cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of an ice-condenser containment building anchorage system

Abstract A 3-D non-linear finite-element analysis of an ice-condenser steel containment anchorage system, which considers the parameters that affect this complex system, was performed. The model included a portion of the containment shell, knuckle plate, base plate, reinforced concrete mat, anchor bolt, anchorage system, soil foundation material, and a portion of the containment shield building. The results showed the early formation of conical failure surfaces within the concrete that are associated with the brittle failure mode. However, these surfaces were not completely developed to the top of the containment basemat. No high strains were recorded in the anchorage system or the containment shell. Hence, failure of the containment anchorage system was not hypothesized.
Fabrication of an artificial 3-dimensional vascular network using sacrificial sugar structures

Using sacrificial sugar structures, we have formed a 3D fluidic vascular network in a polymeric matrix. Melt-spun sugar fibers (cotton candy) were used to form channels with diameters and densities similar to those of capillaries. To interface to macroscopic fluidic systems, larger sacrificial sugar structures were used to form an artificial inlet and outlet. To verify that the channel network supported flow, we used video fluorescence microscopy to image both 2 µm fluorescent polystyrene spheres in an aqueous solution and fluorescently labeled blood. This fabrication process may be applied to a wide range of polymeric materials and is rapid, inexpensive, and highly scalable.
Conformational and electronic band structure analysis of a new type of high performance polybenzothiazole polymers

The energy-band structure and preferred (minimum energy) conformation of the recently synthesized polybenzothiazoles (PBT; AA and AB type), representing a new class of high-performance polymers, were determined by molecular orbital calculations. In the case of the AAPBT chain, the most stable conformation was obtained atφ1 (rotation angle about the bond joining the two bibenzothiazole moieties) = 20° andφ2 (rotation angle about the bond joining the bibenzothiazole group and thep-phenylene group) = 10°. In the case of the ABPBT chain, the corresponding minimum energy rotational angle (φ′) was found to be 20°. These conformations agree fairly well with both theoretical and experimental observations. The calculated axial band gaps were 1.94 and 2.08 eV for the AAPBT and ABPBT polymers, respectively, and these values are close to the corresponding value for polyacetylene, considered a prototype electrically-conducting polymer because of its novel electronic properties and manifold applications.
Computer Aided Biomodeling and Analysis of Patient Specific Porous Titanium Mandibular Implants

Custom implants for the reconstruction of mandibular defects have recently gained importance due to their better performance over their generic counterparts. This is attributed to their precise adaptation to the region of implantation, reduced surgical times, and better cosmesis. Recent introduction of direct digital manufacturing technologies, which enable the fabrication of implants from patient specific data, has opened up a new horizon for the next generation of customized maxillofacial implants. In this article, we discuss a representative volume element based technique in which precisely defined porous implants with customized stiffness values are designed to match the stiffness and weight characteristics of surrounding healthy bone tissue. Dental abutment structures have been incorporated into the mandibular implant. Finite element analysis is used to assess the performance of the implant under masticatory loads. This design strategy lends itself very well to rapid manufacturing technologies based on metal sintering processes.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Femoral Tunnel Drilling Through Anteromedial Portal: Axial Plane Drill Angle Affects Tunnel Length

Purpose The purpose of this study was to correlate femoral tunnel length with axial drilling angle through the anteromedial portal. Methods Ten anatomically correct Sawbones knee models (Pacific Research Laboratories, Vashon, WA) were used for this study. With the knee flexed to 120°, tunnels were drilled through a simulated anterior medial portal with a custom outrigger guide. The guide provided consistently reproducible drilling angles of 20°, 40°, and 60° in the axial plane. Femoral tunnel lengths were recorded for each knee at each drilling angle. A 1-way analysis of variance (α = .05) was conducted to compare tunnel length in the 3 groups. Multiple comparisons were conducted by use of a Tukey post hoc test. Results The mean femoral tunnel lengths at 20°, 40°, and 60° were 37.0 mm, 36.9 mm, and 32.3 mm, respectively. The tunnels drilled at 20° and 40° were significantly longer than the 60° group ( P Conclusions Our findings suggest that drilling femoral tunnels through an anteromedial portal at an axial angle of 20° or 40° produces longer femoral tunnels than with an axial drilling angle of 60°. Clinical Relevance On the basis of this study, we recommend a 40° angle when approaching the lateral wall during femoral tunnel drilling through the anteromedial portal to optimize tunnel length while avoiding the acute angle and oblique entry of a 20° angle.
Synthesis of 3′-Aminopteroic Acid

The synthesis of 3′-aminopteroic acid by three alternative routes is reported. The title compound was designed for possible folic acid antagonism but instead showed slight positive growth activity.
FGF2-Heparin Co-crystal Complex-assisted Design of Mutants FGF1 and FGF7 with Predictable Heparin Affinities

Abstract The co-crystal structures of FGF2 and heparin-derived tetra- and hexasaccharides demonstrated the existence of high and low affinity contact residues that are likely to be involved in heparin binding (Faham, S., Hileman, R. E., Fromm, J. R., Linhardt, R. J., and Rees, D. C. (1996)Science 271, 1116–1120). To study the role of these putative contact residues, we chose three fibroblast growth factor family members with distinct heparin affinities for comparative mutagenesis studies. Only one amino acid significantly differed between FGF1 and FGF2 and was mutated, FGF1-31K. FGF7, also called keratinocyte growth factor, was mutated to mimic either FGF1 or FGF2 at two of the putative high contact points termed FGF7-1 and FGF7-2, respectively. FGF2 has higher apparent heparin affinity than FGF1 or FGF7, and FGF1 has higher heparin affinity than FGF7. All three mutants showed an increase in apparent heparin affinity compared with wild types. FGF7-1 has a lower apparent heparin affinity than FGF7-2, analogous to wild type FGF1 and FGF2. The FGF1-31K mutant showed no change in mitogenic activity, whereas the FGF7 mutants exhibited a decrease in activity. These results indicate that the co-crystal structure of the FGF2-heparin complexes can be used to design a rational approach to the generation of mutants with defined affinities for heparin or heparan sulfate proteoglycans.
Third Ventricular Chordoid Glioma: A Distinct Clinicopathologic Entity

We have encountered a series of 8 third ventricular neoplasms with a distinctive chordoid appearance that appear to represent a clinicopathologic entity. The tumors occurred in 7 females and 1 male, ranging in age from 31 to 70 years. In all cases, imaging studies showed a large well-circumscribed third ventricular mass; a cystic component was noted in 2. The tumors consisted of cords and clusters of cohesive, oval-to-polygonal epithelioid cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, relatively uniform round-to-oval nuclei, and inconspicuous nucleoli. Mitotic activity was absent. The stroma consisted of scant, coarse fibrillar processes, as well as prominent, slightly basophilic, extracellular mucin resembling that in chordomas. Throughout the tumor, and surrounding its well-defined borders, were infiltrates of mature lymphocytes and plasma cells. Russell bodies were prominent in the latter. Adjacent brain tissue showed reactive changes with gliosis and numerous Rosenthal fibers. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were strongly reactive for GFAP and vimentin, but negative or only weakly staining for EMA. The MIB-1 labeling index was approximately 1%. Ultrastructural examination of 4 cases revealed focal microvilli, scattered "intermediate" junctions, and focal basal lamina formation. Neither desmosomes nor cilia were seen. Total resections were achieved in 2 cases; only subtotal removals were achieved in 6. Subsequent tumor enlargement was noted in 3 of the 6 patients with incomplete resection, and of these, two died at post-operative intervals of 8 months and 3 years. The other patient survives 4 years post-operatively with stable residual disease. Of the 2 patients with total resection, 1 was lost to follow-up; the other, during a brief follow-up period, did well without evidence of recurrence.
A versatile, user-friendly tachistoscope for the Macintosh

A wide range of experimental procedures require precisely timed stimulus presentations, and then record timed responses from subjects. In many of these procedures, stimulus presentations must be very brief (i.e., tachistoscopic), and followed by a masking stimulus, TScope, a new application for the Macintosh, is designed to run virtually any of these procedures. TScope and its companion program, ConfigureTScope, are designed with an emphasis on versatility, ease-of-use, and, consequently, ease of instruction. TScope is suitable for both classroom and research use. The present article provides a description of TScope’s capabilities and also provides several examples of how this application can be used.
Developing an intervention for depressed, chronically medically ill elders: a model from COPD.

Background Geriatric depression preferentially afflicts individuals with chronic medical illnesses. Disability, hopelessness, lack of acceptance of antidepressant treatment, and limited problem-solving skills contribute to poor treatment adherence, compromised outcomes, and chronically experienced adversity. Methods This paper uses depression comorbid with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as a model entity to develop an approach for integrating treatment components essential for improving treatment adherence and outcomes. Results The behavioral inertia of depression and its coexisting cognitive problems reduce adherence to the sustained and complex demands of the COPD rehabilitation regimen and antidepressant treatment. An intervention identifying reasons for poor treatment adherence and offering direct instructions for addressing them can be combined with problem-solving therapy to target treatment adherence, depressive symptoms, and disability. Conclusions An intervention focusing on treatment adherence and problem-solving skills development may serve as the platform for administering specific treatments to address the interacting problems of depressed medically ill patients. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Playing an Electron Transport System Game to Improve Health Students’ Learning

Understanding how the electron transport system makes ATP from the transfer of electrons by coenzymes is improved when students play a hands-on electron transport system game. The game requires students to play the parts of the electron carriers and coenzymes, demonstrating where and how electrons move through the system. This game looks at the big picture of what is occurring in the ETS and is intended for prenursing and predietetics students in a one-semester organic and biochemistry (OB) course or a one-semester general, organic, and biochemistry course (GOB). Many institutions offer these types of courses and the students need to have a good understanding of biochemistry to succeed in the health related professions.
First-Principles Calculation of the Electronic Transport Properties of Metals

properties are directly related to the topology of the Fermi surface. In particular, in semi-metal and narrow gap semi-conductor systems, a small amount of electron/hole doping will cause dramatic change in the transport properties. The recent development of highly accurate electronic structure calculation methods and new techniques for band fitting enable us to explore potential candidates of novel materials from first-principles calculations. We have implemented a band interpolation scheme to the WIEN97 full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave (LAPW) band structure package 6), 7) to investigate the electronic transport properties of metals and alloy. The electronic transport coefficients are calculated from Fermi surface integration of the quantities related to band structure, e.g., density of states, Fermi velocity and effective mass tensor. In order to obtain these quantities, we used the modified Shankland-Koelling-Wood (SKW) band interpolation scheme 9) with a simple filtering technique. We applied low-pass filtering function to the interpolation equation in order to suppress high frequency wiggles appearing near band crossing points. The detailed procedure of the calculation will be described in a future paper. 10) The calculated and experimentally observed Hall coefficient for several cubic metals are listed in Table I. Previous theoretical results obtained from tight-binding calculations 8) are also tabulated for comparison. As shown in Table I, the overall agreement between present calculations and experiments is very good except for Fe. In the case of Fe, the band crossing near the ∆ point causes high frequency wiggles in the second derivative of the Fermi surface, which give rise to large numerical error in the unfiltered Hall coefficient. This problem is corrected by the filtering procedure. Figure 1 and 2 show calculated carrier concentration nH and Seebeck coefficient S for β � Sb3Zn4. It is experimentally observed that this compound has highly efficient thermoelectric power measured by a dimensionless figure of merit ZT = σS 2 T/ κ, where σ, T and κ correspond to electrical conductivity, temperature and thermal conductivity, respectively. The non-stoichiometric site occupation number of the compound is taken into account by a rigid band model, i.e., the Fermi level obtained by the calculation for stoichiometric composition is shifted by an amount of +0.027 Ry which yields experimentally observed carrier concentration nH =0 .05 hole/cell. Present result for the Seebeck coefficient shows excellent agreement with experiment and other theoretical calculation. 11) We observed that the calculated thermopower for this compound is very sensitive to the doping level(high hole doping
Ectopic p21WAF1 Expression Induces Differentiation-specific Cell Cycle Changes in PC12 Cells Characteristic of Nerve Growth Factor Treatment

Nerve growth factor treatment of PC12 cells results in neuronal differentiation, a process accompanied by induction of the Cdk inhibitor p21(WAF1). To determine the role of p21 in differentiation, PC12 clones containing an inducible p21 construct were utilized to induce growth arrest. Expression of p21 led to accumulation of cyclins D1 and E and to a decrease in cyclins A and B. Levels of Cdc2 and Cdk4 also decreased after p21 induction. Initially, thymidine incorporation into DNA was dramatically inhibited; however, low levels of incorporation were observed during prolonged p21 expression. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis revealed that this low level of DNA synthesis resulted in the generation of polyploid cells. Results from Western blots were consistent with phosphorylation of p21 protein coincident with the resumption of DNA synthesis. Finally, treatment of p21-arrested populations with epidermal growth factor, a known PC12 mitogen, resulted in neurite extension, a key feature of neuronal differentiation. Overall, cell cycle changes following p21 overexpression in PC12 cells closely mimic distinctive events previously shown to occur during differentiation. These results suggest that the mechanism by which nerve growth factor induces the many cellular changes associated with growth arrest during differentiation is through p21(WAF1) induction.
Optical Kerr effect in carbon diselenide

Abstract We have measured the optical Kerr susceptibility of liquid carbon diselenide and find its value to be (74 ± 11) × 10 −14 csu, with pump and probe wavelengths of 619 and 579 nm, respectively. This value is approximately three times the Kerr susceptibility of carbon disulfide, and is the largest value reported for a simple liquid. A strong dispersion in Kerr susceptibility is observed as the probe frequency is tuned toward the blue, and is likely due to two-photon near-resonant enhancement from the 1 B 2 state. We also report the visible and ultraviolet absorption spectra and linear refractive index measurements of liquid CSe 2 .
Acquired elliptocytosis of myelodysplastic syndrome.

![Figure][1] A 75-year-old man with a 5-year history of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) subsequently developed worsening fatigue, dizziness, and dyspnea on exertion. There was no family history of hematologic diseases. On examination he was cachectic with no hepatosplenomegaly and petechiae,
Speaking with the same voice: geographic interpretation and representation of literary resources

New forms of literary resource interpretation in geogarphy have come to the fore in recent years. However, representation has not kept pace with this interpretive advance. I explore the background of this idea, discuss its potential, and present an example of alternative representations using the writings of Michael Shaara and Robert Penn Warren.
jGRASP: a lightweight IDE with dynamic object viewers for CS1 and CS2

The jGRASP IDE provides new object viewers that automatically generate dynamic, state-based visualizations of objects and primitive variables in Java. Multiple synchronized visualizations of an object, including complex data structures, are immediately available to users from the jGRASP debugger window or object workbench. Initial classroom use has demonstrated the object viewers' potential as an aid to student learning, while future research will explore their utility through controlled experiments.
Vertically integrated pixel microbolometers for IR imaging using high-resistivity VOx

Publisher’s Note 7 October 2013: This SPIE Proceedings paper has been updated with an erratum correcting several issues throughout the paper. The corrected paper was published in place of the earlier version on 11 June 2013. If you purchased the original version of the paper and no longer have access, please contact SPIE Digital Library Customer Service at CustomerService@SPIEDigitalLibrary.org for assistance. Uncooled IR bolometers form an integral part of thermal imaging cameras. Vanadium oxide material currently used for IR imaging has a resistivity between 0.1 and 1 ohm-cm and a temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) between -1.4%K -1 to -2.4%K -1 . Higher TCR materials are desired, however, such materials inevitably have higher resistivity and therefore higher electrical resistance in a lateral resistor configuration. A high resistance leads to an increase in the Johnson-Nyquist noise of the bias-induced current, thereby limiting the performance of bolometers using high resistivity material. In this work, we demonstrate high resistivity, high TCR VO x and propose the use of a vertically integrated resistor configuration an alternate pixel structure design with lower Johnson noise when compared with the conventional lateral pixel design. Biased Target Ion Beam Deposition was used to deposit high resistivity vanadium oxide thin-films (~85 nm thick). Electrical characterization of lateral resistor structures showed resistivities ranging from 2 ⨯ 10 3 ohm-cm to 2.1 ⨯ 10 4 ohm-cm, TCR varying from -2.6%K -1 to -5%K -1 , Johnson noise (pixel resistance of 1.3GΩ) of 4.7 to 6μV/√Hz and 1/f noise (normalized Hooge’s parameter (α/n)) of 5 ⨯ 10 -21 to 5 ⨯ 10 -18 cm -3 . In contrast, the through-film resistor structures showed significantly higher resistivities at 3 ⨯ 10 4 Ohm-cm to 1.55 ⨯ 10 5 Ohm-cm, TCR similar to lateral resistive structure between -2.6%K -1 to -5.1%K -1 , immeasurably low Johnson noise (pixel resistance of 48KΩ) and normalized Hooge’s parameter ranging from to 5⨯10 -21 to 1⨯10 -18 cm -3 . These results indicate the possible use of through-film resistors as an alternative to the conventional lateral-resistor design currently used in uncooled imaging microbolometers.
Correspondence Re: Chibbar R, Leung K, McCormick S, Ritzkalla K, Strickler J, Staggs R, et al. BCL-1 Gene Rearrangements in Mantle Cell Lymphoma: A Comprehensive Analysis of 118 Cases, Including B-5-Fixed Tissue, by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Southern Transfer Analysis. Mod Pathol 1998;11:1089–97

Correspondence Re: Chibbar R, Leung K, McCormick S, Ritzkalla K, Strickler J, Staggs R, et al. BCL-1 Gene Rearrangements in Mantle Cell Lymphoma: A Comprehensive Analysis of 118 Cases, Including B-5-Fixed Tissue, by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Southern Transfer Analysis. Mod Pathol 1998;11:1089–97
Evaluating performance appraisal systems for IS personnel

A survey of Performance Appraisal systems in IS organizations of Fortune 1000 firms revealed that improvements in attitudes and performance can be made by moving from traditional to collaborative appraisal systems such as MB0 (management by objective) or BARS (behaviorally anchored rating scales). Over 65 percent of the surveyed organizations using the above two performance appraisal systems believe performance is improved by the system. Only 43 percent of organizations using traditional systems believe performance is improved. Six systems are identified and compared: graphic rating, forced distribution, peer rating, subordinate rating, B.A.R.S. and M.B.O. Characteristics of P/A systems are analyzed and recommendations are discussed.
Shear, shape and orientation effects in transformation toughening

Abstract The continuum mechanics is formulated for the inelastic behavior of a ceramic material containing particles of a second phase ceramic which undergo a martensitic phase transformation when a function of the macroscopic stress state attains a critical value. A constitutive law is derived which is applicable to such materials viewed as composites. The constitutive law is similar in structure to the incremental (or flow) theories of metal plasticity in that it is characterized by a yield function (relating the critical values of the components of the stress state), a loading criterion (specifying the condition for continued deformation) and a set of flow equations (relating the increments of inelastic strains to the macroscopic stress state). Explicit forms of the constitutive law are presented for the cases in which the second phase particles are either spheres or thin oblate spheroids. The inelastic constitutive law is used to predict the toughness enhancement measured in ceramics which are strengthened by second phase particles (usually ZrO 2 ) which undergo both dilatational and shear irreversible transformations in the presence of a macroscopic crack. The neartip stress intensity factor is related to the applied stress intensity factor for stationary and growth macroscopic cracks. Toughening is associated with crack growth and is due to the wake of transformed particles which are left behind a growing crack. The results show the importance of accounting for both the shear and dilatational components of the transformation as well as the importance of orientation effects on the values of the toughness enhancement.
The Effect of Movie Portrayals on Audience Attitudes About Nontraditional Families and Sexual Orientation

This study examined the impact of motion pictures about the family on viewers' attitudes about family life and sexual orientation. Viewers were randomly assigned to view either Father of the Bride II (control group) or Object of My Affection (treatment group). Viewers' attitudes toward nontraditionalism and homosexuality were assessed before and after viewing their respective film. Treatment and control groups significantly differed in their attitudes toward nontraditionalism, but did not significantly differ in their attitudes toward homosexuals after viewing their respective films. However, the treatment group experienced more favorable attitudes toward homosexuals than the control group after viewing the film. Gender differences were also observed. Men were less tolerant of homosexuals and held fewer nontraditional beliefs about the family than women. Implications and discussion follow.
Answer to first reply to "Delayed surgery in displaced paediatric supracondylar fractures: a safe approach? Results from a large UK tertiary paediatric trauma centre".

We thank Mr Huntley for his careful review of our paper and the associated literature. We acknowledge his concern regarding the low rates of well-documented pre-operative neurological examinations within this cohort, and too his concern regarding the high rate of iatrogenic nerve injury. We recognise that both of these factors are a cause for concern and that high iatrogenic injury may be erroneously attributed as a result of poor recognition of pre-operative nerve injury. The ‘test’ of neurological documentation was set deliberately high in the original paper investigating neurovascular documentation [1]—that is, we required documentation of individual nerves in terms of sensory and motor function, such as is required for medicolegal purposes. The reality is that most pre-operative documentation was probably of similar quality to other units (i.e. a mere statement of ‘neurovascualarly intact’). Indeed, we are aware that your group has demonstrated similar problems with neurovascular documentation, particularly with the anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) [2]. In our case series, 9.5 % (19/137) of patients had pre-operative neurovascular deficit identified at presentation. We acknowledge there were several cases with incomplete documentation preoperatively that may have contributed to the high iatrogenic nerve rates. We have now implemented an assessment proforma to help facilitate accurate and detailed pre-operative neurovascular assessment and documentation, and detailed documentation has now increased from 8.8 % (12/137) to 81.6 % (31/38). We also acknowledge your comment that an absence of evidence does not equate to evidence of absence. Retrospective observational data, such as this, has intrinsic error, which limits the utility and generalisability of the findings. We agree that definitive evidence to support delaying supracondylar surgery must come from either a welldesigned prospective observational cohort study, or an interventional study. We hope our paper adds to the growing discussion within the literature and encourages greater collaboration amongst children’s orthopaedic surgeons to address this, and other fundamental questions of paediatric orthopaedics.
Transformation of ultraviolet-irradiated human fibroblasts by simian virus 40 is enhanced by cellular DNA repair functions

Human fibroblasts irradiated with ultraviolet light were either tested for survival (colony formation) or infected with simian virus 40 and examined for transformation (foci formation). For normal cell cultures, the fractions of surviving colonies which were also transformed increased with increasing irradiation dose. In contrast, little increase in the transformation of ultraviolet-irradiated repair-deficient (xeroderma pigmentosum and xeroderma pigmentosum variant) cells was observed. Similar experiments with xeroderma pigmentosum variant cells treated with caffeine following irradiation indicated that, under these conditions, the deficient cells produced more transformants among the survivors of ultraviolet irradiation than did unirradiated cells. These results suggest (1) that DNA repair functions, not DNA damage per se, are required for enhanced viral transformation in normal cells; (2) that functions involved in excision repair and functions needed for replication of ultraviolet-damaged DNA appear necessary for this stimulation; and (3) that blocking DNA replication in ultraviolet-irradiated xeroderma pigmentosum variant cells by caffeine enhances viral transformation.
Genetic variability of human plasma and erythrocyte lipids

Genetic variation of fasting plasma lipids, lipoproteins and erythrocyte membrane lipids was studied in 67 sets of like-sexed twins and 3 sets of triplets. All of the plasma lipids were more variable in dizygotic twins than monozygotic twins with the exception of phosphatidyl ethanolamine, but only cholesteryl esters, lecithin, phosphatidyl inositol and β-lipoprotein showed significant genetic variation. In contrast, no significant genetic variability was found in any of the erythrocyte membrane lipids and erythrocyte phosphatidyl ethanolamine had significantly greater variation in monozygotic twins. Two sets of twins had an extra lipoprotein band (slow α1); in one family the variant appeared to be segregating as a dominant trait.
Parts of the Whole: Strategies for the Spread of Quantitative Literacy: What Models Can Tell Us

Two conceptual frameworks, one from graph theory and one from dynamical systems, have been offered as explanations for complex phenomena in biology and also as possible models for the spread of ideas. The two models are based on different assumptions and thus predict quite different outcomes for the fate of either biological species or ideas. We argue that, depending on the culture in which they exist, one can identify which model is more likely to reflect the survival of two competing ideas. Based on this argument we suggest how two strategies for embedding and normalizing quantitative literacy in a given institution are likely to succeed or fail.
A triple product theorem for hypergeometric series

The product of three hypergeometric series of type ${}_0 F_1 $ with arguments x, $\omega x$, $\omega ^2 x$ ($\omega = $third root of unity) is expressed as a single hypergeometric series of type ${}_2 F_7 $. The proof uses differential equations; the basic idea (elimination of irreducible terms by means of the Cayley-Hamilton theorem) is more generally applicable.
On the Nature of Phonological Development

Spelling errors of 45 elementary school children were analyzed for phonological process patterns. A considerable proportion of errors involved both syllabic reduction and feature changes similar to those seen in normal speech development. Results are discussed with respect to application of phonological constructs to the study of development of speech production. An alternative psychological model of development is proposed in outline.
Resonance transitions in the Mg i and Ar i isoelectronic sequences from Cu to Mo

New measurements for the transitions 3s2 S10-3s3p1 P31∘ in the Mg i isoelectronic sequence and for 3s23p6 S10-3s23p53d P11∘ and D31∘ in the Ar i sequence are given for most of the elements from Cu to Mo. These measurements are compared with uniformly scaled relativistic Hartree–Fock calculations, and the wavelength differences are fit to a continuous function from which new smoothed values are derived with an estimated uncertainty of ±0.005 A.
The Extent of Separation: Applications to Multistage Systems

Abstract The fundamental equations for calculating the extent of separation are given for countercurrent multistage systems operated at either zero reflux, partial reflux, or total reflux. With the component distribution coefficients assumed constant, simple expressions for the maximum extent of separation are derived. The calculations clearly show how multistaging and reflux influence component separation.
An Evaluation of Strategies for Training Staff to Implement the Picture Exchange Communication System.

Abstract The picture exchange communication system (PECS) is a functional communication system frequently used with individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders who experience severe language delays ( Frost & Bondy, 2002 ). Few empirical investigations have evaluated strategies for training direct care staff how to effectively implement PECS with clients. Using a multiple probe design, the current investigation evaluated staff training procedures for teaching three direct care staff to implement phases 1–3 of PECS for 3 adults with autism. Training with verbal instructions and an instructional video resulted in little improvement from pretest scores, underscoring the limited utility of workshops and instructional videos alone in teaching paraprofessional staff important clinical skills.
Sulfur dioxide in the North American Arctic

Determinations of atmospheric sulfur dioxide were made across the North American Aretic using gas chromatography with a detection limit of 25 parts per trillion by volume and a precision of 25% or better. The vertical distribution of sulfur dioxide in the Arctic atmosphere in April, 1986 was highly variable, with concentrations ranging from the detection limit to 15 parts-per-billion by volume (ppbv). While SO2 exceeded 10 ppbv in an exceptional haze layer in the Alaskan Arctic, sulfur dioxide was sometimes in the 1 – 5 ppbv range when the haze was absent. This was particularly true for the Canadian Arctic in the vicinity of Alert. In the lower stratosphere over Ellesmere Island, sulfur dioxide was 0.85 ppbv.
Photoswitch-Controlled Class E RF Power Amplifier

Class E amplifier theoretical efficiency is 100%, but the practical results at 10 GHz are much lower. In this paper, we propose a Class E amplifier that uses a photoswitch as active device instead of a transistor. The photoswitch opening and closing is controlled by light pulses. We used Silvaco software to do simulations of such an amplifier. Using this design, our best simulated efficiency at 10 GHz is 62.5%.
Forensic analysis methodology for thermal and chemical characterization of homemade explosives

Abstract Forensic identification of homemade explosives is critical for determining the origin of the explosive materials and precursors, and formulation procedures. Normally, the forensic examination of the pre- and post-blast physical evidence lacks specificity for homemade-explosive identification. The focus of this investigation was to use a novel measurement technique, referred to as the laser-driven thermal reactor, to obtain the thermal/chemical signatures of homemade-explosive precursor materials. Specifically, nitromethane and ammonium nitrate were studied under a variety of operating conditions and protocols. Results indicated that liquid-fuel saturation of the internal pores of a solid particle oxidizer appear to be a limiting parameter for the total specific heat release during exothermic processes. Results also indicated that the thermal signatures of these materials are dependent on sample mass and heating rate, for which this dependency may not be detectable by other commercially available thermal analysis techniques. This study has demonstrated that the laser-driven thermal reactor can be a useful diagnostic tool for characterizing the thermal and chemical behavior of trace amounts of homemade-explosive materials.
Behavioral responses of infant rats to maternal licking: Variations with age and sex

Behavioral interactions of Norway rat pups and their dams during maternal anogenital licking (AGL) were observed. Regulatities in posture and orientation that may facilitate AGL were noted, and age-related changes in the pup's postural adjustments that may contribute to the decline of AGL in the 3rd postpartum week were described. It was found that cutaneous stimulation of the perineum, such as that provided by AGL, stimulates a characteristic leg extension response from pups. It was concluded that this response, which includes immobility and extenstion of all limbs, may permit maternal licking to continue long enough to stimulate the pup to eliminate and to allow the dam to ingest the urine. Males and females were found to exhibit similar responses and similar age-related changes. However, the latency from onset of AGL to performance of the leg extension response was shorter in males.
Profiling of phospholipids and related lipid structures using multidimensional ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry

Abstract Increasingly comprehensive questions related to the biosynthesis of lipids relevant to understanding new signaling pathways have created daunting tasks for their chemical analysis. Here, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and mass spectrometry (MS) techniques combined with electrospray ionization have been used to examine mixtures of closely related lipid structures. The drift time distributions of sphingomyelins show baseline separations for ethylene chain length differences (Δ ∼ 1.2 ms) and partial separations in single unsaturation differences (Δ ∼ 0.3 ms) revealing that the most compact structures are observed with shorter chains and increasing unsaturation. Drift time distributions of different ionizations frequently fall into families with the same drift times (isodrifts) indicating that the ion attached to the lipid has little structural influence. The present data show that phospholipids, especially phosphatidylinositol, aggregate to form inverted micelles. Phospholipids (phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, and phosphatidylinositol) are effectively separated according to their polar head groups. This method also provides information about the mixture composition of the chemically different lipids N-palmitoyl glycine, N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide, and phosphatidylcholine existing over an array of charge states and sizes (inverted micelles) depending on mixture concentration. Multidimensional IMS3-MS introduces an additional dimension to fragmentation analysis by separating the fragmented ions into groups related to size, shape and charge and allows determination of sn-1 and sn-2 substitution as is shown for phosphatidylglycerols. This contribution provides evidence for extending the targeted approach to global lipidomics analysis using the high-efficiency gas-phase separation afforded by multidimensional IMS-MS.
Population genetics and a study of speciation using next-generation sequencing: an educational primer for use with "Patterns of transcriptome divergence in the male accessory gland of two closely related species of field crickets".

Understanding evidence for the genetic basis of reproductive isolation is imperative for supporting students’ understanding of mechanisms of speciation in courses such as Genetics and Evolutionary Biology. An article by Andres et al. in the February 2013 issue of GENETICS illustrates how advances in DNA sequencing are accelerating studies of population genetics in species with limited genetic and genomic resources. Andres et al. use the latest sequencing technologies to systematically identify and characterize sites in the DNA that vary within, and have diverged between, species to explore speciation in crickets. This primer, coupled with that article, will help instructors introduce and reinforce important concepts in genetics and evolution while simultaneously introducing modern methodology in the undergraduate classroom. Related article in GENETICS : Andres, J. A., E. L. Larson, S. M. Bogdanowicz, and R. G. Harrison, 2013 Patterns of transcriptome divergence in the male accessory gland of two closely related species of field crickets. Genetics 193: 501–513.
Nonoccupationally induced allergy to monkey

Background A previous study described 2 patients with occupationally induced asthma caused by exposure to monkey. We describe a patient who developed asthma, rhinitis, and conjunctivitis owing to sensitivity to a pet monkey. The patient had a long history of upper and lower allergic airway disease. When 2 pet macaque monkeys were introduced into the home, the patient noticed increasing coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. During a particularly long exposure to the monkey in a car, the patient developed severe wheezing, rhinitis, and conjunctival edema. Objective To demonstrate that a nonoccupational exposure to monkey can lead to allergic sensitivity. Methods Commercially obtained macaque monkey hair was defatted in acetone and extracted. A total of 5 μg/mL of extract protein was adsorbed onto microtiter plates, and an alkaline phosphatase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed on serum samples from 4 individuals: 2 controls, 1 individual with suspected sensitivity, and the patient. A positive result was an optical density greater than twice that of the control. Results The patient's serum had an optical density greater than twice that of the control. The antibody levels of 2 control subjects—the patient's wife and one of the investigators—were elevated but not positive. The investigator had manifested asthma after exposure. Conclusions This is the first report of sensitivity to monkey occurring in a nonoccupational setting.
Clinical spectrum and prognosis of follicular lymphoma with blastoid transformation: case series and a review of the literature.

Follicular lymphoma (FL) with blastoid transformation (FL-BT) is a rare entity. FL-BT has a dismal prognosis due to intrinsic biological characteristics, lack of evidence-based therapeutic guidelines, and exclusion from clinical trials. In order to understand the natural course of the disease and reconcile treatment strategies in patients with FL-BT, we reviewed available data. Thirty patients were identified, three from our institution (Roswell Park Cancer Institute) and 27 patients from peer-reviewed literature. Demographic, clinical, treatment, pathological, and cytogenetic characteristics were described. Most of the patients (90%) were treated with chemotherapy at transformation. Complete and partial responses to treatment were observed in 38.9% and 22.3% of the patients, respectively. The median overall survival for the entire group of patients was 11 months (range 0.8–30 months); half of the patients were found to have concurrent genetic alterations in the BCL-2 and C-MYC gene rearrangements (double hit). FL-BT with a double hit had a shorter median overall survival when compared to nondouble hit FL-BT (7 months vs. 26 months, respectively, P = 0.005). In our experience, FL-BT is a rare and grave clonal evolution in FL characterized by an aggressive clinical course, inferior response to standard chemoimmunotherapy, and poor clinical outcome. C-MYC rearrangements are common in FL-BT and may play a role in the progression from FL to FL-BT or the poor clinical outcomes observed. Periodic updates from academic institutions treating FL-BT may improve patient care.
Anomalous high ionic conductivity of nanoporous β-Li3PS4

Lithium-ion-conducting solid electrolytes hold promise for enabling high-energy battery chemistries and circumventing safety issues of conventional lithium batteries. Achieving the combination of high ionic conductivity and a broad electrochemical window in solid electrolytes is a grand challenge for the synthesis of battery materials. Herein we show an enhancement of the room-temperature lithium-ion conductivity by 3 orders of magnitude through the creation of nanostructured Li3PS4. This material has a wide electrochemical window (5 V) and superior chemical stability against lithium metal. The nanoporous structure of Li3PS4 reconciles two vital effects that enhance the ionic conductivity: (1) the reduction of the dimensions to a nanometer-sized framework stabilizes the high-conduction β phase that occurs at elevated temperatures, and (2) the high surface-to-bulk ratio of nanoporous β-Li3PS4 promotes surface conduction. Manipulating the ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes has far-reaching implication...
Intermale and maternal aggression in adult rats tested at different ages

In Experiment 1, rat colonies consisting of two males and one female were established when the animals were either 100, 200, or 300 days old. All colony members were reared from weaning in small, stable isosexual groups prior to colony formation. Males that were 200 days old engaged in significantly more fighting at colony formation, and, three weeks later, were more likely to wound an intruder during a 24 hr aggression test than either younger or older animals. These findings demonstrate that colony aggression in male rats varies markedly as a function of age when reared under housing conditions that are employed in most laboratories. In Experiment 2, colony females were individually housed after their second pregnancy and their response to a male intruder was evaluated for a 24 hr period after nine days of lactation. Maternal aggression occurred at all ages, indicating that age may be of lesser importance in nest defense of females than intermale conflict. However, maternal aggression was ineffective in preventing the destruction of a high proportion of the litters by intruders in the three maternal age groups.
Observations with self-embedded sentences

The Miller-Isard hypothesis that people attempt to process multiply self-embedded sentences as recursively interrupted sub-routines was critically examined. Results of a sentence comprehension test showed that Ss perceive such sentences as ungrammatical approximations to sentences with one embedding rather than as multiply embedded structures. The Miller-Isard hypothesis appeared irrelevant to the actual processing performance of the naive Ss.
Herbivores influence the growth, reproduction, and morphology of a widespread Arctic willow.

Shrubs have expanded in Arctic ecosystems over the past century, resulting in significant changes to albedo, ecosystem function, and plant community composition. Willow and rock ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus, L. muta) and moose (Alces alces) extensively browse Arctic shrubs, and may influence their architecture, growth, and reproduction. Furthermore, these herbivores may alter forage plants in such a way as to increase the quantity and accessibility of their own food source. We estimated the effect of winter browsing by ptarmigan and moose on an abundant, early-successional willow (Salix alaxensis) in northern Alaska by comparing browsed to unbrowsed branches. Ptarmigan browsed 82–89% of willows and removed 30–39% of buds, depending on study area and year. Moose browsed 17–44% of willows and browsed 39–55% of shoots. Browsing inhibited apical dominance and activated axillary and adventitious buds to produce new vegetative shoots. Ptarmigan- and moose-browsed willow branches produced twice the volume of shoot growth but significantly fewer catkins the following summer compared with unbrowsed willow branches. Shoots on browsed willows were larger and produced 40–60% more buds compared to unbrowsed shoots. This process of shoot production at basal parts of the branch is the mechanism by which willows develop a highly complex “broomed” architecture after several years of browsing. Broomed willows were shorter and more likely to be re-browsed by ptarmigan, but not moose. Ptarmigan likely benefit from the greater quantity and accessibility of buds on previously browsed willows and may increase the carrying capacity of their own habitat. Despite the observed tolerance of willows to browsing, their vertical growth and reproduction were strongly inhibited by moose and ptarmigan. Browsing by these herbivores therefore needs to be considered in future models of shrub expansion in the Arctic.