cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rehabilitation in limb deficiency. 2. The pediatric amputee

This self-directed learning module highlights advances in the evaluation and management of the pediatric amputee. It is part of the chapter on rehabilitation in limb deficiency in the Self-Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. This article discusses the etiology and terminology of childhood limb deficiency. Developmental milestones are used as a guide to prescribing prosthetic devices for children, and tables suggesting such guidelines are included. Specific clinical examples are provided to illustrate management issues. Advances that are covered include limb-sparing procedures in the management of lower extremity malignancy.
Synthetic Polymer Nanoparticle–Polysaccharide Interactions: A Systematic Study

The interaction between synthetic polymer nanoparticles (NPs) and biomacromolecules (e.g., proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides) can profoundly influence the NPs fate and function. Polysaccharides (e.g., heparin/heparin sulfate) are a key component of cell surfaces and the extracelluar matrix and play critical roles in many biological processes. We report a systematic investigation of the interaction between synthetic polymer nanoparticles and polysaccharides by ITC, SPR, and an anticoagulant assay to provide guidelines to engineer nanoparticles for biomedical applications. The interaction between acrylamide nanoparticles (∼30 nm) and heparin is mainly enthalpy driven with submicromolar affinity. Hydrogen bonding, ionic interactions, and dehydration of polar groups are identified to be key contributions to the affinity. It has been found that high charge density and cross-linking of the NP can contribute to high affinity. The affinity and binding capacity of heparin can be significantly diminished by an ...
Neoglycoprotein cancer vaccines: synthesis of an azido derivative of GM3 and its efficient coupling to proteins through a new linker

Abstract A GM3 derivative having an azido group on its reducing end was synthesized in nine separate steps, and it was then conjugated to proteins by a new linker. Therefore, the azido group was reduced to a free amino group, which was followed by the introduction of a 4-pentenoyl group. The carboncarbon double bond of the 4-pentenoyl group was ozonolyzed to form a carbonyl group, and GM3 was thus linked to proteins via the carbonyl group by reductive amination.
Chemi-ionization reactions of Ba, Sr, Ca with OH

Abstract Associative ionization has been observed in the ractions of Ba, Sr, Ca (M) with OH, M + OH = MOH + + e − , and relative rates have been measured under effusive thermal cross molecular beam conditions. The rates are in the ratio 3 × 10 3 , 3 × 10 1 to 1 for Ba, Sr, relative to Ca.
Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the bipolar Euphrasia (Orobanchaceae): Recent radiations in an old genus

Euphrasia includes perennial or annual green parasitic plants, and has a disjunct bipolar distribution except for one transtropical connection across the high mountains of Oceania. The disjunction is coupled with strikingly contrasting patterns of morphological diversity between the southern and northern hemispheres, making it an exciting model to study processes of evolutionary diversification which shaped present floras. We inferred the relationships among 51 species representing 14 of the 15 sections of the genus based on nrDNA ITS and cpDNA trnL intron, trnL-trnF and atpB-rbcL intergenic spacers. Maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference support monophyly of the genus and of several intrageneric groups characterized by morphology, ploidy level, and geographic range. Molecular phylogenetic dating using Bayesian "relaxed" clock methods suggests that the earliest Euphrasia radiations occurred minimum 11-8 Mya with bipolarity being achieved 7-5 Mya. Biogeographic analyses using explicit model-based approach inferred Eurasia as an ancestral area for the genus. The most parsimonious reconstruction found by a dispersal-vicariance analysis requires 17 dispersals to account for the current biogeographic pattern and supports Eurasian origin for Euphrasia. Both long-distance dispersal and across land vicariance can be invoked to explain the diversification in the genus, which experienced rapid radiations driven by new ecological opportunities of the late Pliocene and Pleistocene but also retained a set of local endemic or relict species of an earlier origin.
Is there a true “shift” to the right colon in the incidence of colorectal cancer?

Abstract Objective Previous studies have reported a migration in the occurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC) toward a proximal colonic location. To assess the potential impact of this, we evaluated recent temporal trends in the United States. Methods Using the nine population-based cancer registries that constitute the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute, we identified primary CRCs diagnosed between 1978 and 1998. Temporal changes were evaluated for 3-yr time periods. Age-adjusted incidence rates and the proportions of new diagnoses of CRC were calculated by site and by race. Results We identified 243,861 individuals with CRC during 1978–1998, 51.1% of whom were men. In whites and in blacks, the proportions of new diagnoses of right CRC rose significantly, from 34% and 37% to 40% and 44%, respectively. In contrast, the proportions of left CRC (in whites and blacks) and of rectosigmoid CRC (in whites) decreased significantly over time. For whites and blacks, the age-adjusted incidence rates for right CRC remained unchanged (in whites) or showed a small increase (in blacks), whereas the age-adjusted incidence rates for left CRC (in whites and blacks) and for rectosigmoid CRC (in whites) declined. During 1996–1998, right CRC was the most common site in the oldest age groups (70–79, 80 yr, and older) in whites and in blacks. Conclusions The proximal migration of CRC over time is not attributed to a true increase in the incidence of right CRC. It is explained by a decrease in the incidence of distal CRC coupled with the aging of the population. Older individuals, in whom the burden of CRC is greatest, and in whom right CRC is the most common site, would be the most adversely affected from CRC screening methods that do not assess the total colon.
MACSYMA - the fifth year

MACSYMA is a large symbolic and algebraic manipulation system which has been under development at Project MAC, M.I.T. since 1969. We first discuss some of the design decisions, such as multiple representations, that led to the current system. We then give a brief description of the facilities of MACSYMA by dividing the system into seven packages: language and interactive facilities, general representation, rational function representation and related algorithms, the integration subsystem, the power series subsystem, the MACLISP system, and miscellaneous facilities.
What Does the Public Know About Preventing Cancer? Results From the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS)

This study provides information about the public's familiarity with cancer prevention strategies and examines the association between this familiarity and actual prevention behavior. Data from interviews with 5,589 adults included in the 2003 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) were analyzed. Most respondents were able to cite one or two strategies for reducing the chances of cancer. On average, the fewest number of strategies were cited by Hispanics, respondents aged 65 years or older, and those with the lowest levels of education and income. Avoiding tobacco and eating a healthy diet were most commonly cited. People who cited the following strategies for preventing cancer were more likely to practice them: eating plenty of fruits and vegetables, exercising regularly, not smoking, and participating in cancer screening. Results indicate that efforts are needed to increase public familiarity with recommended strategies, especially among groups that are least familiar with recommendations for cancer prevention.
Wide-Complex Tachycardia

A94-year-old asymptomatic woman was sent to the Emergency Room after being found to have an irregular pulse. An ECG showed a wide-complex tachycardia with right bundle-branch block morphology with a ventricular rate of 120 to 150 bpm. Her hemodynamics remained otherwise stable. The tachycardia persisted despite trials of adenosine, diltiazem, lidocaine, and procainamide. Because it was not clear …
In vitro studies of the antirhinovirus activity of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1.

Abstract We studied the in vitro antirhinovirus activity of a soluble form of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1). sICAM-1 inhibited the cytopathic effect of 10 representative human rhinovirus (HRV) serotypes of the major receptor group with, 50% effective concentrations (EC50s) of 0.1 to 7.9 micrograms/ml. Cell type-dependent variation in the inhibitory activity of sICAM-1 was observed for two major receptor group serotypes in HeLa cells (EC50, greater than 32 micrograms/ml), and no inhibitory effect was observed for two serotypes which use different cell receptors. Yield reduction assays showed that sICAM-1 inhibited the replication of HRV serotype 39 (HRV-39) in human adenoid explants in a concentration-dependent manner. No direct inactivation of infectivity of HRV-39 (EC50, 0.5 microgram/ml) was observed after incubation with sICAM-1 (32 micrograms/ml) for up to 24 h. Single-cycle-of-replication experiments with the addition of sICAM-1 at 10 micrograms/ml at different times showed that the inhibitory effect occurs only when sICAM-1 is added within 30 min after infection. In experiments in which absorption was carried out at 4 degrees C and then a single cycle of replication incubation was carried out at 33 degrees C, it was found that sICAM-1 at 10 micrograms/ml was inhibitory only when it was present during the absorption period. Our data show that sICAM-1 is inhibitory for representative major receptor group serotypes of HRV in two cell lines and human respiratory epithelium, that the interaction of sICAM-1 with HRV is readily reversible by dilution, and that the inhibitory effect of sICAM-1 on virus replication is present early in the infection cycle.
Optical Signal Processor Terminology

A substantial body of literature is evolving which reports on several optical devices and systems applicable to the processing of radar signals. In addition, considerable research and procurement funds are being allocated to advancing optical techniques for radar signal processing. Review of the published literature, RFPs and proposals points to the fact that a common set of definitions, specification criteria and test standards has not been established. The BMDATC Radar Directorate has taken an initial step by assembling a baseline document for that purpose.
Pertussis toxin blocks autoreceptor-mediated inhibition of dopaminergic neurons in rat substantia nigra.

Abstract Rat substantia nigra was injected with 1 μg of purified pertussis toxin, a substance which inactivates the inhibitory guanine nucleotide regulatory unit of adenylate cyclase. In comparison to saline-injected animals, the pertussis toxin-treated animals showed almost no inhibition of dopaminergic neurons in response to dopamine applied iontophoretically or the dopamine agonist (−)-apomorphine given intravenously. These results provide evidence that a guanine nucleotide regulatory protein is involved as a transducer in mediating the physiological actions of dopamine autoreceptors.
A Modern Approach to the Treatment of Mitochondrial Disease

The treatment of mitochondrial disease varies considerably. Most experts use a combination of vitamins, optimize patients’ nutrition and general health, and prevent worsening of symptoms during times of illness and physiologic stress. We agree with this approach, and we agree that therapies using vitamins and cofactors have value, though there is debate about the choice of these agents and the doses prescribed. Despite the paucity of high-quality scientific evidence, these therapies are relatively harmless, may alleviate select clinical symptoms, and theoretically may offer a means of staving off disease progression. Like many other mitochondrial medicine physicians, we have observed significant (and at times life-altering) clinical responses to such pharmacologic interventions. However, it is not yet proven that these therapies truly alter the course of the disease, and some experts may choose not to use these medications at all. At present, the evidence of their effectiveness does not rise to the level required for universal use. Based on our clinical experience and judgment, however, we agree that a therapeutic trial of coenzyme Q10, along with other antioxidants, should be attempted. Although individual specialists differ as to the exact drug cocktail, a common approach involves combinations of antioxidants that may have a synergistic effect. Because almost all relevant therapies are classified as medical foods or over-the-counter supplements, most physicians also attempt to balance the apparent clinical benefit of mitochondrial cocktails with the cost burden that these supplements pose for the family.
Facial amphiphiles in molecular recognition: From unusual aggregates to solvophobically driven foldamers

Abstract The term “facial amphiphiles” was originally used for molecules with the hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups located on two opposite faces, rather than at two ends as in the more conventional head/tail amphiphiles. Recent research has expanded this concept and created facially amphiphilic molecules with diverse topologies and intriguing properties. The geometry and the distribution of hydrophilic/hydrophobic groups on facial amphiphiles were key parameters influencing their properties. Intermolecular aggregation of facial amphiphiles generated a range of structures including dimers, vesicles, nanoclusters, and nanotubes. Intramolecular aggregation of facially amphiphilic repeat units in a molecule, on the other hand, allowed the molecule to respond to environmental stimuli through controlled conformational changes.
Social Support, Research Interest, Stress, and Research Productivity of Textiles and Apparel Faculty

This study examines the relationship between work stress and research productivity among faculty members in the field of textiles and apparel. Work stress and research productivity were studied in relation to four antecedent variables: collegial or institutional support, chair's support, professional organization support, and research interest. In addition, rank, institution type, position description, expertise, and degrees offered were examined in relation to the variables. Data from 173 members of the International Textile and Apparel Association (ITAA) classified as assistant professors (n = 63), associate professors (n = 63), and professors (n = 47) were analyzed. Results show research interests to be the only significant factor to influence research productivity. No variables in this study significantly influenced work stress. Respondents with higher research productivity were from 4-year, land-grant institutions with graduate programs and had a lower teaching load. Further investigation in examinin...
COMPARISON OF ORAL AND PARENTERAL GENTAMICIN (G) IN THE PREVENTION OF ENTERALLY-ACQUIRED PSEUDOMONAS (PS) SEPSIS

We evaluated the protective effect of oral and parenteral G in the leukopenic mouse. C3H/HeN mice were made leukopenic by injection of cyclophosphamide. Mice were either gavage fed (po) or injected (ip) with G in 5% glucose water (D5W) at 5, 10, or 15 mg/kg/day (days 1-7). On day 4 the animals were orogastrically inoculated with Ps. aeruginosa, immunotype 7 (ATCC #27318) in D5W. Survival of treatment groups were compared by 2-way ANOVA. RESULTS: The MIC of G for PS is 2 μg/ml. Protection by G is significantly related to dose [F(2,55)=5.65, p=0.0059]. Prophylactic G is more protective at 15 mg/kg/day than 5 mg/kg/day (p<0.05). Interestingly, oral G is as protective as parenteral G when given at equivalent doses. CONCLUSION: Prophylactic oral and parenteral G are effective in the prevention of enterally-acquired Ps sepsis in a leukopenic mouse model.
Electrically driven miniature hydrogels as muscle-like actuators

Amine-epoxy based gel actuators have been made since this chemistry allows the small volume gels to be made easily and is expected to provide enough strength for practical use with highly crosslinked networks. In this study, a small drop of cationic polyelectrolyte gel was prepared by crosslinking of trifunctional polyetheramines with ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether. The response of these materials to electrical stimuli, pH and metal ions is controlled by the crosslink density and ionic strength of medium. When the gels contact a platinum anode, positive charges are generated on the amine groups and the ionic repulsion causes the swelling. Reversing current neutralizes amines and the hydrogen bonding interaction causes a volume collapse. These gels show large and rapid swelling in response to an electrical and chemical input on a sub-millimeter scale.
Impaired blood flow in acute kidney injury: pathophysiology and potential efficacy of intrarenal vasodilator therapy.

Purpose of review Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of hospitalized patients and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Numerous studies have documented that acute reductions in glomerular filtration rates are associated with significant in-hospital mortality. Moreover, patients progressing to dialysis-dependent AKI can have mortality rates that exceed 60%. The pathophysiology of AKI is unknown, but marked reductions in corticomedullary blood flow leads to significant reductions in glomerular filtration rate during early phases of the disease. The recognition that hypoperfusion of the outer medulla is common to many forms of AKI and contributes to tubular ischemia has led many investigators to re-examine the use of vasodilators to restore blood flow and stabilize renal function. Recent findings Numerous prospective trials have studied the efficacy of various vasoactive compounds with primarily negative results. However, trial designs that failed to fully examine the dose response of many investigational agents contributed to the development of systemic hypotension, thus offsetting potential benefits of the treatment. Emerging devices that allow for intrarenal administration of drugs have led to the concept of ‘targeted renal’ prophylaxis and treatment. The rationale is that local renal administration can improve the safety profile of many vasoactive agents. Recent studies confirm that higher doses of fenoldopam or other vasodilators can be administered intrarenally without the development of systemic hypotension. Summary Previous trials utilizing vasodilator therapy to stabilize renal function in AKI have given conflicting results. This study will critically review trial design and dose selection used in previous studies of vasodilator therapy in AKI. Lastly, the potential for high-dose therapy using intrarenal drug delivery systems will be discussed.
Methionine-Riboflavin and Potassium Bicarbonate-Polymer Sprays Control Apple Flyspeck and Sooty Blotch

Abstract Flyspeck (FS) and sooty blotch (SB) are widely distributed and potentially economically damaging fungal diseases of apple and pear. They are particularly significant in warm and moist clim...
Solid-State NMR Study of Li-Assisted Dehydrogenation of Ammonia Borane

The mechanism of thermochemical dehydrogenation of the 1:3 mixture of Li3AlH6 and NH3BH3 (AB) has been studied by the extensive use of solid-state NMR spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. The activation energy for the dehydrogenation is estimated to be 110 kJ mol–1, which is lower than for pristine AB (184 kJ mol–1). The major hydrogen release from the mixture occurs at 60 and 72 °C, which compares favorably with pristine AB and related hydrogen storage materials, such as lithium amidoborane (LiNH2BH3, LiAB). The NMR studies suggest that Li3AlH6 improves the dehydrogenation kinetics of AB by forming an intermediate compound (LiAB)x(AB)1–x. A part of AB in the mixture transforms into LiAB to form this intermediate, which accelerates the subsequent formation of branched polyaminoborane species and further release of hydrogen. The detailed reaction mechanism, in particular the role of lithium, revealed in the present study highlights new opportunities for using ammonia borane and its derivatives as hyd...
Delayed but Complete Loss of Chloroplast DNA in Heat-Bleaching Cultures of Euglena gracilis

Summary We investigated the effect of incubation at a moderately elevated temperature of 33 °C on the organization of the chloroplast DNA in Euglena gracilis z strain. Our objective was to test whether irreversible loss of chloroplast function is associated with either a complete or partial loss of genetic information in the chloroplast. We show that loss of chloroplast DNA begins at about 60 h and that DNA is undetectable at 100 h. Nevertheless, the number of bleached (white) cells in the culture approaches 80 % before loss of chloroplast DNA can be detected. We conclude that loss of chloroplast DNA is not the root-cause of heat-bleaching but can explain why heat-bleached cells remain permanently white after many months of incubation at the permissive temperature.
Synthesis of substituted septanosyl-1,2,3-triazoles.

Abstract A carbohydrate-based oxepine, derived from 2-deoxy- d - arabino -hexopyranose, was used to prepare a family of septanosyl-1,2,3-triazoles in four steps. DMDO mediated epoxidation of the oxepine followed by trapping of the intermediate 1,2-anhydroseptanose by sodium azide gave the β-substituted glycosyl azide. The septanosyl azide was then reacted with a number of alkynes under thermal Huisgen or copper(I) mediated reaction conditions. Hydrogenolysis of benzyl protecting groups gave substituted septanosyl-1,2,3-triazoles. The new septanose-based structures were then evaluated as potential glycosidase inhibitors.
Indiscernible sequences in a model which fails to have the order property

Basic results on the model theory of substructures of a fixed model are presented. The main point is to avoid the use of the compactness theorem, so this work can easily be applied to the model theory of Lω1,ω and its relatives. Among other things we prove the following theorem:Let M be a model, and let λ be a cardinal satisfying λ∣L(M)∣ = λ. If M does not have the ω-order property, then for every A ⊆ M, ∣A∣ ≤ λ, and every I ⊆ M of cardinality λ+ there exists J ⊆ I cardinality λ+ which is an indiscernible set over A.This is an improvement of a result of S. Shelah.
Photoelectric Analysis of Polarized Light

The light traverses a rotating polarizer and the relative intensity behind this analyzer is measured photoelectrically as a function of the analyzer azimuth. A Fourier analysis is applied to the values obtained. The Fourier constants are practically equivalent to the Stokes parameters and their relations to other polarization parameters such as the phase difference, the azimuth, and the degree of polarization are given. The method may be applied to light of any wavelength. The theory is demonstrated by some measurements which were made with an especially constructed analyzer drive. For most practical cases a very satisfactory precision in the measurement of the polarization parameters is obtained.
The distribution of fatigue microcracks in an aluminum-matrix silicon carbide whisker composite

Discontinuously-reinforced metal matrix composites (DRMMC's) have been widely studied in the past decade due to their enormous potential in applications requiring high stiffness, strength, and low weight. DRMMC's generally exhibit superior stress-controlled high cycle fatigue properties with higher volume fractions of reinforcement typically leading to longer fatigue lives. The density of fatigue microcracks in DRMMC's, however, is much higher as compared with monolithic alloys. This study reports actual histograms for the distribution of surface microcracks in un-notched specimens of an AL-SiC[sub w] composite and how it changes with fatigue. The histograms were obtained by measuring the length of each microcrack seen on replicas of the specimen surface. The observed MLD is fitted with various commonly-used distribution functions to find the best fitting one and to test the goodness of fit of each.
Radial and Tangential Stresses in Impregnated Paper Insulation

OWING to the complex dielectric structure of the insulation of a cable, few, if any, attempts have been made to evaluate the stresses in the oil channels in terms of the dimensions of the complete cable and the basic dielectric properties of the insulating materials. A simple Analytical solution of the problem is available, however, if two assumptions are made:
Porcine Fibrinogen Glycopeptides: Substrates for Detecting Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidases F2and F3

Two different glycopeptides were isolated in high yield from a thermolytic digest of porcine fibrinogen. Edman analysis established their sequences as Val-Glu-Asn(CHO)-Lys and Val-Gly-Glu-Asn(CHO)-Arg. These sequences are nearly identical to the two human fibrinogen glycopeptides, Val-Glu-Asn(CHO)-Lys (gamma-chain), and Met-Gly-Glu-Asn(CHO)-Arg (beta-chain). The predominant carbohydrate moiety of both asialoglycopeptides was a biantennary oligosaccharide with a core alpha(1-->6)-linked fucose as reported earlier (Da Silva et al. (1994) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 312, 151-157). Both glycopeptides can be dansylated and used as sensitive substrates for Flavobacterium meningosepticum endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases F2 and F3. Porcine fibrinogen represents the best source for substrates with this oligosaccharide type that can be reliably produced in multimicromole quantities.
Immobilization of β-Galactosidase on an Insoluble Carrier with a Polyisocyanate Polymer. I. Preparation and Properties

Abstract Active β-galactosidase was immobilized on a polyisocyanate polymer previously applied to Teflon stirring bars. Maximum enzyme activity was attained by immobilizing the enzyme in phosphate buffer at pH 5.0. Although more β-galactosidase was immobilized at lower pH values, percentage of soluble specific activity remained nearly constant (about 19%) at pH values ranging from 5.0 to 8.5. The immobilized enzyme was stable for prolonged periods, and soluble enzymic activity was absent. Manganese or magnesium ions activated both soluble and immobilized β-galactosidase, but the percent activation was less for the immobilized enzyme, possibly due to hindered conformational changes. Immobilized β-galactosidase was active at pH 8.75 and possessed good stability at this pH as indicated by subsequent assay at pH 6.5. The immobilized β-galactosidase was used continuously up to 137.6 h with less sensitivity to glucose inhibition compared to the soluble enzyme.
Steady-state optical spin polarization from a spiropyran at 105 K. Possible evidence for a diradical

Abstract When irradiated at 105 K a single crystal of 3′,3′-dimethyl-6-methoxy-8-nitrospiro-[2H-1-benzopyran-2,2′-indoline], gave a triplet-state EPR spectrum which was strongly polarized in the steady state. D, g, and ϰ (intersystem crossing) tensors were diagonal in different frames. Excitation migration was very slow, suggesting that the short-lived (
Band 3 peptides inhibit deoxy S polymerization: Viscosity studies

We have previously obtained evidence that N-terminal band 3 peptides inhibited deoxyhemoglobin S (deoxy S) polymerization as determined by equilibrium solubility assays. An N:1-15AA fragment binds to the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) receptor locus of deoxy S with five to seven amino acids (AA) extending internally, while ten to eight AA remained external to deoxy S and inhibited polymerization by steric hindrance. A true mirror-image peptide, corresponding to two N:1-8AA + lysine (K) linked by coupler, binds to the 2,3-DPG loci of two deoxy S molecules, tethering them together to form "binary complexes" incapable of entering the polymer chains. The reduction in the concentration of deoxy S available for extended chain formation decreased polymerization. We now report time:viscosity profiles of the sol-gel transformation of purified solutions of deoxy S with and without peptides and studies of the gel solidity at equilibrium. Samples with peptides had longer lag times than controls of similar deoxy S concentrations. The mirror-image peptide was a more effective inhibitor than the N:1-15AA peptide. When the mirror-image peptide was present in peptide:hemoglobin molar ratios of 0.25-1:1, the increases in lag time were equivalent to decreasing the deoxy S concentrations by 15-25%, comparable to projected major therapeutic effects. Gel solidity, determined by yield temperature, was less in the sample with mirror-image peptide compared to control. These results support the proposed mechanisms of inhibition of deoxy S polymerization by band 3 peptides.
Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus endophthalmitis after cataract surgery with intraocular vancomycin.

Purpose We studied a case of postoperative coagulase-negative Staphylococcus endophthalmitis in a 79-year-old man who had undergone cataract extraction in which vancomycin had been used intraoperatively in the infusion fluid. Methods The medical records were reviewed for the clinical history, ocular findings, and the vitreous and anterior chamber culture results. Results Acute, postoperative coagulase-negative Staphylococcus endophthalmitis developed in the patient in whom vancomycin had been used intraoperatively in the infusion fluid. Conclusions Restraint is urged in the prophylactic use of vancomycin in the infusion fluids.
Semiprecision rest system for distal-extension removable partial dentures

The history of the nonlocking type of intracoronal semiprecision rest has been traced from its origins with Neurohr in 1930, up to its present use as the Thompson dowel rest. The advantages of the use of this deep rest design and the clasp arm design for primary retention have been discussed. The Blatterfein modification of the lingual clasp arm has been introduced to overcome the problems of breakage and lack of stabilization which are present with the Thompson, Van Dam, and Wands designs.
Evaluation of maternal health programs: approaches, methods and indicators.

Evaluation of maternal health services is an essential function of any health system. Single or multiple aspects of a program can be evaluated but they must be clearly defined. To assess success of a program the dimensions of coverage, equity, quality, women's satisfaction, efficiency and cost-effectiveness must be considered. These can be measured according to some standard criteria, and various methods are described, including randomized clinical trials, randomized community trials, before and after studies, and observational studies, including the case-control approach and confidential inquiries into maternal deaths. Indicators to assess effectiveness of a maternal health program may relate to structure, i.e., available resources or organizational arrangement; process, including changes in quantity of services provided; or outcome indicators that measure maternal mortality or morbidity.
Young's modulus of polycrystalline Li12Si7 using nanoindentation testing

Abstract Young's modulus for Li12Si7 was determined from nanoindentation testing. Young's modulus for Li12Si7 was 52.0 ± 8.2 GPa. This value is in excellent agreement with estimated values of Young's modulus calculated from predicted values of bulk modulus using density functional theory.
Barriers to physical activity in children.

The Surgeon General emphasizes the importance of nutrition and physical activity to improve health and eliminate preventable diseases, including obesity (2008). However, physical activity has additional benefits beyond weight management that are often overlooked. A child's participation in physical activity promotes the development of gross motor skills, school performance, and social engagement and fosters physical and mental health (Barnett, 2011). The 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommend that children and adolescents participate in at least 60 minutes of daily, moderate to high-intensity physical activity that focuses on balancing cardiovascular exercise and strength training (U.S. Department of Health & Services, 2008). Yet routine physical activity is often inadequate during the formative years of childhood. With 56% of preschool-age children enrolled in childcare centers, even the youngest population is at risk for activity restrictions (Copeland, Sherman, Kendeigh, Saelens, & Kalkwarf, 2009). Limited physical activity could hinder gross motor skills and social development, as well as compromise weight management (Copeland, Sherman, Kendeigh, Kalkwarf, & Saelens, 2012). The purpose of this paper is to review the barriers to children participating in physical activity.
Idiopathic Macular Hole With Extensive Subretinal Fluid: Clinical and Optical Coherence Tomography Features Before and After Surgery

Purpose To report clinical and optical coherence tomography (OCT) features in patients with idiopathic macular hole and extensive subretinal fluid (extending at least 1 disk diameter from the center of the hole). Design Retrospective, consecutive, noncomparative case series. Methods The case records of two patients with idiopathic macular holes with extensive subretinal fluid were reviewed. Results Both patients presented with reduced visual acuity (20/200 and 20/400). OCT demonstrated attachment of the posterior hyaloid to the inner retina, a full-thickness macular hole, cystoid macular edema (CME), and extensive subretinal fluid. After surgery, both patients achieved macular hole closure and improvement in visual acuity (20/60 and 20/30). Postoperatively, OCT showed a normal foveal contour, complete hole closure, and resolution of the CME and subretinal fluid. Conclusions In patients with macular hole and extensive subretinal fluid, improved visual acuity and hole closure can be achieved. Preoperative OCT in these patients demonstrates vitreoretinal interface abnormalities, CME, and extensive subretinal fluid. These changes resolve postoperatively.
The dialectical imagination: A history of the Frankfurt School and the Institute of Social Research: 1923-1950.

Herbert Marcuse, Erich Fromm, Max Horkheimer, Franz Neumann, Theodor Adorno, Leo Lowenthal--the impact of the Frankfurt School on the sociological, political, and cultural thought of the twentieth century has been profound. The Dialectical Imagination is a major history of this monumental cultural and intellectual enterprise during its early years in Germany and in the United States. Martin Jay has provided a substantial new preface for this edition, in which he reflects on the continuing relevance of the work of the Frankfurt School.
Agenda-based regulation of study-time allocation: When agendas override item-based monitoring.

Theories of self-regulated study assume that learners monitor item difficulty when making decisions about which items to select for study. To complement such theories, the authors propose an agenda-based regulation (ABR) model in which learners' study decisions are guided by an agenda that learners develop to prioritize items for study, given their goals and task constraints. Across 4 experiments, the authors orthogonally manipulated 1 task constraint-the reward structure of the task-with objective item difficulty, so that learners could use either item difficulty or potential reward in deciding how to allocate their study time. Learners studied items, were tested, and then selected half the items for restudy. As predicted by the ABR model, reward structure drove item selection more than did item difficulty, which demonstrates learners' agendas can override the effects of monitoring item difficulty in the allocation of study time.
Quantitation using enhanced signal tags: a technique for comparative proteomics.

Differential amidination of N-termini and lysine residues provides the basis for a novel approach to protein quantitation using MALDI mass spectrometry. Because the amidination of lysines increases their basicity and therefore MALDI ionization yields, the method is called quantitation using enhanced signal tags (QUEST). Amidine labels differ by methylene groups, leading to 14 Da mass differentials. The utility of QUEST is demonstrated while analyzing the digests of two model proteins using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Keywords: comparative proteomics • MALDI • quantitation • QUEST • amidination • derivatizations • mass spectrometry • enhanced ionization
HPLC assay of Lidocaine in plasma with solid phase extraction and UV detection.

Abstract A sensitive and reliable method based on solid-phase extraction and reversed-phase liquid chromatography was developed and validated for the quantitation of Lidocaine (Lid) in dog plasma. Phenacemide was used as an internal standard (IS) in the extraction which employed C18 solid-phase extraction cartridges. The washing and eluting solutions were 2 ml acetonitrile-pH 9.0 phosphate buffer (10:90 v/v) and 0.5 ml acetonitrile-pH 4.0 phosphate buffer (40:60 v/v), respectively. The eluent obtained from the cartridge was directly analyzed on a reversed-phase ODS column with UV detection at 210 nm. A clean chromatogram and high sensitivity were achieved at this wavelength. The mobile phase was acetonitrile and pH 5.9 phosphate buffer (20:80 v/v). The retention times were 6.4 and 7.2 min for Lid and IS, respectively, at a flow rate of 1.0 ml min−1. The mean absolute recovery was 96.6% (n=9) with a CV of 3.8% for Lid and 81.7% with CV of 2.5% (n=3) for IS. The limit of quantitation was 20 ng ml−1, with the intra- and inter-day precisions (n=5) of 4.4 and 3.4%, respectively, and the intra- and inter-day accuracies (n=5) of −4.3 and −5.0%, respectively. For the analyses of Lid in spiked plasma samples at 20, 100 and 200 ng ml−1, the overall mean intra- and inter-day precisions (n=15) were 3.9 and 4.9%, respectively, and the overall mean intra- and inter-day accuracies (n=15) were −3.7 and −4.6%, respectively. The correlation coefficients for calibration plots in the range 20–1000 ng ml−1 in plasma were typically higher than 0.998. The suitability of the method was demonstrated by the study in a beagle dog receiving a low intravenous dose of Lid.
Acute opioid dependence: characterizing the early adaptations underlying drug withdrawal

Rationale While opioid withdrawal is typically studied under conditions of chronic (i.e., continuous) drug administration, withdrawal signs can also be demonstrated in both humans and animals after a single opioid exposure. This phenomenon, termed acute dependence, may be useful in understanding the early stages of opioid dependence and addiction.
Evaluation of conditions for the HPLC determination of plasma amino acids using precolumn derivatization

For the determination of free amino acids in plasma, the conditions for precolumn derivatization of the amino acids and the chromatographic separation were examined. The isoindole products, formed by the reaction of the primary amino acids with orthophthalaldehyde (OPA), were readily separated by RPLC and detected spectrofluorometrically using an excitation wave-length of 300 nm and an emission cut-off filter of 440 nm. Since the sensitivity of this method permits determination of amino acids in the femtomole range, the analysis can be performed on samples as small as 10 μl of filtered plasma or serum. The separation is achieved in approximately 35 minutes with good precision for the majority of the amino acids.
New Fermions at the LHC and Mass of the Higgs Boson

Abstract Unification at M GUT ∼ 3 × 10 16 GeV of the three Standard Model (SM) gauge couplings can be achieved by postulating the existence of a pair of vectorlike fermions carrying SM charges and masses of order 300 GeV–1 TeV. The presence of these fermions significantly modifies the vacuum stability and perturbativity bounds on the mass of the SM Higgs boson. The new vacuum stability bound in this extended SM is estimated to be 117 GeV, to be compared with the SM prediction of about 128 GeV. An upper bound of 190 GeV is obtained based on perturbativity arguments. The impact on these predictions of type I seesaw physics is also discussed. The discovery of a relatively ‘light’ Higgs boson with mass ∼ 117 GeV could signal the presence of new vectorlike fermions within reach of the LHC.
Paroxetine binding to the rat norepinephrine transporter in vivo.

Abstract Background: The norepinephrine transporter (NET)/uptake site is an antidepressant-sensitive transporter located on plasma membranes of noradrenergic neurons and other specialized cells that remove norepinephrine (NE) from the synapse to terminate the actions of NE. The antidepressant paroxetine is believed to produce its therapeutic effects primarily by acting as a highly selective antagonist of the serotonin transporter (SERT). However, in vitro data indicates that paroxetine inhibits the NET. The present study was designed to determine whether paroxetine inhibits in NET in vivo. Methods: Rats were administered paroxetine (6.5, 10.0, or 15.0 mg/kg/day) via osmotic minipumps for 1 week. Following attainment of steady state serum concentrations, cortical NET function was assessed by both [ 3 H]- nisoxetine binding and [ 3 H]-norepinephrine uptake assays conducted ex vivo. Results: In unwashed brain homogenates, serum paroxetine concentrations greater than 100 ng/mL were positively correlated with the observed K d for [ 3 H]-nisoxetine. At [ 3 H]-nisoxetine concentrations associated with 50% transporter occupancy in vehicle treated rats, [ 3 H]-nisoxetine binding was decreased 21% and 34% in rats exhibiting serum paroxetine concentrations > 100 ng/mL and > 500 ng/mL, respectively. Conclusions: Although paroxetine is a very potent inhibitor of the SERT, paroxetine also inhibits the NET at serum concentrations > 100 ng/mL. This novel finding may underlie the broad therapeutic utility of paroxetine in mood and anxiety disorders.
Changes in taste associated with intravenous administration of pentamidine (revised)

In this pilot study the authors set out to: (a) describe the incidence of taste changes associated with intravenous (IV) pentamidine treatment; and (b) determine the factors that are related to making the taste changes better and worse. A convenience sample ( N =18) of adult male outpatients with AIDS participated in this study. One hundred percent of the participants experienced an unpleasant taste after the administration of pentamidine. The largest percentage of patients had a metallic taste (89%, n =16); while 67% ( n =12) experienced a bitter taste. These data suggest that healthcare providers need to assess for the unpleasant taste associated with IV pentamidine and develop appropriate management strategies.
The Relationship Between Supply Chain Management and Keiretsu

The Supply Chain Management (SCM) concept has received much attention as a method for achieving improved customer service, better inventory management, and better overall channel management. Keiretsu, a type of Japanese business network shares many of the goals of SCM, yet is implemented much differently. This paper explores the similarities and differences between SCM and Keiretsu approaches. It also discusses broad changes that are required to make SCM a more viable competitive alternative among western firms.
GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES AT THE POWELL STAGE STATION

Within the boundaries of the Idaho National Laboratory, an ongoing archaeological investigation of a late 19th century stage station was expanded with the use of Electro-Magnetic and Magnetic geophysical surveying. The station known as the Powell Stage Station was a primary transportation hub on the Snake River Plain, bridging the gap between railroad supply depots in Blackfoot, Idaho and booming mining camps throughout Central Idaho. Initial investigations have shown a strong magnetic signature from a buried road and previously unknown features that were not detected by visual surface surveys. Data gained from this project aids in federally directed cultural resource and land management and use requirements and has contributed additional information for archeological interpretation and cultural resource preservation.
Analytical modeling of SRAM dynamic stability

In this paper, for the first time, a theory for evaluating dynamic noise margins of SRAM cells is developed analytically. The results allow predicting the transient error susceptibility of an SRAM cell using a closed-form expression. The key innovation involves using the methods of nonlinear system theory in developing the model. It is shown that when a transient noise of given magnitude affects a sensitive node of a cell, the bi-stable, feedback-driven nature of the cell determines whether the noise will be suppressed or will evolve to eventually flip state. The specific formal and quantitative result is a closed-form expression that can be used to predict whether a cell flip will occur for a noise signal with specific characteristics, and for a given SRAM cell design. Experiments show excellent match between the analytical prediction and the SPICE simulation results.
Immunoglobulin variable-region structures in immunity and autoimmunity to DNA.

MARION, T.N., TILLMAN, D.M., KRISHNAN, M.K., DESAI, D.D., JOU, N.-T. and RUFF, M.B. Immunoglobulin Variable-Region Structures in Immunity and Autoimmunity to DNA. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 1994, 173 (1), 43-63 - Important to the immunopathology associated with the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus, is the production of autoantibody to DNA. Crucial to understanding the immunological basis for autoimmunity to DNA is knowing whether the anti-DNA autoantibody is the product of clonally-selective, antigen-specific B cell stimulation or non-selective, polyclonal B cell activation. Structural analyses of the Immunoglobulin variable-regions of both early, IgM and late, IgG anti-DNA antibodies from lupus-prone (NZB×NZW) F1 mice have indicated that both IgM and IgG anti-DNA autoantibodies are generated by clonally-selective B cell stimulation. Within individual autoimmune mice the later appearing, IgG anti-DNA autoantibodies are structurally similar to the earlier appearing, IgM antibodies, and in some cases both IgM and IgG may be produced by the same B cell clones. The variable-region structural data also suggest that DNA or complexes containing DNA may be the immunogenic stimuli for autoantibody to DNA. In support of this conclusion, normal mice immunized with immunogenic peptide-DNA complexes produce anti-DNA antibodies with structural and serological characteristics similar if not identical to those of autoimmune anti-DNA antibodies. Normal mice immunized with peptide-DNA complexes eventually develop immunopathology that resembles lupus nephritis. These results suggest that autoimmunity to DNA and subsequent autoimmune disease in SLE may result from a specific immune response to DNA containing antigens.