cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integrating the Case Method and Design Projects in the Industry-Sponsored Academic Education

This is a companion paper to IMECE 2013 - 63278. The paper describes a course in which practical designing of industrial products and processes is supported by the analysis of operations management cases taken from actual manufacturing companies. Through the case method, students assume the role of decision-makers who have to use their engineering and business knowledge to deal with real-life problems. Such an approach helps to support and complement the students’ senior design experience and cover those subjects left out from their sponsored design projects. The cases emphasize operations management concepts; economic analysis of manufacturing processes; process analysis, design, and improvement; integration of experimental analysis and research methodologies in diverse manufacturing industries; as well as the interaction between manufacturing technologies and the competitive strategy of the firm. This way, students not only practice solving manufacturing problems, but also develop a framework for dealing with practical situations they are likely to face in their career development. We provide teaching recommendations and practical examples of the case method in this context.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Corticotropin-releasing factor directly mediates colonic responses to stress

A new stress model in rats produced changes in intestinal function that resemble patterns of intestinal dysfunction associated with stress in humans: small intestinal transit was inhibited, large i...
Public Opinion and Foreign Policy: Challenges to the Almond-Lippmann Consensus

This article surveys and assesses theories and research on public opinion and foreign policy. Most of the evidence is drawn from the literature on the United States. Three twentieth-century wars have had a significant impact on theory and scholarship. World War I-the first public relations war-and postwar efforts to create a new international order directed much attention to the nature of public opinion and its impact on foreign affairs, issues on which realists and liberals came to quite different conclusions. The period surrounding World War II coincided with the development of scientific polling. Much of the attention during and immediately after the war focused on the extent to which the public might support or oppose an internationalist American role. Extensive research during the first two decades after World War II yielded a broad agreement (the "Almond-Lippmann consensus") on three propositions about public opinion: (1) it is volatile and thus provides inadequate foundations for stable and effective foreign policies, (2) it lacks coherence or structure, but (3) in the final analysis, it has little if any impact on foreign policy. The Vietnam War and its aftermath stimulated a new
Reactivity Trends in Furan and Alkyl Furan Combustion

A systematic study of the ignition behavior of furan and the substituted furans 2-methyl furan (2-MF) and 2,5-dimethyl furan (DMF) is presented. Ignition delay times are measured over a temperature range from 977 to 1570 K and pressures up to 12 atm for lean, stoichiometric, and rich mixtures of fuel, oxygen, and argon. It is found that when the equivalence ratio ϕ, the argon-to-oxygen ratio D, and pressure p are kept constant over a range of temperatures T, DMF generally has the longest, while 2-MF has the shortest, ignition delay times, and furan shows intermediate reactivity. Ignition delay times decrease with increasing equivalence ratios, except for DMF, which does not show a conclusive trend over the temperature range investigated. The experimental data are also found to agree with published ignition data, showing differences in some cases partly related to disparities in endwall and sidewall ignition measurements. The ignition delay times of 2-MF and DMF are compared to predictions using furan chem...
Line Surge Arrester Improving Lightning Protection Performance of Transmission Lines with Multi-circuits in a Tower

Installing line surge arresters is the most effective method for lightning protection of transmission line.Aiming at analyzing the optimum installation location and installation quantity of the arresters using in multi-circuits towers,we have analyzed the mechanism that line sure arresters improves the lightning protection performance of transmission line with line arresters installed on one or two phases.When a lightning strikes a tower top,part of lightning current will disperse to the phase conductor with line arrester installed on this phase,and the potential of tower top will be decreased,in the meantime,the potential of the phase conductor with line arrester increases,and high voltage is induced on other phase without line arrester,these two aspects lead to decrease in the voltage on other insulator,so the lightning withstand level is increased.Moreover,when line surge arrester is applied on transmission line with multi-circuits in a tower,the lightning protection effect of line surge arrester is determined by its installation location.If only one-phase line arresters are installed on 220 kV double-circuit transmission line,they should be installed on two bottom-phases;if two line surge arresters are installed on two phases on every circuit,they should be mounted on two middle and two bottom phases.For four-circuit transmission line,the line arresters are suggested on the top phase of right upper circuit and two bottom circuits.
Transitional care of older adults in skilled nursing facilities: A systematic review.

Transitional care may be an effective strategy for preparing older adults for transitions from skilled nursing facilities (SNF) to home. In this systematic review, studies of patients discharged from SNFs to home were reviewed. Study findings were assessed (1) to identify whether transitional care interventions, as compared to usual care, improved clinical outcomes such as mortality, readmission rates, quality of life or functional status; and (2) to describe intervention characteristics, resources needed for implementation, and methodologic challenges. Of 1082 unique studies identified in a systematic search, the full texts of six studies meeting criteria for inclusion were reviewed. Although the risk for bias was high across studies, the findings suggest that there is promising but limited evidence that transitional care improves clinical outcomes for SNF patients. Evidence in the review identifies needs for further study, such as the need for randomized studies of transitional care in SNFs, and methodological challenges to studying transitional care for SNF patients.
Ethics of Educational Technology

While ethics has been an under-researched area in educational technology, it is receiving current recognition as a critical focus for inquiry and development. In this chapter, we review the contribution of ethics as part of the history of professionalization of the field, the development of a code of ethics for the profession, and contemporary ethics issues like cultural competence, intellectual property, accessibility and universal design, critical theory in educational technology, system ethics, and social responsibility of professionals. In addition, this chapter presents major theoretical and philosophical models for ethics that pertain specifically to technology in educational systems along with implications of research from other fields exploring the integration of ethics into policy, standards, and higher education curricula. Existing research on ethics in educational technology programs suggests a very low level of integration in such domains at present; findings from a survey of the curricular landscape and implications for future research and development are discussed along with consideration of ethics as a foundational component not only to professional standards, practices, and leadership, but also to education policy, as we highlight the role of faculty and graduate programs, practicing professionals, and scholarly associations in shaping future directions and research in this emerging domain.
Prävention und Früherkennung maligner Tumoren

Die Masnahmen zur Pravention von Krebserkrankungen reichen von Empfehlungen zu personlichen Verhaltensanderungen (z. B. hinsichtlich Tabakkonsum und Ernahrung) uber Schutzmasnahmen in Beruf und Umwelt bis hin zu Impfungen gegen krebserzeugende Viren sowie die Einfuhrung von Screening-Programmen zur Fruherkennung. Theoretisch konnten so viele Krebserkrankungen bzw. -sterbefalle vermieden werden. Der Beitrag fasst zusammen, welche Erkenntnisse dazu vorliegen, welche Masnahmen bereits eingeleitet wurden und welche Probleme sich in der praktischen Umsetzung ergeben.
Structure–Polymorphism Study of Fenamates: Toward Developing an Understanding of the Polymorphophore

The ability of molecules to adopt more than one unique crystalline structure, polymorphism, is a phenomenon of considerable scientific interest because it challenges the notion that molecules arrange themselves exclusively in the thermodynamically most stable crystal form. The factors influencing this behavior are manifold and have defied simple prediction. To illustrate an approach to elucidating these factors, the solid-state behavior of a series of molecules that are derivatives of tolfenamic acid (TA), a pentamorphic system, was explored. In analogy to the manner in which drugs are discovered through structure–activity relationships and the identification of a pharmacophore, we test here the notion that when a collective ensemble structural motifs, a “polymorphophore,” is incorporated into a molecule it renders the compound polymorphic. The structure–polymorphism relationship in six TA analogues, both commercial and newly synthesized, was undertaken with the intention of systematically understanding t...
P104 Targeting glutamine metabolism as a novel mechanism of arresting pulmonary fibrosis

Pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating disease with no effective therapy. Cellular metabolic programming is critical to the activation, differentiation, and function of immune cells. Indeed, glutamine is critical for fueling the TCA cycle and promoting the generation of proteins, lipids, nucleotides as well as hypermetabolic inflammatory cells. Data is …
Aut-ors of our Experience: Interrogating Intersections of Autistic Identity

Narratives of the Autistic experience are often told, interpreted, and assigned value by people who are not Autistic, allowing dominant cultural understandings of Autism to pervade without substantial inquiry. In academia, a space in which there is little room for Autistic people in the first place, the power of these dominant ideologies is used to minimize our voices, dismiss our concerns, and devalue our insights. Drawing from Spry’s definition of auto-ethnography and using the works of Derrida and Ronell as aesthetic inspiration, we share and interpret our lived experiences to reclaim our Autistic academic identity. We deliberately disrupt conventions of scholarly writing and storytelling to demonstrate that Autistic narratives should and do interrupt, challenge, or even completely undermine academic normativity. We deploy this cripping-up of our experiences to interrogate how Autistic identity is constructed and negotiated in academia. In doing so, we explore avenues to integrate and celebrate Autism in academic spaces so that scholarship in disability studies, critical autism studies, and gender studies can be enhanced.
Dietary protein intake and chronic kidney disease

Purpose of reviewHigh-protein intake may lead to increased intraglomerular pressure and glomerular hyperfiltration. This can cause damage to glomerular structure leading to or aggravating chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hence, a low-protein diet (LPD) of 0.6–0.8 g/kg/day is often recommended for the m
Public reason and the planning academic

Social scientists tend to think of the world as an ongoing dance between structure and agency, one continually constituted as well as constrained by the other. This perspective yields a particular ...
Influence of regional nighttime atmospheric regimes on canopy turbulence and gradients at a closed and open forest in mountain-valley terrain

Stable stratification of the nocturnal lower boundary layer inhibits convective turbulence, such that turbulent vertical transfer of ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapor (H2O) and energy is driven by mechanically forced turbulence, either from frictional forces near the ground or top of a plant canopy, or from shear generated aloft. The significance of this last source of turbulence on canopy flow characteristics in a closed and open forest canopy is addressed in this paper. We present micrometeorological observations of the lower boundary layer and canopy air space collected on nearly 200 nights using a combination of atmospheric laser detection and ranging (lidar), eddy covariance (EC), and tower profiling instrumentation. Two AmeriFlux/Fluxnet sites in mountain-valley terrain in the Western U.S. are investigated: Wind River, a tall, dense conifer canopy, and Tonzi Ranch, a short, open oak canopy. On roughly 40% of nights lidar detected down-valley or downslope flows above the canopy at both sites. Nights with intermittent strong bursts of “top-down” forced turbulence were also observed above both canopies. The strongest of these bursts increased sub-canopy turbulence and reduced canopy virtual potential temperature (θv) gradient at Tonzi, but did not appear to change the flow characteristics within the dense Wind River canopy. At Tonzi we observed other times when high turbulence (via friction velocity, u*) was found just above the trees, yet CO2 and θv gradients remained large and suggested flow decoupling. These events were triggered by regional downslope flow. Lastly, a set of turbulence parameters is evaluated for estimating canopy turbulence mixing strength. The relationship between turbulence parameters and canopy θv gradients was found to be complex, although better agreement between the canopy θv gradient and turbulence was found for parameters based on the standard deviation of vertical velocity, or ratios of 3-D turbulence to mean flow, than for u*. These findings add evidence that the relationship between canopy turbulence, static stability, and canopy mixing is far from straightforward even within an open canopy.
Response after treatment with pembrolizumab in a patient with myelophthisis due to melanoma: the role of checkpoint inhibition in the bone

Myelophthisis due to melanoma is a rare phenomenon. Treatment strategies for patients with this serious complication of malignancy have not been well documented, and none have previously reported efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition. Since bone metastases are not measurable lesions per standard response criteria, the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition in the bones is also not well described. We describe a patient with widespread melanoma metastases involving the bone marrow causing myelophthisis and pancytopenia who responded to immune checkpoint inhibition with the anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor pembrolizumab. This is the first report to our knowledge of disease response to immune checkpoint inhibition in a patient with myelophthisis. Clinical trials have recently emerged describing the efficacy of PD-1 inhibition for disorders regularly involving the bone marrow, such as hematologic malignancies, suggesting the importance of better understanding the bone marrow as an immunologically active compartment. Clinicians should be aware that immune checkpoint inhibition alone may be effective in treating malignancy involving the bone marrow, even in cases of extensive involvement resulting in pancytopenia due to myelophthisis from a solid tumor as our case suggests.
Integrity of normal-appearing white matter and functional outcomes after acute ischemic stroke

Objective: To characterize the effect of white matter microstructural integrity on cerebral tissue and long-term functional outcomes after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods: Consecutive AIS patients with brain MRI acquired within 48 hours of symptom onset and 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score were included. Acute infarct volume on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWIv) and white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHv) on T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI were measured. Median fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity, and axial diffusivity values were calculated within normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) in the hemisphere contralateral to the acute lesion. Regression models were used to assess the association between diffusivity metrics and acute cerebral tissue and long-term functional outcomes in AIS. Level of significance was set at p Results: Among 305 AIS patients with DWIv and mRS score, mean age was 64.4 ± 15.9 years, and 183 participants (60%) were male. Median NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was 3 (interquartile range [IQR] 1–8), and median normalized WMHv was 6.19 cm3 (IQR 3.0–12.6 cm3). Admission stroke severity (β = 0.16, p Conclusions: FA decrease in NAWM contralateral to the acute infarct is associated with worse mRS category at 90 days after stroke. These data suggest that white matter integrity may contribute to functional recovery after stroke.
CHAPTER 4 – INTEGER PROGRAMMING

Publisher Summary There are many problems in linear programming where the variables must assume only integer values. In some problems such as the transportation problem with integer values for supply and demand, the simplex method will yield integer answers; however, in many other problems, it will not. The chapter presents a number of problems that require integer variables and explains three algorithms for solving these integer programming problems. It also discusses the cutting plane method, an approach used to solve integer programming problems. The algorithms for such problems are not as nice as those for linear programming problems in the sense that there is not one algorithm that works well for all integer programming problems. Among the difficulties with these algorithms is their inefficiency for even medium-sized problems.
Opposite effects of daytime and nighttime warming on top-down control of plant diversity.

Ecological analyses of climate warming explore how rising mean temperature will affect the species composition of communities and their associated functioning. Experimentation usually presumes that warming arises from simultaneous increase in daily maximum (daytime) and minimum (nighttime) temperatures. Yet evidence shows that mean warming arises largely from increasing nighttime temperatures. We report on a three-year experiment that compared the effects of daytime and nighttime warming on a community comprising herbaceous plants, grasshopper herbivores and predatory spiders. We warmed experimental mesocosms 3-4˚ C above ambient control treatments during the daytime (06:00-18:00 h) or nighttime (18:00-06:00 h). Daytime warming caused spiders to seek a thermal refuge low in the plant canopy and away from grasshopper prey, which allowed grasshoppers to spend more time feeding on a competitively dominant plant species. Nighttime had the opposite effect, where spider activity increased causing grasshoppers to reduce feeding. Two consecutive years of daytime warming resulted in a suppression of the competitive dominant plant and increased the diversity and evenness of the plant community, whereas nighttime warming had opposite effects. These results show that ignoring the nuanced effects of asymmetrical warming may lead to inaccurate conclusions about the net effects of climate change on ecosystems. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Using Outcome Measures to Monitor the Performance of the National Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention Program: Current Capabilities and Future Challenges

To determine the success of a state prevention program and to make timely and effective public health decisions, the program's outcomes must be monitored and evaluated. Twenty-one performance measures for the National Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention Program have been developed from the Healthy People 2010 objectives for heart disease and stroke, from performance measures developed in response to the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA), and from a fiscal year program announcement. We assessed the availability of state surveillance systems that could address these measures. Current state data were available for only six of the 16 Healthy People 2010 objectives, one of the two GPRA performance measures, and for all three of the surveillance-related measures recommended in the program announcements. If states are to meet the Healthy People 2010 objectives related to high blood pressure, cholesterol, and emergency care during a cardiac arrest, new surveillance resources will be required at both the national and state levels. These would include a national surveillance system of state registries of acute cardiac arrest care, as well as state health examination surveys.
Progress in Cryocoolers

A significant number of advances have been made during the last few years in a variety of cryocoolers. This paper discusses some of these advances in Brayton, Joule-Thomson, Stirling, pulse tube, Gifford-McMahon, and magnetic refrigerators. Reliability has been a major driving force for new research areas. This paper reviews various approaches taken in the last few years to improve cryocooler reliability. The advantages and disadvantages of different cycles are compared, and the latest improvements in each of these cryocoolers is discussed.
Solving the chromatic cone clustering problem via minimum spanning sphere

In this paper, we study the following Chromatic Cone Clustering (CCC) problem: Given n point-sets with each containing k points in the first quadrant of the d-dimensional space Rd, find k cones apexed at the origin such that each cone contains at least one distinct point (i.e., different from other cones) from every point-set and the total size of the k cones is minimized, where the size of a cone is the angle from any boundary ray to its center line. CCC is motivated by an important biological problem and finds applications in several other areas. Our approaches for solving the CCC problem relies on solutions to the Minimum Spanning Sphere (MinSS) problem for point-sets. For the MinSS problem, we present two (1+e)-approximation algorithms based on core-sets and e-net respectively. With these algorithms, we then show that the CCC problem admits (1 + e)-approximation solutions for constant k. Our results are the first solutions to these problems.
Clinical cardiac electrophysiology: history, rationale, and future.

Clinical cardiac electrophysiology has evolved from basic and clinical studies over the past 40 years. Electrophysiologic studies are now used in the diagnosis of sinus node and AV conduction disturbances, supraventricular and ventricular tachyarrhythmias, and syncope of undetermined etiology. Most recently,the technique has been applied for therapeutic uses such as selecting antiarrhythmic drug therapy and for direct intervention as well.
Understanding the Power of Control in Autonomous Vehicles for People with Vision Impairment

Autonomy and control are important themes in design for people with disabilities. With the rise in research in autonomous vehicle design, we investigate perceived differences in control for people with vision impairments in the use of semi- and fully autonomous vehicles. We conducted focus groups with 15 people with vision impairments. Each focus group included a design component asking participants to design voice-based and tactile solutions to problems identified by the group. We contribute a new perspective of independence in the context of control. We discuss the importance of driving for blind and low vision people, describe differences in perceptions of autonomous vehicles based on level of autonomy, and the use of assistive technology in vehicle operation and information gathering. Our findings guide the design of accessible autonomous transportation systems and existing navigation and orientation systems for people with vision impairments.
Micro-environmental control for efficient local heating: CFD simulation and manikin test verification

Abstract Micro-environment control system has been proved to be able to provide local thermal comfort control. It also has the potential to save building energy by relaxing the control on the unoccupied space. This work aims at designing an efficient heating delivering device (HDD) to locally warm the person to restore thermal comfort when the unoccupied space temperature is reduced from 70.0 °F to 66.0 °F to save the energy. A three-stage approach was developed for designing the HDD including the initial stage of developing by CFD simulation, the second stage of manikin test verification and final stage of human subject test confirmation. The results of the first two stages were presented and discussed in this work. It was shown that convective heating was not efficient enough unless a confinement box was used to hold the hot air around the legs and feet. A more ergonomically friendly design of using a foot warmer was finally proved to be a better solution for individually heating by both simulation and experiments since it can heat the occupant sufficiently. The ability of using CFD to predict heat loss from the clothed human body and its limitation was also investigated. It was found that with proper clothing insulation, the CFD can give a reasonable prediction, although simulating the clothing as a layer of certain thermal resistance might be problematic regarding the structure and permeability of the clothing material. A more appropriate method for simulating the clothing was needed for better prediction in the future.
Using Outlier Analysis to Detect Partisan Gerrymanders: A Survey of Current Approaches and Future Directions

Abstract The prospect of convincing courts to intervene in partisan gerrymandering has inspired a great deal of research and, recently, public attention. But how can neutral parties such as courts ...
Fibrin Nanoparticles Coupled with Keratinocyte Growth Factor Enhance the Dermal Wound-Healing Rate

Expediting the wound-healing process is critical for patients chronically ill from nonhealing wounds and diseases such as hemophilia or diabetes or who have suffered trauma including easily infected open wounds. FDA-approved external tissue sealants include the topical application of fibrin gels, which can be 500 times denser than natural fibrin clots. With lower clot porosity and higher polymerization rates than physiologically formed fibrin clots, the commercial gels quickly stop blood loss but impede the later clot degradation kinetics and thus retard tissue-healing rates. The fibrin nanoparticles (FBNs) described here are constructed from physiologically relevant fibrin concentrations that support new tissue and dermal wound scaffold formation when coupled with growth factors. The FBNs, synthesized in a microfluidic droplet generator, support cell adhesion and traction generation, and when coupled to keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), support cell migration and in vivo wound healing. The FBN–KGF partic...
Introduction to a special issue on child and adolescent feeding and eating disorders and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder.

Objective We are very pleased to introduce a special issue of the International Journal of Eating Disorders on child and adolescent feeding and eating disorders and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). Method Contributions focused on five main themes: (1) the definition and assessment of ARFID; (2) the clinical phenomenology of ARFID; (3) similarities and differences between ARFID and anorexia nervosa (AN); (4) novel treatments for ARFID; and (5) new ideas for improving treatment outcomes in AN. Results These papers highlight the importance of clear operationalization and measurement of the ARFID diagnostic criteria. ARFID phenotypes bear both similarities and important differences in clinical profile, course, and outcome from AN. Findings suggest the utility of adapting existing treatments for restrictive eating disorders to apply to ARFID and engender clinical creativity to move beyond existing treatments and develop novel interventions that address the heterogeneity of ARFID. Furthermore, burgeoning understanding of ARFID offers the potential that novel treatments for ARFID may also be applied to improve outcomes for AN. Discussion This collection of papers features child and adolescent feeding and eating disorder patient groups that have been understudied and we hope that this catalyzes clinical research in these important presentations.
Task-Aware Optimization of Dynamic Fractional Permissions

Boyland’s original work on fractional permissions introduced a mechanism to statically reason about the correct use of shared memory in concurrent programs. Permissions are linear capabilities that can be passed from one task to another. By splitting a permission into fractions, a task can grant multiple other tasks concurrent read access. Because writing data requires the full permission–and by definition at most one task can have the full permission–, fractional permissions prevent read/write conflicts.
Culture of Rectal Swab Specimens for Enteric Bacterial Pathogens Decreases Time to Test Result While Preserving Assay Sensitivity Compared to Bulk Fecal Specimens.

ABSTRACT Diarrheal illness is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world, yet the etiologic agent of many cases of gastrointestinal illness remains unspecified, often due to the lack of convenient, timely, and sensitive diagnostic testing. Although bulk fecal specimens remain the recommended specimen type for enteric culture, rectal swabs may be an option preferred by clinicians and patients due to the convenience and timing of collection. However, the lack of data evaluating the sensitivity of rectal swabs compared to fecal specimens for detection of enteric pathogens precludes this specimen type from being recommended by national guidelines. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed 480 paired rectal swab and fecal specimens submitted for enteric culture to the Barnes-Jewish Hospital and St. Louis Children’s Hospital microbiology laboratories in St. Louis, MO, from 2002 to 2017. We report 32% positivity of paired specimens with an overall agreement of 93% and Cohen9s κ of 0.84 (95% confidence interval, 0.78 to 0.89). Additionally, we evaluated the time to result from the time of patient presentation to the health care setting and demonstrate that rectal swabs have a significantly shorter time to an actionable result than bulk fecal specimens (median, 67.4 h versus 78.4 h, respectively; P
Public attitudes toward the minimum wage debate: Effects of partisanship, ideology, beliefs

Abstract In this study, we examine the factors that affect public attitudes about raising the federal minimum wage, with a focus on partisanship, ideology, and individuals’ values or beliefs concerning the current state of wealth distribution, the government’s role, and the effects of raising the minimum wage on employment. Using logit analysis on a 2014 CBS News Poll, we find that public attitudes about raising the minimum wage are shaped by not only partisanship or ideology but also individuals’ long-standing values or beliefs regarding policy issues. Particularly, by making those values or beliefs the intervening variables, we show that the effects of partisanship or ideology are moderated by the values or beliefs regarding the minimum wage increase. While plenty of previous research finds political party affiliation as the most crucial factor that shapes individuals’ policy preferences, our study’s findings indicate that the expected policy outcome has the greatest effect on public support for the minimum wage increase, and the effect of the beliefs about the unequal distribution of income or wealth is as strong as that of political affiliation.
Forward Design: Creative Technologies in Art Education

The ubiquity of digital technology has been a major driver of change in art education and has forced art programs across the country to recalibrate their curricula. This analysis will focus on the six principles that guided the expansion and reorganization of a graduate-level art and art education program. Specifically, we applied six major program goals to the design of our creative technologies curriculum, each of which will be discussed below. While this analysis describes our thinking behind the curriculum design, it also explores the relationship between art, technology, and education as a critical trifecta.
Prey and predator overlap at the edge of a mesoscale eddy: fine-scale, in-situ distributions to inform our understanding of oceanographic processes

Eddies can enhance primary as well as secondary production, creating a diverse meso- and sub-mesoscale seascape at the eddy front which can affect the aggregation of plankton and particles. Due to the coarse resolution provided by sampling with plankton nets, our knowledge of plankton distributions at these edges is limited. We used a towed, undulating underwater imaging system to investigate the physical and biological drivers of zoo- and ichthyoplankton aggregations at the edge of a decaying mesoscale eddy (ME) in the Straits of Florida. Using a sparse Convolutional Neural Network we identified 132 million images of plankton. Larval fish and Oithona spp. copepod concentrations were significantly higher in the eddy water mass, compared to the Florida Current water mass, only four days before the ME's dissipation. Larval fish and Oithona distributions were tightly coupled, indicating potential predator-prey interactions. Larval fishes are known predators of Oithona, however, Random Forests models showed that Oithona spp. and larval fish concentrations were primarily driven by variables signifying the physical footprint of the ME, such as current speed and direction. These results suggest that eddy-related advection leads to largely passive overlap between predator and prey, a positive, energy-efficient outcome for predators at the expense of prey.
2.08 – Gas Micropumps

This chapter provides a systematic review of micromachined gas pumps. After briefly reviewing their applications and general structure, it discusses typical performance metrics for these pumps. Gas pumps are categorized based on their pumping mechanisms and actuation techniques used. A review of four different pumping mechanisms is provided. These include passive, active, diffuser, and valveless pumping. A brief review of all previously reported micromachined pumps based on each of these pumping mechanisms is provided. Following this, a review of different actuation technologies and their use in reported gas micropumps is provided. Finally, the chapter provides a design road map for all previous gas micropumps, summarizing their main features, and ends with concluding remarks about remaining challenges and future directions.
Rainfall, biomass and the pastoral economy of Niger: assessing the impact of drought

Ground-based biomass measurements, systematic aerial reconnaissance and NOAA AVHRR and Landsat data were used to define the geographic limits of dry season pasture in the southern part of the pastoral zone of Niger. This dry season pasture, referred to as the pastoral habitat, was of such overwhelming importance to the well-being of the pastoral system that it could be used to define the sample frame for a meso-scale drought early warning system. Normalized rainfall departures for 1957 to 1987 from multiple sites in the pastoral habitat inferred the common perceptions of recent interannual climatic variations in Niger and their impacts on the pastoral economy.
Epithelial Cell-like Elasticity Modulates E-cadherin Adhesion Organization

Abstract E-cadherin adhesions are essential for cell-to-cell cohesion and mechanical coupling between epithelial cells and reside in a micro-environment that comprises the adjoining epithelial cells. While E-cadherin has been shown to be a mechanosensor, it is unknown if E-cadherin adhesions can differentially sense stiffness within the range of that of epithelial cells. A survey of literature shows that epithelial cells’ Young’s moduli of elasticity lie predominantly in the sub kPa to few kPa range, with cancer cells often being softer than non-cancerous ones. Here, we devised oriented E-cadherin-coated soft silicone substrates with sub kPa or few kPa elasticity, but with similar viscous moduli, and found that E-cadherin adhesions differentially organize depending on the magnitude of epithelial cell-like elasticity. Linearly shaped E-cadherin adhesions associated with radially oriented actin, but not irregularly shaped E-cadherin adhesions associated with circumferential actin foci, were much more numerous on 2.4 kPa E-cadherin substrates compared to 0.3 kPa E-cadherin substrates. However, the total amount of E-cadherin in both types of adhesions taken together was similar on the 0.3 kPa and 2.4 kPa E-cadherin substrates, across many cells. Furthermore, while the average extent of nuclear recruitment of the mechanoresponsive transcription factor YAP on the 0.3 kPa E-cadherin substrate was undiminished relative to that on the 2.4 kPa substrate, a fraction of cells on the softer substrate displayed relatively high levels of YAP nuclear recruitment. Our results show that E-cadherin adhesions can be regulated by epithelial cell-like elasticity and have significant implications for disease states like carcinomas characterized by altered epithelial cell elasticity.
Semantic code search via equational reasoning

We present a new approach to semantic code search based on equational reasoning, and the Yogo tool implementing this approach. Our approach works by considering not only the dataflow graph of a function, but also the dataflow graphs of all equivalent functions reachable via a set of rewrite rules. In doing so, it can recognize an operation even if it uses alternate APIs, is in a different but mathematically-equivalent form, is split apart with temporary variables, or is interleaved with other code. Furthermore, it can recognize when code is an instance of some higher-level concept such as iterating through a file. Because of this, from a single query, Yogo can find equivalent code in multiple languages. Our evaluation further shows the utility of Yogo beyond code search: encoding a buggy pattern as a Yogo query, we found a bug in Oracle’s Graal compiler which had been missed by a hand-written static analyzer designed for that exact kind of bug. Yogo is built on the Cubix multi-language infrastructure, and currently supports Java and Python.
Estimating the effect of active management and private equity for defined benefit pension funds

Abstract We conduct a returns-based [Sharpe, 1988] , [Sharpe, 1992] style analysis of U.S. corporate defined benefit pension plans. The returns for corporate pension funds are reported only once per year, limiting the degrees of freedom for a returns-based style analysis. To address this problem, we introduce a “Search” method that systematically tests all possible combinations of a limited number of factors (market indices) to find the set with the highest explanatory power of historical returns. We find that pension funds exhibit significant exposure to private equity, much more so then balanced funds. We provide a new approach to measuring the relative contributions of policy and active management by using squared partial correlation coefficients to control for market movements. We find that pension funds show more active management compared to balanced funds.
Jointly Leveraging Decorrelation and Sparsity for Improved Feedback Cancellation in Hearing Aids

We propose a new adaptive feedback cancellation (AFC) system in hearing aids (HAs) based on a well-posed optimization criterion that jointly considers both decorrelation of the signals and sparsity of the underlying channel. We show that the least squares criterion on subband errors regularized by a p-norm-like diversity measure can be used to simultaneously decorrelate the speech signals and exploit sparsity of the acoustic feedback path impulse response. Compared with traditional subband adaptive filters that are not appropriate for incorporating sparsity due to shorter sub-filters, our proposed framework is suitable for promoting sparse characteristics, as the update rule utilizing subband information actually operates in the fullband. Simulation results show that the normalized misalignment, added stable gain, and other objective metrics of the AFC are significantly improved by choosing a proper sparsity promoting factor and a suitable number of subbands. More importantly, the results indicate that the benefits of subband decomposition and sparsity promoting are complementary and additive for AFC in HAs.
Effective Followership Impacting Transparent Leadership

The continued occurrence of scandals, ethical lapses, and misconduct caused by both organizational leaders and followers highlights the need for transparent leadership. For example, the improper disclosure by Boeing leadership to regulators contributed to the deadly plane crashes and the deaths of over 300 people. It illustrated the devasting consequences when there is a lack of organizational transparency. To improve transparent leadership, organizations must value the importance of honest and trusting relationships and effective followership. Applying an exegetical analysis of the Prophet Nathan’s rebuke of King David will offer contemporary leaders and followers the power of effective followership and its impact in improving leader transparency.
Multiple cerebral hemorrhages in sepsis-disseminated intravascular coagulation versus septic embolism: An image report.

Background Septic emboli are commonly attributed to infective endocarditis and can present with a variety of symptoms including altered mental status and focal neurological deficits. Here, we reviewed images of septic emboli with hemorrhagic conversion in a patient with sepsis and a psoas abscess. We aim to show the classical image findings in septic embolism to brain, which is sparsely described in literature and the report differentiates the septic embolism from disseminated intravascular coagulation which can present with almost identical image findings. Case description A 53-year-old male patient who was operated on for a right inguinal hernia developed a postoperative wound infection 2 weeks after surgery and was started on IV antibiotics. Despite medical management, his infection did not improve, prompting a computed tomography (CT) scan which revealed a psoas abscess. The abscess was drained, and antibiotics continued. A few days later, he developed altered sensorium prompting a head CT which revealed septic emboli and hemorrhage at the gray-white junction. Cultures grew multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli; the patient was treated with IV tigecycline and improved over the following 4 weeks. Conclusion In patients with a known ongoing infectious process with hemodynamic stability who develop altered mental status in the setting of a normal coagulation profile, D-dimer, positive blood cultures, and absent signs of multiorgan failure, a diagnosis of septic emboli should be entertained. Although CT can reveal macrobleeds, MRI is more sensitive in confirming cerebral microbleeds. Thus, patients in sepsis with unexplained altered sensorium should undergo an MRI of the brain to rule out septic emboli and microbleeds.
Diffusion biomarkers in chronic myocardial infarction.

Cardiac diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (cDTI) allows estimating the aggregate cardiomyocyte architecture in healthy subjects and its remodeling as a result of cardiac disease. In this study, cDTI was used to quantify microstructural changes occurring in swine (N = 7) six to ten weeks after myocardial infarction. Each heart was extracted and imaged ex vivo with \(1\,\mathrm {mm}\) isotropic spatial resolution. Microstructural changes were quantified in the border zone and infarct region by comparing diffusion tensor invariants – fractional anisotropy (FA), mode, and mean diffusivity (MD) – radial diffusivity, and diffusion tensor eigenvalues with the corresponding values in the remote myocardium. MD and radial diffusivity increased in the infarct and border regions with respect to the remote myocardium (\(p< 0.01\)). In contrast, FA and mode decreased in the infarct and border regions (\(p< 0.01\)). Diffusion tensor eigenvalues also increased in the infarct and border regions, with a larger increase in the secondary and tertiary eigenvalues.
Identifying Chemical Reactions and Their Associated Attributes in Patents.

Chemical patents are an important source of information about novel chemicals and chemical reactions. With the increasing volume of such patents, mining information about these chemicals and chemical reactions has become a time-intensive and laborious endeavor. In this paper, we present a system to automatically extract chemical reaction events from patents. Our approach consists of two steps: 1) Named Entity Recognition (NER) -- the automatic identification of chemical reaction parameters from the corresponding text; and 2) Event Extraction (EE) -- the automatic classifying and linking of entities based on their relationships to each other. For our NER system, we evaluate Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory (BiLSTM)-based and Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT)-based methods. For our RE system, we evaluate two BERT-based, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)-based, and rule-based methods. We evaluate our NER and EE components separately and also as an end-to-end system, reporting the precision, recall, and F- score. From the results, we can conclude the BiLSTM-based method performed well at identifying the entities, and the CNN-based method performed well at extracting events. CNN-based and BERT-based methods performed well with the classes with more instances to train on, and the rule-based method performed well with classes with fewer instances.
Dysfunctional labor and hemoperitoneum secondary to an incidentally discovered dysgerminoma: a case report.

BACKGROUND Ovarian dysgerminoma, a subtype of malignant germ cell tumor (GCT), is a rare ovarian neoplasm that is infrequently found in the gravid patient. When dysgerminomas do occur in pregnancy, the rapidly growing tumors can have a heterogeneous presentation and lead to peripartum complications and morbidity. Due to the rarity of this condition, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are not well described in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION A healthy multigravida with an uncomplicated antenatal history presented for elective induction of labor. She had a protracted labor course, persistently abnormal cervical examinations, and eventually developed a worsening Category II tracing that prompted cesarean birth. Intraoperatively, a 26 cm pelvic mass later identified as a Stage IA dysgerminoma was discovered along with a massive hemoperitoneum. The mass was successfully resected, and the patient remains without recurrence 6 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION Although rare and generally indolent, dysgerminomas can grow rapidly and cause mechanical obstruction of labor and other complications in pregnancy. Pelvic masses, including malignant neoplasms, should be included in as part of a broad differential diagnosis when evaluating even routine intrapartum complications such as abnormal labor progression. Additionally, we demonstrate that adnexal masses can be a source of life-threatening intraabdominal hemorrhage.
Emerging Insights Into Chronic Renal Disease Pathogenesis in Hypertension From Human and Animal Genomic Studies.

The pathogenic links between elevated blood pressure and chronic kidney disease remain obscure. This article examines progress in population genetics and in animal models of hypertension and chroni...