cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A feature based solution to Forward Problem in Electrical Capacitance Tomography

A new feature based technique is introduced to solve the Forward Problem (FP) in Electrical Capacitance Tomography with a target application of monitoring the metalfill profile in Lost Foam Casting (LFC) process. The new technique for solving FP is based on extracting key features from given metal distributions and then training a Neural Network with these features. The output of Neural Network is a scaling factor that modifies the linear sensitivity matrix traditionally used in the solution of the FP. The training and testing data is generated through ANSYS and MATLAB simulations. This approach shows promising results. The Neural Network was able to learn the effect of these features on scaling factor. The RMS error for training distribution was 1.94% and for test distribution, it was in between 2% to 15% depending on the electrode pair with an average of 5%.
Finding all stable orientations of assemblies with friction

In this paper, we include Coulomb friction at contacts between bodies and give a characterization of the entire set of stable orientations of an assembly under uniform gravity. Our characterization is based on the concept of potential stability, which describes a necessary but not sufficient condition for the stability of an assembly. Orientations that are computed as being unstable, however, are guaranteed to fall apart. Our characterization reveals that the set of stable orientations maps out a convex region on the unit-sphere of directions and corresponds to a spherical analog of a planar polygon-the region is bounded by a sequence of vertices joined by great arcs. Linear programming techniques are used to automatically find this set of vertices, yielding a description of the range of stable orientations for any assembly. For frictionless assemblies, our characterization of stable orientations is exact. For assemblies with friction, some conservative approximations associated with the use of a linearized Coulomb law are made.
Identifying Patterns of Eating and Physical Activity in Children: A Latent Class Analysis of Obesity Risk

We used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify heterogeneous subgroups with respect to behavioral obesity risk factors in a sample of 4th grade children (n = 997) residing in Southern California. Multiple dimensions assessing physical activity, eating and sedentary behavior, and weight perceptions were explored. A set of 11 latent class indicators were used in the analysis. The final model yielded a five-class solution: “High-sedentary, high-fat/high-sugar (HF/HS) snacks, not weight conscious,” “dieting without exercise, weight conscious,” “high-sedentary, HF/HS snacks, weight conscious,” “active, healthy eating,” and “low healthy, snack food, inactive, not weight conscious.” The results suggested distinct subtypes of children with respect to obesity-related risk behaviors. Ethnicity, gender, and a socioeconomic status proxy variable significantly predicted the above latent classes. Overweight or obese weight status was determined based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention BMI (kg/m2)-for-age-and-sex percentile (overweight, 85th percentile ≤BMI <95th percentile; obese, 95th percentile ≤BMI). The identified latent subgroup membership, in turn, was associated with the children's weight categories. The results suggest that intervention programs could be refined or targeted based on children's characteristics to promote effective pediatric obesity interventions.
Reactor design for hazardous waste treatment using a white rot fungus

Abstract Various nutrient media and reactor configurations were explored in order to grow the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium, induce its active enzyme system, develop kinetic data for the degradation of 2-chlorophenol and use chemical engineering analysis to design an effective reactor. Preliminary experiments indicated that the biodegradation rate was improved by a factor of 40 when the fungus was immobilized. As a result, the project focused on a packed-bed reactor employing a silica-based porous support for the fungus, and a well-mixed reactor employing alginate beads as the immobilizing medium. Both were very effective in degrading 2-chlorophenol at inlet concentrations up to 520 ppm. Apparent Michaelis-Menten kinetic rate constants were developed for both reactors, which to our knowledge are the first reactor design parameters to be published for this fungus for treating a hazardous waste.
“Our Revolution Has Style”: Contemporary Menstrual Product Activists “Doing Feminism” in the Third Wave

An in-depth content analysis of five web sites and eight paper zines (self-produced and distributed maga- zines) was conducted to uncover the inspiration, content, and unique strategies associated with text -based contemporary menstrual product activism. Menstrual product activism is loosely defined as various attempts to expose the hazards of commercial "feminine protection" to both women's bod- ies and the environment and the promotion of healthier, less expensive, and less resource-intensive alternatives. This ac- tivism's discourse draws on many traditions to produce its re- sistance to mainstream menses management. The movement, first and foremost, is the legacy of several decades of related activism, dating to the mid1970s. Contemporary menstrual product activism updates and modifies this tradition with the "do it yourself" ethic and anti-corporate philosophy of Punk culture and Third Wave feminist ideals of anti-essentialism, inclusion, humor, irony, and reappropriation. To date, this activist agenda has received little scholarly attention, yet it promises to yield meaningful insight into so called Third Wave feminist theory and practice and reveal the resilience of a woman-centered modern history of resistance.
Design Evolution of the EROS Single-Level Store

File systems have (at least) two undesirable characteristics: both the addressing model and the consistency semantics differ from those of memory, leading to a change in programming model at the storage boundary. Main memory is a single flat space of pages with a simple durability (persistence) model: all or nothing. File content durability is a complex function of implementation, caching, and timing. Memory is globally consistent. File systems offer no global consistency model. Following a crash recovery, individual files may be lost or damaged, or may be collectively inconsistent even though they are individually sound. Single level stores offer an alternative approach in which the memory system is extended all the way down to the disk level. This extension is accompanied by a transacted update mechanism that ensures globally consistent durability. While single level stores are both simpler and potentially more efficient than a file system based design, relatively little has appeared about them in the public literature. This paper describes the evolution of the EROS single level store design across three generations. Two of these have been used; the third is partially implemented. We identify the critical design requirements for a successful single level store, the complications that have arisen in each design, and the resolution of these complications. As the performance of the EROS system has been discussed elsewhere, this paper focuses exclusively on design. Our objective is to both clearly express how a single level store works and to expose some non-obvious details in these designs that have proven to be important in practice.
ISOLATED WETLANDS: STATE-OF-THE-SCIENCE AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

In Solid Waste Agency of Northern Cook County v. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (SWANCC), the U.S. Supreme Court held that isolated, intrastate, non-navigable waters could not be protected under the Clean Water Act based solely on their use by migratory birds. The SWANCC decision has created a need to compile and make available scientific information for post-SWANCC policy development. In response, this article reviews the state of our scientific understanding of isolated wetlands, based on the major findings of papers contributed to this special issue of Wetlands. Because the term “isolated wetland” has not been used consistently in the scientific literature, we recommend that geographically isolated wetlands be defined as “wetlands that are completely surrounded by upland,” as proposed by Tiner, for the purposes of scientific studies. Geographically isolated wetlands are not homogeneous but have a broad range of functional response, partly due to their occurrence over a wide range of climatic and geologic settings. One major question addressed through this special issue is the role that isolation plays in the function of geographically isolated wetlands. It appears that isolation is not a primary factor and that many of the functions performed by isolated wetlands are also performed by non-isolated wetlands and non-wetland ecosystems. Variability in moisture conditions plays an important role in the function of many geographically isolated wetlands. However, hydrologic isolation may affect moisture conditions, and biotic isolation could be important for certain populations. Depending on the factor being considered, geographically isolated wetlands are not entirely isolated but are better viewed as occurring within an isolation-connectivity continuum that has both hydrologic and biotic expressions. The juxtaposition of isolation and connectivity occurring in geographically isolated wetlands may represent a semi-isolated state that uniquely shapes these wetlands and their functions. Comprehensive data, designating the number, total area, and functional classification of isolated wetlands, would provide the foundation for monitoring impacts to isolated wetlands. Studies are needed to examine and quantify how isolated wetlands, wetland complexes, and other potentially impacted waters contribute hydrologically, chemically, and biologically to waters of the U.S. Methods to assess and map the degree of connectivity between geographically isolated wetlands and waters of the U.S., based on ground-water travel time, recurrence frequency of intermittent surface-water connections, and home ranges of species that require both types of waters, could be useful for regulators. Whatever policies are developed, scientific input and technical information will continue to play a crucial role in the policy and regulatory arena. Maintaining and enhancing the dialogue among wetland scientists, policy-makers, and regulators will ensure that critical information is developed and communicated and also continue to invigorate wetland science.
Deletion of Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase A Does Not Affect Atherothrombosis but Promotes Neointimal Hyperplasia and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 Signaling

Objective—Emerging evidence suggests that methionine oxidation can directly affect protein function and may be linked to cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to define the role of the methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) in models of vascular disease and identify its signaling pathways. Approach and Results—MsrA was readily identified in all layers of the vascular wall in human and murine arteries. Deletion of the MsrA gene did not affect atherosclerotic lesion area in apolipoprotein E–deficient mice and had no significant effect on susceptibility to experimental thrombosis after photochemical injury. In contrast, the neointimal area after vascular injury caused by complete ligation of the common carotid artery was significantly greater in MsrA-deficient than in control mice. In aortic vascular smooth muscle cells lacking MsrA, cell proliferation was significantly increased because of accelerated G1/S transition. In parallel, cyclin D1 protein and cdk4/cyclin D1 complex formation and...
Characteristics of Myeloma (MM) Patients (pts) with Central Nervous System (CNS) Involvement

PO-065 Revealing genomic profile that underlies tropism of myeloma cells using whole exome sequencing S.S. Yoon, Y. Koh, D. Kim, W.J. Jung, K.S. Ahn, H.J. Lee, H.J. Kim Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; Functional Genome Institute, PDXen biosystem Inc., Seoul, Korea; Deparmtent of Internal Medicine, Dong-Kook University Hospital, Goyang, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Pyeongchon, Korea
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EPPS AND MARLOWE-CROWNE SD SCALE.

The EPPS and M-C SD scale were administered to 72 male Ss. A correlation was computed between each S's EPPS profile and (1) the mean need scores of Edwards' college male norms and (2) the mean need scores of Stollak's SD male norms, compiled in a previous study by administering the EPPS under social desirability instructions. These correlations were considered Ss' CN and SD scores, respectively, and 2 further correlations were computed between each of these scores and the M-C scale scores. The CN – M-C correlation was –.05 but the SD – M-C correlation was a significant .44. The results provided support for the validity of the SD and M-C scale scores as indicators of need for social approval.
Referral sources of psychologists in private practice.

This report also concerns the results of a survey of psychologists asked to rate the importance of selected referral sources but differs from Tryon's (4) survey in that this sample included both full-time (more than 30 hr./wk.) practitioners who reported private practice was their only source of income and also part-time (less than 30 hr./wk.) practitioners who held other positions in addition to their private work. This survey also assessed years of private practice experience and specialty area (clinical/counseling) to determine if these variables related to rating of importance of referral sources. After obtaining permission of the executive board of the Philadelphia Sociery of Clinical Psychologists, 375 (100%) members were mailed a covering letter which explained the project, a stamped return envelope, and a 30-item author-constructed questionnaire which included 10 biographical questions and 20 questions assessing private practice activities and policies. Completed inventories were returned by 222 people (59%) of whom 194 (52%) were in independent practice as health service providers. According to the biographical information, all the respondents were licensed doctoral-level psychologists and the majority were male (66% ), between the ages of 31 and 50 yr. (79%), with less than 10 yr. experience in private practice (62%). When tested for significance (p 4 .05) on either a t test or chi-squared, full- and part-time psychologists did not differ on any biographical variable. Over-all, 27% were full-time and 73% were part-time practitioners, 43% had 5 yr. or less private practice experience and 57% had more than 5 yr. experience, and a total of 167 were either clinical (62%) or counseling (24%) psychologists, with the remaining 14% reporting doctorates in such areas as school psychology, guidance and counseling, or an academic specialty of psychology. In part, the questionnaire asked the psychologists to rate the importance of 10 specific referral sources and the results are presented in Table 1. Patients were reported as very important by 68% of the psychologists, a rating of importance far greater than any other source. Considerably more than half the respondents viewed friends, other (non-psychiatrist) MD's, psychologists, and non-medical mental health professionals as at least somewhat important sources. When the mean differences in ratings were analyzed by two-tailed r tests, full-time psychologists rated schools (t = 2.51. p < .01) and patients (t = 3.97, p < ,002) as more important resources than did part-time practitioners, those with less than 5 yr. experience rated other psychologists (t = 2.46, 'Request reprints and statistical computation from D. Inman, Ph.D., 400 East Lancaster Avenue, Wayne, PA 19087.
Plasma physics: Rogue waves caught in 3D

Three-dimensional rogue waves have been observed in a dusty-plasma system, which provides a wave–particle interaction view on their formation.
Myogenic constriction of human coronary arterioles.

Myogenic constriction is an important mechanism of blood flow regulation; however, it has never been demonstrated in the human coronary circulation. We examined responses of human coronary resistan...
Health-Related Quality of Life Improves Similarly in Patients With and Without Type 2 Diabetes After Cardiac Rehabilitation.

PURPOSE Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States and results in substantial healthcare expenditures. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important aspect in long-term recovery for patients with cardiovascular disease. As such, improvement in HRQoL is a relevant outcome for determining cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) program efficacy. Increasingly, diabetic patients are participating in CR and face additional challenges to HRQoL, yet there is a lack of research addressing program efficacy in this population. This study tested the hypothesis that CR would effect a favorable change in HRQoL for both diabetic (D; n = 37) and nondiabetic (N-D; n = 58) patients. Furthermore, we tested the hypothesis that the D group would demonstrate a greater overall change compared with the N-D group. METHODS In this retrospective study, we reviewed the charts of 95 patients who completed a CR program and collected HRQoL measures using the COOP questionnaire, where lower scores indicate higher HRQoL. RESULTS After CR, COOP scores for both the N-D improved (pre: 20.39 ± 0.79 vs post: 16.06 ± 0.75; P < .05) and D (pre: 20.92 ± 0.88 vs post: 15.84 ± 0.80; P < .05). HRQoL was not different between groups at the start of the program (P = .88) or at the end (P = .58), and thus, the improvement in HRQoL was not different between groups (P = .44). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that D and N-D patients do not differ in their HRQoL at the start or end of CR, and that the 2 groups show similar improvements from attending the program. Larger sample studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Actuating Water Droplets on Graphene via Surface Wettability Gradients.

A surface wettability gradient can break the equilibrium status of a liquid droplet and drives its unidirectional movement on the surface. We propose a conceptual design of the driving water droplet on a graphene surface and demonstrate that both speed and direction of the movement can be controlled via a continuous gradient of surface wettability using comprehensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Controlling the water droplet toward linear and nonlinear arc paths is exemplified in one- and two-dimensional gradients of surface wettability, respectively. Unbalanced Young’s equation is extended to understand the speed of the droplet movement, and the predications agree well with MD simulations.
CHAPTER 45 – A New Paradigm of Cytokine Action Revealed by Viral IL-6 Complexed to gp130: Implications for GCSF Interaction with GCSFR

The gp130-cytokine system has been the subject of extensive protein structure-function studies aimed at elucidating the basis of ligand recognition and receptor activation. A longstanding question has been the architecture of the higher order signaling assembly. It is clear from functional studies that the paradigm of gp130-cytokine recognition will differ substantially from the classical homodimeric systems typified by human growth hormone and its receptor. Recently, the crystal structure of a viral interleukin-6 (IL-6) complexed with the D1, D2, and D3 domains of the gp130 extracellular domain has reconciled much of the functional and mutagenesis data that exist for a variety of gp130-cytokine systems. The topology of the viral IL-6-gp130 assembly also appears to satisfy the structural requirements of an analogous signaling complex of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) and its receptor. A previous crystal structure of an “inactive” form of this complex can be supplanted by a new model incorporating known functional data implicating the N-terminal immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain of the GCSF receptor as the key to assembling an interlocking tetramer, as seen in gp130-cytokines.
Rabbit hindlimb glucose uptake assessed with positron-emitting fluorodeoxyglucose

The feasibility of estimating skeletal muscle glucose uptake in vivo was examined by using the glucose analogue 2-[18F]deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (2-[18F]FDG) in the rabbit hindlimb. A pair of collim...
Sensitive Research and the Collision of Advocacy and Research: Consequences for the Researcher

Doing sensitive research presents particular problems over and above other social science research because of the nature of the issues being asked about and their potential impact on both the participant and the researcher. In some instances, the factors that engage the researcher in the project may also be of interest to advocates who are working for the benefit of the participants in the research. In the current instance, the researcher was interested in understanding the impact of “life without” the possibility of parole on the lives of women convicted of killing their abusers, as well as the impact of their imprisonment and clemency on their families. At the same time, a powerful advocacy group was devoted to gaining clemency for the women. The resulting clash between the goals and purposes of these two entities resulted in a significant impasse and unanticipated consequences for the research agenda as well as the researcher. Analysis of one specific research project and the problems resulting from the clash between researcher and advocates can contribute to the literature on sensitive research as well as on the clashes between advocacy and social science research.
Learning Analytics Methods, Benefits, and Challenges in Higher Education: A Systematic Literature Review.

Higher education for the 21st century continues to promote discoveries in the field through learning analytics (LA). The problem is that the rapid embrace of of LA diverts educators’ attention from clearly identifying requirements and implications of using LA in higher education. LA is a promising emerging field, yet higher education stakeholders need to become further familiar with issues related to the use of LA in higher education. Few studies have synthesized previous studies to provide an overview of LA issues in higher education. To address the problem, a systemic literature review was conducted to provide an overview of methods, benefits, and challenges of using LA in higher education. The literature review revealed that LA uses various methods including visual data analysis techniques, social network analysis, semantic, and educational data mining including prediction, clustering, relationship mining, discovery with models, and separation of data for human judgment to analyze data. The benefits include targeted course offerings, curriculum development, student learning outcomes, behavior and process, personalized learning, improved instructor performance, post-educational employment opportunities, and enhanced research in the field of education. Challenges include issues related to data tracking, collection, evaluation, analysis; lack of connection to learning sciences; optimizing learning environments, and ethical and privacy issues. Such a comprehensive overview provides an integrative report for faculty, course developers, and administrators about methods, benefits, and challenges of LA so that they may apply LA more effectively to improve teaching and learning in higher education.
The Enzymatic Synthesis and Characterization of Disolketal Iminodiacetic Acid (DSIDA)

Disolketal iminodiacetic acid (DSIDA) has been synthesized from the enzyme-catalyzed condensation reaction between derivatives of iminodiacetic acid (IDA) and glycerol. According to all available literature, DSIDA is a novel diester that has never been synthesized. It is a precursor to water-soluble polyhydric alcohols and helps to address the global need of the biodiesel industry to find new uses for glycerol. Reacting diMe-IDA with solketal, a protected glycerol, produced DSIDA in yields as high as 96.4% under optimal reaction conditions of 70 °C and 200 Torr for 24 h. The reaction was monitored using ATR-IR and a validated GC method. ATR-IR monitored the disappearance of the primary solketal alcohol and the appearance of cyclic solketal ether bonds in the molecular backbone of the intermediates and product. Structural analysis of the intermediates and products was performed using two-dimensional NMR, GC, GC–MS and elemental analysis. All spectral data was in agreement with the proposed structures for the chemical reaction. Thermal profiles were determined by TGA to be single-stage decompositions above 160 °C.
Impacts of GPX4 Haploid Insufficiency on Murine Bone Biomechanical Properties

Selenium-dependent phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) catalyzes the reduction of phospholipids hydroperoxides and may affect skeletal development by modulating its redox statu...
Abstract 547: Diagnosis of lung tumor types based on metabolomic profiles in lymph node aspirates

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the US and worldwide. The majority of lung cancer patients are diagnosed with an advanced stage, precluding curable surgical resection, and therapy is limited to thoracic radiation and chemotherapy. The efficacies have improved in recent years due to patient pre-selection based on the cytology of fine needle aspirates of lymph nodes, which harbor circulating tumor cells. We report herein the evaluation of lymph node aspirates for the presence of metabolite features that are suitable to distinguish patients with lung cancer from patients without malignancies and to separate patients with adenocarcinoma from patients with squamous cell carcinoma. The results provide evidence that patient groups can be separated based on their metabolite profiles. Multivariate statistical analyses (PLS and OPLS) produce a set of consensus features that can be further developed into clinical biomarkers. Two of the features were identified as kynurenine and oxidized glutathione, and their identities were confirmed in a second larger sample set. In addition, the accompanying metabolites glutamate, glutamine and tryptophan were included in the validation experiment to utilize relative metabolite ratios as indicators for corresponding enzyme activities. The validation results demonstrate significant differences in metabolites and metabolite ratios between lymph node aspirates harboring a circulating tumor cell and aspirates negative for malignancy. Subsequently, a second set of lymph node samples were analyzed for an extended panel of metabolites and of these 42 were suitable biomarker to be statistically significant to distinguish between at least one of the pair wise comparisons. Together the results demonstrate that metabolite profiles in lymph node aspirates are suitable to differentiate patients with adenocarcinoma from patients with squamous cell carcinoma. Citation Format: Daniel R. Sappington, Scott A. Helms, Eric Siegel, Susanne K. Jeffus, Teka Bartter, Thaddeus Bartter, Gunnar Boysen. Diagnosis of lung tumor types based on metabolomic profiles in lymph node aspirates. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 547. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-547
Chapter 8 – Bands of Knowledge

Chapter Summary Knowledge molds every aspect of human life and embedded behavior within it. Knowledge imprints in the many modes of behavior are as specific as the fingerprints of humans. Whereas fingerprints may retain their patterns for a lifetime, knowledge imprints are dynamic as the personality of the individual, evolving and adapting to the social and cultural environments. At an early age, the initial adaptations may be by trial and error, but the normal mode is intelligent and knowledge based. It is iterative and self-learning. It is scientific and accurate. It becomes beautiful and compassionate as personality itself. In this chapter, we concentrate in the middle stages of being intelligent and knowledge based. Being iterative and self-learning but deploying modern computing ideologies and program-ming aspects at a conceptual level, these machine-based solutions can be more optimal than purely human solutions. The use of the highly evolved computing sciences borders knowledge sciences and is reflected within this new discipline as flowcharts and block diagrams. These precursors to the actual hardware of the knowledge machines, pave the way through knowledge-ware and knowledge modules, knowledge machine language, and knowledge operational codes. Social machines become imminent and human behavior gets streamlined leaning toward respect and trust rather than toward malice and greed in some humans, cultures, societies, and nations!
Analysis of Longissimus thoracis Protein Expression Associated with Variation in Carcass Quality Grade and Marbling of Beef Cattle Raised in the Pacific Northwestern United States

Longissimus thoracis (LD) samples from 500 cattle were screened for protein expression differences relative to carcass quality grade. The LD of the top 5% (low prime and high choice, HQ) and bottom 5% (low select, LQ) carcasses were analyzed using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and Western blot. Following initial screening, 11 candidate proteins were selected for Western blot analyses. Differentially expressed proteins were clustered into four groups: (1) heat shock proteins and oxidative protection, (2) sarcomeric proteins (muscle maturity and fiber type), (3) metabolism and energetics, and (4) miscellaneous proteins. Proteins from groups 1 and 2 were greater in HQ carcasses. Alternatively, increased quantities of proteins from group 3 were observed in LQ carcasses. Proteomic differences provide insights into pathways contributing to carcass quality grade. A deeper understanding of the physiological pathways involved in carcass quality grade development may allow producers to employ produ...
A relational approach to landscape and urbanism: the view from an exclusive suburb

AbstractThis paper promotes a relational (that is, dialectical view) of landscape urbanism through the examination of an exclusive, racialised Northern California suburb as it has developed in relationship to—and cocooned itself from the problems and disamenities of—the broader urban region. Through the case of the wealthy, mostly white town of Moraga, it suggests that landscape studies must be attentive to the larger regional dynamics that produce and reproduce specific places. The argument is both intellectual and political: to the degree that the recent turn to discourses of and practices concerning ‘the right to landscape’ are inattentive to how landscapes are produced, unjustly, through their regional others, then to that degree the right to landscape threatens to reproduce injustice, not overcome it. Thus, the paper argues that any discourse and struggle for the right to landscape must be conjoined with a struggle for the right to the city. It suggests that the right question to ask of the landscape...
Androgyny and Fecundity: Some Features of the Aegyptiaca around the Mediterranean

The Aegyptiaca widespread throughout the Mediterranean region sometimes display androgynous traits. This paper reviews past research on the subject in both foreign Aegyptiaca and in Egyptian art, particularly of the New Kingdom and later, tracing it back to mythological meanings.
Analytic Approaches for the Treatment of Hyperhomocysteinemia and Its Impact on Vascular Disease.

Homocysteine is an intermediary metabolite in the methionine cycle. Accumulation of homocysteine is caused either by mutation of relevant genes or by nutritional depletion of related vitamin(s). This review covers the historical background of hyperhomocysteinemia in which indispensable subjects in relation to underlying pathophysiological processes are discussed with the view of metabolism and genetics of folate and methionine cycles. This review emphasizes the unique role of homocysteine that is clearly distinct from other risk factors, particularly cholesterol in the development of vascular disease. The critical issue in understanding the role of homocysteine is the relation with plasma folic acid. The majority of subjects with homocysteine > 15 μmol/L exhibit plasma folate 15 μmol/L demonstrated a higher prevalence of vascular disease. Analytic approaches to treat hyperhomocysteinemia are discussed in which stepwise administration with nutritional doses of folic acid, 5-methyitetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), and betaine is provided singly or by combined manner based on clinical and laboratory evaluations. Whether correction of hyperhomocysteinemia is able to prevent the development of homocysteine-associated vascular disease remains an unresolved issue. The review discussed a biochemical and mechanistic approach to resolve questions involved in the relation between homocysteine and the development of atherosclerotic vascular disease.
Hetero-Multivalency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lectin LecA Binding to Model Membranes.

A single glycan-lectin interaction is often weak and semi-specific. Multiple binding domains in a single lectin can bind with multiple glycan molecules simultaneously, making it difficult for the classic “lock-and-key” model to explain these interactions. We demonstrated that hetero-multivalency, a homo-oligomeric protein simultaneously binding to at least two types of ligands, influences LecA (a Pseudomonas aeruginosa adhesin)-glycolipid recognition. We also observed enhanced binding between P. aeruginosa and mixed glycolipid liposomes. Interestingly, strong ligands could activate weaker binding ligands leading to higher LecA binding capacity. This hetero-multivalency is probably mediated via a simple mechanism, Reduction of Dimensionality (RD). To understand the influence of RD, we also modeled LecA’s two-step binding process with membranes using a kinetic Monte Carlo simulation. The simulation identified the frequency of low-affinity ligand encounters with bound LecA and the bound LecA’s retention of the low-affinity ligand as essential parameters for triggering hetero-multivalent binding, agreeing with experimental observations. The hetero-multivalency can alter lectin binding properties, including avidities, capacities, and kinetics, and therefore, it likely occurs in various multivalent binding systems. Using hetero-multivalency concept, we also offered a new strategy to design high-affinity drug carriers for targeted drug delivery.
Crystallization and Melting in Glass-Forming Systems

The phenomenology and kinetics of nucleation, crystal growth, and melting in glass-forming systems are discussed. It is shown that studies of transformation kinetics in such systems can help elucidate problems in the field of crystal growth. Consideration is limited to systems which crystallize without change of composition, i.e., pure, single-component materials or congruently melting compunds.
MHC of nonhuman primates

Our understanding of AIDS has been expanded by studies in nonhuman primates. Several vaccine studies in macaques have suggested that a strong immune response to SIV can be generated in appropriately immunized monkeys (Murphy-Corb et al. 1989; Desrosiers et al. 1989). Furthermore, these studies provided the first demonstration that it may be possible to induce a protective immune response against HIV. The cell-mediated immune response to SIV may prove crucial for this vaccine protection. However, to understand the nature of the cellular response to SIV in both immunized and infected monkeys, knowledge of the MHC products involved in the recognition of the virus is crucial. Indeed, in outbred populations, definition of the cellular immune response to a pathogen cannot be carried out without the knowledge of the MHC products involved.
The Intersection of Language and Race among English Learner (EL) Leaders in Desegregated Urban Midwest Schools: A LangCrit Narrative Study.

This inquiry examines how district English Learner (EL) leaders negotiate and shape their linguistic and racial identities within the landscape of racially desegregated urban school districts. Gird...
Acceptability of Management Actions and the Potential for Conflict Following Human-Black Bear Encounters

Despite low numbers for the past century, black bear (Ursus americanus) populations in Alabama appear to be growing. There are often strong emotional reaction and public disagreement toward how wil...
Impact of updated pediatric hypertension guidelines on progression from elevated blood pressure to hypertension in a community‐based primary care population

In 2017, definitions for pediatric hypertension were updated. A threshold of 130/80 mm Hg was introduced for stage 1 hypertension in adolescents, and children with obesity were removed from the reference population, lowering the 95th percentile, compared to the 2004 Fourth Report. The impact of these changes on care for youth with elevated blood pressure has not been well described. The objective of this study was to compare the 2017 and 2004 criteria for hypertension, evaluating how they impact estimates of risks for elevated blood pressure to progress to hypertension. Data came from youth 10-17 years of age with ≥2 elevated blood pressure measurements (≥90th percentile or ≥120/80 mm Hg) between 04/15/2014 and 04/14/2016 and three additional measurements over two subsequent years. Blood pressures were recorded in primary care practices within a large health system, as part of routine care. Rates of incident hypertension following persistent elevated blood pressure based on the 2017 guidelines vs the 2004 Fourth Report were compared. We found, among 2025 youth with persistent elevated blood pressure, 46% were female and mean age was 14.6 years. Over 2 years of follow-up, progression to hypertension occurred in 5.9% using the 2017 guidelines vs 1.1% using 2004 Fourth Report definitions. Using the 2017 criteria, progression was most common in older youth and those with obesity. In conclusion, for most youth, elevated blood pressure does not progress to hypertension within 2 years. However, progression from elevated blood pressure to hypertension was more than 5-fold greater when applying the 2017 guidelines compared to the older 2004 Fourth Report criteria.
A safety review of recent advancements in the treatment of psoriasis: analysis of clinical trial safety data.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The management of psoriasis can include oral medications and injectable biologics. Safety data of these various treatment options are important to consider when choosing the right treatment for the patient.Areas covered: This review evaluates the safety of newer treatments approved for psoriasis, including interleukin-(IL)-17 inhibitors, IL-23/p19 inhibitors, ustekinumab, certolizumab pegol and apremilast, using phases III and IV clinical trial data.Expert opinion: Even as treatment of psoriasis becomes safer, it is important to recognize both common and uncommon adverse effects of treatment. Common adverse effects are similar across treatment options, including upper respiratory infection and injection-site reaction. Serious adverse effects occur less frequently and specific to the psoriasis treatment option, such as inflammatory bowel disease and candida infections with IL-17 inhibitors, tuberculosis with certolizumab pegol, and psychiatric events with apremilast. While IL-23/p19 i...
Multimodality Management of Localized Biliary Cancer

Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are a diverse group of malignancies arising from the biliary tree, including cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder carcinoma. Patients that are candidates for surgical resection should also have lymphadenectomy. Since recurrence rates are high, after surgical resection, patients should be considered for adjuvant therapy in a multidiscipline setting. The limited availability of randomized clinical trial data makes the optimal treatment option unclear; however, chemotherapy or chemoradiation has been shown to have benefits especially in patients with R1 or R2 resections or lymph node involvement. Patients with unresectable disease should be considered for neoadjuvant therapy with chemotherapy or chemoradiation. Patients that are unable to tolerate chemotherapy should also be considered for locoregional therapies. Clinical trial enrollment is strongly recommended for all patients. Trials involving targeted or immunotherapy are currently ongoing in patients with advanced disease.
Proportional Myoelectric Control of a Powered Ankle Prosthesis for Postural Control under Expected Perturbation: A Pilot Study

In this study we aimed to investigate the potential for antagonistic residual muscles to generate anticipatory and compensatory postural adjustments and their benefit to postural control with proportional myoelectric control of a powered ankle prosthesis. We conducted this investigation using a predictable pendulum drop task with a single transtibial amputee. In two individual testing sessions the participant used his prescribed passive device and a powered device with pneumatic artificial muscles actuated proportionally to the activation of residual Tibialis Anterior (TA) and Lateral Gastrocnemius (GAS) muscles. Results demonstrated the transtibial amputee generated activations from the residual TA significantly earlier in the powered condition $(p=\theta.\theta\theta 7)$. In the powered condition anticipatory center of pressure excursions were significantly higher $(p=\theta.\theta 17)$, and peak center of mass excursions were reduced $(p=\theta.\theta 21)$. Peak medio-lateral center of pressure excursions were also significantly less in the direction of the intact limb for the powered condition $(p\ =\ \theta.\theta\theta 3)$. The results from this pilot study demonstrate the promise for transtibial amputees to generate anticipatory postural adjustments as well as the potential improvement of stability under expected perturbations. This pilot study provides an initial basis for future study using proportional myoelectric control via antagonistic residual muscles for the control of posture under expected perturbations.
The Biological Properties of High-Energy Heavy Charged Particles

A number of studies are presently underway at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory to evaluate the potential of high-energy charged-particle beams for use in radiotherapy. The scope of the ongoing studies is such that only a portion can be reviewed in the present paper. Emphasis is placed here on the results of those studies in which comparisons have been made between the beams of the available ions, i.e., carbon, neon and argon. Also, studies are stressed which have gathered data on the broad beams spread in depth, which are most interesting to the radiotherapist. After a survey is presented of the properties of relative biological effectiveness (RBE) and oxygen enhancement ratio (OER), some rather interesting and not altogether expected characteristics of these beams are discussed.
The Role of Theoretical Frameworks in Mathematics Education Research

Although both novice and experienced researchers can struggle with what theoretical frameworks are and why they are necessary, it is nevertheless clear that they are an important part of designing, carrying out, and reporting on research in our field. In this chapter, we attempt to clarify the roles played by theoretical frameworks in mathematics education and to explain why they are important and useful, both to individual researchers and to the field as a whole. Finally, we provide some examples of how different frameworks might be applied to a typical set of data: videotaped whole-class, teacher-student, and student-student interactions in a mathematics classroom.
Predicting failure of notched cross-laminated timber plates including the effect of environmental stresses

This paper derives analytical predictions for notched cross-laminated timber (CLT) plate delamination using fracture mechanics for crack propagation from the notch root. The analysis accounts for b...
Assessing Subjects’ Construal of the Laboratory Situation

The manner in which subjects in laboratory research perceive, understand, and respond to the situations created for them has been a topic of widespread interest and great controversy throughout the history of psychology. One could argue, in fact, that no serious examination of human behavior can escape considering the subjects’ understanding of the situations in which they are studied: Regardless of whether people have an accurate understanding of their world, they base their actions (at least in part) on the world as they understand it (see Heider, 1958; Kelley, 1967, 1973; Kelly, 1955; Jones & Davis, 1965). Laboratory research is, of course, an attempt to create a highly controlled, well-specified situation in order to test propositions about subjects’ responses to that situation. This chapter will emphasize that a complete understanding of a subject’s actions in the laboratory requires a careful assessment of the subject’s perceptions of that situation, and also that careful attention be given to a number of potential pitfalls.* Both the essential nature of assessing the subject’s psychological state, and the dangers lurking in such assessment, can be demonstrated by considering as our starting point the role of the manipulation check in experimental research.
Beyond the Maslach burnout inventory: addressing emergency medicine burnout with Maslach's full theory

Burnout, a psychological syndrome emerging as a prolonged response to chronic interpersonal stressors on the job, remains a substantial problem for emergency physicians, leading to decreased quality of care and attrition from the workforce. The majority of prior work on burnout in emergency medicine has focused on individualized solutions, which have demonstrated modest efficacy for ameliorating burnout. However, recent studies suggest that burnout in medicine is primarily caused by workplace factors (eg, unmanageable workloads, unreasonable time pressures) and therefore requires solutions at an organizational level. In her decades of research across industries, Christina Maslach identified 6 domains of organizations that can either promote engagement or lead to burnout. In this article, we apply Maslach's 6 domains to emergency medicine to provide a systematic framework for alleviating burnout and promoting engagement among emergency physicians. By considering the domains of workload, reward, control, fairness, community, and value congruence, emergency medicine leaders can develop and deploy more effective interventions aimed at improving the experience and longevity of physicians across our specialty.
Reoperation for Bladder Cancer

Bladder cancer remains a significant health problem, with 67,160 new cases expected in 2007.1 Bladder cancer disproportionately affects men and persons greater than 65 years of age. This year 50,040 men and 17,120 women will be diagnosed; 9630 men and 4120 women will die from their disease.1 Bladder cancer is a complex disease, imparting a wide range of cancer risk to patients, resulting in a wide spectrum of treatments. Nearly 70% of tumors present at an early stage2 (Ta, Tis, or T1), the majority of which may be initially treated with transurethral resection with or without intravesical chemotherapy or immunotherapy depending on tumor and patient characteristics. Reoperation for early-stage bladder cancer generally results from complications from the endoscopic resection, covered fully in Chapter 17 of this text.
Combined Neural Network Potential and Density Functional Theory Study of TiAl2O5 Surface Morphology and Oxygen Reduction Reaction Overpotentials

Titanium alloys, such as Ti-6Al-4V, are used in a variety of applications due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance. Despite resisting corrosion, Ti-6Al-4V facilitates the...