of an invasive earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris, at a long-term trading crossroad, the Champlain Valley of Vermont, USA

The invasive European earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris, is now widely distributed in North America. This success may result from high genetic diversity derived from multiple introductions from founder sources across Europe. Using a mitochondrial gene (COI) and microsatellite markers, L. terrestris from seven sites in the Champlain Valley of Vermont USA were scored for genetic diversity and population structure. This region has been a trading crossroads for centuries, thus likely to have received earthworms from multiple origins. COI sequences matched those reported for L. terrestris from Scotland, France, Austria, Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, and 2–5 haplotypes were found at each site. Genetic diversity (microsatellites) was great for each site, but not notably greater than for earthworm populations in general, possibly because there may be allele size homoplasy, or some restriction in the number of alleles possible at any locus. The earthworms were genetically differentiated among the Vermont study sites, even those 0.6–13 km distant. These results support the view that L. terrestris is a successful invasive earthworm because multiple introductions provided ample genetic variation for natural selection and local differentiation among locations in North America. Last, a large number of microsatellite markers is provided, including suggested PCR programs, for free use by future researchers.
Alternative Approaches to Proper Shape Theory

Publisher Summary The notion of proper shape, recently introduced by the author and R. B. Sher, is a modification of proper homotopy type analogous to the modification of homotopy type given by Borsuk's shape theory for compacta. The presentation in R. B. Sher closely parallels Borsuk's original development, using a notion of proper fundamental net in place of Borsuk's fundamental sequence. For some purposes, it might be preferable to use an approach to proper shape theory modeled on the ANR-systerns of Mardesic-Segal, on the mutations of Fox, or on the shapings of Mardesic. This chapter discusses how this might be done.
The evolution of enhanced conceptual complexity and of Broca’s area: Language preadaptations

Abstract Evolutionary change occurs most often through the modification of pre-existing structures. What were the pre-existing circuits in our primate ancestors that paved the way for human language, and how did they change in the lineages leading to our present condition? Among the neural modifications that were critical for human language, there are two of special interest: The origin and evolution of the remarkably rich conceptual world that humans share to the exclusion of other primates (which made possible increasingly sophisticated communication systems), and the origin of neural circuitry that underlies various sequential and hierarchical aspects of language, as utilized for example in syntax and word morphology. The fossil record of brain evolution and the archaeological record provide intriguing clues about these processes.
Assessment of Virtual Support of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Using a Checklist

Purpose The literature suggests that greater than eighty percent of critically ill children first present to community hospitals necessitating transport to a Children's Hospital and/or virtual support via telephone during time sensitive emergencies like cardiac arrest. The quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation has been associated with clinical outcomes. Quantitative end tidal carbon-dioxide has been identified as a surrogate marker for cardiac …
Regularizing the Trust Protector

Increasingly, settlors of trusts in on-shore jurisdictions are making use of trust protectors. Protectors serve a variety of functions but generally speaking they are appointed to provide additional security for settlors’ expectations that trusts will be administered in accordance with their intentions. Given the potential breadth and variety of functions performed and powers wielded by protectors, their use generates important and profound theoretical issues. Taking its cues from recent efforts to regularize trust protection, this essay addresses questions concerning the extension of fiduciary duties to trust protectors. Amongst other things, it questions the tenability of proposals for broad extension of fiduciary status to protectors and advocates a structured fact-based approach to fiduciary characterization of trust protection mandates.
TIME Is a Great Healer-Targeting Myeloid Cells in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment to Improve Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Outcomes.

The word myeloid is derived from the Greek word muelos which means “marrow”. Therefore, myeloid cells are described as cells that arise in the bone marrow. They can be distinguished from lymphoid cells based on their different differentiation trajectories—Lymphoid cells (B and T cells) are usually born in the bone marrow, but they need to migrate to lymphoid organs to mature and differentiate usually in response to antigens produced due to infections and diseases like cancer. On the other hand, myeloid cells do not follow this differentiation trajectory. They arise from the bone marrow, and do not need an encounter with antigens to gain their functionality. Thus, while lymphoid cells are a part of the adaptive immune system, myeloid cells are a part of the innate immune system. Hematopoiesis gives rise to two progenitor cells—the common myeloid progenitor (CMP) and the common lymphoid progenitor (CLP). The CMP can give rise to megakaryocytes, erythrocytes, mast cells and myeloblasts. Myeloblasts in turn lead to the formation of basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes that can further differentiate into macrophages. This review will focus on macrophages as well as the phenotypes they acquire with the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). It will address how cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) recruit macrophages and may switch to recruiting neutrophils upon depletion of these tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Finally, it will also shed light on past and current treatment options that specifically target these cells and how those affect patient outcomes in TNBC.
Tn7-CRISPR-Cas12K elements manage pathway choice using truncated repeat-spacer units to target tRNA attachment sites

Abstract CRISPR-Cas systems provide a defense against mobile elements. These defense systems have been naturally coopted multiple times for guide RNA-directed transposition by Tn7-like transposons. Elements associated with a type I-F CRISPR-Cas system categorize guide RNAs, maintaining a standard CRISPR array capable of acquiring new spacers targeting other mobile elements while maintaining a special guide RNA allowing integration into a conserved site in the chromosome called an attachment site. We show here that Tn7-like elements associated with a type V-K (Cas12K-based) system use a similar strategy to target diverse tRNA genes as attachment sites. These guides are encoded as truncated minimal repeat-spacer units and are found in distinct locations. Multiple pieces of information support that V-K guide RNAs are acquired using a type I-D adaptation system, but remain private to the V-K transposition process. This catalog of Cas12K elements and naturally occurring insertions will help future work engineering precision integration systems.
Healers, innovators, entrepreneurs: women in early modern healthcare: Forgotten Healers: women and the pursuit of health in late Renaissance Italy, by Sharon Strocchia, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 2020, ix + 330 pp., $49.95, £39.95, €45.00, ISBN 978-0674241749

In her new book, Forgotten Healers, Sharon Strocchia reveals the vast range and significance of women’s medical work in Italy from roughly 1500–1630. She brings new interpretive methods to bear on ...
Predicting Consequences of Cyber-Attacks

Cyber-physical systems posit a complex number of security challenges due to interconnection of heterogeneous devices having limited processing, communication, and power capabilities. Additionally, the conglomeration of both physical and cyber-space further makes it difficult to devise a single security plan spanning both these spaces. Cyber-security researchers are often overloaded with a variety of cyber-alerts on a daily basis many of which turn out to be false positives. In this paper, we use machine learning and natural language processing techniques to predict the consequences of cyberattacks. The idea is to enable security researchers to have tools at their disposal that makes it easier to communicate the attack consequences with various stakeholders who may have little to no cybersecurity expertise. Additionally, with the proposed approach researchers’ cognitive load can be reduced by automatically predicting the consequences of attacks in case new attacks are discovered. We compare the performance through various machine learning models employing word vectors obtained using both tf-idf and Doc2Vec models. In our experiments, an accuracy of 60% was obtained using tf-idf features and 57% using Doc2Vec method for models based on LinearSVC model.