cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Personality and other characteristics associated with cigarette smoking among young teenagers.

Berelson, Bernard. 1952 Content Analysis in Communication Research. Glencoe: Free Press. Budd, Richard, Robert K. Thorp and Lewis Donohew. 1967 Content Analysis of Communication. New York: Macmillan. Edwards, Allan C. 1957 Techniques of Attitude Scale Construction. New York: Appleton-CenturyCrofts. Kerlinger, Fred N. 1964 Foundations of Behavioral Research. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Metsch, Jonathan M., and James E. Veney. "A model of the adaptive behavior of hospital administrators to the mandate to implement consumer participation." Medical Care (Forthcoming). Mogulof, Melvin B. 1970 Citizen Participation: The Local Perspective. Washington, D.C.: The Urban Institute. Partridge, Kay B., and Paul E. White. 1972 "Community and professional part-cipation in decision making at a health center." Health Services Reports 87 April):336-442. Selltiz, Claire, Marie Jahoda, Martin Deutsch and Stuart Cook. 1952 Research Methods in Social Relations. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Differences in Autism Symptoms Between Minority and Non-Minority Toddlers

Little is known about whether early symptom presentation differs in toddlers with ASD from ethnic minority versus non-minority backgrounds. Within a treatment study for toddlers with ASD, we compared 19 minority to 65 Caucasian children and their parents on variables obtained from the Mullen Scales of Early Learning, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, and Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Caregiver Questionnaire. The majority of parents were from the upper classes irrespective of ethnic membership. Minority children had lower scores in language, communication, and gross motor than non-minority children. Findings indicate that subtle communication delays may be undetected or presumed unremarkable by parents of minority toddlers, and that more significant delays are needed to prompt the search for intervention services.
Ground plane effects on planar inverted-F antennas

The planar inverted-F antenna has been the subject of many different parametric studies to optimize the design. Also, many different researchers have studied the effects of ground plane size on the bandwidth and radiation patterns. This paper looks further at the results and attempts to explain why the bandwidth and radiation patterns change significantly with changes in ground plane structure.
hMLH1 promoter methylation and silencing in primary endometrial cancers are associated with specific alterations in MBDs occupancy and histone modifications.

Abstract Objective. To investigate the relationship between hMLH1 promoter methylation and changes in chromatin composition. To study how the occupancy of methyl CpG binding domain proteins (MBDs) and histone acetylation/methylation in hMLH1 promoter may participate in hMLH1 silencing. Methods. 64 endometrial cancer samples were screened for hMLH1 mRNA expression. hMLH1 promoter methylation status was confirmed by methylation-specific PCR in cancers with high and low levels of hMLH1 expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed to compare the MBD occupancy and histone modifications between the methylated/silenced and unmethylated/active hMLH1 genes in multiple primary endometrial cancers. Results. We demonstrated that MeCP2, MBD1 and MBD2, but not MBD3 and MBD4, specifically bind to methylated hMLH1 promoters. Hyperacetylated histones H3 and H4 were found to be associated with the unmethylated and transcriptionally active hMLH1 promoters. While H3 lysine-4 methylation was present in unmethylated hMLH1 promoters, H3 lysine-9 methylation was found exclusively in methylated promoters. Western blot analysis showed that similar global levels of MBDs and histones were present in the two cancer groups with high and low hMLH1 expression. Conclusions. A distinct combination of MBDs and histone modification is associated with the silencing of the hMLH1 gene. The changes in hMLH1 chromatin composition are closely related to methylation status of hMLH1 promoters. These changes are not accounted by the global expression levels of MBDs and histones in endometrial cancers.
A New General Methodology for the Syntheses of End-Functional Polyisobutylenes by Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions

The syntheses of end-functional polyisobutylenes (PIBs) including hydroxy, amino, carboxy, azide, boxy and thymine end groups have been accomplished using nucleophilic substitution reactions. propargyl, methoxy, and thymine end groups have been accomplished using nucleophilic substitution reactions. S N 2 reactions on PIB-Allyl-X (X = Cl or Br), the trans-1,4 addition product of the capping reaction of living PIB with 1,3-butadiene, with different nucleophiles successfully yielded the corresponding PIB-Allyl-OH, PIB-Allyl-OMe, PIB-Allyl-NH 2 , PIB-Allyl-OCH 2 C≡CH, PIB-Allyl-N 3 , and PIB-Allyl-CH 2 COOH with quantitative functionalization as determined by 1 H and 13 C NMR, FT-IR, and matrix-assisted time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. As expected, the rate of substitution was faster with PIB-Allyl-Br compared to PIB-Allyl-Cl. GPC analysis of the precursor PIB-Allyl-X and the products indicated that the polymer chain is unaffected by the substitution reactions. The synthesis of hydroxy telechelic PIBs was also achieved using X-Allyl-PIB-Allyl-X at reaction conditions similar to that employed for the preparation of PIB-Allyl-OH. The methodology was extended to the synthesis of PIB block copolymers by employing polymeric nucleophiles. PIB-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) was synthesized by the nucleophilic substitution of PIB-Allyl-Cl with PEO-O - Na + .
A cycle-accurate, cycle-reproducible multi-FPGA system for accelerating multi-core processor simulation

Software based tools for simulation are not keeping up with the demands for increased chip and system design complexity. In this paper, we describe a cycle-accurate and cycle-reproducible large-scale FPGA platform that is designed from the ground up to accelerate logic verification of the Bluegene/Q compute node ASIC, a multi-processor SOC implemented in IBM's 45 nm SOI CMOS technology. This paper discusses the challenges for constructing such large-scale FPGA platforms, including design partitioning, clocking & synchronization, and debugging support, as well as our approach for addressing these challenges without sacrificing cycle accuracy and cycle reproducibility. The resulting fullchip simulation of the Bluegene/Q compute node ASIC runs at a simulated processor clock speed of 4 MHz, over 100,000 times faster than the logic level software simulation of the same design. The vast increase in simulation speed provides a new capability in the design cycle that proved to be instrumental in logic verification as well as early software development and performance validation for Bluegene/Q.
Effect of histamine on the diameter of skeletal muscle fibers in mice

Des souris recurent des injections intraperitoneales de bichlorure d'histamine. Le diametre moyen des fibres musculaires s'en trouva nettement reduit et des modifications histologiques furent notees chez les souris traitees.
The influence of relationships among items to be recalled upon short-term retention

Summary Four experiments are reported in which Ss were required to remember familiar English words until their recall was requested. While remembering these words, Ss were presented other words or asked to recall previously presented items. In all four experiments, the recall of more than one item at a time was typically required. The studies are concerned with the manner in which short-term retention is influenced by the relationships among words whose recall is requested at the same time. Retention was found to be facilitated by the opportunity to group words of the same generic class (e.g., automobiles, trees, sports, etc.) at recall. On the other hand, if words from the same class had to be simultaneously stored in different groupings for recall, the resulting interference led to poorer retention than was the case when Ss were required to remember only unrelated words at any one time. It was found to make little difference whether the same or different Ss were responding under the various conditions of opportunity to group. Moreover, if the opportunity to group is varied in a stepwise fashion from the condition in which maximum grouping is possible to the condition in which S is required to remember only unrelated words, retention scores are found to be ordered with respect to this variation. However, it is interesting to note that under the task conditions of these experiments, retention is benefited by multiple-item recall, i.e., increased average load reduction, even when the items being recalled are unrelated. While it is possible that these benefits may have been derived in part from the grouping of unrelated items at recall, it seems more likely that the improvement was due to a decrease in retroactive inhibition that resulted from the concomitant decrease in number of interpolated recall points with increases in average load reduction.
On the Estimation of Time-varying Parameters in Continuous-time Nonlinear Systems

Abstract The estimation of time-varying parameters in continuous-time nonlinear systems is considered under the framework of the modulating functions method. The parameter is approximated as a finite Fourier series, which is reconstructed from the estimated Fourier spectral coefficients. Unlike the popular polynomial approximation, this approach is general enough for piecewise smooth parameter changes. The locations of abrupt jumps are accurately identified by the presence of Gibbs phenomenon. The global Fourier spectral coefficients are then used to extract local finite Gegenbauer polynomial series to recover smooth parameter variations between the jumps. This method of resolution of the Gibbs phenomenon avoids the necessity of estimating a large number of Fourier coefficients for series convergence. A van der Pol oscillator simulation example is included to demonstrate the performance of the approach.
Nature of light scattering in dental enamel and dentin at visible and near-infrared wavelengths

The light-scattering properties of dental enamel and dentin were measured at 543, 632, and 1053 nm. Angularly resolved scattering distributions for these materials were measured from 0° to 180° using a rotating goniometer. Surface scattering was minimized by immersing the samples in an index-matching bath. The scattering and absorption coefficients and the scattering phase function were deduced by comparing the measured scattering data with angularly resolved Monte Carlo light-scattering simulations. Enamel and dentin were best represented by a linear combination of a highly forward-peaked Henyey–Greenstein (HG) phase function and an isotropic phase function. Enamel weakly scatters light between 543 nm and 1.06 μm, with the scattering coefficient (μs) ranging from μs = 15 to 105 cm−1. The phase function is a combination of a HG function with g = 0.96 and a 30–60% isotropic phase function. For enamel, absorption is negligible. Dentin scatters strongly in the visible and near IR (μs ≅ 260 cm−1) and absorbs weakly (μa ≅ 4 cm−1). The scattering phase function for dentin is described by a HG function with g = 0.93 and a very weak isotropic scattering component (~2%).
An unusual case of undifferentiated connective tissue disease presenting as cardiac tamponade

Cardiac tamponade as an initial manifestation of undifferentiated connective tissue diseases (UCTD) is extremely rare, with only one case reported in literature thus far. We describe here, a case of a middle-aged man who presented with symptoms of fatigue, exertional dyspnea and orthopnea. His physical exam was significant for anasarca, elevated JVP and pulsus paradoxus. Chest X-ray showed pleural effusions and cardiomegaly, electrocardiogram revealed electrical alternans and a transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrated massive pericardial effusion with hemodynamic compromise. There was clear evidence of tamponade on right heart catheterization. All common causes of pericardial effusion were assiduously excluded before working up the patient for connective tissue disorders, which revealed a high antinuclear antibody titer (1:160), grossly elevated SSA, SSB antibodies and increased C-reactive protein levels (13.04 mg/dl). Patient had no signs or symptoms suggestive of systemic sclerosis (xerophthalmia or xerostomia) and did not meet criteria for any other known connective tissue diseases. He was therefore diagnosed with UCTD, and successfully treated with colchicine after emergency pericardiocentesis. This case presents UCTD as a rare cause of cardiac tamponade and large pericardial effusions and suggests that colchicine can be used to treat UCTD-associated effusions. These patients once diagnosed, are at risk of developing known connective tissue diseases within 5 years of disease onset and should be followed up in clinic periodically.
Exact and approximate solutions to the double-diffusive Marangoni–Bénard problem with cross-diffusive terms

We discuss the linear stability of a cross-doubly-diffusive fluid layer with surface tension variation along the free surface. Two limiting cases of the mass flux basic state are considered in the presence of non-zero Soret and Dufour diffusivities. The first case, which has remained largely unexplored, is one where a temperature difference, AT, and a concentration difference, AC, are both imposed across the layer. The second case, which has greater significance to thermosolutal systems, is that where the imposed AT across the layer induces a AC. We rescale the problem in the absence of buoyancy, which leads to a more concise representation of neutral stability results in and near the limit of zero gravity. We obtain exact solutions for stationary stability in both cases. One important consequence of the exact solutions is the validation of recently published numerical results in the limit of zero gravity. Moreover, the precise location of asymptotes in relevant parameter (Sm c ,Ma c ) space are computed from exact solutions. Both numerical and exact solutions are used to further examine stability behaviour
Feel free to cache: Towards an open CDN architecture for cloud-based content distribution

In this paper we propose an open CDN architecture, with the goal to foster an open and competitive content distribution ecosystem. The proposed architecture is built on the sights obtained from our recent work on understanding large scale content distribution systems. The key idea is to enable content creators or providers to allow any ISP or third-party content distributor to participate collaboratively in content distribution through software-defined content distribution framework with open APIs.
Clonal growth of bladder cancer cells in a double layer soft agar assay: needles addition of multiple culture supplements

The necessity of multiple culture supplements, characteristic of Hamburger and Salmon (H&S) soft agar assay (1977), for the clonal growth of bladder cancer cells was systematically investigated. One murine and 6 human cell lines were cultivated in different culture supplemented conditions based on the H&S method. All cell lines successfully formed colonies in the absence of supplements. The inclusion of 2-mercaptoethanol to supplement-free medium stimulated the clonal growth of murine (MBT-2) cells, whereas it did not affect the growth of human cell lines. DEAE-dextran suppressed the clonal growth of 5 out of 7 lines. Tryptic soy broth stimulated the growth of 2 human cell lines, whereas it suppressed the other 2 cell lines. The chemosensitivity of MBT-2 cells was not affected by these supplements.
Theoretical and psychometric analysis of caregiver strain

The purpose of the study was to establish the validity and reliability of an instrument for the measurement of caregiver strain, the Parent Caregiver Strain Questionnaire (PCSQ), with data from 283 adult children who were providing care to a neurologically impaired patient. Principal axis factor analysis of data rotated to an oblimin solution revealed five well-defined, first-order factors that explained 59% of the total variance in caregiver strain. The five-factors were interrelated with caregiver strain as theoretically predicted. Coefficient alphas for the five factors were in the range from .74 to .93. The findings provide beginning evidence of the adequacy of the PCSQ, and favor continued investigation into the theoretical and psychometric properties of the instrument. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Simultaneous quantitation of endogenous levels of cortisone and cortisol in human nasal and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and plasma via gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry.

Investigation of the influence of pulmonary disease upon local catabolism of cortisol in vivo is limited by the lack of availability of a selective and sensitive assay for simultaneous quantitation of cortisol and cortisone in lung and nasal lavage fluids as well as in plasma. Synthesis of bispentafluorobenzylcarboxymethoxime derivatives of cortisone and cortisol followed by trimethylsilylation yields compounds with almost ideal gas chromatographic properties. The derivatized steroids generate intense M(-.)-181 fragment ions in negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Monitoring of ions at m/z 829 and m/z 903, respectively, for cortisone and cortisol and corresponding fragment ions generated from multideuterated internal standards provides the analytical basis for assessment of local in vivo conversion of cortisol to cortisone in the respiratory system of human subjects. The assay method displays excellent reproducibility with variations 3). Endogenous levels of cortisone and cortisol, respectively, measured in human samples were as follows: nasal lavage fluid, 47 and 25 pg/ml; bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, 380 and 153 pg/ml; plasma 12.8 and 61.6 ng/ml.
M−F Interatomic Distances and Effective Volumes of Second and Third Transition Series MF6- and MF62- Anions

Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data (SPDD) for representative LiMF6 and Li2MF6 salts of the second and third transition series have provided unit-cell parameters and, from Rietveld analysis, M−F interatomic distances. M−F distances have also been obtained from X-ray single-crystal structural analyses of LiOsF6, Li2PtF6, and KRhF6. The LiMF6 all have the LiSbF6 structure type (space group R3). For M = Ta to Au the primitive unit cell volume decreases with increasing nuclear charge (Z), the volumes (σ = 0.01 A3) being as follows: Ta, 111.26; Os, 102.42; Ir, 100.77; Pt, 99.62; and Au, 99.12 A3. A similar contraction, with increase in Z, occurs from Nb to Rh, the primitive cell volume (σ = 0.01 A3) being: Nb, 110.92; Ru, 100.51; and Rh, 98.64 A3. For the TaF6- to AuF6- the M−F distances are not significantly different across the series, at ∼1.87(1) A; also, Nb−F, Ru−F, and Rh−F = 1.86(1) A. In each series, the a and c values of the hexagonal-cell representation for the LiMF6 structure (separate layers ...
The Use of Debriefing With Children

The debate over the use of psychological debriefing in the early aftermath of a traumatic event has raged for decades, yet little attention has been paid to its use with perhaps the most vulnerable of victims, children and adolescents. While recommendations against the use of group debriefing with adults seem to have been made based on research of individual debriefing, recommendations regarding its use with children have been made based on the adult literature. In this review, we outline the possible mechanisms of harm and benefit of debriefing with a discussion of developmental concerns. The available empirical and nonempirical literature on the use of debriefing with youth is summarized. While research does not currently evidence harm in the use of debriefing with children, there is no strong support for its use either. We present both clinical considerations and research implications as they relate to debriefing as well as what this debate has taught us about the challenges to disseminating and evaluating early crisis interventions in general.
Outcomes of the Acute Palliative Care Unit in an Academic Medical Center

Background: The acute palliative care units (APCU) where the palliative medicine specialists are primarily in charge with medical management are being established in few academic medical centers. T...
Quantitative assessment of azoxymethane-inducedaberrant crypt foci in inbred mice

Heritable differences in tumor susceptibility are observed in mice after repetitive exposures to the organotropic colon carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM). The following study was undertaken to determine whether early morphological alterations within the colonic epithelium correlate with subsequent cancer risk. A/J and SWR/J (susceptible) and AKR/J (resistant) mice were injected once a week with AOM at a dose of 10 mg/kg, i.p., for a total of 6 weeks. Four weeks after the last injection, methylene blue-stained whole-mount colons were examined for the presence of colonic epithelial lesions referred to as aberrant crypt foci (ACF). Putative lesions identified under low magnification were further characterized by H&E staining of corresponding sections. AOM produced a treatment-related increase in ACFs in each of the mouse lines examined. The tumor-susceptible SWR/J and A/J mice developed on average between three- and sixfold more ACFs in the distal colon (32 and 15/cm of colon, respectively) than the resistant AKR/J mice (5/cm colon). The size distribution of ACFs was further analyzed in each of the strains. In SWR/J and A/J, 20-35% of lesions were classified as large ACFs, consisting of 5 or more aberrant crypts per focus. This is in striking contrast to the size distribution of lesions identified in the AKR/J colons, where fewer than 5% of grossly identified lesions were classified as large. In fact, the majority (> 80%) of ACFs in AKR/J mice consisted of only 1-2 aberrant crypts@focus. In addition, there was no evidence of dysplasia in any of the AKR/J lesions examined, whereas the lesions in susceptible mice were dysplastic (adenomas). Our data indicate that tumorigenic response is associated with the extent and multiplicity of ACFs that form within the colonic epithelium at an early time point after carcinogen exposure. These studies further support the use of this morphological biomarker as a short-term endpoint of colon tumorigenesis.
Greening America's Skylines: The Diffusion of Low‐Salience Policies

The diffusion literature is replete with examples of highly salient policies spreading across subnational governments. However, low-salience policies that do not benefit from a groundswell of public opinion also spread across jurisdictions in patterns that appear similar to those of other, more well-known policy ideas. This research is an investigation of the mechanisms that propagate low-salience policies. I analyze the adoption of the U.S. Green Building Council's (USGBC) Leadership in Energy Efficient Design standard across 119 U.S. cities from 2000 to 2008. The investigation indicates that a knowledge broker, in this case the USGBC, occupies critical roles in linking a low-salience policy to a broader set of widely held societal values, developing a common policy vocabulary, providing a base policy that jurisdictions may freely adapt, and creating a diffusion infrastructure by acting as a communication hub for existing and interested jurisdictions to discuss innovations and progress.
GENDERED HETERONORMATIVITY: Emprical Illustrations in Everyday life

We present a qualitative analysis of students' written narratives of gender norm violation projects—for example, women smoking cigars, reparing cars, wearing moustaches; men doing housework, carrying purses, wearing nail polish, crying in public — i terms relevant to theoretical literature that problematizes heterosexuality. We show that routinely unquestioned heteronormative expectations and proscriptions that exist as background context in contemporary culture come to the for when traditional gender boundaries are crossed. Further, we show that heteronormativity itself is gendered via the homosexualization of disruptive men and heterosexualization of disruptive women. This article discusses and compares how compulsory heterosexuality operates differenstly for women and men. We describe and give examples of different ways in which students and others sexualize even unexplicitly sexual actions and appearances. These tactics of sexualization include homophobic disclaimers, homophobic labeling, and heterose...
Flexor digitorum profundus tendon to bone tunnel repair: a vascularization and histologic study in canines.

Purpose Recent in vivo canine studies have shown incomplete restoration of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) insertion site after transection and repair to the cortical surface of the distal phalanx. Previous biomechanical analyses of tendon to bone surface repair have suggested that repair site gap formation of greater than 3 mm occurs frequently under physiologic loads. A recent ex vivo investigation into a novel repair of the FDP tendon into a bone tunnel in the distal phalanx showed improved tensile properties with a decrease in repair site gap formation. Time-zero data, however, do not always accurately reflect in vivo responses. The repair response of the FDP tendon when placed in an osseous compartment is not known. The purpose of this study was to analyze the histologic and vascular anatomic properties of the FDP insertion site after transection and repair in a bone tunnel within the distal phalanx. Methods Twenty-six FDP tendon to bone repairs were performed in 13 adult mongrel dogs after insertion site transection. The tendons were repaired in a bone tunnel in the distal phalanx. Vascular analysis of the tendon and repair site was performed by using a modified Spalteholtz technique and routine hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to assess histologic properties of the repair. Results In normal specimens the vascular analysis showed that there was a distal network of vessels extending 1- to 2-cm proximal to the FDP insertion site. At 10 days after repair the distal tendon segment tendon remained avascular. By 21 days after repair there was proximal migration of an unorganized reticular network of tendon surface vessels with sparse intratendinous communications. At 6 weeks after repair the structure of the distal tendon vascular network resembled that of normals. The vascular response of the tendon within the bone tunnel followed a similar time frame. Histologic analysis showed an inflammatory reaction in the bone tunnel leading to a progressive degradation of that portion of the FDP tendon that resided in the tunnel. Tendon necrosis was not seen. Conclusions The FDP tendon, after insertion site transection and repair in a bone tunnel, undergoes a process of neovascularization and revascularization over a period of 6 weeks. There is a progressive loss of tendon parenchyma within the bone tunnel and the suture tracks appeared to serve as conduits for the ingrowth of inflammatory tissue. Restoration of the normal 4-zone tendon-bone interface was not seen. Although ex vivo biomechanical assessment of tendon repair in a bone tunnel appears promising, the repair response in vivo may not be favorable for tendon to bone healing. The progressive tendon degeneration that was observed here may have detrimental effects on repair site tensile properties, increasing the potential for early failure.
CHANGE IN INTERPERSONAL COGNITIVE COMPLEXITY AS A FUNCTION OF A TRAINING GROUP EXPERIENCE

Twenty-five Ss participated in 5-day training programs emphasizing self-awareness, sensitivity to others, and development of basic interviewing skills. Ss were administered the Bieri Cognitive Comp...
A novel fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF-1) mutant-collagen binding domain (CBD) fusion protein

Abstract Introduction: R136K is a protease-resistant mutant of the angiogen FGF-1 that was bound to a CBD to localize delivery and prolong bioavailability onto collagen matrices. The clinical aim is to induce re-endothelialization of injured intima. In vitro, R136K-CBD was added to canine jugular vein EC and canine carotid artery smooth muscle cell (SMC) cultures to evaluate mitogenic response. Methods: R136K was ligated to the CBD’s amino terminus and inserted as a plasmid into BL21 cells for induction. The chimera was isolated with chromatography and verified by amino acid sequencing. Using our standard proliferation assay cells were grown to 80% confluence, quiesced by serum starvation, and stimulated with FGF-1, R136K, or R136K-CBD in serial concentrations with and without heparin. H3-thymidine uptake over 24 hours was quantified and results were normalized as percent of positive control (20% FBS). The assay was repeated in duplicate for SMC and triplicate for EC. Results: EC response was significantly greater than SMCs at 0.6M with heparin (p 0.05). Conclusions: R136K-CBD retains its mitogenicity for EC and SMCs. Its EC specificity may decrease myointimal hyperplasia while promoting re-endothelialization. This chimera may induce EC proliferation on exposed vascular collagen after intimal injury and on bioengineered scaffolds that utilize collagen matrices.
The Dyslexia-Associated Gene Dcdc2 Is Required for Spike-Timing Precision in Mouse Neocortex

Background Variants in dyslexia-associated genes, including DCDC2 , have been linked to altered neocortical activation, suggesting that dyslexia associated genes might play as yet unspecified roles in neuronal physiology. Methods Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were used to compare the electrophysiological properties of regular spiking pyramidal neurons of neocortex in Dcdc2 knockout (KO) and wild-type mice. Ribonucleic acid sequencing and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction were performed to identify and characterize changes in gene expression in Dcdc2 KOs. Results Neurons in KOs showed increased excitability and decreased temporal precision in action potential firing. The RNA sequencing screen revealed that the N -methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunit Grin2B was elevated in Dcdc2 KOs, and an electrophysiological assessment confirmed a functional increase in spontaneous NMDAR-mediated activity. Remarkably, the decreased action potential temporal precision could be restored in mutants by treatment with either the NMDAR antagonist (2R)-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid or the NMDAR 2B subunit–specific antagonist Ro 25-6981. Conclusions These results link the function of the dyslexia-associated gene Dcdc2 to spike timing through activity of NMDAR.
Nonstandard arithmetic and recursive comprehension

First order reasoning about hyperintegers can prove things about sets of integers. In the author's paper Nonstandard Arithmetic and Reverse Mathematics, Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 12 (2006), it was shown that each of the \big ve" theories in reverse mathematics, in- cluding the base theory RCA0, has a natural nonstandard counterpart. But the counterpart RCA0 of RCA0 has a defect: it does not imply the Standard Part Principle that a set exists if and only if it is coded by a hyperinteger. In this paper we nd another nonstandard counterpart, RCA0 0 , that does imply the Standard Part Principle.
AVERY DULLES, TEACHING AUTHORITY IN THE CHURCH, AND THE ‘DIALECTICALLY TENSE’ MIDDLE: AN AMERICAN STRATEGIC THEOLOGY

Father Dulles is now largely thought by friend and foe alike to be one of the most forceful voices for a renewed orthodoxy in the Church. Liberals see him as having turned his back on his younger radicalism; like many an older man, they suggest, he has grown more conservative with age. His experiences with certain forms of liberal Catholicism, while not changing his ideas about the Church, seemed to have alerted him to their potential for disaster.1
Low Transition LFSR for BIST-Based Applications

This paper presents a low transition test pattern generator, called LT-LFSR, to reduce average and peak power of a circuit during test by reducing the transitions within randomtest pattern and between consecutive patterns. In other words, transitions are reduced in two dimensions, i.e. between consecutive patterns and bits. LT-LFSR is independent of circuit under test and flexible to be used for both BIST and scan-based BIST architectures. The experimental results for ISCAS85 and 89 benchmarks, con- firm up to 77% and 49% reduction in average and peak power, respectively.
It Takes a Black Candidate A Supply-Side Theory of Minority Representation

The ongoing underrepresentation of racial and ethnic minorities in most levels of office continues to warrant our attention. However, scholars have only focused on what factors contribute to the electoral success of minorities, without attention to a vital precursor—the supply of minority candidates. Using data from the Local Elections in America Project, this study provides one of the first glimpses into the supply side of minority representation, detailing how demographic, electoral, and political factors affect the likelihood a black candidate is on the ballot, and the subsequent impact on the likelihood of a black candidate winning.
Resource dynamics influence the strength of non‐consumptive predator effects on prey

Predators influence prey populations both by consuming individual prey, and by inducing changes in prey behaviour that limit reproduction and survival. Because prey trade-off predation risk for forageing gains, the magnitude of predators nonconsumptive effects should depend on resource availability. Studies of non-consumptive effects generally adopt either of two strategies: (i) maintaining a static ration of the preys resources; and (ii) using resource populations that vary dynamically in response to prey behaviour. Contrasting these experimental designs using meta-analysis, we evaluated whether resource dynamics influence the magnitude of non-consumptive effects on prey growth, survival, fecundity, population density, forageing rate and habitat use. Predators had a more negative effect on prey demography in dynamic- vs. static-resource experiments. Our results highlight the importance of resource dynamics in mediating the magnitude of non-consumptive effects of predators on prey, and illustrate the oftenunintended impacts of experimental design on estimates of effect size in ecological interactions.
Form and Ideology: Arabic Sociolinguistics and Beyond

▪ Abstract The aim of this review is to contribute to a dialogue between anthropologists and sociolinguists who work on the Arab world. One of the most distinctive features of the Arab world is that Classical Arabic co-exists with national vernaculars such as Egyptian, Syrian, Jordanian, and so on. The first is the language of writing, education, and administration, whereas the latter are the media of oral exchanges, nonprint media, poetry, and plays. The proximity or distance between the “Classical” and the “colloquials,” whether the latter are also “Arabic” or have been so accepting of foreign borrowings that they ceased to be so, whether they are languages or “inferior dialects” are all contentious issues that continue to be debated within the Arab world. In fact, such debates have become inseparable from the central concerns and dilemmas of social and intellectual movements in this century. After providing a broad outline of work in Arabic sociolinguistics, the review moves to the literature on educat...
The X-ray luminosity function of clusters of galaxies - Predictions from a thermal bremsstrahlung model

In the present paper, the luminosity function (LF) of X-ray emitting clusters is calculated for the case where the emission is thermal bremsstrahlung from a smooth hot intracluster gas. The main features of the LF and some conclusions are summarized.
Period Subdivisions in the Library of Congress Subject Headings System - Some Thoughts and Recommendations for the Future

This paper recognizes the limitations of the existing file of Library of Congress (LC) subject authority records for subject heading assignment and validation. It makes recommendations for a new file of machine-readable authority records for period subdivisions and for enhancements to the existing file of subject authority records. Recommended changes would enable online systems to assist in subject heading formulation and verify, with limited assistance by human intermediaries, the individual components of subdivided headings. The recommendations are timely in view of changes to the forms of period subdivisions that the Library of Congress is studying to facilitate the display of period subdivisions in chronological order. The availability of machine-readable authority records for most period subdivisions would enable online systems to automatically make changes to the forms of period subdivisions in bibliographic records using cross references for previously-used forms in the authority records for the n...
Narratives of Decline: Race, Poverty, and Youth in the Context of Postindustrial Urban Angst∗

We use the term narrative in this article in reference to a city's own story; that is, the social, political, and economic stories that are created and maintained, both locally and nationally, about its history and geography. Our goal here is to engage with some problematic aspects of the narrative of decline that key actors and institutions in Buffalo, New York, create for and about the city. To do this we take aim specifically at one of the foundational empirical claims of Buffalo's self-description: The city is shrinking and aging. Although we do not dispute the objective reality of the population numbers per se, we suggest that the narrative of decline that has been spun around Buffalo over the past fifty years is to some extent a racially based perspective. Evidence is also drawn from the cuts sustained locally in a recent county-level budget crisis, which disproportionately placed burdens on poor communities of color. Ultimately, we critique the ways that neoliberalism has saturated cities' collecti...
Pulse Oximetry: Uses and Abuses

Pulse oximetry has made a significant contribution to noninvasive monitoring in a wide variety of clinical situations. It allows for continuous reliable measurements of oxygen saturation while avoiding the discomfort and risks of arterial puncture. As the extent of hypoxic episodes during various procedures and clinical settings is better appreciated, the role of continuous noninvasive monitoring will undoubtedly expand. An understanding of the principles and technology of pulse oximetry will allow physicians to obtain maximal clinical benefit from its use.
The Nature and Predictors of Job Related Tension in a Crisis Situation: Reactions of Nuclear Workers to the Three Mile Island Accident

This study examines the nature of job tension among nuclear workers (N= 622) at Three Mile Island and a control plant during the TMI accident. Findings reveal three tension components (quantitative...
Invasive squamous-cell carcinoma in ThinPrep specimens: diagnostic clues in the cellular pattern.

Despite the increasing utilization of the ThinPrep® Pap Test (TP), limited data exist regarding the cytomorphologic features and patterns of invasive squamous-cell carcinoma in TP specimens. We analyzed a series of TP specimens from patients with histologically confirmed invasive squamous carcinomas of the cervix. Patients with biopsy-proven invasive squamous-cell carcinoma of the cervix with a TP cervical cytologic specimen within the previous 2 mo were identified. The TP slides were analyzed for overall cellularity (percent circle coverage by epithelial cells), tumor cellularity, tumor diathesis, inflammation, coexistent dysplasia, and keratinization. Tumor cellularity was defined as 50% of slide cellularity. In all 13 cases that were identified, a cytologic diagnosis of either invasive squamous-cell carcinoma or suspicious for invasive squamous-cell carcinoma was made. In 7/13 cases (54%), epithelial cells covered 40% of the slide circle in 6/13 cases (46%). Tumor cellularity covered 50% in 2/13 cases (15%). A tumor diathesis was present in 12/13 cases (92%). Inflammation was absent in 1/13 cases (8%), mild in 8/13 cases (62%), moderate in 2/13 cases (15%), and severe in 1/13 cases (8%). Coexistent dysplasia was identified in 12/13 cases (92%). Keratinization was identified in 9/13 specimens (69%). In the vast majority of patients, a diagnosis of squamous-cell carcinoma was rendered on the TP cervical specimen, despite a pattern of decreased cell coverage. It could be hypothesized that tumor diathesis and inflammation may be the etiology for decreased cellularity by blocking filter coverage by epithelial cells. This cellular pattern with diathesis in the ThinPrep® smear may be a useful clue to look carefully for diagnostic cells of squamous-cell carcinoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:1–4. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Handling big data on agent-based modeling of online social networks with mapreduce

There is an increasing interest on using Online Social Networks (OSNs) in a wide range of applications. Two interesting problems that have received a lot of attention in OSNs is how to provide effective ways to understand and predict how users behave, and how to build accurate models for specific domains (e.g., marketing campaigns). In this context, stochastic multi-agent based simulation can be employed to reproduce the behavior observed in OSNs. Nevertheless, the first step to build an accurate behavior model is to create an agent-based system. Hence, a modeler needs not only to be effective, but also to scale up given the huge volume of streaming graph data. To tackle the above challenges, this paper proposes a MapReduce-based method to build a modeler to handle big data. We demonstrate in our experiments how efficient and effective our proposal is using the Obama's Twitter network on the 2012 U.S. presidential election.
Changes in P-wave dispersion and P-wave duration after open heart surgery are associated with the peak incidence of atrial fibrillation

Abstract Background: Increased P-wave dispersion (P-disp) and maximum P-wave duration (P-max) predict the development of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the general population. The present study evaluates the time-dependent relationship of P-disp and P-max after open heart surgery. Methods And Results: P-disp and P-max were measured in the perioperative period of open heart surgery (one day before surgery through postoperative day 4). Compared with the baseline, P-max decreased immediately after open heart surgery (112.63 ± 7.4 ms vs 106.9 ± 8.2 ms, P =.005). An increase in P-disp was observed between postoperative days 1 and 2 (37.5 ± 6.8 ms vs 43.1 ± 4.5 ms, P P P Conclusions: Nonuniform atrial conduction (P-disp) is greatest on days 2 and 3 after open heart surgery, and the longest atrial conduction time (P-max) is greatest on day 3 after open heart surgery, findings that coincide with the time of greatest risk for AF. (Heart Lung ® 2001;30:466-71.)
Fungicidal testing of some organo-copper compounds†

Abstract A preliminary antimycotic test was performed using the Schamberg-Kolmer method as modified by McCrea. The results from this test suggested possible errors which might be corrected. The sources of these errors were analyzed and appropriate corrections were made. Eight organo-copper complexes with salicylic acid as the control were tested. With the exception of salicylic acid, their activity was found to be quite feeble. Variations in the p H of the dilutions of the compounds had no visible effect on their antimycotic activity. The actual testing technique, evolved from testing of the organo-copper complexes with salicylic acid as control, is described and it is suggested that the method would be satisfactory for testing other compounds for antimycotic activity.
Error control techniques for wireless ATM networks

Wireless ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) is an emerging technology where cells are transmitted over wireless channels and part(s) of the connection lies in the wireless network. This introduction of ATM in wireless environment creates many interesting challenges including how to deal with wireless links with possible high and variable error rates. The problem arises as ATM was designed for very low error rate environment and hence does not provide strong error control. This paper discusses error control schemes that can be used in wireless ATM networks. Several major issues including the overhead, delay and impact of an error control scheme on the quality of service are also discussed. The factors that need to be considered in selecting an appropriate error control technique for a certain environment are also identified.
A simple green process to recycle Si from crystalline-Si solar cells

Solar-grade Si can be recycled from end-of-life crystalline-Si solar cells and this recycled Si can be a new feedstock for growth of Si ingots. This study focuses on removing heavily-doped layers from crystalline-Si solar cells and extracting the Si base for recycling. The solar cells used in the study are commercial cells without the front Ag electrode. It is demonstrated that the heavily-doped layers can be removed within 30 min at 50°C, and over 90% of the Si in the original cells can be recovered. Our method is simple and green, involving only three chemicals, HCl, HF and NaOH. In addition, a technique to monitor the removal of the heavily-doped layers based on four-point probe is illustrated.
Comparative Studies on the Clinical Application of Upper Extremity Orthotics with Externally Powered Dvices in Rehabilitation of Quadriplegic Patients due to High Cervical Cord Injury

The upper extremity orthoses and externally powered flexor hinge splints available today for rehabilitation of quadriplegic patients due to high cervical cord injury with specific reference to the increase in their mobility and independence are comparatively discussed.In order to use wrist driven flexor hinge splint effectively, patients with spinal cord injury at C6 functional level (including the C5 level patients who had muscle transplant of brachioradialis to wrist extensors) must have power to lift at least 1.4kg of weight voluntarily and be able to hold it at 45 degrees of wrist extension. Since the muscles lose about a grade in case of transplant, brachioradialis should be at least GOOD to NORMAL in standard muscle testing for determining the surgical indication.In application of 4 different external power devices the following points are discussed.1) Electrophysiological splint has disadvantages of inconsistent performance due to the extreme fatigability of the paralyzed muscle although the strength of 2-3kg pinch is thought to be ideal.2) Flexor hinge splint with McKibben muscle has advantages of mechanical dependability and short period required for training, but has disadvantages of frequent filling of CO2 gas and the pinch can be too strong for anesthetic fingers.3) Flexor hinge splint with electric torque motor has an advantage of stopping the motor automatically according to the size of objects picked and simplicity of charging the battery overnight although the disadvantages include frequent mechanical repair and the switch control being affected by unstable postures as in the cases of McKibben muscle control.4) Flexor hinge splint with myoelectric control has a great advantage in increasing the mobility of C4 patients who are otherwise completely dependent and also the fact myoelectric control is not affected by unstable postures is considered as an advantage while the disadvantages include the problem in patients with excessive perspiration due to the usage of surface electrodes and the fairly long period required for training.At present stage, combined application of flexor hinge splint with myoelectric control and balanced forearm orthoses (BFO) is far superior to an electric arm with tongue control or multiple channel control using available muscles.