cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparative Inactivation of Hepatitis A Virus and Other Enteroviruses in Water by Iodine

Iodine is used as a disinfectant of small and field water supplies, but little is known about its ability to inactivate important waterborne viruses such as hepatitis A virus (HAV). In laboratory studies we determined the inactivation of purified, aggregated HAV, poliovirus type 1 and echovirus type 1 by 8 and 16 mg/l doses of iodine in both phosphate buffered, iodine demand-free (clean) water and the same water containing 10 mg/l of a 1:1 mixture of humic and fulvic acids and 5 NTU of bentonite clay turbidity (dirty water). Virus inactivation studies in clean water were done at pH 4.5, 7.0 and 9.5 and at 5 and 25 C, and in dirty water they were done at the same pH levels but at 5°C only. Iodine doses of 8 and 16 mg/l in clean water produced 99.99% or 4 log 10 inactivation of HAV by 60 minutes or less. Four log 10 inactivation of polio 1 and echo 1 was not achieved in 60 minutes by 8 mg/l iodine at 5°C ani pH 7.0 and 4.5 or by 16 mg/l iodine at 5°C and pH 4.5. HAV was inactivated more efficiently by iodine than were the other two test viruses, and the overall order of virus inactivation was: HAV > echo 1 > polio 1. Virus inactivation was generally more effective at higher pH, in cleaner water, at higher temperature and at higher iodine dose.
Following the (Clinical Decision) Rules: Opportunities for Improving Safety and Resource Utilization With the Bacterial Meningitis Score

BACKGROUND: The Bacterial Meningitis Score accurately classifies children with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis at very low risk (VLR) versus not very low risk (non-VLR) for bacterial meningitis. Most children with CSF pleocytosis detected during emergency department evaluation are hospitalized despite the high accuracy of this prediction rule and the decreasing incidence of bacterial meningitis. The lack of widespread use of this rule may contribute to unnecessary risk exposure and costs. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 1049 patients who, between January 2010 and May 2013, had suspicion for meningitis and underwent both a complete blood cell count and CSF studies during their emergency department evaluation. We then examined their hospitalizations to characterize exposure to drugs, radiologic studies, and the costs associated with their care to determine the safety and value repercussions of these VLR admissions. Primary outcomes include duration of antibiotics, exposure to drugs and radiology studies, safety events, and costs incurred during these VLR admissions. RESULTS: Twenty patients classified as VLR were admitted to the hospital. On average they received35 hours of antibiotic therapy. There was 1 adverse drug event and 1 safety event. CONCLUSIONS: The VLR patients admitted to the hospital were exposed to risk and costs despite their low risk stratification. Systematic application of the Bacterial Meningitis Score could prevent these exposures and costs.
Restructuring and Forgiveness in Financial Crises A: The Mexican Peso Crisis of 1994-1995

Following a year in which repeated political turmoil sapped investor confidence in Mexico, putting pressure on the peso and draining the country’s foreign exchange reserves, on December 22, 1994 the Mexican government sparked a financial crisis by unexpectedly abandoning its policy of anchoring the peso to the US dollar and instead allowing it to float freely. The resulting collapse of the peso left Mexico with $40 billion to $50 billion in external debt (much of it dollar-indexed) coming due in the near term and almost no foreign exchange reserves. Faced with the prospect that Mexico would either default on its obligations or impose exchange controls (with either scenario being seen by many as likely to result in contagion), officials from both the US and abroad scrambled to craft a response to what had been dubbed “the first financial crisis of the twenty-first century” because of its origins in an emerging market economy within globalized financial markets. On January 31, 1995, an assistance package comprised primarily of funds from the US and the IMF was announced. Backed by $20 billion from the US Treasury’s Exchange Stabilization Fund (ESF) and a $17.8 billion stand-by arrangement from the IMF, Mexico met its immediate obligations, restructured short-term debt into longer-term debt and implemented a strict economic reform plan. While the country experienced significant economic hardship in the immediate aftermath of the crisis, by 1996-1997 the economy had rebounded and by 2000 Mexico had paid back all outstanding obligations under the assistance package.
Effects of Fish Oil on Learning and Memory Ability in Children

Objective To observe the effects of fish oil on the learning and memory function among children.Methods Clinical Memory Scale(CMS)was applied to exam the learning and memory ability of students aged between 11 to 14 years.Results Fish oil significantly increased the scores of picture free recall test,portrait characteristic relationship recall test and the memory quotient(MQ).Conclusions The results indicated that fish oil could improve the learning and memory capability in children.
Optically Induced Molecular Reorientation In Wedged Nematics

We demonstrate by means of an optical technique that the optically induced reorientation of the molecules in a homeotropic nematic wedge takes place in the plane perpendicular to the refracting edg...
The Future of High-End ATE

The reality of TODAYs semiconductor manufacturing business is delivering the right solution to market, on time, and with minimum cost. Today’s silicon integration levels are enabling system on a chip to become a reality. The SOC market is characterized by the explosive internet market and communication market, the rate of change is extreme along with a critical pressure on cost. The net is that our customers deal with a huge amount of uncertainty as to what is going to be the next "high flyer", the volume driver, for manufacturing.
Chapter 1 – Structure and Development of the Skeleton

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the structure and development of the skeleton. The skeleton is a complex association of metabolically active cells attached to, embedded in, or surrounded by a mineralized matrix. The bone is a highly specialized form of connective tissue that acts as an internal support system in all higher vertebrates. It is a complex living tissue, in which the extracellular matrix is mineralized, conferring marked rigidity and strength to the skeleton while still maintaining some degree of elasticity. It is also a major source of inorganic ions that actively participates in calcium homeostasis in the body. Bone is composed of an organic matrix that is strengthened by deposits of calcium salts. Type I collagen constitutes approximately 95% of the organic matrix whereas the remaining 5% is composed of proteoglycans and numerous noncollagenous proteins. It is composed of four different cell types, which include osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, and bone lining cells. Osteoblasts, osteocytes, and bone-lining cells originate from local osteoprogenitor cells, whereas osteoclasts arise from the fusion of mononuclear precursors, which originate in the various hemopoietic tissues. An osteoblast is a typical protein-producing cell with a prominent Golgi apparatus and well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum. It secretes the type I collagen and the noncollagenous proteins of the bone matrix. Osteoclasts are large, multinucleated cells that resorb bone. When active, osteoclasts rest directly on the bone surface and have two plasma membrane specializations, a ruffled border and a clear zone.
Reproducibility in Chemical Research.

"… To what extent is reproducibility a significant issue in chemical research? How can problems involving irreproducibility be minimized? … Researchers should be aware of the dangers of unconscious investigator bias, all papers should provide adequate experimental detail, and Reviewers have a responsibility to carefully examine papers for adequacy of experimental detail and support for the conclusions …" Read more in the Editorial by Robert G. Bergman and Rick L. Danheiser.
Comparison of Measured and Numerically Simulated Turbulence Statistics in a Convective Boundary Layer Over Complex Terrain

The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model can be used to simulate atmospheric processes ranging from quasi-global to tens of m in scale. Here we employ large-eddy simulation (LES) using the WRF model, with the LES-domain nested within a mesoscale WRF model domain with grid spacing decreasing from 12.15 km (mesoscale) to 0.03 km (LES). We simulate real-world conditions in the convective planetary boundary layer over an area of complex terrain. The WRF-LES model results are evaluated against observations collected during the US Department of Energy-supported Columbia Basin Wind Energy Study. Comparison of the first- and second-order moments, turbulence spectrum, and probability density function of wind speed shows good agreement between the simulations and observations. One key result is to demonstrate that a systematic methodology needs to be applied to select the grid spacing and refinement ratio used between domains, to avoid having a grid resolution that falls in the grey zone and to minimize artefacts in the WRF-LES model solutions. Furthermore, the WRF-LES model variables show large variability in space and time caused by the complex topography in the LES domain. Analyses of WRF-LES model results show that the flow structures, such as roll vortices and convective cells, vary depending on both the location and time of day as well as the distance from the inflow boundaries.
Evaluation and Management of Hirsutism in Postmenopausal Women

A 66-year-old woman, who underwent natural menopause over 10 years ago, presented to her endocrinologist reporting progressive increase in facial and bodily hair growth most notable on the upper lip, chin, mid-chest, and inner thighs. She also acknowledged new-onset acne affecting her face and upper back as well as bothersome and progressive thinning of her scalp hair; these symptoms had become noticeable over the past 1 year. On questioning, she acknowledged noticing an increase in the size of her clitoris over the 1–2 years prior to this presentation; while she denied any change in her breast size, libido, or occurrence of vasomotor symptoms, some family members had commented on a change in her voice.
Student pharmacists' preparedness to evaluate primary literature pre- and post-Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences

Abstract Background and purpose The primary objective of this study was to assess the effect of formal primary literature evaluation (PLE) during advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs) on student pharmacists' preparedness and knowledge related to literature evaluation. Educational activity and setting A perception of preparedness survey and knowledge assessment was given to student pharmacists pre- and post-APPEs. Student pharmacists were also asked to characterize their opportunities for formal PLE during APPEs. Literature evaluation experiences, knowledge base and preparedness data were compared between student pharmacists who completed two or more PLE on APPE and those who did not. Findings A total of 211 student pharmacists completed 529 formal PLE during their APPE experiences. Quiz grades and average perception of preparedness increased significantly from pre- to post-APPE regardless of whether student pharmacists had the opportunity for formal PLE on APPE. Student pharmacists who completed two or more PLE on APPE stated they felt more confident in evaluating primary literature after APPE, had greater post-APPE preparedness scores and a trend towards higher post-APPE quiz scores. Discussion and conclusion APPEs provide an important opportunity for student pharmacists to improve their PLE knowledge.
Benefits and Potential Harms of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Self-Testing Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in China: An Implementation Perspective.

BackgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus self-testing (HIVST) holds great promise for reaching high-risk key populations who do not access facility-based services. We sought to characterize unsupervised HIVST implementation among men who have sex with men in China.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide onli
No relationship between brain size and risk of being shot in hunted birds: a comment on Møller & Erritzøe (2016).

In a provocative paper, Moller & Erritzoe (M&E) [[1][1]] claim that Danish birds with relatively larger brains have a lower risk of being shot by hunters. They point out that this result is consistent with studies showing that brain size is positively associated with behavioural fitness traits
INTERNET CANCER SUPPORT GROUPS : LEGAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES FOR NURSE RESEARCHERS

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To explore the legal and ethical issues surrounding the use of information obtained from Internet cancer support groups (ICSGs) in research. DATA SOURCES Published articles, news broadcasts, books, government reports. DATA SYNTHESIS ICSGs are a rich source of information for people with cancer, their families, caregivers, and nurse researchers. Because ICSGs are new in research, potential legal and ethical conflicts in this setting exist. CONCLUSIONS ICSGs are an early prototype of patient groups empowered to seek health through the use of information technology. Nurses are ideally suited to advance this new area of healthcare technology. Honoring the trust that patients have always placed in nurses is essential if this technology is to be developed further. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Given the dearth of guidelines to direct researchers, legal and ethical conflicts may occur. Nurse researchers should be cognizant of the potential legal and ethical implications involved in conducting research via the Internet.
Policy Approaches to Transparent Urban Development in Phoenix

This chapter presents a comprehensive list of policy recommendations aimed at translating sustainable development theory—including a notion of transparent urban development—into real-world outcomes in Phoenix’s contemporary regional political economy. Citing a systems-based approach to sustainability, where the interwoven components of a complex social-ecological system must be elaborated before solutions are presented, this chapter builds upon the political, economic, and historical picture painted in the first four chapters to propose detailed policies aimed at rectifying issues with the sustainability of local development. Proposed policy changes are organized by the jurisdictional scales at which policies operate, including the state and county scales crucial for land use and development policy in the State of Arizona. In particular, alterations to government systems regulating property value assessments, land taxation, municipal regulatory power, and other areas are proposed, as well as innovative ideas and practices for private development market offerings. Municipalities in Arizona and elsewhere in the United States are ultimately hamstrung by a lack of explicit home rule powers under federal law, and as growing political polarization has generated a new state-based movement to preempt municipal power over land use, the effectiveness of many proposed policy reforms for enacting transparent urban development may require a new political emphasis on local power.
How Ligands Illuminate GPCR Molecular Pharmacology.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which are modulated by a variety of endogenous and synthetic ligands, represent the largest family of druggable targets in the human genome. Recent structural and molecular studies have both transformed and expanded classical concepts of receptor pharmacology and have begun to illuminate the distinct mechanisms by which structurally, chemically, and functionally diverse ligands modulate GPCR function. These molecular insights into ligand engagement and action have enabled new computational methods and accelerated the discovery of novel ligands and tool compounds, especially for understudied and orphan GPCRs. These advances promise to streamline the development of GPCR-targeted medications.
1,25(OH) 2 -vitamin D 3 upregulates glucose uptake mediated by SIRT1/IRS1/GLUT4 signaling cascade in C2C12 myotubes.

This study examined the hypothesis that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) upregulates the insulin-independent signaling cascade of glucose metabolism. C2C12 myotubes were treated with high glucose (HG, 25 mM) and 1,25(OH)2D3 (0–50 nM). 1,25(OH)2D3 supplementation upregulated both insulin-independent (SIRT1) and insulin-dependent (p-IRS) signaling molecules, and stimulated the GLUT4 translocation, and glucose uptake in HG-treated myotubes. The effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on IRS1 phosphorylation, GLUT4 translocation, and glucose uptake was attenuated in SIRT1-knockdown myotubes. Treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3, coupled with insulin, enhanced GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake compared to treatment with either insulin or 1,25(OH)2D3 alone in HG-treated myotubes, which suggests that insulin-independent signaling molecules can contribute to the higher glucose metabolism observed in 1,25(OH)2D3 and insulin-treated cells. The data, therefore, suggest that 1,25(OH)2D3 increases glucose consumption by inducing SIRT1 activation, which in turn increases IRS1 phosphorylation and GLUT4 translocation in myotubes.
The Peace Process and Management of Maoist Arms and Armies

This chapter locates rehabilitation and reintegration of Maoist ex-combatants in the peace process in Nepal. First, it critically analyses the failed peace negotiations and the evolution of the peace agreement. In the light of the peace process, the chapter then unpacks contentions and confrontations surrounding the management of Maoists arms and armies. The chapter has an exclusive focus on the mechanisms, management, processes, key actors, and their needs and interests with respect to DDR and the peace process in Nepal.
User-Centric Ontology Population

Ontologies are a basic tool to formalize and share knowledge. However, very often the conceptualization of a specific domain depends on the particular user’s needs. We propose a methodology to perform user-centric ontology population that efficiently includes human-in-the-loop at each step. Given the existence of suitable target ontologies, our methodology supports the alignment of concepts in the user’s conceptualization with concepts of the target ontologies, using a novel hierarchical classification approach. Our methodology also helps the user to build, alter and grow their initial conceptualization, exploiting both the target ontologies and new facts extracted from unstructured data. We evaluate our approach on a real-world example in the healthcare domain, in which adverse phrases for drug reactions, as extracted from user blogs, are aligned with MedDRA concepts. The evaluation shows that our approach has high efficacy in assisting the user to both build the initial ontology (\({{\mathrm{{\textit{HITS}\,@10}}}}\) up to 99.5%) and to maintain it (\({{\mathrm{{\textit{HITS}\,@10}}}}\) up to 99.1%).
Environmental Effects of Fusion Power Plants. Part III: Potential Radiological Impact of Environmental Releases

The authors discuss releases of tritium and activation products from a reference fusion reactor under normal operating conditions evaluated for the radiation doses to local and global populations. Maximum annual total body dose commitment from all sources of effluents to an individual at the plant boundary is 0.5 mrems. The annual total body dose commitment from all effluents to the population of 1 million persons living within 80 km of the plant is 7 person-rems. These exposures are small fractions of the doses resulting from existing background radiation. Global doses due to tritium and /sup 14/C releases from the reference fusion reactor are small fractions of doses resulting from naturally occurring tritium and /sup 14/C.
Abstract 1994: Anemia and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) are powerful predictors for Presence and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

BACKGROUND: Patients (pts) with chronic kidney disease (CKD) carry a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Whether anemia confers a higher risk is less studied. OBJECTIVE: This study sought to ascertain whether CAD as determined by myocardial perfusion imaging is more common among pts with anemia (Hb: Hemoglobin 13 g/l) and CKD (GFR: glomerular filtration rate ≤ 60 ml/min/1.73 Kg/m2) METHOD: A total of 1580 pts ( mean age 65 + −10 y/o, 43% diabetics) with suspected CAD underwent clinical, ECG, laboratory evaluation and gated myocardial perfusion SPECT. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to their Hb and GFR. (1: No Anemia/No CKD n = 800, 2: CKD/No anemia n = 332, 3: Anemia/No CKD n = 195, 4: Anemia and CKD n = 253). RESULTS: Compared to group of pts with normal Hb and GFR, myocardial perfusion defect is more common in those with anemia and CKD. (Group 1: 48%, Group 2: 65%, Group 3: 59 %, Group 4: 72%, al P < 0.05) Patients with CKD and anemia also exhibited a more severe coronary heart disease (mean summed stress score: SSS 6.5 + − 4 vs. 4.5 + −7 P < 0.01) In addition, the prevalence of high-riskscan findings predictive of worse prognosis (SSS ≥ 8, transient ischemic dilation, or left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 40%) was also higher in pts with anemia and CKD than those with normal Hb and GFR (Group 1: 28 %, Group 2: 38%, Group 3: 38%, Group 4: 48 %, al P < 0.05) After adjusting for clinical and ECG information, anemia and CKD are associated with a higher risk of perfusion defect and high-risk scan. The association was stronger among those with combined anemia and CKD. (See table[⇓][1]) CONCLUSION: Both anemia and CKD are independent predictor of coronary heart disease. Pts with both anemia and CKD were almost twice more likely to have high risk CAD than those with normal Hb and renal function. ![Table][2] [1]: #T1 [2]: pending:yes
Flow microsphere immunoassay-based method of virus quantitation

A sensitive assay for adenovirus quantitation in vitro was developed using the flow microsphere immunoassay (FMIA) approach. Polystyrene microspheres were covalently coated with purified anti-adenoviral antibodies and incubated with virus-containing samples. After incubation, the samples were stained with DNA-specific fluorescent dyes, and microsphere-associated fluorescence was quantitated with a flow cytometer. The adsorption of virus to microspheres was examined under different experimental conditions. The flow cytometric assay was determined to be as accurate in detecting adenovirus as titering on 293 cells. The proposed method can be used to quantify virus in viral stocks and in biological samples.
Common disorders of pigmentation: when are more than cosmetic cover-ups required?

The many types of pigmentation disorders may present in diverse forms and distributions and have various causes. They can be inherited (eg, vitiligo, familial periorbital hyperpigmentation), acquired (eg, postinflammatory pityriasis alba, idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis, Becker's nevus, melasma), infectious (eg, tinea versicolor), benign and self-limiting (eg, isolated cafe au lait spots, photocontact dermatitis), or a sign of more serious underlying disease (eg, multiple cafe au lait spots, malignant acanthosis nigricans). Primary care physicians see many patients with skin complaints and can often accomplish the early recognition and appropriate treatment that is paramount to cost-effective medicine. In many cases, an important aspect of patient care is education toward realistic expectations, because even with referral and use of extensive treatment, cosmetic results may be disappointing. Assuring patients that the disorder is not dangerous and providing tips on sunscreen and cosmetic use may be the best approach in some cases.
Multiresponse Process Optimization via Constrained Confidence Regions

This paper presents a new methodology for analyzing multiresponse experiments. The methodology consists of computing confidence regions for the stationary points of quadratic responses and confiden...
MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATION OF MIXED ALKALI HALIDE GLASS

Isobaric-isothermal molecular dynamics calculations have been carried out to reveal the microscopic structure of the glass of the mixed alkali chloride system 50LiCl-40KCl-10CsCl. The glass state is achieved below the calculated glass transition temperature about 600 K, by cooling the liquid at the quenching rate of 5×10 13 Ks -1 . It is found that the tetrahedral short-range order, LiCl 4 , is well-defined and is predominant in number, in the structure of the 300 K glass. Two neighboring tetrahedra are mutually connected not only by sharing a vertex Cl ion but also by sharing an edge of the tetrahedra in another case. Moreover, even 45 % of the vertex Cl ions is shared by more than two LiCl 4 tetrahedra. Such structural feature has never been observed in the conventional inorganic glasses, and also indicates the novelity of this mixed alkali chloride glass.
Athena Unbound: The Advancement of Women in Science and Technology

Why are there so few women scientists? Persisting differences between women's and men's experiences in science make this question as relevant today as it ever was. This book sets out to answer this question, and to propose solutions for the future. Based on extensive research, it emphasizes that science is an intensely social activity. Despite the scientific ethos of universalism and inclusion, scientists and their institutions are not immune to the prejudices of society as a whole. By presenting women's experiences at all key career stages - from childhood to retirement - the authors reveal the hidden barriers, subtle exclusions and unwritten rules of the scientific workplace, and the effects, both professional and personal, that these have on the female scientist. This important book should be read by all scientists - both male and female - and sociologists, as well as women thinking of embarking on a scientific career.
On Precision of Code Clone Detection Tools

Precision and recall are the main metrics used to measure the correctness of clone detectors. These metrics require the existence of labeled datasets containing the ground truth – samples of clone and non-clone pairs. For source code clone detectors, in particular, there are some techniques, as well as a concrete framework, for automatically evaluating recall, down to different types of clones. However, evaluating precision is still challenging, because of the intensive and specialized manual effort required to accomplish the task. Moreover, when precision is reported, it is typically done over all types of clones, making it hard to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the corresponding clone detectors.This paper presents systematic experiments to evaluate precision of eight code clone detection tools. Three judges independently reviewed 12,800 clone pairs to compute the undifferentiated and type-based precision of these tools. Besides providing a useful baseline for future research in code clone detection, another contribution of our work is to unveil important considerations to take into account when doing precision measurements and reporting the results. Specifically, our work shows that the reported precision of these tools leads to significantly different conclusions and insights about the tools when different types of clones are taken into account. It also stresses, once again, the importance of reporting inter-rater agreement.
Soil Temperature and Copper Application Rate Affect Growth and Copper Deficiency of Aglaonema commutatum ‘Fransher’

Abstract Fransher aglaonema (Aglaonema commutatum Schott. ‘Fransher’) were used during the winter and spring in two duplicate 4 × 3 factorial randomized block design experiments with four continuou...
Growing Some Backbone? Network Governance and the Washtenabe Regional Homelessness Assistance Network

Public service leaders in communities across the United States (and even across other parts of the world) have a growing interest in the development and implementa-tion of collaborative community networks, usually including large numbers of organi-zations and agencies from each of the three sectors (business, nonprofit, and govern-ment), for the purpose of tackling specific, complex community issues or problems that they have found are not possible for any one, two, or even a few organizations to address or resolve successfully. The kinds of problems these networks emerge to ad-dress tend to be perceived as “wicked problems”—problems that are very resistant to resolution because they are complex and multifaceted, involving multiple institutions, organizations, actors, and decision makers, typically from different sectors and profes-sions, each bringing to the problem a set of heuristics and perspectives that reflect a myriad of competing and conflicting values, interests, knowledge bases, and expertise (Churchman, 1967; Weber & Khademian, 2008)...Purchase this special issue to continue reading
JOHN YA-OTTO’S BATTLEFRONT NAMIBIA: A NAMIBIAN POLITICAL AUTOBIOGRAPHY

During the 1960’s as conflict between Namibian rebels and South African forces increased and the South West African People’s Organisation (SWAPO) was founded, a kind of political-autobiographical literature appeared in Namibia. According to the writer and revolutionary Frantz Fanon, “this may be properly called a literature of combat, in the sense that calls on the whole people to fight for their existence as a nation” (155). Key words: SWAPO, Namibia, Autobiography, John Ya-Otto
P119 Knowledge of and Preferences for Meal Kits Among Low-Income Food Preparers

Background Low-income families may face barriers accessing healthy food, which may negatively affect diet quality and food security. Meal kits have recently become popular and may help families overcome barriers to healthy eating. Meal kits provide consumers with recipes and ingredients required to create healthy meals. This is the first study to evaluate the knowledge of and preferences for meal kits among low-income individuals. Objective To determine knowledge of meal kit services and preferences for ingredients, recipes, preparation time, delivery method, and acceptable cost of meal kits among low-income Hispanic and African American (AA) food preparers to inform the development of culturally-tailored meal kits. Study Design, Settings, Participants Focus groups were conducted with Hispanic (N = 15) and AA (N = 16) food preparers from low-income neighborhoods in Hollywood and Gainesville, Florida. Forty-two percent of participants participated in federal food assistance programs. Trained focus group moderators used a semi-structured script to ask questions related to meal kit preferences. Focus groups were conducted in English (n = 3) and Spanish (n = 3). Measurable Outcome/Analysis Audio recorded focus groups were transcribed verbatim and content analyzed to identify themes. Results No participants had ever tried a meal kit and many were unfamiliar with the concept. Most Hispanic and AA participants were willing to try meal kits but cited cost as a barrier to using them. Responses varied among Hispanic and AA participants regarding maximum preparation time, desirability of fresh versus canned/frozen foods, format for receiving recipe instructions, acceptability of picking up meal kits from a central location, and preference of recipes to be included in meal kits. Participants stated a willingness to pay $20-$120 per week for a meal kit, but all participants struggled to estimate an acceptable price. Conclusion Meal kits may be a novel approach to improve access to healthy foods and improve diet quality of low-income families if the service is affordable and culturally tailored. Funding UF/IFAS Office of Research.
Revealing the Photophysical Mechanism of N,N′-Diphenyl-aniline Based Sensitizers with the D–D−π–A Framework: Theoretical Insights

The D–D−π–A framework based dyes are competent for lowering the aggregation and reducing the charge recombination inherently due to their 3D structures. Seven D–D−π–A-based N,N′-diphenyl-aniline (N...
Categorical Imperative and Human Nature

How do Kant’s pure metaphysics and his empirical anthropology fit together? Are they two separate, isolated enterprises, or do they come together at some point? Sensen examines how Kant conceives of the relation between an a priori formal principle (the Categorical Imperative), on the one hand, and empirical knowledge of human nature (anthropology), on the other. He argues that there is one general law that is the source both of moral and legal obligation. Kant separates an a priori metaphysics from anthropology in order to find out how there can be such a thing as obligation. But when his aim is to generate any concrete obligation and duty, both domains require empirical knowledge of human nature in order to derive specific content of obligations. They do so in slightly different forms, however. But both are needed, form and matter, in order to generate any concrete moral knowledge.
KINETICS AND MECHANISMS OF THE ACID-BASE REACTION BETWEEN NH3 AND HCOOH IN INTERSTELLAR ICE ANALOGS

Interstellar complex organic molecules are commonly observed during star formation, and are proposed to form through radical chemistry in icy grain mantles. Reactions between ions and neutral molecules in ices may provide an alternative cold channel to complexity, as ion-neutral reactions are thought to have low or even no-energy barriers. Here we present a study of the kinetics and mechanisms of a potential ion-generating, acid-base reaction between NH3 and HCOOH to form the salt NHHCOO−. We observe salt growth at temperatures as low as 15 K, indicating that this reaction is feasible in cold environments. The kinetics of salt growth are best fit by a two-step model involving a slow "pre-reaction" step followed by a fast reaction step. The reaction energy barrier is determined to be 70 ± 30 K with a pre-exponential factor 1.4 ± 0.4 × 10−3 s−1. The pre-reaction rate varies under different experimental conditions and likely represents a combination of diffusion and orientation of reactant molecules. For a diffusion-limited case, the pre-reaction barrier is 770 ± 110 K with a pre-exponential factor of ~7.6 × 10−3 s−1. Acid-base chemistry of common ice constituents is thus a potential cold pathway to generating ions in interstellar ices.
Controversies in NTOS: Transaxillary or Supraclavicular First Rib Resection in NTOS? Arguments Pro and Con the Transaxillary Approach in Favor of Transaxillary First Rib Resection

Transaxillary first rib resection (TAFRR) is an effective operation with a high degree of success in alleviating symptoms of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (NTOS). Thoracic outlet decompression via transaxillary approach results in significant or complete relief of symptoms in 90–95% of patients. The TAFRR operation is safe with a very low rate of complications.
Efficiency Improvements of Nonoperating Room Cardiac Anesthesia Services

Objective Scheduling and staffing nonoperating room anesthesia (NORA) cases often require cross-service coordination and can result in significant delays in patient care, resource inefficiencies, and provider dissatisfaction. The objective of the present study was to reduce these delays and case cancellations for patients requiring cardiac anesthesia for their transesophageal echocardiography procedure. Design Preintervention and postintervention analysis of prospectively collected observational data. Setting Single institution, quaternary care hospital. Participants Patients requiring cardiac anesthesia for transesophageal echocardiography. Interventions The study included the following three interventions: outpatient transesophageal echocardiography order screening, identifying the daily NORA cardiac anesthesia attending, and centralizing the scheduling process among all cardiac NORA locations. Measurements and Main Results Before the interventions, the average delay time for echocardiography laboratory cases was 34.9 minutes (n = 38, standard deviation 30.6). In the two months after the aforementioned interventions were performed, the average delay time was 20.2 minutes (n = 50, standard deviation 10.0), representing a decrease in the wait time of 42%. In the preintervention period, two cases had delays of 60 minutes or more; in the postintervention group, there were zero cases with delays of 60 minutes or more. During the postintervention period, zero cases were rescheduled or cancelled because of lack of availability or scheduling conflicts by the cardiac anesthesia team as opposed to three cases that were rescheduled or cancelled in the preintervention period. Conclusion In the two months after implementing changes to the scheduling process for NORA cases in the echocardiography laboratory, a substantial reduction in average case delay, elimination of long delays lasting more than one hour, and avoidance of case cancellations were observed.
Integrated digital twin and blockchain framework to support accountable information sharing in construction projects

Abstract Efficient collaboration among various stakeholders is important for the successful completion of a construction project. However, stakeholders in construction are fragmented, which in turn hinders accountable information sharing. To address this issue, the authors aim to develop and test an integrated digital twin and blockchain framework for traceable data communication. The digital twin updates building information modeling in near real-time using internet of things sensors, while the blockchain authenticates and adds confidence to all data transactions to the digital twin. The authors tested the framework with a case project where virtual positioning data from a prefabricated brick is transmitted to digital twin in near real-time, recorded on the blockchain with time stamps. The results show that the integrated digital twin and blockchain framework makes all data transactions traceable. This paper's primary contribution is the development of a framework that realizes accountable project-related information sharing across stakeholders.
Market Fragmentation and Post-Earnings Announcements Drift

This study examines the effects of dark and lit market fragmentation around both earnings announcements and earnings surprises. I find that both dark and lit market fragmentation increase around earnings announcements. I further test whether dark and lit fragmentation hinders the level of price discovery around the earnings announcement, resulting in greater post-earnings announcement drift, PEAD. My analysis reveals that lit fragmentation has no significant impact on PEAD while dark fragmentation reduces the level of PEAD for stocks with positive earnings surprises consistent with the notion that dark venues capture more uninformed trading around positive news events, resulting in greater informed trading and higher informational efficiency on the lit venue. However, my results also indicate that dark fragmentation leads to stronger PEAD for stocks with negative earnings surprises. This last finding suggests that informed traders migrate to dark venues around negative earnings surprise, consistent with previous literature that argues informed traders follow passive trading strategies around negative news events.
The SRU Law, twenty years later: evaluating the legacy of France’s most important social housing program

Twenty years ago, in December 2000, the SRU Law (Loi Solidarite et Renouvellement Urbain) was passed in France, requiring selected municipalities to devote 25% of their local stock to social housin...
Magnetic induction heating of planetary satellites: Analytical formulae and applications

Abstract Calculations of the magnetic induction heating of planetary satellites to date have been done using approximate or numerical models. Here we present analytical formulae that may be used for either conducting metallic cores (spheres) or conducting water oceans or rock mantles (spherical shells). The formula for the magnetic induction heating of conducting spheres has been in the classic electromagnetic literature for nearly a century, but appears to have been overlooked by astrophysicists. Analogous formulae for conducting spherical shells are derived in this paper. We apply these formulae to calculate induction heating by alternating magnetic fields as seen in the frame of an orbiting satellite. These alternating fields may arise from inclined or horizontally displaced planetary magnetic dipoles, as well as eccentric or inclined satellite orbits. We derive analytical formulae for these, making it easy to investigate quickly the importance of magnetic induction heating for many different system configurations. Magnetic induction heating of planetary satellites in our current Solar System appears unimportant for each of these effects, but may have been greater in the past, in exoplanetary systems, or for other celestial binaries.
345 Phase I/II trial of cabozantinib plus durvalumab in advanced gastroesophageal cancer and other gastrointestinal malignancies (CAMILLA): phase Ib safety and efficacy results

Background Cabozantinib is a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor primarily targeting VEGFR, MET, and AXL. These targets promote a tumor immune permissive microenvironment. Cabozantinib has demonstrated immunomodulatory properties & clinical synergy when paired with PD-L1 inhibitors such as durvalumab. Here, we present final results of phase Ib of the Camilla trial assessing cabozantinib plus durvalumab in advanced GE adenocarcinoma (GEA), colorectal cancer (CRC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This is an investigator-initiated trial funded by Exelixis & Astrazeneca. Methods Patients were administered cabozantinib + durvalumab in a dose escalation (3+3) then expansion to find the Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLTs), Recommended Phase 2 Dose (RP2D), ORR, PFS, and OS. Subgroup analysis was conducted to assess efficacy in patients with PD-L1 Combined Positive Score (CPS) ≥ 5. Dosing of cabozantinib was 20mg QD, 40mg QD, and 60mg QD PO in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd cohorts. Dosing of durvalumab was 1500mg IV Q4W in all cohorts. DLT window was 28 days. Treatment beyond progression was allowed following modified RECIST v1.1 criteria. Results 35 patients (14F, 21M), median age 53 years (range 27–79) were enrolled. 10 patients had GEA, 20 had CRC, and 5 had HCC; none had MMR deficiency. Median number of prior systemic therapies was 3 (range 0–3). No DLTs were observed during dose escalation. Per mature tolerability data, 11/14 patients receiving cabozantinib 60mg required dose-reduction post cycle 2 to 40mg. RP2D was determined to be cabozantinib 40mg QD plus durvalumab 1500mg Q4W. Of the 247 observed Treatment-Related Adverse Events (TRAEs), 10% (24) were grade≥3. Most common TRAEs were grade 1–2 fatigue (57%), nausea (43%), anorexia (40%), diarrhea (37%), transaminitis (34%), hand-foot syndrome (23%), & weight loss (23%). 2 patients each developed grade≥3 fatigue, weight loss, & abdominal pain. Overall, 30 pts were evaluable for efficacy. ORR 26.7%; DCR 83.3%; median PFS 4.5 months; 6-month PFS 36.7%; and median OS 9.1 months. 12 patients had PD-L1 CPS ≥5. In this subgroup, ORR 33.33%; DCR 91.67%; median PFS 6.13 months; 6-month PFS 50%; and median OS was not reached. Conclusions Cabozantinib plus durvalumab demonstrated promising efficacy and was fairly tolerated without new safety signals. High PD-L1 expression defined as CPS ≥ 5 was associated with improved efficacy & survival. The phase II multi-cohort part of the trial is currently ongoing. Trial Registration NCT03539822 Ethics Approval The study was approved by the participating site’s local IRB. Consent All study participants granted a written informed consent prior to treatment initiation.
Factors affecting therapeutic concentration of topical aminocaproic acid in traumatic hyphema.

Epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) decreases rebleeding in traumatic hyphema through antifibrinolytic activity. Therapeutic levels were achieved in aqueous humor of rabbits after topical application. Aqueous humor EACA levels were significantly higher after pretreatment with 0.5% proparacaine. Use of EACA (60%) in a carboxypolymethylene (CPM) vehicle (0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) was examined. Aqueous humors levels at 4 hours ranged from 6.18-20.42 Mg/ml. The 2% and 3% formulas achieved the highest concentrations in aqueous. Use of EACA (15%, 30%, 40%, and 60%) in 4% CPM was also studied. At 2 and 4 hours after treatment, the 30% EACA solution most effectively achieved therapeutic levels. Velcro closure devices were attached to the rabbit's eyelids, and 200 MI of 30% EACA in 2% CPM was administered. After 3 hours the patched eyes had a mean aqueous EACA level of 60.09 Mg/ml compared with 8.97 Mg/ml in unpatched eyes. When dose size was studied in patched eyes, 200-jil doses achieved aqueous levels of 60.09 Mg/ml, and 100-jtl doses resulted in levels of 10.40 Mg/ml. Since epithelial toxicity was observed in eyes that had been patched, the optimum topical regimen appeared to be 200 fi\ of 30% EACA in 2% CPM every 6 hours in unpatched eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 31:2389-2394, 1990 Traumatic hyphema is a problem commonly encountered in ophthalmology with potentially sightthreatening complications. Secondary hemorrhage occurs in 18-38% of untreated patients 2-5 days after the original injury. 1 " 9 Secondary hemorrhage is usually more severe than the initial hemorrhage and carries a significantly worse prognosis. The incidence of glaucoma, corneal blood staining, and optic atrophy are all higher after secondary hemorrhage. 1 - 9 " 12
Answering Justice Scalia's Question: Dual Sovereignty and the Sixth Amendment Right to Counsel After Texas v. Cobb and Montejo v. Louisiana

Since the U.S. Supreme Court decided Texas v. Cobb in 2001, eight courts of appeals have reached divergent conclusions as to the scope and extent of a criminal defendant’s Sixth Amendment right to counsel when he is being prosecuted by multiple sovereigns, including, most recently, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit in 2008. Invariably, each circuit court purports to draw conclusive support for its holding from the plain language of Cobb. The conflict among the circuits reveals a tension between the courts’ desire to balance fundamental individual and legitimate state interests, achieve uniformity and consistency in the area of constitutional criminal procedure, and give preclusive effect to a recent holding of the Supreme Court that appears, at least superficially, to control the outcome of the case. Adding a new wrinkle of yet unknown consequence to the debate is the Supreme Court’s very recent holding in Montejo v. Louisiana, which overruled Michigan v. Jackson and a significant portion of the Sixth Amendment exclusionary rule.
Ultrafast wavelength and polarization insensitive all-optical clock recovery

Wavelength and polarization insensitive all-optical clock recovery based on a two-section gain-coupled DFB laser and cross gain conversion has been demonstrated. The lockup time of clock recovery is less than 1 ns.
Characterization of IgE-Induced Systemic Anaphylaxis in the Rabbit. Lack of Correlation between the Intravascular Release of Histamine and Anaphylactic Sensitivity

The administration of viable adult peritoneal exudate cells together with soluble bovine serum albumin (BSA) to newborn rabbits facilitated the subsequent development of anaphylactic sensitivity to BSA. In contrast, the administration of killed peritoneal exudate cells to littermates of the above rabbits did not result in the development of anaphylactic sensitivity. Both groups of rabbits had statistically similar incidences of detectable anti-BSA IgE antibody immediately before anaphylactic challenge on day 91, and no other class of anti-BSA antibody was detectable. Anaphylactic positive and negative rabbits were compared for differences in IgE-induced intravascular changes that occurred after anaphylactic challenge. Although substantial decreases in total blood histamine, basophils, and platelets were observed 1 hr after anaphylactic challenge, no statistical differences between the two groups were noted. These data indicate that the phenotypic expression of IgE-induced anaphylactic sensitivity in the rabbit is dependent upon factors in addition to those controlling the circulating levels of free and basophil-bound IgE antibody.