cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deaf Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Epidemiological studies investigating the prevalence of autism have increased in recent years, within the United States and abroad. However, statistics as to how many of those children may also have a comorbid hearing loss is lacking. The prevalence of school-administrator reported diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (clinical diagnosis [DSM-IV] and/or IDEA classification) among children with hearing loss in the US was estimated from the 2009–2010 Annual Survey of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children and Youth conducted by the Gallaudet Research Institute. Results indicate that during the 2009–2010 school year 1 in 59 children (specifically 8-year olds) with hearing loss were also receiving services for autism; considerably higher, than reported national estimates of 1 in 91 (Kogan et al. in Pediatrics 124(4):1–8, 2009) and 1 in 110 (CDC 2007) for hearing children. Significantly more children with profound hearing loss had a comorbid diagnosis of autism than those with milder forms of hearing loss. These results are discussed, while highlighting the need for increased awareness and research in a population that has thus far received little services or attention.
758–6 Does Moderate to High Intensity Exercise Affect Left Ventricular Remodeling In Cardiac Rehabilitation Patients After Myocardial Infarction?

LV remodeling (LVR) can occur after MI and may adversely affect prognosis. The effect of regular moderate to high intensity exercise on LVR after MI is debated and needs further study. LVR was evaluated in 44 patients using serial echocardiographic measures including % abnormal wall motion (%AWM) and endocardial surface area/body surface area index (ESAi) taken initially 8 ± 5 wks post MI (echo 1) and 12 weeks later (echo 2). Data were compared between 22 consecutive pts who exercised 3x/wk for 30 minutes at 60 – 85% HR reserve vs 22 control pts without exercise training, who were matched for age, sex, medications, type and site of MI, revascularization, and %AWM. Exercise patients improved peak MET levels from 5.7 ± 2.3 to 7.7 ± 2.0 (p l 0.001). Serial echo data in the two groups follows: Exercise (n = 22) Control (n = 22) %AWM echo1 Exercise (n = 22) Control (n = 22) echo2 18.68 ± 1372 18.26 ± 14.11 ESAi (cm 2 /m 2 ) 18.00 ± 13.42 17.33 ± 14.77 echo1 56.89 ± 9.30 64.26 ± 10.33 echo2 54.57 ± 740 56.89 ± 9.37 No significant change in %AWM and ESAi occurred in either group from echo 1 to echo 2. Thus, in this group of consecutive patients carefully matched for size and location of infarct, moderate to high intensity exercise does not appear to adversely affect LVR early after MI.
Attentional Bias for Emotional Faces in Children With Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Objective: To examine attentional bias for angry and happy faces in 7- to 12-year-old children with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD; n = 23) and nonanxious controls (n = 25). Method: Children completed a visual probe task in which pairs of face stimuli were displayed for 500 milliseconds and were replaced by a visual probe in the spatial location of one of the faces. Results: Severely anxious children with GAD showed an attentional bias toward both angry and happy faces. Children with GAD with a milder level of anxiety and nonanxious controls did not show an attentional bias toward emotional faces. Moreover, within the GAD group, attentional bias for angry faces was associated with increased anxiety severity and the presence of social phobia. Conclusions: Biased attention toward threat as a function of increased severity in pediatric GAD may reflect differing threat appraisal processes or emotion regulation strategies.
Correlated Super-Resolution Optical and Structural Studies of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Hot Spots in Silver Colloid Aggregates

In order to advance the field of single-molecule surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SM-SERS), a better understanding of colloid morphology and hot spot properties in noble metal nanoparticle aggregates is crucial. We present super-resolution optical studies of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) from rhodamine 6G (R6G) molecules adsorbed onto silver colloid aggregates correlated with scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of those same aggregates. The scattering intensity maps of the SERS signal, obtained from the super-resolution fits, are overlaid with SEM topographical images of the colloids to map the shape of the SERS hot spot and the spatial origin of SERS intensity fluctuations with sub-5 nm resolution. These results have vital implications for developing reproducible and robust substrates capable of SM-SERS.
Influence of nicotine on tissue trace element concentrations and tissue antioxidant defense.

Both altered trace element metabolism and cigaret smoking have been proposed to be risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Thus, it is important to identify the mechanisms by which cigaret smoke alters trace element metabolism. In the present study, serum trace element concentrations were measured in 19 smokers and 13 nonsmokers. In parallel studies, data from rats treated with 50 mg of nicotine over a 21-d period tested the hypothesis that nicotine induced altered trace element metabolism observed in smokers. Serum Cu and Zn concentrations were significantly higher in smokers than in nonsmokers. Serum nicotine concentrations in rats were comparable to those observed in heavy smokers, but serum trace element concentrations were not significantly altered by nicotine treatment. Tissue trace element concentrations were also not markedly affected by nicotine; however, trace element ratios in liver, kidney, lung, and brain were significantly altered by nicotine treatment. In addition, nicotine-treatment resulted in significantly lower liver glutathione concentrations and higher Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase activity than in controls. These data show that a 50-mg infusion of nicotine over 21 d does not produce in rats the serum trace element abnormalities observed in cigaret smokers. However, nicotine did affect the trace element relationships between tissues as well as components of the free radical defense system.
In-line Sagnac interferometer for magnetic field sensing

We present a magnetometer based on a new in-line configuration for the Sagnac interferometer. A magnetic field induces a phase shift between orthogonally polarized light waves that travel back and forth in a fiber bus.
The Role and Design of Databases in Paleontology

Database: few terms have burst into our scientific lexicon with such vehemence; few terms have been applied with such ubiquity to such a variety of objects; few terms in scientific parlance have generated so much confusion. The purpose of our paper is to discuss databases and especially their role in paleontology. We hope to clarify the concepts behind databases and to make clear both their application to paleontology and their potential for solving paleontological problems. We attack these two goals by addressing five aspects of what might be termed the database dilemma. First, we discuss databases in general to define the term and to set some limits on the concept as a whole. Next, we discuss the range of entities that fall under the rubric database. Third, we deal with the vital issues of the value of data, why security of data matters, and how to maintain security while participating in the information age. Fourth, we address specifically the kind of database that holds the greatest promise for the future of paleontology, the electronic, relational database, and make some suggestions for designing and implementing such a database. Finally, we discuss the application of specific databases to paleontology and what we see as the future of databases in uor science. Here we refer specifically to uor project, PaleoBank, and its relationship to the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology.
Lynching performances, theatres of violence

The historical reality and contemporary legacy of lynching undergirds contemporary understandings, representations, and politics of race relations in this country. This essay uses archival materials—both texts and images‐to support its argument that lynchings are performance‐saturated events and posits the concept of a “performance complex” to describe the entire web of performance woven in and around lynchings. Specifically, these executions are themselves theorized as cultural performances. Further, they are examined as part of an unfolding cycle in which the actual execution is but one component.
Flat medial-lateral conformity in total knee replacements does not minimize contact stresses

The potential for wear in UHMWPE components for total knee replacements can be reduced by decreasing the stresses and strains arising from tibial-femoral contact. The conformity of the articular surfaces has a large effect on the resultant stresses, and components that achieve flat medial-lateral contact have been assumed to produce the lowest stresses due to their perfect conformity. We computed the stresses arising from curved and flat contact on a half-space using two-dimensional, plane strain elasticity solutions and finite element analyses to compare the performance of curved and flat indenters. These indenters were represented by a polynomial so the profiles could be continuously varied from curved to flat. Curved contact resulted in maximum stresses at the center of contact, while flat contact produced maximum stresses at the edge of contact. In addition, three contemporary tibial configurations (flat-on-flat, curved-on-flat, and curved-on-curved geometries) were analyzed using the finite element method with nonlinear material properties. The maximum contact stress, von Mises stress, and von Mises strain were lowest for the curved-on-curved model. The other configurations resulted in higher contact stresses, von Mises stresses, and von Mises strains. The perfect conformity arising from flat contact did not reduce the contact stresses in the UHMWPE component. The tensile stresses, however, were lowest for the flat-on-flat geometry compared with the other two configurations. Relating these distinct differences could prove useful in interpretation of data from simulator and retrieval studies.
Granulocyte–macrophage colony stimulating factor-mediated innate responses in tuberculosis

The mechanisms by which GM-CSF mediates bacterial clearance and inflammation during mycobacterial infection are poorly understood. The objective of this work was to determine how GM-CSF alters pulmonary mycobacterial infection in vivo. Differences in GM-CSF levels in the lungs of normal mice (GM+/+), transgenic GM-CSF-deficient (GM-CSF−/−), and transgenic mice with high GM-CSF expression only in lung epithelial cells (SP-C-GM-CSF+/+/GM−/−) did not affect pulmonary infection rates caused by either the attenuated Mycobacterium bovis BCG or the virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. However, in contrast to findings with BCG, all GM-CSF−/− and SP-C-GM-CSF+/+/GM−/− mice succumbed prematurely to virulent H37Rv. Granuloma formation was impaired in both GM-CSF−/− and SP-C-GM-CSF+/+/GM−/− mice regardless of mycobacterial virulence. However, H37Rv-infected GM-CSF−/− mice suffered broncho-alveolar destruction, edema, and necrosis while only short-lived granulomas were observed in SP-C-GM-CSF+/+/GM−/− mice. Bone marrow-derived macrophages, but not dendritic cells of SP-C-GM-CSF+/+/GM−/− mice, were hypo-responsive to mycobacterial infection. Surfactant protein levels were differentially influenced by BCG and H37Rv. We conclude that GM-CSF has an essential protective role first in preserving alveolar structure and second in regulating macrophages and dendritic cells to facilitate containment of virulent mycobacteria in pulmonary granulomas. However, precise regulation of lung GM-CSF is vital to effective control of M. tuberculosis.
Significance of Cathepsin-D expression in uterine tumours

Cathepsin-D (Cath-D) expression was evaluated by an immunoradiometric assay in 67 primary endometrial carcinomas and 70 cervical cancers. In the endometrial tumours, an inverse correlation was observed between Cath-D levels and stage (P = 0.027) and myometrial invasion (P = 0.046). A significant correlation between Cath-D levels and hormone receptor status was demonstrated (P < 0.05). In cervical cancer, no differences in the distribution of Cath-D levels according to clinicopathological parameters and hormone receptors were observed. However, patients not responding to neoadjuvant chemotherapy had significantly lower Cath-D values than those showing complete or partial response (P = 0.011). As far as prognostic significance is concerned, it appears that Cath-D expression might have a different role in the two uterine neoplasias. While our preliminary data in endometrial cancer suggest that high Cath-D levels may be a favourable prognostic indicator, cervical cancer patients with Cath-D+ tumours had a shorter disease-free survival than those with Cath-D- tumors (P = 0.017).
Human space mission architecture risk analysis

A human space flight mission is extremely dynamic in nature. A spacecraft faces multiple physical environments and is exposed to dramatically different hazards over the typical phases of a mission: from a minutes-long ascent phase, to a months-long orbital phase, and then an hours-long entry, descent and landing phase. The space transportation vehicle's configuration also changes as each of the stages of the launch vehicle's engines are ignited, burned, turned off, and jettisoned, with new stages and engines taking over the thrusting of the vehicle until the spacecraft is separated from the launch vehicle. Once in orbit, the spacecraft performs its orbital tasks and then returns to earth for safe landing of the astronauts. All the changes in the physical environments encountered during the mission and the response of the system to failures or changes in the configuration of the vehicle call for a modular, dynamic probabilistic risk model that integrates the modeling pieces and faithfully tracks the entire mission timeline in order to understand the risks to the crew across all mission phases. Using a flexible modeling framework that is capable of incorporating various levels of data fidelity, modeling inputs, and timescales allows for a risk analysis methodology that grows with the maturity of the system's design definition while capturing the risk drivers at the right levels throughout the mission.
Lipodystrophia centrifugalis abdominalis infantilis in a Caucasian girl: report of a case with perieccrine inflammation

Lipodystrophia centrifugalis abdominalis infantilis (LCAI) is a rare, self-limiting disease typically affecting Asian children around the age of three. In classic cases, patients present with a hypopigmented patch with central atrophy and an erythematous border in the groin area. We present a case of LCAI affecting a female Caucasian toddler that shows striking perieccrine inflammation, a finding not previously reported in this entity. LCAI has been rarely reported in Caucasian children; as a result, there is sparse literature on the histopathological findings in this subset. This case illustrates how significant deep dermal and perieccrine inflammation can be seen in this condition, thus broadening the histopathological spectrum of this disorder.
Genomic predictors of the maximal O2 uptake response to standardized exercise training programs

Low cardiorespiratory fitness is a powerful predictor of morbidity and cardiovascular mortality. In 473 sedentary adults, all whites, from 99 families of the Health, Risk Factors, Exercise Training...
PS6K Amplification Characterizes a Small Subset of Anaplastic Meningiomas

PS6K, a putative oncogene mapped to chromosome 17q23, encodes a serine/threonine kinase, which phosphorylates ribosomal subunit 6 and is part of the insulin receptor signal transduction pathway involved in the regulation of messenger RNA translation, protein synthesis, cell cycle progression, and cell size. Comparative genomic hybridization studies have detected 17q23 amplifications in a subset of meningiomas, particularly those with aggressive histologic features. PS6K amplifications have been reported in breast cancer, another hormonally driven neoplasm. We assessed PS6K dosage in 94 archival paraffin-embedded meningiomas using dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization. We found high-level PS6K amplifications in 3 of 22 anaplastic grade III meningiomas. Amplification was confirmed by differential polymerase chain reaction in 1 of these cases. In contrast, no amplifications were identified in 37 benign (grade I) and 35 atypical (grade II) meningiomas. To our knowledge, this represents the first report of gene amplification in primary human meningiomas. Given its exclusive association with anaplastic meningiomas, PS6K amplification likely occurs during the malignant progression of a small subset of anaplastic tumors. Further studies are needed to map the 17q23 amplicon to determine whether additional genes in this region are amplified in high-grade meningiomas.
The forgotten disease: Bilateral lemierre’s disease with mycotic aneurysm of the vertebral artery

Patient: Male, 25 Final Diagnosis: Lemierre’s disease Symptoms: Back pain • fever • headache • tachycardia • tachypnoe Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Infectious Diseases Objective: Rare disease Background: Lemierre’s disease, also known as the forgotten disease, postanginal sepsis, or necrobacillosis, was first reported in 1890 by Courmont and Cade, but it was Dr. Andre Lemierre, a professor of microbiology, who described this disease in 1936. The typical causative agent is Fusobacterium necrophorum, although other organisms may be involved. The pathogenesis of Lemierre’s disease is not well understood. It is characterized by a primary oropharyngeal infection associated with septicemia, internal jugular vein thrombosis, and metastatic septic emboli. Case Report: We report a case of Lemierre’s disease with bilateral internal jugular vein (IJV) thrombosis and metastatic septic emboli to the lungs and brain, associated with epidural abscess and mycotic aneurysm of the vertebral artery, which is quite rare in Lemierre’s disease. This is the first report of a case of Lemierre’s disease associated with mycotic aneurysm of the vertebral artery. Conclusions: Lemierre’s disease is a rare and perplexing medical entity. Clinical suspicion should be high in previously healthy young adults presenting with fever and neck pain following oropharyngeal infection. Dr. Lemierre stated that ‘symptoms and signs of Lemierre’s disease are so characteristic that it permits diagnosis before bacteriological examination’. The prognosis of patients with Lemierre’s disease is generally good, provided prompt recognition and appropriate treatment.
Adolescent Smokeless Tobacco Incidence: Relations with Other Drugs and Psychosocial Variables'

This article presents data regarding the prevalence of trying smokeless tobacco in a longitudinal sample of 2,714 urban, ethnically diverse adolescent males and females. A predominance of trial use was found in white males in 8th and 9th grades. Also presented is the relation of smokeless tobacco onset to experimentation with other drugs (cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana), cigarette smoking in significant others, self-image as a smoker, risk taking, and smoking refusal self-efficacy. Smokeless tobacco onset was related to higher levels of cigarette smoking and lower quit rates, and was positively associated with use of cigarettes by significant others, one’s self-image as a smoker, and with a disinclination to refuse cigarette offers. Finally, onset was more probable in individuals who had previously tried alcoholic beverages and marijuana, and who reported enjoying taking risks. A multivariate logistic regression analysis retained sex, smoking level, beer and wine use, and risk taking as predictors of smokeless tobacco onset. Apparently, smokeless tobacco is an additional activity in which drug-experimenting male adolescents are likely to participate.
Thoracic epipodites in the Stomatopoda (Crustacea): a phylogenetic consideration

The structure of the thoracic epipodites on the stomatopod Hemisquilla ensigera (Owen) suggests that the primary function of these structures is respiratory. The presence of respiratory structures on the thoracic somites, coupled with other already published evidence links the hoplocarids and the other eumalacostracans to a common phyllocarid ancestor and argues against a polyphyletic origin for the Eumalacostraca.
Transnational Discourse: Bringing Geography Back In

The concept of transnationalism has become an important means of theorizing accelerated cross-border flows of commodities and people over the last two decades. Theorization has often been limited, however, through literal and homogenizing narratives of globalization processes “from above” or by poststructuralist readings emphasizing abstract spaces of movement and the margins of non-essentializing positions “from below.” This paper argues for a theoretical approach that reduces these limitations through geographical engagement with both transnational processes and discourses. Bringing geography back in on several different scales and forcing the contextualization of concepts of the hybrid and the marginal may make it possible to harness a more nuanced theorization of transnationalism to a more politically progressive agenda.
Statistical Analysis of the Demand of Employment of the Graduates from Andalusia

The structural changes occurring in the labor market of graduates, impose a significant effort to adapt to the curriculum of schools, and the need to offer new titles that meet the demand of enterprises and public administrations. The proliferation of college graduates has coincided with a limit on the creation of the new post to the new built, causing a strain on the market that has damaged the overall situation of top professionals. The expansion of higher education in Andalusia has increased the possibilities of higher education to a large portion of the population, because the number of people likely to get a highly qualified labor and jobs that require this requirement have not experienced a corresponding increase. This paper analyzes the demand for graduates and work market Andalusian.
Self-Control Depletion Leads to Increased Risk Taking

Previous research has found that individuals low in trait self-control are more likely to take excessive risks than individuals high in trait self-control. The authors expand on this by examining the causal effects of state fluctuations in self-control on subsequent risk taking. Using the self-control strength model, the authors predicted that depleted individuals would take more risks than individuals who did not exert self-control initially. This was tested in two experiments, using both self-reports and performance on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task. In both experiments, greater risk taking by depleted participants was related only to the amount of self-control previously exerted. This suggests that situational decrements in self-control strength lead to greater risk taking. Additional data suggest that the effects of depletion on taking chances are above and beyond the effects of trait self-control. This may help to explain situational effects, such as why conscientious people sometimes take unnecessar...
Vehicle to Grid regulation services of electric delivery trucks: Economic and environmental benefit analysis

Concerns regarding the fuel costs and climate change impacts associated with petroleum combustion are among the main driving factors for the adoption of electric vehicles. Future commercial delivery truck fleets may include Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) and Extended Range Electric Vehicles (EREVs); in addition to savings on fuel and maintenance costs, the introduction of these grid accessible electric vehicles will also provide fleet owners with possible Vehicle to Grid (V2G) opportunities. This study investigates the potential net present revenues and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission mitigation of V2G regulation services provided by electric trucks in a typical fleet. The total cost of ownership and the life-cycle GHG emissions of electric trucks are also analyzed and compared to those of traditional diesel trucks. To account for uncertainties, possible ranges for key parameters are considered instead of only considering fixed single data values for each parameter. The results of this research indicate that providing V2G regulation services for electric trucks could yield considerable additional revenues ($20,000–50,000) and significant GHG emission savings (approximately 300 ton CO2) compared to conventional diesel trucks.
Enactment of a Sustainable Vision in the Dual Context of the Tropical Biosphere and the Developing World: A Case Study of Belize Natural Energy

Nowhere is economic, cultural, and environmental sustainability more critical than in a country like Belize, where the developing world merges with the tropical biosphere. Through a single-organization case study design, the authors provide insight into Belize's only oil-producing company, specifically examining its sustainability practices and its enactment of an organizational vision centered on sustainability. Our global economy relies heavily on fossil fuels; such reliance requires us to understand the sustainability efforts of these companies. Determining how sustainability is enacted in these organizations forms the basis for how these practices can be replicated. Data collection included multiple interviews with employees throughout the organization, ethnographic observation, and document analysis. The results yielded an understanding of how sustainability practices are enacted in organizational communication.
Mundane materialism : How tax policies and other governmental regulation affected beliefs and practices of Jesus movement organizations

L'A. montre comment l'ideologie religieuse et l'organisation sociale peuvent etre deviees par l'action gouvernementale qui penetre la sphere separant l'Eglise de l'Etat aux Etats-Unis. Les actions gouvernemetales peuvent ainsi deformer les systemes de croyances. L'A. s'interesse aux mouvements de Jesus de la fin des annees 1960 jusqu'au debut des annees 1980 dont le Shiloh youth revival Centers et la Highway Missionary Society/Servant Community. En depit de la tentative de ces deux mouvements de creer des societes alternatives, leur developpement economique et ideologique a ete devie de son but par le gouvernement et ses pressions.
Optimizing Flip Angles for Metabolic Rate Estimation in Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 MRI

Hyperpolarized carbon-13 magnetic resonance imaging has enabled the real-time observation of perfusion and metabolism in vivo. These experiments typically aim to distinguish between healthy and diseased tissues based on the rate at which they metabolize an injected substrate. However, existing approaches to optimizing flip angle sequences for these experiments have focused on indirect metrics of the reliability of metabolic rate estimates, such as signal variation and signal-to-noise ratio. In this paper we present an optimization procedure that focuses on maximizing the Fisher information about the metabolic rate. We demonstrate through numerical simulation experiments that flip angles optimized based on the Fisher information lead to lower variance in metabolic rate estimates than previous flip angle sequences. In particular, we demonstrate a 20% decrease in metabolic rate uncertainty when compared with the best competing sequence. We then demonstrate appropriateness of the mathematical model used in the simulation experiments with in vivo experiments in a prostate cancer mouse model. While there is no ground truth against which to compare the parameter estimates generated in the in vivo experiments, we demonstrate that our model used can reproduce consistent parameter estimates for a number of flip angle sequences.
Discovery of Fe–Ce Oxide/BiVO4 Photoanodes through Combinatorial Exploration of Ni–Fe–Co–Ce Oxide Coatings

An efficient photoanode is a prerequisite for a viable solar fuels technology. The challenges to realizing an efficient photoanode include the integration of a semiconductor light absorber and a metal oxide electrocatalyst to optimize corrosion protection, light trapping, hole transport, and photocarrier recombination sites. To efficiently explore metal oxide coatings, we employ a high-throughput methodology wherein a uniform BiVO4 film is coated with 858 unique metal oxide coatings covering a range of metal oxide loadings and the full (Ni–Fe–Co–Ce)Ox pseudoquaternary composition space. Photoelectrochemical characterization of the photoanodes reveals that specific combinations of metal oxide composition and loading provide up to a 13-fold increase in the maximum photoelectrochemical power generation for oxygen evolution in pH 13 electrolyte. Through mining of the high-throughput data we identify composition regions that form improved interfaces with BiVO4. Of particular note, integrated photoanodes with c...
Reading climate change in the Anthropocene: material ecocriticism and Chinese environmental literature

ABSTRACTMaterial ecocriticism is an apt approach for interpreting Anthropocene narratives. From this perspective, non-humans as well as humans are seen as fully fledged actors; the world’s materiality appears as a combined ‘mesh’ in which the emerging dynamics of body and identity, nature and culture, bios and society are seen to be interacting with and can also be examined through one another. Through the lens of material ecocriticism, this paper explores the agency of nature and the human in climate change through two contemporary Chinese literary works.
Phylogenomic subsampling: a brief review

Phylogenomic subsampling is a method for studying the stability of phylogenetic analyses by taking random or ordered subsamples of loci and comparing phylogenetic analyses of those subsamples. The method is made possible by the large number of loci made available by application of next-generation sequencing methods to phylogenetic questions. My laboratory has used phylogenomic subsampling to investigate the consistency and stability of various methods of phylogenetic analysis of multilocus data sets, including the so-called species tree methods, which use the multispecies coalescent as a framework for interpreting gene tree heterogeneity. I was inspired to focus on this method for this symposium volume because my Harvard colleague Gonzalo Giribet had independently been using phylogenomic subsampling to explore various questions in invertebrate phylogenomics. Phylogenomic subsampling has many useful applications in phylogenomics, yet when reporting the particulars of the results of such analyses, care should be taken to focus primarily on discrepancies that achieve a high level of support by the bootstrap or other methods. Using a recently published example, I show that the methods used to summarize the results of a subsampling experiment, such as the threshold for reporting support for one or another tree or clade, can influence the perceived success or failure of concatenation or species tree methods. Single- versus double-bootstrapping is also shown to produce different subsampling results. I suggest guidelines for analysing and reporting the results of phylogenomic subsampling and suggest that it should become a routine part of phylogenetic analysis in the next-generation era.
Extensor pollicis longus tendon compression as the etiology of a true aneurysm of the radial artery in the anatomical snuff box

True aneurysms of the radial artery are rare. The natural history of these aneurysms is not well understood. We report the case of a true aneurysm of the radial artery located in the anatomical snuffbox in a 65-year-old man with no antecedent trauma which was treated with resection and cephalic vein interposition graft. We discuss the treatment options as well as review previous literature on radial artery aneurysms and suggest compression by the extensor pollicis longus tendon on the radial artery as a contributing factor to the formation of these aneurysms.
Differential Operator Representations

The primary goal of this chapter is to present an in-depth study of the third common method for representing the dynamical behavior of linear systems, namely the differential operator representation. We begin by considering the various transfer relations between any two of the three primary methods used to describe dynamical system behavior, noting that certain of the (six) relations have already been given in the earlier chapters. In particular, in Section 5.2, we mathematically define a notion of “equivalence” between state-space systems and the more general class of differential operator systems. We note that this notion of equivalence implies a number of desirable necessary conditions for equivalence. For example, system order and mode or pole locations are preserved as well as the ability to set initial conditions on either equivalent system. We further note that our definition of equivalence reduces to the standard definition 3.4.4 when both systems are in state-space form. We then present an algorithm for obtaining equivalent state-space representations of any systems whose dynamics are expressed in the more general differential operator form. Paramount to the development are the notions of row proper and column proper polynomial matrices which were introduced in Section 2.5, and the structure theorem which was introduced in Section 4.3.
Unreliability of Point of Care Devices for INR Monitoring of Oral Anticoagulant Therapy. A Re-Evaluation.

Abstract Oral anticoagulant treatment with vitamin K antagonists has been encumbered by the need for interval monitoring of INRs to adjust dosage. Point of Care (POC) testing of capillary blood has come into widespread use because of the advantages of rapid analysis and dose adjustment. To assess the reliability of this procedure, we compared INR results from 2 POC devices from different manufacturers - POC1 and POC2 - and compared these results to standard assays on venous samples with a BCS automated analyzer. 78 patients on warfarin for at least 3 months were studied. Results of 56 patients with POC2 and 76 patients with POC1 were compared to the BCS. Capillary blood samples were taken within 30 minutes of the venous draw. The therapeutic INR range was considered to be 2.0–3.5. The bias plots for the 2 POC methods compared to the reference INR are shown in the 2 Figs, below. Within the therapeutic range, 71% and 85% of the results correlated with BCS for POC1 and the POC2, respectively. Both instruments showed the greatest variation from the reference measurement at INR values greater than 2.5 Both POC methods demonstrated clinically relevant overestimates of INR(see table). Download : Download high-res image (148KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure Download : Download high-res image (172KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure Agreement % of Reference INR Values to POC INR Reference INR* POC1-subtherapeutic POC1-therapeutic POC1-supratherapeutic POC2-subtherapeutic POC2-therapeutic BCS-subtherapeutic 77% 23% - 63% 37% BCS-therapeutic 4% 71% 25% 5% 85% BCS-supratherapeutic - - 100% - 33% * INR = 2.0–3.5 Conclusion: This study raises a significant question rearding the accuracy of POC methods for INR determinations. Despite ease of use and immediacy of results, the lack of correlation, even under study conditions, and the potentials for under-and overdosing makes relying on these devices problematic.
The safety and immunogenicity of Quadrivalent HPV (qHPV) vaccine in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Abstract Objective This study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of qHPV vaccine in SLE. Methods Subjects: 34 women ages 19–50 years (yrs.) with mild to moderate SLE & minimally active or inactive SLE received qHPV vaccine at the standard dosing schedule. Exclusion criteria: active SLE disease (SELENA-SLEDAI > 2), history of severe SLE disease, deep venous thrombosis, on >400 mg/day of hydroxychloroquine, on >15 mg/day of prednisone, or active infections. Patients were monitored for adverse events (AE), SLE flare, generation of thrombogenic antibodies and thrombosis. Antibody (Ab) levels to HPV 6, 11, 16 & 18 were measured by HPV competitive Luminex Immunoassay and Geometric Mean Titers (GMTs) were calculated for each HPV type. Seroconversion was assessed for those seronegative at baseline. Results The women in the study: African-American (79%), mean age = 38.1 years, mean age at diagnosis of SLE = 28.6 years, 35.3% had a history of smoking, 91% had 4 or more sexual partners, 50% had a history of sexually transmitted diseases, and 27.3% used condoms on a regular basis. Vaccine site reactions (VSRs) occurred in 62%, all mild. Ninety-seven percent experienced at least 1 non vaccine adverse event (nvAE) with a total of 493 nvAEs in 33 patients, of which 90% were mild and none were related to vaccine or SLE. There were 9 serious AEs, none were related to vaccine or SLE, all resolved. No patient experienced an SLE flare, thrombosis, or generation of thrombogenic antibodies. Seroconversion rate was 100% with mean GMTs comparable to Gardasil® package insert data. Conclusion In this SLE vaccine study, qHPV vaccine was generally safe, well tolerated, and highly immunogenic. This clinical trial is registered on Clinical Trials.gov under number, NCT01741012 and was conducted under the FDA IND BB14113.
Qualitative themes underlying potentially avoidable terminal oncology ICU hospitalizations.

101Background: ICU admissions in the last 30 days of life is a quality measure endorsed by the National Quality Forum. Our prior research has demonstrated that nearly half of terminal oncology ICU hospitalizations are potentially avoidable. Methods: This was a retrospective care series of patients cared for in an academic medical center’s ambulatory oncology practice who died in an ICU during July 1, 2012 to June 30, 2013. Using a standardized assessment tool, an oncologist, intensivist, and hospitalist reviewed each patient’s electronic health record from 3 months prior to hospitalization until death and made a clinical determination of avoidability. Two investigators, blinded to the specialty of the reviewer, used a grounded theory approach to extract clinical themes associated with avoidability from the reviewers’ assessments. Results: The primary themes for avoidability identified and percent by specialty were as follows: failure to initiate appropriate advance care planning in the outpatient setting ...
US Public Opinion on Carrying Firearms in Public Places.

Objectives. To estimate US public opinion, overall and by gun ownership status, about the public places where legal gun owners should be allowed to carry firearms.Methods. We fielded an online survey among 3949 adults, including an oversample of gun owners and veterans, in April 2015. We used cross-tabulations with survey weights to generate nationally representative estimates.Results. Fewer than 1 in 3 US adults supported gun carrying in any of the specified venues. Support for carrying in public was consistently higher among gun owners than among non–gun owners. Overall, support for carrying in public was lowest for schools (19%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 16.7, 21.1), bars (18%; 95% CI = 15.9, 20.6), and sports stadiums (17%; 95% CI = 15.0, 19.5).Conclusions. Most Americans, including most gun owners, support restricting public places legal gun owners can carry firearms. These views contrast sharply with the current trend in state legislatures of expanding where, how, and by whom guns can be carrie...
Improving Learning in Sub-Saharan Africa Using Rigorous Research Designs

Education researchers working in sub-Saharan Africa have recently and rapidly expanded the availability of evidence related to the impact of educational interventions on learning outcomes, particul...
New Non-anti-TNF-α Biological Therapies for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Blockade of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) pathway has been a major advancement for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A substantial proportion of patients with moderate to severe Crohn’s disease do not have a response to treatment with TNFα antagonists (primary nonresponse), and among patients who do have a response, it is often not sustained (secondary nonresponders) or side effects require discontinuation of medical therapy. As a consequence of this, there is an ongoing need to develop new biologics with different mechanisms of action. This chapter will discuss the major non-anti-TNF-α biological agents in the pipeline that are currently undergoing evaluation to effectively and safely treat patients with IBD.
Overview of the Well-Child Visit

Primary health care providers assess the physical and emotional development of children during the well-child visit. This is achieved through open and accepting communication as the health care provider obtains a comprehensive history of the child and family and the situation at home. Health care providers often say that 95% of diagnosis comes from listening to the patient and gathering a good history (Segal 2012). This is absolutely true in the well-child visit.
A compressed sensing X-ray camera with a multilayer architecture

Recent advances in compressed sensing theory and algorithms offer new possibilities for high-speed X-ray camera design. In many CMOS cameras, each pixel has an independent on-board circuit that includes an amplifier, noise rejection, signal shaper, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and optional in-pixel storage. When X-ray images are sparse, i.e., when one of the following cases is true: (a.) The number of pixels with true X-ray hits is much smaller than the total number of pixels; (b.) The X-ray information is redundant; or (c.) Some prior knowledge about the X-ray images exists, sparse sampling may be allowed. Here we first illustrate the feasibility of random on-board pixel sampling (ROPS) using an existing set of X-ray images, followed by a discussion about signal to noise as a function of pixel size. Next, we describe a possible circuit architecture to achieve random pixel access and in-pixel storage. The combination of a multilayer architecture, sparse on-chip sampling, and computational image techniques, is expected to facilitate the development and applications of high-speed X-ray camera technology.
Is the Price Right? Understanding Eco-friendly Apparel Consumption

It has been recognized as a challenging task to market green products (Gleim, et al, 2013). Gleim et al. identified eight categories of green consumption barriers; the most frequently noted barrier is perceived high price of green products followed by perceived low quality and lack of expertise. A study focused on eco-friendly apparel found that consumers’ low level of acquisition stems from a lack of knowledge, a negative attitude towards product attributes, limited product availability, and economic reasons (price) (Connell, 2010). Among all the challenges, studies have shown that price seems to be the most significant barrier throughout the range of green products, suggesting that consumers are not satisfied with current retailers’ pricing strategy.
Developing an Undergraduate Internship Program in Applied Sociology

In this paper, I describe the steps taken to develop an undergraduate internship program in applied sociology at the University of North Carolina at Wilmington. I begin with an introduction to the internship program, including examples of student projects. I discuss the program's goals and leadership and the structure of the program, including scheduling, credit hours, prerequisites, admission requirements, project supervision, and curriculum. Afterward, I outline how internship opportunities were identified and describe the continued coordination of the internship program. I end with a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the program.
Developmental Evaluation of Infants and Children

The evaluation of infants and children requires knowledge of the evolution of normal growth and development. This article attempts to identify normal developmental stages with review of reflexes as well as a basic approach to the evaluation of infants and children with suspected developmental delay.
Understanding activity segmentation for multi-sport competitions

Despite the advances in activity detection, their applications in the sports domain are limited. Athletic environments are fast and challenging. Athletes often perform more than one activity in a single workout, especially if they are training for a multi-sport competition, such as a triathlon. These competitions require an athlete to transition from one activity to another quickly. Current logging applications require the user to select the activity they are about to perform, and start and stop the timer for each activity. This could increase the athlete's transition time, and it would not give the athlete an estimate of how much time they spent in transition between the activities.This paper explores activity segmentation for multi-sport scenarios. Our goal is to identify the activities and segment a user's workout trace into constituent activities, including the transition periods. We use an Apple Watch to gather inertial sensor data and validate our system in the context of a triathlon. The system was trained and tested on 3 activities (running, biking, and swimming), as well as simple actions performed in transition, from 5 different participants. Our system achieves 91% accuracy in detecting the activity, and can accurately identify the start and stop times for each. We also validate our results with data collected from a volunteer at a triathlon.
Improving deposition efficiency in cold spraying chromium coatings by powder annealing

Annealing of attrition-milled, electrolytically produced chromium powder has been investigated to improve cold spray coating deposition efficiency of pure chromium on Zr-alloy substrate for light water reactors with the goal of enhancing high-temperature oxidation resistance. The annealing heat treatment at 800 °C for 5 h induced microstructural transitions in the powder such as the development of equiaxed grains and strain relaxation, both associated with a measured decrease in nano-hardness. Deposition efficiency of the annealed powder was about three times more than the as-received electrolytic Cr powder. In addition, the utilization of the annealed powder reduced substrate deformation effects. A qualitative explanation of the effects powder microstructure on the cold spray deposition process in terms of the resulting coating microstructures and deposition efficiencies has been introduced. Finally, high-temperature exposure tests indicated that oxidation resistance of these Cr coatings was comparable to that previously reported for those produced using gas-atomized Cr powder. This study suggests that annealing of electrolytic Cr powder is a practical and economically favorable pathway to produce oxidation-resistant cold spray Cr coatings. More generally, use of the widely available electrolytic and mechanically milled powder vastly opens scope of cold spray deposition process, where atomized powders may not be either available or challenging to produce.
Development of a Reflective Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometer (SHS) for Spaceflight Applications from the Extreme UV to Near IR

A RSHS is an interferometric technique with broad applicability for remote sensing of diffuse emissions. We report on lab, field, and spaceflight development of RSHS for narrow and broadband applications from the EUV.