cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Shedding light into the darknet: scanning characterization and detection of temporal changes

Network telescopes provide a unique window into Internet-wide malicious activities associated with malware propagation, denial of service attacks, network reconnaissance, and others. Analyses of this telescope data can highlight ongoing malicious events in the Internet which can be used to prevent or mitigate cyber-threats in real-time. However, large telescopes observe millions of events on a daily basis which renders the task of transforming this knowledge to meaningful insights challenging. In order to address this, we present a novel framework for characterizing Internet's background radiation and for tracking its temporal evolution. The proposed framework: (i) Extracts a high dimensional representation of telescope scanners composed of features distilled from telescope data and learns an information-preserving low-dimensional representation of these events that is amenable to clustering; (ii) Performs clustering of resulting representation space to characterize the scanners and (iii) Utilizes the clustering outcomes as "signatures" to detect temporal changes in the network telescope.
Assessing Student Performance

Assessment bridges the gap between teaching and learning. Perhaps second only to teaching, assessing student performance is a fundamental role in the life of a teacher. Assessment is important because it provides students with feedback about their performance; this information reinforces their areas of strength and highlights areas of weakness. Using this feedback, students can direct their study strategies and seek additional resources to improve their performance.
Effect of obesity on conversion of plasma androstenedione to estrone in postmenopausal women with and without endometrial cancer

The purpose of this study was to ascertain if a relationship exists between the transfer constant of conversion of plasma androstenedione to estrone ([rho]AE1BU) and total body weight or excessive body weight in 50 postmenopausal women, of whom 25 had adenocarcinoma of the endometrium and 25 had no endometrial disease. The [rho]AE1BU ranged from 0.015 to 0.129 in these 50 women. The [rho]AE1BU in the women with endometrial cancer was 0.051 +/- 0.006 (mean +/- S.E.), whereas that in the women with no endometrial disease was 0.039 +/- 0.004. These values are not significantly different (p greater than 0.05). The body weights of these 50 women ranged from 104 to 430 pounds. The weight of the patients with endometrial cancer was 234 +/- 16 pounds (mean +/- S.E.), and that for the women with no endometrial disease was 194 +/- 12 pounds. A statistically significant correlation (p less than 0.001) was found between [rho]AE1BU and body weight and between [rho]AE1BU and excessive body weight in both groups of women. Moreover, obesity and aging appear to act in concert to potentiate the conversion of plasma androstenedione to estrone in extraglandular sites since the [rho]AE1BU is considerably greater among obese postmenopausal women than among comparably obese premenopausal women.
Template-independent news extraction based on visual consistency

Wrapper is a traditional method to extract useful information from Web pages. Most previous works rely on the similarity between HTML tag trees and induced template-dependent wrappers. When hundreds of information sources need to be extracted in a specific domain like news, it is costly to generate and maintain the wrappers. In this paper, we propose a novel template-independent news extraction approach to easily identify news articles based on visual consistency. We first represent a page as a visual block tree. Then, by extracting a series of visual features, we can derive a composite visual feature set that is stable in the news domain. Finally, we use a machine learning approach to generate a template-independent wrapper. Experimental results indicate that our approach is effective in extracting news across websites, even from unseen websites. The performance is as high as around 95% in terms of F1-value.
Defective folding and stable association with protein disulfide isomerase/prolyl hydroxylase of type I procollagen with a deletion in the pro alpha 2(I) chain that preserves the Gly-X-Y repeat pattern.

We have studied the folding, processing, and association with two endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident proteins of the abnormal type I procollagen molecules produced by a strain of fibroblasts harboring a 4.5 kilobase deletion in an allele of COL1A2 (Willing, M. C., Cohn, D.H., Starman, B. Holbrook, K.A., Greenberg, C.R., and Byers, P.H. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 8398-8404). By sequencing cDNA, we found that the mutant allele encodes pro alpha 2(I) chains that are shortened by 180 amino acids but retain the Gly-X-Y repeat pattern crucial for collagen triple helix formation. The type I procollagen molecules that incorporated the shortened chain were retained intracellularly and were stable. The triple helical domain in these molecules did not attain a normal conformation and remained accessible to posttranslational modifying enzymes amino-terminal to the deletion site for a prolonged period. The abnormal molecules folded into a triple helical conformation more slowly than the normal molecules, and the amino-terminal ends of the pro alpha 1(I) chains failed to become protease-resistant. While the abnormal procollagen molecules were not bound by the ER-resident protein BiP, they stably associated with protein disulfide isomerase, the beta-subunit of prolyl-4-hydroxylase. These results indicate that some mutations in type I collagen genes both transiently delay folding and permanently disrupt the structure of the triple helix and suggest that binding to prolyl-4-hydroxylase helps to retain certain abnormal procollagen molecules within the ER.
Concepts of magnetospheric convection

Magnetospheric physics, which grew out of attempts to understand the space environment of the Earth, is becoming increasingly applicable to other systems in the Universe. Among the planets, in addition to the Earth, Jupiter, Mercury, Mars, and (in a somewhat different way) Venus are now known to have magnetospheres. The magnetospheres of pulsars have long been regarded as an essential part of the pulsar phenomenon. Other astrophysical systems, such as supernova remnant shells or magnetic stars and binary star systems, may be describable as magnetospheres. The major concepts of magnetospheric physics thus need to be formulated in a general way not restricted to the geophysical context in which they may have originated.
Supply Chain Contracting and Coordination with Stochastic Demand

Recent years have seen a growing interest among both academics and practitioners in the field of supply chain management. With that has come a growing body of work on supply chain contracts. Few firms are so large and few products so simple that one organization can manage the entire provision of the good. Rather, most supply chains require the coordination of independently managed entities who seek to maximize their own profits. Issues of who controls what decisions and how parties will be compensated become critical. An understanding of contractual forms and their economic implications is therefore an important part of evaluating supply chain performance.
The sulfuryl transfer mechanism. Crystal structure of a vanadate complex of estrogen sulfotransferase and mutational analysis

Estrogen sulfotransferase (EST) catalyzes transfer of the 5'-sulfuryl group of adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to the 3alpha-phenol group of estrogenic steroids such as estradiol (E2). The recent crystal structure of EST-adenosine 3', 5'-diphosphate (PAP)- E2 complex has revealed that residues Lys48, Thr45, Thr51, Thr52, Lys106, His108, and Try240 are in position to play a catalytic role in the sulfuryl transfer reaction of EST (Kakuta Y., Pedersen, L. G., Carter, C. W., Negishi, M., and Pedersen, L. C. (1997) Nat. Struct. Biol. 4, 904-908). Mutation of Lys48, Lys106, or His108 nearly abolishes EST activity, indicating that they play a critical role in catalysis. A present 2.2-A resolution structure of EST-PAP-vanadate complex indicates that the vanadate molecule adopts a trigonal bipyramidal geometry with its equatorial oxygens coordinated to these three residues. The apical positions of the vanadate molecule are occupied by a terminal oxygen of the 5'-phosphate of PAP (2.1 A) and a possible water molecule (2. 3 A). This water molecule superimposes well to the 3alpha-phenol group of E2 in the crystal structure of the EST.PAP.E2 complex. These structures are characteristic of the transition state for an in-line sulfuryl transfer reaction from PAPS to E2. Moreover, residues Lys48, Lys106, and His108 are found to be coordinated with the vanadate molecule at the transition state of EST.
Rupture of the Flexor Pollicis Longus Tendon after 30 Years due to Migration of a Retained Foreign Body

Delayed rupture of a flexor tendon in the hand due to the presence of a retained foreign body is rare. We present the case of a late flexor pollicis longus rupture 30 years after traumatic implantation of a glass fragment. The foreign body had migrated distally a distance of 4.5 cm from the site of the original injury and eroded into the flexor tendon sheath. Thumb function was restored with a flexor digitorum superficialis tendon transfer from the ring finger with excellent results.
Acidic triazoles as soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators

Abstract A series of acidic triazoles with activity as soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators is described. Incorporation of the CF3 triazole improved the overall physicochemical and drug-like properties of the molecule and is exemplified by compound 25.
Gearing for Diesel-electric locomotives

TWO means of improving railroad operating efficiency are related to locomotive operation and performance. One is to obtain maximum locomotive utilization, and the other is to increase gross ton-miles per train-hour.
Dificultades de estrategia en el resumen de textos

RESUMENLa mala comprension de los lectores deficientes puede deberse a una ausencia o desconocimiento de destrezas de estrategias. Se lleva a cabo una investigacion para examinar las diferencias de destrezas de estrategias con los buenos lectores al resumir lo leido. Los resultados confirman la idea de que los lectores deficientes tienen dificultades al identificar la informacion importante, pero sin embargo eran coherentes en sus juicios de importancia. Ademas los lectores deficientes fracasan al utilizar las transformaciones del resumen usadas por los buenos lectores. Parece que la aptitud para identificar los elementos importantes de un texto es una de las destrezas de estrategias implicadas en la comprension, pero las dificultades al hacer un resumen no se limitan necesariamente a tareas de comprension.
Variations in eelgrass ( Zostera marina L.) morphology and internal nutrient composition as influenced by increased temperature and water column nitrate

In an experimental mesocosm system, we evaluated changes in morphology and tissue nutrient content (carbon [C], nitrogen [N], phosphorus [P]) of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) as influenced by increased temperature and nitrate. During the late summer-fall growing season (14 weeks, August through mid-November), control plants were compared to plants grown at elevated temperatures (3°C to 4°C above ambient, based on 20-yr weekly means) and elevated water column nitrate enrichment (8 μM NO3 −, pulsed daily). Both increased temperature and increased nitrate led to declines in shoot density (by 40% and 48% for nitrate and temperature treatments, respectively), as well as decreased leaf and root production. High temperature promoted increased total C content of leaf tissues, whereas high nitrate increased the percentage of N in belowground tissues and depressed the C∶N ratio in aboveground tissues. The data indicated that increases in nitrate or temperature can significantly reduce the size ofZ. marine shoots and can also alter the internal C and N content. This reduction was not associated with significant increases in light-attenuating algae as we controlled epiphytic growth, so we suggest that a direct physiological mechanism or other mechanism was involved.
Thermal decomposition of limestone in a large scale thermogravimetric analyzer

The decom~sition of calcium carbonate spheres has been investigated using Limestone particles of sizes 7, 5 and 2mm in a large scale thermogravimetric analyzer under near isothermal conditions. Experiments were conducted in atmospheres of pure NZ, and 7%, 14% and 21% CO,-N mixtures. Data are interpreted in terms of apparent activation energy E and frequency factor A assuming a first-order reaction and Arrhenius temperature dependence of the rate constant. Microscopic analysis has shown that the decomposition reaction takes place at the boundary between the undecomposed carbonate and the layer of porous lime formed outside. This boundary moves towards the center of the particle but remains spherical in shape. LIST OF SYMBOLS
Reducing Airborne Pathogens, Dust and Salmonella Transmission in Experimental Hatching Cabinets Using an Electrostatic Space Charge System

Electrostatic charging of particles in enclosed spaces has been shown to be an effective means of reducing airborne dust. Dust generated during the hatching process has been strongly implicated in Salmonella transmission, which complicates the cleaning and disinfecting processes for hatchers. Following two preliminary trials in which dust reduction was measured, four trials were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of an electrostatic space charge system (ESCS) on the levels of total aerobic bacteria (TPC), enterobacteriaceae (ENT), and Salmonella within an experimental hatching cabinet. The ESCS was placed in a hatching cabinet that was approximately 50% full of 18-d-old broiler hatching eggs. The ESCS operated continuously to generate a strong negative electrostatic charge throughout the cabinet through hatching, and dust was collected in grounded trays containing water and a degreaser. An adjacent hatching cabinet served as an untreated control. Air samples from hatchers were collected daily, and sample chicks from each hatcher were grown out to 7 d of age for cecal analysis in three of the trials. The ESCS significantly (P < 0.05) reduced TPC and ENT by 85 to 93%. Dust concentration was significantly reduced (P < 0.0001) during the preliminary trials with an average reduction of 93.6%. The number of Salmonella per gram of cecal contents in birds grown to 7 d of age was significantly (P < 0.001) reduced by an average log10 3.4 cfu/g. This ionization technology is relatively inexpensive and could be used to reduce airborne bacteria and dust within the hatching cabinet.
Dolomitization of lower Permian platform facies, Wichita Formation, north platform, Midland basin, Texas

Three specific occurrences, or types, of dolostone are recognized in regionally widespread platform dolostones in the Wichita Formation (Permian, Lower Leonardian) in the northern Midland basin of Texas: (1) non-porous dolostones composing supratidal-intertidal facies: rocks deposited and inherently overprinted by peritidal diagenetic features in this environment, (2) porous dolostones composing subtidal-intertidal facies: rocks deposited originally in subtidal environments and subsequently exposed and overprinted diagenetically on intertidal flats; and (3) porous subtidal dolostones: rocks deposited originally in subtidal environments and which were never exposed syndepositionally to peritidal diagenetic overprinting. Fine crystalline (5–40 μm) dolomites in all three dolostone types have mean δ18O composition of 0.6‰ PDB, but are enriched in δ18O by as much as 3.3‰ relative to estimated lower Leonardian sea water. These δ18O-enriched, fine crystalline dolomites are preserved mainly in the supratidal-intertidal dolostones, whereas more coarsely crystalline (> 40 μm, mean =78 μm) dolomites occur in the subtidal and subtidal-intertidal dolostones. Coarsely crystalline dolomites have δ18O compositions that are slightly lighter (mean=−0.25‰) than the fine crystalline dolomites, but are still enriched by a mean of 1.6‰ relative to Leonardian sea water. All dolomites are near-stoichiometric, with87Sr/86Sr within the range of values of lower Permian sea water. Coarse crystalline dolomites are more depleted in Sr, Mn, and Fe than fine crystalline dolomites although, regardless of crystal size, all dolomites contain less than 125 ppm Sr and less than 100 ppm Mn.
Cognitive and Affective Factors of TV Advertising's Influence on Children.

Since the early 1970s, interest in children's attention to and comprehension of advertising messages on television has been focused both by mass communication researchers and public policy makers. Work has specifically considered children's understanding of the persuasive intent of commercials and their ability to employ cognitive defenses to assess or resist commercial appeals. This paper reviews the evidence of children's understanding of the intent of advertising, the persuasive impact of television commercials, children's cognitive defenses to such persuasion and its influence on their requests to purchase products. This review reveals a perpetuated “cognitive bias”; of understanding children's responses to advertising. A new model of persuasion is posited which incorporates the critical role of affect for understanding the influence of television commercials on children.
Ab initio Hartree Fock longitudinal polarizabilities per subunit of stereoregular polymers

Asymptotic longitudinal polarizabilities per unit cell of infinite periodic systems have been computed at the ab initio level by using uncoupled and coupled Hartree Fock procedures.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of the Vibrational Spectra and Theoretical Study of the Structures of 3,6-Dichloropyridazine and 3,4,5-Trichloropyridazine

The infrared and Raman spectra of 3,6-dichloropyridazine and 3,4,5-trichloropyridazine were recorded. These spectra were taken in the solid phase and with various solvents (HCCl3, CS2, CCl4), giving wavenumbers and relative intensities of the bands and the qualitative Raman depolarization ratios. Conventional ab initio methods at the Hartree−Fock and MP2 levels using the 3-21G*, 6-31G*, 6-31G**, and 6-311G** basis sets, as well as density functional theory (DFT) using the 6-31G* basis functions and the BLYP and B3LYP functionals, were used to predict the geometries and to calculate the harmonic frequencies and force fields of these molecules. In addition, coupled cluster calculations, i.e., CCSD and CCSD(T), using the 6-311G** basis set were included to evaluate the geometries of pyridazine and 3,6-dichloropyridazine, analyzing in detail the structure of these systems. To fit the calculated wavenumbers to the experimental ones, the B3LYP/6-31G* force field was selected to be scaled. The following two sets...
Conversion of chromium(III) propionate to chromium(VI) by the Advanced Oxidation Process Pretreatment of a biomimetic complex for metal analysis.

The use of H2O2 and UV irradiation to remove organic ligands in a chromium(III) complex for the subsequent chromium analysis is reported. The Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) using a 5.5-W UV lamp, H2O2 and Fe2+/Fe3+ as catalyst (photo Fenton process) was found to give complete and quantitative Cr(III) → Cr(VI) conversion and removal of ligands in chromium(III) propionate [Cr3O(O2CCH2CH3)6(H2O)3]NO3, a biomimetic chromium species, as subsequent chromium analyses by the 1,5-diphenylcarbazide method and atomic absorption revealed. The current process eliminates the need for mineralization and/or dissolution of the matrix in order to remove the organic ligand, the traditional pretreatments of a sample for metal analysis. Studies to optimize the conditions for the oxidation processes, including the use of Fe2+/Fe3+ catalyst, length of UV irradiation, H2O2 concentration, pH, power of UV lamp, and reactor size, are reported.
Enhanced Detection Resonance Frequency Shift of a Piezoelectric Microcantilever Sensor by a DC Bias Electric Field in Humidity Detection.

We have examined the relative longitudinal flexural resonance frequency shift of a PMN-PT/tin PEMS with a DC bias electric field, E, in humidity detection. We showed that the relative resonance frequency shift could be enhanced by applying an E to the PMN-PT layer during detection. A maximum enhancement of more than three times in resonance frequency shift was observed at E = −6 kV/cm as compared to the resonance frequency shift without a bias field. The maximal relative resonance frequency shift at E = −6 kV/cm was about 1000 times larger than could be accounted for by mass loading alone.
Contrasting a shelter and day center for homeless mentally ill women: four patterns of service use.

This article examines a model of service delivery for homeless mentally ill women, a combined day center and shelter program. Using data from participant observation and in-depth interviews with 21 clients, four patterns of day center and shelter use are delineated. Overall, few women from the day center make the transition to the shelter, and then to permanent housing and mental helath stability. In the absence of a comprehensive public mental health system and low-income housing, however, many more women benefit from periodic use of the shelter as respite from the streets and from daily support services provided by the day center.
Minimizing retail shrinkage due to employee theft

Purpose – Employee theft is a major component of retail shrinkage. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the use of two methods, internal control and random inspections of the locations at which employees work, to deter employee theft. An inspection strategy is designed in which retailers try to minimize their costs while trying to prevent employees from stealing.Design/methodology/approach – We employ an analytical approach. The employees are assumed to be strategic, i.e. they respond to the decisions made by the retailer, and likewise the retailer is strategic. Consequently, game theory is used to model their interaction, and to obtain the best decisions for both the retailer and employee after taking into consideration the other's actions.Findings – The solution of the game depends upon various parameters such as the cost and effectiveness of random inspections and of the internal control system. The paper determines the optimal frequency of inspections, the total budget to be spent on inspections an...
Multiple juvenile xanthogranulomas in a 13-year-old.

Abstract: A 13-year-old Caucasian girl presented with a 1½ month history of multiple, asymptomatic, discrete, orange-yellow to skin-colored, dome-shaped, smooth, 3 to 6 mm papules on the arms, legs, trunk, and buttock. Pathology showed a dermal infiltrate of Touton-type giant cells, scattered lymphocytes, and macrophages. The patient was diagnosed with juvenile xanthogranuloma. We present this patient because of the uncommon presentation of multiple juvenile xanthogranulomas in a 13-year-old. Although juvenile xanthogranuloma generally occurs in infancy, it must be included in the differential diagnosis for an older child. This entity can less frequently occur in adults and typically a solitary lesion is found. Multiple juvenile xanthogranuloma is rare in older children and adults. Work-up should include a thorough review of systems, physical examination, and ophthalmology examination. Pediatricians and dermatologists should be aware that juvenile xanthogranulomas might occur in older children.
Bulk heterojunction PCPDTBT:PC71BM organic solar cells deposited by emulsion-based, resonant infrared matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation

Organic solar cells based on poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b′]dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] (PCPDTBT) and [6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) were fabricated by emulsion-based, resonant infrared matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (RIR-MAPLE). Two different deposition modes, namely simultaneous deposition and sequential deposition, were investigated for fabricating bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells. This work demonstrates that the RIR-MAPLE sequential deposition mode provides precise ratio control for the fabrication of bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells.
Surgical Treatment of Mitral Insufficiency by Total Circumferential "Purse-String" Suture of the Mitral Ring

A new surgical procedure for correction of mitral insufficiency is presented. The clinical and hemodynamic results in 12 cases are discussed.
Physical, contractile and calcium handling properties of neonatal cardiac myocytes cultured on different matrices

Extracellular matrix components play a vital role in the determination of heart cell growth, development of spontaneous contractile activity and morphologic differentiation. In this work we studied the physical and contractile changes in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes over the first four days of growth on three different extracellular matrices. We compared commercial laminin and fibronectin, plus a fibroblast-derived extracellular matrix, which we have termed cardiogel. Myocytes cultured on cardiogel were characterized by greater cellular area and volume when compared to cells cultured on the other single-component matrices. Spontaneous contractile activity appeared first in the cells grown on cardiogel, sometimes as early as the first day post-plating, in contrast to day three in the cells cultured on laminin. Measurements of cardiac myocyte contractility i.e. percent shortening and time to peak contraction, were made on each of the first four days in each culture. Myocytes cultured on cardiogel developed...
Body size establishes the scaling of avian postnatal metabolic rate : an interspecific analysis using phylogenetically independent contrasts

The avian postnatal metabolic rate literature is reviewed using power equations, Y = aMb, to describe the relation between postnatal resting metabolic rate (RMR) and chick body mass (M) for 25 species. In altricial species, the relation between RMR and M from hatching to fledging can be described by a single power equation, whereas in most nonaltricial species two such equations are needed, one for chicks weighing less than about 25% of mature mass (Ma) and a second for larger chicks. For altricial chicks and larger nonaltricial chicks, the body-mass exponent, b, of 25 intraspecific power equations ranged from 0.25 to 1.67 and varied inversely with Ma. The scaling of postnatal RMR is thus unlike that of either adult or hatchling metabolism in that it is size dependent. We examined the relationship between intraspecific b and Ma using Felsenstein's independent contrasts method to control for statistical complications due to the hierarchical nature of phylogenetic relationships. This “phylogenetic regression” technique yielded the relation b= 1.6Ma-015, in which mature mass explained 38% of the variation in b. The mass exponent of this equation (-0.15) did not differ significantly from that determined by nonphylogenetic methods (-0.17). In altricial chicks and larger nonaltricial chicks, the scaling coefficient, a, of the interspecific power equations varied with adult mass according to the phylogenetically determined relation a (kj/h) = 0.0052Ma0.65and was higher in fed than in fasted chicks. Equations derived in this analysis permit one to estimate the RMR of a growing chick from its mass and adult body mass and provide a basis for evolutionary and ecological comparisons.
Thermogravimetric and microcalorimetric studies of ZSM-5 acidity

The combination of thermogravimetry, microcalorimetry and infrared spectroscopy studies of pyridine adsorption has been used to characterize the acidity of a ZSM-5 catalyst. The majority of the acid sites are Bronsted acid centers associated with framework Al species, with heats of pyridine adsorption equal to 140 kJ/mol. Non-framework Al species in the zeolite sample of this study eliminate an approximately equal number of Bronsted acid sites. These nonframework Al species also produce strong Lewis acid sites with pyridine adsorption heats greater than 140 kJ/mol, as well as weak adsorption sites (e.g., weak Bransted acid sites or hydrogen bonding sites) with heats equal to 90–140 kJ/mol.
An Uncommon Tail about the Common γ-Chain

The common γ-chain (γc) is a key component of multiple cytokine receptors. In this issue of Immunity, Hong et al. (2014) demonstrate a unique function of γc as a secreted protein capable of inhibiting cytokine responses and promoting autoimmunity.
Estimating the uninsured costs of work-related accidents, part I: a systematic review

Background: Work-related accidents and their associated costs have been a serious concern for management, especially as statistics show that there is no clear relationship between the frequency of injuries and the costs of accidents. Methods: A systematic appraisal of available literature was conducted to identify the best approaches to the classification and estimation of insured and uninsured components of work-related accident costs. The appraisal seeks to identify meaningful components and predictors of the cost of accidents. Results: The selected publications introduced different methods to aggregate the cost of accidents but failed to provide an explanation of the relationship between the nature of accidents and their associated cost. Only three studies explored both insured and uninsured components and only four utilized incidence-based models. Conclusions: There is a need to move beyond linear ratios as predictors of the uninsured cost of accidents. An incidence-based method would best represent t...
The information in the Mexican term structure of interest rates: capital market implications

Abstract This paper employs the term structure approach to examine Mexican security markets during the recent period of political and economic turmoil. We investigate the characteristics of these markets and the forecast applicability of the pure expectations hypothesis to interest rates in Mexico. We find that both forward rates and spot rate spreads are found to have significant forecasting ability for future spot rates for Mexico. Both forecasting approaches suggest greater predictive ability during the period of higher interest rates and general economic volatility (1995–1996) than the more stable economic environment of the early 1990s (1991–1994).
A latex bag tonometer for determining the anaesthetic blood/gas partition coefficient.

Many techniques for measurement of the tissue/gas partition coefficient are valid. Each has specific advantages and shortcomings. All the methods require suitable analytic equipment and means for controlling temperature. The disadvantages of a particular technique, the ability to cope with them and the availability of the necessary apparatus are the determining factors in choosing the best method. The latex bag tonometer has a precision and ease which compares favourably with previously described techniques for measuring anaesthetic blood/gas partition coefficients. The technique was successfully used to show the effect ofin vivo haemodilution on the halothane blood/gas partition coefficient.
Loss of Caveolin-1 Polarity Impedes Endothelial Cell Polarization and Directional Movement

The ability of a cell to move requires the asymmetrical organization of cellular activities. To investigate polarized cellular activity in moving endothelial cells, human endothelial cells were incubated in a Dunn chamber to allow migration toward vascular endothelial growth factor. Immunofluorescent staining with a specific antibody against caveolin-1 revealed that caveolin-1 was concentrated at the rear of moving cells. Similarly, monolayer scraping to induce random cell walk resulted in relocation of caveolin-1 to the cell rear. These results suggest that posterior polarization of caveolin-1 is a common feature both for chemotaxis and chemokinesis. Dual immunofluorescent labeling showed that, during cell spreading, caveolin-1 was compacted in the cell center and excluded from nascent focal contacts along the circular lamellipodium, as revealed by integrin β1 and FAK staining. When cells were migrating, integrin β1 and FAK appeared at polarized lamellipodia, whereas caveolin-1 was found at the posterior of moving cells. Notably, wherever caveolin-1 was polarized, there was a conspicuous absence of lamellipod protrusion. Transmission electron microscopy showed that caveolae, similar to their marker caveolin-1, were located at the cell center during cell spreading or at the cell rear during cell migration. In contrast to its unphosphorylated form, tyrosine-phosphorylated caveolin-1, upon fibronectin stimulation, was associated with the focal complex molecule phosphopaxillin along the lamellipodia of moving cells. Thus, unphosphorylated and phosphorylated caveolin-1 were located at opposite poles during cell migration. Importantly, loss of caveolin-1 polarity by targeted down-regulation of the protein prevented cell polarization and directional movement. Our present results suggest a potential role of caveolin polarity in lamellipod extension and cell migration.
Fear of death and the concept of extended self.

287 participants, including 50 nuns, 25 schizophrenics and 42 alcoholics, answered a questionnaire with indices on fear of death and self-concept. Three hypotheses were confirmed. First, people ind...
Multisensor fusion algorithm for multitarget multibackground classification

A multisensor fusion algorithm to classify the inputs (data or images) into classes (targets, backgrounds) is presented. The algorithm forms clusters and is trained without supervision. The clustering is done on the basis of the statistical properties of the set of inputs. This algorithm implements a clustering algorithm that is very similar to the simple sequential leader clustering algorithm and the Carpenter/Grossberg net algorithm (CGNA). The algorithm differs from CGNA in that (1) the data inputs and data pointers may take on real values, (2) it features an adaptive mechanism for selecting the number of clusters, and (3) it features an adaptive threshold. The problem of threshold selection is considered and the convergence of the algorithm is shown. An example is given to show the application of the algorithm to multisensor fusion for classifying targets and backgrounds.
Heterogeneous Integration of Molecules in Nonvolatile Memory

In this paper, we present a much simpler implementation of the double tunnel junction by utilizing the monodisperse nature of these nanoscale entities. C60 molecules instead of Si NCs are embedded inside the oxide barrier to overcome the limitation on the NC size control. We will further show improved tR I tPE ratio in a metal NC memory integrated with this barrier.
Technoethics: The Dilemma of Doing the Right Moral Thing in Technology Applications

Technoethics relates to the impact of ethics in technology, technological change, and technological advances and their applications. This is true both in established fields such as bioethics or computer ethics or engineering ethics but also in new areas of research such as neuroethics. As pioneering breakthroughs are made in, say, extending life or robotization, novel questions arise regarding the rightness or wrongness of keeping terminal cases alive even at the expense of such trade-offs as making life possible for premature or defective babies in the first case or replacing workers in the second. Some of these agonizing dilemmas are treated in the paper highlighting the ambivalence and difficulty-and corresponding controversy-in reaching ethical decisions in technological applications.
Thematic accuracy of the 1992 National Land-Cover Data for the eastern United States: Statistical methodology and regional results

Abstract The accuracy of the 1992 National Land-Cover Data (NLCD) map is assessed via a probability sampling design incorporating three levels of stratification and two stages of selection. Agreement between the map and reference land-cover labels is defined as a match between the primary or alternate reference label determined for a sample pixel and a mode class of the mapped 3×3 block of pixels centered on the sample pixel. Results are reported for each of the four regions comprising the eastern United States for both Anderson Level I and II classifications. Overall accuracies for Levels I and II are 80% and 46% for New England, 82% and 62% for New York/New Jersey (NY/NJ), 70% and 43% for the Mid-Atlantic, and 83% and 66% for the Southeast.
Guest Editors' Introduction: Challenges for Reliable Design at the Nanoscale

It is with great pleasure that we introduce this special issue on Advanced Technologies and Reliable Design for Nanotechnology Systems to the IEEE Design & Test readership. We have selected four articles to cover a wide spectrum of techniques and applications for the reliable design of nanoscale systems; the techniques aim to circumvent the high defect rates and transient errors expected in advanced nanoscale technologies. Written by outstanding researchers in the field, these articles cover experimental and speculative topics. As with all special issues, these topics only represent the techniques and methodologies available today.
Developmental and glucocorticoid modulation of the expression of mRNAs for Gsα and Gβ subunits in neonatal liver

The mRNA levels for Gs alpha and G beta in liver from various age groups of rabbits were assessed by Northern and dot-blot hybridization assays using cDNA and oligonucleotide probes. The mRNA levels for both Gs alpha and G beta exhibited a transient 30-35% decrease at 3-6 h after birth, followed by a 3- to 3.5-fold increase which peaked at 2 days after birth, then gradually declined to adult levels at 4-6 weeks. The changes in mRNA levels paralleled the changes in protein levels [previously measured by immunoblotting (Kawai and Arinze, 1991)] in the first 2 days after birth, but not in the later periods of development. Beyond day 3, the increase in protein levels persists, reaching maximal levels at 4 weeks and equalling adult levels while their mRNA levels decrease to about 50% of the levels at day 2. In vivo administration of dexamethasone to neonatal rabbits increased hepatic mRNA levels for both Gs alpha and G beta by about 50%; the effect was moderate compared to the 2- to 3-fold increase in corresponding protein levels. The transcription rate for the Gs alpha gene increased by only 32% at day 2 after birth compared to term. A 68% increase in transcription rate for this gene was observed after the dexamethasone treatment. Taken together, these data indicate that the developmental and glucocorticoid-regulated expression of Gs alpha- and G beta-subunits in neonatal liver is modulated at the transcriptional level.
Geochemistry of C25 and C30 biogenic alkenes in sediments of the narragansett bay estuary

Abstract The distributions of a series of structurally related C25 and C30 biogenic alkenes in sediments of the Narragansett Bay estuary have been determined. The suite of alkenes detected differs both quantitatively and qualitatively from those previously reported in other estuanne and coastal regions. Four C25 mono- and dienes and one C30 diene comprise 73–91% of the total alkenes in all surface (upper 2.5–5 cm) sediments analyzed. However, significant geographic variations exist in the relative abundance of these five compounds throughout the estuary. A comparison of alkene concentrations with δ13C of the bulk sedimentary organic matter has shown that the geographic variations of some alkenes reflect the distribution of marine organic matter, suggesting a marine source for these compounds. The distributions of other alkenes are not similarly correlated. In particular, concentrations of the C30 diene are relatively constant and exhibit no dependence on the origin of organic matter in these sediments. This distribution implies an in situ production of this alkene throughout the estuary. Analysis of several sediment cores reveals that alkene concentrations are generally highest at the surface and decrease to low, constant values within the upper 25 cm. An exception is the subsurface concentration of one C25 diene, which exhibits an increase at the same depth in two separate upper bay cores.
X-ray crystal structure of the 1∶2 triethyleneglycol dimethyl ether (triglyme): Dichloropicric acid adduct

The anhydrous 1∶2 triglyme:Dichloropicric acid adduct is triclinic, space group $$P\bar 1$$ ; at 24°Ca=8.703(5),b=10.381(4), c=10.404(3) A, α=114.42(3), β=99.69(5), γ=106.40(6)°,D x=1.656 g cm−3, V = 776(2)A3,Z=1. Bond lengths and angles are normal except that one C−C−O−C torsion angle in the triglyme is approximately 90° rather than the expected 60 or 180°. Each phenolic OH group hydrogen bonds with a terminal OCH3 of the polyether. The O...O distance, 2.557(3) A, is in fair agreement with the 2.52 A estimated from the single observed IRv (OH) stretch at 1714 cm−1.
Global Storage-Reliability-Yield Relationships for Water Supply Reservoirs

Storage-Reliability-Yield (SRY) relationships are used to determine the reservoir storage capacity for delivery of a specified yield with a given reliability, or to compute the yield and/or reliability of an existing reservoir system. Several studies have developed generalized SRY relations using synthetic inflows arising from a variety of theoretical streamflow models. Fewer studies have used actual streamflow datasets to develop generalized SRY relationships and most of those studies were for small geographic regions. This study uses a global dataset of monthly streamflows combined with robust regression methods to develop improved generalized SRY models suitable for use anywhere in the world. Comparisons are provided between the models developed here and other studies documenting a number of innovations over previous relationships. In cross validation experiments our global reservoir yield model exhibited extremely high goodness-of-fit with values of Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency and adjusted R2 values both always in excess of 0.99 and negligible bias. The resulting SRY model should prove useful in screening studies which seek to evaluate the benefits of constructing reservoirs for surface water supply.
Autoinhibition of Arf GTPase-activating Protein Activity by the BAR Domain in ASAP1

ASAP1 is an Arf GTPase-activating protein (GAP) that functions on membrane surfaces to catalyze the hydrolysis of GTP bound to Arf. ASAP1 contains a tandem of BAR, pleckstrin homology (PH), and Arf GAP domains and contributes to the formation of invadopodia and podosomes. The PH domain interacts with the catalytic domain influencing both the catalytic and Michaelis constants. Tandem BAR-PH domains have been found to fold into a functional unit. The results of sedimentation velocity studies were consistent with predictions from homology models in which the BAR and PH domains of ASAP1 fold together. We set out to test the hypothesis that the BAR domain of ASAP1 affects GAP activity by interacting with the PH and/or Arf GAP domains. Recombinant proteins composed of the BAR, PH, Arf GAP, and Ankyrin repeat domains (called BAR-PZA) and the PH, Arf GAP, and Ankyrin repeat domains (PZA) were compared. Catalytic power for the two proteins was determined using large unilamellar vesicles as a reaction surface. The catalytic power of PZA was greater than that of BAR-PZA. The effect of the BAR domain was dependent on the N-terminal loop of the BAR domain and was not the consequence of differential membrane association or changes in large unilamellar vesicle curvature. The Km for BAR-PZA was greater and the kcat was smaller than for PZA determined by saturation kinetics. Analysis of single turnover kinetics revealed a transition state intermediate that was affected by the BAR domain. We conclude that BAR domains can affect enzymatic activity through intraprotein interactions.
Role Voicing, Gender, and Age in Preschool Play Discourse.

This study analyzed play discourse participation frameworks in groups of different gender compositions and different age compositions, focusing on the different ways that children “voice” a pretend play role. A single, 24‐child preschool classroom containing 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐year‐olds was the object of an extended observational study; 29 hours of naturalistic discourse were transcribed, coded, and statistically analyzed. There were significant differences in the role voicing used by older and younger play groups. There were also significant differences in the role voicing used by groups of different gender compositions. Results are discussed with respect to the literature on gender and children's language development.
Physical human interaction for an inflatable manipulator

There is a growing need for robots that can function in close proximity to human beings and also physically interact with them safely. We believe inherent safety is extremely important for robots in human environments. Towards this end, we are exploring the use of inflatable structures for manipulators instead of traditional rigid structures, to improve safety in physical human robot interaction (pHRI). This paper develops a contact detection and reaction scheme for an inflatable manipulator prototype. The resulting scheme is used for physical interaction tasks with humans. Experiments verifying the efficacy of the contact detection scheme are shown using two interaction scenarios.
A Picture Technique for the Study of Values1

THE study of values as a subject of enquiry has had an increasing growth during the past decade. The earlier notion, that values were not amenable to study in the sterile objectivity of scientific method, has, we think, been set aside.2 It belongs to those endeavors to preserve certain sacred areas of human behavior from the secularizing power of science-that effort which began with the punishment of Galileo and was dramatized by the rejection of Darwinism. This paper presents the initial test of a method for eliciting cultural values from a population. The instrument we devised for the purpose was a battery of cards with choice situations clearly presented, and the analysis of responses received. This instrument was applied to a people for whom data were available not only on cultural values, but on variations in these values in terms of the degree of acculturation; namely, the Menomini of Wisconsin. We are not interested in furthering the understanding of Menomini culture in its current variations (though perhaps we have done so unwittingly), but in using a known situation to test the accuracy and potential usefulness of the instrument itself, and to find means of improving upon its original formulation. If we call this instrument a test of values, then our Menomini study is a test of this test. We are optimistic that the instrument has worth for research in values and hope that the comment and criticism this presentation may evoke will help us to perfect the technique. W7hile, as we shall make clear, the instrument must be adapted when taken into a new cultural milieu, we believe that it can be so adapted and can prove useful, and thus provide a tool for anthropological research-at least in certain kinds of research situations. Though most of us now accept values as something amenable to study, we have not reached any agreement as to what that something is, nor arrived at any very clear means for its objective analysis. The subject has been much written about; in its pure and hyphenated forms it has been dissected, delineated, differentiated, and combined. We are all acquainted with the differentiation between the desired and the desirable, the existential and the ideal, reality-choice and construct, the is versus the ought.3 The basis for the position we take was presented in Man's Way: