cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Open MPI's TEG Point-to-Point Communications Methodology: Comparison to Existing Implementations

TEG is a new methodology for point-to-point messaging developed as a part of the Open MPI project. Initial performance measurements are presented, showing comparable ping-pong latencies in a single NIC configuration, but with bandwidths up to 30% higher than that achieved by other leading MPI implementations. Homogeneous dual-NIC configurations further improved performance, but the heterogeneous case requires continued investigation.
Tort and Regulatory Law in the United States of America

The relationship between tort and regulatory law is a fascinating aspect of jurisprudence, combining as it does private law and public law. Across the globe, the forced interaction of these branches of law requires judges to confront the role of expertise in devising systems to achieve safety in technical areas. In the United States, there exists an overlay of issues derived from two phenomena that are specific to American law: a system of common law jurisprudence that has generated judicial decisions in the tens of thousands, and the federal nature of the republic. These features of American law are superimposed upon a long list of statutes that create agencies to deal with problems that have inspired Congress to try to achieve higher levels of citizen protection in areas of risk that are typical of industrial societies. Only illustrative is the catalog of statutes that have been at issue in products liability litigation with respect to the question of whether federal regulation “preempts” decisionmaking by courts. The statutes involved in products cases alone range from legislation that regulates motor vehicle safety1 to statutory systems regulating the safety of drugs and devices.2 These laws also include the Occupational Safety and Health Act,3 the Consumer Product Safety Act4 and the Electronic Product Radiation Control Act.5
TWIN-TO-TWIN TRANSFUSION—AN HISTORIC NOTE

Polycythmia as a result of twin-to-twin transfusion in monozygotic twins has only been recognized as a clinical entity in the last few decades. The first recorded case of polycythemia in the newborn due to twin-to-twin transfusion, however, was reported in the Bible: "And when her (Rebekah) days to be delivered were fulfilled, behold, there were twins in her womb. And the first came forth ruddy, all over like a hairy mantle; and they called his name Esau . . .". Genesis XXV, 24-26. A ruddy newborn twin is a clear description of polycythemia in the newborn presumably due to twin-to-twin transfusion. According to Hirsch,1 despite the contrastrating differences between Esau and Jacob, they were identical twins with complete exterior similarity. Twin-to-twin transfusion occurs in 15% of identical twins. One may further speculate that because of the marked intellectual and emotional differences between Esau and his brother Jacob, that Esau9s intellectual restrictions might very well have been evidence of brain damage due to cerebral sludging as a result of polycythemia or kernicterus due to uncorrected hyperbilirubinemia pursuant to polycythemia. ". . . nothing is new under the sun . . . . It has already been in the ages before us."2
Using Justification Patterns to Advise Novice UNIX Users

Novice unix users have many incorrect beliefs about unix commands. An intelligent advisory system for unix should provide explanatory responses that correct these mistaken beliefs. To do so, the system must be able to understand how the user is justifying these beliefs, and it must be able to provide justifications for its own beliefs. These tasks not only require knowledge about specific unix-related plans but also abstract knowledge about how beliefs can be justified. This paper shows how this knowledge can be represented and sketches how it can be used to form justifications for advisor beliefs and to understand justifications given for user beliefs. Knowledge about belief justification is captured by justification patterns, domain-independent knowledge structures that are similar to the abstract knowledge structures used to understand the point behind a story. These justification patterns allow the advisor to understand and formulate novel belief justifications, giving the advisor the ability to recognize and respond to novel misconceptions.
A process tolerant semi-self impedance calibration method for LPDDR4 memory controller

This paper presents a novel process variation compensation technique for semi-self impedance calibration of the transmission line driver implemented with the Low Voltage Swing Terminated Logic (LVSTL). The impedance calibration in the pull-up and pull-down networks of the driver circuits are analyzed and designed based on the JEDEC LPDDR4(Low Power Double Data Rate) standard. Based on the impedance mismatch analysis, a new semi-self impedance calibration circuit for LPDDR4 is proposed to compensate the driver impedance mismatch caused by the process variation using process monitoring circuit. The proposed circuit is designed and implemented with 180nm CMOS technology using 1.8V supply voltage. With the proposed semi-self calibration circuit, ± V OH level change due to process variations is reduced by 81% in pull-up and 74% in pull-down networks without power overhead because it is foreground calibration scheme.
Neutron scattering as a tool for industrial research

Abstract The unique properties of the neutron make it a potentially valuable tool for industrial research, but for historical reasons, its application in this area has been rather limited. The last few years have seen an increase in the number of industrial laboratories which have availed themselves of the enormous potential of the neutron to characterize novel materials and processes which impact technology. We give a brief overview of some of these applications, with particular reference to the petroleum and chemical industries.
Susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens Isolated from Human Infections to Twenty Antibiotics

The proper choice of antibiotic for Clostridium perfringens infections in patients allergic to penicillin is not clear; the usual recommendations and recent in vitro studies disagree. We tested the susceptibility of 57 strains of C. perfringens to eight penicillins, seven cephalosporins, two tetracyclines, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, and rifampin by the agar dilution method. All strains were inhibited by (per milliliter) 4 mug or less of any of the penicillins, chloramphenicol, or clindamycin and 8 mug or less of any of the cephalosporins tested. Penicillin G and amoxicillin inhibited all strains at 0.12 mug or less per ml. Only 54% of the strains were inhibited by 1 mug of tetracycline per ml. Penicillin G remains the drug of first choice for infections with C. perfringens; it need not be added to a regimen containing a penicillinase-resistant penicillin given parenterally in high doses. The cephalosporins should be considered as alternative drugs for penicillin-allergic patients. Clindamycin and chloramphenicol are also effective. Tetracyclines cannot be depended upon in clostridial infections without in vitro testing, which is impracticable for initial empirical therapy.
A Separate Moldovan Language? The Sociolinguistics of Moldova's Limba de Stat ∗

The politics of language identity have figured heavily in the history of the people of the Republic of Moldova. Indeed the region's status as a province of Russia, Romania, and then the Soviet Union over the past 200 years has consistently been justified and, at least partially, manipulated on the basis of language issues. At the center of these struggles over language and power has been the linguistic and cultural identity of the region's autochthonous ethnicity and current demographic majority, the Moldovans. In dispute is the degree to which these Moldovans are culturally, historically, and linguistically related to the other Moldovans and Romanians across the Prut River in Romania. Under imperial Russia from 1812 to 1918 and Soviet Russia from 1944 to 1991, a proto-Moldovan identity that eschewed connections to Romania and emphasized contact with Slavic peoples was promoted in the region. Meanwhile, experts from Romania and the West have regularly argued that the eastern Moldovans are indistinguishable, historically, culturally, and linguistically, from their Romanian cousins.
Family Values, Religiosity, and Emotional Reactions to Schizophrenia in Mexican and Anglo-American Cultures

This study was designed to test whether two sociocultural variables, family cohesion and religiosity, related to affective reactions toward schizophrenia. It was hypothesized that increasing perceptions of one's family as cohesive and religious would be associated with the expression of more favorable and less unfavorable emotions toward patients with the disorder. Eighty-eight Anglo-American undergraduates from Los Angeles and 88 Mexican undergraduates from Guadalajara read vignettes of a hypothetical family member described as meeting DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia. Results of this study suggest that perceptions of family unity may be one important factor underlying emotional reactions toward schizophrenia. As expected, increasing perceptions of family cohesion were associated with greater reports of favorable emotion and decreased reports of unfavorable emotion toward the patient. However, after controlling for social desirability, family cohesion no longer significantly predicted unfavorable affect. Contrary to expectations, religiosity was not found to predict unfavorable or favorable emotions. However, religiosity was found to covary with nationality. Mexicans, compared to Anglos, reported greater moral-religious values in their families. No national differences were found with respect to family cohesion. Implications of this study are discussed along with suggested directions for future research.
Approach guidance in a downburst

We present a nonlinear feedback law for safe aircraft penetration through downbursts on landing approach. It is based on following a nominal approach path relative to the ground, subject to a minimum airspeed constraint. The guidance design uses a point-mass aircraft model and considers the flight path to be in the vertical plane. We modify the slack variable transformation method to handle the airspeed constraint and apply the nonlinear dynamic inversion technique for the guidance law synthesis. Nonlinear numerical simulation results are presented for three different downburst histories. The main features of the proposed guidance logic are normal behavior when there is no wind, tracking of the nominal path in the presence of downbursts, and insensitivity to different downburst models. Piloting implications and other aspects of landing approach in downbursts are discussed.
Heart rate, activity, and activation in rats.

Two experiments, repeated patterns of results in which heart rate (HR) and rate of instrumental activity were negatively related. In the first experiment, HR covaried substantially with gross movement, both measures responding similarly in experimental and deprivation conditions though not to time (habituation). Different categories of behavior were associated with different levels of HR. In the second experiment, the rate of instrumental consummatory behavior was inversely related to other, high-HR behaviors, and the cardiac and somatic measures were again independent in their response to time.
Role of strain-rate and phase boundary geometry on the deformation behaviour of two-phase bicrystals of alpha-beta brass

Tensile testing was carried out at various strain-rates using alpha-beta brass two-phase bicrystal specimens having two types of boundary geometries, currugated and flat. The corrugated boundary was more effective in blocking the propagation of slip from alpha to beta phase. A strain-rate sensitivity was found in all specimens regardless of boundary geometry. At low strain-rate, both boundary types were found to be ineffective barriers to the propagation of slip. At high strain-rates both boundaries fully resisted the passage of deformation. At low strain-rates coarse slip was observed, while at high strain-rates fine slip occurred in the alpha phase.
What are Kant's “Presuppositions”?

At A737/B765 1 Kant, in considering how the conditions for the possibility of experience come to be known and established, distinguishes between a "principle"2 and a theorem: the difference between them being that a principle en joys " .... the peculiar character that it makes possible the very experience which is its own ground of proof, and that in this experience it must always be presupposed". (presupposed= vorausgesetzt) Much of the literature on transcendental arguments, whether in or independently of Kant, is concerned with the ramifications of this and related statements. My purpose here is to call attention to some interpretations of Kant's writing which, I believe, are of great philosophical moment, for they touch the very heart of the subject itself. Correspondingly, it is my hope that the remarks to be offered here will broaden the domain of Kant-scholarship, in that they may point out some still neglected features of the landscape found in the Kritik. Kant begins the Kritik with an elaboration of the analytic/synthetic distinction. 3 This is no accident. For one of Kant's chief objectives was to distinguish metaphysics from ontology, and in so doing separate the respective tasks of philosophy, as an inquiry into the a priori foundations of science, and empirical science itsef. Not every philosopher since Kant adhered to this division of labor, but then not every philosopher has heeded Kant's warnings about the pitfalls of attempting to construct a transcendent (as opposed to transcendental) metaphysics, either. 4 Nonetheless it remains clear that the credit goes to Kant for first introducing the suggestion that philosophy and empirical science should be defined independently of one another, without thereby robbing philosophy of the opportunity to examine and evaluate the sciences themselves, in order to determine the answer to the question, what makes science possible? That Kant should have done so is not surprising, in view of the relative autonomy enjoyed by the sciences under the influence of the revolution begun by Copernicus and completed by Newton. Indeed, the surprise is that no one at least no one concerned at the same time to preserve the legitimate interests of metaphysicsshould have done so sooner. Although on the surface Kant's theory of synthetic judgments appears to be concerned with nothing more than the formulation of the technical distinction
Ellis Rivkin and the Problems of Pharisaic History: A Study in Historiography

HE work of Ellis Rivkin, Professor of Jewish History at the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion in Cincinnati, has attracted considerable attention during recent years. Commenting upon Rivkin's work on the thorny problem of Pharisaic origins, Jacob Neusner has written, "The new departures of Ellis Rivkin ... are highly sophisticated and thoughtful."' Moreover, while Rivkin's most recent work, The Shaping of Jewish History,2 is not the subject of this paper, it has drawn much comment from many academic critics as well as admirers and has pushed him into the spotlight of modern Jewish historiography.3 None of Rivkin's reviewers has, however, deliberately and purposefully attempted to reconstruct the total methodological and conceptual framework which serves as the foundation of his work and, consequently, none has been able fully to illuminate Rivkin's efforts. I propose to analyze and define Rivkin's methodological approach to history, as well as the conceptual framework within which he operates, in order to assess his scholarship more fruitfully. I have accordingly divided this essay into two major sections. The first section will be devoted to an explication of Rivkin's method and conceptual framework, while the second will analyze how Rivkin utilizes these methods and theoretical constructs in approaching the problem of Pharisaic origins. In this way, it is hoped, a model of historiography will be outlined which will serve as a guide to both the accomplished and the aspiring historian.
Fundamentals of surface voxelization

This paper presents the theoretical discrete geometry framework for the voxelization of surfaces. A voxelized object is a 3D discrete representation of a continuous object on a regular grid of voxels. Many important topological properties of a discrete surface cannot be stated solely in terms of connectivity, and thus the concepts of separating, coverage, and tunnel-freeness are introduced. These concepts form the basis for proper voxelization of surfaces.
A predicted Triton plasma torus in Neptune's magnetosphere

The possibility of the formation of a plasma torus generated by the satellite Triton in the magnetosphere of Neptune is investigated. A set of coupled differential equations is solved that describe the evolution of material sputtered from the surface of atmosphere of Triton in the conditions likely to exist in an assumed Neptunian magnetosphere for various combinations of nitrogen and methane that may exist on Triton. The model assumes a mechanism for transport that gives upper limits for predicted torus concentrations. It is concluded that a successful detection of plasma by the Voyager Plasma Science instrument may be possible and could be an important source of information about the composition of Triton's surface and atmosphere.
Numerical mapping of arbitrary domains using spectral methods

Abstract In order to maintain spectral accuracy, the grids on which a physical problem is to be solved must also be obtained by spectrally accurate techniques. The purpose of this paper is to describe a method of solving the quasilinear elliptic grid generation equations by spectral techniques both in Euclidean ( E 2 ) and Riemannian ( R 2 ) spaces. A parametric continuation method is used to generate grids in completely arbitrary domains.
Effects of intravenous phenylephrine on blood pressure, nociception, and neural activity in the rostral ventral medulla in rats.

Acute or chronic increases in arterial blood pressure are associated with decreases in nociception. In addition, acute increases in arterial blood pressure inhibit ON cells and excite OFF cells of the rostral ventral medulla (RVM). The current study tested whether the antinociception produced by increases in blood pressure is dependent on changes in the activity of ON and/or OFF cells. Single unit activity of ON or OFF cells was recorded in the RVM during increases in blood pressure produced by intravenous infusion of phenylephrine (1, 2.5, or 10 μg/min for 21 min) in lightly anesthetized rats. Nociception was measured using the tail flick test. Phenylephrine dose-dependently increased mean arterial pressure and tail flick latency, but had inconsistent effects on neural activity in the RVM. In a second study, the effects of phenylephrine infusion on tail flick latency was determined before and after saline or lidocaine microinjections into the RVM. Lidocaine had no effect on the ability of phenylephrine to inhibit the tail flick reflex. These data suggest that the RVM, and therefore ON and OFF cells, is not required for phenylephrine-induced antinociception.
Selective Destruction of Target Cells by Diphtheria Toxin Conjugated to Antibody Directed against Antigens on the Cells

Monkey-kidney cells bearing new surface antigens induced by infection with mumps virus were lysed selectively by diphtheria toxin conjugated to antibody against mumps antigens.
Brownian Dynamics of Folded DNA and Protein Assemblies

Molecular simulation of long time-scale dynamical motions of proteins and DNA/RNA assemblies is currently impossible using all-atom approaches. In order to partly overcome this limitation, Normal Mode Analysis (NMA) is commonly applied in vacuum to molecular assemblies to enable the calculation of large length-scale molecular motions, albeit with no feedback on their functionally crucial relaxation time-scales in solvent. Moreover, vacuum Normal Modes may differ substantially from Brownian Modes because linearized molecular motions in solvent are typically over-damped, whereas vacuum NMA assumes purely harmonic, inertia-dominated motion. To overcome the limitations associated with vacuum NMA, we introduce here a linearized Brownian Dynamics framework that enables the simulation of the over-damped motion of high molecular weight protein, DNA, and RNA assemblies based on the finite element method. We apply the procedure to simulate microsecond over-damped dynamics of Taq polymerase and programmed DNA nanostructures, and compare quantitatively Brownian Mode shapes with corresponding vacuum Normal Mode shapes, as well as analyze their respective relaxation time-scales. The present computational framework enables the simulation of long time-scale conformational dynamics of high molecular protein, DNA, and RNA assemblies in solvent that are inaccessible to all-atom approaches even on super-computers.
An approach to NMR studies of the metabolism of internal organs using surface coils

This communication describes a surgical preparation of experimental animals to permit NMR spectroscopic studies of the metabolism of internal organs. In the procedure developed, the layer of protective muscle directly above the organ is removed, but the skin is left intact. NMR studies of the metabolism of the organ can then be carried out using surface coils placed externally over the herniated area. Modified probe and stack designs for use with the surgically modified animals in a conventional NMR spectrometer are described. Phosphorus-31 NMR spectra of liver and kidney of the modified animals have been obtained, and data corresponding to the hepatic response to a load of fructose are presented.
Transdermal fentanyl for the management of acute pancreatitis pain

Although the hazards of using Demerol for pain management is well documented, physicians at a 350-bed tertiary-care center in the upper midwest continued to follow the antiquated practice of ordering intramuscular Demerol and Vistaril to manage pain for patients with acute pancreatitis. Their reasoning was based on early evidence that Demerol, unlike morphine, does not cause biliary-tract spasms resulting in epigastric or right upper quadrant pain. In an effort to change practice patterns, a multidisciplinary team was formed to study the efficacy of using Transdermal Therapeutic System (TTS) fentanyl to manage pain in this patient population. Thirty-two subjects were enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy of using TTS fentanyl with intramuscular Demerol for breakthrough pain in comparison to using a placebo system and intramuscular Demerol. There was no statistically significant difference in self-reported pain intensity between the control and experimental groups on the first day of hospitalization. This finding would be expected because serum fentanyl concentrations rise gradually during the first 12 to 14 hours after application of the TTS fentanyl and plateau at 24 hours. There was a statistically significant difference between groups at 36 hours (exact p p N = 31) = 4.3706 p
Racial disparities in mental health service use by adolescents who thought about or attempted suicide

Differences in rates and predictors of mental health service use among 2,226 Black, Hispanic, and White adolescents (aged 12-17) who reported recent suicidal thoughts or an attempt were examined. Black adolescents were 65% (OR = .65, p < .05), and Hispanic adolescents were 55% (OR = .55, p < .001), as likely as White adolescents to report service use, even when controlling for need for care and ability to secure services. Suicide attempt and psychiatric symptoms each interacted with race to increase the odds of service use uniquely for White adolescents. Results indicate that racial disparities characterize adolescents' mental health service use even when suicide risk increases.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES TO INTRAVENTRICULAR HEMORRHAGE IN NEONATAL PIGLETS

In view of the prevalence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVII) as a cause of neonatal demise, the cardiovascular responses to experimental IVII were studied. 18 piglets ranging in age from birth to 16 days were anesthetized with 0.25% halothane in an H2O-O2 mixture and artificially ventilated. Blood gas parameters were controlled. Aortic pressure (AoP), spinal fluid pressure (SFP), heart rate (HR), and femoral, renal and carotid flows were recorded continuously. IVH was simulated by serial injections of 0.5 ml of blood into the right lateral ventricle. Norepinephrine was used to test responsiveness of peripheral receptors. Age-dependency of effects was evaluated statistically for all parameters. A total of 4.0 ml IVH with at least 70% increase in SFP led to a maximum of 59% increased mean AoP; and 50% increased HR in all piglets younger than 5 days of ane. Renal resistance (R) increased at all ages but femoral R did not. Carotid R increased 16.0%±3.9 in animals 4 days old or less and 49.6%±10.4 in one week old animals. Immaturity of the cardiovascular regulatory system was apparent as an absence of the adult pattern of response to increased SFP during IVH in the piglets. There was a precipitous fall in cardiovascular parameters just before the demise of the animal resembling that seen in terminal infants.
Influential fluid–structure interaction modelling parameters on the response of bridges vulnerable to coastal storms

Analysis of coastal bridges under hurricane-induced wave and surge loads is essential for safety and performance assessment of water crossing bridge inventories. A reliable numerical model that can be employed to study the behaviour of bridges in hurricane events is beneficial because it reduces the cost and effort required for experimental models. Furthermore, it is important to identify modelling parameters that have a significant effect on the simulated response in order to guide uncertainty treatment for future bridge reliability studies. To address these needs, a high fidelity numerical model for simulation of coastal bridges is utilised that takes into account the fluid–structure interaction and includes contact surfaces that permit deck shifting and unseating during surge and wave passage. After validation of the model with experimental test data, it is implemented to examine the response of a typical water crossing bridge in the Houston area, revealing the values of wave and surge loads and also t...
Digitization of the battlefield using unattended ground sensors

Recent research in unattended ground sensor (UGS) systems has established the basis for significant advances in determining the local conditions in a tactical battlefield environment. In particular, new technology allows the creation of `throw-away' sensors which can be placed in a battlefield environment and are capable of self-location (via low cost global positioning satellite system technology), self-calibration using a portfolio of sensors to monitor the local environment, and inter-sensor site communications, e.g. via low level commercially available ethernet spread spectrum transceivers and peer-to-peer networking. At the Penn State University Applied Research Laboratory, such a capability has been developed and demonstrated at the breadboard level. Each node of a multi-node system involves a suite of sensors for acoustic/seismic target identification, sound propagation monitoring (depends greatly on weather conditions), barometric pressure, relative humidity, air temperature vertical gradient, wind, soil temperature, moisture, salinity, dielectric constant, and resistance. A small network of UGS nodes can be distributed widely in an array for non-line-of-sight target identification and tracking as well as real time characterization of the battlefield environment. This paper briefly describes the UGS implementation and unclassified experimental results showing a significant impact of the changing environment of acoustic detection.
Process and Outcome in Cardiac Rehabilitation: An Examination of Cross-Lagged Effects.

Cardiac rehabilitation patients improve cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life, yet therapeutic processes that produce these changes remain unknown. A cross-lagged panel design was used to determine whether early-treatment enhancement of self-efficacy regarding abilities to change diet and exercise habits and the quality of the patient-staff working alliance predicted late-treatment changes in a wide range of outcomes, but not vice versa. Eighty cardiac patients participating in a 12-week program completed measures at early, mid- and late treatment. Early-treatment changes in exercise self-efficacy predicted late-treatment changes in activity level, depression, and working alliance, but not vice versa. Diet self-efficacy changes correlated with concurrent changes in fat intake and body weight. Early-treatment changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and activity level predicted late-treatment changes in working alliance, but not vice versa. Findings suggest that increased exercise self-efficacy represents an important therapeutic mechanism by which rehabilitation gains are realized. ((c) 2004 APA, all rights reserved)
Framework for Coupling Room Air Models to Heat Balance Model Load and Energy Calculations (RP-1222)

Most energy and load calculation procedures have assumed that room air is well mixed, which may lead to significant errors in sizing HVAC systems, estimating building energy use, and predicting thermal comfort for buildings with buoyancy-driven room airflow. This investigation has developed a framework and computer code for coupling detailed air models with building energy and load calculations as an extension to the ASHRAE Toolkit for Building Load Calculations. Two nodal models and a momentum-zonal model were selected for testing the coupling framework in a program for hourly load calculations of a single thermal zone. The heat balance model for load and energy calculations is reformulated to use zone air temperature as a variable defined separately for each surface. Air system flow rates are determined using air model predictions for temperature at the air system returns and a room air control location. The effect of air models on sensible load was found to be minor except when aggressive diurnal therm...
COMPOSITION, QUALITY AND MICROBIOLOGY OF DRY‐CURED HAMS PRODUCED FROM PREVIOUSLY FROZEN GREEN HAMS

Four groups of 15 hams each were divided as follows: Group 1 was placed in cure while frozen. Groups 2, 3 and 4, respectively, were placed in cure after thawing at 3°C, 15°C or in running water at 38°C. After curing 4 wk at 3–4°C and salt equalization at 13°C for 4 wk, they were smoked 24 hr at 38°C and aged 3 mo. at 24°C. Hams were sliced, evaluated for color and odor, cooked, evaluated by a palatability panel and sheared for tenderness; lean was analyzed for moisture, salt and nitrite. Various microbial counts were made on surface and core samples at different processing periods. Group 1 had the least weight loss with no differences between groups 2, 3 and 4. Color, aroma, general appearance and palatability scores and nitrite content were similar for all hams. Shear values were lower for the semimembranosus muscle in group 1. Other shear values were similar. Group 1 was lower in salt and higher in moisture than groups 2, 3 and 4, with no differences among the latter three groups. No bacteria of public health significance were detected in or on hams before curing or after 3 mo aging. Freezing and storage seemed to cause injury to some microbial species and resulted in failure to recover selected pathogens and some nonpathogens from thawed hams. Higher initial surface counts were obtained from hams thawed before curing than from hams cured frozen. Hams cured frozen had higher surface counts after curing than hams thawed before curing. The results probably are related to the lower salt and higher moisture levels of hams cured frozen, as well as to the method used to thaw the hams.
Low Enzymatic Activity Haplotypes of the Human Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Gene: Enrichment for Marker SNPs

Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is an enzyme that plays a key role in the modulation of catechol-dependent functions such as cognition, cardiovascular function, and pain processing. Three common haplotypes of the human COMT gene, divergent in two synonymous and one nonsynonymous (val(158)met) position, designated as low (LPS), average (APS), and high pain sensitive (HPS), are associated with experimental pain sensitivity and risk of developing chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions. APS and HPS haplotypes produce significant functional effects, coding for 3- and 20-fold reductions in COMT enzymatic activity, respectively. In the present study, we investigated whether additional minor single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), accruing in 1 to 5% of the population, situated in the COMT transcript region contribute to haplotype-dependent enzymatic activity. Computer analysis of COMT ESTs showed that one synonymous minor SNP (rs769224) is linked to the APS haplotype and three minor SNPs (two synonymous: rs6267, rs740602 and one nonsynonymous: rs8192488) are linked to the HPS haplotype. Results from in silico and in vitro experiments revealed that inclusion of allelic variants of these minor SNPs in APS or HPS haplotypes did not modify COMT function at the level of mRNA folding, RNA transcription, protein translation, or enzymatic activity. These data suggest that neutral variants are carried with APS and HPS haplotypes, while the high activity LPS haplotype displays less linked variation. Thus, both minor synonymous and nonsynonymous SNPs in the coding region are markers of functional APS and HPS haplotypes rather than independent contributors to COMT activity.
Calculation of the high frequency part of the magnetic susceptibility of molecular hydrogen

Abstract The values of the magnetic susceptibility, the magnetic anisotropy and the high frequency part of the magnetic susceptibility for molecular hydrogen are calculated with greater combined accuracy than in previous calculations. The method used is a modification of the procedure of minimizing with respect to the gauge
Fractional Anisotropy is Higher in Heschl’s Gyrus Than in Superior Temporal Gyrus in Normal Subjects1

Rationale and Objectives The first Heschl’s gyrus (HG) is believed to receive the core projection of the acoustic radiation. We examined if it were possible to differentiate the subcortical white matter of the HG from the superior temporal gyrus (STG) using diffusion tensor (DT) imaging. Materials and Methods The study was approved and informed consent was obtained in accordance with the guidelines of our Institutional Review Board for human subject studies. We examined six healthy adult volunteers with DT images using 20 orientations and repeated 11 times. The fractional anisotropy (FA) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were calculated. Results The mean FA of the subcortical white matter of the HG (0.37) was higher than that of the STG (0.27) on both sides (P .05). There was no statistically significant difference in mean ADC of the HGs and STGs (0.75 × 10−3 mm2/sec, P > .05). Conclusions The FA in the subcortical white matter of the HG was higher than that of the STG in both hemispheres. These changes in DT imaging may be accounted for by the presence of the auditory radiations.
HARD MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MULTILAYERED SmCo/Co PERMANENT MAGNETS

We have prepared (Sm-Co)/Co multilayers with two different Co thicknes to study the hard magnetic properties (coercivity Hci and energy product BHmax) of nanostructured SmCo magnets consisting of hard SmCo and softer higher moment Co phases. Samples are annealed at a temperature in the range 450 – 700°C, for 20 minutes in vacuum (standard anneal) or rapidly annealed for 30 seconds under flowing nitrogen (rapid anneal) to form the hard Sm-Co phase. We find that samples subjected to a standard anneal at 500°C or a rapid anneal at 650°C show the largest energy products in these thin films, about 21 MG.Oe. This is closely related to the fact that the high field magnetization is highest for these anneal temperatures and decreases at higher anneal temperatures.
Final thoughts on interesting times

Abstract As the concluding article in a two-part special issue, this essay comments on the changes, both impending and possible, in the delivery of U.S. federal government information. The author recommends that the Government Printing Office be dissolved and that the Superintendent of Documents and the Federal Depository Library Program be made the responsibility of the Library of Congress. The author further recommends that libraries need to consider the centrality of government information and information technology and make the necessary budget reallocations to accommodate that vision. If that vision is embraced, the author sees a bright future for the dissemination of and access to U.S. government information.
Comment on Environmental Psychology and Social Psychology

This paper comments on Altman's description of environ mental psychology and its relation to social psychology. It sug gests that a distinction be made between environmental psychology and the field of environment and behavior. It argues that Altman's description of the distinguishing features of environmental psy chology represent the orientation of non-social psychologists in volved in the field while social psychologists in the field gen erally adhere to a more traditional orientation. In accord with Altman's position this paper suggests that social psychology and environmental psychology can mutually benefit one another and dis cusses ways in which they can do so.
A note on the evolution of software engineering practices

Abstract This paper describes how software development process naturally evolves. Items taken from an early version of the SEI's CMM questionnaire are shown to make up a linear scale that describes how software development and management practices are introduced in a software production organization. Analysis of this scale shows that when software practices are inadequately or incompletely implemented, they are refined in several iterations. This observation implies that such repetitive refinements of software practices can be estimated and that it may be possible to correct inadequate or incomplete initial implementations and shorten the cycle between refinement steps and thus accelerate the software process evolution.
1-hydroxy-2-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine. A useful intermediate in the synthesis of short acyl chain 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholines

Abstract The synthesis of 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholines in particular those containing short fatty acyl chains are described. The method involves the use of 1-acyl-2-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholines which can be readily prepared by reacting hens' egg yolk 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholines with tert-butyldimethylchlorosilane with imidazole as catalyst and dimethylformamide as solvent. Deacylation of the 1-acyl-2-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholines with saturated anhydrous potassium carbonate in methanol yields the 2-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine. Reacylation of the 2-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine with fatty acyl anhydride in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine in anhydrous chloroform followed by removal of the tert-butyldimethylsilyl protecting group by treatment with dry hydrogen chloride gas in anhydrous chloroform at 0° yields the desired 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine. Various facets of the reactions involved in developing the synthetic procedures in this study are discussed.
Of Mice and Men [Turnstile]

Presents information on the current state of the art in the detection of buried land mines and unexploded ordnance.
The Tumor Suppressor Protein HBP1 Is a Novel c-Myc-binding Protein That Negatively Regulates c-Myc Transcriptional Activity

c-Myc is an important transcription factor that regulates cellular proliferation, cell growth, and differentiation. A number of transcriptional co-factors for c-Myc have been described that have binding sites within highly conserved regions of the c-Myc transactivational domain (TAD). Given the importance of the c-Myc TAD, we set out to identify new proteins that interact with this region using a yeast two-hybrid assay. HBP1 was identified in our screen as a protein that interacts with full-length c-Myc but not a c-Myc mutant lacking the TAD. HBP1 is a transcriptional repressor and has been shown to negatively regulate the cell cycle. A correlation between HBP1 under-expression and breast cancer relapse has been described, suggesting that HBP1 may be an important tumor suppressor protein. We have found that HBP1 binds c-Myc in cells, and expression of HBP1 inhibits c-Myc transactivational activity at least partly by preventing c-Myc binding to target gene promoters. c-Myc binds to the C terminus of HBP1, a region lost in some breast tumors, and some HBP1 mutants found in breast cancer weakly interact with and/or no longer negatively regulate c-Myc. This work adds to our understanding of c-Myc regulation and mechanisms of tumor suppression by HBP1.
Ergodic Properties of Multidimensional Brownian Motion with Rebirth

In a bounded open region of the $d$ dimensional space we consider a Brownian motion which is reborn at a fixed interior point as soon as it reaches the boundary. The evolution is invariant with respect to a density equal, modulo a constant, to the Green function of the Dirichlet Laplacian centered at the point of return. We calculate the resolvent in closed form, study its spectral properties and determine explicitly the spectrum in dimension one. Two proofs of the exponential ergodicity are given, one using the inverse Laplace transform and properties of analytic semigroups, and the other based on Doeblin's condition. Both methods admit generalizations to a wide class of processes.
Beta-adrenergic responsiveness in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts: effect of age.

Abstract β-Adrenergic agonists stimulate cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation and relaxation in vascular smooth muscle; both of these responses decline in rat aorta with increasing age. To ascertain whether the deficit in β-receptor stimulated cAMP accumulation persists in isolated aortic smooth muscle cells, the effect of isoproterenol on cAMP accumulation was measured in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and vascular fibroblasts taken from young (4–6 weeks) and older (8–12 months) Fischer 344 male rats. Immunofluorescent staining confirmed the identity of VSMC as distinct from fibroblasts. Isoproterenol stimulated cAMP accumulation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in both cell types; maximal cAMP accumulation induced by β-adrenergic stimulation in cultured cells was much higher than those seen in the intact aorta. While there was a blunting of cAMP response to isoproterenol in fibroblasts cultured from the older rats, the response in VSMC cultured from the older rats was actually increased compared to the VSMC cultured from the younger rats. In contrast, activation of cAMP accumulation in the cultured cells by forskolin was similar in cells from older and young animals. The results suggest that the blunting in isoproterenol-stimulated cAMP accumulation found in aortas from older animals is not seen in VSMC cultured from these animals; whether this change in the culture reflects removal of some extrinsic factor in the older rats or is a consequence of intrinsic changes in the cells in culture requires further investigation.
Preattentive deficit in temporal processing by chronic schizophrenics

Abstract Preattentive visual filtering by two types of neural cells (transient and sustained) constitutes the basic neural correlates underlying visual perception. Transient cells respond abruptly to temporal modulation and to the low spatial frequency components of visual stimuli. Their function is localization of objects and global perception (i.e., detection). Sustained cells respond slowly and selectively to high spatial frequencies and are believed to be responsible for the “oblique effect” (i.e., reduced responsiveness to obliquely oriented high spatial frequencies), which likely occurs at the striate cortex. Their function is to discern the details of an object (i.e., identification). The present study evaluated early visual processing in normal controls and schizophrenics by presenting vertical and oblique (45°) spatial frequency gratings of 0.9 and 12 c/deg that were presented for 50, 100, 175, and 250-msec pulses. Threshold, in milliseconds, to detect an interstimulus interval (ISI) between two grating pulses was the dependent measure. Schizophrenics required longer ISIs for each grating duration, except for 250 msec, and longer ISIs for the 15 c/deg oblique grating. The results indicate that schizophrenics have a preattentive processing deficit that is further elaborated at the cortical level.
Nonstatic theory of pion-nucleus scattering☆

A multiple scattering description of ..pi..-nucleus scattering that does not make use of the standard fixed-scatterer approximation (FSA) is presented. A generalized version of the impulse approximation is derived. This is then used to obtain an improved first order optical potential, which is studied for pion energies around the 3-3 resonance. One of the most important features of the nonstatic description is to take into account the intermediate propagation of the interacting ..pi..-N system (..delta..). This propagation induces a nonlocality in the optical potential. Its effect is studied for pion propagation in nuclear matter, which is found to be dominated by two collective modes of the ..pi..-nucleus system. The static description represents a well-defined limit of our formalism that allows the determination of the range of validity of the FSA. Binding corrections to the elementary amplitude are investigated and it is established that they represent, within the nonstatic formalism, the ..delta..-residual nucleus interaction. Their influence on ..pi..-nucleus scattering is discussed. Pion absorption is shown to be inherently contained in the nonstatic description of ..pi..-nucleus scattering. (AIP)
Duality relations for queues with arrival and service control

We consider finite buffered queues with service or arrival control. In the case of service control, service may be stopped and restarted depending on the queue length. In the case of arrival control, the arrival stream can be turned off and on or arrivals may be rejected depending on the queue length. We give duality relations for various systems with arrival and service control that enables us to relate their stationary queue length distributions. We use physical coupling arguments which imply the stochastic coupling necessary to relate the queue lengths. We also discuss special cases for which queue length relationships can be obtained by analyzing the underlying Markov process. Two examples are provided to demonstrate the application of the duality property. The first example is a case where the existing queue length distribution for a given model can be used to obtain the queue length distribution of another model. In the second example, we obtain the previously unknown queue length distributions for two related models at once.
Strong Formulations of Robust Mixed 0–1 Programming

We introduce strong formulations for robust mixed 0–1 programming with uncertain objective coefficients. We focus on a polytopic uncertainty set described by a ``budget constraint'' for allowed uncertainty in the objective coefficients. We show that for a robust 0–1 problem, there is an α–tight linear programming formulation with size polynomial in the size of an α–tight linear programming formulation for the nominal 0–1 problem. We give extensions to robust mixed 0–1 programming and present computational experiments with the proposed formulations.