cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A cross-sectional survey assessing sources of movement-related fear among people with fibromyalgia syndrome.

Fear of movement may contribute to functional limitations and loss of well-being among individuals with fibromyalgia (FM). The objectives of this study were to assess factors contributing to movement-related fear and to explore relationships among these factors, function and wellness, in a widespread population of people with FM. This was an internet survey of individuals with FM. Respondents completed a battery of surveys including the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire—Revised (FIQR), Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK), Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC), Primary Care Posttraumatic Stress Disorder screen (PC-PTSD), Vertigo Symptom Scale (VSS-SF), a joint hypermobility syndrome screen (JHS), and screening questions related to obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD), physical activity, work status, and demographics. Analysis included descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlations, and linear regression. Over a 2-year period, 1,125 people (97.6 % female) completed the survey battery. Kinesiophobia was present in 72.9 % of the respondents, balance confidence was compromised in 74.8 %, PTSD likely in 60.4 %, joint hypermobility syndrome likely in 46.6 %, and OCPD tendencies in 26.8 %. The total FIQR and FIQR perceived function subscores were highly correlated (p 0.4) with pain, kinesiophobia, balance confidence, and vertigo. Reported activity level had poor correlation (r < 0.25) with all measured variables. Pain, ABC, VSS, and TSK predicted FIQR and FIQR-pf, explaining 65 and 48 % of the variance, respectively. Kinesiophobia, balance complaints, vertigo, PTSD, and joint hypermobility were common in this population of people with FM. Sources of movement-related fear correlated to overall wellness and perceived function as measured by the FIQR and FIQR-pf.
Neuropeptide Y depresses reflex urinary bladder contractions in rats and modifies central activity of opioid agonists

The 36 amino acid peptide neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been found distributed in central structures associated with nociception and the actions of opioid analgesics. We therefore studied its central actions on reflex bladder contractions which we have shown to be inhibited by supraspinal and spinal opioid administrations in urethane anesthetized rats. Neuropeptide Y produced a dose related (0.5-2 micrograms per rat) inhibition of bladder contractions following intracerebroventricular (ICV) and spinal intrathecal (IT) administrations. These effects could not be antagonized by naloxone (2 micrograms, ICV or IT) or by ICI 174,864 [N,N-diallyl-Tyr-Aib-Aib-Phe-Leu-OH: Aib = alpha-aminoisobutyric acid] (3 micrograms, ICV or IT). NPY (0.5-1 micrograms) reduced the ICV and IT effects of morphine but potentiated the action of the selective delta-receptor ligand [2-D-penicillamine, 5-L-penicillamine] enkephalin (DPLPE). The effect of the mu-selective opioid ligand [D-Ala2, Me-Phe4, Gly(ol)5] enkephalin (DAGO) were unaffected as were the submaximal ICV and IT actions of noradrenaline. It was concluded that NPY-induced inhibition of bladder activity was not due to a direct opioid receptor interaction. However since NPY consistently changed the activity of opioids (morphine and DPLPE), this suggested a possible physiological role in the regulation of opioid receptors, central neural excitability and thereby visceral activity.
Don Boyd's Aria: A narrative polyphony between music and image

Abstract Don Boyd's film Aria (1987) is an idiosyncratic work in the repertoire of opera‐film. While most opera‐films present an opera in its entirety, Aria consists of ten musical excerpts from ten different operas, each directed by a different director. In the visualization of operatic music, too, Aria is distinguished from other opera‐films in that the director of each opera episode created radically imaginative visuals unconstrained by the narratives of the source operas. In some episodes, the visual narrative seems completely separated from the narrative of the source opera. However, a close analysis of Ana's soundtrack reveals an intricate web between visual and musical narratives. This essay examines the surreptitious interplay between the visual text of the film and the musical and verbal texts of the source operas, showing how the visual narrative confirms or contradicts the operatic narrative despite the seeming rupture between the two planes of narrativity. The narrative polyphony between music...
Research networks, scientific communication, and the personal computer

Personal-computer-based communications media-electronic mail, bulletin boards, and computer conferencing-have great potential for integrating scholarly and scientific research networks. Research networks, or information organizations of faculty who share an interest in a research area, are central to scholarly and scientific progress. They have been critized, however, for their exclusion of young researchers and of faculty at isolated or low prestige institutions. Studies show that computer networking opens network access by obliterating social barriers and status distinctions. It has often been argued that, if used as a medium for research network communication, computer networking could democratize research networks. Personal computer information services designed for personal computer uses, as well as personal-computer-based bulletin board systems, represent the most promising avenue for research network communication owing to their low cost, flexibility, and egalitarian ethos.
When Job Candidates Are “Hard-” Versus “Easy-to-Get”: Effects of Candidate Availability on Employment Decisions1

Research on interpersonal attraction suggests that being elusive or “playing hard-to-get” is effective for increasing one's desirability and the likelihood of being selected as a dating partner. The following two studies explored the effects of this hard-to-get phenomenon in an employment decision setting. Both college students (Experiment 1) and professional recruiters (Experiment 2) reviewed application materials that conveyed that a candidate was either hard- (e. g., considering other job opportunities) or easy-to-get (e. g., not considering other opportunities) and then indicated their evaluations of these candidates. In both studies, being hard-to-get affected the interviewers’ judgments. However, this effect was moderated by the type of rationale given for being hard- or easy-to-get, as well as the objective qualifications (GPA) information. In addition, recruiter sex and candidate gender differences were explored. Male recruiters’ evaluations of application materials were more lenient than were females’ evaluations.
Translation is required for regulation of histone mRNA degradation

Abstract When DNA synthesis is inhibited, the mRNAs coding for the replication-dependent histone proteins are selectively destabilized. The histone genes have been altered and reintroduced into tk − mouse L cells by cotransfection with the herpesvirus thymidine kinase gene. Two features of the mRNA are necessary for regulation of degradation: first, the hairpin loop must be present at the 3′ end of the histone mRNA; and second, the histone mRNA must be capable of being translated to within 300 nucleotides of the 3′ end of the RNA. Polyadenylated histone mRNAs are stable, as are histone mRNAs that contain in-frame termination codons early in the coding region or 500 nucleotide 3′ untranslated regions with a normal hairpin loop at the 3′ end.
Manufacturing systems with forbidden early shipment: implications for choice of scheduling rules

SUMMARY Recent progress in manufacturing systems research has identified the feature of forbidding early shipment (FES) of orders as a prevalent characteristic of real systems. This report examines the implications of this feature on the choice of scheduling rules within a job shop. Simulation results of a simplified job shop reconfirm the superiority of the modified due date approach when the criterion is mean job tardiness. However, when the criterion is system inventory, the slack time per remaining operation ratio approach performs slightly better than modified due date. The shortest operation processing time yields very poor results in job shops that include the FES assumption.
Dynamic reordering of alternatives for definite logic programs

Due to their highly declarative nature and efficiency, tabled logic programming systems have been applied to solving many complex problems. Tabled logic programming is essential for extending traditional logic programming with tabled resolution. In this paper, we propose a new tabled resolution scheme, called dynamic reordering of alternatives (DRA) resolution, for definite logic programs. The scheme keeps track of the type of the subgoals during resolution; if the subgoal in the current resolvent is a variant of a former tabled subgoal, tabled answers are used to resolve the subgoal; otherwise, program clauses are used similar to SLD resolution. Program clauses leading to variant subgoals at runtime are dynamically reordered for further computation until the subgoals are completely evaluated. DRA resolution allows query evaluation to be performed in a depth-first, left-to-right traversal order similar to Prolog-typed SLD resolution, thus yielding a simple technique for incorporating tabled resolution in traditional logic programming systems. We show the correctness of DRA resolution.
Pressure and temperature dependence of electronic energy levels in PbSe and PbTe

Using recent highly accurate pseudopotential band structures of PbSe and PbTe, the variation of the smallest gap at $L$ with hydrostatic pressure and with temperature has been calculated. The experimental values of the pressure coefficient can well be reproduced assuming reasonable slopes of the pseudopotential-form-factor curves. Combining these values with experimental compressibility and thermal-expansion coefficients, the anharmonic part of the temperature coefficient has been evaluated and found to contribute about 50% to the total experimental temperature coefficient. The remaining contribution arising from electron-phonon interactions has been analyzed using Brooks-Yu and Fan-like scattering theory. While the inclusion of a Debye-Waller factor yields reasonable results for the $L$ gap in PbTe, it fails for the $\ensuremath{\Sigma}\ensuremath{-}L$ gap and it predicts a temperature coefficient of the opposite sign for PbSe. A detailed analysis of the PbSe discrepancy is presented. It is proposed that Fan-type intravalley and intervalley scattering can resolve the dilemma. First-order estimates for Fan-type scattering contributions are presented.
Preparation and use of a photoactivatable glucose-6-phosphate analogue

Abstract A benzophenone-containing derivative of glucose-6-phosphate, 6-[(3-([2,3-3H2]-p-benzoyl dihydrocinnamidoylpropyl-1-oxy)phosphoryl]- d -glucopyranose ([3H]BZDC-Glc-6-P) was synthesized and employed to photoaffinity label proteins on intact rat liver microsomes. The use of a non-photoactivatable, UV-transparent desoxy analogue of BZDC, named p-benzyldihydrocinnamoyl (BnDC), is introduced as a general method to achieve competition when hydrophilic ligands are modified with hydrophobic photophores.
Genomic Medicine and Incidental Findings: Balancing Actionability and Patient Autonomy

M.J.B., ter for Mayo .S.P.). I n March 2013, the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) released recommendations on how to handle incidental findings (IFs) for the clinical application of whole exome or whole genome sequencing (WES/WGS). The ACMG recommended that clinical laboratories “actively search,” evaluate, and report pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 56 genes and report these findings to the ordering clinician,who could then “contextualize any incidental findings for the patient in light of personal and family history, physical examination, and other relevant findings.” The 2013 recommendations did not provide guidance for laboratories to offer patients of any age the ability to opt out from the reporting of IFs. The 56 genes are associated with 24 genetic cardiovascular disorders or predisposition to cancers for which confirmatory diagnostic approaches are available as well as some preventive or treatment measures that can be offered. The ACMG recommended further that those who did not agree to learn of these IFs could choose to forego the entire test. These recommendations generated much controversy, most of which focused on patients’ ability to opt out of receiving unwanted results. Illustrating its commitment to participating in broad, public discussion, the ACMGBoard of Directors surveyed its membership in early 2014 to ascertain how the members viewed the 2013 recommendations. In addition, the ACMG surveyed attendees of the 2014 ACMG annual meeting. The responses suggest that most members support allowing informed patients to opt out of receiving information about some or all IFs (presented at the 2014 annual ACMG business meeting). The ACMG also held open forums to discuss the recommendations, including one at each of the 2013 and
An analysis of inelastic Reissner-Mindlin plates

Abstract A finite element analysis of elasto-viscoplastic Reissner-Mindlin plates is presented. The discrete field equations are derived from a nonlinear version of the Hu-Washizu variational principle. Associative plasticity, including linear hardening, is employed by means of a generalized von Mises-type yield function. A predictor/corrector scheme is used to integrate the plastic constitutive rate equations. Numerical simulations are conducted for a series of test problems to illustrate the performance of the formulation.
Thermooptic Coefficients of Some Standard Reference Material Glasses

The thermooptic coefficients, i.e., the change in refractive index with temperature (dn/dT), of four National Institute of Standards and Technology standard reference material (SRM) glasses have been measured over the range of 25° to 125°C. The thermooptic coefficients of all four glasses, NBS-710 (a soda-lime silicate), SRM-711 (a lead silicate), SRM-717 (a borosilicate), and SRM-739 (silica) are positive and range in value from 2 × 10−6/K to 9.8 × 10−6/K. The differences in the dn/dT of these glasses arise from differences in the coefficient of thermal expansion and the temperature coefficient of the electronic polarizability.
Unexpected relations between matrix elements of the three-body scalar operators ti in the f shell

Abstract It has been known for some time that crystal-field matrix elements (i.e., matrix elements of sums over spherical harmonics involving the coordinates of the individual electrons) are often unexpectedly proportional to one another in the f shell. To see whether similar relations hold for more complicated operators than those provided by the crystal field, we examined the matrix elements of the three-electron scalar operators ti for all configurations fN, as calculated by W. T. Carnall on the basis of the computer program of Hannah Crosswhite. These operators are widely used to take configuration interaction into account, and we found a surprising number of proportionalities that go beyond what would be expected on a straightforward application of the Wigner-Eckart theorem, as applied to the irreducible representations of the classic groups SO(7), G2 and SO(3) used by Racah in defining the f-electron states. A listing of such relations is provided.
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in pulmonary hypertension

Pulmonary vascular disease can be defined as either a disease affecting the pulmonary capillaries and pulmonary arterioles, termed pulmonary arterial hypertension, or a disease affecting the left ventricle, called pulmonary venous hypertension. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disorder of the pulmonary circulation characterized by endothelial dysfunction, as well as intimal and smooth muscle proliferation. Progressive increases in pulmonary vascular resistance and pressure impair the performance of the right ventricle, resulting in declining cardiac output, reduced exercise capacity, right-heart failure, and ultimately death. While the primary and heritable forms of the disease are thought to affect over 5000 patients in the United States, the disease can occur secondary to congenital heart disease, most advanced lung diseases, and many systemic diseases. Multiple studies implicate oxidative stress in the development of PAH. Further, this oxidative stress has been shown to be associated with alterations in reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathways, whereby bioavailable NO is decreased and ROS and RNS production are increased. Many canonical ROS and NO signaling pathways are simultaneously disrupted in PAH, with increased expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases and xanthine oxidoreductase, uncoupling of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), and reduction in mitochondrial number, as well as impaired mitochondrial function. Upstream dysregulation of ROS/NO redox homeostasis impairs vascular tone and contributes to the pathological activation of antiapoptotic and mitogenic pathways, leading to cell proliferation and obliteration of the vasculature. This paper will review the available data regarding the role of oxidative and nitrosative stress and endothelial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension, and provide a description of targeted therapies for this disease.
Mobile user classification and authorization based on gesture usage recognition

Intelligent mobile devices have been widely serving in almost all aspects of everyday life, spanning from communication, web surfing, entertainment, to daily organizer. A large amount of sensitive and private information is stored on the mobile device, leading to severe data security concern. In this work, we propose a novel mobile user classification and authorization scheme based on the recognition of user's gesture. Compared to other security solutions like password, track pattern and finger print etc., our scheme can continuously evolve for better protection during the usage cycle of the mobile device. Besides the regular interactive screen and sensors of modern mobile devices, our scheme does not require any additional hardware supports.
A survey of anonymity in wireless communication systems

Anonymity is an important security aspect of wireless communications and has continuously attracted significant attention. Implementing anonymity of mobile users not only protects their privacy but also reduces the chances of attacks based on impersonation; therefore security can be improved. Untraceability is a related issue to anonymity. If a user is traceable, its hidden identity can be revealed through profiling the activities associated to a user. In this paper, we conduct a survey on anonymity issues of wireless communication systems. We first discuss general issues of anonymity in wireless communication systems. Then we survey some protocols in the literature, which are designed for wireless mobile systems as well as wireless ad hoc networks. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonthermal acceleration from reconnection shocks

Reconnection shocks in a magnetically dominated plasma must be compressive. Nonthermal ion acceleration can occur across built-in slow shocks, and across outflow fast shocks when the outflow is supermagnetc and the field is line yield. Electron acceleration may be initiated by injection from the dissipation region. Reconnection and shock acceleration thus cooperate and nonthermal acceleration should be a characteristic feature.
Veterans Justice Outreach and Crisis Intervention Teams: A Collaborative Strategy for Early Intervention and Continuity of Care for Justice-Involved Veterans

Alternatives to incarceration are the shared mission of the Veterans Justice Outreach (VJO) program in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and the law enforcement community's Crisis Intervention Team (CIT). This article is unique as it presents a collaborative model of these two programs. Further, it outlines a strategy to facilitate care and services for military former service members who are unserved or underserved, or who may not readily identify as veterans. This innovative alliance has the potential to proactively engage former service members in treatment, optimize police intervention, and inform future research on justice-involved veterans.
Signal extraction in a power-recycled Michelson interferometer with Fabry–Perot arm cavities by use of a multiple-carrier frontal modulation scheme

We present a signal extraction scheme for longitudinal sensing and control of an interferometric gravitational-wave detector based on a multiple-frequency heterodyne detection technique. Gravitational-wave detectors use multiple-mirror resonant optical systems where resonance conditions must be satisfied for multiple degrees of freedom that are optically coupled. The multiple-carrier longitudinal-sensing technique provides sensitive signals for all interferometric lengths to be controlled and successfully decouples them. The feasibility of the technique is demonstrated on a tabletop-scale power-recycled Michelson interferometer with Fabry-Perot arm cavities, and the experimentally measured values of the length-sensing signals are in good agreement with theoretical calculations.
Ghrelin promotes pancreatic adenocarcinoma cellular proliferation and invasiveness

Introduction: Ghrelin, a newly described 28 amino acid peptide hormone, has potent orexogenic properties that are of interest in developing novel therapies for cancer cachexia. We tested the hypothesis that pancreatic adenocarcinoma, commonly associated with marked cachexia, is a ghrelin-responsive malignancy. Methods: PANC1, MIAPaCa2, BxPC3 and Capan2 pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells were cultured in the presence of 1 to 100nM ghrelin or control vehicle (PBS). Proliferation was determined at 4 days by cell counting and MTT assay. Expression of ghrelin and the functional ghrelin 1a receptor was determined by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. The effect of 10nM ghrelin on invasiveness was quantified in an 8μm pore Matrigel Boyden chamber assay and normalized to proliferation. Phosphorylation of Akt, a signal transduction molecule associated with pancreatic cancer invasiveness, was assessed using phospho-Akt (pAKT)-specific immunoblotting, and normalized to total Akt. Results: All cell lines expressed ghrelin 1a receptor mRNA and protein but none expressed ghrelin. Ghrelin treatment increased cellular proliferation (see graph, mean ± SD relative to control) and, at 10nM, increased cellular invasiveness (PANC1: 60 ± 5%, MIAPaCa2: 35 ± 3%, BxPC3: 30 ± 3% Capan2: 15 ± 3%. Mean % increase ± SD. P < 0.05) relative to control. Activating phosphorylation of Akt was increased by 10nM ghrelin in all cell lines. Conclusion: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a ghrelin-responsive malignancy. The use of ghrelin as a treatment for pancreatic cancer cachexia will require cautious evaluation. Download high-res image (70KB) Download full-size image
The duration of coronary occlusion influences adrenergic contributions to reperfusion ventricular arrhythmias.

To study the role of the adrenergic nervous system in the genesis of nonlethal reperfusion arrhythmias, the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for either 1 or 3 hours in 48 open-chest dogs anesthetized with alpha-chloralose. Heart rate was controlled (90 to 110 beats/min) by bilateral vagotomy and continuous right vagal stimulation. Dogs were treated with either saline, timolol (0.1 mg/kg), or prazosin (0.5 mg/kg) 15 minutes prior to reperfusion. Reperfusion after 1 hour of occlusion in saline-treated dogs evoked sustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (204±9 beats/min) that reverted to sinus rhythm by 15 minutes of reperfusion. The maximum rate of ventricular tachycardia was significantly reduced by both prazosin and timolol. Both drugs also caused about a 50% reduction in the total number of ectopic beats in the first 10 minutes of reperfusion. With a 3-hour occlusion, reperfusion in saline-treated dogs caused sustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (135±15 beats/min) which persisted for several hours. Neither timolol nor prazosin significantly altered the ventricular ectopic rate in these dogs. Furthermore, bilateral stellate transection, left stellate stimulation, isoproterenol (0.5 mg/kg), or methoxamine (100 ug/kg) all failed to alter the ventricular ectopic rate in the saline-treated dogs. Ventricular ectopy induced by reperfusion after a 1- or 3-hour occlusion was overdriven in all dogs by rapid atrial pacing. The results suggest that the nature of reperfusion-induced ventricular ectopy is highly dependent upon the preceeding duration of coronary occlusion. Whereas both alpha-1- and beta-adrenergic receptors appear to play an important role in the genesis of reperfusion-induced ectopy after a 1-hour occlusion, these receptors have little influence on reperfusion-induced ectopy after a 3-hour occlusion.
Rete mirabile medullae: vascular specialization of the avian brain stem.

Abstract A circumscribed vascular plexus is located between the conjoint proximal ganglion of cranial nerves IX–X and the lateral surface of the avian brain stem. Gross, light, and electron microscopic analyses reveal that this structure is a rete mirabile. This rete is unique in that it resides in the subarachnoid space where it is bathed by cerebrospinal fluid. Microscopic and ultrastructural studies document that the rete is composed of arterioles with wide luminal diameters, marginal folds project from the endothelial cells into the lumen of the blood vessel. The endothelial cells contain numerous pinocytotic vesicles. The underlying basal lamina is penetrated by myoendothelial junctions. One to three layers of smooth muscle cells comprise the tunica media. Bundles of unmyelinated nerve fibers course through the loose connective tissue encompassing the blood vessels.
Efficient evaluation of the valid-time natural join

Joins are arguably the most important relational operators. Poor implementations are tantamount to computing the Cartesian product of the input relations. In a temporal database, the problem is more acute for two reasons. First, conventional techniques are designed for the optimization of joins with equality predicates, rather than the inequality predicates prevalent in valid-time queries. Second, the presence of temporally-varying data dramatically increases the size of the database. These factors require new techniques to efficiently evaluate valid-time joins. The authors address this need for efficient join evaluation in databases supporting valid-time. A new temporal-join algorithm based on tuple partitioning is introduced. This algorithm avoids the quadratic cost of nested-loop evaluation methods; it also avoids sorting. Performance comparisons between the partition-based algorithm and other evaluation methods are provided. While the paper focuses on the important valid-time natural join, the techniques presented are also applicable to other valid-time joins. >
Thyroid Cancer Rates and 131I Doses from Nevada Atmospheric Nuclear Bomb Tests: An Update

Abstract Exposure to radioactive iodine (131I) from atmospheric nuclear tests conducted in Nevada in the 1950s may have increased thyroid cancer risks. To investigate the long-term effects of this exposure, we analyzed data on thyroid cancer incidence (18,545 cases) from eight Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) tumor registries for the period 1973–2004. Excess relative risks (ERR) per gray (Gy) for exposure received before age 15 were estimated by relating age-, birth year-, sex- and county-specific thyroid cancer rates to estimates of cumulative dose to the thyroid that take age into account. The estimated ERR per Gy for dose received before 1 year of age was 1.8 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.5–3.2]. There was no evidence that this estimate declined with follow-up time or that risk increased with dose received at ages 1–15. These results confirm earlier findings based on less extensive data for the period 1973–1994. The lack of a dose response for those exposed at ages 1–15 is inconsis...
Effect of field size on red - green color mixture equations

Red-green color mixture equations were measured in 10 color-normal observers for fields of view varying from 30' to 10 degrees. The G/R mixture decreases continuously as field size is increased. The data are consistent with the interpretation that the cone visual photopigments decrease exponentially in effective optical density as the field size is increased.
Optimizing the medium perfusion rate in bone tissue engineering bioreactors

There is a critical need to increase the size of bone grafts that can be cultured in vitro for use in regenerative medicine. Perfusion bioreactors have been used to improve the nutrient and gas transfer capabilities and reduce the size limitations inherent to static culture, as well as to modulate cellular responses by hydrodynamic shear. Our aim was to understand the effects of medium flow velocity on cellular phenotype and the formation of bone-like tissues in three-dimensional engineered constructs. We utilized custom-designed perfusion bioreactors to culture bone constructs for 5 weeks using a wide range of superficial flow velocities (80, 400, 800, 1,200, and 1,800 µm/s), corresponding to estimated initial shear stresses ranging from 0.6 to 20 mPa. Increasing the flow velocity significantly affected cell morphology, cell-cell interactions, matrix production and composition, and the expression of osteogenic genes. Within the range studied, the flow velocities ranging from 400 to 800 µm/s yielded the best overall osteogenic responses. Using mathematical models, we determined that even at the lowest flow velocity (80 µm/s) the oxygen provided was sufficient to maintain viability of the cells within the construct. Yet it was clear that this flow velocity did not adequately support the development of bone-like tissue. The complexity of the cellular responses found at different flow velocities underscores the need to use a range of evaluation parameters to determine the quality of engineered bone.
Automatic Brains—Interpretive Minds

The involvement of specific brain areas in carrying out specific tasks has been increasingly well documented over the past decade. Many of these processes are highly automatic and take place outside of conscious awareness. Conscious experience, however, seems unitary and must involve integration between distributed processes. This article presents the argument that this integration occurs in a constructive and interpretive manner and that increasingly complex representations emerge from the integration of modular processes. At the highest levels of consciousness, a personal narrative is constructed. This narrative makes sense of the brain's own behavior and may underlie the sense of a unitary self. The challenge for the future is to identify the relationships between patterns of brain activity and conscious awareness and to delineate the neural mechanisms whereby the underlying distributed processes interact.
Comparative cytoarchitectonic analysis of the human and the macaque ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and corticocortical connection patterns in the monkey

A comparison of the cytoarchitecture of the human and the macaque monkey ventrolateral prefrontal cortex demonstrated a region in the monkey that exhibits the architectonic characteristic of area 45 in the human brain. This region occupies the dorsal part of the ventrolateral prefrontal convexity just below area 9/46v. Rostroventral to area 45 in the human brain lies a large cortical region labelled as area 47 by Brodmann. The ventrolateral component of this region extending as far as the lateral orbital sulcus has architectonic characteristics similar to those of the ventrolateral prefrontal region labelled by Walker as area 12 in the macaque monkey. We designated this region in both the human and the monkey ventrolateral prefrontal cortex as area 47/12. Thus, area 47/12 designates the specific part of the zone previously labelled as area 47 in the human brain that has the same overall architectonic pattern as that of Walker's area 12 in the macaque monkey brain. The cortical connections of these two areas were examined in the monkey by injecting fluorescent retrograde tracers. Although both area 45 and area 47/12 as defined here had complex multimodal input, they could be differentiated in terms of some of their inputs. Retrograde tracers restricted to area 47/12 resulted in heavy labelling of neurons in the rostral inferotemporal visual association cortex and in temporal limbic areas (i.e. perirhinal and parahippocampal cortex). In contrast, injections of tracers into dorsally adjacent area 45 demonstrated strong labelling in the superior temporal gyrus (i.e. the auditory association cortex) and the multimodal cortex in the upper bank of the superior temporal sulcus.
The control of protein stability and association by weak interactions with water: how do solvents affect these processes?

CONTENTS PERSPECTIVES AND OVERVIEW •.........•..•• 67 THERMODYNAMIC CONTROL OF EQUILIBRIA BY COSOLVENTS .. ... ... 70 RELATION BETWEEN PREFERENTIAL INTERACTIONS AND MOLECULAR CONTACTS ....•.•..... 76 EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS; APPLICATIONS 81 Denaturants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Stabilization: Salting-Out . .... .. 84 Sources of Preferential Exclusions: Stabilization or Not? ....... ... ..... . . . .. .. ... . .. . . . . . . . . ... .. 85 BALANCE BETWEEN COSOLVENT BINDING AND EXCLUSION .... .... ..... . . . . . ... . . . ... ......... 89 COMPENSATION, OSMOLYTES 92 CONCLUSIONS . . . .. . .... ... . 94
The bridge from ethics to public policy: implications for occupational therapy practitioners.

and disability public policies. Application of this document involves critical analysis of policy issues enabling therapists to come to their own positions. Therapists do not necessarily need to support the AOTA position about a particular policy, or any another suggested position. However, they do need to apply clinical reasoning to arrive at a position that they can defend ethically. The Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (1997) (Pub. L. 105-117) will be used as an exemplar for this discussion. In the first section of the paper, we present a brief history of the IDEA as a foundation for further discussion. Understanding the history of a public policy helps to develop a broader perspective about the issues influencing legislation. In the second section we discuss how the Occupational Therapy Code of Ethics (AOTA, 2000) can be applied to understand and critically analyze ethical issues with the IDEA or with any public policy. The last section includes a list of reflective questions to help therapy practitioners critically analyze the ethical issues of public policy.
STAT3 silencing for enhanced sensitivity of malignant glioma cells to carmustine

Malignant glioma, the most common type of primary central nervous system (CNS) cancer, has consistently proven unresponsive to chemotherapy. This is due partly to the physiological barriers in place to protect the brain from outside infection and partly due to the changes in gene expression that typify pathogenesis in glioma. One example of such a change in gene expression is the constitutive activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3). Constitutively activated STAT3 expression is prevalent in glioma; furthermore, evidence exists that shows the level of STAT3 expression may be positively correlated with the grade of the cancer [5]. In this work, the human glioma cell lines A172 and U87 were tested for their expression of STAT3. Once it was determined that both cell lines showed significant STAT3 expression, the cells were assayed to determine whether knockdown of STAT3 alone has an effect on cell viability as well as whether it increases the cells' response to carmustine, an alkylator type chemotherapeutic. The knockdown of STAT3 through the use of short interfering RNAs was found to decrease the viability of both U87 and A172 glioma cell lines in vitro, and further to increase their sensitivity to carmustine.
Linking Resident Satisfaction to Staff Perceptions of the Work Environment in Assisted Living: A Multilevel Analysis

Purpose: Thisstudyexaminestherelationshipbetween resident satisfaction and staff perceptions of the work environment in assisted living. Staff perceptions were assessedatthefacilitylevel,usingaggregatemeasures of staff job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and views of organizational culture. Design and Methods: The sample included 335 residents and 298 staff members in 43 assisted living facilities. Data were collected by means of self-administered questionnaires. Two-level hierarchical linear models were usedtotestthehypotheses.Withresidentage,gender, and education controlled for, the relationships between resident satisfaction (Level 1 variable) and staff perceptionsoftheworkenvironment(Level2variables) wereassessed. Results: Greaterresidentsatisfaction in the facility was associated with higher staff job satisfaction and more positive staff views of organizational culture (e.g., greater teamwork and participation in the decision making). From resident characteristics, only education was significantly relatedtosatisfaction.Moreeducatedresidentswereless satisfied with assisted living. Implications: These findings suggest that a good quality of work environment for the staff contributes to a better quality of care for the residents. More research is needed to examine
Crystallization of Precursors to Forsterite and Chromium‐Doped Forsterite

The pyrolysis and crystallization of poly(methacrylate) precursors and xerogels of forsterite and chromium- doped forsterite were studied by in situ high-temperature, dynamic X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. For both types of precursor, crystallization of forsterite occurred at lower temperature when doped with chromium. Also, exotherms above 700° C occurred 50°C lower when chromium was present. When residual carbon in the xerogels was more than ∼ 1%, an unidentified crystalline intermediate phase formed at ∼ 800° C. Conversion of the intermediate phase to forsterite was easier than amorphous material. Thus, full crystallinity was attained at a lower temperature when the xerogels had some residual carbon
How have employers responded to health reform in Massachusetts? Employees' views at the end of one year.

ABSTRACT: In April 2006, Massachusetts enacted legislation that seeks to move the state to near-universal health insurance coverage, with key components of the reform effort targeting the role of e...
Concomitant progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy and primary central nervous system lymphoma expressing JC virus oncogenic protein, large T antigen

This report describes the concomitant occurrence of the JC virus (JCV) induced demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) and a primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNS-L) in a patient with AIDS. Postmortem neuropathological examination revealed characteristic features of PML including multiple lesions of demyelination, enlarged oligodendrocytes with hyperchromatic nuclei (many containing eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions), and enlarged astrocytes with bizarre hyperchromatic nuclei. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated the expression of the JCV capsid protein VP-1 in the nuclei of infected oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. The PCNS-L lesion located in the basal ganglia was highly cellular, distributed perivascularly, and consisted of large atypical plasmacytoid lymphocytes. Immunohistochemical examination of this neoplasm identified it to be of B cell origin. Moreover, expression of the JCV oncogenic protein, T antigen, was detected in the nuclei of the neoplastic lymphocytes. This study provides the first evidence for a possible association between JCV and PCNS-L.
FlyExpress: visual mining of spatiotemporal patterns for genes and publications in Drosophila embryogenesis

Summary: Images containing spatial expression patterns illuminate the roles of different genes during embryogenesis. In order to generate initial clues to regulatory interactions, biologists frequently need to know the set of genes expressed at the same time at specific locations in a developing embryo, as well as related research publications. However, text-based mining of image annotations and research articles cannot produce all relevant results, because the primary data are images that exist as graphical objects. We have developed a unique knowledge base (FlyExpress) to facilitate visual mining of images from Drosophila melanogaster embryogenesis. By clicking on specific locations in pictures of fly embryos from different stages of development and different visual projections, users can produce a list of genes and publications instantly. In FlyExpress, each queryable embryo picture is a heat-map that captures the expression patterns of more than 4500 genes and more than 2600 published articles. In addition, one can view spatial patterns for particular genes over time as well as find other genes with similar expression patterns at a given developmental stage. Therefore, FlyExpress is a unique tool for mining spatiotemporal expression patterns in a format readily accessible to the scientific community. Availability: http://www.flyexpress.net Contact: ude.usa@ramuk.s
A lower bound on navigation error for marine robots guided by ocean circulation models

This paper establishes the method of controlled Lagrangian particle tracking (CLPT) to analyse the offsets between physical positions of marine robots in the ocean and simulated positions of controlled particles in an ocean model. This offset (which we term CLPT error) has characteristics that are not previously seen in free-drifting ocean sampling platforms with no active control. CLPT error growth over time is exponential until it reaches a turning point that depends only on the resolution of the ocean model, after which the error growth is bounded by polynomial functions of time. In the ideal case, a theoretical lower bound on the steady-state CLPT error can be derived. These characteristics are proved theoretically for particles moving in a planar flow field. The method of CLPT may be applied to improve the accuracy of ocean circulation models and navigation performance of marine robots.
The neural correlates of theory of mind within interpersonal interactions

Tasks that engage a theory of mind seem to activate a consistent set of brain areas. In this study, we sought to determine whether two different interactive tasks, both of which involve receiving consequential feedback from social partners that can be used to infer intent, similarly engaged the putative theory of mind neural network. Participants were scanned using fMRI as they played the Ultimatum Game (UG) and the Prisoner's Dilemma Game (PDG) with both alleged human and computer partners who were outside the scanner. We observed a remarkable degree of overlap in brain areas that activated to partner decisions in the two games, including commonly observed theory of mind areas, as well as several brain areas that have not been reported previously and may relate to immersion of participants in real social interactions that have personally meaningful consequences. Although computer partners elicited activation in some of the same areas activated by human partners, most of these activations were stronger for human partners.
Glass hybrid OPCPA scale test bed laser

The Glass Hybrid OPCPA Scale Test bed (GHOST) Laser combines OPCPA with two types of Glass amplifiers to reduce gain narrowing and allow compression of a glass amplified pulse to almost 100 fs.
Comparative anatomy of core-complex development in the northeastern Great Basin, U.S.A.

Three metamorphic core complexes, Ruby Mountains-East Humboldt Range (R-EH), Albion MountainsRaft River Mountains-Grouse Creek Mountains (A-RR-GC), and Snake Range (SR) are exposed in the northeastern Great Basin (Nevada, Utah, and Idaho). Their structural, magmatic, and metamorphic histories are synthesized and compared to evaluate fundamental tectonic processes in this area in which large-magnitude crustal contraction was followed by large-magnitude crustal extension. Throughout the region, contraction and magmatism began in the Late Jurassic, and in the R-EH and SR areas culminated at ~80–90 Ma. The A-RR-GC core complex experienced multiple episodes of Late Cretaceous tectonic denudation beginning at ~105 Ma, and it records no Mesozoic magmatism, apparently due to an infertile lower crust. The R-EH core complex also underwent tectonic denudation in latest Cretaceous/early Tertiary time. This illustrates the importance of syncontractional adjustments to thickened orogenic wedges and that these adjustments need not occur simultaneously throughout an orogen. Syncontractional extension and denudation in the A-RR-GC and R-EH areas also limited the amount, extent, and distribution of subsequent Tertiary extension. Eocene magmatism was immediately followed by an intense pulse of crustal extension in all three areas. However, late Oligocene and early Miocene extension throughout the region was diachronous and was not always coincident with a widespread mid-Oligocene magmatic event, suggesting that Oligocene magmatism and extension are not entirely linked. The magnitude of tectonic denudation in the R-EH and SR core complexes varies along the strike of the core complex. In the R-EH area, this variation may be due to the restriction of Late Cretaceous(?) and middle Eocene episodes of extension to the northern part of the core complex. In the SR core complex this variation may be the result of a lateral ramp in the structural surface of the Snake Range decollement. These intra-core complex variations in tectonic denudation appear to be partly accommodated by solid-state flow of the lower crust into regions of high mid- to upper-crustal extension, and they require a complex, three-dimensional pattern of lower-crustal redistribution and magmatism. Oppositely ver gent extensional fault systems in the A-RR-GC metamorphic core complex may have developed because the rigid Archean lower crust in this area could not flow into highly extended domains.