cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deeper by the Dozen: Understanding the Cross-field Temperature Distributions of Coronal Loops

Spectroscopic analysis of coronal loops has revealed a variety of cross-field temperature distributions. Some loops appear to be isothermal while others require multithermal plasma. The EUV Imaging Spectrometer on Hinode has the spatial resolution and temperature coverage required for differential emission measure (DEM) analysis of coronal loops. Our results also use data from the X-Ray Telescope on Hinode as a high-temperature constraint. Of our 12 loops, two were post-flare loops with broad temperature distributions, two were narrow but not quite isothermal, and the remaining eight were in the mid range. We consider our DEM methods to be a significant advance over previous work, and it is also reassuring to learn that our findings are consistent with results available in the literature. For the quiescent loops analyzed here, 10 MK plasma, a signature of nanoflares, appears to be absent at a level of approximately two orders of magnitude down from the DEM peak. We find some evidence that warmer loops require broader DEMs. The cross-field temperatures obtained here cannot be modeled as single flux tubes. Rather, the observed loop must be composed of several or many unresolved strands. The plasma contained in each of these strands could be cooling at differentmore » rates, contributing to the multithermal nature of the observed loop pixels. An important implication of our DEM results involves observations from future instruments. Once solar telescopes can truly resolve X-ray and EUV coronal structures, these images would have to reveal the loop substructure implied by our multithermal results.« less
Bidirectional Effects of Interleukin-1 on Immune Responses in Rhesus Monkeys

Abstract Physiological and pharmacological doses of recombinant human interleukin-1 (IL-1) were administered intravenously to juvenile rhesus monkeys in order to evaluate its effects on immune and endocrine activity. Mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation was increased following 1-ng and 1-μg doses of IL-1, but decreased following 10- and 50-μg doses. Natural killer cell cytotoxicity was also significantly reduced at the 10-μg dose and tended to be below baseline at the 50-μg dose. These changes were associated with marked neutrophilia observed after administration of IL-1. These results indicate that peripheral administration of IL-1 can either enhance or inhibit the numbers and responses of immune cells in rhesus monkeys depending on the dose administered. These responses may have been the result of differential activation of the endocrine system, because levels of pituitary hormones in plasma increased progressively with increasing doses of IL-1. Thus, the extent to which a particular dose of IL-1 induces the release of pituitary-adrenal hormones may be related to the direction and magnitude of the resulting changes in immune activity.
Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis: alterations in inflammation, innate immune response, and the microbiota

Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis: alterations in inflammation, innate immune response, and the microbiota
Characterization of acute hemodynamic effects of antidiuretic agonists in conscious dogs

Conscious dogs instrumented for the measurement of arterial pressure and cardiac output (electromagnetic flowmeter) received intravenous injections of 4-valine-8-D-arginine vasopressin (VDAVP) and 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (dDAVP), two specific antidiuretic agonists. Both agents led within minutes to dose-dependent increases in cardiac output and heart rate, as well as to decreases of total peripheral resistance and mean arterial pressure. Indomethacin did not affect the hemodynamic responses to VDAVP administration. The analog 8-arginine-9-desglycinamide vasopressin, which retains behavioral effects of vasopressin but is a weak antidiuretic agonist, showed only weak hemodynamic effects that were similar in nature to those of VDAVP and dDAVP. Thus, the capability to increase cardiac output and decrease peripheral resistance appeared to correlate best with the antidiuretic activity of the three vasopressin analogs tested. We also observed that pretreatment of dogs with a combined vasopressor (V1) and antidiuretic (V2) vasopressin antagonist completely prevented the increase in cardiac output that is normally associated with the infusion of arginine-vasopressin, 10 ng kg-1 min-1, after V1 blockade. Our results confirm the existence of powerful, dose-related hemodynamic effects of various antidiuretic agonists in conscious dogs; these effects being opposite to those normally elicited by arginine-vasopressin.
Hyoid Displacement in Post-Treatment Cancer Patients: Preliminary Findings.

Purpose Dysphagia after head and neck cancer treatment is a health care issue; in some cases, the cause of death is not cancer but, rather, the passage of food or liquid into the lungs. Hyoid displ...
Influence of intracellular pH on the membrane potential of cultured carotid body glomus cells.

The influence of acidity on the resting potential (Em of cultured rat glomus cells was studied with arrow range (7.32–7.44) of extracellular pH (pH0). Under these conditions, the intracellular pH (pHi) ranged from 6.3 to 7.21. Resting potentials were most negative when pHi was lowest, and least negative whe pHi was highest. These effects were deteremined by the equilibrium potential of h+ ions (EH) since EH linearly followed EH. However, EH was little affected by pH0. Therefore, intracellular, and not extracellular, acidity was most important in contributing to the Em of glomus cells.
Lethal Hypoglycemic Ketosis and Glyceroluria in Mice Lacking Both the Mitochondrial and the Cytosolic Glycerol Phosphate Dehydrogenases

Abstract The activities of either the mitochondrial or cytosolic glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (mGPD, cGPD) plus that of glycerol kinase are required for the use of glycerol in aerobic metabolism and gluconeogenesis. A knockout mouse lacking mGPD has reduced body weight and fertility but shows remarkably normal liver and muscle metabolite levels. The BALB/cHeA mouse strain, which lacks cGPD, breeds well and is phenotypically normal, although it demonstrates metabolite abnormalities in certain tissues. Crosses were made between these two strains, and mice were generated that lacked both dehydrogenases. These mice, although active and nursing well for several days, failed to grow, and usually died within the first week. Liver glycerol phosphate levels were elevated 30-fold, whereas liver ATP, ADP, and AMP levels were reduced by 30–40%. Plasma glycerol was elevated 30- to 50-fold to 30–50 mm, and urine glycerol exceeded 0.45 m (4% w/v). GPD-deficient mice were hypoglycemic, had a 50% increase in plasma free fatty acids, and developed ketonuria within the first day of life. Uncoupling protein-1 mRNA in brown adipose tissue was reduced 60%. These mice share some features of both glycerol kinase deficiency and hereditary fructose intolerance, suggesting the phenotype may be due to the combined effects of the loss of a gluconeogenic substrate, the osmotic effects of glycerol, and the metabolic effects of the accumulation of a phosphorylated metabolite.
p53 and ΔNp63α differentially bind and regulate target genes involved in cell cycle arrest, DNA repair and apoptosis

The mechanism by which the p53 family of proteins coordinately regulates select target genes after various types of cell stress is not well understood. To further define factors that dictate regulation of target genes, we examined the binding of p53, ΔNp63α and RNA polymerase II (pol II) to the regulatory regions of select target genes in primary human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) using chromatin immunoprecipitation. In rapidly proliferating cells, we observed constitutive binding of ΔNp63α and varying levels of p53 binding, to consensus sites in target genes involved in cell cycle arrest, DNA repair and apoptosis. Following genotoxic stress, p53 occupancy increased whereas ΔNp63α occupancy decreased at the majority of binding sites examined. Microarray analysis of transcripts isolated from HEKs ectopically expressing p53 and ΔNp63α revealed an inverse regulation of select target genes by the two family members. Collectively, our results suggest that ΔNp63α can function as a repressor of select p53 target genes involved in growth arrest, DNA repair and apoptosis, and that the location of the p53 consensus binding site(s) in a target gene may dictate whether pol II is constitutively bound in proliferating cells.
Understanding the Effectiveness of a Co-Located Wireless Channel Monitoring Surrogate System

In Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), channel management is important in achieving reliable data communications and satisfying QoS requirements. The key aspects of wireless channel management are monitoring the channel quality and adapting quickly to the network conditions by switching to a better channel. We propose a wireless channel monitoring system with co-located monitoring surrogates. Our system works on multi-radio Access Points (APs) where a co-located surrogate radio monitors the condition of various channels while the master radio serves the clients for data communication. Although we have designed our system for generic WLANs, we believe it will be most useful for IEEE 802.11n networks where there are a large number of channels and dynamic frequency selection is required. Our system enables intelligent, fast channel adaptation, reduces service disruption time, and consequently helps realize the performance potential of 802.11n. We present our multi-radio co-located wireless channel monitoring surrogate system and evaluate its effectiveness on our IEEE 802.11n network testbed. We also perform case studies to demonstrate the benefit our system brings compared against the existing schemes.
The terminator "toy" chemistry test: a simple tool to assess errors in transport schemes

Abstract. This test extends the evaluation of transport schemes from prescribed advection of inert scalars to reactive species. The test consists of transporting two interacting chemical species in the Nair and Lauritzen 2-D idealized flow field. The sources and sinks for these two species are given by a simple, but non-linear, "toy" chemistry that represents combination (X + X → X2) and dissociation (X2 → X + X). This chemistry mimics photolysis-driven conditions near the solar terminator, where strong gradients in the spatial distribution of the species develop near its edge. Despite the large spatial variations in each species, the weighted sum XT = X + 2X2 should always be preserved at spatial scales at which molecular diffusion is excluded. The terminator test demonstrates how well the advection–transport scheme preserves linear correlations. Chemistry–transport (physics–dynamics) coupling can also be studied with this test. Examples of the consequences of this test are shown for illustration.
A multiple-porosity method for simulation of naturally fractured petroleum reservoirs

This paper describes the application of the method of ''Multiple Interacting Continua'' (MINC) to the simulation of oil recovery in naturally fractured reservoirs. A generalization of the double-porosity technique, the MINC-method permits a fully transient description of interporosity flow, using numerical methods. The method has been successfully applied in the past to geothermal reservoir and chemical transport problems. In this paper, we present examples to demonstrate the utility of the MINC-method for modeling oil recovery mechanisms and field applications in fractured reservoirs. Specifically, results for water imbibition in individual matrix blocks obtained with the MINC method are compared with results from the conventional double-porosity method and with calculations using a detailed discretization of matrix blocks. The MINC-calculations are found to be accurate to better than 1 percent at all times, while double-porosity results can have large errors for matrix blocks of low permeability or large size. In addition, the MINC-method is used to match published results for five-spot waterfloods, and to study the coning behavior of a single well in the north China oil field. All results show that the MINC-method provides accurate predictions of the behavior of naturally fractured reservoirs, while requiring only a modest increase in computation workmore » in comparison to the double-porosity method. 21 refs., 15 figs., 5 tabs.« less
LONG-TERM PROGNOSIS FOR CHILDREN WITH NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

One hundred fifty children with nephrotic syndrome were diagnosed between 1951 and 1967. Of 132 for whom information was available after 16 to 32 yr, 35 had died (mortality, 27%). Recurring edema and proteinuria had persisted in 15%. Three patients currently are on hemodialysis, and 22 patients died in renal failure which occurred 3 months to 8 years (mean, 3 years) after clinical onset. There were two deaths from complications of the nephrosis or the steroid therapy.
Research in self-powered electronic systems

Research in microelectronics is in increasingly forcussing on self-powered electronic systems to fill the need for emerging applications such as remote wireless sensor networks and medical electronics. This research shows that achievement of self-powered systems requires energy harvesting transducers, and it requires Ultra-Low Power (ULP) electronics. This paper reviews the generic, system requirements of self-powered electronic systems and highlights selected research topics in their design.
Utilizing effective statistical process control limits for critical dimension metrology

To accurately control critical dimension (CD) metrology in a standard real-time solution across a multi-site operation there is a need to collect measure-to-measure and day-to-day variation across all sites. Each individual site's needs, technologies, and resources can affect the final solution. A preferred statistical process control (SPC) solution for testing measure-to-measure and day-to-day variation is the traditional Mean and Range chart. However, replicating the full measurement process needed for the Mean and Range chart in real-time can strain resources. To solve this problem, an initially proposed measurement methodology was to isolate a point of interest, measure the CD feature n number of times, and continue to the next feature; however, the interdependencies in measure-to-measure variation caused by this methodology resulted in exceedingly narrow control limits. This paper explains how traditional solutions to narrow control limits are statistically problematic and explores the approach of computing control limits for the Mean chart utilizing the moving range of sample means to estimate sigma instead of the traditional range method. Tool monitoring data from multiple CD metrology tools are reported and compared against control limits calculated by the traditional approach, engineering limits, and the suggested approach. The data indicate that the suggested approach is the most accurate of the three solutions.
Interval examination: moving toward open notes.

Despite periodic efforts over almost 5 decades, the idea of having patients review and contribute to their medical records has failed to take hold, even though such practice might engage patients more actively in maintaining their health and managing their care and might also improve quality of care and patient safety. Contemporary trends toward increased transparency, accompanied by evolving health information technologies, provided an opportunity for us to conduct a study examining the effects on both patients and primary care physicians (PCPs) of inviting patients to read their doctors’ visit notes. Bolstered by encouraging findings from this study, and with the goal of informing those who might join in further inquiry, we outline in this “interval examination” challenges we are encountering and strategies we are employing as we explore wider implementation of this practice.
Programming for efficiency: The effects of motion economy on vocational tasks for adults with severe and profound mental retardation

Principles of motion economy were assessed with two vocational tasks for two adults with severe to profound mental retardation. Study 1 assessed task acquisition by comparing two tasks (collating three pages, bagging three ribbons), one task trained using the standard job site task analysis, the other trained using a motion economy-based task analysis (requiring less total distance movement to task completion) in two alternating treatments designs. Study 2 assessed task fluency by examining the effects of the motion economy-based task analysis on collating and bagging separately across the same two adults in four reversal designs. Neither task analysis was superior overall in acquisition (Study 1), but once each task was mastered, the motion economy-based task analysis enhanced fluency across both tasks for both participants (Study 2). The use of distance movement as a parameter of response efficiency is discussed when targeting job performance, productivity, and preference.
Anticancer drug design based on plant-derived natural products

This review article focuses on recent research in my laboratory on various classes of compounds that possess potent antitumor activity. These compounds were obtained by bioactivity- and mechanism of action-directed isolation and characterization coupled with rational drug design-based modification and analog synthesis. Structural modification, structure-activity relationship, and mechanism of action studies will be discussed.
Surgical Management of Sarcomas

Nearly all bone and soft tissue sarcomas will require surgical management. Early consultation with a surgeon who is experienced in sarcomas, before a biopsy is performed, will avoid potential errors that may complicate subsequent surgery. Advances in imaging, neoadjuvant therapies, and reconstructive techniques have improved the ability to resect adequately most bone and soft tissue sarcomas. The use of oncologic and functional outcomes assessment tools facilitates the development of improved treatments for sarcoma patients. Results from major centers reveal that most patients who have a nonmetastatic bone or soft tissue sarcoma will survive 5 years after surgery when combined with either chemotherapy or radiation.
Consistency of jackknife estimators of the variances of simple quantiles

Let σ2 be the asymptotic variance of the sample p-quantile (0<p<1). Consistency of the delete-d jackknife estimators of σ2 with d being a fraction of n is proved under very weak conditions. Some other results, such as the asymptotic orders of the moments of the jackknife histograms and an analog of the generalized Helly's theorem, are also established.
Identification of High-Potency Neuropeptide Y Analogues through Systematic Lactamization†

In the pursuit of potent analogues of neuropeptide Y (NPY) that are selective for the Y 1 receptor subtype, two lactam bridge scans of a centrally truncated parent compound were synthesized. A single lactam bridge (γ-carboxyl of Glu to ∈-amino of Lys) extending from residues i to i + 3 or i to i + 4 of the proposed α-helical region (residues 25-31 of NPY) was introduced in desAA 7-24 [Gly 6 ]NPY. Cyclogues (contraction of cyclic analogues), which were approximately one-half the size of native NPY, were initially screened for binding affinity at two discrete NPY receptor types using human neuroblastoma cell membranes, SK-N-MC and SK-N-BE2. Exploitation of the subtle differences present on each receptor type allowed for the identification of cyclogues which bound specifically to Y 1 receptors with increased affinity when compared to the corresponding linear parent analogue, while one short Y 1 specific cyclogue, des-AA 2,3,5,7-24 cyclo-(26/29)[Gly 6 ,Glu 26 ,Lys 29 ,Pro 34 ]NPY, bound with K i = 16 nM. Other cyclogues showed distinct preference for Y 2 receptors and bound in the low-nanomolar range. Functionally, the compounds inhibited the norepinephrine-stimulated accumulation of cAMP indicating that all acted as agonists with varying potencies.
Extended-Linear Hyperspectral Mixing Models

A mixture model for hyperspectral data describes the underlying physics of how constituent substances in a scene affect each other to produce radiance received at each detector pixel. In the linear models the total scene is portrayed as a checkerboard mixture of reflecting surfaces containing fractional abundances of the constituent substances. The radiance measured at a detector pixel is modeled proportional to the same abundance of the constituents wehre interference (interaction) between constituent substances is neglected. In this paper we present a model to account for a multiple reflection process wehreby the measured radiation is the result of multiple inelastic interactions (scattering or reflection) among the constituent components in the scene. While this process is inherently non-linear, and we have constructed an equivalent "extended" linear version of the model, which yields the effective abundance of the end members in the scene. This model seamlessly reduces to the conventional linear model when multiple scattering is absent. We present results of preliminary applications of these models with standard unmixing algorithm. The results show that the inclusion of higher order reflections always produces progressively a better description of the abundances and the interactions between the endmembers in the scene.
Sonography of the Rotator Cuff An Overview

The rotator cuff is formed by the subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles. Together, these muscles help stabilize the glenohumeral joint by holding the head of the hume...
Atrial Fibrillation in Congestive Heart Failure

Atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure are morbid conditions that have common risk factors and frequently coexist. Each condition predisposes to the other, and the concomitant presence of the two identifies individuals at increased risk for mortality. Recent data have emerged that help elucidate the complex genetic and nongenetic pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to the development of atrial fibrillation in individuals with congestive heart failure. Clinical trial results offer insights into the noninvasive prevention and management of these conditions, although newer technologies, such as catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation, have yet to be studied extensively in patients with congestive heart failure.
Observations of a boron carbide electrode

Summary The effectiveness of boron carbide as an electrode in electrochemical studies including voltammetry, anodic stripping, and potentiometry has been investigated. In general, the reproducibility and sensitivity of the electrode was poor. The residual current of the electrode indicated the reduction of adsorbed O 2 and chemisorbed O. Evidence also showed that an irreversible oxide was present on the electrode, which undergoes a chemical reaction with solutions. Thus, pretreatment and present condition of the electrode is an important consideration, since the oxide formation can influence data.
Mycobacterium bovis BCG decreases MHC-II expression in vivo on murine lung macrophages and dendritic cells during aerosol infection

Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis BCG infect APCs. In vitro, mycobacteria inhibit IFN-gamma-induced MHC-II expression by macrophages, but the effects of mycobacteria on lung APCs in vivo remain unclear. To assess MHC-II expression on APCs infected in vivo, mice were aerosol-infected with GFP-expressing BCG. At 28 d, approximately 1% of lung APCs were GFP+ by flow cytometry and CFU data. Most GFP+ cells were CD11b(high)/CD11c(neg-mid) lung macrophages (58-68%) or CD11b(high)/CD11c(high) DCs (28-31%). Lung APC MHC-II expression was higher in infected mice than naive mice. Within infected lungs, however, MHC-II expression was lower in GFP+ cells than GFP- cells for both macrophages and DCs. MHC-II expression was also inhibited on purified lung macrophages and DCs that were infected with BCG in vitro. Thus, lung APCs that harbor mycobacteria in vivo have decreased MHC-II expression relative to uninfected APCs from the same lung, possibly contributing to evasion of T cell responses.
Effect of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy on choroidal thickness in diabetic macular edema

Purpose To determine the effect of anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy on choroidal thickness in eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME). Design A retrospective, cohort analysis of 59 eyes from 59 patients with DME without prior anti-VEGF therapy. Methods Choroidal thickness was measured using semiautomated segmentation of enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography images at 0.5-mm intervals from 2.5 mm nasal to 2.5 mm temporal to the fovea. Changes in choroidal thickness with and without anti-VEGF treatment over 6 months were compared. Best-corrected visual acuity and central foveal thickness were analyzed to evaluate the association of choroidal thickness with functional and anatomic outcomes. Results Of the 59 eyes with DME, 26 eyes were observed without treatment, whereas 33 underwent intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy (mean number of injections, 2.73) over 6 months. In untreated eyes, there was no significant change in best-corrected visual acuity ( P = .098), central foveal thickness ( P = .472), or choroidal thickness at all measurements along the macula ( P = .057 at the fovea). In eyes treated with anti-VEGF injections, choroidal thickness decreased significantly at the fovea (246.6 to 224.8 μm; P P = .002) and 0.5 mm temporal (249.3 to 224.8 μm; P = .011) to the fovea. The decrease in subfoveal choroidal thickness after anti-VEGF treatment was not associated with the cumulative number of anti-VEGF injections ( R 2 = 0.031; P = .327) or to changes in best-corrected visual acuity ( R 2 = 0.017; P = .470) or central foveal thickness ( R 2 = 0.040; P = .263). Conclusions Central choroidal thickness decreases after anti-VEGF therapy for DME after 6 months, but may not be associated with functional or anatomic outcomes in eyes with DME.
Multiplexed immunohistochemistry, imaging, and quantitation: A review, with an assessment of Tyramide signal amplification, multispectral imaging and multiplex analysis

Tissue sections offer the opportunity to understand a patient's condition, to make better prognostic evaluations and to select optimum treatments, as evidenced by the place pathology holds today in clinical practice. Yet, there is a wealth of information locked up in a tissue section that is only partially accessed, due mainly to the limitations of tools and methods. Often tissues are assessed primarily based on visual analysis of one or two proteins, or 2-3 DNA or RNA molecules. Even while analysis is still based on visual perception, image analysis is starting to address the variability of human perception. This is in contrast to measuring characteristics that are substantially out of reach of human perception, such as parameters revealed through co-expression, spatial relationships, heterogeneity, and low abundance molecules. What is not routinely accessed is the information revealed through simultaneous detection of multiple markers, the spatial relationships among cells and tissue in disease, and the heterogeneity now understood to be critical to developing effective therapeutic strategies. Our purpose here is to review and assess methods for multiplexed, quantitative, image analysis based approaches, using new multicolor immunohistochemistry methods, automated multispectral slide imaging, and advanced trainable pattern recognition software. A key aspect of our approach is presenting imagery in a workflow that engages the pathologist to utilize the strengths of human perception and judgment, while significantly expanding the range of metrics collectable from tissue sections and also provide a level of consistency and precision needed to support the complexities of personalized medicine.
Micro-patterned surface for efficient capturing of circulating tumor cells

This work aims to design, fabricate, and characterize a micro-patterned surface that will be integrated into microfluidic devices to enhance particle and rare cell capture efficiency. Capture of ultralow concentration of circulating tumor cells in a blood sample is of vital importance for early diagnostics of cancer diseases. Despite the significant progress achieved in development of cell capture techniques, the enhancement in capture efficiency is still limited and often accompanied with drawbacks such as low throughput, low selectivity, pre-diluting requirement, and cell viability issues. The goal of this work is to design a biomimetic surface that could significantly enhance particle/cell capture efficacy through computational modeling, surface patterning, and microfluidic integration and testing. A PDMS surface with microscale ripples is functionalized with epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) antibody to capture prostate cancer PC3 cells. Our microfluidic chip with micropatterns has shown significantly higher cell capture efficiency and selectivity compared to the chips with plane surface or classical herringbone-grooves.
Differential expression of hZnT-4 in human prostate tissues.

BACKGROUND Altered zinc levels in prostate benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and carcinoma is well documented. It is not known whether loss of zinc, necessary to restrain aggressive growth, results from loss of a single specific or multiple zinc transporters. METHODS Human prostate tissues from patients who underwent radical prostatectomy were screened by RT-PCR analysis for five zinc transporters. Relative cDNA expression was determined in normal, BPH, and tumor specimens and four prostate epithelial cell lines. RESULTS Surgical specimens were obtained from patients with assigned Gleason scores ranging from 5 to 9. Relative expression of hZIP-1 and hZnT-1 were prominent in most samples with relatively lesser degree of expression of hZIP-2 and no detectable expression of hZnT-3. Expression of hZnT-4 was decreased in BPH and tumor samples compared to normal tissue. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that zinc homeostasis in normal prostate tissues results from an interplay of multiple transporters and decreased hZnT-4 expression is associated with prostate tissue abnormalities independent of total cellular zinc content. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
In response to: Method of electronic health record documentation and quality of primary care.

We read with interest the article by Linder, Schnipper, and Middleton comparing dictation, free-text typing, and structured data entry to quality outcomes.1 The authors conclude that using dictation appeared to provide a lower quality of care, but that conclusion seems unsupported by the reported results. Most importantly, the authors themselves note that most of the differences found were not actually quality of care or clinical outcome measures. The authors write that ‘even if documentation style were only associated with better documentation quality, a complete and accurate record is important to demonstrate high-quality care and inform clinical decision support and population management.’ However, the methodology states that text notes were not used for quality assessment, so the ‘missing’ data elements might have been just as completely and accurately …
Closed-form expressions for the current density on the ground plane of a microstrip line, with application to ground plane loss

In this paper closed-form expressions for the current density on the ground plane of a microstrip line are derived. The derivation is based on a quasistatic Green's function approach. These expressions are compared to both experimental and numerical values, and excellent agreement is demonstrated. The loss on a ground plane for a microstrip structure is calculated using these expressions, and comparisons with results from Wheeler's incremental inductance rule are made. >
Anxiety in the Pediatric Medical Setting

The relationship between pediatric anxiety disorders and physical health is not well-understood, but appreciation of the importance of this relationship is growing. Significant functional impairment may accompany a chronic physical health condition such as asthma, diabetes, or epilepsy, and anxiety may complicate the course. In addition, physical disease can present with symptoms of anxiety, and anxiety disorders may present or be associated with physical symptoms such as functional abdominal pain, headache, and fatigue. This article describes anxiety and its association with physical disease, outlines assessment, and presents a treatment overview including psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy.
mediaBlocks: tangible interfaces for online media

MediaBlocks is a tangible interface for physically capturing, transporting, and retrieving online digital media, as well as for physically and digitally manipulating this media. We present a description and video demonstration of mediaBlocks' function, and consider the work as a beginning towards alleviating the abstraction and complexity endemic to traditional computational interfaces.
Overexpression of α (1,6) fucosyltransferase associated with aggressive prostate cancer

Aberrant protein glycosylation is known to be associated with the development of cancers. The aberrant glycans are produced by the combined actions of changed glycosylation enzymes, substrates and transporters in glycosylation synthesis pathways in cancer cells. To identify glycosylation enzymes associated with aggressive prostate cancer (PCa), we analyzed the difference in the expression of glycosyltransferase genes between aggressive and non-aggressive PCa. Three candidate genes encoding glycosyltransferases that were elevated in aggressive PCa were subsequently selected. The expression of the three candidates was then further evaluated in androgen-dependent (LNCaP) and androgen-independent (PC3) PCa cell lines. We found that the protein expression of one of the glycosyltransferases, α (1,6) fucosyltransferase (FUT8), was only detected in PC3 cells, but not in LNCaP cells. We further showed that FUT8 protein expression was elevated in metastatic PCa tissues compared to normal prostate tissues. In addition, using tissue microarrays, we found that FUT8 overexpression was statistically associated with PCa with a high Gleason score. Using PC3 and LNCaP cells as models, we found that FUT8 overexpression in LNCaP cells increased PCa cell migration, while loss of FUT8 in PC3 cells decreased cell motility. Our results suggest that FUT8 may be associated with aggressive PCa and thus is potentially useful for its prognosis.
Adaptive Concatenative Sound Synthesis and Its Application to Micromontage Composition

46 Computer Music Journal Adaptive concatenative sound synthesis (ACSS) is a recent technique for generating and transforming digital sound. Variations of sounds are synthesized from short segments of others in the manner of collage based on a measure of similarity. In electroacoustic music, this has been done by manually locating, categorizing, arranging, and splicing analog tape or digital samples—a style termed micromontage (Roads 2001, pp. 182–187). This is akin to performing granular synthesis by hand. Instead, ACSS provides an intuitive way to automate and control this procedure, freeing time for experimenting and composing with this flexible sound-synthesis technique. As an automation of micromontage methods informed by signal processing and extended to databases of any size, ACSS provides new paths for the art and science of sound collage. Sound synthesis and design—the general organization of sound objects—can develop in directions that are manually prohibitive. Additionally, ACSS provides a creative interface to large databases of sound, where the “query-byexample” paradigm becomes “synthesize-bysound-example.” Through several illustrative examples, including compositions exploring aspects of the algorithm, this article attempts to demonstrate the potential of ACSS for these applications. A brief history of micromontage and the concepts behind ACSS are presented. Several implementations are reviewed, and a new one is demonstrated and compared to these. Finally, its application to composing in the style of micromontage is explored and analyzed. In the end, it is argued that ACSS provides a flexible, intuitive, and natural way to shape sound. A Brief History of Micromontage
ReMDoR: remote multimedia document retrieval over partial order transport

This paper presents results from performance experiments that demonstrate and quantify performance improvements when a PO/R transpor5t service is used instead of an ordered/reliable service (O/R e.g., TCP) or an unordered/unreliable service (e.g. UDP). We first describe the Remote Multimedia Document Retrieval system (ReMDoR), an experimental application developed by the authors to evaluate the performance of remote document retrieval over a variety of transport protocols. We then provide a detailed analysis of experiments comparing O/R service to PO/R service for retrieval of a multimedia document. Our results show that between 5% and 10% loss, user-perceivable improvements in progressive display are obtained when PO/R service is used. These results suggest that when packet losses occur in an underlying packet-switched network, transport services providing reliable delivery over independent streams (such the emerging Internet protocol SCTP) are beneficial for retrieval of streaming multimedia.
Endogenous Opioids Interfere With Pavlovian Second-Order Fear Conditioning

Second-order classical (Pavlovian) aversive conditioning was used to determine whether endogenous opiates play a role in the acquisition of associative learning. Second-order conditioning avoids confounding drug effects on associative learning with altered responsiveness to unconditioned stimuli (e.g., hyperalgesia). Administration of the prototypical opiate antagonist naloxone (2.0 mg/kg) prior to the second-order training session specifically facilitated associative learning as indicated by greater lick suppression over 3 days of testing. This result suggests that endogenous opiates retard the acquisition of associative learning, which complements previous studies demonstrating an opioid attenuation of memory consolidation.
Understanding and Evaluating Shoulder Pain in the Throwing Athlete

Shoulder pain in the throwing athlete can present at any age and in any level of sport and can lead to dysfunction. A thorough evaluation of the throwing athlete can often determine the cause of symptoms, which is frequently multifactorial. Although the pathophysiology leading to pain in the shoulder of the throwing athlete is not entirely known, nonoperative modalities remain the mainstay of treatment. In general, surgical intervention should be reserved as a last resort. Effective treatment often requires collaboration among trainers, players, physicians, and therapists to determine an appropriate course of action.
SALT DEPRIVATION AND LOW TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY OF Vibrio parahaemolyticus

The relationship of low temperature survival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus to the NaCl concentration and temperature of growth and suspending media was investigated. Morphological changes under these growth conditions were noted and the response of the organism in oysters stored at 4°C was also studied. The survival of V. parahaemolyticus was complete in solutions of 1.0M and 0.5M NaCl, independent of exposure temperature, and few survivors were detected following exposure to 0.01M NaCl, regardless of exposure temperature or growth conditions. A loss of viability was observed in solutions less than or equal to 0.01M NaCl at 20°C and a further decrease in viability occurred upon exposure to these solutions at 4°C. No benefit was derived from prior growth in a medium containing a higher than optimal concentration of NaCl. However, a growth temperature of 20°C was more favorable to Vibrio survival than either 37°C or 10°C. The cold sensitivity of V. parahaemolyticus can, therefore, be offset if low temperature exposure occurs in a salt solution in excess of 0.5 M NaCl and will also be diminished if growth takes place at 20°C, a temperature close to that of its natural environment in summer.
Comparison of reticular and rectal core body temperatures in lactating dairy cows.

The Phase IV Cattle Temperature Monitoring System (CTMS; Phase IV Engineering Inc., Boulder, CO) marketed by MaGiiX (MaGiiX Inc., Post Falls, ID) uses a passive bolus equipped with a temperature sensor, a panel reader placed at a parlor entrance or exit to query the bolus, and a software package to collect, analyze, and view data. The biologically inert bolus resides in the cow's reticulum and is queried each time the cow passes the reader. Reticular temperature (RETT) and rectal temperature (RECT) were recorded simultaneously in the milking parlor exit lane in 4 consecutive milkings in each of 4 seasons, totaling 16 measurements per cow. The RETT were obtained by using the phase IV CTMS, whereas the RECT were obtained manually with a GLA M750 thermometer (GLA Agricultural Electronics, San Luis Obispo, CA). Data were edited to remove RETT likely to have been affected by a recent drinking bout. For the 2,042 observations used in analyses, means (±SD) were 39.28 (±0.41), 38.83 (±0.36), and 0.45 (±0.33) for RETT, RECT, and the difference between RETT and RECT, respectively. The RETT and RECT were strongly correlated (r = 0.645). The relationship between RETT and RECT varied by season, milking, housing system, and parity. Because dairy producers and veterinarians are accustomed to viewing rectal temperatures, equations to adjust reticular temperatures to a rectal-based scale may increase the utility of the phase IV CTMS. The resulting conversion equations were RECT = 19.23 + 0.496(RETT) for the a.m. milking and RECT = 15.88 + 0.587(RETT) for the p.m. milking.
Monitoring Motor Fluctuations in Patients With Parkinson's Disease Using Wearable Sensors

This paper presents the results of a pilot study to assess the feasibility of using accelerometer data to estimate the severity of symptoms and motor complications in patients with Parkinson's disease. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier was implemented to estimate the severity of tremor, bradykinesia and dyskinesia from accelerometer data features. SVM-based estimates were compared with clinical scores derived via visual inspection of video recordings taken while patients performed a series of standardized motor tasks. The analysis of the video recordings was performed by clinicians trained in the use of scales for the assessment of the severity of Parkinsonian symptoms and motor complications. Results derived from the accelerometer time series were analyzed to assess the effect on the estimation of clinical scores of the duration of the window utilized to derive segments (to eventually compute data features) from the accelerometer data, the use of different SVM kernels and misclassification cost values, and the use of data features derived from different motor tasks. Results were also analyzed to assess which combinations of data features carried enough information to reliably assess the severity of symptoms and motor complications. Combinations of data features were compared taking into consideration the computational cost associated with estimating each data feature on the nodes of a body sensor network and the effect of using such data features on the reliability of SVM-based estimates of the severity of Parkinsonian symptoms and motor complications.
Wafer-level packaging based on uniquely orienting self-assembly (the DUO-SPASS processes)

A wafer-level packaging strategy for micro device chips based on uniquely orienting self-assembly is presented with the following steps: 1) bulk parts are uniquely face- oriented and spread in a single layer; 2) Parts are palletized onto an alignment template having an array of receptor sites; 3) Parts are anchored one-to-one to the receptor sites; 4) Each anchored part is fixed to a unique in-plane orientation. We demonstrate all of these steps with two different self-organizing parallel assembly (SPASS) processes: a semidry uniquely orienting process (semi-DUO-SPASS) and a dry uniquely orienting (DUO-SPASS) process. The semidry process exploits: 1)An agitated air/water interface to uniquely face-orient bulk parts having a single hydrophobic face; 2) A hydrophobic carrier wafer to palletize the parts in an air environment; 3) Orbital shaking to drive the parts until they are anchored to receptor sites; 4) Gravity to uniquely align the parts. Experiments show that 2-mm square silicon parts are correctly registered on a 4-in alignment template having 164 receptor sites with a defect rate of /spl sim/1% after 3min orbital shaking. The dry process utilizes: 1) Asymmetry in dynamic stability to uniquely face-orient bulk parts having protruding features on one face; 2) Orbital shaking to drive the parts until they are first anchored to receptor sites and then fixed in well-defined in-plane orientations by two-stage shape recognition. In our experiments, 1-mm square silicon parts are assembled with a defect rate of /spl sim/2% in 10min on each of two 4-in alignment templates having, respectively, 397 and 720 receptor sites.
Human Cytomegalovirus-Encoded Interleukin-10 Homolog Inhibits Maturation of Dendritic Cells and Alters Their Functionality

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) suppresses the maturation and cytokine production of dendritic cells (DCs), key regulators of adaptive immunity, and prevents the activation and polarization of naive T cells towards protective gamma interferon-producing effectors. We hypothesized that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) utilizes its viral IL-10 homolog (cmvIL-10) to attenuate DC functionality, thereby subverting the efficient induction of antiviral immune responses. RNA and protein analyses demonstrated that the cmvIL-10 gene was expressed with late gene kinetics. Treatment of immature DCs (iDCs) with supernatant from HCMV-infected cultures inhibited both the lipopolysaccharide-induced DC maturation and proinflammatory cytokine production. These inhibitory effects were specifically mediated through the IL-10 receptor and were not observed when DCs were treated with supernatant of cells infected with a cmvIL-10-knockout mutant. Incubation of iDCs with recombinant cmvIL-10 recapitulated the inhibition of maturation. Furthermore, cmvIL-10 had pronounced long-term effects on those DCs that could overcome this inhibition of maturation. It enhanced the migration of mature DCs (mDCs) towards the lymph node homing chemokine but greatly reduced their cytokine production. The inability of mDCs to secrete IL-12 was maintained, even when they were restimulated by the activated T-cell signal CD40 ligand in the absence of cmvIL-10. Importantly, cmvIL-10 potentiates these anti-inflammatory effects, at least partially, by inducing endogenous cellular IL-10 expression in DCs. Collectively, we show that cmvIL-10 causes long-term functional alterations at all stages of DC activation.
The Western Pennsylvania dialect of American English

The dialect of Western Pennsylvania is one of the chief varieties of American English and may be considered a subdialect of the so-called General American speech. The dialect has Pittsburgh for its focal point and extends for a radius of probably no more than 200 miles around that city.
High altitude bottomside bubbles

The ion drift meter on the polar orbiting DMSP F-10 spacecraft observed bubble-like features near the magnetic equator that have remarkably continuous transitions in ion concentration (Ni) and drift velocity, where there is a high positive correlation between upward velocity and decreased Ni. This is in marked contrast to the virtually discontinuous transitions that are characteristics of most bubbles. We conclude that these new features were probably observed on the bottomside of the F-layer at DMSP altitudes (750–850 km), much higher than normally accepted values. These observations were made during Feb.-Mar.-Apr. of 1991, when Ni exceeded 106cm−3 on nearly every equator crossing.