cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inverse perturbation analysis: Improving the accuracy of potential energy curves☆

Abstract The equation for the first-order energy correction is used inversely to find the perturbation responsible for the energy correction. In the specific application to the calculation of a potential energy curve from the spectroscopic term values, the sought perturbation is a correction to an approximate potential curve. Consequently, an approximate potential curve (e.g. an RKR (Rydberg-Klein-Rees) curve) can be improved until the eigenvalues calculated for this curve agree with the spectroscopic term values within the experimental uncertainty. Results are given for the X2Σ+ state of HgH.
Distinct regulation of expressed calcium channels 2.3 in Xenopus oocytes by direct or indirect activation of protein kinase C

Protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent regulation of voltage-gated Ca (Ca(v); with alpha(1)beta1Balpha2/delta subunits) channel 2.3 was investigated using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), or by M(1) muscarinic receptor activation in Xenopus oocytes. The inward Ca(2+)-current with Ba(2+) (I(Ba)) as the charge carrier was potentiated by PMA or acetyl-beta-methylcholine (MCh). The inactivating [I(inact)] and non-inactivating [I(noninact)] components of I(Ba) and the time constant of inactivation tau(inact) were all increased by MCh or PMA. This may be a PKC-dependent action since the effect of MCh and PMA was blocked by Ro-31-8425 or beta-pseudosubstrate. MCh effect was blocked by atropine, guanosine-5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) trilithium (GDPbetaS) or U-73122. The effect of MCh but not PMA was blocked by the inhibition of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors, intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)) or the translocation of conventional PKC (cPKC) with heparin, BAPTA and betaC2.4, respectively. While a lower concentration (25 nM) of Ro-31-8425 blocked MCh, a higher concentration (500 nM) of Ro-31-8425 was required to block PMA action. This differential susceptibility of MCh and PMA to heparin, BAPTA, betaC2.4 or Ro-31-8425 is suggestive of the involvement of Ca(2+)-dependent cPKC in MCh action, whereas cPKC and Ca(2+)-independent novel PKC (nPKC) in PMA action. PMA led to additional increase in I(Ba) that was already potentiated by preadministered MCh (1 or 10 microM), leading to the suggestion that differential phosphorylation sites for cPKC and nPKC may be present in the alpha(1)2.3 subunit of Ca(v) 2.3 channels.
Increased Apolipoprotein E mRNA in the Hippocampus in Alzheimer Disease and in Rats after Entorhinal Cortex Lesioning

The distribution of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) mRNA was characterized in the hippocampus of humans with Alzheimer disease (AD) and in rats with experimental lesions (unilateral ablation of the entorhinal cortex) that model selected features of AD. In both AD and the lesion model, we observed a shift in the location of astrocytes containing prevalent ApoE mRNA from the neuropil to regions with densely packed neurons. The increased abundance of ApoE mRNA in astrocytes close to neuron cell bodies could be indicative of lipid uptake in regions where neurons are degenerating or where synaptic remodeling is taking place.
Towards non-cooperative standoff biometrics using extremely low frequency (ELF) processing

Earth’s Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (⊕-NMR) is a novel detection technique that exploits the uniformity of the earth’s magnetic field to measure precessing magnetizations of isotope-having objects such as human beings. The ability to provide standoff medical surveillance will increase the Biomedical Wellness (BMW) of not only aging American citizens but also persons we seek to track from healthy to diseased states. Taking advantage of the uniform field in the earth, spatio-temporal integration (3 orders due to time and 4 orders due to space) and Higher Order Statistics (HOS), namely, change detection via kurtosis (ΔK), SNR and the ability to make non-locality measurements may be increased to at least the level of the typical hospital NMR devices. Moreover, we present theoretical calculations of magnitude and consider time dynamics of the resonant/relaxing magnetic fields as a function of 3D human motion and distance.
The evolution of television series addressing single women, 1966–1990

Scholars have long debated the adequacy of women's images on television. This study traced the development of trends and economic influences in serial programming devoted to single working women since 1966. Results suggest that the networks have made considerable progress in the quantity and status of roles presented, but minority females continue to be underrepresented. Individual network contributions also vary, suggesting that role characterizations are more a function of program economics than social advocacy.
A Bivariate Extension of the Exponential Distribution

Abstract A bivariate extension of the exponential distribution is proposed as a model for certain problems in life testing. It applies, in particular, to two-component systems, which can function even if one of the components has failed. Various statistical properties of the model are investigated, including maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters and their distributions.
Applied computational geometry: towards robust solutions of basic problems

Abstract Geometric computations, like all numerical procedures, are extremely prone to roundoff error. However, virtually none of the numerical analysis literature directly applies to geometric calculations. Even for line intersection, the most basic geometric operation, there is no robust and efficient algorithm. Compounding the difficulties, many geometric algorithms perform iterations of calculations reusing previously computed data. In this paper, we explore some of the main issues in geometric computations and the methods that have been proposed to handle roundoff errors. In particular, we focus on one method and apply it to a general iterative intersection problem. Our initial results seem promising and will hopefully lead to robust solutions for more complex problems of applied computational geometry.
Associations of Parent Coping, Stress, and Well-Being in Mothers of Children with Diabetes: Examination of Data from a National Sample

Caring for a child with diabetes is associated with parental stress and difficulties with psychological and physical functioning. Although small samples of children and parents have been studied to examine the relationship of parental stress and coping with well-being, little has been done looking at broader, national samples. The current study examined data on parental demographics, stress, coping, psychological well-being, and physical well-being from a national dataset (NSCH). A subset of 278 mothers who had children diagnosed with diabetes (either type 1 or type 2; M age = 12.1; 46% female children; 78% white) were included in the analyses for the current study. Results suggested that mothers of non-white children and mothers from single parent households experience poorer psychological and physical well-being than mothers of white children or mothers with a partner. Further, more stress was related to less positive psychological well-being, and poorer maternal coping was related to decreases in psychological and physical well-being. Findings support previous research with smaller, local samples and indicate the importance of addressing maternal stress and coping and providing interventions when needed for mothers of children with diabetes.
Fibre-optic smoke sensor

Abstract Optical methods for remote smoke sensing have several advantages over conventional methods, especially in the presence of e.m.i. or explosive substances. In this work the study and a first realization of a fibre-optic smoke sensor based on light scattering from particles, which exploits the triangulation principle, are proposed. Sensor response is theoretically evaluated by varying both the smoke characteristics and the geometry of the system. These results are then compared with the results of experimental tests. The sensor realized is innovative with respect to similar ones. In fact, it makes possible not only the detection of smoke, but also the control of possible failures, such as failure in the illuminating system or presence of opaque deposits over the faces of the lenses. Particles with a radius greater than or equal to 0.02 μm and having a density of 10 8 part/cm 3 were detected by the sensor. Smoke constituted of smaller particles is detectable only if present in a higher concentration.
Seeking healthcare for pelvic floor disorders: a population-based study

Objective The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics that are associated with seeking care for pelvic floor disorders (PFD). Study Design Strategies for seeking care for pelvic organ prolapse, urinary incontinence (UI), and anal incontinence (AI) were assessed in 4392 women. Women were dichotomized into women who had sought care and women with disorders who had not. Chi-square and t tests were used to compare demographic and medical variables. Logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CI. Results Women who sought care were significantly older (64 ± 13.1 vs 55 ± 14.8 years old; P Conclusion Seeking care for PFD is associated with older age, hysterectomy, hormone use, and frequent urinary tract infection. This reinforces the need for PFD treatment as our population ages and demand increases.
The etiology of multiple personality

Abstract A case of multiple personality in a 16-year-old girl demonstrated that the disorder can be noniatrogenic. The patient spontaneously named and described three alternate personalities. A crucial determinant in this and other reported cases is the inability of the patient to adequately identify with the same-sex parent. This leads to unstable extraparental identifications that makes splitting of ego functions likely under stress. The relationship, if any, of ocular defects and or cortical disorders to the onset of this syndrome is unclear but bears furthur exploration.
Brain changes in newborns from an intensive care unit.

SUMMARY A study of the brains of 105 newborns (82 pre-term and 23 term infants), who failed to survive after treatment for severe respiratory distress in an intensive care unit, revealed that 63 of the pre-term infants died as a result of subependymal germinal plate hemorrhage. Additional lesions were found in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebral white matter and cranial nerve nuclei. The clinical course of 25 of the 105 infants was studied intensively. In these infants the severity of the lesions appeared to correlate roughly with the length of survival under anoxic and acidotic conditions. The data indicate the importance of determining the fundamental etiology of the germinal plate hemorrhage, of searching for new therapeutic approaches to attack this problem, and of planning follow-up studies of those infants who survive. RESUME L'etude des cerveaux de 105 nouveaux-nes (82 prematures et 23 nes a terme) n'ayant pas survecu a un traitement pour detresse respiratoire severe dans une unite de soins intensifs, a montre que 63 des prematures sont morts a la suite d'une hemorragie de la plaque germinatif dans la region sous-ependymaire. Des lesions associees ont ete trouvees dans le cortex cerebral, l'hippocampe, la substance blanche cerebrale et les noyaux des nerfs crâniens. L'evolution clinique de 25 des 105 nouveaux-nes a eteetudiee tres soigneusement. Chez ces nouveaux-nes, la gravite des lesions est grossierement correlee avec la duree de la survie en etat anoxique et acidosique. Ces donnees montrent l'importance de determiner l'etiologie principale des hemorragies de la plaque germinatif dans la region sous-ependymaire de rechercher de nouvelles approches therapeutiques pour aborder ce probleme et d'entreprendre des etudes longitudinales chez les suvivants. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Eine Untersuchung an den Gehirnen von 105 Neugeborenen (82 Fruhgeborene und 23 reife Neugeborene), die in einer Intensivstation wegen eines schweren RDS behandelt worden waren und nicht uberlebt hatten, ergab, daβ 63 der Fruhgeborenen an einer periventrikularen Hirnblutung gestorben waren. Weitere Lasionen fanden sich im Cortex, Hippocampus, in der weiβen Substanz und in den Hirnnervenkernen. Der klinische Verlauf wurde bei 25 der 105 Kinder sehr genau untersucht. Bei diesen Kindern schien das Ausrnaβ der Lasionen ungefahr in Korrelation mit der Dauer der Uberlebenszeit unter anoxischen und azidotischen Bedingungen zu stehen. Die Befunde zeigen, daβ es sehr wichtig ist, die grundlegende Ursache fur die periventrikulare Hirnblutung zu finden, neue therapeutische Maβnahmen zur Bekampfung dieses Problems zu suchen und Nachuntersuchungen der uberlebenden Kinder zu planen.
ERCP in post-Billroth II gastrectomy patients: emphasis on technique

Abstract Objective: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in post-Billroth II (BII) gastrectomy is more difficult due to anatomical changes. The difficulties include entrance to the afferent loop and selective cannulation. Our aim here is to report the success rate and special manipulations and techniques of this procedure. Methods: A retrospective review of 56 ERCP procedures in post-BII gastrectomy patients was performed. There were 43 male and 13 female patients with a mean age of 63 yr (range, 32–78 yr). All cases were tried with forward-viewing endoscope first. Of the failed cases, 10 were retried by side-view duodenoscope. The entrance to the afferent loop was attempted by starting from the upper opening at the anastomosis site and, if this failed, then using the lower opening; presence of bile; and air-contrasted afferent loop under fluoroscopy. If failure of afferent loop entrance resulted, hand compression over the mid-abdomen, or polypectomy snare in the working channel of the endoscope, was tried. For failure of common bile duct cannulation with straight catheters, techniques of pushing the catheter against the duodenal wall and bending the tip of the endoscope or guidewire were used. Results: The success rate of afferent loop entrance was 76.7% (43 of 56 cases). The afferent loop was identified in the upper orifice of the anastomosis in 93% (40 of 43) of the cases. Eight cases of afferent loop entrance could be facilitated by hand compression, and three by polypectomy snare in the working channel of the endoscope. The success rate of ERCP cannulation in those successful afferent loop intubation cases was 81.3% (35/43 cases). Most of the selective common bile duct (CBD) cannulation was achieved by straight (new) catheter and an additional six cases were successful using the techniques mentioned. No serious complications were encountered, except three cases of submucosal hemorrhage. Conclusion: The overall success rate of BII ERCP was 62.5% (35 of 56 cases). The special manipulations mentioned in BII ERCP can be helpful in certain cases.
Developments In Large CdTe Substrate Growth

The demand for large, high purity, low defect, single crystal CdTe substrates with high IR transmission has accelerated because of their use in liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) of HgCdTe used in IR focal planes. CdTe is nearly lattice matched to Hgl-xCdxTe for all compositions and is chemically similar to Hgl-xCdxTe, allowing thermodynamic equilibrium between liquid and solid to be readily established at growth temperature. HgCdTe and CdTe also have a similar thermal expansion coefficients, and CdTe is optically transparent to IR radiation allowing the fabrication of backside-illuminated devices.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Observations about career psychology

Abstract This paper views the recent past of the field of career psychology in an attempt to place it into perspective as well as to predict patterns of research activity to come.
The collection and elution of radioactive fatty acid methyl esters during quantitative gas-liquid chromatography.

Abstract An improved procedure is described for the collection and elution of low levels of radioactive fatty acid methyl esters separated by gas-liquid chromatography. A gas chromatographic effluent splitter was employed to partition fatty acid methyl ester samples in the column effluent, Condensation of a portion of the eluted fatty acids was accomplished in borosilicate glass tubing collectors maintained at −70°C, Quantitation of nanomolar levels of fatty acid methyl esters was accomplished by calibrating the gas chromatographic flame ionization detectors with the splitters opened or closed. The elution of condensed radioactive fatty acid methyl esters from the glass collectors was complete when benzene followed by a toluene based scintillation fluid were employed as solvents. The method described may be applicable to the analysis of cis-trans isomers of unsaturated fatty acids.
Resveratrol reduces prostate cancer growth and metastasis by inhibiting the Akt/MicroRNA-21 pathway.

The consumption of foods containing resveratrol produces significant health benefits. Resveratrol inhibits cancer by reducing cell proliferation and metastasis and by inducing apoptosis. These actions could be explained by its ability to inhibit (ERK-1/2), Akt and suppressing the levels of estrogen and insulin growth factor -1 (IGF-1) receptor. How these processes are manifested into the antitumor actions of resveratrol is not clear. Using microarray studies, we show that resveratrol reduced the expression of various prostate-tumor associated microRNAs (miRs) including miR-21 in androgen-receptor negative and highly aggressive human prostate cancer cells, PC-3M-MM2. This effect of resveratrol was associated with reduced cell viability, migration and invasiveness. Additionally, resveratrol increased the expression of tumor suppressors, PDCD4 and maspin, which are negatively regulated by miR-21. Short interfering (si) RNA against PDCD4 attenuated resveratrol’s effect on prostate cancer cells, and similar effects were observed following over expression of miR-21 with pre-miR-21 oligonucleotides. PC-3M-MM2 cells also exhibited high levels of phospho-Akt (pAkt), which were reduced by both resveratrol and LY294002 (a PI3-kinase inhibitor). MiR-21 expression in these cells appeared to be dependent on Akt, as LY294002 reduced the levels of miR-21 along with a concurrent increase in PDCD4 expression. These in vitro findings were further corroborated in a severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mouse xenograft model of prostate cancer. Oral administration of resveratrol not only inhibited the tumor growth but also decreased the incidence and number of metastatic lung lesions. These tumor- and metastatic-suppressive effects of resveratrol were associated with reduced miR-21 and pAkt, and elevated PDCD4 levels. Similar anti-tumor effects of resveratrol were observed in DU145 and LNCaP prostate cancer cells which were associated with suppression of Akt and PDCD4, but independent of miR-21.These data suggest that resveratrol’s anti-tumor actions in prostate cancer could be explained, in part, through inhibition of Akt/miR-21 signaling pathway.
Tritium permeation through clean construction alloys

Tritium permeabilities of seven construction alloys and of a 1.5 pct Fe, 3.5 pct Ni tungsten alloy were measured over the 300 to 700 °C range with special care to avoid surface oxidation. Seven μ of nickel were electroplated onto both sides of the samples before tritium permeation rates were measured, and there was no surface oxidation. Permeation rates in seven of the eight experiments were 0.5 ± 0.05 power dependent on the tritium pressure. The experiment with Croloy 2.25 Cr, 1 Mo alloy indicated the rate to be 0.60 power dependent on pressure. Permeabilities of the seven construction alloys when plotted in Arrhenius form separate the alloys into two groups coinciding with a separation of the ferritic alloys from the austenitic and high nickel alloys. Permeabilities of ferritic alloys are generally greater than those of austenitics.
Chemical synthesis of an oligodeoxythymidylate containing boranephosphate and phosphate linkages

Oligodeoxythymidylate 14mers containing combinations of boranephosphate and phosphate linkages have been synthesized. These compounds show improved binding affinity and RNase H activation over fully modified boranephosphate DNA.
Development of a High-Volume Concentrated Ambient Particles System (CAPS) for Human and Animal Inhalation Toxicological Studies

A two-stage, high-volume, ambient particle concentrator was developed and characterized. This versatile system, depending on its operational parameters, can be used to fractionate and concentrate particles in three size ranges (PM 10-2.5, PM 10-1, PM 2.5-1) . The performance of this concentrated ambient particle system (CAPS), as well as its individual virtual impaction stages, was investigated as a function of several parameters, including minor-to-total flow ratios and acceleration nozzle Reynolds number. During these laboratory tests, performance parameters such as concentration enrichment factor (CF), particle losses, collection efficiency curves, cutpoint, and pressure drop were measured. The main objective of these investigations was to optimize the ability of the system to concentrate ambient PM 2.5-10 and PM 1-10 particles. PM 2.5-10 particles were concentrated by a factor of 70 to 150. The flow rate of the concentrated aerosol can range between 12.5 and 50 LPM (L/min). Other features of the syste...
Mechanisms of pulsus alternans.

The mechanisms of pulsus alternans were studied in three patients by cineangiographic determinations of left ventricular volume. In two patients with left ventricular disease, pulsus alternans occurred without detectable variation in left ventricular enddiastolic pressure (LVEDP) or end-diastolic volume (EDV), although in the second case these values did alternate in the initial postextrasystolic beats. Another patient with normal left ventricular function had brief postextrasystolic pulsus alternans associated with LVEDV alternations. Twenty-nine patients with valvular aortic stenosis who showed pulsus alternans during left heart catheterization were also studied. Persistent alternation in LVEDP occurred in eight, with transient LVEDP alternation appearing after extrasystoles in 22 cases. Cardiac cycle length and diastolic interval alternation occurred inconsistently.
Nasalisation in English: phonology or phonetics

In English, a number of rules affect the realisation of a nasal consonant or a segment adjacent to a nasal consonant. These include rules of Anticipatory Nasalisation, e.g. bean /bin/ [bĩn]; Coronal Stop Deletion, e.g. kindness /kajndnes/ [kajnnes]; Nasal Deletion and optionally Glottalisation, e.g. sent /sent/ [set] or [set'] (see Malecot 1960; Selkirk 1972; Kahn 1980 [1976]; Zue & Laferriere 1979). These rules, characterised largely on the basis of impressionistic data, are widely assumed to be phonological rules of English. Yet current views of the relationship between phonology and phonetics make the distinction between phono-logical rules and phonetic ones less automatic than once assumed and a reconsideration of the status of these rules is warranted. In the present article, I use phonetic data from English to investigate these rules. Based on these data, I argue that Anticipatory Nasalisation results from phonetic implementation rather than from a phonological rule, as previously assumed. It is shown that the basic patterns of nasalisation in English can be accounted for straightforwardly within a target-interpolation model. I then investigate the phonological status and phonetic realisation of Nasal Deletion, Coronal Stop Deletion and Glottalisation. The interaction of these rules yields some surprising results, in that glottalised /t/ [t'] is amenable to nasalisation.
Effects of prostacyclin on bronchoconstriction and neutropenia induced by inhaled platelet-activating factor in man.

Abstract We studied the effects of prostacyclin (PGI 2 ) on the airway responses to platelet-activating factor (PAF) in a randomized and crossover study in eight normal subjects. PGI 2 or diluent (glycine buffer) was continuously infused on 2 separate days. Two breaths of PAF (21 μg) were inhaled three times every 15 minutes and airflow at 30% of vital capacity from partial flow-volume curves (Vp 30 ) was measured. PGI 2 (4 ng/kg/min) had no effect on Vp 30 or blood pressure, whereas heart rate increased from 70.3 ± 3.9 to 73.7 ± 4.0 beats/min (mean ± SEM; p 2 had no effect on PAF-induced bronchoconstriction with maximal decreases in Vp 30 of 42.0 ± 8.0% ( p 2 and 49.8 ± 14.2% ( p −9 to 10 −7 mol/L) was significantly inhibited by PGI 2 . Circulating neutrophils decreased from 4.7 ± 0.9 × 10 9 /L to 1.5 ± 0.3 × 10 9 /L ( p 2 . Thus, PGI 2 does not influence PAF-induced bronchoconstriction in man despite causing marked inhibition of ex vivo PAF-induced platelet aggregation and preventing the fall of neutrophils.
Observations of Arctic haze during polar flights from Alaska to Norway

Abstract Arctic haze observed during polar flights from Anchorage, Alaska, to Thule, Greenland, and Thule to Bodo, Norway, during March 1983, was widespread over the entire Arctic region flown. The distribution of this haze exhibited strong horizontal and vertical variability resulting from the synopticmeteorological situations encountered: e.g. the presence of fronts and haze transport zones. Condensation nuclei concentrations of about 500 cm −3 and aerosol scattering extinction values of about 4 × 10 −5 m −1 were typical for Arctic haze layers. Intrusions of stratospheric air into the Arctic troposphere through tropopause folds were observed twice, suggesting that these events might occur quite frequently in the springtime Arctic atmosphere.
Laminar dispersion in capillaries: Part II. Effect of inlet boundary conditions and turner type of system capacitance

The effect of inlet boundary conditions on the transient approach to the asymptotic Taylor-Aris theory was studied for three different cases. It was found that for values of τ of practical interest the solutions for these cases were different only if NPe < 100. The asymptotic solution was independent of inlet conditions in the three cases studied once τ exceeded the necessary minima. A rather complete numerical solution to the equation that describes laminar flow in tubes with a single continuous stagnant pocket of arbitrary depth along the entire length of the pore has been obtained, and results for point, average, and bulk concentration distributions are presented for a wide range of parameters. The range of applicability is extended to infinity for both τ and NPe by the asymptotic theory of Aris. Higher capacitance systems require longer times before their dispersion behavior can be described by error-function solutions. This is important, since only then is the concept of an equivalent axial dispersion coefficient useful because then it allows the calculation of the complete average concentration distribution from a minimum of data. This suggests that in work on high capacitance systems such as packed beds, one should ensure that experimental systems are long enough for the asymptotic theory to apply if results are to be interpreted in terms of dispersion coefficients. Numerical results for the Turner model agree very well with the modified effective dispersion coefficient, which was suggested by Aris and is given in Equation (15), as long as τ is sufficiently large. These lower limits for τ are given in Table 3. When the lower limits on τ are exceeded, the new solution developed for the point distribution given by Equations (31) and (32) is also valid. This is important for at least two reasons. First, it implies that the dispersion model can be used to describe the local as well as the average behavior of complex transient systems if only the velocity distribution across the system is known. More work is needed to ascertain the limitations and possibilities of the dispersion model in this regard. Second, it shows that one can find simple and accurate approximate local solutions without neglecting axial molecular diffusion.
O-type oscillator with metamaterial-like slow-wave structure

We report results on “hot” modeling of an O-type oscillator with a metamaterial-like periodic electrodynamic structure. The structure, having its spatial period much less than the wavelength, exhibits extremely low group velocity and, at the location of the propagating electron beam, supports the longitudinal component of electric field of a fair amplitude, thus, providing a sufficient value of the Pierce parameter.
Characterization of Cell Cycle Specific Protein Interaction Networks of the Yeast 26S Proteasome Complex by the QTAX Strategy

Ubiquitin-proteasome dependent protein degradation plays a fundamental role in the regulation of the eukaryotic cell cycle. Cell cycle transitions between different phases are tightly regulated to prevent uncontrolled cell proliferation, which is characteristic of cancer cells. To understand cell cycle phase specific regulation of the 26S proteasome and reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway during cell cycle progression, we have carried out comprehensive characterization of cell cycle phase specific proteasome interacting proteins (PIPs) by QTAX analysis of synchronized yeast cells. Our efforts have generated specific proteasome interaction networks for the G1, S, and M phases of the cell cycle and identified a total of 677 PIPs, 266 of which were not previously identified from unsynchronized cells. On the basis of the dynamic changes of their SILAC ratios across the three cell cycle phases, we have employed a profile vector-based clustering approach and identified 20 functionally significant groups of PIPs, 3 of which are enriched with cell cycle related functions. This work presents the first step toward understanding how dynamic proteasome interactions are involved in various cellular pathways during the cell cycle.
JC virus T'135, T'136 and T'165 proteins interact with cellular p107 and p130 in vivo and influence viral transformation potential.

The JC virus (JCV) regulatory proteins, large T antigen, small t antigen, T′135, T′136, and T′165, are encoded by five transcripts alternatively spliced from the viral early precursor mRNA. T antigen and the T′ proteins share N-terminal amino acid sequences that include the L × C × E and J domains, motifs in SV40 T antigen known to mediate binding to the retinoblastoma (Rb) proteins and Hsc70, respectively. In this study, G418-resistant cell lines were created that express wild-type or mutant JCV T antigen and T′ proteins individually or in combination. These cell lines were used to evaluate the ability of each viral protein to bind p107 and p130 in vivo, and to influence cellular growth characteristics. Differences were observed in the abilities of individual T′ proteins to bind p107 and p130 and to alter their phosphorylation status. The T′ proteins were also found to localize to the cell’s nucleus and to be phosphorylated in a cell cycle-dependent manner. JCV T antigen and T′ proteins expressed from a cytomegalovirus promoter failed to induce dense focus formation in Rat2 cells, but they did cooperate with a mutant Ras protein to overcome cellular senescence and immortalize rat embryo fibroblasts. These data indicate that, despite their sequence similarities, JCV early proteins exhibit unique activities that, in combination, effect the inactivation of cell cycle regulators, a requirement for polyomavirus-induced transformation.
The intersection between cognitive robotics and human robot interaction

Interaction between two entities is a mixture of social, cognitive, and embodied qualities. We know a great deal about interaction between people, but only recently have begun exploring whether people interact with robots and avatars the same way that people interact with each other.
Changes to particulate versus mineral-associated soil carbon after 50 years of litter manipulation in forest and prairie experimental ecosystems

Models of ecosystem carbon (C) balance generally assume a strong relationship between NPP, litter inputs, and soil C accumulation, but there is little direct evidence for such a coupled relationship. Using a unique 50-year detrital manipulation experiment in a mixed deciduous forest and in restored prairie grasslands in Wisconsin, combined with sequential density fractionation, isotopic analysis, and short-term incubation, we examined the effects of detrital inputs and removals on soil C stabilization, destabilization, and quality. Both forested sites showed greater decline in bulk soil C content in litter removal plots (55 and 66 %) compared to increases in litter addition plots (27 and 38 % increase in surface soils compared to controls). No accumulation in the mineral fraction C was observed after 50 years of litter addition of the two forested plots, thus increases in the light density fraction pool drove patterns in total C content. Litter removal across both ecosystem types resulted in a decline in both free light fraction and mineral C content, with an overall 51 % decline in mineral-associated carbon in the intermediate (1.85–2.4 g cm−3) density pool; isotopic data suggest that it was preferentially younger C that was lost. In contrast to results from other, but younger litter manipulation sites, there was with no evidence of priming even in soils collected after 28 years of treatment. In prairie soils, aboveground litter exclusion had an effect on C levels similar to that of root exclusion, thus we did not see evidence that root-derived C is more critical to soil C sequestration. There was no clear evidence that soil C quality changed in litter addition plots in the forested sites; δ13C and Δ14C values, and incubation estimates of labile C were similar between control and litter addition soils. C quality appeared to change in litter removal plots; soils with litter excluded had Δ14C values indicative of longer mean residence times, δ13C values indicative of loss of fresh plant-derived C, and decreases in all light fraction C pools, although incubation estimates of labile C did not change. In prairie soils, δ13C values suggest a loss of recent C4-derived soil C in litter removal plots along with significant increases in mean residence time, especially in plots with removal of roots. Our results suggest surface mineral soils may be vulnerable to significant C loss in association with disturbance, land use change, or perhaps even climate change over century–decadal timescales, and also highlight the need for longer-term experimental manipulations to study soil organic matter dynamics.
Polymerization and Solubility of Recombinant Hemoglobins α2β26VAL (HB S) and α2β26LEU (HB LEU)

In an effort to clarify the role of amino acid hydrophobicity at the beta 6 position in sickling we have made recombinant hemoglobin tetramers containing beta 6 Val (Hb S) and beta 6 Leu (Hb Leu). Recombinant Hb S and Hb Leu had the same electrophoretic mobility, chromatographic behavior, and absorption spectrum. The deoxy form of both tetramers polymerized in high phosphate buffer (1.8 M) and exhibited distinct delay times prior to polymerization. The kinetics of polymerization for recombinant and native Hb S were similar, while recombinant Hb Leu polymerized more readily. The solubility of deoxy Hb Leu was less than deoxy Hb S, indicating that rapid polymerization and decreased solubility of deoxyhemoglobin is accelerated with increasing hydrophobicity at the beta 6 position.
Antiviral activities of amniotic fluid.

AbstractBecause viral infection in pregnancy can be a threat to the developing fetus, the identification and quantification of any protective factors operating on behalf of the offspring may be important. We have, therefore, assayed human amniotic fluid for factors influencing viral growth and have found that such fluid does not contain substances with an interferon-like effect, but does contain dialyzable components which will inactivate fibroblast interferon. Furthermore, amniotic fluids tested did not contain virus neutralizing activity as determined using vesicular stomatitis virus, but did contain specific antibodies against herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus.
Between Prevention and Therapy: Gio Batta Gori and the National Cancer Institute’s Diet, Nutrition and Cancer Programme, 1974–1978

This paper explores the origins of the Diet, Nutrition and Cancer Programme (DNCP) of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and its fate under its first director, Gio Batta Gori. The DNCP is used to explore the emergence of federal support for research on diet, nutrition and cancer following the 1971 Cancer Act, the complex relations between cancer prevention and therapeutics in the NCI during the 1970s, the broader politics around diet, nutrition and cancer during that decade, and their relations to Senator George McGovern’s select committee on Nutrition and Human Needs. It also provides a window onto the debates and struggles over whether NCI research should be funded by contracts or grants, the nature of the patronage system within the federal cancer research agency, how a director, Gio Gori, lost patronage within that system and how a tightening of the budget for cancer research in the mid-to-late 1970s affected the DNCP.
Performance under forced ISI in underwater acoustic communication channels

Under water acoustic (UAC) channel is subjected to large delay spread compared to radio frequency (RF) channels. In order to capture this large delay spread and avoid ISI, the UAC symbol duration needs to be considerably large reducing the transmission data rate. Unlike other RF systems, in Ultra-wideband (UWB) RF systems, small pulse width in the order of nano seconds is used to transmit information. This in turn, gives high resolution multipaths. In a time hopping UWB system, to avoid multipath overlap, the chip duration and the frame duration are kept equal to or larger than the maximum delay spread of the channel. This results in large UWB symbol duration and hence reduces the data rate. In order to increase the data rate, the chip duration, and frame duration can be reduced to less than the maximum delay spread. In addition, to farther increase the data rate, guard interval between consecutive symbols can be reduced/removed allowing consecutive symbols to overlap. This results in intersymbol interference (ISI). Surprisingly, this type of overlap doesn't degrade UWB system performance significantly. In this paper, the same concept is applied to various UAC channels. In order to increase the data rate, consecutive UAC symbols are allowd to overlap. Performance under ISI is then evaluated.
Treating Major Depression in Primary Care Practice: An Update of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research Practice Guidelines

The Depression Guideline Panel of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research in 1993 published recommendations for treating major depression in primary care practice that were often based on studies of tertiary care psychiatric patients. We reviewed reports of randomized controlled trials in primary care settings published between 1992 and 1998. This evidence indicates that both antidepressant pharmacotherapy and time-limited depression-targeted psychotherapies are efficacious when transferred from psychiatric to primary care settings. In most cases, the choice between these treatments should depend on patient preference. Studies to date suggest that improving treatment of depression in primary care requires properly organized treatment programs, regular patient follow-up, monitoring of treatment adherence, and a prominent role for the mental health specialist as educator, consultant, and clinician for the more severely ill. Future research should focus on how guidelines are best implemented in routine practice, since conventional dissemination strategies have little impact.
Spatial Statistical Data Fusion for Remote Sensing Applications

Aerosols are tiny solid or liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere; examples of aerosols include windblown dust, sea salts, volcanic ash, smoke from wildfires, and pollution from factories. The global distribution of aerosols is a topic of great interest in climate studies since aerosols can either cool or warm the atmosphere depending on their location, type, and interaction with clouds. Aerosol concentrations are important input components of global climate models, and it is crucial to accurately estimate aerosol concentrations from remote sensing instruments so as to minimize errors “downstream” in climate models. Currently, space-based observations of aerosols are available from two remote sensing instruments on board NASA's Terra spacecraft: the Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR), and the MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). These two instruments have complementary coverage, spatial support, and retrieval characteristics, making it advantageous to combine information from b...
Love handles in aquatic ecosystems: The role of dissolved organic carbon drawdown, resuspended sediments, and terrigenous inputs in the carbon balance of Lake Michigan

During the unstratified (winter) and stratified (summer) periods of 1999 and 2000, we examined carbon (C) dynamics in the upper water column of southern Lake Michigan. We found that (a) bacterial respiration (BR) and planktonic respiration (PR) were major sinks for C, (b) C flux through bacteria (CFTB) was diminished in winter because of reduced bacterial production (BP) and increased bacterial growth efficiency (BGE) at colder temperatures, and (c) PR exceeded primary production (PP) during the spring‐summer transition. Drawdown of dissolved organic C (DOC), resuspended organic matter from the lake floor, and riverine organic matter likely provided organic C to compensate for this temporal deficit. DOC in the water column decreased between winter and summer (29 ‐91 mg C m 2 d 1 ) and accounted for 20%‐53% of CFTB and 11%‐33% of PR. Sediment resuspension events supported elevated winter heterotrophy in the years that they occurred with greatest intensities (1998 and 2000) and may be important to interannual variability in C dynamics. Further, riverine discharge, containing elevated DOC (5) and dissolved P (10) relative to lake water, peaked in the winter‐spring season in southern Lake Michigan. Collectively, terrigenous inputs (river, stream, and groundwater discharges; storm water runoff; and atmospheric precipitation) may support approximately 10%‐20% of annual in-lake heterotrophy as well as autotrophy. Terrestrial subsidies likely play a key role in the C balance of even very large lakes, representing a critical linkage between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
Hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign

A 30-year-old woman, previously well, presented to an outside hospital after being found lying on her bedroom floor, with a history of confusion, headache, deja vu and fever. She had been discharged the day before having had normal investigations for headache, including a CT and MR scans, both read as normal. Laboratory studies showed a urinary tract infection with leucocytosis, but she was afebrile. She was discharged home with medications to treat her urinary tract infection and headache. During a second presentation to the outside hospital, her cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed a pleocytosis and she was started on acyclovir, empirically to treat viral encephalitis. EEG showed right-sided sharp waves. Her neurological condition further deteriorated and she was intubated for airway protection and transferred to the Presbyterian Hospital. On examination, she was …
SUSY GUTs dark matter

We examine the cosmology of the lightest neutralino (χ) in a minimal SUSY GUT model. Our analysis incorporates the ensuing relations among the squark, slepton, and gaugino masses, and takes into account the recent experimental constraints on the parameter space. We consider a general neutralino state and compute its cosmological relic density resulting from pair annihilation into all allowed final states. Our analysis reveals a rich structure of resonances due to s-channel exchanges, and shows that some previous studies using pure neutralino states in “nearly” pure regions of parameter space give rather poor estimates for mχ < MW. We show that in the regions of parameter space favored by cosmology, the neutralino is a “nearly” pure bino state with mχ⪆ 100 GeV. The SUSY GUTs mass relations then imply m∼l ⪆ 200 GeV and mq,g ⪆ 600 GeV, all well within the reach of future hadron colliders.
A 92-MHz 13-bit IF digitizer using optimized SC integrators in 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS technology

A feedforward compensation scheme with no Miller capacitors is proposed to overcome the bandwidth limitations of traditional Miller compensation schemes. The technique has been used in the design of an operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) with a dc gain of 80 dB, gain bandwidth of 1.4 GHz, phase margin of 62/spl deg/, and 2 ns settling time for 2-pF load capacitor in a standard 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. The OTA's current consumption is 4.6 mA. The OTA is used in the design of a fourth-order switched-capacitor bandpass /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator with a clock frequency of 92 MHz. It achieves a peak signal-to-noise ratio of 80 and 54 dB for 270-kHz (GSM) and 3.84-MHz (CDMA) bandwidths, respectively and consumes 19 mA of current from a /spl plusmn/1.25-V supply.
Macroevolutionary Tests of Pollination Syndromes: A Reply to Fenster et al.

Studies of floral ecology and evolution are often centered on the idea that particular floral trait combinations, or syndromes, represent adaptations for particular pollinators. Despite the conceptual importance of pollination syndromes, few macroevolutionary studies have statistically examined the relationship between pollinators and floral traits. Using 15 species of Iochroma, Smith et al. applied phylogenetically structured correlation analyses to test the relationship between floral variation and pollination system, quantified in terms of the importance of major pollinator groups. This study revealed that pollinator shifts are tied to changes in nectar reward and floral display but are not significantly correlated with changes in corolla length or color, contrary to what might be predicted from classical pollination syndromes. Fenster et al. question these findings because our pollinator importance estimates included recently introduced honey bees. To address this concern, we recalculated importance values excluding honey bees and repeated the analyses. We found the same patterns as in our original study with significant correlations between pollinators and nectar reward and display. We conclude that phylogenetic approaches provide essential tools for testing macroevolutionary predictions of pollination syndromes and, by applying these approaches to other radiations, we can refine our understanding of the role of pollinators in floral diversification.
A Functional Framework for the Influence of Implicit and Explicit Motives on Autobiographical Memory

A functional framework explains the influence of implicit and explicit motives on autobiographical memory. Personality motives at different levels of awareness are differentially activated by the social context and, in turn, engage memory processes. Research shows that these motives influence both what and how autobiographical events are remembered. Specifically, implicit motives modulate encoding and recall of emotional experiences, vivid memories, and event-specific knowledge through nonconscious organizing strategies that facilitate affective end states. Explicit motives modulate encoding and recall of events linked to self-concept stability change, as well as routine experiences and general event scripts that represent typical self-attributed behaviors that facilitate the attainment of current goals. Research from narrative essays, self-report data, and controlled experiments demonstrates that implicit and explicit motives have a differential influence on each step of the memory process. An integrativ...