cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Apparent violation of isospin symmetry in the reaction 2H(α, t)3He near threshold

Abstract The differential cross section of the 2 H(α, t) 3 He reaction has been measured between θ c.m. = 17° and 152° at an incident α-energy of 48.25 MeV. This represents a test of the Barshay-Temmer theorem, which requires symmetry of the angular distributions about 90°. Earlier experiments have found no asymmetry at lower incident α-energies and deviations of up to 10% at higher incident energies. We find deviations from symmetry as large as 20% at some angles.
Machine learning derived risk prediction of anorexia nervosa

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex psychiatric disease with a moderate to strong genetic contribution. In addition to conventional genome wide association (GWA) studies, researchers have been using machine learning methods in conjunction with genomic data to predict risk of diseases in which genetics play an important role. In this study, we collected whole genome genotyping data on 3940 AN cases and 9266 controls from the Genetic Consortium for Anorexia Nervosa (GCAN), the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 3 (WTCCC3), Price Foundation Collaborative Group and the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), and applied machine learning methods for predicting AN disease risk. The prediction performance is measured by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), indicating how well the model distinguishes cases from unaffected control subjects. Logistic regression model with the lasso penalty technique generated an AUC of 0.693, while Support Vector Machines and Gradient Boosted Trees reached AUC’s of 0.691 and 0.623, respectively. Using different sample sizes, our results suggest that larger datasets are required to optimize the machine learning models and achieve higher AUC values. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to assess AN risk based on genome wide genotype level data. Future integration of genomic, environmental and family-based information is likely to improve the AN risk evaluation process, eventually benefitting AN patients and families in the clinical setting.
Loss of Complex I activity in the Escherichia coli enzyme results from truncating the C-terminus of subunit K, but not from cross-linking it to subunits N or L

Complex I is a multi-subunit enzyme of the respiratory chain with seven core subunits in its membrane arm (A, H, J, K, L, M, and N). In the enzyme from Escherichia coli the C-terminal ten amino acids of subunit K lie along the lateral helix of subunit L, and contribute to a junction of subunits K, L and N on the cytoplasmic surface. Using double cysteine mutagenesis, the cross-linking of subunit K (R99C) to either subunit L (K581C) or subunit N (T292C) was attempted. A partial yield of cross-linked product had no effect on the activity of the enzyme, or on proton translocation, suggesting that the C-terminus of subunit K has no dynamic role in function. To further elucidate the role of subunit K genetic deletions were constructed at the C-terminus. Upon the serial deletion of the last 4 residues of the C-terminus of subunit K, various results were obtained. Deletion of one amino acid had little effect on the activity of Complex I, but deletions of 2 or more amino acids led to total loss of enzyme activity and diminished levels of subunits L, M, and N in preparations of membrane vesicles. Together these results suggest that while the C-terminus of subunit K has no dynamic role in energy transduction by Complex I, it is vital for the correct assembly of the enzyme.
Carcinoid tumors in children and adolescents: risk for second malignancies.

Background Carcinoid tumors (CTs) are rare in the pediatric population and are generally noted as an incidental finding on histopathologic examination. Cure is usually achieved with wide surgical excision. Second primary malignancies (SPM) of the gastrointestinal tract after CTs have been reported in 13% to 33% of affected adults. The risk of SPM appears highest after small bowel or appendiceal CTs and usually presents within 7 years from diagnosis. Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the natural history of CTs in pediatric patients treated at a major children's hospital and to determine whether children and adolescents with primary CTs developed SPM during routine long-term follow-up. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of the medical records of children and adolescents with CTs diagnosed at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio between 1945 and 2012. Results Thirty-two patients with CT were identified, representing 0.48% of all malignancies diagnosed at Nationwide Children's Hospital. Mean age at presentation was 13 years (range, 8 to 20 y). The majority were appendiceal (87.5%) followed by bronchial (9.4%). Most of the appendiceal tumors presented with clinical appendicitis (25/28). Three had incidental appendectomies at the time of a planned abdominal surgery for other reasons. Four patients with appendiceal CTs had invasive features. All patients with appendiceal and bronchial CTs were successfully treated by complete surgical excision and were free of disease at an average of 7 years from diagnosis. None of our patients developed SPM during the period of observation (median 84 mo; range, 12 to 156 mo). Conclusions In this single-institution retrospective review, survival of children with CT was excellent. No SPMs were observed over the period of follow-up differing from previously reported adult CT series.
Current Shifts in Electrical Wholesaling

Established marketing institutions and practices are undergoing changes. The wholesaler in particular is under pressure; and he is striving to improve his position, as this article shows.
Blood Flow in the Renal Medulla

The accumulation of intra-arterially injected I131 albumin in the papilla of the kidney was measured in a series of 33 anesthetized dogs producing hypertonic urine. Although the data were widely scattered, an estimate of the average rate of this accumulation during the first half-minute following the start of the infusion was made. From the data, the plasma perfusion rate in the papilla under the experimental conditions was calculated and appears to average 25 ml./100 Gm./min.
The Carl O. Boucher Prosthodontic Conference spans four decades

Dr. Carl O. Boucher was a giant in prosthodontics in the middle of last century. To honor his quest for excellence, the Ohio State University School of Dentistry established an annual conference bearing his name in 1996. This article describes the inaugural conference, the structure of the annual conference, and expanding plans to promote continuous improvement in prosthetic dentistry.
Antivirals other than for HIV therapy.

This review concentrates on drugs directed at viruses other than HIV and does not include anti-HIV drugs. Many antivirals are nucleoside analogues, although new classes of enzyme inhibitors are being developed for treatment of HIV (proteases) and enteroviruses. Antisense drugs and receptor blockers have recently been approved. Regardless of mechanism, antivirals are predominantly virustatic, not virucidal, and usually require help from the host immune system to either completely eliminate pathogens (e.g., influenza) or to provide sufficient immune surveillance to prevent a latent pathogen from reactivating (e.g., the herpesviruses). Viruses by nature are intracellular pathogens, using the host cell to produce progeny. Often the viral pathogen uses the host cell machinery or enzyme system to facilitate replication. At times the virus usurps nearly the entire intracellular system for replication and may shut down all functional host cell output for host-determined products. Because of the intracellular nature of viruses and because viruses use many "normal" host cell factors, functions, and systems for replication, antivirals can have notable toxicities to host cells. As antivirals inhibit viral activity in the viral-infected host cells (these encompass a minority of the total host cell numbers), they may also negatively affect functions in the virus-uninfected host cells. These alterations may be biochemical, detected only if sought specifically, or clinically obvious toxicities. Either may limit the use of some antivirals to severe or life-threatening situations.
ICP and PVI with Blood Pressure Alterations and Relation with CBF Autoregulation

Brain compliance is the ability of the cranial contents to accommodate an extra amount of volume (e.g., hematoma, CSF, increased cerebral blood volume, CBV) without much increase in ICP. PVI is a measure of brain compliance and is the calculated volume (in milliliters) required to raise ICP by a factor of 10 (Marmarou et al. 1978). It is thought to be a reflection of the vascular component of the intracranial compartment (Lofgren et al. 1973; Shapiro et al. 1980), also after head injury (Marmarou et al. 1973). Changes in blood pressure or CPP have a major influence upon the intracranial blood vessels, particularly arterioles, the extent and the direction of this influence being in turn dependent on whether autoregulation is (still) operative or not. Thus, several authors, using pentobarbit-alanesthetized animals, found that PVI or some other measure of brain compliance did not change with changes in CPP within the range of autoregulation (Avezaath et al. 1980; Leech and Miller 1974; Takagi et al. 1980). Outside the range of autoregulation, brain compliance or PVI became inversely related to changes in CPP in these and other studies (Avezaath et al. 1980; Gray and Rosner 1987; Leech and Miller 1974). However, Gray and Rosner found that within the limits of autoregulation PVI and CPP were related in a linear fashion, with increasing blood pressure being reflected by a rise in PVI (Gray and Rosner 1987). But, this relationship was marked only in cats anesthetized with methohexital and hardly present with pentobarbital anesthesia. They concluded that pentobarbital, because of its own major vasoconstrictory effect, blunted the responses of cerebral blood vessels to changes in CPP and therefore obscured the relationship between PVI and CPP (Gray and Rosner 1987). In the present paper responses of ICP and PVI to changes in blood pressure were investigated in severely head injured patients in whom anesthesia is not necessary at all. Moreover, in some of these patients autoregulation is intact, while in others it is absent (though, for unknown reasons) (Muizelaar et al. 1984).
Wireless Majorana Bound States: From Magnetic Tunability to Braiding

We propose a versatile platform to investigate the existence of Majorana bound states (MBSs) and their non-Abelian statistics through braiding. This implementation combines a two-dimensional electron gas formed in a semiconductor quantum well grown on the surface of an $s$-wave superconductor with a nearby array of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). The underlying magnetic textures produced by MTJs provide highly controllable topological phase transitions to confine and transport MBSs in two dimensions, overcoming the requirement for a network of wires. Obtained scaling relations confirm that various semiconductor quantum well materials are suitable for this proposal.
Vocal tones influence young children's responses to prohibitions.

Abstract Vocal reactions to child transgressions convey information about the nature of those transgressions. The current research investigated children’s ability to make use of such vocal reactions. Study 1 investigated infants’ compliance with a vocal prohibition telling them to stay away from a toy. Compared to younger infants, older infants showed greater compliance with prohibitions elicited by moral (interpersonal harm) transgressions but not with prohibitions elicited by pragmatic (inconvenience) transgressions. Study 2 investigated preschoolers’ use of firm–stern vocalizations (associated with moral transgressions) and positive vocalizations (associated with pragmatic transgressions). Most children guessed that the firm–stern vocalizations were uttered in response to a moral transgression and the positive vocalizations were uttered in response to a pragmatic transgression. These two studies suggest that children use vocal tones, along with other experiences, to guide their compliance with and interpretation of prohibitions.
Endovascular management of chronic total occlusions of the inferior vena cava and iliac veins.

Abstract Objective Percutaneous recanalization and stenting is currently the standard of care for symptomatic chronic total occlusions (CTOs) of the iliofemoral veins. CTO lesions involving the inferior vena cava (IVC) present a more complex patient subset. In this series we describe our single-center experience with endovascular recanalization of symptomatic occlusions of the IVC. Methods Patients were evaluated with duplex ultrasound imaging, venous function tests, and venography before intervention. Occluded segments were recanalized, balloon dilated, and stented. The basic stent technique modified over time to accommodate the iliocaval junction, presence of IVC filters, and lesions extending to the renal veins and atrium. Results Between November 2000 and August 2015, 71 patients (41 men [58%]) underwent IVC endovascular recanalization procedures for symptomatic chronic IVC occlusions. Patients were an average age of 51 years (range, 23-77 years). Underlying contributing factors for venous occlusion included IVC filter occlusion in 38 (54%), caval ligation/clipping in 4 (6%), and hypercoagulable disorder in 27 (38%). The technical success rate was 85% (n = 60). The proximal extent of the stents were infrarenal in 40 (67%), suprarenal in 11 (18%), or intrathoracic in 9 (15%). There was minimal perioperative morbidity (2 hematomas, 1 renal failure) and no postoperative mortality. Average follow-up was 48.0 ± 43.3 months (range, 6-172 months). Primary, primary assisted, and secondary patency rates at 60 months were 52%, 85%, and 93%, respectively. Significant improvement in pain and swelling was seen in 91% and 83%, respectively; and complete cumulative relief of pain and swelling was 66% and 41% respectively. Ulcers were present in 18 patients and healed completely without recurrence in 14 (78%) after recanalization. The Venous Clinical Severity Score was 8.4 ± 5.1 (range, 4-27) before the intervention and 3.9 ± 3.2 (range, 0-14) after the intervention ( P Conclusions Endovascular recanalization of chronic total IVC occlusions can be performed with minimal morbidity and mortality. When successful, symptoms can be substantially improved, with excellent patency.
Firearm Laws and Firearm Homicides: A Systematic Review.

Importance Firearm homicide is a leading cause of injury death in the United States, and there is considerable debate over the effectiveness of firearm policies. An analysis of the effectiveness of firearm laws on firearm homicide is important to understand optimal policies to decrease firearm homicide in the United States. Objective To evaluate the association between firearm laws and preventing firearm homicides in the United States. Evidence Review We evaluated peer-reviewed articles from 1970 to 2016 focusing on the association between US firearm laws and firearm homicide. We searched PubMed, CINAHL, Lexis/Nexis, Sociological Abstracts, Academic Search Premier, the Index to Legal Periodicals and Books, and the references from the assembled articles. We divided laws into 5 categories: those that (1) curb gun trafficking, (2) strengthen background checks, (3) improve child safety, (4) ban military-style assault weapons, and (5) restrict firearms in public places and leniency in firearm carrying. The articles were assessed using the standardized Guide to Community Preventive Services data collection instrument and 5 additional quality metrics: (1) appropriate data source(s) and outcome measure(s) were used for the study, (2) the time frame studied was adequate, (3) appropriate statistical tests were used, (4) the analytic results were robust, and (5) the disaggregated results of control variables were consistent with the literature. Findings In the aggregate, stronger gun policies were associated with decreased rates of firearm homicide, even after adjusting for demographic and sociologic factors. Laws that strengthen background checks and permit-to-purchase seemed to decrease firearm homicide rates. Specific laws directed at firearm trafficking, improving child safety, or the banning of military-style assault weapons were not associated with changes in firearm homicide rates. The evidence for laws restricting guns in public places and leniency in gun carrying was mixed. Conclusions and Relevance The strength of firearm legislation in general, and laws related to strengthening background checks and permit-to-purchase in particular, is associated with decreased firearm homicide rates. High-quality research is important to further evaluate the effectiveness of these laws. Legislation is just 1 part of a multipronged approach that will be necessary to decrease firearm homicides in the United States.
A Creative Model: The Three-Selves

ABSTRACTThis article presents a Three-Selves Model illuminating ways the self can be expressed: closed, absorbent, and flexible. This model integrates three counseling approaches which are described, and a creative poster is offered to illustrate the model. Then, the model is applied to a hypothetical case to reveal how the model can promote awareness, congruence, and choice.
Plutocratic Dystopia and Workers’ Utopias in Morris’s News from Nowhere and Pynchon’s Against the Day

Pynchon’s Against the Day (2006) focuses on the opposition between owners and workers in the quarter century after the Chicago Columbian Exposition (1893). Pynchon depicts an existing plutocratic dystopia in which millions barely subsist and union organizers are tortured and killed—a world of which Matthew Josephson’s The Robber Barons (1934) provides a detailed antecedent account. However, Pynchon also imagines numerous utopian sites that show strong parallels with William Morris’s utopian News from Nowhere (1891). In both works, inequality between owners and workers is corrected outside state organizations; anarchist and socialist thought prove to be complementary, not opposed; and travel to the future or outside the dystopian present opens up alternate visions of the future.
Hyperbolic balance laws with dissipative source relaxing to adiabatic conservation laws

The paper discusses the long time behavior of BV solutions to the Cauchy problem for hyperbolic systems of balance laws with partial dissipation, when the relaxed system is adiabatic.
An Eye on the Future: Promoting MFT Master’s Programs to Potential Applicants

Successful recruitment of quality students remains a challenge to many mental health graduate programs. Marriage and family therapy (MFT) master’s programs, in particular, face significant barriers to effective and efficient student recruitment. At the same time, these programs’ ability to attract an excellent and diverse pool of applicants will affect both the research and practice of MFT. In this study, we conducted in-depth interviews with 21 U.S. undergraduate juniors and seniors from various majors and universities to learn their perceptions of MFT and MFT master’s programs and suggestions for enhancing MFT master’s programs’ recruitment efforts. Offering unique insight from potential applicants’ perspectives, participants identified five key factors that may increase their interest in applying to MFT master’s programs: application requirements, program information, more information in general, career outlook, and benefits of attending a MFT master’s program. To improve MFT master’s programs’ recruitment strategies, participants suggested active and early outreach, enhanced campus presence, recruiting advisors and professors in other disciplines as advocates, and involving MFTs, MFT students, and graduates in student recruitment. Based on these suggestions, we provide specific and practical recommendations for strengthening U.S. MFT master’s programs’ recruitment efforts.
Sociotechnical imaginaries of urban development: social movements around “traditional” water infrastructure in the Kathmandu Valley

ABSTRACTThis article examines the role of so-called traditional stone waterspout technologies in struggles over urban modernization in Lalitpur, Nepal. In doing so, this article questions the status of tradition in urban theorizing and mobilizes the concept of sociotechnical imaginaries as a framework for understanding the contested spatial visions of urban development. In advancing this approach, this article analyses infrastructure as a visual discourse of materials, practices, and texts, including the label “tradition.” Findings indicate that stone spouts represent material and symbolic sites for residents to express discontent with hegemonic visions of modernization, legitimize certain cultural practices, and make claims on urban space. We argue that an alternate imaginary of urban development has emerged through the prism of traditional infrastructure. This article forwards sociotechnical imaginaries as a framework for situating the multiple and contested trajectories of urban modernization, particul...
Anomalous elastic properties across the γ to α volume collapse in cerium

The behavior of the f-electrons in the lanthanides and actinides governs important macroscopic properties but their pressure and temperature dependence is not fully explored. Cerium with nominally just one 4f electron offers a case study with its iso-structural volume collapse from the γ-phase to the α-phase ending in a critical point (p C, V C, T C), unique among the elements, whose mechanism remains controversial. Here, we present longitudinal (c L) and transverse sound speeds (c T) versus pressure from higher than room temperature to T C for the first time. While c L experiences a non-linear dip at the volume collapse, c T shows a step-like change. This produces very peculiar macroscopic properties: the minimum in the bulk modulus becomes more pronounced, the step-like increase of the shear modulus diminishes and the Poisson's ratio becomes negative-meaning that cerium becomes auxetic. At the critical point itself cerium lacks any compressive strength but offers resistance to shear.
The effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in war-traumatized refugee and internally displaced minors: systematic review and meta-analysis.

ABSTRACTBackground: The United Nations reported that in 2016 over 65 million people worldwide have forcibly left home. Over 50% are children and adolescents; a substantial number has been traumatized and displaced by war.Objective: To provide an overview of the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in this group we conducted a narrative review and a meta-analysis of intervention studies providing data on posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), depression, anxiety, grief, and general distress.Method: We searched PILOTS, MEDLINE, WoS, Embase, CENTRAL, LILACS, PsycINFO, ASSIA, CSA, and SA for studies on treatment outcomes for war-traumatized displaced children and adolescents. Between-group effect sizes (ES) and pre-post ES were reconstructed for each trial. Overall pre-post ES were calculated using a random effects model.Results: The narrative review covers 23 studies with a variety of treatments. Out of the 35 calculated between-group ES, only six were significant, all compared to untreated controls. T...
Upgrading well plates using open microfluidic patterning

Cellular communication between multiple cell types is a ubiquitous process that is responsible for vital physiological responses observed in vivo (e.g., immune response, organ function). Many in vitro coculture strategies have been developed, both in traditional culture and microscale systems, and have shown the potential to recreate some of the physiological behaviors of organs or groups of cells. A fundamental limitation of current systems is the difficulty of reconciling the additional engineering requirements for creating soluble factor signaling systems (e.g., segregated cell culture) with the use of well-characterized materials and platforms that have demonstrated successful results and biocompatibility in assays. We present a new open-microfluidic platform, the Monorail Device, that is placed in any existing well plate or Petri dish and enables patterning of segregated coculture regions, thereby allowing the direct upgrade of monoculture experiments into multiculture assays. Our platform patterns biocompatible hydrogel walls via microfluidic spontaneous capillary flow (SCF) along a rail insert set inside commercially available cultureware, creating customized pipette-accessible cell culture chambers that require fewer cells than standard macroscale culture. Importantly, the device allows the use of native surfaces without additional modification or treatments, while creating permeable dividers for the diffusion of soluble factors. Additionally, the ease of patterning afforded by our platform makes reconfiguration of the culture region as simple as changing the rail insert. We demonstrate the ability of the device to pattern flows on a variety of cell culture surfaces and create hydrogel walls in complex and precise shapes. We characterize the physical parameters that enable a reproducible SCF-driven flow and highlight specialized design features that increase the ease of use of the device and control of the open microfluidic flow. Further, we present the performance of our platform according to useful coculture criteria, including permeability and integrity of our hydrogel walls and surface-sensitive cell culture. Lastly, we show the potential of this type of platform to create modular multikingdom culture systems that can be used to study soluble factor signaling between mammalian cells, bacteria, and fungi, as well as the potential for adaptation of this technology by researchers across multiple fields.
Endobronchial Non-Tuberculosis Mycobacterium Infection Presenting in a Healthy Child.

Objectives To describe a safe and effective treatment for endobronchial Mycobacterium avium complex. Methods Case report and literature review. Results We present a case of endobronchial M. avium complex in a healthy child treated with serial carbon-dioxide laser excisions and antibiotic triple therapy using azithromycin, rifampin, and ethambutol. No current guideline for the treatment of these lesions in the pediatric population exists. Conclusions In patients with airway impingement, serial endoscopic surgical resection combined with antibiotics can provide safe and effective management.
Facile Synthesis of Macromonomers via ATRP─Nitroxide Radical Coupling and Well-Controlled Brush Block Copolymers

We report facile and efficient synthesis of macromonomers (MMs) via nitroxide radical coupling (NRC) of a norbornene moiety to the chain end of various polymers prepared using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The synthesis can be simplified to a one-pot procedure for MMs of polyacrylate homopolymers and block copolymers. The MMs synthesized by this method underwent well-controlled ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) to almost complete conversions (>90%) to yield brush polymers and block copolymers with low dispersities (<1.2) and high molecular weights (300–3000 kDa). This facile method of MM synthesis provided a range of high-quality MMs, which enabled easy access to diverse well-defined brush multiblock copolymers with different blocks in the backbone and/or side chains.
The Relationship between Information Flow and Energy Futures Volatility

We investigate the relationship between volatility and volume in five energy commodity futures contracts traded at the NYMEX for the period 1992 to 2006. We find that conditional volatility shows a high response to large information shocks and exhibits a great sensitivity to total expected and unexpected volume. We note a negative relationship between expected volume and volatility in several contracts which may be attributed to the relative inefficiency about information dissemination and trading of those contracts. Our findings are consistent with the Sequential Information Arrival Hypothesis and show support for the Difference in Opinion theory.
Why the Moon is so like the Earth

The Moon’s isotopic composition is uncannily similar to Earth’s. This may be the signature of a magma ocean on Earth at the time of the Moon-forming giant impact, according to numerical simulations.
Non-parametric estimation of the structural stability of non-equilibrium community dynamics

Environmental factors are important drivers of community dynamics. Yet, despite extensive research, it is still extremely challenging to predict the effect of environmental changes on the dynamics of ecological communities. Equilibrium- and model-based approaches have provided a theoretical framework with which to investigate this problem systematically. However, the applicability of this framework to empirical data has been limited because equilibrium dynamics of populations within communities are seldom observed in nature and exact equations for community dynamics are rarely known. To overcome these limitations, here we develop a data-driven non-parametric framework to estimate the tolerance of non-equilibrium community dynamics to environmental perturbations (that is, their structural stability). Following our approach, we show that in non-equilibrium systems, structural stability can vary significantly across time. As a case study, we investigate the structural stability of a rocky intertidal community with dynamics at the edge of chaos. The structural stability of the community as a whole exhibited a clear seasonal pattern, despite the persistent chaotic dynamics of individual populations. Importantly, we show that this seasonal pattern of structural stability is causally driven by sea temperature. Overall, our approach provides novel opportunities for estimating the tolerance of ecological communities to environmental changes within a non-parametric framework.
Pd(II)‐Catalyzed o‐C—H Acetoxylation of Phenylalanine and Ephedrine Derivatives with MeCOOOtBu/Ac2O.

A new protocol is applied to various triflamide substrates tolerating a broad spectrum of functional groups.
Associations of Partner Support and Acculturation With Physical Activity in Mexican American Women

Introduction:Insufficient physical activity (PA) and obesity-related health conditions have reached epidemic proportions worldwide. Mexican American women (MAW) report low leisure time physical act...
Frontostriatal Brain Activation Is Associated With the Longitudinal Progression of Cardiometabolic Risk.

Objective Cardiometabolic risk refers to a set of interconnected factors of vascular and metabolic origin associated with both cardiovascular disease and various brain disorders. Although midlife cardiometabolic risk is associated with future brain dysfunction, emerging evidence suggests that alterations in autonomic and central nervous system function may precede increases in cardiometabolic risk. Methods The present study tested whether patterns of cerebral blood flow in brain areas associated with autonomic regulation were associated with increases in overall cardiometabolic risk. A community sample of 109 adults with resting systolic blood pressure between 120 and 139 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure between 80 and 89 mm Hg, or both underwent pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling to quantify cerebral blood flow responses to cognitively challenging tasks. Cardiometabolic risk and cerebral blood flow measurements were collected at baseline and at a 2-year follow-up. Results Regression analyses showed that greater frontostriatal cerebral blood flow responses to cognitive challenge were associated with higher cardiometabolic risk at follow-up (β = 0.26 [95% confidence interval = 0.07 to 0.44], t = 2.81, p = .006, ΔR = 0.04). These findings were specific to frontostriatal brain regions, as frontoparietal, insular-subcortical, and total cerebral blood flow were not associated with progression of cardiometabolic risk. Moreover, cardiometabolic risk was not associated with frontostriatal cerebral blood flow responses 2 years later. Conclusions Frontostriatal brain function may precede and possibly forecast the progression of cardiometabolic risk.
Rethinking social contracts in the MENA region: Economic governance, contingent citizenship, and state-society relations after the Arab uprisings

Abstract This article examines post-2011 transformations of economic governance in the MENA region. It argues that Arab regimes have responded to the threats posed by the 2011 uprisings not by embracing appeals for inclusive social contracts, but through the imposition of repressive-exclusionary social pacts in which previously universal economic and social rights of citizens are being redefined as selective benefits. These pacts are shown to represent a significant shift in economic governance and in state-society relations in the MENA region, evident in the growing institutionalization of “contingent citizenship” as a framework for the organization of state-society relations and the management of social policy. In stressing discontinuities in economic governance, this argument challenges claims that the reassertion of authoritarianism in Arab states after 2011 represents a “back-to-the-future” process exhibiting little change from the formally inclusive social pacts associated with pre-2011 models of authoritarian governance.
Biomechanical Response Targets of Adult Human Ribs in Frontal Impacts.

Thorax injuries mainly due to rib fractures have been associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality in motor vehicle crashes. Thoracic biomechanics has been studied extensively, but there are no robust biomechanical response targets for ribs that consider age, sex, body size, and vulnerability factors. The objective of this study was to generate biomechanical targets for human rib response with respect to age, sex, and body size. Two-hundred sixty-one ribs from 171 individuals were dynamically loaded to failure in anterior–posterior bending. Force and displacement at the time of fracture in young adults were greater than in older adults (p < 0.0001). Sex differences were found in those over 40 years old (p < 0.0001). Fracture force from 5th percentile female ribs was lower than 50th and 95th male (p < 0.005). Vulnerable ribs were successfully identified by examining the percentile of both force and displacement at the time of fracture in the proposed samples. The biomechanical targets generated in this study will have useful applications to computational thorax and rib models to aid in injury prevention measures.
Jet-images: computer vision inspired techniques for jet tagging

We introduce a novel approach to jet tagging and classification through the use of techniques inspired by computer vision. Drawing parallels to the problem of facial recognition in images, we define a jet-image using calorimeter towers as the elements of the image and establish jet-image preprocessing methods. For the jet-image processing step, we develop a discriminant for classifying the jet-images derived using Fisher discriminant analysis. The effectiveness of the technique is shown within the context of identifying boosted hadronic W boson decays with respect to a background of quark- and gluoninitiated jets. Using Monte Carlo simulation, we demonstrate that the performance of this technique introduces additional discriminating power over other substructure approaches, and gives significant insight into the internal structure of jets.
Central Line Utilization and Complications in Infants with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia.

Objective Infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) require multiple invasive interventions carrying inherent risks, including central venous and arterial line placement. We hypothesized that specific clinical or catheter characteristics are associated with higher risk of nonelective removal (NER) due to complications and may be amenable to efforts to reduce patient harm. Study Design Infants with CDH were identified in the Children's Hospital's Neonatal Database (CHND) from 2010 to 2016. Central line use, duration, and complications resulting in NER are described and analyzed by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) use. Results A total of 1,106 CDH infants were included; nearly all (98%) had a central line placed, (average of three central lines) with a total dwell time of 22 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 14–39). Umbilical arterial and venous lines were most common, followed by extremity peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs); 12% (361/3,027 central lines) were removed secondary to complications. Malposition was the most frequent indication for NER and was twice as likely in infants with intrathoracic liver position. One quarter of central lines in those receiving ECMO was placed while receiving this therapy. Conclusion Central lines are an important component of intensive care for infants with CDH. Careful selection of line type and location and understanding of common complications may attenuate the need for early removal and reduce risk of infection, obstruction, and malposition in this high-risk group of patients. Key Points
Head to head comparison of [99mTc]Tc(CO)3(NTA) and [99mTc]Tc-MAG3 in patients with suspected obstruction.

PURPOSE 99mTc-tricarbonyl-nitrilotriacetic acid, [99mTc]Tc(CO)3(NTA), is a new 99mTc-renal radiopharmaceutical with a clearance equal to that of 131I-ortho-iodohippuran, [131I]I-OIH. Our purpose was to compare the performance of [99mTc]Tc(CO)3(NTA) and [99mTc]Tc-MAG3 in patients with suspected obstruction. METHODS [99mTc]Tc(CO)3(NTA) was prepared with commercially available NTA ligand and CRS Isolink kit, and isolated by HPLC. Eighteen adult patients referred for diuretic renography received an intravenous injection of approximately 40 mg of furosemide 15 min prior to either [99mTc]Tc(CO)3(NTA) or [99mTc]Tc-MAG3 (mean activity of 47 ± 4.4 MBq). Data were acquired for 24 min followed by an anterior image of the liver and gall bladder and a measure of voided volume. Patients received a second furosemide injection equal to one third of the original dose followed fifteen minutes later by administration of the alternate tracer, mean activity of 320 ± 34 MBq. Clearances were measured using a camera-based technique. RESULTS The clearance of NTA was greater than that of MAG3, 331 ± 146 versus 271 ± 105 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively, p < 0.0001. The kidney to background ratio for NTA was greater than that of MAG3 for both left and right kidneys, p < 0.001; the 20 min/maximum count ratio was significantly less, p < 0.0001. There was no significant difference in the voiding volumes following NTA and MAG3 administration, 598 ± 237 mL versus 498 ± 170 mL, respectively, p = 0.07. Gall bladder activity was not observed with NTA but was present in 6/17 MAG3 studies. Images and renogram curves were comparable except for two patients where the NTA study excluded obstruction but the MAG3 study suggested an indeterminate or obstructed kidney. CONCLUSIONS Unlike MAG3, NTA is not eliminated via the hepatobiliary track. Moreover, NTA has a higher kidney to background ratio and more rapid clearance than MAG3. These advantages should allow more robust camera-based clearance measurements and may lead to better discrimination between obstructed and non-obstructed kidneys.
EDITORIAL / Hablemos sobre Vallejo con el escritor Santiago Aguilar Aguilar

Nacio en Huamachuco. Escritor, poeta, narrador y gestor cultural. Ha trabajado en Relaciones Publicas y Publicidad en el Ministerio de Educacion del Peru. Ha ensenado en el Instituto Carlos Uceda Mesa y en la Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca. Director de las revistas literarias Algo te identifica y Espergesia de la Universidad Privada Cesar Vallejo de Trujillo-Peru. Docente de la UCV. Miembro del Grupo Trilce. Ha organizado congresos literarios nacionales e internacionales sobre el poeta Cesar Vallejo y otros temas. Ha obtenido reconocimientos en el Peru y en el extranjero: Miembro Honorario de Capuli, Vallejo y su Tierra, 2018, Medalla de la Ciudad por la Municipalidad de Trujillo (2010) y por la Municipalidad de Cajamarca (2009). Diploma y Medalla Kuntur Wasi del INC de Cajamarca (2008), entre otros. Recibio el titulo de Doctor en Literatura de la Academia mundial de Arte y Cultura (WAAC). Entre sus libros se cuentan: Tempestad de la nada (2020), Actos de fe, 2014, Balada de montonero (2013) Celebracion de vida –homenaje (2008), La celebracion continua (2007), Puerta de espera, (1992), Confesiones fuera del almanaque, (1970), Tinieblas elegidas (1965), entre otros textos y articulo criticos literarios.
STEM or STEAM or STREAM? Integrated or Interdisciplinary?

There is a growing interest in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education in the early years. We discuss two tendencies in this movement. The first is the addition of one or more domains, resulting in the acroynm STEAM (adding “Arts”) or STREAM (adding “Reading” as well). The second is the notion that the best approach to STEAM is fully integrating these and all other domains. We present arguments and evidence that these tendencies appear positive but may inadvertently negatively impact the critical increase of STEM in early education. We provide examples of an alternative approach that maintains the positive aspects of these tendencies and avoids the possible negatives.
Chapter 16 Calcium Tracer Exchange in the Rods of Excised Retinas

Publisher Summary This chapter highlights calcium tracer exchange in the rods of excised retinas. Calcium is the required intracellular transmitter that mediates receptor excitation. Whether measured within intact receptors or in cell fragments, calcium releases are either undetectable or too small in terms of their magnitude. The specific structure of the outer segment and the distribution of its total calcium content must be considered before the unidirectional flux across disk membranes can be calculated from the tracer-exchange data. The chapter discusses the equivalent model for tracer exchange in rod outer segments (ROSs)—two compartments in series with a reservoir. However, recent measurements with tracer exchange indicate that even within intact receptors, calcium uptake by disks is too slow to be compatible with the calcium hypothesis.
Thoracoscopic versus open repair of tracheoesophageal fistulas and rates of vocal cord paresis.

Abstract Background/Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the rates of vocal cord paresis/paralysis (VCP) in patients treated for esophageal atresia (EA) with and without fistula performed thoracoscopically versus open. Methods A retrospective review of EA cases performed from 2008 to 2014 in an integrated health care system was performed. Results A total of 31 cases of EA were performed by 6 surgeons at 4 different institutions. Seventeen cases were performed thoracoscopically, whereas 14 cases were performed open. In the thoracoscopic group, the average gestational age (weeks) of the patient was significantly higher 38.3 vs. 35.2 ( p =0.016) as well as the average birth weight (grams) 2843 vs. 2079 (p=0.005). There was no difference in the postoperative length of stay, rates of anastomotic stricture, leak, or tracheomalacia. There were 10 cases of vocal cord paresis, 9 from the thoracoscopic group and one from the open group ( p =0.007). Of the 10 cases of VCP, 6 were unilateral (left sided) and 4 were bilateral. Of the 10 cases, 6 resolved, 2 resulted in permanent paralysis, and 2 are currently still being evaluated. Conclusions Thoracoscopic repair of EA appears to have higher rates of VCP. The results are thought to be from thoracoscopic dissection of the esophagus high into the thoracic inlet.
Embodying the Self: Malady and the Personal Essay

TEN YEARS AGO on a Monday evening in late February, my wife Kate and I had just finished eating a Chinese dinner of stirfried pork, hot and sour bok choy, steamed rice, and fresh daikon radishes, so it hardly surprised me that I was burping up the taste of those radishes as she cleared the table and I prepared to take out the garbage. I had, after all, had more than my share of them. Six months later, I came to see those radishy burpings as the harbinger of a radically new kind of life for both of us, since they were, as it turns out, the first signs of a heart attack. A mild attack followed by another four days later, without benefit of daikon, since I was then in the local hospital, followed by a swift ambulance ride to the nearby university hospital's cardiac care unit, where the head cardiologist greeted me with a plumb bob and a yardstick from the local hardware store, which he would use, he said, to determine the exact location of my heart, followed by an angiogram two days later to discover the exact amount of blockage in my coronary arteries?some crown!?followed by eleven days on intravenous blood thinners, nitroglycerin, sedatives, and other fluids to calm a restive heart and quell a type-A mentality before the crowning insult of a triple bypass. Otherwise known by the flamboyant misnomer of "open heart surgery." Six months later when I was teaching again and writing again and beginning to see a connection between those daikon radishes and the Zen of my new existence, I was often so moved by the rush of my recollections and reflections that I might easily have written a lengthy and vividly detailed personal essay about my heart attack and its surgical and psychological aftermath. But who would have published a piece detailing the whole gory process?the breast bone sawed completely in half, the ribs pulled all the way back, the heart-lung machine connected and set into motion, the body chilled, the heart temporarily stilled, a mammary artery harvested from one side of the chest and a vein harvested from the entire length of one leg to serve as bypasses around the blocked coronary arteries, the bypasses sewn in place between the heart and the aorta, the heart shocked back into motion, and then the whole contraption wired and sewn back together
Anomalous DC Resistivity and Double Layers in the Auroral Ionosphere

There are at least four candidate instabilities which might account for anomalous dc resistivity in the auroral ionosphere. These are: the ion-acoustic instability, the Buneman instability, the ion-cyclotron instability and double layers. A description is given of the results of computer simulations of these four instabilities which suggest that double layers are most likely to be responsible for resistivity in the auroral zone.
Brokers’ Commissions Under Conditional Contracts

This article discusses the California decision in RC Royal Dev. & Realty Corp. v. Standard Pac. Corp. finding it a cautionary warning to clients who try too hard to avoid honoring their obligation to pay a commission owed to their broker
Time Dependent Quantum Mechanics with Correlated Coherent States

A formulation of Multi Configurational States (MCS), of the Complete Active Space (CAS) type, that describe correlation affects between electrons is formulated in terms of Vector Coherent States (VCS’s). The Time Dependent Variational Principle is applied to these VCS’s obtaining a description of the quantum evolution as a generalized classical dynamical system. Both approximate and exact quantum evolutions can be described in this fashion and equations of motion are obtained, which are expressed in terms of the reduced second order density matrix elements of CASMCS states. Spin adaptation of the states and of the equations of motion are formulated directly on the variables parameterizing the manifold of CASMCS’s.
Finite Active Arrays

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Modeling of a Finite �� Infinite Groundplane Finite �� Infinite Array With an FSS Groundplane Micromanagement of the Backscattered Field The Model for Studying Surface Waves Controlling Surface Waves on Finite FSS Groundplanes Controlling Surface Waves on Finite Arrays of Active Elements With FSS Groundplane The Backscattered Fields from the Triads in a Large Array On the Bistatic Scattered Field from a Large Array Further Reduction: Broadband Matching Common Misconceptions Conclusion Problems
Keeping calm about Kansas.

Although the Kansas Board of Education (BOE) decision has made a mockery of science standards, it will probably have a net positive impact in most Kansas classrooms. Good science teachers will take this as an opportunity to explore the difference between science and nonscience. But from this whole