cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An almost practical step toward sustainability

It will be useful if I tell you in advance where the argument is leading. It is a commonplace thought that the national income and product accounts, as currently laid out, give a misleading picture of the value of a nation’s economic activity to the people concerned. The conventional totals, gross domestic product (GDP) or gross national product (GNP) or national income, are not so bad for studying fluctuations in employment or analyzing the demand for goods and services. When it comes to measuring the economy’s contribution to the well-being of the country’s inhabitants, however, the conventional measures are incomplete. The most obvious omission is the depreciation of fixed capital assets. If two economies produce the same real GDP but one of them does so wastefully by wearing out half of its stock of plant and equipment while the other does so thriftily and holds depreciation to 10 percent of its stock of capital, it is pretty obvious which one is doing a better job for its citizens. Of course the national income accounts have always recognized this point, and they construct net aggregates, like net national product (NNP), to give an appropriate answer. Depreciation of fixed capital may be badly measured, and the error affects net product, but the effort is made.
Steiner-optimal data replication in tree networks with storage costs

We consider the problem of placing copies of objects at multiple locations in a distributed system, whose interconnection network is a tree, in order to minimize the cost of servicing read and write requests to the objects. We assume that the tree nodes have limited storage and the number of copies permitted may be limited. The set of nodes that have a copy of the object, called replica nodes, constitute the replica set of the object. Read requests of a node are serviced from the closest replica node. Write requests of a node are propagated to all the replicas of the object using a minimum cost Steiner tree that includes the writer and all replica nodes. The total cost associated with a replica set equals the cost of servicing all the read and write requests, plus the storage cost at all the replica nodes. We are interested in finding a replica set with minimum total cost, i.e. a Steiner-optimal replica set. Given a tree with n nodes, we provide an O(n/sup 6/p/sup 2/)-time algorithm for finding a Steiner-optimal replica set of size p, taking into consideration the read, write, and storage costs. Our algorithm can also find a Steiner-optimal replica set for a tree with n nodes in time O(n/sup 8/). We also demonstrate that the policy used to propagate write requests to all the replica nodes in the network affects the cost and configuration of the optimal replica set for the object.
Simulation for the masses: spreadsheet-based Monte Carlo simulation

Spreadsheet-based Monte Carlo simulation has come into relatively widespread use as a methodology supporting studies in risk analysis for a broad range of problem types in areas such as operations management, finance, and marketing. The basic methodology is quite easily assimilated by those familiar with the fundamentals of probability, statistics, and sampling, and the practical applications of the methodology are compelling. Practitioners of discrete-event simulation can master spreadsheet-based simulation especially easily, and can expand their skill set importantly by doing so. This paper provides suggestive examples for the use of spreadsheet-based simulation and briefly explores the underlying methodology, mentioning the relevant native Excel tools and reviewing elements of one of the commercial Excel add-ins available to support use of the methodology. The presentation itself will include demonstration and discussion of the dynamics of spreadsheet-based Monte Carlo simulation.
A bioinformatics analysis of the cell line nomenclature

Motivation: Cell lines are used extensively in biomedical research, but the nomenclature describing cell lines has not been standardized. The problems are both linguistic and experimental. Many ambiguous cell line names appear in the published literature. Users of the same cell line may refer to it in different ways, and cell lines may mutate or become contaminated without the knowledge of the user. As a first step towards rationalizing this nomenclature, we created a cell line knowledgebase (CLKB) with a well-structured collection of names and descriptive data for cell lines cultured in vitro. The objectives of this work are: (i) to assist users in extracting useful information from biomedical text and (ii) to highlight the importance of standardizing cell line names in biomedical research. This CLKB contains a broad collection of cell line names compiled from ATCC, Hyper CLDB and MeSH. In addition to names, the knowledgebase specifies relationships between cell lines. We analyze the use of cell line names in biomedical text. Issues include ambiguous names, polymorphisms in the use of names and the fact that some cell line names are also common English words. Linguistic patterns associated with the occurrence of cell line names are analyzed. Applying these patterns to find additional cell line names in the literature identifies only a small number of additional names. Annotation of microarray gene expression studies is used as a test case. The CLKB facilitates data exploration and comparison of different cell lines in support of clinical and experimental research. Availability: The web ontology file for this cell line collection can be downloaded at http://www.stateslab.org/data/celllineOntology/cellline.zip. Contact: [email protected] Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
An Integrative Model of Evolutionary Covariance: A Symposium on Body Shape in Fishes

A major direction of current and future biological research is to understand how multiple, interacting functional systems coordinate in producing a body that works. This understanding is complicated by the fact that organisms need to work well in multiple environments, with both predictable and unpredictable environmental perturbations. Furthermore, organismal design reflects a history of past environments and not a plan for future environments. How complex, interacting functional systems evolve, then, is a truly grand challenge. In accepting the challenge, an integrative model of evolutionary covariance is developed. The model combines quantitative genetics, functional morphology/physiology, and functional ecology. The model is used to convene scientists ranging from geneticists, to physiologists, to ecologists, to engineers to facilitate the emergence of body shape in fishes as a model system for understanding how complex, interacting functional systems develop and evolve. Body shape of fish is a complex morphology that (1) results from many developmental paths and (2) functions in many different behaviors. Understanding the coordination and evolution of the many paths from genes to body shape, body shape to function, and function to a working fish body in a dynamic environment is now possible given new technologies from genetics to engineering and new theoretical models that integrate the different levels of biological organization (from genes to ecology).
Serum Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 and Cell Surface Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Evidence for a Reciprocal Regulation

Background—Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) modulates low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) degradation, thus influencing serum cholesterol levels. However, dysfunction...
Patient-Specific Versus Conventional Instrumentation for Total Knee Arthroplasty: Peri-Operative and Cost Differences

The role of patient-specific instrumentation in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is yet to be clearly defined. Current evidence evaluating peri-operative and cost differences against conventional TKA is unclear. We reviewed 356 TKAs between July 2008 and April 2013; 306 TKAs used patient-specific instrumentation while 50 had conventional instrumentation. The patient-specific instrumentation cohort averaged 20.4 min less surgical time (P < 0.01) and had a 42% decrease in operating room turnover time (P = 0.022). At our institution, the money saved through increased operating room efficiency offset the cost of the custom cutting blocks and pre-operative advanced imaging. Routine use of patient-specific TKA can be performed with less surgical time, no increase in peri-operative morbidity, and at no increased cost when compared to conventional TKA.
Association of residential dampness and mold with respiratory tract infections and bronchitis: a meta-analysis

Dampness and mold have been shown in qualitative reviews to be associated with a variety of adverse respiratory health effects, including respiratory tract infections. Several published meta-analyses have provided quantitative summaries for some of these associations, but not for respiratory infections. Demonstrating a causal relationship between dampness-related agents, which are preventable exposures, and respiratory tract infections would suggest important new public health strategies. We report the results of quantitative meta-analyses of published studies that examined the association of dampness or mold in homes with respiratory infections and bronchitis. For primary studies meeting eligibility criteria, we transformed reported odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) to the log scale. Both fixed and random effects models were applied to the log ORs and their variances. Most studies contained multiple estimated ORs. Models accounted for the correlation between multiple results within the studies analyzed. One set of analyses was performed with all eligible studies, and another set restricted to studies that controlled for age, gender, smoking, and socioeconomic status. Subgroups of studies were assessed to explore heterogeneity. Funnel plots were used to assess publication bias. The resulting summary estimates of ORs from random effects models based on all studies ranged from 1.38 to 1.50, with 95% CIs excluding the null in all cases. Use of different analysis models and restricting analyses based on control of multiple confounding variables changed findings only slightly. ORs (95% CIs) from random effects models using studies adjusting for major confounding variables were, for bronchitis, 1.45 (1.32-1.59); for respiratory infections, 1.44 (1.31-1.59); for respiratory infections excluding nonspecific upper respiratory infections, 1.50 (1.32-1.70), and for respiratory infections in children or infants, 1.48 (1.33-1.65). Little effect of publication bias was evident. Estimated attributable risk proportions ranged from 8% to 20%. Residential dampness and mold are associated with substantial and statistically significant increases in both respiratory infections and bronchitis. If these associations were confirmed as causal, effective control of dampness and mold in buildings would prevent a substantial proportion of respiratory infections.
The Design Problem in Planned Communities

Planned communities are a dominant form of development, both in suburban areas and as infill in urban settings. Planned communities can be clusters of homes with common open space or master-planned communities covering thousands of acres, but in any form they provide opportunities for excellent design. This is the first chapter in a book, Designing Planned Communities (2010), that reviews the concepts and ideas that go into the design of planned communities, and explores how local governments can encourage and provide for their good design through land-use regulation. The entire book can be downloaded by going to the author's profile on Washington University Law School's website.
The Choosing People: Interpreting the Puzzling Politics of American Jewry

The political liberalism of American Jews is puzzling because it contradicts the assumption that economic self-interest drives political behavior. Attempts to solve this puzzle with “Judaic” explanations compound the problem by offering theories that are static and universal while American Jewish political behavior is dynamic and situational. Using both historical and behavioral data, I argue that the solution to these puzzles is found in the overriding concern of American Jews with maintaining their equal citizenship in a society with a classic liberal regime of religion and state. This situational model also helps integrate work on Jewish political studies with theories and concepts commonly used by political scientists to explain mass political behavior.
Four-quadrant sensorless SRM drive with high accuracy at all speeds

This paper describes a sensorless, four-quadrant switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive with high position resolution and accuracy at all operating speeds. In order to achieve sensorless control, a modified amplitude modulation scheme is used. Using this method, very high position resolution and accuracy comparable to that of a 14-bit resolver has been achieved. Detailed simulation of the drive system has been carried out using Matlab-Simulink in order to understand the dynamics of the system. For validation purposes, comprehensive set of experiments were performed on a 500 W, 100 V, 3000 RPM, 6/4, three-phase drive system and results are presented. The desired operations of a typical 4-quadrant drive, viz., motoring and generating in the forward and reverse directions have been achieved experimentally and the results are included. A brief analysis on the resolution, accuracy, speed range and transient stability of the sensorless method, which are very essential for practical design of any drive system is also presented. Some of the practical constraints in implementing the modulation scheme like the effect of high frequency signal injection on the sensitivity, effect of mutual coupling on the performance of the sensorless scheme are also discussed.
RC circuit model for multi-walled carbon nanotubes

To alleviate the problems associated with current copper interconnect technology, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been proposed as a potential solution for on-chip communication in VLSI applications. In this paper, we develop an equivalent RC circuit model for MWCNT interconnect that captures both DC conductance and high frequency impedance due to capacitive effects. Based on the circuit model, we find that MWCNT-based interconnect can have substantially less delay than copper wires in global interconnect applications.
Evolution of page popularity under random web graph models

The link structure of the Web can be viewed as a massive graph. The preferential attachment model and its variants are well-known random graph models that help explain the evolution of the web graph. However, those models assign more links to older pages without reference to the quality of web pages, which does not capture the real-world evolution of the web graph and renders the models inappropriate for studying the popularity evolution of new pages.We extend the preferential attachment model with page quality, where the probability of a page getting new links depends not only on its current degree but also on its quality. We study the distribution of degrees among different quality values, and prove that under discrete quality distributions, the degree sequence still follows a power law distribution. Then we use the model to study the evolution of page popularity. We show that for pages with the same quality, the older pages are more popular; if a younger page is better than an older page, then eventually the younger-and-better page will become more popular. We also use the model to study a randomized ranking scheme proposed earlier [18] and show that it accelerates popularity evolution of new pages.
US national power and the post-war trading regime

This essay examines the effect of power asymmetries and imperfect markets on US trade policy, two issues often neglected in the conventional literature. We suggest that when the distribution of power is skewed and markets do not conform to the world of standard trade theory, open international markets will not exist unless the disproportionately most powerful state can make a credible commitment to free trade. We suggest that these two conditions characterized the post-World War II trade environment and partially explain why the United States encouraged the formation of the postwar international trade regime. To demonstrate this argument, we examine the voting rules, dispute settlement procedures, and regional trading arrangements that characterized the three postwar trade organizations: the stillborn International Trade Organization, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, and the World Trade Organization. We argue that the rules of these institutions empowered their member states to punish any US attempts to ‘cheat’. In so doing, it made free trade their welfare-maximizing strategy choice.
The Reduced Basis Method in Control Problems

The standard methods for determining solutions of partial differential equations are only loosely tied to the particular problem being solved. For example, in the context of finite element methods, one uses the same type of local basis functions, e.g., piecewise polynomials, for solving Poisson’s equation, the heat equation, the Navier-Stokes equations, etc. What if one were to use basis functions that still belong to one’s favorite finite element space and are global in nature, but which are intimately related to the solution of the particular partial differential equation of interest? This is the rationale behind the reduced basis method.
Aging, the metabolic syndrome, and ischemic stroke: redefining the approach for studying the blood-brain barrier in a complex neurological disease.

Abstract The blood–brain barrier (BBB) has many important functions in maintaining the brain's immune-privileged status. Endothelial cells, astrocytes, and pericytes have important roles in preserving vasculature integrity. As we age, cell senescence can contribute to BBB compromise. The compromised BBB allows an influx of inflammatory cytokines to enter the brain. These cytokines lead to neuronal and glial damage. Ultimately, the functional changes within the brain can cause age-related disease. One of the most prominent age-related diseases is ischemic stroke. Stroke is the largest cause of disability and is third largest cause of mortality in the United States. The biggest risk factors for stroke, besides age, are results of the metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome, if unchecked, quickly advances to outcomes that include diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. The contribution from these comorbidities to BBB compromise is great. Some of the common molecular pathways activated include: endoplasmic reticulum stress, reactive oxygen species formation, and glutamate excitotoxicity. In this chapter, we examine how age-related changes to cells within the central nervous system interact with comorbidities. We then look at how comorbidities lead to increased risk for stroke through BBB disruption. Finally, we discuss key molecular pathways of interest with a focus on therapeutic targets that warrant further investigation.
Affordability of the Health Expenditures of Insured Americans Before the Affordable Care Act

Central to the Affordable Care Act is the notion of affordability and the role of health insurance in making otherwise unaffordable health care affordable. We used data from the 1996 to 2008 versions of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to estimate the portion of overall health care expenditures by insured respondents that would otherwise have been beyond their disposable incomes and assets. We found that about one third of insured expenditures would have been unaffordable, with a much higher percentage among publicly insured individuals. This result suggests that one of the main functions of insurance is to cover expenses that insured individuals would not otherwise be able to afford.
Regression model fitting under differential privacy and model inversion attack

Differential privacy preserving regression models guarantee protection against attempts to infer whether a subject was included in the training set used to derive a model. It is not designed to protect attribute privacy of a target individual when model inversion attacks are launched. In model inversion attacks, an adversary uses the released model to make predictions of sensitive attributes (used as input to the model) of a target individual when some background information about the target individual is available. Previous research showed that existing differential privacy mechanisms cannot effectively prevent model inversion attacks while retaining model efficacy. In this paper, we develop a novel approach which leverages the functional mechanism to perturb coefficients of the polynomial representation of the objective function but effectively balances the privacy budget for sensitive and non-sensitive attributes in learning the differential privacy preserving regression model. Theoretical analysis and empirical evaluations demonstrate our approach can effectively prevent model inversion attacks and retain model utility.
Spontaneous Rupture of Adrenal Metastasis from Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Rupture of adrenal tumor from various primary origins is a rather rare event. We report here on a ruptured adrenal metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma, and this ruptured metastasis was observed at the time of the initial diagnosis.
Adult attachment orientations and anger expression in romantic relationships: A dyadic analysis.

The current study examined how the gender and adult attachment orientations of romantic relationship partners contribute to each participant's experience and expression of anger in their relationship. Specifically, we collected data from both members of a heterosexual relationship to examine how a person's adult attachment orientation influences their own, and their partner's, anger-related behavior. In addition, we examined whether one partner's responses to another's anger predicted the other's anger-related response tendencies. Furthermore, we explored the contribution of participants' sex to their own and their partners' anger-related behavior. Hypotheses were tested using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM), a data analytic strategy that takes into account the nonindependence of dyadic data. Results yielded partial support for theory-based predictions about the influence of adult attachment orientations on anger-related reactions and accommodation behavior. The implications of these findings for counseling practice and future research are discussed.
From Concentrated to Dilute Magnetic Semiconductor: Old Concepts and New Ideas

Magnetic semiconductors have enjoyed a renaissance with the discovery by Komarov et al. in 1977 of very large enhancements of magneto-optical properties in Mn doped CdTe. Although these magnetic semiconductors are dilute, that is to say they are solid solutions of II-VI or IV-VI semiconductors in which the cations have been replaced (randomly) by divalent transition metal or rare earth ions, their physical properties may be understood, in general, with concepts developed for the concentrated systems, for example the europium chalogenides. It is the purpose of this paper to review some of these ideas and point out new developments which have broadened our understanding, particularly as regards magnetic polarons, the highly correlated ferromagnetic region surrounding trapped carriers in an otherwise paramagnetic (P.M.) or antiferromagnetic (A.F.) semiconducting hosts.
Hansu's Journey by Philip Jaisohn: The First Fiction in English from Korean America

January 2001 marked the fiftieth anniversary of the death of Philip Jaisohn. In modern Korean history Jaisohn remains a national hero for his leadership in Korea's independence movement against the Japanese colonial regime during the first half of the twentieth century. He is widely known to be the first Korean to become a naturalized American citizen in June 1890. In April and May of 2001, to commemorate the anniversary, The Dong-A Daily News, a Korean daily newspaper headquartered in Philadelphia, published in daily installments a long obscured novella by Jaisohn, Hansu's Journey. According to the newspaper, the novella was first published as a series in 1921 in The Korea Review, a monthly magazine printed in Philadelphia by the Bureau of Information for the Republic of Korea. At some point later the series was published as a monograph by the author's own printing company, Philip Jaisohn and Company in Philadelphia. In 1978, urged by Muriel Jaisohn, Jaisohn's second daughter, Tong Suhr, an attorney- at-...
The Power of Understatement in Judicial Decisions

Israel's Jewish and democratic character has always posed a great challenge to those seeking to protect and advance secular life in Israel. During the founding period, the legislature enacted to require state authorities to register nationality and religion in the Population Registration database, grant only Jews and their relatives the right to immigrate to Israel and entrust the Orthodox establishment of the various religions with the exclusive jurisdiction to determine marriage and divorce matters. These enactments challenged secular Zionists to design creative ways to promote freedom of conscience and freedom from religion within the context of a Jewish and democratic state. The struggle over the meaning of status in the contexts of nationality, religion, and marriage is as old as the State itself. Ironically, Israel's systematic intermingling of church and state has led to its need to downplay the meaning of traditional symbols, such as status. The Court oftentimes declared that it was not recognizing the existence of new statuses while de facto the implications of its decisions time and again were recognition of the existence of new statuses in contexts of commonlaw marriage, civil marriage, nationality, and religion. In all these matters, the Court was creating secular statuses that could sidestep the monopoly of Jewish-Orthodox law. The power of these judicial decisions lies in the very fact that they understate their practical meaning. This in turn made the struggle by same-sex couples for official recognition of their status as a union less difficult. They could follow the path of previous social activists that sought recognition for personal statuses that did not align with Jewish Orthodox law. In this way, same-sex couples' struggle for recognition would be easier, but the movement might lose its unique character as a challenge to traditional concepts of marriage. It would risk becoming part of the wider phenomenon of secular challenges against the hegemony of Orthodox Jewish law over status in Israel. Thus, while same-sex couples fight in other parts of the world for recognition equivalent to that of a heterosexual marriage, in Israel they had a well-worn path to follow to achieve marital status equal to other non-Orthodox Jewish couples sharing a commonlaw marriage, married civilly abroad, or married at the consulate. While all these unions fall short of full official formal marriage in Israel, they do come very close to achieving all the benefits and duties resulting from a "real" marriage. Same-sex couples suffer comparable problems of discrimination and enjoy similar solutions as the general secular community that is incapable or unwilling to accept the hegemony of the Orthodox establishment. In that sense, the Israeli story regarding recognition of same-sex marriage is unique in comparative terms.
Equity analysis on food and drug inspection resources allocation in Guangxi

Objective :To analyze the equity of food and drug inspection resources allocation in Guangxi in order to provide a foundation to speed up food and drug inspection system construction. Methods :Correlative data in 2014 were collected from eight food and drug institutes and analyzed by using concentration curve and concentration index. The equity of resources distribution was analyzed according to population distribution and geographic area distribution. Results :According to the population distribution,the concentration index of laboratory personnel on duty,inspection equipment,laboratory area per capital and government financing per capital were 0.02,0.37,0.34 and 0.18,respectively. According to geographical area distribution,the concentration index on those were 0.24,0.29,0.22 and 0.37,respectively. Conclusion :According to population distribution,laboratory personnel on duty and government financing per capital were in an absolutely fair state,inspection equipment and laboratory area per capital were in a basic fair state. At the same time,according to geographical area distribution,laboratory personnel on duty,inspection equipment and laboratory area per capital were in a relatively fair state,and government financing per capital was in the basic fair condition. In summary,the total amount of the allocation of resources is not high and local distribution is uneven. It is suggested that resources be increased and allocated equally in the high level.
Recurrent, truncating SOX9 mutations are associated with SOX9 overexpression, KRAS mutation, and TP53 wild type status in colorectal carcinoma

// Breanna M. Javier 1,2 , Rona Yaeger 3 , Lu Wang 1 , Francisco Sanchez-Vega 2 , Ahmet Zehir 1 , Sumit Middha 1 , Justyna Sadowska 1 , Efsevia Vakiani 1 , Jinru Shia 1 , David Klimstra 1 , Marc Ladanyi 1,2 , Christine A. Iacobuzio-Donahue 1,2 and Jaclyn F. Hechtman 1 1 Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA 2 Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA 3 Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA Correspondence to: Jaclyn F. Hechtman, email: // Keywords : SOX9, colorectal carcinoma, KRAS, TP53, oncogene, Pathology Section Received : April 26, 2016 Accepted : May 22, 2016 Published : May 29, 2016 Abstract Purpose: The extent to which the developmental transcription factor SOX9 functions as an oncogene or tumor suppressor in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is debatable. We aimed to clarify the effect of SOX9 mutations on SOX9 protein expression and their association with known molecular subtypes and clinical characteristics in advanced CRC. Experimental Design: Next generation sequencing data (MSK-IMPACT) from CRC patients was used to interrogate SOX9 , KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, TP53, APC , and PIK3CA . Mutant and wild type (WT) SOX9 cases underwent immunohistochemical (IHC) staining to assess protein expression. SOX9 allele-specific copy number was assessed by Affymetrix Oncoscan array. Results: SOX9 was mutated in 38 of 353 (10.7%) CRC, of which 82% were frameshift or nonsense. Compared to SOX9 WT, SOX9 mutation was strongly associated with coexistent mutant KRAS ( p =0.0001) and WT TP53 ( p =0.0004). SOX9 was overexpressed in both SOX9 mutant and WT CRC. Among SOX9 mutants, the highest expression was noted for truncating exon 3 mutants (mean H scores 239±105 versus 147±119, p value=0.02). Further, SOX9 truncating mutants with loss of the WT allele demonstrated protein overexpression indicating the WT protein was not required for protein stabilization. Conclusions: SOX9 is overexpressed in CRC, including those with recurrent distal truncating mutations. The latter has structural similarity to the oncogenic isoform MiniSOX9, which is distally truncated due to aberrant splicing. This information suggests that truncated SOX9 has oncogenic features. SOX9 mutations are highly enriched in KRAS mutant and TP53 wild type CRC; and may provide a therapeutic target in approximately 11% of CRC.
Numerical investigation of the Arctic ice–ocean boundary layer and implications for air–sea gas fluxes

Abstract. In ice-covered regions it is challenging to determine constituent budgets – for heat and momentum, but also for biologically and climatically active gases like carbon dioxide and methane. The harsh environment and relative data scarcity make it difficult to characterize even the physical properties of the ocean surface. Here, we sought to evaluate if numerical model output helps us to better estimate the physical forcing that drives the air–sea gas exchange rate (k) in sea ice zones. We used the budget of radioactive 222Rn in the mixed layer to illustrate the effect that sea ice forcing has on gas budgets and air–sea gas exchange. Appropriate constraint of the 222Rn budget requires estimates of sea ice velocity, concentration, mixed-layer depth, and water velocities, as well as their evolution in time and space along the Lagrangian drift track of a mixed-layer water parcel. We used 36, 9 and 2 km horizontal resolution of regional Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm) configuration with fine vertical spacing to evaluate the capability of the model to reproduce these parameters. We then compared the model results to existing field data including satellite, moorings and ice-tethered profilers. We found that mode sea ice coverage agrees with satellite-derived observation 88 to 98 % of the time when averaged over the Beaufort Gyre, and model sea ice speeds have 82 % correlation with observations. The model demonstrated the capacity to capture the broad trends in the mixed layer, although with a significant bias. Model water velocities showed only 29 % correlation with point-wise in situ data. This correlation remained low in all three model resolution simulations and we argued that is largely due to the quality of the input atmospheric forcing. Overall, we found that even the coarse-resolution model can make a modest contribution to gas exchange parameterization, by resolving the time variation of parameters that drive the 222Rn budget, including rate of mixed-layer change and sea ice forcings.
Acceptability judgments and linguistic competence

Acceptability judgments are the primary source of data for linguistic theory, based on the assumption that they reliably reflect linguistic competence. However, this assumption has always been challenged by studies showing the influence of extralinguistic factors on the judgment process, leading to recent linguistic research employing better experimental methodology. This paper discusses the most significant finding of this research, the existence of gradient judgments, and how they have been accommodated within linguistic theories. The implications of the judgment-competence relation beyond theoretical linguistics (e.g., first and second language acquisition and psycholinguistics) are also discussed.
The JVMCSP Runtime and Code Generator for ProcessJ in Java

The modern day advancements in multi-core technologies require programmers to use the right tools and languages to fully harness their potentials. On that front, our endeavor lies in developing a new multiprocessing programming language. Concurrent or parallel programs can be hard to get right because of locks, monitors, mutexes, etc. One solution is using a CSP based process-oriented language. Process-oriented programming alleviates many of the problems found in thread and lock programming by proper encapsulation of data, explicit synchronous message passing, and the ability to verify code to be free of deadlocks and livelocks by using tools like FDR. Therefore, we have developed a new language called ProcessJ (CSP semantics and Java-like syntax) as a way to modernize languages like occam/occam-π which are outdated and only run on certain Linux distributions. ProcessJ is a multi-backend language with a compiler written in Java; and in this thesis, we focus on the JVM backend, which we call the JVMCSP; in particular, we consider code generation, the necessary runtime classes to support concurrency constructs on the JVM, and a simple cooperative non-preemptive scheduler. We also show how to translate ProcessJ source into Java source that makes use of the runtime classes that we have developed.
The research life cycle and the health sciences librarian: responding to change in scholarly communication.

The Internet and digital technologies have profoundly affected scholarly communication, publishing, collaborative research, literature searches, and management of digital assets and data [1, 2]. In turn, our views of the research life cycle have changed. What does this mean for librarians in the health sciences who support or even actively participate in clinical research?
Effects of Al3+ and La3+ Trivalent Metal Ions on Tomato Fruit Proteomes

The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) ripening process from mature green (MG) to turning and then to red stages is accompanied by the occurrences of physiological and biochemical reactions, which ultimately result in the formation of the flavor, color and texture of ripe fruits. The two trivalent metal ions Al3+ and La3+ are known to induce different levels of phytotoxicity in suppressing root growth. This paper aims to understand the impacts of these two metal ions on tomato fruit proteomes. Tomato ‘Micro-Tom’ plants were grown in a hydroponic culture system supplemented with 50 μM aluminum sulfate (Al2 (SO4)3.18H2O) for Al3+ or La2(SO4)3 for La3+. Quantitative proteomics analysis, using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation, were performed for fruits at MG, turning and red stages. Results show that in MG tomatoes, proteins involved in protein biosynthesis, photosynthesis and primary carbohydrate metabolisms were at a significantly lower level in Al-treated compared to La-treated plants. For the turning and red tomatoes, only a few proteins of significant differences between the two metal treatments were identified. Results from this study indicate that compared to La3+, Al3+ had a greater influence on the basic biological activities in green tomatoes, but such an impact became indistinguishable as tomatoes matured into the late ripening stages.
EVALUATION OF THE CARDIOSMART POPULATION HEALTH MANAGEMENT INITIATIVE: CHANGES IN HEALTH RISKS AND PARTICIPANT SATISFACTION

Background: Rapidly escalating healthcare costs have led to increasing attention on population health management (PHM). CardioSmart (CS) is a patient education and empowerment initiative of the American College of Cardiology that includes worksite wellness (CS@Work) and telehealth (CS OnCall) PHM
Water-like transport property anomalies in liquid silicates investigated at high T and P by computer simulation techniques

En utilisant un programme de simulation a l'ordinateur de dynamique des ions a plusieurs composants, nous avons etudie l'effet de la pression sur la structure du liquide et sur la dynamique de diffusion des solutions binaires Na2-SiO2, et de jadeite NaAlSi2O6. Cette etude a ete realisee principalement a 6 000 K, temperature a laquelle le processus de transport est suffisamment rapide pour que des resultats utiles puissent etre obtenus par des calculs non prohibitifs. Dans la jadeite liquide, l'augmentation de pression entraine une nette augmentation de la diffusivite D des ions aluminium, silicium et oxygene, ce qui est en accord avec la viscosite de ce liquide mesuree a haute pression et rappelle l'anomalie familiere de l'eau. Poursuivant ce parallelisme, on trouve un maximum pour D, impliquant un minimum pour la viscosite, mais seulement au voisinage de 300 kilobars. Pour les ions Na+ au contraire, le coefficient de pression est nettement negatif, ce qui confirme que, a basse pression, les equations de Stokes-Einstein et assimilees qui lient diffusivite et fluidite sont qualitativement non valables pour les ions hors du reseau. Dans les solutions silicatees binaires, on observe la disparition progressive de l'augmentation anormale de la diffusivite due a la pression, lorsque la teneur en oxyde de sodium augmente. Ici encore, les observations sont en accord avec les recentes etudes experimentales. A basse pression, la coordination du silicium et de l'aluminium est de quatre, mais celle-ci augmente systematiquement quand la pression augmente, et atteint une valeur moyenne de cinq pour le silicium au voisinage du maximum de diffusivite de l'oxygene.
Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM)

Super-resolution (SR) fluorescence microscopy, a class of optical microscopy techniques at a spatial resolution below the diffraction limit, has revolutionized the way we study biology, as recognized by the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2014. Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM), a widely used SR technique, is based on the principle of single molecule localization. STORM routinely achieves a spatial resolution of 20 to 30 nm, a ten-fold improvement compared to conventional optical microscopy. Among all SR techniques, STORM offers a high spatial resolution with simple optical instrumentation and standard organic fluorescent dyes, but it is also prone to image artifacts and degraded image resolution due to improper sample preparation or imaging conditions. It requires careful optimization of all three aspects—sample preparation, image acquisition, and image reconstruction—to ensure a high-quality STORM image, which will be extensively discussed in this unit. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM); stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM); super-resolution fluorescence microscopy
Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Decade of Hospitalizations and Financial Burden in the United States.

Abstract Background Despite a rise in the prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), data on HCC-related hospitalizations and financial burden are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate temporal trends of HCC-related hospitalizations and evaluate its financial influence. Materials and Methods Patients with the diagnosis of HCC, as reported by International Classification of Diseases-Ninth Revision code, were identified from the National Inpatient Sample databases from 2002-2011. The national estimates of hospitalizations were derived using appropriate sample weights. The change in total average charges per each hospitalization over the study period was calculated after adjusting for inflation. Results Hospitalizations related to HCC have increased from 24,024 in 2002 to 50,609 in 2011. Of these admissions, HCC was the principal diagnosis in 10,762 and 16,350 subjects in 2002 and 2011, respectively. Most were white males (male: 70%; white: 55%). The overall inpatient mortality was significantly decreased from 13.5% in 2002 to 9.9% in 2011 (P Conclusions Despite the decrease in mortality rate and length-of-stay, hospitalizations and financial burden associated with HCC continued to increase between 2002 and 2011 in the United States.
Psychiatric disease in an adolescent as a harbinger of cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (XALD) typically presents as a childhood cerebral demyelinating form, as an adult-onset adrenomyeloneuropathy or as adrenocortical insufficiency. Cerebral demyelination presenting in adolescence is unusual. We present an 17-year-old boy with adolescent-onset XALD initially manifesting with slowly progressive psychiatric symptoms. He was initially diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and an acute psychosis. However, he was ultimately diagnosed with XALD based on his clinical course, neuroimaging findings and biochemical abnormalities. This case reiterates the atypical presentations of adolescent-onset cerebral XALD that may go unrecognised and misdiagnosed as a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disease. Treatments for cerebral ALD are potentially life-saving, particularly when given early in the disease course.
On-Line Detection of Electrophoretic Separations on A Microchip by Raman Spectroscopy

Capillary electrophoresis has advantages of high efficiency, high-speed separations, instrumental simplicity and wide applicability. Separations of molecules ranging from herbicides to DNA have been described in the capillary format.1,2 Separations on a microchip have been the subject of intense research, particularly for electrophoretic separations. The microchip format allows development of complex channel geometries with opportunities for automated, compact multistep separations. Additionally, the microchip offers excellent heat dissipation that enables rapid separation by use of high electric fields.
Patterns of peritraumatic threat perceptions in patients evaluated for suspected acute coronary syndrome according to prior and current posttraumatic stress symptoms.

Abstract Objective Prior posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and elevated threat perceptions predict posttraumatic psychopathology after evaluation for acute coronary syndrome (ACS), but most research has measured threat retrospectively. We investigated how threat perceptions during ACS evaluation in the emergency department (ED) and upon recall were associated with posttraumatic psychopathology burden due to prior trauma and the suspected ACS. Methods Perceived threat was assessed in the ED, and ED threat recall was assessed upon inpatient transfer/discharge, along with acute stress disorder (ASD) symptoms due to suspected ACS and PTSD symptoms due to prior trauma. The sample comprised 894 participants (mean age = 60.7 ± 13.1 years; 46.8% female; 56.3% Hispanic; 20.5% Black). One-way ANOVAs examined how those with consistent posttraumatic psychopathology (prior PTSD/ASD; 14.8%), prior posttraumatic psychopathology (prior PTSD/no ASD; 6.8%), new-onset posttraumatic psychopathology (no PTSD/ASD; 15.7%), or no posttraumatic psychopathology (no PTSD/no ASD; 62.8%) differed in threat perception, threat recall, and their discrepancy. Results Threat perception scores ranged from 6 to 24. Participants with consistent posttraumatic psychopathology had higher threat perceptions (M = 14.01) than those with prior posttraumatic psychopathology (M = 12.02) and new-onset posttraumatic psychopathology (M = 12.21) (ps ≤ 0.001); the latter two did not differ significantly but had higher threat perceptions than those with no posttraumatic psychopathology (M = 9.84) (p Conclusions Assessing threat perceptions during ACS evaluation and hospitalization may help identify those at risk for emotional difficulties post-ACS.
Analytics Required by the Multiple Nature of Radiation Effects in Cells

The purpose of this communication is to repeat once more directly and simply a principle described, expanded, and discussed by me and colleagues in numerous publications over the past 25 years: the absorbance by the cell of energy from photons and high velocity particles results in a number of kinds of physicochemical effects that subsequently behave independently of each other. By “behave independently” I mean that one kind may respond to a change in an experimental variable that may affect another to a different degree, or leave that other entirely unaffected; while some other kind of change may not affect the former but may influence the latter markedly. That is, each of the kinds of events has its own peculiar set of properties that determines peculiar responses to changes in experimental variables. If the experimentalist hopes to understand the basic mechanisms of the responses of cells to radiation, he must recognize and describe completely the set of properties possessed by each kind of effect independently of the others; and then search for interactions among these after isolation and description of each. The “total response” of the cell (even when measured as a single end point such as cell death) is some kind of sum of the individual kinds of radiation-induced effects, and any theory or model that purports to represent cell response must be constructed to demonstrate that clearly and unambiguously.
Shielding Calculations for SSC

Monte Carlo calculations of hadron and muon shielding for SSC are reviewed with emphasis on their application to radiation safety and environmental protection. Models and algorithms for simulation of hadronic and electromagnetic showers, and for production and transport of muons in the TeV regime are briefly discussed. Capabilities and limitations of these calculations are described and illustrated with a few examples.