cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A technique of measuring and correcting emittance dilutions due to accelerator structure misalignments

Abstract This paper describes a method of reducing the transverse emittance dilution in linear colliders due to transverse wakefields arising from misaligned accelerator structures. The technique is a generalization of the Wake-Free [T.O. Raubenheimer, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 306 (1991) 61] correction algorithm. The structure errors are measured locally by varying the bunch charge and/or bunch length and measuring the change in the beam trajectory. The structure errors can then be corrected by varying the trajectory or moving the structures. The results of simulations are presented demonstrating the viability of the technique.
VPC3: a fast and effective trace-compression algorithm

Trace files are widely used in research and academia to study the behavior of programs. They are simple to process and guarantee repeatability. Unfortunately, they tend to be very large. This paper describes vpc3, a fundamentally new approach to compressing program traces. Vpc3 employs value predictors to bring out and amplify patterns in the traces so that conventional compressors can compress them more effectively. In fact, our approach not only results in much higher compression rates but also provides faster compression and decompression. For example, compared to bzip2, vpc3's geometric mean compression rate on SPECcpu2000 store address traces is 18.4 times higher, compression is ten times faster, and decompression is three times faster.
Interfacial energetics in the TD-nickel and TD-nichrome systems

The absolute (mean) interfacial free energies are measured in thoria-dispersed (2 vol %) (TD)-nickel and the TD-nichrome (Ni-20% Cr) systems at 1200° C utilizing techniques of scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy. Values of particle/matrix interfacial energies for TD-NiCr and TD-Ni were measured at 2300 and 2000 erg cm−2 respectively based upon measured values of 2040 and 2200 erg cm−2 for the surface free energies for nichrome (80∶20 NiCr) and pure nickel respectively, by the method of zero creep and the measurement of grain-boundary groove angles in the electron microscope. Values of 900 erg cm−2 and 1040 erg cm−2 were measured for the surface and grain-boundary free energies for thoria (ThO2). The particle/matrix adhesive energy for TD-nichrome was measured to be roughly half that for the TD-nickel system based upon the classical interfacial adhesion concept. It is concluded that the apparent difference in particle/matrix interfacial strength between TD-nickel and TD-nichrome results by a more complex mechanism than simple interfacial decohesion involving phase separation.
The effect of prepollination injection with stigmatic exudate on interspecific pollen tube growth in Lilium longiflorum thunb. styles

Abstract Prepollination injection of Lilium longiflorum styles with exudate from the stigmas of L. longiflorum significantly increased the length of pollen tubes normally inhibited by short-growth unilateral interspecific incompatibility (UI). However, stigmatic exudate injection had no effect on nor significantly retarded pollen tube growth of lily species expressing reciprocal interspecific incompatibility with L. longiflorum . These results suggest that the inhibition of short-growth pollen tubes in unilateral incompatible combinations is achieved through a different process than the inhibition-limiting pollen tube growth in reciprocal interspecific incompatibility.
A simple paralleling template for precision attachments.

Abstract A simple inexpensive acrylic resin plate with prefabricated metal inserts is used to guide the preparation of teeth for the proximal ☐es that receive the female parts of precision attachments. This guide is for planned parallelism, depth, width, and length of the proximal ☐es.
Application of nonlinear mapping theory to commodity price fluctuatuions

Abstract The cobweb model of price stability with lagged price elasticities is extended to include nonlinear terms. The result falls within nonlinear mapping models such as the logistics map. Nonlinearities prevent the unbounded oscillation predicted from the unstable linear cobweb, but the price time series may exhibit chaotic (unpredictable) endogenous fluctuations. The theory is applied to the U.S. crude oil market. Regressing consumption against price gives lagged elasticities greater than current elasticities, indicating linear instability. This instability is seen in a mapping model of the price time series. Predictions of the model are given both with and without nonlinear terms, indicating large continuing endogenous price fluctuations.
EFFECTS OF MORPHINE ON CANINE INTESTINAL ABSORPTION AND BLOOD FLOW

Abstract 1 Intestinal absorption and blood flow were determined in anaesthetized fed or fasted dogs following rapid intravenous injections of morphine (0.01, 0.1, 1 mg/kg). 2 3H2O and 22Na were used to determine the unidirectional fluxes of Na+ and H2O from saline perfused through the ileal lumen and the clearances of 3H2O were used to determine total and absorptive site blood flow. 3 Net Na+ and H2O absorption were increased at each dose of morphine in fed but not in fasted dogs, due primarily to increased absorptive fluxes. 4 Arterial pressure was decreased by morphine but mesenteric vein pressure was little affected. Absorptive site blood flow was increased by morphine due to decreased blood flow resistance but total blood flow resistance was little affected by morphine. 5 The absorptive fluxes of Na+ and H2O were correlated with absorpitve site blood flow in both fed and fasted animals. The secretory fluxes of Na+ and H2O were correlated with estimated capiliary pressure in fasted dogs but morphine decreased the the secretory fluxes at a given capillary pressure in dogs which had been fed. 6 Naloxone (0.12 mg, i.v.) reversed the effects of morphine. The effects of morphine on the gut were reversed more slowly than on systemic blood pressure. 7 It was concluded that morphine can increase net absorption in fed dogs by a selective increase in intestinal absorptive site blood flow and thus increase absorptive fluxes by a washout effect but that there is also an epithelial effect, sensitized by feeding, which reduces the secretory fluxes of Na+ and H2O.
Confessing Culture: Politics and the Self in the Poetry of Sylvia Plath and Diary Poetics: Form and Style in Writers' Diaries, 1915–1962

Confessing Culture: Politics and the Self in the Poetry of Sylvia Plath LISA NARBESHUBER Victoria, ELS Editions, 2009 xxii + 103 pp., ISBN: 987-1-5505-8385-4, $18.00 pb Diary Poetics: Form and Styl...
Criticism and response in the Skinner controversies.

Twentieth-century historians and philosophers of science generally agree that controversy is integral to scientific method and development (see Kuhn, 1962; Toulmin, 1972). Psychologists, too, have recognized the role of controversy in scientific progress. Edwin G. Boring, for instance, wrote in 1929, "The history of science, like Hegel's view of the history of thought, is one long series of theses, set off by ardently advocated antitheses, with ultimate syntheses terminating controversy and marking a step forward. This picture, it seems to me, holds, not only for speculative, philosophical psychology, but also for the most rigorously observational work. Controversy has always been part of the method of science" (Boring, 1929/1963, p. 68). Discipline-wide controversies among scientists most frequently develop when strategic intellectual agreements in a discipline are questioned or when these strategic agreements have significant implications for social policy. In the sciences, strategic agreements concern elements in what historian of science Thomas Kuhn calls the dominant "paradigm" or "matrix" of a discipline. Disagreements about metaphysical or cosmological assumptions, research methodologies and explanatory models, and values and goals are at the heart of major scientific debates. Because permanent theoretical plurality characterizes science (see Hesse, 1980), disagreements about these issues cannot be resolved through appeal to formal logic or empirical evidence. Instead, choice between these options requires judgment on the basis of both scientific and nonscientific values and purposes. Philosopher of science Stephen Toulmin writes, for instance, "A dispute over intellectual strategies is thus a dispute for which no established decision pro-
Sexual risk behaviors among youth in the child welfare system

This study uses data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW) to provide estimates of sexual risk behaviors for 877 youth, age 11-14 at baseline, in the child welfare system. It examines the association between baseline psychosocial risk and protective factors on engagement in sexual risk behaviors after 36 months. It further compares rates of sexual risk behaviors between youth placed in out-of-home care and those who remained with their biological family. Key findings include a high rate of pregnancy, a high percentage of youth who initiated sexual activity at or before age 13 as well as a limited role of protective factors in moderating sexual risk behaviors. A history of placement into out-of-home care is not significantly associated with greater engagement in sexual risk behaviors. Implications for intervention development and child welfare policy for this population are discussed.
Inhibition of normal allogeneic lymphocyte mitogenesis by a factor released from human tumor cells in culture

Human tumor and normal cell lines in culture were examined for the release of factors capable of inhibiting lymphocyte blastogenesis. Supernatants from tumor cell cultures of melanoma, carcinoma (lung, colon, breast), sarcoma, and normal fibroblasts inhibited normal lymphocyte response to PHA. Only supernatants from the tumor cell lines C1 (colon carcinoma), 734B (breast carcinoma), and 231 (breast carcinoma) were found to inhibit both PHA and ConA responses significantly. The two breast carcinoma cell lines, 734B and 231, which also were capable of inhibiting lymphocyte responses to PPD and alloantigens, were investigated further. The inhibition of lymphocyte blastogenesis caused by the supernatant of these two cell lines could not be overcome by the addition of added mitogen. Further experiments showed that the inhibition was not due to nutrient deficiencies and the supernatants were not directly toxic to the lymphocyte cultures as judged by trypan blue exclusion.
A column chromatographic method for the determination of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid in cerebrospinal fluid.

Abstract A method is described for measurement of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) in cerebrospinal fluid. 5-HT and 5-HIAA are isolated from columns of Biorex BR-70 and Sephadex G-10 with recoveries of 85 and 89% respectively. The indoles are quantitated by fluorometric measurement of the ortho -phthaldialdehyde derivatives in acidic solution. Correction for interfering 5-methoxytryptamine and 5-methoxyindole acetic acid is accomplished by a second measurement at alkaline pH. Thin-layer chromatographie analysis of column eluates has revealed no other interfering indoles in the 5-HT and 5-HIAA fractions. Preliminary results in normal cerebrospinal fluid samples have been in the ranges 10–60 ng/ml 5-HIAA and 0–13 ng/ml 5-HT.
Modeling the Encephalopathy of Prematurity in Animals: The Important Role of Translational Research

Translational research in preterm brain injury depends upon the delineation of the human neuropathology in order that animal models faithfully reiterate it, thereby ensuring direct relevance to the human condition. The major substrate of human preterm brain injury is the encephalopathy of prematurity that is characterized by gray and white matter lesions reflecting combined acquired insults, altered developmental trajectories, and reparative phenomena. Here we highlight the key features of human preterm brain development and the encephalopathy of prematurity that are critical for modeling in animals. The complete mimicry of the complex human neuropathology is difficult in animal models. Many models focus upon mechanisms related to a specific feature, for example, loss of premyelinating oligodendrocytes in the cerebral white matter. Nevertheless, animal models that simultaneously address oligodendrocyte, neuronal, and axonal injury carry the potential to decipher shared mechanisms and synergistic treatments to ameliorate the global consequences of the encephalopathy of prematurity.
Effect of Dietary Fiber on Endogenous Cholesterol Synthesis in Infants† 1521

Cholesterol (chol) content of infant diet varies with human milk providing≈150 mg/dl vs 11 mg/dl in commercial (Similac) infant formula. Endogenous chol fractional synthesis rate (FSR) is significantly lower in human milk vs formula fed infants (Pediatr Res 1994;35:135). Dietary fiber decreases chol absorption in adults. Parents often begin solids before the AAP- recommended 4-6 months (mon) of age, but metabolic effects of infant feeding practices are unknown. We conducted a pilot study to test the hypothesis that addition of dietary fiber to infant diet would result in higher chol FSR.Methods: 12 male term infants were fed SMA formula (chol 33mg/dl) to 1 yr of age. Subjects were randomized to begin barley cereal 8 Tbs/d (1.5g fiber/d) at the start of the 4th or 6th mon. Growth, dietary intake by 4-day records, serum chol and lipoproteins, & FSR were measured after 4 & 12 mon of age. FSR was measured using deuterium enrichment of erythrocyte membrane chol over a 4-day period (J Lipid Res 1991;32:1049). Nonparametric statistics were used. Results: There were no significant differences between groups for weight, intake, lipid, or FSR analyses. Median chol intake& synthesis rates are shown in the Table. Conclusion: In this pilot study of infants with moderate chol intake, earlier addition of dietary fiber resulted in a trend toward higher endogenous chol FSR that persisted beyond the dietary intervention.Speculation: Chol FSR during infancy may be responsive to early diet, which may have life-long implications for chol metabolism and cardiovascular disease risk. These pilot data may be used to design definitive studies of infant diet & cholesterol metabolism.
Protein Requirement of Growing Turkeys

Abstract Two experiments were conducted with Marston Broadwhite turkeys in order to determine the protein requirement of growing turkeys between six and 12 weeks of age. In each experiment eight replicate pens of ten unsexed poults each received a diet containing either 20, 22, 24, or 26 percent protein. All diets were calculated to be isocaloric and to contain equal amounts of calcium and total phosphorus. Body weight gains were significantly improved as the protein level increased to 24 percent. The 26 percent level provided no additional significant or numerical gain response. The 22 percent protein diet afforded a significant reduction in the feed/gain ratio over that resulting from the 20 percent level. Although the 24 percent protein diet again decreased the feed/gain ratio, the reduction was not found to be statistically significant. From these data it would appear that the dietary protein requirement of the Marston Broadwhite turkey was approximately 24 percent with a dietary energy level of 2,988 kilocalories of metabolizable energy per kilogram of diet and a resulting calorie-protein ratio value of 57:1.
A Model of Replication

A one-dimensional array of finite-state machines is being considered as a model for sequence replication. The authors consider the initial state of the first k machines in the array as representing the sequence of k symbols to be replicated along the array. A construction scheme is developed which allows for such replication to take place. It is also shown that the speed of replication approaches synchronous speed.
Nonparametric Variable Selection for Predictive Models and Subpopulations in Clinical Trials.

Most clinical trials have heterogeneous treatment effect among patient individuals. It is desirable to identify a patient subpopulation, which has a stronger treatment effect than the rest of patients, so that researchers will be able to determine who will benefit the most or the least from the treatment and design treatment strategies accordingly. This paper develops a nonparametric method for predicting clinical response and identifying subpopulations. The method first selects predictors using kernel-based local regression and a forward procedure via F-tests. It then defines subpopulations with enhanced treatment effects based on the selected predictors and the nonparametric model of the clinical response. Simulation examples and a pharmacogenomics study of bortezomib in multiple myeloma demonstrate the proposed method and show favorable performances compared to other existing methods. The proposed method provides an alternative way to define subpopulations and is not limited by parametric models and th...
Comparison of preoperative 10-Hz visual evoked potentials to contrast sensitivity and visual acuity after cataract extraction.

Cataract patients whose surgical outcomes were in question were referred for testing by visual evoked potentials, elicited through closed eyelids by a luminance stimulus (flash) that appeared 10 times per second. Visual evoked potentials were rated as normal (predicted acuity of 20/50 or better) or abnormal (predicted acuity of 20/60 or worse). Postoperative Arden and Optronix contrast sensitivities and visual acuities were determined in 37 patients who had no intraoperative or early postoperative complications. Arden grating scores of less than 100 were rated as normal. The optimal and cutoff spatial frequency values were determined for the Optronix scores. Optimal and cutoff values of greater or equal to 1 c/deg and 12 c/deg, respectively, were rated as normal. Visual acuities were considered normal at 20/50 or better. Preoperative visual evoked potentials were quantitatively compared to the postoperative contrast sensitivities and visual acuities by 2 × 2 contingency tables. The accuracy of prediction was 79% for the visual acuities, 62% for the Optronix optimal values, 70% for the Optronix cutoff values and 62% for the Arden gratings.
Differences in deep convective transport characteristics between quasi‐isolated strong convection and mesoscale convective systems using seasonal WRF simulations

We utilize the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with chemistry to simulate mass transport during the 2007 convective season in the U.S. Southern Great Plains at convection-allowing scale. Resolved storms are classified using an object-based classification scheme. This scheme uses model-derived radar reflectivity to classify storm type as quasi-isolated strong convection (QISC) or mesoscale convective system (MCS). Differences between QISCs and MCSs are investigated by analysis of two transport parameters for each convective object: the level of maximum detrainment (LMD) and the detrainment mass flux. Analysis of the mean LMD showed differences between the two regimes is statistically significantly different in May, as the mean QISC LMD is 440 m higher than the mean MCS LMD in May, and statistically insignificant in July where the mean QISC LMD is only 350 m higher. The detrainment flux per deeply convective object showed statistically significant differences between the two regimes in both May (MCS 4.8 times greater than QISC) and July (MCS 6.8 times greater than QISC). Over the entire study period, MCS storms accounted for 72% of the total mass detrainment, even though QISCs were twice as common as MCSs. However, differences in the detrainment flux per unit area of deep convection showed that QISCs exhibited stronger flux (1.1 times greater) than MCSs in both months. Analysis of tropopause-relative LMDs showed that QISCs detrained the maximum amount of mass closer to the tropopause altitude than MCSs for both months. However, only in May is the difference statistically significant (430 m closer).
Tests of scaling of the proton electromagnetic structure functions

Abstract Deep-inelastic structure functions W 1 and W 2 have been extracted from electron-proton scattering cross sections that were measured in recent experiments at SLAC. The structure functions display deviations from scaling in the variable ω in the kinetic range 1.5 ⩽ ω ⩽ 3.0 and 2 ⩽ Q 2 ⩽ 15 GeV 2 .
The future of immigrant incorporation: Which models? Which concepts?

The paper examines the usefulness of various theoretical approaches for understanding the causes and consequences of international migration in the 1990s. Extant ideas are considered in three periods each with its own characteristic approach: the classical represented by push and pull and assimilation perspectives; the modern reflecting neo-Marxist and structured inequality perspectives; and emerging patterns in the literature focusing on multiculturalism social movements and citizenship. The geographical focus is on Europe and the United States. (EXCERPT)
Fertilizer Concentration Affects Growth Response and Leaf Color of Tradescantia virginiana L.

ABSTRACT Little information is available on greenhouse or nursery production of the herbaceous perennial Tradescantia virginiana. Three cultivars of T. virginiana were grown with four nitrogen (N) rates of 15N-6.9P-14.1K (15-16-17) in an effort to find the range of nutrition for acceptable growth and flowering. Treatments were applied in 350 mL (11.8 oz.) aliquots when plants and pots weighed 70% to 80% of saturated weight. Nitrogen rates between 100 and 200 mg L− 1 resulted in marketable plants. ‘Blue Stone’ was the largest cultivar, in both height (cm) and dry weight (g). Nitrogen levels of 300 mg L− 1 stunted the growth of ‘Blue Stone,’ while ‘Red Cloud’ and ‘Angel Eyes’ were similar in size and the highest fertilizer rate did not reduce height. Foliage of ‘Angel Eyes’ had more green coloration, while the foliage colors of ‘Red Cloud’ and ‘Blue Stone’ were lower in hue angle (hue°) and thus had more yellowish-green coloration; ‘Angel Eyes’ also had the highest chroma at the experiment's end and the mos...
The enantiomers of carbocyclic 5'-norguanosine: Activity towards Epstein-Barr virus

Abstract (−)-5′-Noraristeromycin ( 1 ) has shown antiviral activity towards, particularly cytomegalovirus, vaccinia virus and measles while its (+)-enantiomer ( 2 ) is effective towards hepatitis B virus. To determine if the antiviral characteristics of 1 and 2 extended to the guanine analogues ( 3 and 4 ), these enantiomers were prepared and evaluated against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2), cytomegalovirus (CMV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), human herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6), human herpes virus type 8 (HHV-8), vaccinia virus (VV), cowpox virus (CV), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2). The only activity found for 3 was for Epstein–Barr virus in VCA Elisa (EC 50 0.78 μg/mL), immunofluorescence assay for VCA or gp 350/250 (1.8–4.0 μg/mL) and DNA hybridization (EC 50 0.82 μg/mL) assays with no accompanying toxicity seen in the host Daudi cells. No activity was noted for 4 .
Enzymatic Decomposition of Digitalis Glycosides

Using paper chromatographic methods the glycosidic constituents of freshly gathered leaves of Digitalis lanata have been examined before and after exposure to a limited period of enzymatic action. It appears that the original plant does not contain desglucoglycosides in quantities detectable by very sensitive methods, but that after exposure to enzyme degradation under defined conditions, glucose only is removed from the lanatosides to give acetyl digoxin, acetyl digitoxin, and probably acetyl gitoxin. The separation and identification of the less water soluble digitalis glycosides, some of their acetyl derivatives, and their genins, has been helped by the use of a new temperature-insensitive method of paper chromatography.
A Glass Half Full? Harm Reduction among Pregnant Women Who Use Cocaine

The current research challenges the popular assumption that pregnant women who use drugs are either unable or unwilling to take steps to promote a healthy pregnancy. Many qualitative studies have found that pregnant women who use drugs may engage in harm reduction strategies. These findings were confirmed in the present study, which uses data collected as part of the 1992 National Institute on Drug Abuse survey of women who delivered live-born infants in DC hospitals. These data also highlight the disadvantaged socioeconomic, emotional, and physical position of women who use cocaine relative to other women. The findings suggest a need for policies and responses to maternal drug use that recognize many women's desire to promote a healthy pregnancy as well as their diminished social and physical circumstances.
Sphenoid sinus cerebrospinal fluid leaks

There are a number of special considerations regarding endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks and encephaloceles occurring in the sphenoid sinus. The sphenoid sinus is formed by the anterior and middle cranial fossae, is in close proximity to the internal carotid artery and optic nerve, and may have extreme lateral pneumatization that limits accessibility via normal endoscopic routes. Although CSF leaks and encephaloceles can occur anywhere within the sphenoid sinus, they are generally divided into a medial, perisellar type and a lateral, sphenoid recess type. The diverse etiologies of sphenoid sinus CSF leaks make it essential to have a thorough understanding of the underlying pathophysiology, and treatment principles and treatment options to achieve excellent outcomes. The specific surgical approach for a sphenoid sinus skull base defect is dependent on the exact site of the defect within the sphenoid sinus. Once an appropriate endoscopic approach with wide local exposure is obtained, reconstruction of the skull base is dependent on the etiology of the leak and other factors, including the underlying intracranial pressure. This article will highlight the surgical techniques and perioperative care relevant to sphenoid CSF leaks and encephaloceles.
Modifier genetics in neuropsychiatric disease: challenges and opportunities

A new study focuses attention on multigenic interactions influencing the risk of autism spectrum disorders.
Finite-Element-Based Nonlinear Modal Reduction of a Rotating Beam with Large-Amplitude Motion:

A nonlinear one-dimensional finite-element model representing the axial and transverse motions of a cantilevered rotating beam is reduced to a single nonlinear normal mode using invariant manifold techniques. This system is an idealized representation for large-amplitude vibrations of a rotorcraft blade. Although this model is relatively simple, it possesses the essential nonlinear coupling effects between the axial and transverse degrees of freedom. The nature of this coupling leads to the fact that we must use many degrees of freedom, whether based on finite elements or modal expansions, in order to accurately represent the beam vibrations. In this work, the slow modal convergence problem is overcome by nonlinear modal reduction that makes use of invariant manifold based nonlinear modes. This reduction procedure generates a single-degree-of-freedom reduced-order model that systematically accounts for the dynamics of all the linear modes, or finite elements, considered in the original model. The approach...
Comparing integrated training of the hand and arm with isolated training of the same effectors in persons with stroke using haptically rendered virtual environments, a randomized clinical trial

Robotically facilitated therapeutic activities, performed in virtual environments have emerged as one approach to upper extremity rehabilitation after stroke. Body function level improvements have been demonstrated for robotically facilitated training of the arm. A smaller group of studies have demonstrated modest activity level improvements by training the hand or by integrated training of the hand and arm. The purpose of this study was to compare a training program of complex hand and finger tasks without arm movement paired with a separate set of reaching activities performed without hand movement, to training the entire upper extremity simultaneously, utilizing integrated activities. Forty individuals with chronic stroke recruited in the community, participated in a randomized, blinded, controlled trial of two interventions. Subjects were required to have residual hand function for inclusion. The first, hand and arm separate (HAS) training (n = 21), included activities controlled by finger movement only, and activities controlled by arm movement only, the second, hand and arm together (HAT) training (n = 20) used simulations controlled by a simultaneous use of arm and fingers. No adverse reactions occurred. The entire sample demonstrated mean improvements in Wolf Motor Function Test scores (21%) and Jebsen Test of Hand Function scores (15%), with large effect sizes (partial r2 = .81 and r2 = .67, respectively). There were no differences in improvement between HAS and HAT training immediately after the study. Subjects in the HAT group retained Wolf Motor Function Test gains better than in the HAS group measured three months after the therapy but the size of this interaction effect was small (partial r2 = .17). Short term changes in upper extremity motor function were comparable when training the upper extremity with integrated activities or a balanced program of isolated activities. Further study of the retention period is indicated. NCT01072461 .
Correlation of in vivo and in vitro expression of cell-mediated immunity to mumps skin test antigen

Abstract The simplest,functional assay of cell mediated immunity, skin testing, is not always possible to do in every patient. A variety of in vitro assays, including lymphocyte transformation (LT) have been developed as possible alternatives to skin testing. In this report studies were undertaken to determine whether LT induced by mumps skin test antigen (MSTA) correlated with skin test sensitivity. LT stimulated by MSTA was performed with cells obtained from 4.3 normal subjects. Each subject was subsequently skin-tested with up to four concentrations of AISTA. LT results correlated well with skin test reactions. Lymphocytes from all subjects were responsive in LT assays. A less pronounced correlation was observed between the concentration of MSTA used for skin testing and LT. The results of these experiments suggest that LT assays with MS TA provide an adequate substitute for MSTA skin tests.
Expression of testicular 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5----4-isomerase: regulation by luteinizing hormone and forskolin in Leydig cells of adult rats.

LH is required to maintain the activity of 3 beta-hydroxysteriod dehydrogenase/delta 5----4-isomerase (3 beta HSD) in testicular Leydig cells. The objective of the present study was to determine whether LH and effectors such as forskolin, which act via the intracellular cAMP signal transduction pathway, can regulate the expression of 3 beta HSD in rat Leydig cells in vitro. Primary cultures of Leydig cells were prepared from testes of adult rats and treated with oLH, forskolin, (Bu)2cAMP, or cholera toxin. The effects of treatment on 3 beta HSD activity were measured using [3 alpha-3H]dehydroepiandrosterone as substrate. Immunoreactive 3 beta HSD was quantified by denaturing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting with a polyclonal antiserum against 3 beta HSD. The synthesis of 3 beta HSD was quantified after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of immunoprecipitated cellular lysates of Leydig cells radiolabeled with L-[35S]methionine. The levels o...
Engineering design through the Colorado Space Grant DemoSat Project

The Spring 2003 EPICS Challenge, sponsored by the Colorado Space Grant Consortium, exemplified the "hands-on" experiences that enabled students to practice engineering design. The mission of the project was to measure atmospheric conditions on a high altitude balloon flight that created some tough and challenging design issues for the teams. The construction phase focused on building the satellites, including soldering and foam core construction clinics. The project ended with successful conclusions illustrating the operability of overall structural design, functional electronics, and a classical pressure sensor as well as satisfied team members
Manual Therapy: The Historical, Current, and Future Role in the Treatment of Pain

Manual therapy has been an approach in the management of patients with various disorders dating back to ancient times and continues to play a significant role in current health care. The future role of manual therapy in health care is an important area of research. This paper reviews the history of manual therapy, examines the current literature related to the use of manual techniques (including manipulation, massage, and nerve manipulation), and discusses future research topics. The literature related to manual therapy has historically been anecdotal and theoretical, and current research tends to have a generic approach with broad definitions of manual therapy and inconsistencies in the classification of specific disorders. Systematic reviews of various types of manual therapy have differed on their conclusions regarding the effectiveness of this treatment modality. The current demand in health care for evidence-based practice necessitates a movement towards more specificity in the research of the effectiveness of manual therapy, with emphasis on specific patient signs and symptoms and specific manual techniques that result in effective care.
Thirty years and counting: Finding meaning in the N400 component of the event related brain potential (ERP)

We review the discovery, characterization, and evolving use of the N400, an event-related brain potential response linked to meaning processing. We describe the elicitation of N400s by an impressive range of stimulus types—including written, spoken, and signed words or pseudowords; drawings, photos, and videos of faces, objects, and actions; sounds; and mathematical symbols—and outline the sensitivity of N400 amplitude (as its latency is remarkably constant) to linguistic and nonlinguistic manipulations. We emphasize the effectiveness of the N400 as a dependent variable for examining almost every aspect of language processing and highlight its expanding use to probe semantic memory and to determine how the neurocognitive system dynamically and flexibly uses bottom-up and top-down information to make sense of the world. We conclude with different theories of the N400’s functional significance and offer an N400-inspired reconceptualization of how meaning processing might unfold.
Resources versus respect: Social judgments based on targets' power and status positions

article i nfo Keywords: Power Status Dominance Warmth Social judgment In two experiments, we investigate how individuals' levels of power and status interact to determine how they are perceived by others. We find that power and status have similar, positive, effects on judged dominance. We also find that power has a negative effect on perceived warmth, but status moderates this "power penalty": high power without status is associated with low warmth, but power with status is judged warm. Consequently, we find high status individuals, regardless of power level, are perceived positively - dominant and warm - whereas high power-low status individuals are judged most negatively — dominant and cold (Experiments 1 and 2). As a result, perceivers expect positive interactions with high status individuals, but negative interactions with high power, low status individuals (Experiment 2). These findings provide insight into power and status social judgments, and further our understanding of similarities and differences between these distinct, yet related, constructs.
Drop sizes in turbulent liquid–liquid dispersions containing polymeric suspension stabilizers. I. The breakage mechanism

Polymeric suspension stabilizers, when used in sufficient quantities, can stabilize liquid–liquid dispersions against coalescence. Experiments were performed using an in situ photomicrographic technique to determine the critical surface coverage of a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose product. The critical surface coverage was between 2.35 × 10−7 and 1.2 × 10−6 g/cm2. Noncoalescing dispersions can be prepared by using high concentrations of suspending agents so that the surface coverage is above the critical value. Such noncoalescing dispersions can be used to study the breakage mechanism even at high dispersed phase volume fractions. The study of the breakage mechanism reveals that the volume swept by the turbine impeller is applicable in calculating the power input per unit mass. The new correlation between the Sauter mean diameter and the extent of agitation under turbulent conditions that is found here is in fair agreement with those available in literature.
Nonpharmacologic Pain Management Strategies in the Pediatric Emergency Department

Youth often arrive in the emergency department (ED) in a state of emotional and physical distress. This distress is exacerbated by unfamiliar environmental stimuli, perceived threat of procedures, and general discomfort inherent in many medical procedures. Pain itself is a highly individualized experience that is most effectively treated via a multimodal, multisystem approach. For this reason, it is imperative that nonpharmacologic pain and stress management strategies are a part of standard ED protocol. Cognitive-behavioral interventions aim to reduce fear, minimize distress and pain, and increase a child's and parents' sense of control. Emergency department staff should be trained on ways to prepare a child for a procedure. After preparation, youth can benefit from being offered brief training in coping strategies. Upon discharge, families should be equipped to continue implementing these newly learned skills at home and during future hospitalizations. This article offers the reader specific strategies to use with youth presenting to an ED.
Oromotor and communication findings in joubert syndrome: further evidence of multisystem apraxia

This study provides descriptive information in the areas of oromotor abilities and communication to better understand the spectrum of disability in individuals with Joubert syndrome. Participants included 21 individuals with the diagnosis of Joubert syndrome (mean age 10.45 years). Participants completed oromotor and receptive language measures. In addition, all of the participants' speech and gesture communication from a narrative task was coded and analyzed from videotape. Caregivers reported the participants' level of fine and gross motor function. The results show that individuals with Joubert syndrome exhibit a distinct oromotor pattern consistent with verbal and lingual apraxias. Despite significant motor skills deficits and oculomotor apraxia, persons with Joubert syndrome produced gestures when communicating, and those whose speech was less intelligible used a higher rate of gesture compared with those with greater verbal output. These findings suggest a new form of apraxia not previously described in the condition and are consistent with previous research that suggests that persons with Joubert syndrome typically do not exhibit classic symptoms of autism spectrum disorder.
Tensor Product Decomposition

Let G be a semisimple connected complex algebraic group. We study the tensor product decomposition of irreducible finite-dimensional representations of G. The techniques we employ range from representation theory to algebraic geometry and topology. This is mainly a survey of author’s various results on the subject obtained individually or jointly with Belkale, Kapovich, Leeb, Millson and Stembridge.
Electronic properties of quasicrystals an experimental review

Abstract The electronic properties of a large number of icosahedral-crystal systems have been studied experimentally. These systems include alloys of the simple metals and those that contain transition metals. Some of the icosahedral phases (i-phases) are thermally stable while others are metastable; and their degree of structural order varies within each of the stability classes. The importance of sample quality to the exposition of intrinsic properties is emphasized, particularly for systems with high resistivities. As a result, experiments on single-phase samples from the diversity of systems studied have shed light on the physics of quasicrystalline alloys. Comparison made with the approximant and amorphous phases have provided important insights to the understanding of quasicrystallinity, randomness, and atomic-potential effects on electronic properties. Reduction in the electronic density of states (DOS) at the Fermi level relative to the free-electronic value is observed in the stable i-phase syste...
Angiogenesis and Vasculopathy in Systemic Sclerosis: Evolving Concepts

Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma [SSc]) is a multifactorial disease characterized by inflammation, extensive and progressive fibrosis, and multiple vasculopathies. The vascular manifestations can be seen early in the pathogenesis of the disease and include malformed capillaries, Raynaud’s phenomenon, and digital ulcers. As the disease progresses, the vasculopathy proceeds to significant clinical manifestations, including renal crisis and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Moreover, later stages of the disease are marked by increasingly avascular areas. Despite the obliteration of microvascular structures, compensatory vasculogenesis and angiogenesis do not occur normally. This is in spite of a general increase in many potent angiogenic factors. Recent studies are beginning to examine this paradox and subsequent paucity of an angiogenic response in SSc. In this review, we discuss these findings and examine the role that chemokine and growth factor receptors, proteases, adhesion molecules, and transcription factors play in the dysregulation of angiogenesis in SSc.
Cholera toxin B induced activation of murine macrophages exposed to a fixed bacterial immunogen

Previous studies have demonstrated that intranasal administration of inactivated (fixed) Francisella tularensis (iFt) live vaccine strain (LVS) in conjunction with the mucosal adjuvant, cholera toxin B (CTB), provides full protection against subsequent lethal challenge with Ft LVS and partial protection against the more virulent Ft SchuS4 strain. Understanding the mechanisms of CTB-induced immune stimulation that confer protection against Ft will be valuable to the development of an effective vaccine against this highly virulent fatal pathogen. In this study, an in vitro system was utilized to further elucidate the immunologic adjuvant effect of CTB when administered with the fixed bacterial immunogen iFt.The murine macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) was treated with combinations of iFt and CTB. The treated RAW264.7 cells and their supernatants were collected and assessed for cell surface marker expression and cytokine secretion. In addition, the ability of RAW264.7 cells to present bacterial antigens (iFt or LVS) to an Ft-specific T-cell hybridoma cell line, following exposure to CTB, was analyzed.We found that RAW264.7 cells responded to treatment with iFt + CTB by an increased secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α and upregulation of the surface expression of toll-like receptor 4 and the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86. Furthermore, the experimental vaccine treatment iFt + CTB enhanced the ability of macrophages to present iFt antigens to an FT-specific T-cell hybridoma cell line, although they failed to do so with LVS.The adjuvant CTB administered in conjunction with iFt showed evidence of enhancing an antigen-specific proinflammatory response in vitro. These observations allow us to define, in part, the mechanisms of immune activation conferred by mucosal administration of iFt + CTB against lethal F. tularensis challenge.
Pathogenicity and Aggressiveness of Three Alternaria spp. on Potato Foliage in the U.S. Northwest

Alternaria spp. were collected from potato foliage showing symptoms of early blight and brown spot in the Columbia Basin, WA and Bonners Ferry and Rupert, ID between 2009 and 2011. The aggressiveness of three Alternaria spp. on potato was quantified on nonwounded and wounded detached leaves of ‘Russet Norkotah’ potato; wounded detached leaves of ‘Alturas’, ‘Ranger Russet’, ‘Russet Burbank’, and ‘Umatilla Russet’; and whole plants of Russet Norkotah. Mean infection frequencies (MIF) and area under the lesion expansion curve (AULEC) were significantly greater for Alternaria solani (P = 0.0072 and 0.0002, respectively) than for A. arborescens or A. arbusti on nonwounded leaves. Wounding of tissue significantly increased MIF and AULEC for A. arbusti (P = 0.008 and 0.0047, respectively) and AULEC for A. arborescens (P = 0.01) relative to nonwounded tissue. AULEC did not differ significantly among the three Alternaria spp. when inoculated onto wounded foliage of whole plants (P = 0.34); the AULEC of whole plant...
Corporate Governance the Jack Wright Series # 4 – the Mystique of Board Meetings

This case study augments the chapter on board meetings. The purpose of meetings are illustrated, as well as Jack Wright's reaction to the flow of his first meeting of the Mega Corporation board. Students should address the questions raised in the case study.
Civic Engagement at a Small Rural College: If We Can Do It…

This chapter describes the cocurricular activities offered through The Democracy Commitment at Allegany College of Maryland and the impact of these civic experiences on its students.
Psyche and Eros: Night and day: Reason and gender

As Psyche sat trembling and weeping on the crag, a soft breeze suddenly raised her up. Gently Zephyr, the west wind, carried her down the cliff and lay her in a soft grassy place. A deep sleep came over Psyche but when she woke, she beheld a lovely grove, with a fountain of water and a palace behind a glistening stream. So beautiful a dwelling it was, she knew it must be the abode of a god. Entering it, she found treasures and heard wondrous music. The voices of spirits began to tend to her in the most exquisite manner, offering her refreshments and entertainment. Psyche eventually went to her bed, for the hour was late. But as she lay on her bed in the dark, a visitor entered, lay down next to her, and made Psyche his bride. Then, before the dawn rose in the east, he departed in haste. Psyche shook with fear at first, but soon what seemed strange became a source of delight to her. Every night her husband clasped her to his body, and every day he flew away before the rise of dawn. But as time passed, Psyche grew restless in her luxurious setting. She longed for her sisters whom she had not seen in a long time. She fell into mourning, refusing food and drink, and implored her husband to yield to her wishes and let her sisters come visit. But Eros pleaded with her not to yield to her curiosity, for he feared that the sisters would incite Psyche to wonder about his identity.