cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Species Differences in Response to Amphetamine

Variation in response to drugs has been accepted as an unavoidable and complicating factor by most persons who have sought to clarify drug actions on any level: pharmacological, neurological, or psychological. Now, however, the contribution of genetic factors to that variance is coming under investigation. There is some evidence that pharmacological actions vary across strains of animals, and that this differential activity may reflect mechanisms controlled by genetic factors (Miller et al., 1968; Kilbey et al., 1972; Richardson et al., 1972) which also systematically influence behavioral patterns. For example, one set of investigations (Oliverio et al., 1973; Oliverio et al., 1974) has identified single genes controlling exploratory activity and the effect of scopolamine on this response. As many drug effects are thought to be modulated via brain amines (Cooper et al., 1974), and as lines of evidence have suggested that variation seen in biogenic amines may be controlled, in part, by genetic factors (Maas, 1962, 1963; Sudak and Maas, 1964a, 1964b; Schlesinger et al., 1965; Karczmar and Scudder, 1967; Karczmar et al., 1973; Barchas et al., 1974), studies which administer drugs to various strains of animals and measure the resulting behavior and the effects on brain amines have been used to identify the relationships between drug action, biogenic amines and genetic factors.
A phase I trial of doxorubicin and flavopiridol in soft tissue sarcoma

9523 Background: Flavopiridol, a potent cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor, has been shown in vitro to enhance doxorubicin induced apoptosis. Using the BWH dediffentiated liposarcoma xenograft model...
Interaction of Acid Gases SO2 and NO2 with Coordinatively Unsaturated Metal Organic Frameworks: M-MOF-74 (M = Zn, Mg, Ni, Co)

In situ infrared spectroscopy and ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations are combined to study the interaction of the corrosive gases SO2 and NO2 with metal organic frameworks M-MOF-74 (M = Zn, Mg, Ni, Co). We find that NO2 dissociatively adsorbs into MOF-74 compounds, forming NO and NO3–. The mechanism is unraveled by considering the Zn-MOF-74 system, for which DFT calculations show that a strong NO2–Zn bonding interaction induces a significant weakening of the N–O bond, facilitating the decomposition of the NO2 molecules. In contrast, SO2 is only molecularly adsorbed into MOF-74 with high binding energy (>90 kJ/mol for Mg-MOF-74 and >70 for Zn-MOF-74). This work gives insight into poisoning issues by minor components of flue gases in metal organic frameworks materials.
Integrated Health and Long-Term Care in Taiwan

Taiwan’s National Health Insurance (NHI) implemented in 1995, covers over 99% of Taiwan population of 23 million with positive health outcome, the lowest administration cost in the world of 2 percentand high satisfactory rate. National LTC Need Study (NLTCNS) conducted in 2009-2011 and 2015-2016, indicated Taiwan’s disability rate in general population is 2.89%; in elderly population is 16.50%; the disabled population is estimated to raise from 740,000 in 2014 to 1,200,000 in 2031. After implementation of National Health Insurance in 1995, Taiwan government initiated the first 10 year Long Term Care (LTC1.0) Plan in 2008 ending 2017. During initial planning for LTC 2.0, government recognized a major barrier to implement LTC effectively was due to separate operations and lack of coordination of health and social welfare systems. After three years’ planning, the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MHW) was established by combining Bureaus of Health and Social Welfare in 2013. Although NLTCNS indicated high public support for long term care insurance (87%), newly elected administration decide paying through a tax-based financing. Integrated Health and LTC Study (IHLTCS) was funded in 2014-2015 to explore integration strategies and resources needed to support system integration. Researchers and policy makers visited the U.S. conducted model reviews. Presenter will discuss findings from both NLTCNS and IHLTCS to describe Taiwan’s disability population, service utilization, issues causing fragmentation and stakeholder opinions. In addition, presenter will discuss findings from data analysis, model reviews, focus groups and official interviews, four (4) targeted areas were recommended for initiation and the nature of support structure for implementation.
Self-assembled curcumin-soluble soybean polysaccharide nanoparticles: Physicochemical properties and in vitro anti-proliferation activity against cancer cells

Abstract Nanoencapsulation of lipophilic bioactive compounds in food biopolymers is important to functional beverages, but protein-based nanocapsules are unstable around the isoelectric point of protein. The objectives of this work were to study physicochemical properties of self-assembled curcumin-soluble soybean polysaccharide (SSPS) nanoparticles and evaluate the activities against proliferation of human colon HCT116 and mammary adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cancer cells before and after simulated digestions. Capsules with a hydrodynamic diameter of 200–300 nm and an encapsulation efficiency of ∼90% were self-assembled after increasing curcumin-SSPS mixture to pH 12.0 and lowering pH to 7.0. The capsule dispersions were stable at pH 2.0–7.0 and after heating at 95 °C for 1 min. No significant difference was observed for the viability of HCT 116 and MCF-7 cells challenged with 0.4, 4.0, and 40 μg/ml nanoencapsulated curcumin before and after simulated gastric and intestinal digestions. These findings may be significant to help develop functional beverages for disease prevention.
A Bayesian approach to estimating variance components within a multivariate generalizability theory framework

In many behavioral research areas, multivariate generalizability theory (mG theory) has been typically used to investigate the reliability of certain multidimensional assessments. However, traditional mG-theory estimation-namely, using frequentist approaches-has limits, leading researchers to fail to take full advantage of the information that mG theory can offer regarding the reliability of measurements. Alternatively, Bayesian methods provide more information than frequentist approaches can offer. This article presents instructional guidelines on how to implement mG-theory analyses in a Bayesian framework; in particular, BUGS code is presented to fit commonly seen designs from mG theory, including single-facet designs, two-facet crossed designs, and two-facet nested designs. In addition to concrete examples that are closely related to the selected designs and the corresponding BUGS code, a simulated dataset is provided to demonstrate the utility and advantages of the Bayesian approach. This article is intended to serve as a tutorial reference for applied researchers and methodologists conducting mG-theory studies.
The Nest of Gentlefolk and the “Poetry of Marriage and the Hearth”

In my study on Pushkin, “Poetry of Marriage and the Hearth,”1 I attempted to show that certain motives in the many-sided, yet preeminently lyric and autobiographic poetry of Pushkin express, indeed ground and affirm, the poet’s view of absolute truths and the laws which derive from these truths and, in the poet’s opinion, govern man’s life inexorably, beyond possibility of any compromise. One such law which in the poetic (and, although of less importance, also in the practical) concepts of Pushkin had just such a religious, imperative significance, admitting of no modification and no reduction, was the principle of the inviolability of marriage. I pointed out that this view, this “truth,” this social-religious principle of Pushkin’s ideology was expressed at once more eloquently and more cogently in The Snowstorm and Dubrovsky than in the famous reply of Tatyana:
Low-risk drinking guidelines to reduce alcohol-related harm: Delphi survey to explore aspects ‘beyond epidemiology’

Background: Low-risk drinking guidelines across Europe portray a wide variation. We turned to European experts to identify areas of agreement and disagreement on questions relevant to forming and c...
Systematic reviews and cancer research: a suggested stepwise approach

Systematic reviews, with or without meta-analysis, play an important role today in synthesizing cancer research and are frequently used to guide decision-making. However, there is now an increase in the number of systematic reviews on the same topic, thereby necessitating a systematic review of previous systematic reviews. With a focus on cancer, the purpose of this article is to provide a practical, stepwise approach for systematically reviewing the literature and publishing the results. This starts with the registration of a protocol for a systematic review of previous systematic reviews and ends with the publication of an original or updated systematic review, with or without meta-analysis, in a peer-reviewed journal. Future directions as well as potential limitations of the approach are also discussed. It is hoped that the stepwise approach presented in this article will be helpful to both producers and consumers of cancer-related systematic reviews and will contribute to the ultimate goal of preventing and treating cancer.
On the Skills Required for Software Engineering

Maintaining a proper balance between fundamentals and techniques is a primary goal of technological education. A current and continuing debate in Universities and in industry centers on whether the student and society are better served by an emphasis on fundamentals or on techniques. In essence, the arguments made by both sides are similar to those made when debating the relative merits of a liberal arts education versus skills acquisition; except that the arguments are focused into a narrower spectrum of issues.
Successive Induction in Larval Zebrafish

Activating one reflex often facilitates another, antagonistic one. Since Charles Sherrington first identified successive induction more than 100 years ago, it has been demonstrated in a wide range of species, from aphids to grasshoppers to dogs and humans. We show a particularly orderly example in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae and identify the simple dynamic process that seems to underlie it.
Size dependent oxidative stress response of the gut of Daphnia magna to functionalized nanodiamond particles.

Abstract Nanodiamonds are a type of engineered nanomaterial with high surface area that is highly tunable and are being proposed for use as a material for medical imaging or drug delivery to composites. With their potential for widespread use they may potentially be released into the aquatic environment as are many chemicals used for these purposes. It is generally thought that nanodiamonds are innocuous, but toxicity may occur due to surface functionalization. This study investigated the potential oxidative stress and antioxidant response of enterocytes in a freshwater invertebrate, Daphnia magna, a common aquatic invertebrate for ecotoxicological studies, in response to two types of functionalized nanodiamonds (polyallylamine and oxidized). We also examined how the size of the nanomaterial may influence toxicity by testing two different sizes (5 nm and 15 nm) of nanodiamonds with the same functionalization. Adults of Daphnia magna were exposed to three concentrations of each of the nanodiamonds for 24 h. We found that both 5 and 15 nm polyallylamine nanodiamond and oxidized nanodiamond induced the production of reactive oxygen species in tissues. The smaller 5 nm nanodiamond induced a significant change in the expression of heat shock protein 70 and glutathione-S-transferase. This may suggest that daphnids mounted an antioxidant response to the oxidative effects of 5 nm nanodiamonds but not the comparative 15 nm nanodiamonds with either surface chemistry. Outcomes of this study reveal that functionalized nanodiamond may cause oxidative stress and may potentially initiate lipid peroxidation of enterocyte cell membranes in freshwater organisms, but the impact of the exposure depends on the particle size.
Label-free detection of Herceptin® using suspended silicon microring resonators

Abstract Highly sensitive detection of heat denatured Herceptin® (trastuzumab), an important monoclonal antibody used in breast cancer therapeutics, is demonstrated using transverse magnetic (TM) mode suspended microring resonators (MRRs). The suspended MRRs are surface functionalized with a single chain fragment variable (scFv) recombinant antibody molecule (designated 2B4) that enables selective capture of denatured Herceptin molecules. Interaction between guided modes in suspended MRRs and Herceptin molecules captured on the surfaces of the suspended MRRs enable straightforward optical detection and quantification of the bound Herceptin molecules. Clinically relevant Herceptin detection at a concentration of 100 nM is demonstrated and negligible signal was obtained from the sensor when exposed to Avastin® (bevacizumab), a negative control human therapeutic monoclonal antibody. Importantly, at least a 2-fold enhanced detection sensitivity is obtained by suspending the microring (MRR) over the underlying substrate, effectively increasing the sensing surface area. Experimental results are supported by three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulations and optical mode analysis. The use of a label-free silicon photonic platform for high sensitivity molecular detection is compatible with high-throughput, low-cost diagnostics employing on-chip sensor arrays.
Adolescents’ Use of “Pod Mod” E-Cigarettes — Urgent Concerns

Adolescents’ Use of “Pod Mod” E-Cigarettes Use of a new e-cigarette product class called “pod mods” is rampant among young people. There is reason to be concerned that adolescents’ use of these products could bring a host of adverse health consequences to the current generation of adolescents and young adults.
Reaching 80% human papillomavirus vaccination prevalence by 2026: How many adolescents need to be vaccinated and what are their characteristics?

BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus vaccination (HPVV) prevents several types of cancer. The American Cancer Society recently established a goal that by 2026, 80% of adolescents will be up to date (UTD) before their 13th birthday. However, the number in need of vaccination to reach this goal is unknown. This study estimated the number of additional adolescents (11-12 years old) who need HPVV for 80% prevalence to be reached by 2026. METHODS The study used de-identified and publicly available data and exempt from institutional review board approval and informed consent. The 2016 National Immunization Survey for Teens was used to estimate the baseline HPVV prevalence. Linear growth to 80% HPVV prevalence by 2026 was applied to set intermediate targets. US Census Bureau data were used for population projections. This study estimated the cumulative number of additional adolescents 11 to 12 years old who would need to become UTD (ie, receive 2 doses) by first subtracting the number who would need to be vaccinated to achieve an intermediate target prevalence from the estimated number currently compliant and then summing these numbers between 2018 and 2026. RESULTS Nationwide, an additional 7.62 million males (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.78 million to 8.40 million) and an additional 6.77 million females (95% CI, 5.95 million to 7.55 million), aged 11 to 12 years, would need to receive 2 doses of the vaccine between 2018 and 2026 for 80% prevalence to be achieved. Most adolescents not UTD (80%) also needed to initiate vaccination, and more than 90% recently visited a health care provider. CONCLUSIONS It is estimated that at least 14.39 million additional adolescents aged 11 to 12 years in the United States will need to receive 2 doses of HPVV for a UTD HPVV prevalence of 80% to be achieved by 2026. To reach this goal, improvements in facilitators of HPVV initiation, including physician recommendations and parental acceptability, are needed.
Development of the Behavioural-Biomedical Law Enforcement Stress Discordance Model (B2LESD): An epidemiological criminology framework (LEPH2018)

The stressors associated with the law enforcement profession have become a focal point of discussion as the reporting of police misconduct has been increasing. Simultaneously researchers are exploring the relationship between police stress, as manifested through physical behavior, and health outcomes. While the current definitions and theories shed some light on the pathways of police stress leading to police misconduct, the emergence of more critical, interdisciplinary theories is essential and needed so as to better understand its underlying causes scientifically and practically. Relevant studies conducted from year 2008 to present were searched and collected, through a number of databases, to investigate the relationship between stress and police misconduct. The results of the final sample of ten studies were utilized to refine a conceptual model that serves as a guiding framework to more accurately provide a conceptual picture of police stress-exposure and the role of the bio-psycho-social and environmental contributors that impact the police work environment, thereby influencing the stress experienced by police officers that lead to police misconduct. We use the Epidemiological Criminology framework to understand the biobehavioural impact of stressful exposure on health and wellness of law enforcement officers. This framework intends to help the law enforcement, research, policy, and practice community to understand more effectively the bio-psycho-social and environmental health effects within the context of the behavioural and biomedical disparities of police officers, who are likely to experience high levels of stress while on duty—leading to the development of stress-reduction interventions for police officers.
Immunity to Influenza: Catching a Moving Target To Improve Vaccine Design.

In sharp contrast to viruses such as measles, in which a single exposure generates long-lasting immunity, individuals are repeatedly exposed to influenza viruses throughout their lifetime without developing broad and durable protection against infection. As a consequence, substantial worldwide
Explantation of Percutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulator Devices: A Retrospective Descriptive Analysis of a Single-Center 15-Year Experience.

Objectives The aims of this study were to identify the reasons for explanation of spinal cord stimulator (SCS) devices and to further quantify the proportions and time lines of these causes of explantation in order to determine improvement opportunities for the development of best practices. Design Retrospective, single academic center. Materials and methods Patients who were implanted with percutaneous SCS devices from 2002 to 2015 and with follow-up available until the end of September 2017 were included in this retrospective chart analysis. Results Of the 356 patients trialed, 252 underwent implantation of an SCS device with a permanent to trial ratio of 71%. Of the patients who had a permanent implant, 50% had failed back surgery syndrome, 25% had complex regional pain syndrome, and 25% had other diagnoses. At the end of the study period, the explantation rate was 30%. The causes for explantation included biological complications (26.6%), paresthesia limitations or side effects (26.6%), hardware complications (13.3%), ineffective pain control (28%), and no further need for stimulation therapy (5.3%). Conclusions Device removal is not uncommon, and opportunities to enhance the long-term success of SCS devices do exist. These include modification of trialing methods, achieving better paresthesia overlay, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) conditional equipment, development of robust technologies and hardware to reduce equipment malfunction, and improving efficacy with new innovative wave forms.
Speaking up for silence

This essay explores the complex ways that silence can function in both early childhood and teacher education classrooms. Over the past 25 years feminists have used the metaphor of voice to describe...
College students and inappropriate social media posting: Is it a question of personality or the influence of friends?

Abstract The present paper examines the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and inappropriate posting by college students on Facebook and Twitter. In this case, inappropriate posting is defined as posting content that would be viewed negatively by a potential employer. As such, the existing Faux Pas Scale was modified to more closely align with current recruiting literature regarding inappropriate posting behavior. The paper also examines how the posting behavior of close friends affects students beyond their personality traits. One hundred and eighty undergraduate business students completed an online survey capturing their personality traits and posting behaviors. Results indicate that conscientiousness was negatively related to inappropriate posting on Facebook, while none of the Big Five traits was a significant predictor of inappropriate posting on Twitter. The results also indicate that inappropriate posting by close friends is positively related to similar behavior by students on both Facebook and Twitter.
Factors Affecting Repeatability of Foveal Avascular Zone Measurement Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Pathologic Eyes.

Purpose To determine factors that may affect the repeatability of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) measurement obtained using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) including instrument type, image segmentation, image quality, and fundus pathology. Patients and methods This prospective single-center study enrolled 43 subjects (85 eyes) with retinal vasculopathy, macular edema, optic pathology or normal contralateral eye. The macula was imaged twice using Optovue Angiovue and once using Cirrus Angioplex to obtain 3x3mm OCTA images centered on the fovea. Images were generated by the same operator within 30 mins. The FAZ size for the entire retinal thickness ("overall FAZ") was measured automatically using the OCTA software. The FAZ size of the superficial and deep retinal vascular plexus layers was measured manually using the enface OCTA images of the segmented layers and Image J analysis. Intraclass correlations coefficient (ICC) was calculated to determine repeatability. Results For the overall FAZ measurement, repeatability was excellent (ICC 0.953 right eye, 0.938, left eye) using the same machine (intra-instrument) and somewhat lower but still good to excellent (ICC 0.803 right eye, 0.917 left eye) using machines made by different vendors (inter-instrument). For the segmented layers, intra-instrument repeatability of FAZ measurement was excellent (ICC > 0.95) for both plexus layers. Inter-instrument repeatability was good for the superficial plexus layer (ICC 0.86 right eye, 0.88 left eye) but reduced for the deep plexus layer (ICC 0.63 right eye, 0.57 left eye). Suboptimal image quality and presence of retinal vasculopathy and macular edema tended to reduce FAZ repeatability but to a lesser degree. Conclusion Inter- and intra-instrument repeatability of the overall FAZ measurement was high using commercial OCTA instruments and only mildly reduced by suboptimal image quality and fundus pathology. For segmented layers, intra-instrument repeatability remained high but inter-instrument repeatability was reduced for the deep plexus layer.
The Role of Nestling Acoustic Experience in Song Discrimination in a Sparrow

Oscine songbirds are an ideal system for investigating how early experience affects vocal behavior. Young songbirds face a challenging task: how to recognize and selectively learn only their own species’ song, often during a time-limited window. Because birds are capable of hearing birdsong very early in life, early exposure to song could plausibly affect recognition of appropriate models; however, this idea conflicts with the traditional view that song learning occurs only after a bird leaves the nest. Thus, it remains unknown whether natural variation in acoustic exposure prior to song learning affects the template for recognition. In a population where sister species, golden-crowned and white-crowned sparrows, breed syntopically, we found that nestlings discriminate between heterospecific and conspecific song playbacks prior to the onset of song memorization. We then asked whether natural exposure to more frequent or louder heterospecific song explained any variation in golden-crowned nestling response to heterospecific song playbacks. We characterized the amount of each species’ song audible in golden-crowned sparrow nests and showed that even in a relatively small area, the ratio of heterospecific to conspecific song exposure varies from 0 to 20%. However, although many songbirds hear and respond to acoustic signals before fledging, golden-crowned sparrow nestlings that heard different amounts of heterospecific song did not behave differently in response to heterospecific playbacks. This study provides the first evidence that song discrimination at the onset of song learning is robust to the presence of closely related heterospecifics in nature, which may be an important adaptation in sympatry between potentially interbreeding taxa.
Qualitative assessment of patients' perspectives and willingness to improve healthy lifestyle physical activity after lumbar surgery.

Many patients retain sedentary lifestyles after lumbar surgery and incur increased risks of adverse health outcomes. The goal of this study was to assess patients’ perspectives about postoperative physical activity. During routine post-lumbar surgery visits in a tertiary care center, 260 patients were asked open-ended questions about their spine and physical activity. Three investigators reviewed responses and determined themed categories. Patients also completed surveys measuring disability, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and fear-avoidance of physical activity. Surgical complexity was assigned based on operative features. Mean age was 63, and 53% were men. Thirty-nine percent thought walking was good for the spine, particularly among those with less fear-avoidance, less disability, and less complex surgery. Spine benefits were cited (42%) for the short-term (“faster recovery”) and long-term (“decreases chances of another surgery”), particularly by younger patients. To increase activity, patients suggested spine-specific techniques (35%, “use railings”) and advised caution (24%, “pace yourself”). The major deterrent was persistent back pain (36%) particularly for those with worse disability, and more depressive symptoms, anxiety, complex surgery, and fear-avoidance. Our findings consistently fit with the Social Cognitive Theory of health behavior which posits a dynamic three-way interaction of personal factors, environmental influences, and behavior. Patients acknowledge short- and long-term benefits of physical activity for their spine and overall health; however, many are deterred from increasing activity by spine-related concerns. Interventions to improve physical activity should foster self-efficacy and self-direction and should be reinforced by members of the spine care team who are knowledgeable about prudent activities.
Biomechanical Signals of Varied Modality and Location Contribute Differently to Recognition of Transient Locomotion

Intent recognition in lower-limb assistive devices typically relies on neuromechanical sensing of an affected limb acquired through embedded device sensors. It remains unknown whether signals from more widespread sources such as the contralateral leg and torso positively influence intent recognition, and how specific locomotor tasks that place high demands on the neuromuscular system, such as changes of direction, contribute to intent recognition. In this study, we evaluated the performances of signals from varying mechanical modalities (accelerographic, gyroscopic, and joint angles) and locations (the trailing leg, leading leg and torso) during straight walking, changes of direction (cuts), and cuts to stair ascent with varying task anticipation. Biomechanical information from the torso demonstrated poor performance across all conditions. Unilateral (the trailing or leading leg) joint angle data provided the highest accuracy. Surprisingly, neither the fusion of unilateral and torso data nor the combination of multiple signal modalities improved recognition. For these fused modality data, similar trends but with diminished accuracy rates were reported during unanticipated conditions. Finally, for datasets that achieved a relatively accurate (≥90%) recognition of unanticipated tasks, these levels of recognition were achieved after the mid-swing of the trailing/transitioning leg, prior to a subsequent heel strike. These findings suggest that mechanical sensing of the legs and torso for the recognition of straight-line and transient locomotion can be implemented in a relatively flexible manner (i.e., signal modality, and from the leading or trailing legs) and, importantly, suggest that more widespread sensing is not always optimal.
Can We Hear Him Now? James Cone’s Enduring Challenge to White Theologians:

The late great James Hal Cone (1938–2018) challenged white Christians to confront the sin of white supremacy. This article contends that white Catholic theologians collectively have yet to accept C...
Virtual Screening FDA Approved Drugs against Multiple Targets of SARS-CoV-2.

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) respiratory disease, led to a global pandemic with high morbidity and mortality. Despite frenzied efforts in therapeutic development, there are currently no effective drugs for treatment, nor are there vaccines for its prevention. Drug repurposing, representing as an effective drug discovery strategy from existing drugs, is one of the most practical treatment options against the outbreak. In this study, we present a novel strategy for in silico molecular modeling screening for potential drugs that may interact with multiple main proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Targeting multiple viral proteins is a novel drug discovery concept in that it enables the potential drugs to act on different stages of the virus' life cycle, thereby potentially maximizing the drug potency. We screened 2631 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved small molecules against 4 key proteins of SARS-CoV-2 that are known as attractive targets for antiviral drug development. In total, we identified 29 drugs that could actively interact with 2 or more target proteins, with 5 drugs (avapritinib, bictegravir, ziprasidone, capmatinib, and pexidartinib) being common candidates for all 4 key host proteins and 3 of them possessing the desirable molecular properties. By overlaying docked positions of drug candidates onto individual host proteins, it has been further confirmed that the binding site conformations are conserved. The drugs identified in our screening provide potential guidance for experimental confirmation, such as in vitro molecular assays and in vivo animal testing, as well as incorporation into ongoing clinical studies.
Playing in the Dark with Ali: Portraiture, Race, and Remembrance in Karol Radziszewski’s Painting of August Agboola Browne

August Agboola Browne (1895 – 1976) was a Nigerian-born jazz musician who resided in Poland from 1922 to 1956. Since the discovery and initial publicisation in 2010 of archived documents Browne sub...
Pharmacy technicians, supporting our past, shaping our future: Implementing an ASHP-ACPE-accredited pharmacy technician training program in an academic medical center.

PURPOSE Pharmacy technician training and education vary depending on practice site and state law. Although technician certification provides a national standard for credentialing, not all states require it, making certification a voluntary process for technicians or the organizations employing them. As the role of the pharmacist has evolved, the need for highly trained pharmacy technicians has grown. The pharmacy technician's expanded role in specialized areas of pharmacy practice has created new opportunities that require advanced training. SUMMARY Research is lacking on return on investment for workforce development programs, making it difficult to advocate for pharmacy technician training programs. Therefore, it is important to create internal metrics that link one's program to business performance. This begins with conducting a job market analysis for the geographic area. It is imperative to identify the current occupational outlook for pharmacy technicians, identifying areas with potential for growth as well as where there are shortages or high turnover. Successful development of an American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) and Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE)-accredited pharmacy technician program requires a long-term strategy to address key market issues as well as social and economic barriers and financial data to secure funding. CONCLUSION This case study details Yale New Haven Hospital's journey from proof of concept to implementation of an ASHP-ACPE-accredited pharmacy technician training program.
Incorporating Human Factors Into a Healthcare System’s COVID-19 Communication Strategy:

The COVID-19 era has been an age of change for healthcare systems worldwide. At the beginning of the pandemic in particular, there was a huge need to rapidly communicate new and constantly changing...
Multiple Comparisons, Statistics of

An overview of the current state of multiple comparisons is given, with special application to the social sciences. The problems caused by multiple comparisons are detailed, and Bayesian and frequentist solutions are discussed. Special emphasis is given on definition of the ‘family’ of statistical inferences, as well as on pre-registration of studies.
Task shifting in surgery: Lessons from an Indian Heart Hospital ☆

We present a case study that illustrates task shifting, the transfer of activities from senior to junior colleagues, in the context of cardiac surgery at the Narayana Health City Cardiac Hospital (NH) in India. The case discusses the factors driving the adoption of task shifting at NH and identifies the implications of task shifting for surgeon training, surgical capacity, and procedure costs. A comparison of the outcomes of two senior surgeons with similar experience, workload, and patient profiles--but varying in their level of task shifting--suggests that shifting of lower complexity tasks by senior surgeons to trained junior colleagues does not negatively impact in-hospital mortality and post-procedure length of stay. The study concludes with a discussion of task shifting's potential to improve access to affordable tertiary care in resource-constrained settings.
Progress in detection and treatment of prostate cancer.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to highlight the most important developments in the diagnosis, prevention, and management of prostate cancer reported in the past year that have been published in the medical literature. RECENT FINDINGS Recent research has shown that clinically meaningful prostate cancer can develop in patients with a PSA value <4 ng/dL and has suggested that 'watchful waiting' approaches may not be appropriate for young patients or those with a life expectancy of greater than 15 years. The contribution of obesity to high-grade disease and a higher rate of relapse has also been described. There is now randomized data suggesting that adjuvant hormonal therapy for as little as six month's time confers a survival benefit for those receiving radiation therapy. Secondary hormonal manipulation with ketoconazole is now supported by randomized phase III data. Most importantly, this year the results of two randomized phase III clinical trials of chemotherapy in hormone refractory prostate cancer have shown that survival can be increased by 20% with the use of docetaxel. SUMMARY Recent data reported in the past year have significant implications for those involved in the management of prostate cancer. The results of the chemotherapy trials have resulted in new standards of care for this disease.
Rulemaking Pursuing a Policy Agenda

Rulemaking is a difficult process that involves interpreting legislation, often vaguely written, by legislators into formal rules of action for bureaucratic implementation. The process is highly political and often confrontational, with varied interests attempting to influence the behavior of the bureaucratic experts involved in writing rules, regulations, and setting standards. The end result is often delay, during which time the bureaucracy gets the blame. Even under the best of circumstances, however, rulemaking is a difficult process. Keywords: rulemaking; implementation; outcomes; discretion; regulation; standards
Modeling of the impact of electrical stressors on the degradation process of power mosfets

This research focused on building a model based on collection of experimental data acquired with high electrical stressors at the gate of the power MOSFET under an isothermal condition to analyze certain deviations of intrinsic properties leading to degradation. The primary indicators were threshold shift, deviation in switching characteristics, and significant expansion of the Miller Plateau due to accelerated stressing of the device from the pristine condition. The intrinsic mechanism associated with the threshold shift and changes in the parasitic capacitances were observed and analyzed with mathematical precision and device parameter simulation. It was seen that, in addition to altered switching behavior and other changes, the threshold voltage shifted by 172%, the width of the Miller Plateau increased by 525%, and capacitances decreased by 24~43% at applied stress of 45V to 54V in addition to altered switching behavior and other changes. This behavior showed deviation; however, degradation did not occur. The root cause of the modified behavior of a stressed device was also analyzed. The 2D device-processing software "Sentaurus" correlated the experimental observations.
Hypersonic Aeroelasticity and Aerothermoelasticity

Hypersonic aeroelasticity and aerothermoelasticity involves the study of mutually coupled fluid-structure interactions that occur as a result of flexible structures operating in hypersonic flow. Starting between Mach 3.0 and Mach 5.0, the effect of flow nonlinearities and aerodynamic heating on the structural response of hypersonic vehicles becomes an important consideration. Aeroelastic phenomena in hypersonic flow is an essential consideration in the hypersonic flow regime due to the potential to lead to structural failures (e.g., flutter, fatigue, buckling, etc.) and increase the complexity of interactions between the aerodynamic, structural, control, and propulsion systems (i.e., aero-servo-thermo-elastic-propulsive interactions). This article discusses the fundamental aspects of the problem, strategies for solution, modeling approaches, and hypersonic aeroelastic and aerothermoelastic behavior as observed from previous experimental and computational investigations. Keywords: aeroelasticity; aerothermoelasticity; hypersonic; aero-servo-thermo-elastic-propulsive interactions; computational aeroelasticity; fluid-structure interaction
A programming laboratory for electronic commerce

With support from NSF DUE CCLI, Weaver, AC (2001), we developed a programming laboratory to provide interactive experience with the tools, techniques, and principles of e-commerce. The first lab explored the wide range of Web innovation, the last lab was a mock patent infringement trial, and the eleven other labs were chosen from a set of independent modules on HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Perl, CGI, regular expressions, SQL, ASP, PHP, Flash, XML, and C#. The first lab offering used weekly, three-hour physical labs; students enjoyed the material but rejected the fixed time weekly format. The next offering is the transition to the course to utilize virtual labs that will better align the programming experience with the 24/7 nature of the Internet and e-commerce.
Post-Listing Performance and Private Sector Regulation: The Experience of the AIM

We investigate the post-listing experience of companies raising capital on the London Stock Exchange’s Alternative Investment Market (AIM). The AIM is unique in that it is privately regulated and relies on Nominated Advisors (Nomads) who compete to bring new listings and provide ongoing regulatory oversight. We find that AIM firms significantly underperform firms on regulated exchanges in terms of post-listing returns and failure rates. The underperformance is similar to that of firms listing on the OTC Bulletin Board prior to SEC regulation. Underperformance is associated with abnormally high pre-listing accruals and post-listing reversals, and is more pronounced for firms raising capital. The choice of a “high quality” auditor or Nomad partially mitigates underperformance, suggesting that AIM firms have a limited ability to bond through commitments to more stringent oversight. Negative returns are particularly pronounced for firms with high proportions of retail investors.
A Framework for Reporting and Interpreting Internal Consistency Reliability Estimates

This article provides a framework for reporting internal consistency reliability in counseling research and other related social science fields, including guidelines relative to score reliability c...
The preparation of stable metal nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes whose surfaces were modified during production

Abstract Metal nanoparticles were synthesized by using surface-modified carbon nanotubes (m-CNTs) and pristine CNTs (p-CNTs) as stabilizing substrates. The surfaces of the m-CNTs were modified by the addition of hydrogen peroxide during the chemical vapor deposition synthesis. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed oxygen peaks, which came from C–OH and C–O–C functional groups on the m-CNT walls. Unlike the p-CNTs, the m-CNTs could be used as excellent stabilizing substrates for metal nanoparticles which were produced by using resorcinol as a reducing agent via a sonochemical method. They could stabilize the nanoparticles and prevent them from agglomeration.
Paraprofessional-Led Phonological Awareness Training With Youngsters at Risk for Reading and Behavioral Concerns:

This study examined the efficacy of a paraprofessional-led supplemental early intervention for first-grade students with poor early literacy skills and behavioral concerns. The goal was to determine if (a) the relatively brief intervention was effective in improving phonological skills, and (b) improvements in academic skills would be accompanied by behavioral and social improvements. The results indicated that the students in the treatment condition experienced significant, lasting increases in phonological awareness and moderate improvement in word attack skills. However, significant collateral effects on social and behavioral performance were not observed. Limitations and directions for future investigation are offered.
Location Type Classification Using Tweet Content

Location context in social media plays an important role in many applications. In addition to explicit location sharing via popular &#x00E2;check in&#x00E2; service, user-posted content could also implicitly reveals users&#x00E2; location context. Identifying such a location context based on content is an interesting problem because it is not only important in inferring social ties between people, but also vital for applications such as user profiling and targeted advertising. In this paper, we study the problem of location type classification using tweet content. We extend probabilistic text classification models to incorporate temporal features and user history information in terms of probabilistic priors. Experimental results show that our extensions can boost classification accuracy effectively.
A Conserved Histidine in Insulin Is Required for the Foldability of Human Proinsulin STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF AN ALAB5 ANALOG

The insulins of eutherian mammals contain histidines at positions B5 and B10. The role of HisB10 is well defined: although not required in the mature hormone for receptor binding, in the islet β cell this side chain functions in targeting proinsulin to glucose-regulated secretory granules and provides axial zincbinding sites in storage hexamers. In contrast, the role of HisB5 is less well understood. Here, we demonstrate that its substitution with Ala markedly impairs insulin chain combination in vitro and blocks the folding and secretion of human proinsulin in a transfected mammalian cell line. The structure and stability of an AlaB5-insulin analog were investigated in an engineered monomer (DKP-insulin). Despite its impaired foldability, the structure of the AlaB5 analog retains a native-like T-state conformation. At the site of substitution, interchain nuclear Overhauser effects are observed between the methyl resonance of AlaB5 and side chains in the A chain; these nuclear Overhauser effects resemble those characteristic of HisB5 in native insulin. Substantial receptor binding activity is retained (80 ± 10% relative to the parent monomer). Although the thermodynamic stability of the AlaB5 analog is decreased (ΔΔGu = 1.7 ± 0.1 kcal/mol), consistent with loss of HisB5-related interchain packing and hydrogen bonds, control studies suggest that this decrement cannot account for its impaired foldability. We propose that nascent long-range interactions by HisB5 facilitate alignment of CysA7 and CysB7 in protein-folding intermediates; its conservation thus reflects mechanisms of oxidative folding rather than structure-function relationships in the native state.
Simulating the impact of policy changes in Mexico's PROGRESA/Oportunidades

Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes are being widely used in developing countries to reduce poverty and enhance children's human capital. Researchers have generally relied on ex-ante evaluation models to fine-tune existing CCTs or to design new ones. One of the main pitfalls is ‘targeted modelling’, in which results of counterfactual simulations might be driven by model features rather than the policy objectives. This paper uses the ex-ante evaluation technique of Bourguignon et al., relaxes one of its assumptions, and simulates policy changes at the national level for the Mexican CCT. The model's result are in line with information from the national household survey, and counterfactual simulations indicate that overall school attendance can increase without additional budget.
Optimizing oxygen absorption and nitrogen desorption in packed towers

Abstract A design procedure for oxygenation of water using commercial oxygen in counter-current flow packed columns with simultaneous desorption of dissolved nitrogen is presented. The sensitivity of the process to the design variables is discussed, and, with the aid of a cost model, a rationale for optimizing the process is described. The relatively high cost of oxygen dictates that efficient absorption must be realized for a given combination of water loading rate and packing depth. By considering the oxygen utilization efficiency and the cost per pound of oxygen added, optimal design and operating conditions are identified.
Disinfection efficacy of organic chloramines.

Abstract The disinfection efficacies of model organic chloramines were investigated. Twenty amino acids and two nucleic acid bases were chlorinated separately with sodium hypochlorite at a Cl:N molar ratio of 0.4:1, and were then used to treat an E. coli suspension for 60 min. DPD/FAS titration was carried out to obtain the concentration of the chlorinated nitrogenous organic compounds as a function of time. In addition, membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) was used to quantify inorganic chloramines (mono-, di-, and trichloramine). The results of these experiments showed that the organic chloramines examined in this research had little or no effect on the viability of E. coli . MIMS analyses demonstrated that there was no quantifiable formation of inorganic chloramines when the organic nitrogen compounds were chlorinated.