cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Long-term functional outcome in 167 patients with syndromic craniosynostosis; defining a syndrome-specific risk profile.

Summary Objective Little is known about the long-term prevalence of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), level of education, language and motor skills, impaired sight and hearing in craniosynostosis syndromes. The objective of this study was to define the prevalence per syndrome of elevated ICP, OSA, impaired sight and impaired hearing. Methods A retrospective study was undertaken on 167 consecutive patients diagnosed with Apert, Crouzon, Pfeiffer, Muenke or Saethre–Chotzen syndrome, aged 1–25 years and treated between 1983 and 2008. The mean age at time of referral and review was 1 years and 2 months and 10 years and 3 months, respectively. Results Patients with Apert and Crouzon/Pfeiffer syndromes had the highest prevalence of elevated ICP (33% and 53%, respectively) and OSA (31% and 27%, respectively), while Saethre–Chotzen syndrome was also associated with a fair risk for elevated ICP (21%). The prevalence of impaired sight (61%) and hearing (56%) was high in all syndromes. Conclusion Based on these data, a syndrome-specific risk profile with suggestions for screening and treatment is presented.
Saliva-microbe interactions and salivary gland dysfunction.

Adequate salivary secretion is crucial to both oral and general health, since it provides a complex milieu for support of the microbial populations of the mouth, while at the same time containing antimicrobial products that help control these microbial populations. This paper summarizes several aspects of salivary component function, gland secretion mechanisms, and immunopathogenesis as related to oral health and disease. Salivary components mediate microbial attachment to oral surfaces, and also interact with planktonic microbial surfaces to facilitate agglutination and elimination of pathogens from the oral cavity. Adhesive interactions are often mediated by lectin-like bacterial proteins that bind to glycan motifs on salivary glycoproteins. An important salivary antimicrobial protein is histatin 5 (Hst 5), which shows potent and selective antifungal activity and also susceptibility to proteolytic degradation. Coupling of Hst 5 with the carrier molecule spermidine significantly enhanced killing of C. albicans and resistance to proteolytic degradation, compared with the parent peptide. Loss of salivary secretion may be caused by disorders such as Sjogren's syndrome (SS) or ectodermal dysplasia, or may be a side-effect of radiation therapy. Two new approaches to the treatment of salivary gland dysfunction include the use of resolvins and the creation of differentiated acinar structures to construct an artificial salivary gland. B-cells contribute to the pathogenesis of SS by releasing cytokines and autoantibodies and by influencing T-cell differentiation. CXCL13, a potent B-cell chemokine associated with autoimmune diseases, is elevated locally and systemically in SS and may represent a novel biomarker or therapeutic target in the management and treatment of SS.
Infarction of the stomach following atheromatous embolization. Report of a case and literature review.

Infarction of the stomach is an extremely rare event owing to the stomach's rich collateral circulation. Although atheromatous embolization is not uncommonly found in other organs at autopsy, the gastrointestinal tract is an unusual target for atheromatous emboli. When gastrointestinal embolization does occur, mucosal ulcerations and hemorrhage are the most severe changes reported in both man and experimental animals. Infarction is not the usual consequence. This report concerns a 64-year-old woman with multifocal gastric infarcts and a puzzling clinical picture.
Tennessee Women in the Progressive Era: Toward the Public Sphere in the New South Mary A. Evins, Editor. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2013.

Tennessee Women in the Progressive Era: Toward the Public Sphere in the New South Mary A. Evins, Editor. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2013.Tennessee Women in the Progressive Era evolved from a 2007 symposium which was held at Nashville's Scarritt-Bennett Center. For this symposium, which was entitled "Intersecting Missions: The Work of Women in Progressive Women's Organizations in Tennessee, 1870-1930," contributors to this collection identified four key features of Tennessee's style of Progressivism. Regarding the first feature of Tennessee's unique style of Progressivism, the state's Progressive Era abided by what historians have described as the "long" chronology of the Progressive movement, while the second feature permanently linked the notion of the "New Woman" to the idea of a more generic, inclusive, and broadly defined Progressive impulse. Women of the "long" Progressive Era engaged in nascent feminist/"New Woman" activity, all while strictly avoiding such a politically charged label (as "feminist"). A third significant feature of the era was the manner in which particular groups of Tennessee women maximized their social class and racial/ white privilege to affect change. Such privilege afforded them opportunities - as well as access to influential Tennesseans - that eluded working class women and women of color. The final feature, whether intentional or not, resulted from the impact of Tennessee's Progressive Era women, one that transcended the state and the local communities in which they worked.This collection seeks to reclaim female Tennesseans best known for their work with causes (such as canning demonstrations, temperance, education) not specifically focused on women's "public" rights and redefine their legacies as examples and supporters of the "New Woman." The work adds to the existing historiography of Tennessee women during the Progressive Era by expanding that discussion to include quasi-political activities that do not revolve around suffrage. Such an expansive approach also foregrounds the work of women in a discussion of this historical moment.One of the more salient contributions that this volume adds to a larger framing of the history of American women from this era is this redefinition of the nature of "politics." While the collection is informed by the four threads uncovered at the symposium, the larger work does include a significant exploration of the importance Tennessee Progressive women placed on the acquisition of the vote. Such an inclusion is obviously necessary, considering that initial scholarship on American women during the Progressive era focused almost exclusively on suffrage or women's work with the settlement house movement. Evins's collection adds to the historiography of such scholars as Kathryn Kish Sklar, Nancy Cott, Linda Kerber, and Victoria Bissell Brown, whose groundbreaking histories laid the foundation for historians of women of this period. …
Ceramics in the System NbB2 – CrB2

Phase equilibria and properties of ceramics in the NbB 2 – CrB 2 system were studied. Continuous solid solutions were found showing high activation energy (96 kcal'mol) of formation which is due to large disparity of atomic radii between Cr and Nb. Pure NbB 2 and CrB 2 ceramics were prepared by hot pressing at 2100 and 1800°C, respectively, at 20 MPa for 0.5 hour. Both materials exhibited closed porosity which was eliminated by the addition of Al 2 O 3 and SiC. Thermogravimetric studies showed different mechanisms of oxidation of the diborides. The presence of Al 2 O 3 and SiC improved the oxidation resistance, hardness, and fracture toughness of CrB 2 ceramics. The additives increased the hardness of NbB 2 ceramics but did not significantly affect their toughness.
Literature Review on the Educational Evaluation System——Students'Rating of College Faculty Teaching in U.S.and China

A growing concern is dedicated to education by the society and the teaching as an occupation is competing more and more ferociously.No matter in U.S.or China,we should deeply reflect upon the system of college students' evaluation of faculty.As a kind of educational evaluation system—students' rating of faculty seems to be very popular around the world.In order to better evaluate this system,we cautiously conducted an extensive review of literature in U.S.and China.In this paper,we attempt to compare its aims,methods,evaluation index system,evaluation index weight,timing,effectiveness in the two countries in the hope of viewing the pros and cons of the system of students' rating of college faculty.
Analysis of human resource in primary health cares in implementation of equalization of essential public health services in Taizhou city

Objective Through the investigation of 2103 village doctors,to know the current situation of preventive health care of medical personnel of township health centers,and to provide reference for administrative staff to draw up policies.Methods To investigate the village doctors of preventive health care of all 657 township health centers in sampling area by questionnaire method,and to compare the sex, age,professional experience year,education background,qualification of them and so on. Results The survey found that 59.63% of the village doctors of preventive health care were male, the proportion of over 55 years old village doctors reached 42.31%. the village doctors of preventive health care were graduated from junior high school(40.61%)and high(secondary) school(52.69%), the average monthly income of the village doctors of preventive health care were 2000 yuan. 67.24%of the community health service station(village health room) of the main operating were in public, but only 23.87% of the village doctors had the certified(Assistant) physicians qualification certificate. Conclusion It is suggested that the government should conduct effective measures to reinforce the management of village doctors' ranks, to promote the whole quality of village doctors aiming at solving their fear of the aging of the age structure, lowing of culture level,and bad salary and social security,the future substantially to develop their role better.
Study on removal of phosphorus from domestic wastewater by modified fly ash

To prevent eutrophication and to treat domestic wastewater effectively,the experiment of removing phosphorus from domestic wastewater was carried out using modified fly ash as an absorbent.The effects of fly ash size,fly ash dosing quantity,pH value,temperature,oscillating strength and adsorption time were studied.The results showed that when the fly ash size ranged from 160 mesh to 200 mesh,the fly ash dosing quantity was 25 g/L,pH value was 3.5,the temperature was 50℃,the concentration of phosphorus in the domestic wastewater was 6.8 mg/L,the oscillating strength was 140 r/min,and the adsorption time was 150 minutes,the removal efficiency of phosphorus could reach 95.3% and the concentration of phosphorus could reduce to 0.5 mg/L.
The late decolonizations: southern Africa 1975, 1979, 1994

The most important holdouts against the abdication of imperial power in the 1950s and 1960s were colonies with substantial white settlement. But despite the sustained efforts of settlers in Rhodesia and South Africa to retain power and the determination of the Portuguese government to retain colonies, their ultimate fate was determined by the regional and world-wide process which rendered empire indefensible. Take Rhodesia. In order to maintain white rule, Rhodesian settlers gave up their place in an empire that was intent on devolving power to black majorities. The unilateral declaration of independence in 1965 kept in place colonial institutions – a bureaucracy and police apparatus that enforced white landownership and racial segregation – but cut them off from imperial power. When African political movements, well aware of the rights Africans now had elsewhere, turned to guerilla warfare, the state fought back, but it faced a regional problem – armed groups finding sanctuary in now-free neighboring territories – and a global one, economic boycotts and isolation. In the end, colonialism could not be maintained without imperialism, not least because white Rhodesians vitally depended on their sense of participation in “European civilization” and in the comforts, securities, and opportunities of a worldly bourgeoisie. However divided and uncertain the guerilla movement, it won the international battle to be identified with self-determination and progress.
Distribution and diffusion of sodium taurocholate and egg phosphatidylcholine aggregates in rat intestinal mucin.

Purpose. The permeability of rat intestinal mucin (RIM) to sodium taurocholate/egg phosphatidylcholine (TC/PC)-mixed micelles has been investigated.
Health & Play: Addressing together the challenges of creating an open source standard for breathing games

This proposed workshop invites us to discover an initiative --the Breathing Games -- that aims to mobilize citizens around respiratory health by creating a free/libre and open source standard for health games -- a common. After being presented the two years journey of the initiative, participants will use their skills and talents to meet the current challenges of an open collaboration projet.
Noninvasive Measurement and Analysis of Laboratory Rat’s Cardiorespiratory Movement

Monitoring physiological signs in animal testing is crucial for the development of new therapeutic strategies and better understanding of diseases. This paper exploits Doppler radar and nonlinear phase demodulation effect to achieve noncontact measurement of both displacements and frequencies of a laboratory rat’s cardiorespiratory activities. The implementation of displacement acquisition method relying on demodulation-generated harmonics is described, and this paper provides a guideline of implementing the acquisition method. Demodulation-generated harmonics are analyzed, and the effect of vibration-generated harmonics is studied. To demonstrate the effectiveness, a 60-GHz radar is used that shows good correlation with the instrument-recorded data. Average errors of respiration rate and heart rate (HR) are 0.057% and 0.33%, respectively, using three test subjects. In addition, two drug tests are performed to verify the monitoring function with controlled raised/dropped HR. By observing the time periods before, during, and after drug injection, results of rat’s physiological response to drugs reveal the drug efficacy and body reaction over time. The measured cardiorespiratory variations can provide useful information without using implant devices, and the implementation could be an improvement over current invasive methods. The result presented in this paper is believed to be the first reported simultaneous measurements of both frequencies and displacements of both respiration and heartbeat movements of a laboratory animal using microwave radar.
Imaging Nutrient Distribution in the Rhizosphere Using FTIR Imaging

Symbiotic associations in the rhizosphere between plants and microorganisms lead to efficient changes in the distribution of nutrients that promote growth and development for each organism involved. Understanding these nutrient fluxes provides insight into the molecular dynamics involved in nutrient transport from one organism to the other. To study such a nutrient flow, a new application of Fourier transform infrared imaging (FTIRI) was developed that entailed growing Populus tremulodes seedlings on a thin, nutrient-enriched Phytagel matrix that allows pixel to pixel measurement of the distribution of nutrients, in particular, nitrate, in the rhizosphere. The FTIR spectra collected from ammonium nitrate in the matrix indicated the greatest changes in the spectra at 1340 cm–1 due to the asymmetric stretching vibrations of nitrate. For quantification of the nitrate concentration in the rhizosphere of experimental plants, a calibration curve was generated that gave the nitrate concentration at each pixel in...
Rejoinder to Abaluck and Gruber

The purpose of this rejoinder is to clarify key areas of agreement and disagreement with Abaluck and Gruber and address aspects of their reply to our comment, both of which appear in the December 2016 issue of the American Economic Review. Readers of our exchange may wonder how we can reach such divergent conclusions from analyzing the same data. In this rejoinder we show how. We demonstrate that Abaluck and Gruber’s criticism of our analysis is based on their mistaken claims about theory and empirics, their omission of key facts, and their emphasis on results that obscure our many areas of agreement.
Examining associations between civic engagement and depressive symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood in a national U.S. sample

ABSTRACTMany scholars posit that engaging in civic actions enhances mental health, yet existing evidence is limited. To address gaps in the literature and advance understanding of benefits of civic engagement from adolescence to young adulthood, we estimated a longitudinal structural model to test bidirectional associations between civic engagement (i.e., voting, community engagement, political behaviors) and depressive symptoms using nationally representative longitudinal U.S. data. Adolescent and early young adulthood (EYA) depressive symptoms predicted decreases in later voting. Adolescent and EYA community engagement predicted decreases in later depressive symptoms. Analyses suggested that findings generalized across gender, age, socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, and EYA social roles. Despite key limitations in measurement of civic engagement over time, results provide some support the notion that community engagement may have mental health benefits for youth, and that depression may reduce later ...
Die kritische Menschheitslage verlangt eine Suche nach Auswegen

Viele Menschen empfinden die gegenwartige Weltlage als krisenhaft; von Umbruchs- oder gar Untergangszeit ist die Rede; und haufig wird die bevorstehende Menschheitskatastrophe auch noch als „unumganglich“, „unausweichlich“ oder „unvermeidlich“ apostrophiert. Ware letzteres der Fall, so erubrigte sich jede weitere Erorterung; die Mahner meinen es offenbar nicht wortlich; sie dramatisieren, um aufzurutteln.
Characteristics and applications of biochars derived from wastewater solids

Abstract Pyrolysis is a thermochemical decomposition process that can be used to generate pyrolysis gas (py-gas), bio-oil, and biochar as well as energy from biomass. Biomass from agricultural waste and other plant-based materials has been the predominant pyrolysis research focus. Water resource recovery facilities also produce biomass, referred to as wastewater solids, that could be a viable pyrolysis feedstock. Water resource recovery facilities are central collection and production sites for wastewater solids. While the utilization of biochar from a variety of biomass types has been extensively studied, the utilization of wastewater biochars has not been reviewed in detail. This review compares the characteristics of wastewater biochars to more conventional biochars and reviews specific applications of wastewater biochar. Wastewater biochar is a potential candidate to sorb nutrients or organic contaminants from contaminated wastewater streams. While biochar has been used as a beneficial soil amendment for agricultural applications, specific research on wastewater biochar is lacking and represents a critical knowledge gap. Based on the studies reviewed, if biochar is applied to land it will contain less organic micropollutant mass than conventional wastewater solids, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are not likely to be a concern if pyrolysis is conducted above 700 °C. Wastewater biochar is likely to serve as a better catalyst to convert bio-oil to py-gas than other conventional biochars because of the inherently higher metal (e.g., Ca and Fe) content. The use of wastewater biochar alone as a fuel is also discussed. Finally, an integrated wastewater treatment process that produces and uses wastewater biochar for a variety of food, energy, and water (FEW) applications is proposed.
Behavioral Finance Lessons for Asset Managers

Typical asset managers operate within standard finance, wherein investors are described as rational , or within the first generation of behavioral finance, wherein they are described as irrational . Asset managers do well, however, to operate within the second generation of behavioral finance, presented briefly here and in detail in the author’s book Finance for Normal People . That generation describes investors as normal , with a wide range of normal wants, such as hope for riches and freedom from the fear of poverty, being true to values, and gaining high social status. Asset managers who enter the second generation of behavioral finance understand the importance of marketing in identifying investors’ wants, and they understand the importance of educating investors about financial facts and human behavior and helping them avoid errors on the way to satisfying wants.
Single-crystal hematite (U–Th)/He dates and fluid inclusions document widespread Cryogenian sand injection in crystalline basement

Abstract The Tavakaiv Quartzite (informal) in Colorado, USA, is one of the world's largest basement-hosted clastic injectite systems and provides a glimpse into the tectonic and near-surface environment of ancient North America. The age, origin, and significance of Tavakaiv injectites has been debated for over a century, owing to inherent difficulties with assigning absolute age constraints to unfossiliferous sandstone intrusions. Here, we apply an innovative combination of single-crystal hematite (U–Th)/He thermochronometry and fluid inclusion microthermometry to hematite mineralization associated with the injectites to document the age and ambient fluid conditions of Tavakaiv injectite formation. Our approach confirms individual hematite crystals comprising commonly analyzed polycrystalline aggregates are the He diffusion domains and that hematite (U–Th)/He closure temperature increases with crystal size. We apply apatite and zircon fission-track thermochronometry to the Tavakaiv Quartzite and host rock to account for the consequences of Phanerozoic orogenic episodes on the hematite (U–Th)/He dates and explain the observed trends between hematite He date and crystal size. Our results indicate that hematite formed 676 ± 26 million years ago (arithmetic mean date ± 1 σ ), constraining the timing of the Tavakaiv injection event. Fluid inclusion studies reveal that this mineralizing fluid was at least 200 °C and saline (>20 wt% CaCl2 equiv.). Comparison of new and previously published detrital zircon U–Pb age populations from quartzite samples yield a sediment source common to Tavakaiv bodies across a broader region and illuminate the greater areal extent of the Cryogenian injection event. We interpret that formation of basement-penetrating fracture arrays was associated with crustal extension within Rodinia at this time. This was accompanied by sand remobilization that promoted widespread sand injection within horsts bounding Neoproterozoic rift basins. The resulting sand injectites served as permeable pathways for contemporaneous circulation of saline groundwater, driven by fluid gradients in extensional and/or transtensional basins.
The Atlantic Sugar Trade: Amsterdam’s Sephardic Merchants in the Seventeenth Century

The book presents a new synthesis for understanding the westward expansion of sugar production and trade in the seventeenth century Atlantic world by linking Amsterdam’s expanding sugar market to the Sephardic merchant network. The author offers a historical-geographic perspective which ties Amsterdam as emerging staple market to a network of merchants of the “Portuguese Nation” conducting trade from the Iberian Peninsula to Madeira, Sao Tome, and Brazil to Antwerp in the sixteenth century and Amsterdam in the early seventeenth century. Drawing on Lesger’s The Rise of the Amsterdam Market (2010), the first chapter sets the stage for the rest of the book covering the Golden Age during which the Dutch Republic experienced a period of great wealth and the Amsterdam Sephardic merchant community its recognition of contribution to the sugar trade.
Elaboración y Aplicación de una Metodología para la Obtención de un Indicador Sintético de Opinión para Analizar las Condiciones de Contexto de Desarrollo del Sector TIC en Andalucía

The Andalusian regional government approved on May 16 th 2017 the "Strategy to Promote the ICT sector Andalucia 2020”. Linked to the objectives of the TIC2020 strategy, 15 indicators have been defined, which should serve as a basis for evaluating the impact of the Strategy. Among the defined indicators, the so-called "Synthetic Indicator of Conditions of Context of Development of the ICT Sector" is aimed at measuring the contribution of the Strategy to improving the conditions of the business environment for the Andalusian ICT sector. However, the TIC2020 Strategy does not include the method to be followed to obtain this Indicator. Thus, the objective of our research has been to define and apply a methodology for calculating the indicator. For this, a synthetic index based on simple aggregation with equal weights has been defined, for which a methodology based on the Japanese TANKAN index has been designed. As a result of all this, the Synthetic Index has been obtained for the year 2017, with a value of 9.81, as well as a work method that should serve as the basis for obtaining the index during the Strategy period.
Quantum-cutting Yb3+-doped perovskite nanocrystals for monolithic bilayer luminescent solar concentrators

Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) can concentrate direct and diffuse solar radiation spatially and energetically to help reduce the overall area of solar cells needed to meet current energy demands. LSCs require luminophores that absorb large fractions of the solar spectrum, emit photons into a light-capture medium with high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs), and do not absorb their own photoluminescence. Luminescent nanocrystals (NCs) with near or above unity PLQYs and Stokes shifts large enough to avoid self-absorption losses are well-suited to meet these needs. In this work, we describe LSCs based on quantum-cutting Yb3+:CsPb(Cl1−xBrx)3 NCs that have documented PLQYs as high as ∼200%. Through a combination of solution-phase 1D LSC measurements and modeling, we demonstrate that Yb3+:CsPbCl3 NC LSCs show negligible intrinsic reabsorption losses, and we use these data to model the performance of large-scale 2D LSCs based on these NCs. We further propose a new and unique monolithic bilayer LSC device architecture that contains a Yb3+:CsPb(Cl1−xBrx)3 NC top layer above a second narrower-gap LSC bottom layer (e.g., based on CuInS2 NCs), both within the same waveguide and interfaced with the same Si PV for conversion. We extend the modeling to predict the flux gains of such bilayer devices. Because of the exceptionally high PLQYs of Yb3+:CsPb(Cl1−xBrx)3 NCs, the optimized bilayer device has a projected flux gain of 63 for dimensions of 70 × 70 × 0.1 cm3, representing performance enhancement of at least 19% over the optimized CuInS2 LSC alone.
Design, growth and characterization of PbTe-based thermoelectric materials

Abstract Thermoelectric devices convert thermal energy, i.e. heat, into electric energy. With no moving parts, the thermoelectric generator has demonstrated its advantage of long-duration operational reliability. The IV–VI compound semiconductor PbTe-based materials have been widely adopted for the thermoelectric applications in the medium temperature range of 350–650 °C. In most of the reports, thermoelectric materials were manufactured by a hot pressing or quench and annealing method. The recent advancements in the converting efficiency of thermoelectrics, including PbTe-based materials, have been attributed to the modification on material inhomogeneity of microstructures by hot pressing or simply cooling the melt to reduce the thermal conductivity. On the other hand, due to its time-consuming preparation/processing and unnecessary good crystalline quality (for thermoelectric applications), the processing of thermoelectric materials by crystal growth resulted in very few investigations. In this report, the design and growth of the PbTe-based materials solidified from the melt for thermoelectric applications as well as the results of their thermoelectric characterizations will be reviewed. It shows that, besides its Figure of Merit comparable to other processing methods, the melt grown PbTe material has several additional capabilities, including the reproducibility, thermal stability and the functional gradient characteristics from the variation of properties along the growth length.
Relational epistemologies in land-based learning environments: reasoning about ecological systems and spatial indexing in motion

Social and cultural practices in learning settings are sites for leveraging and/or remediating sustainable and just conceptions of nature–culture relations to meet changing environmental demands of twenty-first century. In this study, we examine epistemic navigation among Indigenous youth in an outdoor, land based, STEAM (science, education, arts, math, and science) camp which not only leveraged nature-culture relations as part of critical engagement with socio-ecological systems, but also as a site for Indigenous resurgence and well-being in learning spaces. We take a microethnographic (Gee and Green in Rev Res Educ 23:119–169, 1998. https://doi.org/10.2307/1167289 ) approach to examine sense-making among three youth while engaged in a walking activity in which they were asked to embody a plant as part of cultural practices of reading the land. We found that the micro-practice of spatial indexing dynamically mediated sense-making about ecological systems as participants coordinated attention and observations between humans and more-than-human kinds. This form of sense making reflected both cultural and historical experiences, which students leveraged in their understandings of complex socio-ecological systems.
CuMnNiSi Precipitate Evolution in Irradiated Reactor Pressure Vessel Steels: Integrated Cluster Dynamics and Experiments

Abstract An improved Cluster Dynamics (CD) model of Cu rich and Mn-Ni-Si phase co-precipitation was developed to provide insights on the combined effects of the flux, fluence, temperature and alloy composition on irradiation enhanced precipitation leading to the embrittlement of reactor pressure vessel steels. The CD model was calibrated using a large microstructural database, and key parameters (e.g., interfacial energies) were fitted to minimize the predicted versus measured errors. The CD model was further validated against data not used in the fitting. The CD model predicts that: a) even 0.05% Cu reduces the Mn, Ni, Si precipitation threshold fluence; b) precipitate number densities increase, while their sizes and volume fractions, decrease with increasing flux; c) precipitate number densities and volume fractions increase with decreasing temperature; and, d) most of the matrix Cu precipitates in the early years of vessel service, while MnNiSi precipitates continue to grow up to very high extended life fluence.
The preference for self-direction as a resource for parents’ socialisation practices

ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on practices that parents employ when they seek to forward some course of action for their child and manage children’s resistance to these attempts. Combining conversatio...
Moral Apprehension and Cognition as a Social Skill

Haslanger's ‘Cognition as a Social Skill’ shows how ideology as embedded in perceptions, habits, and practical skills cannot be changed merely by changing people's conscious beliefs. In this commen...
Microstrip fully integrated W-band transceiver using soft substrate

This paper describes the performance of various W-band (75–110 GHz) microstrip components including Gunn LOs, mixers and couplers, etc. on soft substrate. Using these components a integrated transceiver was developed. Results show a power output of 3.0 mW at 90.0 GHz with Δ F = ± 150 MHz and noise figure (DSB) ≤ 12.0db. Experiment and theory are in good agreement.
Time to Procurement and Post-Kidney Transplant Outcomes: How Do We Provide a Personalized Medicine Approach to Optimizing Organ Donation?

There has been miraculous advancement of organ transplantation in the years following the first human-to-human kidney transplant performed less than a century ago ([1][1]). That initial attempt at transplant was using a kidney from a deceased donor who had died 6 hours before the procurement, an
a Study of the equilibrium of the adsorption of methylene blue and methyl orange onto super sand.

The present work describes a coating process that was carried out on the surface of graphene oxide powder. Coated material (GO−Sand composite) was prepared by soaking screened and washed sand particles (100 µm) with 3% graphene oxide aqueous solution. The coating process was done in two stages, first at a temperature of 105 ◦C for three hours then at 150 ◦C for two hours. FTIR spectroscopy was used to investigate the surface of graphite and graphene oxide . Adsorption of methylene blue and methyl orange dyes onto the prepared graphene oxide coated sand was done experimentally using batch apparatus with controlled conditions of temperature and stirring. Effects of temperature and initial dye concentration for the adsorption process were examined. The analysis of adsorption equilibrium isotherms shows that the experimental data follows Fruendlich isotherm model with coefficient of variance (R2) equals to (0.99). This indicates that the adsorption of both dyes onto the GO−sand was done on heterogeneous surface with multilayer of dyes molecules. Furthermore, basic thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption of both dyes on GO−sand were calculated using the most well known relationships. The results indicate that the process is spontaneous and exothermic as the values of Gibbs free energy changes lies between -37.078 and -24.231 kJ/mole and the values of enthalpy changes lies between -0.669 and -0.348 kJ/mole for methylene blue and methyl orange dyes. Finally, the activation energy for the adsorption process was determined using Arrhenius equation and found to be equals to 28.643 kJ/mol and 20.224 kJ/mol for methylene blue and methyl orange adsorption, respectively. This proves the physical nature of dyes adsorption on the surface of the adsorbent.
Mathematical Modeling to Evaluate Batch Operations for Compounded Sterile Products

Purpose: To demonstrate a simple mathematical model for evaluating operational decisions for preparing compounded sterile products in a hospital pharmacy.Summary: This paper describes a simple mathematical model, based on a small set of parameters easily estimated from existing data. This model can help hospital pharmacy managers decide, for the batch preparation of compounded sterile products, 1) how frequently to schedule batch production, 2) when within the day to schedule those batches, and 3) how to evaluate the benefits of certain features of IT systems, with an objective of minimizing the total cost of labor hours and wasted medications.Conclusion: Most decisions affecting changes in pharmacy operations are made empirically, and laborious data collection methods are needed both pre- and post-implementation to assess the impact of any change. Mathematical modeling by operations management professionals working collaboratively with pharmacy managers allows the objective prediction of the financial and operational impact of multiple potential options prior to implementing actual operational changes.
Regime Network Restructuring in Akron, Ohio, 1975–2009: A Longitudinal Social Network Analysis

The purpose of this paper is to explore the impacts of extra-local economic and political forces on the business community participants of the governing regime coalition in Akron, Ohio, and in turn, how other regime partners responded to and engaged with the changing constitution of Akron's business community. Unlike the UK where municipalities receive substan- tial fiscal support from regional and national governments, American cities are more readily forced into regime partnerships with other public and private actors for fiscal solvency, including, prima- rily, the local business community. In the case of Akron, the local business community experienced a prolonged and ongoing period of comprehensive deindustrialization and economic restructuring, forcing the city into partnerships with less traditional non-private sector actors as Akron's business community structure continues to transform. A secondary objective is to forward the utility of social network analysis in regime theory applications. Social network analysis offers a way to situate arguably the most influential actors in a regime coalition. Utilizing the directories of Standard and Poor's Index of Corporations and Directors from 1975 through 2006, social network analysis is performed on the interlocking network of corporations and civic organizations based in Akron for each decade, allowing a longitudinal view of the changing business community partners of Akron's governing coalition.
Allophenic mice: a pillar awaiting its superstructure.

A pillar is “a firm upright support” ([1][1]) for something. A pillar may stand alone or it may support a superstructure. The article of Beatrice Mintz and Willys Silvers ([2][2]) discussed here on grafting using allophenic mice is appropriately called a pillar of immunology for which the
Congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency presenting with failure to thrive, hypercalcemia, and nephrocalcinosis

Disaccharide Intolerance Type I (Mendelian Interance in Man database: *222900) is a rare inborn error of metabolism resulting from mutation in sucrase-isomaltase (Enzyme Catalyzed 3.2.1.48). Usually, infants with SI deficiency come to attention because of chronic diarrhea and nutritional evidence of malabsorption. We describe an atypical presentation of this disorder in a 10-month-old infant. In addition to chronic diarrhea, the child displayed severe and chronic hypercalcemia, the evaluation of which was negative. An apparently coincidental right orbital hemangioma was detected. Following identification of the SI deficiency, an appropriately sucrose-restricted, but normal calcium diet regimen was instituted which led to cessation of diarrhea, substantial weight gain, and resolution of hypercalcemia. This case illustrates that, similar to congenital lactase deficiency (Mendelian Interance in Man database: *223000, Alactasia, Hereditary Disaccharide Intolerance Type II), hypercalcemia may complicate neonatal Sucrase-Isomaltase deficiency. Hypercalcemia in the presence of chronic diarrhea should suggest disaccharide intolerance in young infants.
ABCs of asthma inhaler and device training

Background The impact of poor adherence and medication administration is well documented, as are the difficulties with asthma inhaler and device usage. However, difficulties with these devices and inhalers continue to present significant challenges to many healthcare providers and patients. Methods A systematic review of the published, peer-reviewed international literature was performed to identify likely teaching needs as well as available and recommended resources to address same. Results Asthma inhaler and device use and educational needs vary as widely as do the types and severity of usage errors committed. Multiple interventions have been studied and found to be effective at improving both patient technique and overall asthma outcomes. Conclusion Providers must ensure that patient teaching is performed by suitably prepared staff members. Education should be device-specific, patient-centered, and repeated at frequent intervals. Providers must frequently reassess patient understanding and ability with regard to asthma inhalers and devices in order to maximize therapeutic outcomes.
(Un)becoming women: Indian factory women's counternarratives of gender

This paper portrays the life stories of five factory workers in Delhi whose life trajectories run counter to normative femininity. As daughters and wives, they are neglected,abandoned or rejected by their families;they live alone,with their parents past the age that is their natal right, with siblings, or with families and men who are not related to them. I explore the circulation of their counternarratives and how their gender transgressions go public through ordinary forms of talk, such as gossip and rumor. I argue that their move out of the normative is not produced by, but produces, their gender politics; that their agency emerges cognitively from the telling of their stories in tandem with their interlocutors’ credulity and uptake; and that the site of gender politics for working class Indian women lies in the informal subaltern publics that are formed by the circulation of their stories. Contrary to the notion of a stable unitary subject that precedes the political, these women’s counternarratives demonstrate the subject-in-process as a political effect. Their alterity does not exist outside the heteronormative gender order but demarcates the boundaries of its historicity, hinting at both the internal contradictions of existing gender relations and their future possibilities.
Optimizing Explicit Hydrodynamics for Power, Energy, and Performance

Practical considerations for future supercomputer designs will impose limits on both instantaneous power consumption and total energy consumption. Working within these constraints while providing the maximum possible performance, application developers will need to optimize their code for speed alongside power and energy concerns. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of several code optimizations including loop fusion, data structure transformations, and global allocations. A per component measurement and analysis of different architectures is performed, enabling the examination of code optimizations on different compute subsystems. Using an explicit hydrodynamics proxy application from the U.S. Department of Energy, LULESH, we show how code optimizations impact different computational phases of the simulation. This provides insight for simulation developers into the best optimizations to use during particular simulation compute phases when optimizing code for future supercomputing platforms. We examine and contrast both x86 and Blue Gene architectures with respect to these optimizations.
Pictures of Sounds: Wittgenstein on Gramophone Records and the Logic of Depiction

The year that Ludwig Wittgenstein was born in Vienna, 1889, nearby developments already underway portended two major changes of the coming century: the advent of controlled heavier-than-air flight and the mass production of musical sound recordings. Before they brought about major social changes, though, these innovations appeared in Europe in the form of children’s toys. Both appeared in Europe in time for Ludwig’s childhood and both reappear in his work as an adult. The relationship between the advent of flight and Wittgenstein’s claim in Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus that a proposition is a picture, is a topic in its own right (Sterrett 2000, 2002). In this essay, I consider the way Wittgenstein employed some kinds of sound recordings (but not others) in discussing logical form in the Tractatus.
In Search of the ‘Magic Carpet’: Design and Experimentation of a Bimanual 3D Navigation Interface

Abstract Hardware and software advances are making real-time 3D graphics part of all mainstream computers. World Wide Web sites encoded in Virtual Reality Modeling Language or other formats allow users across the Internet to share virtual 3D ‘worlds’. As the supporting software and hardware become increasingly powerful, the usability of the current 3D navigation interfaces becomes the limiting factor to the wide-spread application of 3D technologies. In this paper, we analyze the human factors issues in designing a usable navigation interface, including interface metaphor, integration and separation of multiple degrees of freedom, mode switching, isotonic versus isometric control, seamless merger of the 3D navigation devices with the GUI pointing and scrolling devices, and two-handed input. We propose a dual joystick navigation interface design based on a real-world metaphor (bulldozer), and present an experimental evaluation. The results show that the proposed bulldozer interface outperformed the status quo mouse-mapping interface in maze travelling and free flying tasks by 25–50%. Limitations of and possible future improvements to the bulldozer interface are also presented.
Incremental Capacity Analysis and Close-to-Equilibrium OCV Measurements to Quantify Capacity Fade in Commercial Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

A quantitative approach is used to identify sources of contribution of capacity fade in commercial rechargeable lithium battery cells in laboratory evaluations. Our approach comprises measurements of close-to-equilibrium open-circuit voltage (cte-OCV) of the cell after relaxation at the end of the charging and discharging regimes and an incremental capacity analysis, in addition to conventional cycle-life test protocols using the dynamic stress test schedule. This approach allows us to separate attributes to capacity fade due to intrinsic and extrinsic origins.
View azimuth and zenith, and solar angle effects on wheat canopy reflectance

Abstract Since crop canopies are not lambertian reflectors, their reflectance varies with sun and view positions. It is not always possible or convenient to make reflectance measurements from the nadir position nor at the same time of day. Therefore, ways of estimating nadir reflectance from off-nadir views and for various solar zenith angles are needed. In this study, spectral measurements were made with a Mark II radiometer five times during the day on each of four dates from 15° interval zenith and 45° azimuth positions for wheat canopies during the development interval stem extension to watery ripeness of the grain. The ratio of off-nadir [ R ( Z v , A v )] to nadir [ R (0)] radiance in NIR band (0.76–0.90 μm) was described by the regression equation: R(Z v ,A v ) R(0) = 1.0 + [β 0 + β 1 sin ( A v 2 ) + β 2 (1/ cos Z s )] sin Z v where A v is view azimuth angle relative to the sum position, Z s is solar zenith angle, and Z v is view zenith angle. The coefficient of determination was 0.70 or higher. The equation describes the observations that 1) the ratio of off-nadir to nadir radiance increases or decreases as view zenith angle increases depending on view azimuth angle; backscattering is stronger than forwardscattering and the pattern is azimuthally symmetric about the principal plane of the sun; and 2) the rate of change in the radiance ratio increases with increasing solar zenith angle. The coefficients, β 0 , β 1 and β 2 , changed as the canopies grew. Although the equation needs to be more fully tested, it should help summarize and compare various angular observation data taken in crop fields.
Experimental active vibration control of gear mesh harmonics in a power recirculation gearbox system using a piezoelectric stack actuator

An experimental study of an active shaft transverse vibration control system for suppressing gear mesh vibratory response due to transmission error excitation in a high power density gearbox is presented. The proposed active control concept employs a piezoelectric stack actuator to deliver the control force through a secondary bearing. A versatile test stand that includes a closed-loop, power recirculating, dual-gearbox set-up capable of high load transfer is specially designed for this work. The underlying controller for computing the actuation signal is based on a modified filtered-x LMS algorithm with a robust frequency estimation technique. In order to avoid the common out-of-band overshoot problem, an integrated adaptive linear enhancer is also applied. Both single mesh frequency and multi-harmonic control cases are examined to evaluate the performance of the active control system. Additionally, the impact of the adaptive linear enhancer order as well as the controller adaptation step size on active control performance is evaluated. The experiments performed show more than 10 dB reduction in housing vibrations at certain targeted mesh harmonics over a range of operating speeds.
Comparative studies on the mechanism of action of lincomycin, streptomycin, and erythromycin.

Abstract Erythromycin inhibits translocation.Lincomycin inhibits peptide bond formation. Streptomycin inhibits translocation as well as binding of aminoacyl-tRNA.