cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
People Who Have Their Tickets But Do Not Use Them: “Motor Voter,” Registration, and Turnout Revisited

We reexamine the effects of the National Voter Registration Act (NVRA) legislation on aggregate participation rates in the states. We approach NVRA as working directly on registration, and only indirectly on turnout, and we argue that the most appropriate way to evaluate NVRA is to examine how it translates increased registration into turnout. Using Federal Election Commission/Electoral Assistance Commission and census data, we find that an unanticipated impact of NVRA has been to alter the long-standing empirical relationship between registration and turnout. Further analyses suggest this failure to transmit registration into turnout may, ironically, be the result of another success of NVRA—an increase in the relative equality of registrants. By encouraging lower income citizens to register, NVRA has helped create a pool of registered citizens less likely to vote. These findings have implications for discussions of NVRA and for the participation literature that views registration as a primary catalyst fo...
Beta-phase retention in uranium alloys☆

Abstract X-ray diffraction has been used to show that beta phase (the intermediate temperature tetragonal polymorph of uranium) can be retained at 20 °C in U-Cr and U-Mo alloys, but not in U-Nb or U-Ti alloys. Chromium-saturated beta phase is mechanically stable and its retention causes severe embrittlement. Molybdenum-saturated beta phase is mechanically unstable, and undergoes a stress- or strain-induced transformation to alpha phase. This mechanically induced transformation greatly reduces beta-phase embrittlement, but does not produce more ductility than can be obtained in conventional alpha-phase alloys.
Unveiling the Third Force: Toward Transitional Justice in the USA and South Africa, 1973–1994

This study compares the American and South African security responses to perceived communist-inspired insurgencies—the American Indian Movement in the USA and the United Democratic Front/African National Congress in South Africa. In each instance, the governments employed third force techniques by utilizing surrogates, informants, provocateurs, and hit squads. As a result, these official entities became complicit in the criminal political violence that ravaged the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, KwaZulu-Natal, and the Rand townships between 1973 and 1994. This study also examines how investigative commissions in each country endeavored to expose official misconduct and hold these agencies accountable for their actions. Despite the differences in the scale of each insurgency as well as the overall purpose of each counterinsurgency campaign, this article finds common ground in the rationale, implementation, and effects of the security responses in each country.
Capillary electrophoresis for therapeutic drug monitoring

Therapeutic drug monitoring is commonly used in both the ambulatory and hospital patient care settings. Routine measurement of concentrations of therapeutic agents in biological fluids is critical for certain drugs to maintain therapeutic benefit with minimizing drug-associated toxicities. Many analytical laboratory techniques are currently available to measure drug concentrations in biological samples. Recently there has been an increased interest in the use of capillary electrophoresis (CE) for measuring concentrations of therapeutic drugs in patient samples. However, while there are numerous reports of CE being used to measure drug concentrations in solution and pharmaceutical dosage forms, there are relatively few reports of the use of CE for measuring therapeutic agents in patient samples. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of methods currently used to measure therapeutic drugs in patient samples along with possible future trends for the use of CE in therapeutic drug monitoring.
Phosducin-like protein 1 is essential for G protein assembly and signaling in retinal rod photoreceptors

G-protein β subunits perform essential neuronal functions as part of G-protein βγ and Gβ5-regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) complexes. Both Gβγ and Gβ5-RGS are obligate dimers that are thought to require the assistance of the cytosolic chaperonin CCT and a cochaperone, phosducin-like protein 1 (PhLP1) for dimer formation. To test this hypothesis in vivo, we deleted the Phlp1 gene in mouse (Mus musculus) retinal rod photoreceptor cells and measured the effects on G-protein biogenesis and visual signal transduction. In the PhLP1-depleted rods, Gβγ dimer formation was decreased 50-fold, resulting in a >10-fold decrease in light sensitivity. Moreover, a 20-fold reduction in Gβ5 and RGS9–1 expression was also observed, causing a 15-fold delay in the shutoff of light responses. These findings conclusively demonstrate in vivo that PhLP1 is required for the folding and assembly of both Gβγ and Gβ5-RGS9.
A comparison of the cross-cultural adaptive process with adolescence.

Summary The concepts of regression and regression in the service of the ego are defined and discussed. Regression is considered to be a phenomenon occurring under stress, (i.e., acutely) or characterologically (i.e., chronically). It is considered to be characterized by thoughts, feelings, or actions appropriate for an earlier stage of development. Adolescence is considered to be a phase of development, with its own growth tasks and peculiar normative symptomatology. The concepts of ego-identity and identity diffusion are defined and discussed. The relationship to adolescence of prejudice and of the mechanisms of projection are also considered. The concept of regression of the adult to the adolescent level of emotional development in the face of stress is proposed. This regression is considered to be comparable to regression to earlier stages of development. The threat of dissolution of the established system of values can be lessened by regression to the adolescent phase of development; that is, to the phase of formation of ego identity. A study of Coelho concerning the changing images of the United States of America as seen by Indians studying in this country is used as material which is analyzed in terms of the concept of regression to the phase of ego identity or the adolescent phase of development. On the basis of their length of stay in our country the Indian students studied by Coelho successively developed four attitudes toward the United States of America. With time their initial fantasies of boundless understanding were followed by bitter anger and disappointment, but as their friendship pattern became more secure and more defined a final re-synthesis of their own values with the new values occurred. The anger and the other symptoms displayed by the students are seen as regression to the ego identity phase of development, such regression occurring in the service of the ego. This is documented and emphasized by the final resynthesis of values and by the growth of these students. A comparison is drawn between the Indian students and the normal adolescent. Both have to integrate the values of multiple, and possibly conflicting, reference groups. Mechanisms and symptoms, particularly projection and forms of prejudice, as well as the tasks of final resolution of identity by means of integration of values and reference group ideals seem similar in both groups.
A Study of the Diacetyl in Cheese. I. Diacetyl Content and Flavor of Cheddar Cheese

Summary Diacetyl is a prominent element in the flavor of many food products. To determine its presence in cheese and to make quantitative measurements of it, the colorimetric method described by Prill and Hammer (10) was modified. The color of the ammono-ferrous dimethylglyoximate formed in this procedure was measured spectrophotometrically. Diacetyl was found in all lots and kinds of cheese examined. The majority of the lots contained less than 0.05 mg. of diacetyl per 100 g. of cheese. The diacetyl content of Cheddar cheese ranged from 0.016 mg. to 0.335 mg. per 100 g. of cheese. A small quantity of diacetyl probably contributes to the typical flavor of Cheddar cheese. The majority of the lots of Cheddar cheese with an excellent flavor had a diacetyl content of less than 0.05 mg. per 100 g. Larger amounts of diacetyl than this frequently appear to be associated with flavor defects.
The volume and surface area of a uniformly rotating polytrope

This paper develops algebraic expressions for the volume and surface area of a uniformly rotating polytrope. The expressions depend on an analytic theory for boundary shape developed in previous papers. A comparison with the calculations of James indicates the present theory improves on the original Chandrasekhar theory by a factor 10 or more.
Erratum: a nonlinear stability analysis of a model equation for liquid phase electro-epitaxial growth of a dilute binary substance

An investigation is made of the weakly nonlinear morphological stability of a uniformly moving planar solid-liquid interface during the controlled unidirectional solidification of a dilute binary substance by the process of liquid phase electro-epitaxy (LPEE). A prototype model equation for LPEE is considered which postulates two-dimensional diffusion and electromigration of solute under a fixed temperature gradient and electric current. The results of this nonlinear analysis, which can be represented in a plot of temperature gradient versus the component of solidification growth rate due to diffusion for a particular imposed electric field, are then compared with those obtained in the absence of that electric current, the latter being a model for thermal liquid phase epitaxy (LPE). If the electric current is increased beyond a certain critical value for a solid substrate such that the electric field enhances the overall solidification growth rate, then the subcritical instability always present during LP...
Dynamic simulation of a multicomponent distillation column with asymmetric dynamics

The dynamic behavior of an existing industrial distillation column with eight components and twenty trays has been investigated. The column exhibits “asymmetric dynamics”, since the time required to move from one steady state to another can vary significantly depending on the direction of the change. The column also exhibits highly nonlinear behavior and very long response times for intermediate ranges of step disturbances. These long response times are associated with the migration of key components through the column. On a etudie le comportement dynamique d'une colonne a distiller industrielle existante impliquant huit composants et vingt plateaux. La colonne presente une “dissymetrie de comportement”, vu que le temps requis pour passer d'un regime stationnaire a un autre peut varier de facon significative selon la direction du changement. La colonne presente aussi un comportement non lineaire et des tres longs temps de reponse, pour les gammes intermediaires de perturbations par echelons; ces long temps des reponses sont associes a la migration des principaux composants a travers la colonne.
Optimism, pessimism, and false failure feedback: Effects on vigilance performance

Following the logic of a prior experiment (Seligman et al., 1990) with varsity collegiate swimmers, sixty student volunteers performed a brief, but highly stressful vigilance task. Half were then given false feedback indicating poor performance; the others experienced a non-evaluative display at that point. All were then asked to repeat the vigil. Half the observers were assessed as high optimists and half as high pessimists. The pessimists showed a steeper vigilance decrement than the optimists, consistent with a model (Scheier and Carver, 1987) that proposes that pessimists are more emotion-focused under stress than optimists, and hence would be less attentive to the vigilance display, regardless of feedback condition. The false negative feedback actually turned out to be ineffective; hence, based on Seligman's account of the swimmer study, which requires effective negative feedback, there should have been no vigilance performance difference between optimists and pessimists, either pre- or post-feedback.
Functional status and the elderly cancer patient

Evaluation of functional status plays a unique role in the assessment of older cancer patients. While performance status has been the traditional method for oncologists to assess the impact of a cancer patient's disease, older cancer patients may require a more thorough evaluation of their functional status. Evaluation of functional status provides information that can predict outcomes and may provide information that can be utilized to improve function. Functional status evaluation can be useful throughout the patient's illness, at the initial diagnostic evaluation, for determining appropriate therapies, for the monitoring of therapeutic effect and finally in the palliative phase. There are many different methods available to assess functional status. Individual assessment of functional status in the context of a geriatric assessment may be an important component of the care older cancer patients receive.
Communities in Conflict: The Struggle for AIDS Prevention

While syringe exchange has been internationally promoted as an effective means of reducing HIV risk among injection drug users, it remains one of the most controversial HIV prevention measures available [McCoy et al. 1997, Singer 1994, Broadhead et al. 1999]. Syringe exchange is the provision of sterile syringes and risk reduction services in exchange for used syringes turned in by injection drug users. The Hispanic Health Council (HHC) became involved in work on syringe exchange during the early 1990s, and played a role as an advocacy organization in getting Connecticut state approval for the Hartford Syringe Exchange Program, in organizing the Hartford Syringe Exchange, and in evaluating the program (Singer 2001). This paper uses the debate over syringe exchange in Springfield, Massachusetts, as a case study of the dynamics of community opposition to syringe exchange programs and the role anthropologists have played in shaping and contributing to that debate. If one of our goals as researchers is the di...
Integral points on Abelian varieties

The conjecture of Lang referred to above asserts that the set in Theorem 1 is finite for any choice of non-constant function f such that ( f )~ is ample. (It also applies to abelian varieties which are not Jacobians.) Using the standard trick of mapping an arbitrary abelian variety into a Jacobian, we can use Theorem 1 to give other finiteness results 9 Although not the strongest possible formulation, we will content ourselves with the following, which fits into the framework of the recent conjectures of Vojta [9].
The Effect of Honduran Counseling Practices on the North American Counseling Profession: The Power of Poverty

A team of researchers consisting of counselor education professors and doctoral-level counseling students conducted interviews with Honduran mental health professionals, including counselors, psychologists, pastors, community developmental specialists, and psychiatrists. The purpose was to understand the counseling process and profession that exists in a developing economy. The results are focused on the pervasive effects of poverty on the profession, the training of counselors, and the nature of counseling interventions.
Swarm‐feeding by the damselfly Hetaerina americana (Odonata: Calopterygidae) on mayfly hatches∗

Abstract An interesting and unusual instance of swarm‐feeding was observed when large numbers of the damselfly, Hetaerina americana fed on hatches of mayfly subimagos over riffle areas of the White River in Indiana. The phenomenon of swarm‐feeding in Odonata is reviewed and delineated and the behavior observed for H. americana differs considerably from previously observed patterns.
Tensor Decompositions and Applications

This survey provides an overview of higher-order tensor decompositions, their applications, and available software. A tensor is a multidimensional or $N$-way array. Decompositions of higher-order tensors (i.e., $N$-way arrays with $N \geq 3$) have applications in psycho-metrics, chemometrics, signal processing, numerical linear algebra, computer vision, numerical analysis, data mining, neuroscience, graph analysis, and elsewhere. Two particular tensor decompositions can be considered to be higher-order extensions of the matrix singular value decomposition: CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP) decomposes a tensor as a sum of rank-one tensors, and the Tucker decomposition is a higher-order form of principal component analysis. There are many other tensor decompositions, including INDSCAL, PARAFAC2, CANDELINC, DEDICOM, and PARATUCK2 as well as nonnegative variants of all of the above. The N-way Toolbox, Tensor Toolbox, and Multilinear Engine are examples of software packages for working with tensors.
Ethical Concerns in Researching Collaborative Natural Resource Management

Using three cases of watershed management in the Midwest as illustrations, this article argues that existing ethical guidelines for researching collaborative natural resource management are not always sufficient. While most researchers are monitored by institutional review boards, there are still numerous decisions that the researcher can make in the course of conducting research that can cause unintentional harm to the researched individuals and communities. The article focuses primarily on ethical considerations related to (1) collecting data and (2) publishing and dissemination of findings. The article concludes with suggested guidelines for conducting research on collaborative natural resource management efforts.
A force limiting adaptive controller for a robotic system undergoing a non-contact to contact transition

In this paper, we consider a two link planar robotic arm that transitions from free motion to contact with an unactuated mass-spring system. The objective is to control a robot from a non-contact initial condition to a desired (in- contact) position so that the mass-spring system is regulated to a desired compressed state. The feedback elements for the controller in this paper are contained inside of hyperbolic tangent functions as a means to limit the impact forces resulting from large initial conditions as the robot transitions from a non-contact to contact state. New control development, closed- loop error systems, and Lyapunov-based stability analysis arguments are used to conclude the result.
Relationships Between Anxiety and Sleep and Feeding in Young Children with ASD

The purpose of this study was to describe anxiety symptoms in a large sample of young children (ages 2–6 years of age) with ASD and examine the relationship of anxiety with other characteristics. This study included 118 children with an average age of nearly 4 years. Parents completed reports of anxiety symptoms, sleep, and feeding. Regression modeling was used to determine if elevated anxiety symptoms were related to age, cognitive functioning, diagnostic status, sleep, and feeding behaviors. Anxiety symptoms were present in 16–19 % of the sample. Anxiety symptoms predicted more sleep disturbance and were associated with a higher likelihood of elevated score on the feeding measure. Anxiety symptoms are present in young children with ASD more than in young typically developing children. Moreover, anxiety symptoms predicted sleep disturbances and, less robustly, increase the chances of feeding problem. Directions for further study and intervention implications are discussed.
Complementary and alternative medicine in pediatric allergic disorders.

Purpose of review Allergic disorders represent serious public health problem in children. The chronic nature of these diseases and the fear of known side effects of synthetic drugs influence many families to seek complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). This review focuses on TCM herbal products, acupuncture for treating paediatric allergies.
Long-term Outcomes in Mothers Diagnosed With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Their Offspring

Mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at high lifetime risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. The magnitude of risk for cardiovascular disease after GDM is less well established. Recently, intervention trials using lifestyle modification or medications used to treat type 2 DM ha
Relation of clinical success in coronary brachytherapy to dose.

Intravascular brachytherapy is the primary treatment for coronary in-stent restenosis. Variations in dose in the treated artery may represent a potential cause of treatment failure. We compared dose distributions in patients who had developed recurrent restenosis (treatment failure) with those in patients who remained event free at 9 months (treatment success). We followed 140 patients who were receiving brachytherapy for in-stent restenosis with 4 radiation delivery devices to identify treatment failures and successes. Through a nested case-control construct, treatment failures (n = 14) were compared 1:2 with treatment successes (n = 28) matched by radiation delivery system and in-stent restenosis lesion pattern. The dose absorbed by 90% of the artery encompassed by the external elastic membrane (D 90 EEM) was calculated by applying intravascular ultrasound at 2-mm intervals along the treated lesion. Dose calculations were performed using dose kernel integration techniques generated from Monte Carlo simulations. The mean minimum D 90 EEM in treatment failures was 7.46 ± 1.98 Gy, and that in treatment successes was 8.87 ± 1.13 Gy (p = 0.007). Using a minimum dose threshold of 8.4 Gy, a minimum D 90 EEM ≤8.4 Gy occurred in 13 patients (93%) whose treatment failed but only in 9 patients (32%) whose treatment was a success (p ≤0.001). No confounding variables were found to be statistically significant between treatment failures and successes. In conclusion, current brachytherapy dose prescriptions allow for inter- and intralesion variations in dose. Arteries that receive ≤8.4 Gy at any point along the external elastic membrane are more likely to result in treatment failures. Dosimetry guided by intravascular ultrasound may be critical to ensure adequate dose delivery and outcomes.
Permanent income, hedonic prices, and demand for housing: New evidence

Abstract Housing demand is examined by looking quite specifically at the income and price variables based on individual household data. Permanent and transitory incomes are computed through instrumental variables related to human and nonhuman wealth. A price is constructed by spatially varying hedonic techniques. Separation of measured income into permanent and transitory components substantially improves the predictive power of the housing demand estimation and leads to demand elasticities of +1 and −1 with respect to permanent income and price. The permanent income elasticity is roughly twice the measured income elasticity.
Old institutions, new opportunities: the emerging nature of Koranic schools in Somaliland in the 1990s

Abstract While Koranic schools are omnipresent throughout Somaliland and can boast a student enrolment rate of 60% compared to just 17% in primary schools, their contribution to basic education is either not known or thought to be insignificant. This paper reports on a survey to establish the current structure of Koranic schools in Somaliland, with a view to documenting the changing nature of the institution and assessing its potential to effectively address the expansion of basic education. It discusses survey findings on the material conditions of the Koranic schools; enrolment by age and sex; background of the teachers; opportunities for learning beyond memorisation of the Koran; and level of community and outside involvement in managing and sustaining the schools. The conclusion drawn is that Koranic schools have remained remarkably resilient and popular since their introduction in Somaliland 700 years ago, and contrary to common beliefs about the institution, virtually all the Koranic schools surveyed included elements of basic education and thus offered more than rote memorisation of the Koran. Although more research is required, the evidence appears to strongly support the possibility of widening the focus of Koranic schools to include primary education as envisioned by the Somaliland white paper on education. Koranic schools have the advantage of high coverage, low cost and willingness of parents to pay. Without an effective bridge to formally link Koranic and primary schools, the paper suggests that Somaliland may never be able to lift itself out of the present spiral of low human capital development and under-investment in the most vital base of its population, the children. Nor could Somaliland meaningfully aspire to the objective of Education for All, including nomads, or any future national development objectives that are based on a large educated labour force. On the other hand, the introduction of basic education in Koranic schools will contribute both instantly and immensely to human resources development in the Republic, by targeting the large number of in-Koranic-school but out-of-primary-school children.
Solar energy: Its status and prospects

There is a clear need for development of alternative energy sources to replace the depleting hydrocarbon fuels on which we depend for 3/4 of our energy. The characteristics that would be desirable of future energy sources are that they be extensive, inexhaustible, widely available and that they present the minimum hazards to health, the environment, and the "quality of life". Solar energy, as one of the proposed alternatives, is examined here; the principal subprograms are summarized and their present status is described. The state of development of the different solar technologies varies widely from solar heating of buildings that is ready for commercial development to ocean thermal generation of electricity that is in design stages. It is found that several are well enough advanced to be "under-used technologies" and their cost projections under conditions of industrial development are favorable. The time scale for significant contributions from solar energy is, by conservative estimates, 10 years. Among the proposed alternative energy sources we find that solar energy is unique in its possession of the desired characteristics as well as further important advantages. It therefore seems appropriate that the utilization of solar energy be designated as our highest priority energy development goal.
The relative contribution of efflux and target gene mutations to fluoroquinolone resistance in recent clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The clinical utility of fluoroquinolones (FQs) for the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) and other serious Gram-negative infections is currently decreasing due to the rapid emergence of resistance. Because previous studies have shown that efflux is a common mechanism contributing to FQ resistance in PA, one suggested approach to extend the longevity of this class of drugs is combination therapy with an efflux pump inhibitor (EPI). In order to determine the viability of this approach, it is necessary to understand the relative contribution of efflux- vs. target-mediated mechanisms of FQ resistance in the clinic. A set of 26 recent PA clinical isolates were characterized for antibiotic resistance profiles, efflux pump expression, topoisomerase mutations, and FQ susceptibility with and without an EPI. The contribution of OprM to the overall antibiotic resistance was assessed in a subset of these strains. Our results suggest that the co-administration of an EPI with FQs or other antibiotics currently in use would not be sufficient to combat the complexity of resistance mechanisms now present in many clinical isolates.
Raman Analysis of a Conformational Distribution of Poly(ethylene oxide) and Its Model Compound in the Liquid State

Isotropic Raman spectra of poly(ethylene oxide) in aqueous solution and in the melt show differences in the skeletal stretching vibration bands near 800 cm-1 and in the disordered longitudinal acoustic mode feature in the 200−400 cm-1 region. These spectra may be simulated by superposing calculated spectra resulting from a series of normal coordinate calculations performed for an ensemble of conformers. The conformational distribution for poly(ethylene oxide) in the molten state appears to favor the tgg‘ conformer, which dominates the spectrum calculated to match closely the observed isotropic Raman spectrum. It appears that the experimental data suggest that the tgg‘ conformation is present by a greater amount than is predicted by previous simulation methods. On the same basis, it appears that the aqueous solution of poly(ethylene oxide) contains mostly tgt conformers. The results for poly(ethylene oxide) were supported by measurements and computations made using 1,2-dimethoxyethane as a model.
Patients with only 1 positive hormone receptor have increased locoregional recurrence compared with patients with estrogen receptor-positive progesterone receptor-positive disease in very early stage breast cancer

BACKGROUND: Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) are important prognostic and predictive biomarkers in breast cancer. Patients with tumors positive for either receptor are generally considered hormone receptor-positive for treatment decisions. However, some data suggest that patients with ER+/PR− or ER−/PR+ tumors may have worse outcomes than those with ER+/PR+ tumors. Few data correlate these biomarkers with locoregional (LR) recurrence. METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed records of 635 patients with T1a,bN0 disease who received definitive treatment at their institution between 1997 and 2002 and had archival tissue blocks for prospective assessment of ER/PR expression. They compared clinical outcomes of the 479 patients with ER+/PR+ disease to the 156 patients with ER+/PR− or ER−/PR+disease. RESULTS: LR recurrence rates were higher in patients with 1 receptor positive compared with ER+/PR+ (7-year rate: 8.8% vs 2.5%, P = .024). There was no difference between the 2 groups in the rates of distant metastasis (DM) (P = .531) or overall survival (P = .491). One positive receptor predicted for LR recurrence in patients who did not receive hormonal therapy (P = .046), but not in patients who received hormonal therapy (P = .296). On multivariate analysis, 1 positive receptor predicted for LR recurrence in the overall group (hazard ratio, 2.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-7.48; P = .038). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with T1a,bN0 breast cancer with only 1 positive hormone receptor have increased rates of LR recurrence compared with patients with ER+/PR+ disease, although this difference may be reduced or eliminated with systemic treatment. In contrast, the authors found no evidence of an increased rate of DM in these patients with favorable disease stage. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Resonance as a Mediating Factor Accounting for the Message Effect in Tailored Communication—Examining Crisis Communication in a Tourism Context

The effectiveness of tailored communication in persuading people to adopt healthier behaviors has received much attention in the health communication field recently. However, the exact mechanism responsible for the tailoring effect is unknown. This study proposes that resonance could be an underlying mechanism that accounts for the tailoring effect. To investigate that possibility, resonance, operationalized as involving both cognitive and emotional components, is examined in an experiment to see how it might impact attitude formation and behavioral intention. The results of the investigation revealed that resonance is indeed a strong factor in influencing attitude and behavioral disposition. Future studies should further examine the concept of resonance and its role in explaining persuasive message effects in order to advance our knowledge in human communication.
The Changing Effects of Community Characteristics on Volunteering in Canada

Dans cet article, j’analyse, a l’aide des donnees de l’Enquete canadienne sur le don, le benevolat et la participation (cycle 2004 et cycle 2007), les effets de certaines caracteristiques des communautes sur le benevolat que font leurs habitants. Une fois plusieurs facteurs individuels neutralises, les resultats demontrent qu’en 2004 le benevolat diminuait en fonction de la taille de la population, de l’importance des inegalites de revenus et de la proportion d’habitants nes a l’etranger. Par contre, les chiffres de 2007 indiquent que ces caracteristiques n’avaient aucun effet significatif sur le benevolat, ce qui suggere que les grandes villes canadiennes gerent de mieux en mieux l’augmentation des inegalites de revenus et la diversite des lieux de naissance de leurs habitants.
An inverse scattering method for identical particles

Abstract An inverse scattering method has been developed for the scattering of two identical particles at a fixed energy. It has been tested for potentials pertinent to the scattering of two identical nuclei, e.g., αα, 12 C 12 C and 16 O 16 O and found to reproduce the trend of the potentials reasonably well.
Malcolm and the Cross: The Nation of Islam, Malcolm X, and Christianity

Despite his association with the Nation of Islam, Malcolm X had an intimate relation with Christianity and Christians, which influenced his personal life and spirituality as well as his career. Lou Decaro's Malcolm and the Cross thoroughly explores the relation between Malcolm, the Nation of Islam, and Christianity. After revealing the religious roots of the Nation of Islam in relation to Christianity, DeCaro examines Malcolm's development and contributions as an activist, journalist, orator, and revolutionist against the backdrop of his familial religious heritage. In the process, DeCaro achieves nothing less than a radical rethinking of the way we understand Malcolm X, depicting him as a religious revolutionist whose analysis of Christianity is indispensable--particularly in an era when cultic Islam, Christianity, and traditional Islam continue to represent key factors in any discussion about racism in the United States.
Fracture and fusion of coccid chromosomes.

UNLIKE gene mutations the expression of which may be subject to considerable modification, chromosomal changes will remain the same whether they occur as sporadic aberrations or become incorporated in the karyotype of a species. If the complements of two closely related species differ, spontaneous chromosomal mutations paralleling the karyotypic differences should be demonstrable in the same group of organisms.
Linear operators preserving unitary t-congruence (orthogonal similarity) on complex (real) matrices

Two complex (real) square matrices A and B are said io be unitarily t-congruent (orthogonally similar) it there exists a unitary (an orthogonal) matrix U such that A=UBU 1 We characterize those linear operators that preserve unitary t-congruence on complex matrices and those linear operators that preserve orthogonal similarity on real matrices. This answers a question raised in a paper by Y. P. Hong, R. A. Horn and the first author.
Linking above- and belowground resource use strategies for native and invasive species of temperate deciduous forests

Non-native invasive species are often more productive aboveground than co-occurring natives. Because aboveground productivity is closely tied to plant nitrogen (N) uptake and use, high invader leaf productivity should be associated with root growth and plant N use strategies. However, little is known about the above- and belowground carbon (C) and N use strategies of native and invasive plants. We measured shoot and root attributes and soil properties associated with 10 native and 14 non-native invasive forest shrubs and lianas of the Eastern U.S. in a common garden in Syracuse, New York (USA), including leaf growth and chemistry (C, N), root growth, specific root length (SRL), root tissue density, and associated soil C and N concentration, each determined at 2-month intervals (July–November). Non-native species had greater leaf and root production, leaf N concentration, and SRL, but lower leaf N resorption rates and root N concentration than natives. Soil N concentration associated with non-natives was significantly lower than that of native species. Our results suggest that greater aboveground productivity of invasive forest species is linked to greater production of fine roots that may increase the capacity of invaders to take up soil resources. In addition, our findings suggest that invaders beget more rapid plant-soil N feedbacks by promoting N cycling compared to the strategy of slow growing native species that emphasizes recycled plant N. Such differences in N use strategy between native and non-native species would significantly impact forest soil nutrient cycling.
Variation in Composition and Abundance of Miocene Shark Teeth from Calvert Cliffs, Maryland

ABSTRACT Shark teeth are the most common vertebrate fossils found along the western shore of Chesapeake Bay at Calvert Cliffs in Maryland. The stratigraphic distribution of teeth within the cliffs has not yet been documented. We utilized museum collections of in situ teeth to access their distribution within stratigraphic beds and a large selection of float teeth retrieved from Calvert County beaches as a proxy for the distribution of teeth within stratigraphic beds and across underlying beaches. Museum collections provide 1,866 teeth recorded in situ; float collections yield a total of 24,409 teeth. These data sets offer different, but complementary, results. Miocene sediments along Calvert Cliffs comprise the Calvert, Choptank, and St. Marys formations. Over 96% of all teeth in the in situ data set derive from the Calvert Formation, likely due to favorable paleoenvironmental conditions for sharks. The non-uniform stratigraphic distribution of teeth is further supported by an uneven distribution of teeth...
Multi-period portfolio choice and the intertemporal hedging demands for stocks and bonds: International evidence ☆

Abstract We investigate the intertemporal hedging demands for stocks and bonds for investors in the U.S., Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, and U.K. Using the methodology of Campbell et al. [Campbell, J.Y., Chan, Y.L., Viceira, L.M., 2003a. A multivariate model of strategic asset allocation. Journal of Financial Economics 67(1), 41–81], we solve a multi-period portfolio choice problem for an investor in each country with an infinite horizon and Epstein–Zin–Weil utility, where the dynamics governing asset returns are described by a vector autoregressive process. We find sizable mean intertemporal hedging demands for domestic stocks in the U.S. and U.K. and considerably smaller mean hedging demands for domestic stocks in the other countries. An investor in the U.S. who has access to foreign stocks and bonds displays small mean intertemporal hedging demands for foreign stocks and bonds, while investors in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, and the U.K. who have access to U.S. stocks and bonds all exhibit sizable mean hedging demands for U.S. stocks.
Selective increase of angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in discrete extrahypothalamic areas of Brattleboro rats.

Abstract We studied the activity of angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE, kininase II, E.C. 3.4.15.1) in discrete areas of the brainstem and limbic system, and in circumventricular orugans, pineal gland and choroid plexus of homozygous rats (DI) which are characterized by vasopressin deficiency and diabetes insipidus, with or without vasopressin replacement. We also determined ACE activity in heterozygous Brattleboro (HZ) and Long-Evans (LE) control rats. We found changes in ACE activity in several brain areas and the pineal gland of Brattleboro rats. ACE activity was increased in DI rats with respect to HZ and LE controls in the A1 area of the brainstem, locus coeruleus, and triangular nucleus of the septum. ACE activity in the A2 area of the brainstem, the nucleus tractus spinalis nervi trigeminii and the pineal gland was enhanced in both HZ and DI rats with respect to that of LE controls, but was not different between HZ and DI rats. ACE activity did not change in the other extrahypothalamic areas studied. The elevated ACE activity in extrahypothalamic areas of DI rats was not reversed by vasopressin replacement. These results suggest that a relationship between central vasopressin and angiotensin or bradykinin systems may exist in selective extrahypothalamic areas of the rat brain, and that peripherally administered vasopressin cannot influence this relationship.
Thermosyphon models for downhole heat exchanger applications in shallow geothermal systems

The analysis of downhole heat exchangers used to extract energy from relatively shallow geothermal wells leads to the consideration of several interesting problems of buoyancy-driven heat transfer in enclosures. This paper considers thermosyphoning through and around the wellbore casing which is perforated at two or more depths. Analytical models are developed for thermosyphoning in the cased well both with and without a heat exchanger installed. Theoretical results are compared with experimental values. These comparisons show that the observed energy extraction rates and flow rates through the well casing are possible with thermosyphoning as the only circulation mechanism within the well bore. The model with a heat exchanger installed is parametrically evaluated to illustrate the sensitivity of the model to estimated parameters and the effect of changes in design variables or constraints.
Measurements of the Effective Diffusion Coefficient of Oxygen in Pancreatic Islets

The effective diffusion coefficient of oxygen in pancreatic islets is an important parameter that is needed for the development of models of viability and function of pancreatic islets that are tra...
Amine repletion in the reserpinized cat: Effect upon PGO waves and REM sleep

Abstract Selective repletion of 5-HT and catecholamines in the reserpinized cat was used to study the role of these biogenic amines in the regulation of PGO wave activity and sleep. The results include: 1.1. Repletion of 5-HT, following injections of D, L and L-5-HTP, suppressed PGO Res in the pons and visual system. A consistent relationship between drug dose and duration of suppression was established. D-5-HTP failed to influence PGO Res . L and D, L-5-HTP also induced a state closely resembling slow wave sleep and this change corresponded, temporally, with the period of wave suppression. 2.2. Repletion of catecholamined, following injections of L-DOPA, often caused behavioral arousal and a conversion from PGO Res to PGO w . The molar dose of L-DOPA required to block PGO Res was 10–20 times greater than that of L-5-HTP required for a comparable effect. In some cases, L-DOPA failed to arouse the cat, and in each of these instances, it also failed to suppress PGO Res . 3.3. L-DOPA consistently failed to induce a premature return of REM sleep in the reserpinized animal. These results suggest that 2 neuronal systems, one employing 5-HT and the other catecholamines, play a part in the regulation of PGO res , and presumably, PGO res . The 5-HT system may be primarily responsible for suppressing PGO res during slow wave sleep, with the catecholamine system playing a comparable part during wakefulness. Earlier reports that L-DOPA induces REM sleep in the reserpinized animal were not confirmed, indicating that the postulated role of catecholamines in the induction of this state should be reevaluated.
Subsidence measurement and DSM extraction of IFSAR data using anisotropic diffusion and wavelet denoising filters

The most commonly used smoothing algorithms for complex data processing are low pass filters. Unfortunately, an undesired side effect of the aforementioned techniques is the blurring of scene discontinuities in the interferogram. For Digital Surface Map (DSM) extraction and subsidence measurement, the smoothing of the scene discontinuities can cause inaccuracy in the final product. Our goal is to perform spatially non-uniform smoothing to overcome the aforementioned disadvantages. We achieve this by using an Anisotropic Non-Linear Diffuser (ANDI). Here, in this paper we will show the utility of ANDI filtering on simulated and actual Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR) data for preprocessing, subsidence measurement and DSM extraction to overcome the difficulties of typical filters. We also compare the results of the ANDI filter with a wavelet filter. Finally, we detail some of our results of the New Orleans IFSAR research project with Canadian Space Agency, NASA, and USGS. The Harris LiteSite TM Urban 3D Modeling software is used to illustrate some of the results of our RADARSAT-1 processing.
Spontaneous polymerization and chain microstructure evolution in high-temperature solution polymerization of n-butyl acrylate

Abstract This study concerns understanding of the underlying mechanistic pathways in high temperature solution polymerization of n -butyl acrylate ( n BA) in the absence of added thermal initiators. The particular system of interest is the batch polymerization of n BA in xylene at temperatures between 140 and 180 °C with initial monomer content between 20 and 40 wt%. A mechanistic process model is developed to capture the dynamics of the polymerization system. Postulated reaction mechanisms include chain-initiation by monomer (self-initiation), chain-initiation by unknown impurities, chain-propagation by secondary and tertiary radicals, intra-molecular chain-transfer to polymer (back-biting), chain-fragmentation (β-scission), chain-transfer to monomer and solvent, and chain termination by disproportionation and combination. The extent of the reactions is quantified by estimating the reaction rate constants of the initiation and the secondary reactions, based on a set of process measurements. The set of measurements considered in the parameter estimation includes monomer conversion, number- and weight-average molecular weights, and average number of chain-branches per chain (CBC). Effect of temperature on chain microstructures was observed to be most evident when microstructures are expressed in terms of their quantities per chain. The evolution of other microstructural quantities such as average number of terminal double bonds per chain (TDBC) and average number of terminal solvent groups per chain (TSGC) was then also investigated. Microstructural quantities per polymer chain (TDBC, TSGC, CBC) are defined based on combinations of 13 C, 1 H NMR and chromatographic measurements. This study presents (i) a mechanistic explanation for the competing nature of short-chain-branch and terminal double bond formation (i.e. as temperature increases, number of chain branches per chain decreases and number of terminal double bonds per chain increases), (ii) quantitative insights into dominant modes of chain-initiation and chain-termination reactions, and (iii) mechanistic explanations for the observed spontaneous polymerization. The study also reports estimated Arrhenius parameters for second-order self initiation, tertiary radical propagation, secondary radical backbiting and tertiary radical β-scission reaction rate constants. Validation of the mechanistic process model with the estimated Arrhenius parameters and comparison of estimated parameter values to recently reported estimates are also presented.