cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Online Sensor Error Detection and Functional Redundancy for Artificial Pancreas Control Systems

Abstract Artificial pancreas (AP) control systems rely on signals from glucose sensors to collect glucose concentration (GC) information from people with Type 1 diabetes and compute insulin infusion rates to maintain GC within a desired range Sensor performance is often limited by sensor errors, communication interruptions and noise A hybrid online sensor error detection and functional redundancy system is developed to detect errors in online signals, and replace erroneous or missing values detected with model-based estimates. The proposed hybrid system relies on two techniques, an outlier-robust Kalman filter (ORKF) and a locally-weighted partial least squares (LW-PLS) regression model. This leverages the advantages of automatic measurement error elimination with ORKF and data-driven prediction with LW-PLS. A novel method called nominal angle analysis is proposed to distinguish between signal faults and large changes in sensor values caused by real dynamic changes in the metabolism The performance of the system is illustrated with clinical data from continuous glucose monitoring sensors collected from people with Type 1 diabetes.
An algorithm to screen for preeclampsia using a smart phone

Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal death in developing and underdeveloped countries. A simple urine test, called the Congo Red Dot Test (CRD Test), was recently proposed to screen for preeclampsia. This paper reports an algorithm for automatically quantifying and interpreting the CRD Test. The algorithm can be easily programmed as an app on a smart phone. When evaluated on a pilot data set, the screening accuracy of the algorithm is high. The CRD Test and the algorithm can be easily deployed in resource-limited countries.
Hydrocarbon microseepage-related geobotanical analysis in and around oil fields

Hydrocarbon microseepage can be detected by its altering effect on rocks, soils, and overlying vegetation. This study examines the impact of hydrocarbon seepage on vegetation. Microseeping hydrocarbons alter soil chemistry, often creating an environment that can impact the health of overlying vegetation; these effects can be observed using remote sensing. Blackburn and Eagle Springs oil fields in Nevada; Patrick Draw and Little Buffalo Basin oil fields in Wyoming; and Cement oil field in Oklahoma were selected for this study because previous investigations confirmed the presence of microseeping hydrocarbons in these locations. In this study, moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer's (MODIS) monthly average normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data from January 2003 to December 2012 were used to observe vegetation health inside oil fields. Average NDVI was calculated for these locations. The typical range of NDVI in desert environments, such as those observed in semi-arid desert environments...
An efficient time series subsequence pattern mining and prediction framework with an application to respiratory motion prediction

Traditional time series analysis methods are limited on some complex real-world time series data. Respiratory motion prediction is one of such challenging problems. The memory-based nearest neighbor approaches have shown potentials in predicting complex nonlinear time series compared to many traditional parametric prediction models. However, the massive time series subsequences representation, the similarity distance measures, the number of nearest neighbors, and the ensemble functions create challenges as well as limit the performance of nearest neighbor approaches in complex time series prediction. To address these problems, we propose a flexible time series pattern representation and selection framework, called the orthogonal-polynomial-based variant-nearest-neighbor (OPVNN) approach. For the respiratory motion prediction problem, the proposed approach achieved the highest and most robust prediction performance compared to the state-of-the-art time series prediction methods. With a solid mathematical and theoretical foundation in orthogonal polynomials, the proposed time series representation, subsequence pattern mining and prediction framework has a great potential to benefit those industry and medical applications that need to handle highly nonlinear and complex time series data streams, such as quasi-periodic ones.
Automatic localization of cochlear implant electrodes in CTs with a limited intensity range

Cochlear implants (CIs) are neural prosthetics for treating severe-to-profound hearing loss. Our group has developed an image-guided cochlear implant programming (IGCIP) system that uses image analysis techniques to recommend patientspecific CI processor settings to improve hearing outcomes. One crucial step in IGCIP is the localization of CI electrodes in post-implantation CTs. Manual localization of electrodes requires time and expertise. To automate this process, our group has proposed automatic techniques that have been validated on CTs acquired with scanners that produce images with an extended range of intensity values. However, there are many clinical CTs acquired with a limited intensity range. This limitation complicates the electrode localization process. In this work, we present a pre-processing step for CTs with a limited intensity range and extend the methods we proposed for full intensity range CTs to localize CI electrodes in CTs with limited intensity range. We evaluate our method on CTs of 20 subjects implanted with CI arrays produced by different manufacturers. Our method achieves a mean localization error of 0.21mm. This indicates our method is robust for automatic localization of CI electrodes in different types of CTs, which represents a crucial step for translating IGCIP from research laboratory to clinical use.
On Brain Circuits and Tools: Switches for Locomotion, Reward, and a Viral-based Approach to Non-invasive Whole-brain Cargo Delivery

Viral-based approaches to non-invasive whole-brain cargo delivery complement methods to visualize, monitor, and modulate mammalian brain circuits for behavioral studies
Delineating Research Forums for Business and Management Education Scholars

We used bibliometric to examine the contents and influence of journals that publish articles on business education. Based upon that analysis, we created indices for both the likelihood a journal is...
“Even Better Than the Real Thing”: Narratives of the Self in Codependency

This paper argues that the self is best understood as a narrative in progress, rather than a collection of roles or the outcome of a competent performance. Self-narratives draw integrity from institutions, without which they would be groundless, inconsistent, or fanciful. Institutions make self-stories convincing—for tellers and others—by providing formulas, supporting characters, and “autobiographical occasions” that trigger the telling. Relationships are especially significant institutional anchors for selfhood. The loss of that anchor through breaking up, or “uncoupling,” requires a particular kind of story that accounts for the loss and minimizes the stigma of failure. A ready-made formula for such stories is offered by the self-help group Codependents Anonymous. Those attracted to the discourse of codependency gain a formula and occasion for generating revised self-stories. Consequently, the group becomes a new institutional anchor for the self that replaces the one lost during uncoupling.
‘Carving the Complete Edition’: Self-commentary, Poetry, and Illustration in the Early-Qing Erotic Novel Romance of an Embroidered Screen (1670)

Scholars of late imperial Chinese fiction have demonstrated that Ming ‘literati novels’ possessed both intellectual sophistication and aesthetic seriousness. Nonetheless, the large corpus of mid-length fictional narratives of the Qing remains mired in problematic assumptions about its ostensibly popular nature. The self-commentaried edition of Embroidered screen ( Xiuping yuan ) presents a salient example for reassessing the nature of Qing novels and the reading of fiction in the seventeenth century. First circulated in manuscript copies, extensive auto-commentary was added when the novel was committed to print. The commented edition incorporates different genres—poetry, examination essay, and anecdotal accounts—as well as visual elements, all intended to appeal to elite literati tastes among Qing readers. Its literary, visual, and formal heteroglossia also contributed to its popularity in eighteenth-century Japan, which in turn secured its preservation and eventual modern rediscovery, even while it fell into obscurity in Qing China, most likely due to political censorship.
Shining Path’s Literary System: The Barbarians Within Us

In the midst of the 1960s alphabet soup of Marxist revolutionaries, an offshoot of Peru’s Communist Party founded Shining Path. The rebel commander, philosophy professor Abimael Guzman, merged the ...
The iron cage of organizational rankings: How law school rankings affect admissions decisions

This study examines the middle-status conformity hypotheses in regards to how an organization acquires critical resources from factor markets. We extend previous research in this area by investigating both the between and within-tier variance of conforming behaviors for high, middle, and low-ranked organizations. We suggest that the within-tier variance is strongest amongst middle-status organizations and that this variance is explained by the organization’s distance to the top tier. We examine our hypotheses in the context of the U.S. legal education industry, observing how law school rankings impact student admission decisions.
Management of Chronic Stable Angina.

Chronic stable angina (CSA) is a symptomatic problem that is precipitated by ischemic heart disease. CSA is diagnosed when symptoms are present for at least 2 months without changes in severity, character, or triggering circumstances. This article is a summary of current treatment strategies aimed to prevent progression of atherosclerosis, and medication therapies to control angina symptoms and improve quality of life for the individual.
Precipitation–Microstructure Interactions in the Li-Sulfur Battery Electrode

Formation and precipitation of insulating discharge products, such as Li2S, in the lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery cathode, leads to deleterious performance decay. Physicochemical interactions underlying the cathode microstructure evolution due to precipitation are hitherto poorly understood. In this work, a mesoscale understanding of the microstructure–precipitate interplay owing to surface passivation and pore blockage is presented. Mesoporous, carbon-based cathode microstructures are examined for disparate precipitate morphology and growth. The pore-scale manifestation of the microstructural and transport limitations on the electrochemical performance is elucidated. Surface passivation and pore blockage effects are examined for complexations due to sulfur loading, electrolyte volume, pore size, and precipitate morphology. This study provides critical insights into the underlying mesoscale physics and microstructural stochasticity on the Li–S battery performance.
The Relationship of Presenting Problems to Family Conflicts

The complexities and difficulties in establishing specific linkages between the presenting problem and family conflicts include: differences in philosophy, changing value systems and developments i...
A Theocracy Under Threat

In the 1970s, oil became the new gold and oil pricing replaced the gold standard in our carbon economy. This power, and the oil economy that facilitated it, is weakening. For Saudi this suggests a very different future and raises the specter of implosion of the kingdom and its oil-dependent economy if it does not diversify in time. There are many nations that could fail and cause little more than a ripple in geopolitical terms, but Saudi has for so long been pivotal in the Middle East that even a severe weakening, let alone failing, is a problem for all. Already Saudi is in the early stages of changing from being a Cold War partner against godless communism into a less-than-trusted partner. This is a mistake and will not help in dealing with the global political presence of Islamic radicalism. It is also a mistake to demand a reformation in Islam or in Saudi, for the reasons stated earlier. If we are to have a global peace in Islam then the solution for the world may be to have a strong Saudi Arabia and one that is not less Islamic, but more Islamic. Saudi is pivotal in Islam due to its role of custodian, and it should use this as a basis to foster more positive diplomatic relations with all nations, not just by being the “American Islam.” What has truly destabilized Saudi’s status in international relations is the tipping toward Iran, which is leading to increasing uncertainty in the kingdom and destabilizing effects. Iran is part of minority Islam, but that doesn’t stop it from seeking to promote itself as the true home of Islam in opposition to Saudi. A major external pressure in recent years has been the nature of the American relationship, which deteriorated under both President George W. Bush and President Barack Obama. Pressure has been mounting on the United States to forsake its long relationship in part to force Saudi to change its attitude on human rights violations and gender issues, and in part because it is felt the relationship is losing its benefits. The notions that working together would promote internal change and help in regional affairs have been discredited in many quarters. In remarks at the American University in Cairo made on 20 June 2005, the US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice noted that “for 60 years, my country, the United States, pursued stability at the expense of democracy in this region here in the Middle East – and we achieved neither” (https://2001-2009.state.gov/secretary/rm/2005/48328.htm).
The Future of Interleukin-2: Enhancing Therapeutic Anticancer Vaccines

Interleukin (IL)-2 induces durable complete responses in patients with metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma, yet in only about 20% of patients treated with IL-2 will an objective tumor regression be observed, and only about one third of responding patients (approximately 7% of treated patients) will have a complete response.1–4 Although the mechanism of action of IL-2 therapy in humans is not known with certainty, in mouse models therapeutic effects are largely mediated by T lymphocytes.5 Administration of IL-2 is thought to cause the widespread expansion of T cells, some of which appear to be specific for antigens presented on the surfaces of tumor cells, and it is presumably these T cells that mediate tumor regression. In fact, IL-2 therapy combined with tumor-specific T lymphocytes expanded in vitro doubled the response rate in melanoma patients (34%) compared with response rates that have been achieved with high-dose IL-2 therapy alone (17%).3,6 This suggests that an important denominator for the success of IL-2 therapy is the frequency of tumor-specific T cells capable of responding to IL-2. If one could increase the frequency of these tumor-specific, IL-2—responsive T cells, the result might be an immune response that is stronger and more tumor specific, possibly leading to a higher rate of tumor regression. Recent advances in the cloning of tumor-specific antigens have enabled the development of antigen-specific cancer vaccines that could elicit such a response. A successful anticancer vaccine must induce a powerful tumor antigen-specific immune response capable of eradicating widely disseminated malignant disease. Animal models have guided the design of therapeutic regimens that combine synthetic cancer vaccines with IL-2, and the first clinical results have confirmed some of the predictions based on these models. However, while promising, the results also raise pressing new questions regarding the use of IL-2 in combination with vaccines in new animal and clinical studies.
Selective Breeding for an Infantile Phenotype (Isolation Calling)

Since its origin more than 30 years ago, developmental psychobiology has had as its central focus the role of early experience in the development of behavior and physiology. Genetically heterogeneous strains have generally been used in order to assure that any effects of experimentally altered early environments would not be likely to depend upon a unique genetic contribution. There were early interests in genetic effects, however, and in some instances, specific inbred strains were used in order to study environmental effects on a particular vulnerability or predisposition. It did not take researchers long to realize that the early environment of most mammals and birds consists of a complex and changing interaction with its parents and siblings. To better understand the mysteries of the prenatal and preweaning environments, an array of novel methods and approaches have been created that continue to be effectively used by researchers in developmental psychobiology. Yet this focus has come at a cost. There have been few cross-disciplinary efforts with the field of behavior genetics. This emphasis on environmental over genetic contributions to development over the last decades could perhaps have been justified on the grounds that the early genetic contribution could not be as readily described mechanistically or varied experimentally. In the past few years this picture has changed radically and so has the biological orientation toward genetic determinism. Development can now be studied by manipulating identified genes with known cellular effects at specific stages of development.
Anteroposterior Pattern Formation in the Leech Embryo

Publisher Summary The leech embryo develops via a stereotyped sequence of cell divisions, and thus it is feasible to uniquely identify cells of the developing embryo by their lineage history. In glossiphoniid leeches such as Helobdella triserialis and Theromyzon rude, the early embryo is large and readily amenable to experimental manipulation. Considerable progress has been made in understanding the cellular events and to some extent also the molecular events that underlie the initial patterning of the anteroposterior (AP) axis. The large size of the nervous system in late embryos has permitted elegant analysis of AP patterning events associated with terminal cell differentiation. One modification involves the degree to which segmentation or other aspects of AP patterning depend on an invariant pattern of cell lineage. Many features of leech segmentation are closely tied to a segmentally repetitive sequence of cell lineages, and in this regard the leech embryo provides an interesting counterpoint to the other segmented animals currently in use as model systems.
Simple and Compound Microscopes

The limiting resolution d, the distance between two points barely resolved by the human eye, is called visual acuity. It varies directly with the distance D between the object and the eye. In Figure 3.1 the eye’s viewing angle V is greatly exaggerated, and the distance D from object to eye is not to scale with respect to A, which separates the barely resolved points P and P. It is seen from the diagram that if the nearer distance D’ to the closer points P’ and P’ is exactly half the distance D, then the barely resolved distance d’ between P’ and P’ is exactly half d.(1) This direct relationship persists as the object is brought closer and closer to the unaided eye, until the object is brought to a certain minimal distance, approximately 250 mm from the normal eye. At this distance of closest vision, the eye can resolve two points which are about 0.15 mm apart.(2) These limits are set by the numerical aperture NA = 0.002 for the eye with its iris diaphragm wide open (Table 2.2). At this setting the eye’s lens (Figure 2.10) is as thick as is physiologically possible.
Fc Receptor Phagocytosis

Antigen recognition by cells of the immune system occurs via many mechanisms. One important family of receptors involved in the recognition of immunoglobulin (Ig) coated particles and complexes are Fc receptors. Fc receptors recognize the Fc portion of Ig and are accordingly grouped into subfamilies. They are named depending upon which class of Ig they bind. The major Fc receptors are Fca receptors which bind IgG, FcaR that bind IgA and FcaR bind IgE.1, 2, 3, 4 Fc receptors are responsible for such functions as endocytosis,5, 6, 7, 8 phago-cytosis,9, 10, 11, 12 granule release,13, 14, 15, 16, 17 reactive mediator release and cell activation/cytotoxicity.18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23Fc receptors are found on specific cell types corresponding to their ability to recognize Ig. For example, Fcγ receptors are found primarily on eosinophils, basophils and mast cells where they trigger histamine release from intracellular granules whereas Fca receptors are found primarily on neutrophils, macrophages and monocytes where they can detect and phagocytose IgG coated pathogens.14,15
Implicit and explicit influences of religious cognition on Dictator Game transfers

Does religion promote prosocial behaviour? Despite numerous publications that seem to answer this question affirmatively, divergent results from recent meta-analyses and pre-registered replication efforts suggest that the issue is not yet settled. Uncertainty lingers around (i) whether the effects of religious cognition on prosocial behaviour were obtained through implicit cognitive processes, explicit cognitive processes or both and (ii) whether religious cognition increases generosity only among people disinclined to share with anonymous strangers. Here, we report two experiments designed to address these concerns. In Experiment 1, we sought to replicate Shariff and Norenzayan's demonstration of the effects of implicit religious priming on Dictator Game transfers to anonymous strangers; unlike Shariff and Norenzayan, however, we used an online environment where anonymity was virtually assured. In Experiment 2, we introduced a 'taking' option to allow greater expression of baseline selfishness. In both experiments, we sought to activate religious cognition implicitly and explicitly, and we investigated the possibility that religious priming depends on the extent to which subjects view God as a punishing, authoritarian figure. Results indicated that in both experiments, religious subjects transferred more money on average than did non-religious subjects. Bayesian analyses supported the null hypothesis that implicit religious priming did not increase Dictator Game transfers in either experiment, even among religious subjects. Collectively, the two experiments furnished support for a small but reliable effect of explicit priming, though among religious subjects only. Neither experiment supported the hypothesis that the effect of religious priming depends on viewing God as a punishing figure. Finally, in a meta-analysis of relevant studies, we found that the overall effect of implicit religious priming on Dictator Game transfers was small and did not statistically differ from zero.
Reconstruction Aid, Public Infrastructure, and Economic Development: The Case of the Marshall Plan in Italy

The Marshall Plan (1948–1952) was the largest aid transfer in history. This paper estimates its effects on Italy’s postwar local economic development. It exploits plausibly exogenous differences between Italian provinces in the value of reconstruction grants they received. Provinces that could modernize a larger portion of their infrastructure stock experienced higher increases in agricultural production, especially for perishable crops that benefited the most from an efficient transportation system. In the same provinces, we observe larger investments in labor-saving machines, the entry of more firms into the industrial sector, and a larger expansion of the industrial and service workforce.
The role of pediatricians in global health

Ninety percent of the world's children live in low- and middle-income countries, where barriers to health contribute to significant child morbidity and mortality. The American Academy of Pediatrics is dedicated to the health and well-being of all children. To fulfill this promise, this policy statement defines the role of the pediatrician in global health and provides a specific set of recommendations directed to all pediatricians, emphasizing the importance of global health as an integral function of the profession of pediatrics.
Fructose acutely stimulates NKCC2 activity in rat thick ascending limbs by increasing surface NKCC2 expression.

The thick ascending limb (TAL) reabsorbs 25% of the filtered NaCl through the Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter (NKCC2). NKCC2 activity is directly related to surface NKCC2 expression and phosphorylation. ...
Choosing a laser for laser speckle contrast imaging

The use of laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) has expanded rapidly for characterizing the motion of scattering particles. Speckle contrast is related to the dynamics of the scattering particles via a temporal autocorrelation function, but the quality of various elements of the imaging system can adversely affect the quality of the signal recorded by LSCI. While it is known that the laser coherence affects the speckle contrast, it is generally neglected in in vivo LSCI studies and was not thoroughly addressed in a practical matter. In this work, we address the question of how the spectral width of the light source affects the speckle contrast both experimentally and through numerical simulations. We show that commonly used semiconductor laser diodes have a larger than desired spectral width that results in a significantly reduced speckle contrast compared with ideal narrow band lasers. This results in a reduced signal-to-noise ratio for estimating changes in the motion of scattering particles. We suggest using a volume holographic grating stabilized laser diode or other diodes that have a spectrum of emitted light narrower than ≈1 nm to improve the speckle contrast.
Histopathological Aspects of Bag-in-the-Lens Implantation

The bag-in-the-lens implant, when correctly implanted, eliminates posterior capsule opacification (PCO) by trapping the remaining lens epithelial cells in the groove of the lens. This chapter describes the histological appearance of the trapped cells postmortem in six cases (four patients). Gross morphology was examined by mounting the anterior segment and observing it from the posterior (Miyake-Apple view) and by ultrasound. Microscopic investigation revealed lens epithelial cells proliferating in the bag remnants. When the lens was correctly implanted, this proliferation was confined to the capsular space trapped by the lens groove.
Computers Interacting with the Physical World: A First-Year Course

Most introductory embedded systems offerings are upper-division courses. At Washington Univ. in St. Louis, embedded systems principles are introduced in a first-year course that is required for both computer scientists and computer engineers. This paper describes the motivation for the course, its content, the pedagogical techniques used, and lessons learned while developing and administering the course.
Acetabular Subchondral and Cortical Perforation During Labral Repair With Suture Anchors: Influence of Portal Location, Curved Versus Straight Drill Guides, and Drill Starting Point.

PURPOSE To evaluate the impact of the portal used for drilling, the position of the drill guide on the acetabular rim, and the use of straight versus curved drill guides on drill perforation of the acetabular subchondral bone and the outer cortex of the acetabulum. METHODS Sixty acetabular models were marked at the 3-, 2-, 1-, 12-, and 11-o'clock positions. Simulated anterior, anterolateral, and distal anterolateral accessory (DALA) portals were created. Twelve groups of 5 acetabula were drilled at each clock-face position using all combinations of variables. RESULTS A total of 38 of 300 drillings (12.7%) perforated the subchondral bone, and 45 of 300 (15%) breached the outer cortex. Drilling from the anterior, anterolateral, and DALA portals perforated the acetabular subchondral bone on 21 of 100 attempts (21%), 17 of 100 attempts (17%), and 0 of 100 attempts (0%), respectively (P < .001), and perforated the outer acetabular cortex on 36 of 100 attempts (36%), 1 of 100 attempts (1%), and 8 of 100 attempts (8%), respectively (P < .001). The use of a curved or straight drill guide did not make a statistically significant difference. Drilling with a starting point on the acetabular rim perforated the acetabular subchondral bone on 29 of 150 attempts (19.3%) compared with 9 of 150 attempts (6%) when the starting point was 2 mm removed from the acetabular rim (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The use of the DALA portal and a drill starting point slightly off the acetabular rim was associated with the lowest rate of acetabular subchondral perforation and is recommended to reduce the risk of iatrogenic chondral injury. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Iatrogenic chondral injury is a relatively common complication of hip arthroscopy. Increased awareness of factors associated with drill perforation during suture anchor placement can help surgeons mitigate this risk.
Impact of Weather on Shared Electric Scooter Utilization

Shared electric scooters (e-scooters) have been deployed over the past year in urban areas around the world with widely varying weather conditions. Many agencies have trip level record data sharing agreements with e-scooter providers to provide insight into how this new transportation mode is used in the urban ecosystem. There are considerable anecdotal media reports of usage during widely varying weather conditions, but few studies have been conducted to examine the weather impact on urban e-scooter utilization. This paper uses statistical modelling to analyze hourly weather factors (surface temperature, precipitation, snow, wind speed) with hourly trips to understand the impact of weather on e-scooter usage. A six-month period of historical e-scooter trip data was acquired from City of Indianapolis for this study. Although the number of trips reduced over 80% during the winter months, the median trip distance and duration only dropped slightly. Scooter utilization rate per day also dropped by approximately two-thirds during winter months. Usage was more sensitive to temperatures below freezing and snowfall than rain.
Uniquely Qualified: The Constitutionality of Police and Clergy Alliances

In October 2013, the American Atheists and the Freedom From Religion Foundation both threatened to sue Montgomery, Alabama over a controversial new initiative: Operation Good Shepherd. This initiative was designed by the city to leverage the resources of local clergy to help prevent crime and comfort victims and their families at crime scenes. While Operation Good Shepherd has received significant media attention following the publication of a September 2013 article in The Atlantic magazine questioning its constitutionality, it is not unique. Dozens of police departments in the past few decades have been teaming up with local clergy to create so-called “police and clergy alliances.”This Note will analyze the constitutionality of Operation Good Shepherd and similar police and clergy alliances by applying several of the Supreme Court’s Establishment Clause tests to different aspects of the program. This Note will then argue that police and clergy alliances do not violate the Establishment Clause so long as volunteers respect the programs’ secular purposes and refrain from proselyting or talking about religious issues without the consent of program beneficiaries.
Tussen liefhebbers en professionals. Het "groene tijdschrift", 1978-2007

Gewina, the Dutch society for the history of science and medicine, started a newsletter in 1957. In 1978, this was converted into an official journal, Tijdschrift voor de Geschiedenis der Geneeskunde, Natuurwetenschappen, Wiskunde, en Techniek. Initially it was published by Rodopi in Amsterdam, but in 1992 it went over to Erasmus Publishing in Rotterdam under the new name of Gewina. The journal was to serve both the interests of the members of the society, who were mostly amateurs, especially from the medical profession, and the promotion and professionalization of the history of science and medicine in the academic world. These two objectives appeared hard to reconcile. Because of the increasing application of academic standards, the medical amateurs felt increasingly less at home. On the other hand, developments in scientific publishing and increasing burocratic tendencies at the universities put the right to existence of a Dutch-language journal into question in the academic world as well. In 2007, the society decided to join forces with some other Dutch and Belgian societies. This led to the end of Gewina and the start of the new journal Studium.
The hepatic microenvironment uniquely protects leukemia cells through induction of growth and survival pathways mediated by LIPG.

Due to the disseminated nature of leukemia, malignant cells are exposed to many different tissue microenvironments, including a variety of extramedullary sites. In the present study, we demonstrate that leukemic cells residing in the liver display unique biological properties and also contribute to systemic changes that influence physiologic responses to chemotherapy. Specifically, the liver microenvironment induces metabolic adaptations via upregulating expression of endothelial lipase in leukemia cells, which not only stimulates tumor cell proliferation through polyunsaturated fatty acid-mediated pathways, but also promotes survival by stabilizing antiapoptotic proteins. Additionally, hepatic infiltration and tissue damage caused by malignant cells induces release of liver-derived enzymes capable of degrading chemotherapy drugs, an event that further protects leukemia cells from conventional therapies. Together, these studies demonstrate a unique role for liver in modulating the pathogenesis of leukemic disease and suggest that the hepatic microenvironment may protect leukemia cells from chemotherapeutic challenge. SIGNIFICANCE: The studies presented herein demonstrate that the liver provides a microenvironment in which leukemia cells acquire unique metabolic properties. The adaptations that occur in the liver confer increased resistance to chemotherapy. Therefore, we propose that therapies designed to overcome liver-specific metabolic changes will yield improved outcomes for patients with leukemia.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 211.
Introduction to SODAR and RASS-Wind Profiler Radar Systems

This chapter introduces the basic principles of radio-acoustic active devices devoted to the observations of atmospheric temperature and wind profiles. In the first part, the Doppler radar technique is presented and a brief history of the use of radars in the study of the atmosphere is reviewed. The concepts leading to the radar equation are given, and the methods for wind and temperature measurements are discussed. In particular, the derivation of mean radial motion, wind shear, turbulence parameters, and boundary layer structure from the zeroth, first, and second moment of the Doppler spectrum is explained. Furthermore, this chapter introduces the instruments wind profiler radar, Radio Acoustic Sounding System (RASS), and SOund Detection And Ranging (SODAR).
Heterotopic gastric mucosa and intestinal atresia in a neonate.

Jejunal atresia is a well-known congenital malformation attributed to in utero ischemic events. Heterotopic gastric mucosa (HGM), or gastric tissue present in a location other than the stomach, is ...
A Longitudinal Observational Study of Multimorbidity and Partner Support for Physical Activity Among People with Osteoarthritis

Physical activity can improve osteoarthritis-related symptoms; however, many people with osteoarthritis (PWOA) are insufficiently active. Social support for physical activity from an intimate partner can help PWOA increase activity, but managing multiple, chronic physical or mental health conditions (i.e., multimorbidity) may influence provision and receipt of that support. Data from a 1-year longitudinal observational study was used to examine associations between multimorbidity and three dimensions of partner support for physical activity—companionship partner support (doing activity together), enacted partner support, and social support effectiveness—in 169 insufficiently active PWOA and their partners. Multivariable-adjusted multi-level models indicated baseline differences in support by multimorbidity status: when partners had multimorbidity, PWOA reported receiving less companionship support and less effective support from partners; when PWOA had multimorbidity, partners reported providing less enacted support and both partners and PWOA reported less effective partner support. Broad trends (p < .05) indicate initial increases and subsequent decreases in companionship and enacted partner support when PWOA had multimorbidity, and among partners with and without multimorbidity. When PWOA had multimorbidity, an initial increase in support effectiveness was followed by no significant change; a similar trend was seen among partners with and without multimorbidity. Multimorbidity may generally contribute to less partner support for physical activity or less effective support, although influences on support over time are less clear. Physical activity interventions for couples experiencing multimorbidity would likely benefit from attention to the impact of multiple chronic health conditions on physical activity and physical activity–related partner support.
Frequent somatic TET2 mutations in chronic NK-LGL leukemia with distinct patterns of cytopenias

Abstract Chronic natural killer large granular lymphocyte (NK-LGL) leukemia, also referred to as chronic lymphoproliferative disorder of NK cells, is a rare disorder defined by prolonged expansion of clonal NK cells. Similar prevalence of STAT3 mutations in chronic T-LGL and NK-LGL leukemia is suggestive of common pathogenesis. We undertook whole-genome sequencing to identify mutations unique to NK-LGL leukemia. The results were analyzed to develop a resequencing panel that was applied to 58 patients. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway gene mutations (PIK3CD/PIK3AP1) and TNFAIP3 mutations were seen in 5% and 10% of patients, respectively. TET2 was exceptional in that mutations were present in 16 (28%) of 58 patient samples, with evidence that TET2 mutations can be dominant and exclusive to the NK compartment. Reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing revealed that methylation patterns were significantly altered in TET2 mutant samples. The promoter of TET2 and that of PTPRD, a negative regulator of STAT3, were found to be methylated in additional cohort samples, largely confined to the TET2 mutant group. Mutations in STAT3 were observed in 19 (33%) of 58 patient samples, 7 of which had concurrent TET2 mutations. Thrombocytopenia and resistance to immunosuppressive agents were uniquely observed in those patients with only TET2 mutation (Games-Howell post hoc test, P = .0074; Fisher's exact test, P = .00466). Patients with STAT3 mutation, inclusive of those with TET2 comutation, had lower hematocrit, hemoglobin, and absolute neutrophil count compared with STAT3 wild-type patients (Welch's t test, P ≤ .015). We present the discovery of TET2 mutations in chronic NK-LGL leukemia and evidence that it identifies a unique molecular subtype.
Why zebra finches don't get hypercholesterolemia.

In his 1994 classic, Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers , Robert Sapolsky (1) chronicles how the pathological effects of chronic stress commonly seen in humans are much rarer in nonhuman animals. A new paper by Velho et al. (2) in PNAS reports a fascinating discovery that provides an update to this theme. In this paper, the authors investigate the evolution of a receptor involved in cholesterol uptake by cells that is also exploited by the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) to enter cells during infection. They find that in songbirds—including the popular laboratory model, the zebra finch—this low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is missing several key exons found in many other avian groups as well as in mammals. This apparent case of evolutionary loss of function raises interesting questions about how songbirds manage to balance their cholesterol levels and avoid hypercholesterolemia (hence the title of this Commentary). This finding also has important implications for a variety of other fields, ranging from efforts to use VSV-G–pseudotyped lentiviruses as a tool to manipulate gene expression, to efforts to understand and control vesicular stomatitis, a major agricultural disease caused by VSV. Not surprisingly, the path to this fascinating discovery was far from straightforward. Songbirds represent important model organisms for the study of learned vocal communication because they, like humans but unlike typical laboratory mice or rats, are robustly capable of vocal imitation (3). To date, however, the genetic tools for testing candidate genes for learning processes have lagged behind those available in mice and rats. To address this gap, researchers have strived over many years to optimize viral transduction in zebra finches to test the functional effects of experimentally altered gene expression levels. Early forays focused on testing VSV-pseudotyped lentiviruses due to their high success rate in mammals and some birds including quail and chickens … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: sawhite{at}ucla.edu or wright{at}nmsu.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Indigenous Self-Governance and Development on American Indian Reservations

The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People promotes self-governance as a matter of justice rather than economics. How will self-governance affect the incomes of indigenous people? To gain insight, we compare long-run income growth on American Indian reservations with and without federal oversight through the 1934 Indian Reorganization Act. Reservations with more autonomy had 12–15 percent higher income per capita in 2016, even conditional on 1930s income. However, these more autonomous reservations also experienced wider income variance with more downside risk. The findings are consistent with theory emphasizing the development trade-offs between local and centralized governance.
Inference and uncertainty propagation of GB structure-property models: H diffusivity in [100] tilt GBs in Ni

Abstract In this work we present a non-parametric Bayesian approach for developing structure-property models for grain boundaries (GBs) with built-in uncertainty quantification (UQ). Using this method we infer a structure-property model for H diffusivity in [100] tilt GBs in Ni at 700 K based on molecular dynamics (MD) data. Once a GB structure-property model is developed, it can be used as an input to mesoscale simulations of the effective properties of polycrystals, microstructure evolution, etc. A significant advantage of the Bayesian approach presented here is that it facilitates propagation of uncertainties from the underlying structure-property model to the output predictions from mesoscale modeling. Leveraging this capability, we perform mesoscale simulations of the effective diffusivity of polycrystals to investigate the interaction between structure-property model uncertainties and GB network structure. We observe a fundamental interaction between crystallographic correlations and spatial correlations in GB networks that causes certain types of microstructures (those with large populations of J 2 - and J 3 -type triple junctions) to exhibit intrinsically larger uncertainty in their effective properties. Data and code are provided in supplementary materials.
Abstract 2295: SGK2, 14-3-3, and HUWE1 coordinately regulate the localization and stability of PTOV1

PTOV1 is an oncogenic protein, initially identified in prostate cancer, that promotes proliferation, cell motility, and invasiveness. However, the mechanism of PTOV1 regulation is poorly understood. To understand these mechanisms, we identify 14-3-3 as a PTOV1 interactor and show that high levels of 14-3-3 expression, like PTOV1, correlate with prostate cancer progression. Further, we found that SGK2-mediated phosphorylation of PTOV1 is required for 14-3-3 binding. This phosphorylation occurs in a cell cycle-dependent manner and peaks in the G1 phase. Disruption of the PTOV1-14-3-3 interaction results in an accumulation of PTOV1 in the nucleus and a proteasome-dependent reduction in PTOV1 protein levels. To understand the effect of 14-3-3 on PTOV1 stability, we found that loss of 14-3-3 binding leads to an increase in PTOV1 binding to the E3 ubiquitin ligase HUWE1, which promotes proteasomal degradation of PTOV1. Conversely, our data suggest that 14-3-3 stabilizes PTOV1 protein by sequestering PTOV1 in the cytosol and inhibiting its interaction with HUWE1. Finally, our data suggest that stabilization of the 14-3-3-bound form of PTOV1 promotes PTOV1-mediated expression of cJun. Together, these data provide a first mechanism to understand the regulation of PTOV1 stability, localization, and function within the cell. Citation Format: Katie L. Pennington, James Woods, Colin Muir, Colten M. McEwan, Pramoda S. Aththota Gamage, Riley J. Eastmond, Crissy M. Egbert, Tyler Heaton, Stephen R. Piccolo, Joshua L. Andersen. SGK2, 14-3-3, and HUWE1 coordinately regulate the localization and stability of PTOV1 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2295.
Bayesian Neural Networks for Identification and Classification of Radio Frequency Transmitters Using Power Amplifiers’ Nonlinearity Signatures

The edge devices in an emerging Internet-of-Things (IoT) environment require comprehensive security measures that are within the power budget for ubiquitous computing. In this paper, a transmitter identification scheme consisting of a lightweight Bayesian neural network (BNN)-based classifier using raw time-domain data is presented. Evaluation is performed with data obtained in schematic-level simulation of high-efficiency CMOS power amplifier designs using a 65 nm process design kit (PDK). The Bayesian neural networks achieve 89.5% accuracy on the task of classifying six transmitters. Moreover, the BNN classifier is implemented on field-programmable gate array (FPGA) with parallel pseudo-Gaussian random number generators to achieve a throughput of more than 340,000 classifications per second, with average energy consumption for each classification task of $0.548~\mu J$ . This low-power system enables comprehensive security for energy-constrained IoT devices and sensors.
Balancing data for generalizable machine learning to predict glass-forming ability of ternary alloys

Abstract Machine Learning has thrived on the emergence of data-driven materials science. However, the materials datasets acquired at existing research efforts have significant imbalance issues. This paper investigated the data imbalance for the glass-forming ability of ternary alloy systems, which consists of abundant, low-fidelity high-throughput data, and sparse, high-fidelity traditional experimental data. We demonstrated a new method to handle the data imbalance and trained artificial neural network (ANN) models on the original vs. balanced datasets. The ANN model trained on the balanced dataset solved the overfitting issue suffered by the model trained on the original dataset. More importantly, the generalizability in predicting the new alloy system was improved in the data-balanced model, evidenced by the leave-one-alloy-system-out validation. Our work highlights the importance of handling data imbalance in material datasets to solve the overfitting issues of machine learning models and further enhance generalizability in predicting the characteristics of the new material systems.