cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bilateral Serous Retinal Detachment from Neonatal-Onset Multisystemic Inflammatory Disorder.

Purpose Neonatal-onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disorder (NOMID) is a systemic syndrome characterized by rash, large joint osteoarthropathies and chronic meningitis. Ocular manifestations include optic disc edema, corneal opacities and uveitis. We report the novel finding of serous retinal detachments (RD) in NOMID. Methods Case report. Results An eight-month-old girl was referred to the ED for work-up of optic disc edema. Physical exam revealed flat fontanelles; macrocephaly and frontal bossing; diffuse urticarial rash; and swollen joints; WBC count and inflammatory markers were elevated. Ophthalmology exam revealed decreased visual acuity, optic disc edema and bilateral serous RD. MRI revealed bilateral enhancement of the ocular choroid and enlargement of the third and fourth ventricles secondary to aqueductal webbing. After infectious testing returned negative, the patient was treated with anakinra, an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Three months later, the serous RDs resolved. Conclusion Physicians should consider NOMID in infants presenting with diffuse rash, bilateral disc edema and serous retinal detachments.
Mammalian signaling circuits from bacterial parts

The ability to engineer synthetic signaling networks has proven challenging for synthetic biology. A breakthrough design strategy shows that bacterial two-component-system-derived parts can be grafted into mammalian cells to create programmable phosphorylation circuitry.
Three Essential Resources to Improve Differential Scanning Fluorimetry (DSF) Experiments

Abstract Differential Scanning Fluorimetry (DSF) is a method that enables rapid determination of a protein’s apparent melting temperature (Tma). Owing to its high throughput, DSF has found widespread application in fields ranging from structural biology to chemical screening. Yet DSF has developed two opposing reputations: one as an indispensable laboratory tool to probe protein stability, another as a frustrating platform that often fails. Here, we aim to reconcile these disparate reputations and help users perform more successful DSF experiments with three resources: an updated, interactive theoretical framework, practical tips, and online data analysis. We anticipate that these resources, made available online at DSFworld (https://gestwickilab.shinyapps.io/dsfworld/), will broaden the utility of DSF.
Chapter 2 – Threat

Online attackers are motivated by a number of factors. Most are seeking to steal money or protected online information such as credit card numbers or intellectual property that can be used to make money. Other motivations are rooted in political protest in the case of hacktivism or rooted in furthering the interests of nation-states as the case of cyber war. The granddaddy of all motivations is bragging rights. Showing off your technical prowess and your advanced technical ability has long been held in high esteem in the digital underground.
The dose effect of opiod and interact with other anesthesia drugs

Several studies have demonstrated that increases in opioid dose result in a marked alleviation in pain. Further increases in opioid dose provide only a further small alleviation in pain. Thus, a ceiling effect of the opioid is observed. When opoids exhibited a ceiling effect, further increases in opioid dose may result in an increasing side - effect, such as respiratory depression, muscle tetanic, hypotention, tachyeardia. A review of the dose - effect and ceiling effect of opoids help clinicians provide a more optimal anesthetic. Key words: opoid; dose effect; ceiling effect
2-amino-1,3-benzothiazole-6-carboxamide Preferentially Binds the Tandem Mismatch Motif r(UY:GA)

RNA helices are often punctuated with non-Watson-Crick features that can be the target of chemical compounds, but progress towards identifying small molecules specific for non-canonical elements has been slow. We have used a tandem UU:GA mismatch motif (59-UG-39:59-AU-39) embedded within the helix of an RNA hairpin as a model to identify compounds that bind the motif specifically. The three-dimensional structure of the RNA hairpin and its interaction with a small molecule compound identified through a virtual screen are presented. The G-A of the mismatch forms a sheared pair upon which the U-U base pair stacks. The hydrogen bond configuration of the U-U pair involves the O2 of the U adjacent to the G and the O4 of the U adjacent to the A. The G-A and U-U pairs are flanked by A-U and G-C base pairs, respectively, and the mismatch exhibits greater stability than when the motif is within the context of other flanking base pairs or when the 59-39 orientation of the G-A and U-U is swapped. Residual dipolar coupling constants were used to generate an ensemble of structures against which a virtual screen of 64,480 small molecules was performed to identify candidate compounds that the motif specifically binds. The tandem mismatch was found to be specific for one compound, 2-amino-1,3-benzothiazole-6-carboxamide, which binds with moderate affinity but extends the motif to include the flanking A-U and G-C base pairs. The finding that affinity for the UU:GA mismatch is flanking sequence dependent emphasizes the importance of motif context and potentially increases the number of small non-canonical features within RNA that can be specifically targeted by small molecules.
Dosimetric Comparison and Clinical Implications of Dose Calculation Algorithms for Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in Spine Metastases.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Dose calculation algorithms for radiotherapy differ in their ability to handle patient-specific anatomy, tissue heterogeneity, and artificial implants, which is crucial in spine stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), where a large dose gradient exists between normal organs and the tumor. We evaluate the dosimetric differences in 3 calculation algorithms: Collapsed Cone Convolution (CCC), Anisotropic Analytic Algorithm (AAA), and Acuros XB (AXB) for spine SBRT with and without metal implants. We hypothesize that clinical outcomes can be correlated with the accuracy of the algorithm and will show this through 3 clinical scenarios. MATERIALS/METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 41 spine SBRT plans from 27 patients, 15 with metal hardware. CCC plans (17) were recalculated with AAA and AXB and AXB plans (24) were recalculated with AAA. Planning target volume (PTV) coverage and maximum dose (Dmax) for spinal cord were compared with AXB as the standard, as it is the most accurate in accounting for tissue heterogeneity of the three algorithms. Chart review was completed to determine clinical correlations. RESULTS Tumors of various histologies including Lung (22.0%), breast (19.5%), head & neck (17.1%), Renal Cell (14.6%) were studied. Treatments were delivered in 1-5 fractions (median 3) with Rx dose of 16-40 Gy (median 27), corresponding to BED10 of 37.5-60 Gy (median 51.3). Overall (see Table), AAA tended to overestimate Dmax while CCC underestimated. Both algorithms overestimated the dose to 95% of PTV (D95). Those with metal near the target had a larger dose discrepancy, especially with CCC. With median follow up of 14.7 mo, poor local control was noted in 14 (34%) plans. Compared to plans with local control, these were more likely to have metal implants near the PTV (50%), with a larger degree of overestimation of PTV coverage compared to AXB, especially in plans calculated using CCC (Avg. 7.3% overestimation of D95). CONCLUSION AAA tends to overestimate both Dmax to spinal cord and PTV coverage compared to ABX. CCC tends to underestimate Dmax to the cord while also overestimating coverage. The differences were larger in the presence of metal implants. Larger dose differences were also noted in lesions that showed poor local control, especially with CCC. The clinical use of more accurate calculation algorithms such as AXB may result in improved outcomes of spine SBRT, especially in the post-operative setting.
Relative Thermal Burst Performance Comparison with the Use of Copper and Silver-diamond Composite as Cold Plate Materials Below Heat Pipes in Notebooks

It is common to cool notebook SOCs using heat pipes, heat sinks and fans. The heat pipes carry heat from the SOC to heat sink(s), and airflow from fan(s) carry the heat away from the heat sink(s) to the ambient. Heat pipes are normally soldered to a cold plate and the cold plate sit on top of the SOC with an intermediate thin layer of thermal interface material. Copper is commonly used as the cold plate material (Figure 4).In this paper, a comparison has been done on the relative thermal performance of a standard copper cold plate and a high conductivity silver-diamond composite material [1], [2], cold plate. A zoom-in, simplified CFD model of the main heat flow path from the SOC to the heat exchanger has been developed and used, and the cold plate material has been switched between cases. The model has been subject to burst power scenarios. Junction temperature of the SOC has been monitored for a given power distribution. Relative burst thermal performance has been compared between the two cold plate materials.Burst thermal performance benefits with the use of silver-diamond composite cold plate has been observed.
Reactive Porous Polymers for Detoxification of a Chemical Warfare Agent Simulant

While polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) possess appealing features such as high surface area, good solubility, and tailorable functional groups on the polymer backbone, their ability to de...
Development of a PCR-based, genetic marker resource for the tomato-like nightshade relative, Solanum lycopersicoides using whole genome sequence analysis

Solanum lycopersicoides is a wild nightshade relative of tomato with known resistance to a wide range of pests and pathogens, as well as tolerance to cold, drought and salt stress. To effectively utilize S. lycopersicoides as a genetic resource in breeding for tomato improvement, the underlying basis of observable traits in the species needs to be understood. Molecular markers are important tools that can unlock the genetic underpinnings of phenotypic variation in wild crop relatives. Unfortunately, DNA markers that are specific to S. lycopersicoides are limited in number, distribution and polymorphism rate. In this study, we developed a suite of S. lycopersicoides-specific SSR and indel markers by sequencing, building and analyzing a draft assembly of the wild nightshade genome. Mapping of a total of 1.45 Gb of S. lycopersicoides contigs against the tomato reference genome assembled a moderate number of contiguous reads into longer scaffolds. Interrogation of the obtained draft yielded SSR information for more than 55,000 loci in S. lycopersicoides for which more than 35,000 primers pairs were designed. Additionally, indel markers were developed based on sequence alignments between S. lycopersicoides and tomato. Synthesis and experimental validation of 345 primer sets resulted in the amplification of single and multilocus targets in S. lycopersicoides and polymorphic loci between S. lycopersicoides and tomato. Cross-species amplification of the 345 markers in tomato, eggplant, silverleaf nightshade and pepper resulted in varying degrees of transferability that ranged from 55 to 83%. The markers reported in this study significantly expands the genetic marker resource for S. lycopersicoides, as well as for related Solanum spp. for applications in genetics and breeding studies.
Mandatory Hepatology Education for Internal Medicine Residents: Long-Term Effects and Implications for Workforce Needs

We previously created a mandatory, inpatient, hepatology resident curriculum that immediately improved comfort, knowledge, and career interest in chronic liver disease (CLD). The durability of these effects needs to be known to use this intervention to address the hepatologist shortage. Thus, we aimed to assess this curriculum’s long‐term outcomes on internal medicine (IM) residents’ CLD comfort, knowledge, and career interest. From 2015 to 2019 at a single institution, one IM resident was always assigned to the rotation. Similar anonymous assessments were administered to incoming postgraduate year (PGY)‐1 residents and graduating PGY‐3 residents, including a historic control cohort that graduated in June 2015. At residency completion, the intervention cohort (n = 61) had significantly higher comfort (1, not at all comfortable/strongly disagree; 5, very comfortable/strongly agree) with both hepatology (e.g., hepatitis C, 2.5 vs. 3.3, P < 0.001) and common IM topics (e.g., heart failure, 3.6 vs. 4.8, P < 0.001) but not specialty topics lacking curricula (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease, 2.8 vs. 2.7, P = 0.54). Compared to the historic cohort (n = 27), the intervention cohort was more comfortable in several CLD topics (e.g., cirrhosis, 3.2 vs. 3.8; P = 0.005) and answered more questions correctly (65% vs. 55%; P = 0.04), but career interest was unchanged (1.9 vs. 1.8; P = 0.45). Many residents (33%) would consider a hepatology career if training were separated from gastroenterology. Conclusion: With the completion of a mandatory hepatology curriculum, residents’ CLD comfort and knowledge durably improved and exceeded that of historic counterparts. Initial career interest was not sustained, perhaps due to prerequisite gastroenterology training. These findings suggest IM educational initiatives may better address hepatology workforce needs by generating comanagers than by recruiting trainees.
Type I glycogen storage disease with focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver and vasoconstrictive pulmonary hypertension.

In an unusual case, type I glycogen storage disease was complicated by focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver and vasoconstrictive pulmonary hypertension. CASE REPORT The patient was a 16½-year-old girl who had had milk intolerance and hepatomegaly as an infant. A liver biopsy specimen at age 16 months had shown an absence of glucose-6-phosphatase activity. One of the two siblings was similarly affected. Throughout her childhood, the patient consistently demonstrated fasting hypoglycemia and growth retardation. A portocaval shunt performed at age 12 did not improve her growth status; at age 16, she had a bone age of 11. Within a year prior to death, palpable hepatic nodules were discovered and confirmed by liver scan.
Assessing the likely effectiveness of multispecies management for imperiled desert fishes with niche overlap analysis.

A critical decision in species conservation is whether to target individual species or a complex of ecologically similar species. Management of multispecies complexes is likely to be most effective when species share similar distributions, threats, and response to threats. We used niche overlap analysis to assess ecological similarity of 3 sensitive desert fish species currently managed as an ecological complex. We measured the amount of shared distribution of multiple habitat and life history parameters between each pair of species. Habitat use and multiple life history parameters, including maximum body length, spawning temperature, and longevity, differed significantly among the 3 species. The differences in habitat use and life history parameters among the species suggest they are likely to respond differently to similar threats and that most management actions will not benefit all 3 species equally. Habitat restoration, frequency of stream dewatering, non-native species control, and management efforts in tributaries versus main stem rivers are all likely to impact each of the species differently. Our results demonstrate that niche overlap analysis provides a powerful tool for assessing the likely effectiveness of multispecies versus single-species conservation plans. Evaluacion de la Posible Efectividad del Manejo Multi-Especie paraPeces de Desierto en Peligro Mediante el Analisis de Traslape de Nichos Resumen Una decision critica en la conservacion de especies es si uno se debe enfocar en especies individuales o en un complejo de especies similares ecologicamente. El manejo de complejos multi-especie suele ser mas efectivo cuando las especies comparten amenazas, respuestas a las amenazas y distribuciones similares. Usamos el analisis de traslape de nichos para evaluar la similitud ecologica de tres especies sensibles de peces de desierto que se manejan actualmente como un complejo ecologico. Medimos la cantidad de distribucion compartida del habitat multiple y los parametros de historia de vida entre cada par de especies. El uso de habitat y muchos parametros de historia de vida, incluyendo la longitud maxima del cuerpo, la temperatura de desove y la longevidad, difirieron significativamente entre las tres especies. Las diferencias en el uso de habitat y los parametros de historia de vida entre las especies sugiere que probablemente respondan de manera diferente a amenazas similares y que la mayoria de las acciones de manejo no beneficiaran equitativamente a las tres especies. Tanto la restauracion del habitat como la frecuencia con la que se le retira agua a los arroyos, el control de especies no-nativas y los esfuerzos de manejo en los cuerpos de agua tributarios contra los esfuerzos en los rios principales, tienen la probabilidad de impactar de distintas formas a cada una de las especies. Nuestros resultados demuestran que el analisis de traslape de nichos proporciona una herramienta poderosa para evaluar la posible efectividad de los planes de conservacion multi-especie en contraste con los de especie individual.
Remote controlled signal conditioner and fiber optic data link system development for CPRF

The ZTH reversed-field pinch to be installed in the Confinement Physics Research Facility, (CPRF) will produce a significant ambient magnetic field. To avoid ground-loop and other electrical problems, the diagnostics in direct or possible contact with the experiment will be accessed through a fiber-optic data way. The frequency-modulated analog links developed for this system have a bandwidth of DC to 100 kHz and a signal-to-noise ratio of better than 60 dB. The fiber-optic transmitter units include a signal conditioner and a microprocessor controller. The conditioners can be configured as DC coupled, low-noise differential amplifiers, or as high-gain, low-drift differential integrators with a very long droop time constant. Magnetic-field pickup is minimized by balancing sensitive circuit areas to within 5 mm/sup 2/ in all three planes of the PC boards. The gain, offset, and integrator reset are controlled and monitored by the microprocessor, and their status is displayed on the front panel of the transmitter unit. The signal conditioner can be controlled locally, or by way of a fiber-optic coupled control network. The system allows fast, convenient, noise-immune control of a large number of signal conditioners from a central host computer. By varying the offset, the computer can verify the operational integrity of the data links. >
Ice surfaces in the mesosphere: Absence of dangling bonds in the presence of atomic oxygen

[1] Ice deposition experiments in the presence of microwave discharge-dissociated molecular oxygen suggest heterogeneous interactions between dangling OH bonds on the ice surface and atomic oxygen. Ice films deposited on a gold substrate at temperatures of 115, 130, and 140 K from oxygen/water gas mixtures representative of the summertime polar mesosphere exhibit infrared absorption features characteristic of dangling bonds, whereas films grown in the presence of atomic oxygen do not. Dangling bond spectral features are shown to diminish rapidly when the microwave discharge is activated during ice deposition. Similar decreases were not seen when the gas stream was heated or when the ice film was slowly annealed from 130 to 160 K. One interpretation of these results is that atomic oxygen binds to dangling bond sites during ice growth, a phenomenon that may also occur during the formation of ice particles observed just below the cold summertime mesopause.
Nonholonomic Motion of Rigid Mechanical Systems from a DAE Viewpoint

Preface 1. Introduction 2. The Gauss Principle for Mass Points 3. The Configuration Space of a Rigid Body 4. Unconstrained Rigid Bodies 5. Constrained Rigid Bodies 6. DAE Formulation in Linear Spaces 7. DAE Formulation on Manifolds 8. Computational Methods 9. Computational Examples Appendix. Submanifolds References Index.
Improving the accuracy of multi breath-hold diffusion tensor MRI tractography of the heart using dynamic motioncorrection

Background Diffusion Tensor MRI (DTI) tractography of the human heart can be performed in vivo, but requires multiple breatholds per slice to achieve adequate SNR [1,2]. The physiological noise inherent to multiple breatholds results in a diffusion-encoded volume in which the data vary as a function of space and time. This may hinder the assessment of diffusion based-indices in the heart and accurate tractography of myofiber architecture. In this study, we investigate the effect of a novel automated motion correction method on in vivo DTI of the heart.
Farmer participation in reforestation incentive programs in Costa Rica

Reforestation programs are a common policy response among developing country governments in the tropics attempting to deal with environmental and economic problems caused by widespread deforestation. The objective of this paper is to examine participation by small-and medium-sized farms in two reforestation programs undertaken in recent years by one country, Costa Rica, which has been at the forefront of developing country environmental protection efforts. Analysis of a survey of 243 program participants and non-participants shows that farm households participating in reforestation programs had generally larger farm sizes, were dedicated to low labor-intensive, land-extensive agricultural activities, faced significant family on-farm labor constraints, were more heavily dependent on off-farm income sources, and had more extensive contact with local extension efforts. Logistic regression is employed to econometrically identify demographic, economic, and land use determinants of farm household participation in reforestation programs; the implications of these findings are analyzed. The limitations of reforestation programs, especially with regard to management factors and quality of reforested plots, are reviewed. Implications for improving the efficiency of reforestation programs and the merits of other policy alternatives are also discussed.
Determination of cytosine-β-d-arabinoside in plasma using capillary electrophoresis

An assay for the antileukaemic agent cytosine-beta-D-arabinoside (ara-C) has been developed using capillary zone electrophoresis. Solid-phase extraction and on-capillary peak concentration are used to improve the detection limit. The electrophoretic separation time is less than 5 min. The limit of detection for ara-C in plasma is 0.5 microM (signal-to-noise ratio = 3). The assay has been validated for the determination of ara-C in human plasma over the concentration range 1-10 microM. The calibration curve was linear with a correlation coefficient r2 = 0.996. At an ara-C concentration of 8 microM the intra-day coefficient of variation was 9.1% and the inter-day coefficient of variation was 12.3%. At an ara-C concentration of 2 microM the coefficients of variation were 15.2 and 12.0%, respectively.
Genetic variation in trophectoderm function in parthenogenetic mouse embryos.

The developing oocyte constitutes the source of a unique and essential molecular legacy that supports embryo metabolism for a substantial period after fertilization and that also directs important epigenetic events that prepare the embryonic genome for transcription and faithful execution of the developmental program. Parthenogenetically activated embryos provide a useful tool with which to examine how maternally derived factors contribute to early development. They also provide a means for evaluating genetic effects on the maternal genomic imprinting process. We report here that the genetic background of the oocyte affects trophectoderm function at the blastocyst stage. Parthenogenetic embryos obtained from activated (B6D2)F1 oocytes hatch efficiently in culture, whereas parthenogenones from C57BL/6 oocytes hatch less efficiently. Fertilized embryos of both strains hatch efficiently. The (B6D2)F1 parthenogenones also undergo blastocoel re-expansion after treatment with cytoskeletal inhibitors more rapidly than do C57BL/6 parthenogenones and exhibit a moderately greater abundance of the Na+,K+-ATPase α1 subunit mRNA. Surprisingly, parthenogenones of both strains undergo blastocoel re-expansion more rapidly than do their normal fertilized counterparts. Parthenogenones of both types are able to attach efficiently in culture after removal of the zona pellucida. These observations indicate that significant genetic effects of maternal genotype on trophectoderm function are revealed in the absence of a paternal genetic contribution and that trophectoderm function also differs between parthenogenetic embryos and fertilized embryos. The differences observed between parthenogenetic and fertilized embryos indicate a likely role for one or more imprinted genes in the development of hatching and blastocoel expansion ability. The effect of maternal genotype on parthenogenetic embryo phenotype is consistent with possible differences in maternal genome imprinting or differences in ooplasm composition that have long-term effects on development. The specific differences in hatching and blastocoel re-expansion between parthenogenones of the two strains may be the result of differences in the activity or expression of a hatching enzyme or other molecules that affect fluid accumulation within the blastocyst, such as components of junctional complexes or proteins that regulate Na+,K+-ATPase activity. Dev. Genet. 24:329–335, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Smartphone-Optimized Web Site for Conveniently Viewing Otolaryngology Journal Abstracts

Access to the medical literature has not kept pace with the mobile revolution. We aimed to (1) gauge interest in a smartphone-optimized Web site for conveniently accessing otolaryngology literature and (2) create an easy-to-access and convenient Web site that displays otolaryngology journal abstracts in a format optimized for smartphones. A survey was sent to physicians of a major US academic otolaryngology-head and neck surgery department. Demographics, literature-browsing habits, and barriers to staying updated were assessed. The response rate was 87%. Ninety-one percent of respondents used a smartphone, and 85% wished they could stay more up to date with the otolaryngology literature. Most respondents believed a convenient smartphone-optimized Web site could help them achieve this goal. A Web site was then developed in collaboration with a university creative department as a proof of concept. The site uses a simple RSS aggregator to display journal abstracts formatted for smartphone-sized screens (www.otosurg.com).
Gustatory, Trigeminal, and Olfactory Aspects of Nicotine Intake in Three Mouse Strains

Studies of nicotine consumption in rodents often intend to investigate nicotine's post-absorptive effects, yet little is known about the pre-absorptive sensory experience of nicotine drinking, including gustatory, trigeminal, and olfactory influences. We conditioned taste aversion (CTA) to nicotine in males of 3 inbred mouse strains: C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, and 129X1/SvJ by repeatedly pairing 150 μg/ml nicotine drinking with lithium chloride injections. Generalization to a variety of bitter, sour, sweet, salty, and irritant solutions and to nicotine odor was then examined. Nicotine CTA generalized to the bitter stimulus quinine hydrochloride and the chemosensory irritant spilanthol in all strains. It also showed strain specificity, generalizing to hydrogen peroxide (an activator of TRPA1) in C57BL/6J mice and to the olfactory cue of nicotine in DBA/2J mice. These behavioral assays demonstrate that the sensory properties of nicotine are complex and include multiple gustatory, irritant, and olfactory components. How these qualities combine at the level of perception remains to be assessed, but sensory factors clearly exert an important influence on nicotine ingestion and their contribution to net intake of nicotine should not be neglected in animal or human studies.
Closed-loop pallet manipulation in unstructured environments

This paper addresses the problem of autonomous manipulation of a priori unknown palletized cargo with a robotic lift truck (forklift). Specifically, we describe coupled perception and control algorithms that enable the vehicle to engage and place loaded pallets relative to locations on the ground or truck beds. Having little prior knowledge of the objects with which the vehicle is to interact, we present an estimation framework that utilizes a series of classifiers to infer the objects' structure and pose from individual LIDAR scans. The classifiers share a low-level shape estimation algorithm that uses linear programming to robustly segment input data into sets of weak candidate features. We present and analyze the performance of the segmentation method, and subsequently describe its role in our estimation algorithm. We then evaluate the performance of a motion controller that, given an estimate of a pallet's pose, is employed to safely engage each pallet. We conclude with a validation of our algorithms for a set of real-world pallet and truck interactions.
Trade Inventories and (S,s)

The paper presents empirical tests of the (S,s) model of inventory behavior using aggregate retail trade data. Estimation and testing are based on the probability distributions of inventories derived by Caplin [1985]. The excess volatility of retailers' demand over their consumers' demand, and the "forgetfulness" of inventories under (S,s) are emphasized. Test results indicate that the time series properties of deliveries and sales are consistent with (S,s) and not a quadratic cost model. Finally, when autoregressions of inventories are given an (S,s) rather than a stock adjustment interpretation, traditional empirical problems such as low speeds of adjustment are explained.
CHROMOSOME-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION VIA MICROINJECTION

Abstract Petunia hybrida Vilm. protoplasts were genetically transformed via the microinjection of P. alpicola Juss. chromosomes. Transformation was determined by changes in the relative activity of various enzymes in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. These changes were genetically inherited in a Mendelian manner.
Regulation of synaptojanin 2 5'-phosphatase activity by Src.

Synaptojanin 2 (SYNJ2) is a phosphatidylinositol (PI) phosphatase that controls two distinct functions, clathrin-mediated endocytosis and tumor cell invadopodia formation and invasion. Here, we identify a number of novel SYNJ2 binding partners, several of which have previously been shown to be necessary for invadopodia formation or clathrin-mediated endocytosis. We focus on Src family kinases. We found that Src phosphorylates SYNJ2 on Tyr490, thereby stimulating SYNJ2 5′-phosphatase activity in vitro. We also provide evidence that Src-mediated phosphorylation of SYNJ2 contributes to invadopodia formation.
The leadership-management distinction: The domination and displacement of mechanistic and organismic theories

Abstract Leadership theorists have devoted considerable intellectual energy to debating the distinction between leadership and management. Instead of joining the debate, this article takes another approach and examines the distinction between leadership and management from a broader perspective. It is argued that organicism and mechanicism, two competing theories or worldviews, are deeply embedded in the leadership-management distinction. These two theories, as well as metaphors derived from each, have framed and dominated the scholarly discourse. Consequently, organicism and mechanicism have had an influence on the way scholars talk and write about leadership and management in complex organizations. Both theories have had an influence on the emergence of new concepts and the development of leadership theory.
Ratio of oestradiol concentration on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin administration to mid-luteal oestradiol concentration is predictive of in-vitro fertilization outcome

The role of luteal oestradiol for successful implantation in humans seems to be permissive rather than obligatory. Few studies have attempted to clarify the role of early luteal oestradiol in in-vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome, whether peri-implantation oestradiol is predictive of successful IVF outcome. We retrospectively analysed 106 women undergoing 106 IVF/embryo transfer cycles. Only the first treatment cycle per patient was analysed. Peak oestradiol denoted the concentration on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) administration. Mid-luteal oestradiol was obtained 3 days after embryo transfer (8 days after HCG administration). A total of 44 pregnancies were noted (41.51%). There were no differences in age, cycle day 3 follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), peak oestradiol, number of retrieved oocytes, number of embryo transfers, and mid-luteal oestradiol between pregnant and non-pregnant women. However, the ratio of day of HCG oestradiol to mid-luteal oestradiol was highly predictive of successful outcome: the ongoing pregnancy rate and implantation rate (sacs with fetal heart beat/embryo transfer) were 15.8 and 5.7% respectively if the above ratio exceeded 5.0 (n = 19), compared to 42.1 and 16.3%, and 53.3 and 26. 5% if the ratio was between 0.4 and 2.5 (n = 57), and between 2.5 and 5.0 (n = 30) respectively. Our study suggests that the magnitude of decline in oestradiol concentrations after oocyte retrieval may be important in predicting IVF success. We postulate that endometrial integrity may become compromised when a dramatic drop in oestradiol occurs by the mid-luteal period. Whether these women benefit from oestradiol supplementation after oocyte retrieval remains to be investigated.
SUPERCRITICAL STABILITY OF AN AXIALLY MOVING BEAM PART I: MODEL AND EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS

Axially moving material problems consider the dynamic response, vibration and stability of long, slender members which are in a state of translation. This study focuses on the response of axially moving beam-like elements at translation speeds that exceed the classical “critical speed stability limit”. A non-linear model for an axially moving beam is derived that accounts for the initial beam curvature induced by supporting pulleys or wheels. Presently, the model is used to determine steady responses at critical and supercritical translation speeds. The properties of the equilibrium problem are examined using an approximate linear solution and an exact, non-linear solution. The deficiency of the linear solution is illustrated by its inability to capture essential features of the equilibrium problem particularly near and above the critical speed. In this high-speed region, the translating beam undergoes large overall buckling deformations leading to multiple and bifurcated equilibrium states. The stability of the equilibria is assessed in Part II.
Isomorphisms ofC 0(Y) withY discrete

For any locally compact Hausdorff space Y, we denote by Co(Y ) the Banach space of continuous scalar-valued functions vanishing at infinity on Y, provided with the usual supremum norm. (Here the scalar field is understood to be either the set of reals or the set of complex numbers. If we consider a mapping between two such function spaces, it is further understood that the same field of scalars is associated with both spaces.) If Y is actually compact, so that Co(Y) consists of all continuous scalar functions on Y, we will, whenever it is convenient to do so, represent this function space by C(Y). Now in [3] it was shown that if c denotes the space of convergent sequences, and Co the space of sequences convergent to zero, then any continuous isomorphism q~ of c onto c o must satisfy IIq~ll Ilq~-ll[ > 3. Moreover, there exists a linear isomorphism q~ of c onto c o with t1~oll I1~0-111 = 3. This result gave a complete solution to a problem initially suggested by Banach in [1, p. 242]. Partial solutions to this problem had previously been given by the author in [2], and, quite independently, by Gurari~ in [4]. The object of this paper is to note that the result of [3] is, in fact, a particular case of a theorem concerning spaces of continuous functions. If N denotes the set of positive integers, and N* denotes the one-point compactification of this set, then c -C(N*) and c o -Co(N ). Thus the result cited above concerning isomorphisms of sequence spaces is a consequence of the following
Relationships Among Language Ideologies, Family Language Policies, and Children's Language Achievement: A Look at Cantonese-English Bilinguals in the U.S

This article examines the reported language ideologies and family language policies of the parents of Cantonese-English bilinguals in the U.S. in relation to their children's achievement scores in Cantonese and English. We explore the relationships first by language of instruction. Results show children in bilingual classrooms scored higher than those in mainstream (English-only) classrooms on the Cantonese tasks, but significantly more children in bilingual programs had Cantonese as a home language than children in mainstream classrooms. Parents from mainstream classrooms were significantly more satisfied with their children's English-language attainment than parents from bilingual classrooms. Using cluster analysis, we then identify four new groups of children based on their language proficiency: (a) English-dominant, (b) Cantonese-dominant, (c) “balanced bilingual,” and (d) “ideal bilingual.” Results show all children scored at or above the monolingual English mean on English decoding, but the ideal bi...
Thermal Decomposition of Energetic Materials. XV. Evidence that decomposition initiates deflagration: high-rate thermolysis of FEFO, TEFO, and DITEFO

Les composes etudies sont les bis-[fluoro-2 dinitro-2,2 ethyl] acetal (FEFO) et bis-[trinitro-2,2,2 ethyl] acetal (TEFO) du formaldehyde, le di-[bis-(trinitro-2,2,2 ethyl) acetal] du glyoxal, le bis-[nitro (trinitro-2,2,2 ethyl) amino] methane, le bis-[trinitro-2,2,2 ethyl] carbonate et l'acide trinitro-4,4,4 butyrique; etude par analyse thermique differentielle et spectrometrie IR
Endothelin production by amnion and its regulation by cytokines.

Cells derived from human amnion, an avascular tissue, produced significant amounts of endothelin 1 and 2, although the rate of biosynthesis was approximately one tenth of that of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Endothelin 1 and 2 was not produced in measurable amounts by cells derived from chorion laeve or decidua. Production of endothelin 1 and 2 by amnion cells was increased by treatment with the cytokines interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-6. The biosynthesis of endothelin 1 and 2 by an avascular tissue is suggestive of a wider role for endothelins than has been recognized.
Specimen-specific computational models of ankle sprains produced in a laboratory setting.

The use of computational modeling to predict injury mechanisms and severity has recently been investigated, but few models report failure level ligament strains. The hypothesis of the study was that models built off neutral ankle experimental studies would generate the highest ligament strain at failure in the anterior deltoid ligament, comprised of the anterior tibiotalar ligament (ATiTL) and tibionavicular ligament (TiNL). For models built off everted ankle experimental studies the highest strain at failure would be developed in the anterior tibiofibular ligament (ATiFL). An additional objective of the study was to show that in these computational models ligament strain would be lower when modeling a partial versus complete ligament rupture experiment. To simulate a prior cadaver study in which six pairs of cadaver ankles underwent external rotation until gross failure, six specimen-specific models were built based on computed tomography (CT) scans from each specimen. The models were initially positioned with 20 deg dorsiflexion and either everted 20 deg or maintained at neutral to simulate the cadaver experiments. Then each model underwent dynamic external rotation up to the maximum angle at failure in the experiments, at which point the peak strains in the ligaments were calculated. Neutral ankle models predicted the average of highest strain in the ATiTL (29.1 65.3%), correlating with the medial ankle sprains in the neutral cadaver experiments. Everted ankle models predicted the average of highest strain in the ATiFL (31.2 64.3%) correlating with the high ankle sprains documented in everted experiments. Strains predicted for ligaments that suffered gross injuries were significantly higher than the strains in ligaments suffering only a partial tear. The correlation between strain and ligament damage demonstrates the potential for modeling to provide important information for the study of injury mechanisms and for aiding in treatment procedure. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4023521]
A gamma-aminobutyric acidB agonist reverses the negative feedback effect of testosterone on gonadotropin-releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone secretion in the male sheep.

Infusion of baclofen, a GABAB agonist, into the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) of castrated rams rapidly increases LH pulse amplitude without altering pulse frequency. The objectives of this study were to determine whether baclofen infusion increased LH in testosterone (T)-treated and intact rams, the increased LH was due to increased GnRH release, and FSH secretion also was increased. In the first experiment we tested the main effects and interaction of baclofen and T on FSH and LH pulse patterns in castrated rams (n = 7). In the second experiment we determined whether baclofen affected GnRH and LH pulses in intact males. Microdialysis guide cannulae were implanted bilaterally into the MBH. After recovery of the animal from surgery, the MBH was perfused using concentric microdialysis probes (2-mm tip) with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) for a 3-h control period followed by either aCSF or 1 mm baclofen for 4 h. Blood samples were taken at 10-min intervals. T suppressed mean LH concentrations (10.4...
Biosynthesis of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid by rabbit renal microsomes.

Abstract Production of radiolabeled arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites by microsomal fractions obtained from rabbit renal papillae and cortices was investigated. It was determined that in addition to the cyclooxygenase products synthesized, the papillary fractions and the cortical fractions each produced 5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE), 12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) and three leukotrienes (LT). The LT of greatest polarity showed an ultraviolet (UV) spectrum of a conjugated triene chromophore and coeluted with standard LT C 4 on reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Amino acid analysis revealed the presence of a glutathionyl moiety, whereas mass spectrometric analysis of the trimethylsilyl ether and methyl ester derivative of this LT indicated the lipid portion to be 5-hydroxy-arachidic acid. In addition, this LT was found to contract guinea pig ileum. The other Us were found to lack bioactivity on guinea pig ileum but contained a glutathionyl moiety. These findings indicate that rabbit renal microsomes possess lipoxygenase activity capable of producing hydroxy acids, such as 5-HETE, 12-HETE and LT.
Animal Model of Alzheimer-like Vascular Pathology and Inflammatory Reaction

This in vivo animal model of vascular inflammatory reaction facilitates morphologic and hemodynamic analyses of leukocyte-endothelial interaction and can be monitored by video microscopy and electron microscopy. The model has served as a rapid means to explore the deleterious vascular actions and inflammatory response to the cytokines tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1 and amyloid-beta, as well as the protective effects of superoxide dismutase, estrogen, and cytokine antagonists.
Prospective detection of vulnerability to sustained ventricular tachycardia in patients awaiting cardiac transplantation

This prospective study tested the hypothesis that abnormal signal-averaged electrocardiograms (ECGs) and inducible ventricular arrhythmias identify patients awaiting cardiac transplantation who are prone to sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF). Thirty-seven patients with advanced symptoms of heart failure and a mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 20 ± 7% were studied. In response to programmed ventricular stimulation using up to 3 extrastimuli, sustained monomorphic VT was induced in 8 (22%) and polymorphic VT or VF was induced in 5 patients (13%). Patients with inducible arrhythmias underwent drug therapy guided by results of programmed ventricular stimulation or implantation of a defibrillator. Patients in whom ventricular arrhythmias could not be induced were not treated for arrhythmias. The signal-averaged ECG was abnormal and sustained VT or VF was induced in 10 patients (27%). Follow-up ranged from 1 to 33 months (mean 12). Four patients (11%) died suddenly and 4 (11%) had nonfatal sustained VT or VF. The positive predictive value for sudden death or nonfatal VTVF was 27% for the signal-averaged ECG, 38% for programmed ventricular stimulation, and 50% if both tests were abnormal. The negative predictive values for these tests were 87, 88 and 88%, respectively. The actuarial incidence of arrhythmic events was significantly higher in patients with inducible ventricular arrhythmias (p = 0.017) and in patients in whom both the results of signal-averaged electrocardiographic analysis and the response to programmed ventricular stimulation were abnormal (p = 0.002). This study demonstrates that results of signal-averaged electrocardiographic analysis and the response to programmed ventricular stimulation improve risk stratification for sudden cardiac death in patients awaiting cardiac transplantation.
ASSOCIATED GRADED RINGS OF NUMERICAL SEMIGROUP RINGS

In this paper we examine the associated graded ring of R = k[t a1, …, tan ] m , where m is the homogeneous maximal ideal. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the associated graded ring of R to be Cohen-Macaulay in the case where the embedding dimension is three and sufficient conditions for larger embedding dimension. We also give sufficient conditions for the associated graded ring of R to be Buchsbaum and study a conjecture for necessary conditions, both in embedding dimension three.