cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low-Cost Magneto-Optic Sensor Based on Tapered Fiber and Distributed Sensing Concept

In this letter, we present a magnetic field sensor with a noise equivalent field of 500 nT based on a tapered fiber in a magnetic fluid (Fe3O4 nanoparticles dispersed in the deionized water). This sensitivity, which is three orders of magnitude better than the previously demonstrated tapered sensors, is achieved by biasing the fluid material with a ≈1-mT magnetic field. In addition, application of an optical modulator and an auto-balanced synchronized detector increased the sensor output signal-to-noise ratio significantly. Furthermore, a novel method is presented to employ the proposed sensor in a distributed scheme.
THE N-P FSI ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION IN DEUTERON BREAKUP AT 45 MeV

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the N–P Final State Interaction (FSI) angular distribution in deuteron breakup at 45 MeV. An experiment described in the chapter was performed to provide an FSI angular distribution at energy higher than previously available. The experiment was performed with the NRL Sector Focusing Cyclotron using standard coincidence electronics for kinematically complete experiments. The chapter presents a comparison of the data with the results of calculations using several S-wave separable potentials tailored to test for sensitivity to off-shell and on-shell effects. These potentials have been described previously. The potentials have two different form factors A and B: A has off-shell behavior similar to that of the Reid soft core potential while B has off-shell behavior resembling the softer Yamaguchi. The potentials fit two different sets of phase shifts: set 1 corresponds nearly to experimental p–p 90° cross sections and set 2 corresponds to cross sections less than the p–p experimental values at energies above 10 MeV. The results, when put in the context of previous experiments and calculations, emphasize that there are still some basic factors not being considered in deuteron breakup calculations.
Further Progress on the GM-MDS Conjecture for Reed-Solomon Codes

Designing good error correcting codes whose generator matrix has a support constraint, i.e., one for which only certain entries of the generator matrix are allowed to be nonzero, has found many recent applications, including in distributed coding and storage, multiple access networks, and weakly secure data exchange. The dual problem, where the parity check matrix has a support constraint, comes up in the design of locally repairable codes. The central problem here is to design codes with the largest possible minimum distance, subject to the given support constraint on the generator matrix. An upper bound on the minimum distance can be obtained through a set of singleton bounds, which can be alternatively thought of as a cut-set bound. Furthermore, it is well known that, if the field size is large enough, any random generator matrix obeying the support constraint will achieve the maximum minimum distance with high probability. Since random codes are not easy to decode, structured codes with efficient decoders, e.g., Reed-Solomon codes, are much more desirable. The GM-MDS conjecture of Dau et al states that the maximum minimum distance over all codes satisfying the generator matrix support constraint can be obtained by a Reed Solomon code. If true, this would have significant consequences. The conjecture has been proven for several special case: when the dimension of the code k is less than or equal to five, when the number of distinct support sets on the rows of the generator matrix m, say, is less than or equal to three, or when the generator matrix is sparsest and balanced. In this paper, we report on further progress on the GM-MDS conjecture. 1. In particular, we show that the conjecture is true for all m less than equal to six. This generalizes all previous known results (except for the sparsest and balanced case, which is a very special support constraint).
Interfaces in Spectral Asymptotics and Nodal Sets

This is a survey of results obtained jointly with Boris Hanin and Peng Zhou on interfaces in spectral asymptotics, both for Schrodinger operators on \(L^2(\mathbb {R}^d)\) and for Toeplitz Hamiltonians acting on holomorphic sections of ample line bundles L → M over Kahler manifolds (M, ω). By an interface is meant a hypersurface, either in physical space \(\mathbb {R}^d\) or in phase space, separating an allowed region where spectral asymptotics are standard and a forbidden region where they are non-standard. The main question is to give the detailed transition between the two types of asymptotics across the hypersurface (i.e. interface). In the real Schrodinger setting, the asymptotics are of Airy type; in the Kahler setting they are of Erf (Gaussian error function) type.
Generation and Characterization of Chaotic Convection in Collisional Plasma

Turbulence in the plasma sheath around reentry vehicles is known to contribute to radio-communications blackout, but a practical laboratory model of that extreme environment remains elusive. Herein, we present a table-top plasma system with sustained, chaotic convection for that purpose. Strong sound waves exert acoustic radiation pressure on gradients within the plasma and are shown to drive sufficient convection to cause abrupt and chaotic variation in the plasma properties. The volume-averaged plasma conductivity and collision time are determined in real time by phase-sensitive detection of a microwave probe signal. The experiment provides unique opportunities to study transmission into plasma conditions that can inform detailed models of high-temperature turbulent flows.
Blood rheology changes and disturbances in microcirculation

Authors studied modifications of the red blood cells arteriolar velocity (RBcA V) in the conjunctival capillary network in diabetic subjects with alterations of red blood cell (RBc) aggregation and of whole blood viscosity (WBV). WBV, RBc aggregation and RBcA V were studied in diabetics with foot ulceration, with healed ulcer, and in controls. RBcAV, RBc aggregation and WBV resulted statistically different between diabetics with and without plantar perforation, and between diabetics and controls. A significant reduction (p< 0.05) of RBcAV was found in patients with foot perforation compared to diabetic subjects with recovered foot ulcer, and in the group of diabetic patients as a whole (p< 0.05) compared with controls. In a similar way we found a significant increase (p<0.05) of the erythrocyte aggregation, fibrinogen, and WBV in diabetics with ulcer compared with those without this complication and in diabetic patients (p<0.05) considered altogether compared with controls. A reduction of RBcAV was found associated with an increase of Rbc aggregation and WBV in diabetic patients. A decreased arteriolar diameter was found in diabetic patients in comparison with control subjects.We conclude that modifications of RBC aggregation, fibrinogen,and WBV occur in diabetic ulcer patients.These modifications are associated in diabetic patients with arteriolar flow modifications,and can be documented in the conjuctival microcirculation.
SLP-76 couples Syk to the osteoclast cytoskeleton

The capacity of the osteoclast (OC) to resorb bone is dictated by cytoskeletal organization, which in turn emanates from signals derived from the alpha(v)beta(3) integrin and c-Fms. Syk is key to these signals and, in other cells, this tyrosine kinase exerts its effects via intermediaries including the SLP adaptors, SLP-76 and BLNK (B cell linker). Thus, we asked whether these two SLP proteins regulate OC function. We find BLNK-deficient OCs are normal, whereas cytoskeletal organization of those lacking SLP-76 is delayed, thus modestly reducing bone resorption in vitro. Cytoskeletal organization and bone resorption are more profoundly arrested in cultured OCs deficient in BLNK and SLP-76 double knockout (DKO) phenotypes. In contrast, stimulated bone resorption in vivo is inhibited approximately 40% in either SLP-76(-/-) or DKO mice. This observation, taken with the fact that DKO OCs are rescued by retroviral transduction of only SLP-76, indicates that SLP-76 is the dominant SLP family member in the resorptive process. We also find SLP-76 is phosphorylated in a Syk-dependent manner. Furthermore, in the absence of the adaptor protein, integrin-mediated phosphorylation of Vav3, the OC cytoskeleton-organizing guanine nucleotide exchange factor, is abrogated. In keeping with a central role of SLP-76/Vav3 association in osteoclastic resorption, retroviral transduction of SLP-76, in which the Vav binding site is disrupted (3YF), fails to normalize the cytoskeleton of DKO OCs and the resorptive capacity of the cells. Finally, c-Fms-activated Syk also exerts its OC cytoskeleton-organizing effect in a SLP-76/Vav3-dependent manner.
Robust extraction of low contrast edges using clustering-based segmentation and refinement

This paper further explores the concept of line-support regions for extracting edges from low contrast images. The current method obtains the support regions by using clustering-based segmentation and refines the support regions by using split and merge techniques. Alternative methods for fitting line to cluster are presented.
OCCURRENCE OF CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE IN INFECTIONS OF MAN

Smith, Louis DS. (Montana State College, Bozeman) and Elizabeth O. King. Occurrence of Clostridium difficile in infections of man. J. Bacteriol. 84:65-67. 1962-Eight strains of Clostridium difficile were isolated from cases of infection in man in seven different bacteriological laboratories. One of these was isolated from a case of gas gangrene, one from an abscess following a fractured femur, one from a blood culture from an infant, two from pleural fluid, two from peritoneal fluid, and one from an abscess in the vaginal vault. There was no evidence, in these cases, that C. difficile is pathogenic for man. All strains were typical morphologically and culturally and were lethal when inoculated intramuscularly into guinea pigs.
The nurse specialist and practical issues in the care of pulmonary arterial hypertension patients

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains a devastating disease. All current medical therapy is expensive, complex and largely palliative. The management of PAH patients requires co-ordination between the patient, their support system, third party payers and healthcare professionals. The nurse specialist serves to organise these entities, balancing the needs of the patient and the PAH programme. The care of the PAH patient requires equal attention to avoiding potentially harmful procedures and medications, maximising conventional therapy and utilisation of new PAH-specific medical treatment.
Advanced concepts for telemetry data systems

The Consultative Committee for Space Data Standards (CCSDS) has defined Advanced Orbiting System (AOS) standards for the overall architectural framework of future packet telemetry systems. The standards encompass a CCSDS principal network covering the onboard space-link and ground systems, and furnishes an asynchronous (telemetry/internetworking) and isochronous (audio and video) data-transport services employing CCSDS packets and virtual channels. Attention is given to changes envisioned in ground telemetry processing systems currently in use, as well as to the application of CCSDS standards to future systems.
High Performance Distributed Object Systems

This paper will provide a survey of current work on object oriented tools and techniques for metacomputing systems. More specifically, we consider the problem of designing a software component architecture that extends the current emerging desktop object composition models to the domain of high performance networks and massively parallel compute servers.
Measuring run-up on a natural beach

Field experiments have been performed to evaluate and intercompare two techniques for measuring run-up on natural beaches, resistance wires and films. Simultaneous deployment of wire sensors shows a low error (< 5%) in electronics gain, but a strong sensitivity to the elevation of the wires above the beach face. On a low slope (β ∼ 0.02) beach, with incident wind waves of moderate height (H ∼ 1 m), differences of only a few cm in the wire elevation cause variance differences as large as 25%, in otherwise identical sensors. Replicate digitizations of the same run-up film show variance differences as large as 20%, with an average deviation from the mean variance of 8%. Use of the film and resistance wire sensors on the same run-up field showed small differences in the mean swash elevation (i.e., set-up), but an 83% difference in swash variance. Much further work is needed to determine the dependence of sensor differences on beach slope, porosity, camera elevation and other factors.
Dyadic contrast function for RF tomography: Preliminary results

A dyadic contrast function for Radio Frequency Tomography is developed. The goal of such contrast function is to allow the reconstruction of the orientation in a three-dimensional space of thin-elongated metallic scatterers. This is accomplished by modeling the scatterer with a dyadic matrix. An intuitive visual representation of the target is obtained performing the eigen-decomposition of such dyadic matrix. Numerical results to validate the approach are presented.
Temporal Interpretation in Mandarin Chinese

This article presents an account of temporal understanding in Mandarin Chinese. Aspectual, lexical, and adverbial information and pragmatic principles all contribute to the interpretation of temporal location. Aspectual viewpoint and situation type give information in the absence of explicit temporal forms. The main, default pattern of interpretation is deictic. The pragmatic principles are the bounded event constraint, the simplicity principle of interpretation, and the temporal schema principle. Lexical and adverbial information can lead to non-default interpretations. Two other temporal patterns — narrative dynamism and anaphora — appear in text passages that realize the “discourse modes” of narrative and description.
Moment analysis method as applied to the 2S --> 2P transition in cryogenic alkali metal/rare gas matrices.

The moment analysis method (MA) has been tested for the case of 2 S → 2 P ([core]ns 1 → [core]np 1 ) transitions of alkali metal atoms (M) doped into cryogenic rare gas (Rg) matrices using theoretically validated simulations. Theoretical/computational M/Rg system models are constructed with precisely defined parameters that closely mimic known M/Rg systems. Monte Carlo (MC) techniques are then employed to generate simulated absorption and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra of the 2 S → 2 P M/Rg transition to which the MA method can be applied with the goal of seeing how effective the MA method is in re-extracting the M/Rg system parameters from these known simulated systems. The MA method is summarized in general, and an assessment is made of the use of the MA method in the rigid shift approximation typically used to evaluate M/Rg systems. The MC-MCD simulation technique is summarized, and validating evidence is presented. The simulation results and the assumptions used in applying MA to M/Rg systems are evaluated. The simulation results on Na/Ar demonstrate that the MA method does successfully re-extract the 2 P spin-orbit coupling constant and Lande g-factor values initially used to build the simulations. However, assigning physical significance to the cubic and noncubic Jahn-Teller (JT) vibrational mode parameters in cryogenic M/Rg systems is not supported.
Interpretation of Short-Term Solar Variability Effects in the Troposphere

Among possible external forcing agents for tropospheric response to solar variability, the variation of MeV-GeV particle fluxes, resulting in changes in stratosphere-troposphere ionization and electric fields, is a plausible candidate. The MeV-GeV particle hypothesis fits reported correlations of geopotential heights, temperatures and vorticity area index (VAT) on the one hand with solar proton events, high-speed solar wind plasma streams, magnetic storms and Forbush decreases of galactic cosmic rays on the other hand. Both solar wind magnetic structures and changes in the terrestrial magnetosphere modulate the incoming particle fluxes. The day-to-day correlations are strongest in winter.Mechanisms linking MeV-GeV flux changes with tropospheric changes are speculative. Among a number of processes to be investigated, one not previously considered involves the electrofreezing of supercooled water droplets in high clouds of cyclones; their growth by the Wegener-Bergeron instability; sedimentation to lower level supercooled clouds where they enhance freezing and latent heat release; the intensification of convection; and in warm core winter cyclones the extraction of energy from the baroclinic instability to further intensify the cyclone; leading to changes in the general circulation. On a longer time scale changes in water/ice ratio in cirrus may lead to changes in cloud radiative forcing and also to changes in the general circulation.
Biochemical and structural evaluation of highly selective 2-arylbenzoxazole-based transthyretin amyloidogenesis inhibitors

To develop potent transthyretin (TTR) amyloidogenesis inhibitors that also display high binding selectivity in blood, it proves useful to systematically optimize each of the three substructural elements that comprise a typical inhibitor: the two aryl rings and the linker joining them. In the first study, described herein, structural modifications to one aryl ring were evaluated by screening a library of 2-arylbenzoxazoles bearing thyroid hormone-like aryl substituents on the 2-aryl ring. Several potent and highly selective amyloidogenesis inhibitors were identified that exhibit minimal thyroid hormone nuclear receptor and COX-1 binding. High resolution crystal structures (1.3-1.5 A) of three inhibitors (2f, 4f, and 4d) in complex with TTR were obtained to characterize their binding orientation. Collectively, the results demonstrate that thyroid hormone-like substitution patterns on one aryl ring lead to potent and highly selective TTR amyloidogenesis inhibitors that lack undesirable thyroid hormone receptor or COX-1 binding.
Critical factors in the design of a service delivery system for students-in-transition with severe disabilities

Abstract Although there has been tremendous growth in secondary school programs for students with severe disabilities, many of these students continue to “graduate” or “age out” without adequate preparation for community-integrated employment and increased independent living in the community. Competitive employment and independence will remain an illusion for many students with severe disabilities unless there is strong commitment by the public and private sectors to the development of post-secondary options and the establishment of effective processes to coordinate and integrate services and programs. The purpose of this article is to present some of the critical factors in the organization and delivery of services and programs for students-in-transition with severe to profound mental retardation. First, the extent of need for transition services and programs is briefly reviewed. Second, a framework for transition case management in Philadelphia is described. And last, three interrelated factors — communications, capability, and disposition — contributing to successful planned intervention are examined in relation to Philadelphia's initiative in establishing a service delivery system for students-in-transition with severe to profound mental retardation.
The Role of Employee Performance and Learning Effort in Determining Empowering Managerial Practice

Employee empowerment has long been a popular concept among scholars and practitioners alike. Touting its potential benefits, empowerment has even served as an underlying theme in many recent public...
Observation of dynamical localization in microdisk lasers with rough boundary

We observe dynamical localization in semiconductor microdisks with rough boundary. Scattering effect is strongly suppressed by dynamical Anderson localization. Near-field images of laser emission reveal that the lasing mode is localized near the disk edge
Partial orders on words, minimal elements of regular languages, and state complexity

Abstract The classical partial orders on strings (prefix, suffix, subsegment, subsequence, lexical, and dictionary order) can be generalized to the case where the alphabet itself has a partial order. This was done by Higman for the subsequence order, and by Kundu for the prefix order. Higman proved that for any language L , the set MIN( L ) of minimal elements in L with respect to the generalized subsequence order is finite. Kundu proved that for any regular language L , the set MIN( L ) of minimal elements in L with respect to the generalized prefix order is also regular. Here we extend his result to the other orders and give upper bounds for the number of states of the finite automata recognizing MIN( L ). The main contribution of this paper, however, is the proof of lower bounds . The upper bounds are shown to be tight; in particular, if L is recognized by a deterministic finite automaton with n states then any deterministic (or even nondeterministic ) finite automaton recognizing MIN( L ) needs exponentially many states in n ; here, MIN is taken with respect to a generalized prefix, suffix, or subsegment order (with a partially ordered alphabet of 4 letters, whose Hasse diagram contains just one edge) or with respect to the ordinary subsequence order. We also give a new proof of a theorem of Sakoda and Sipser about the complementation of nondeterministic finite automata.
Comparison of the crossed and the Gregorian Mizuguchi-Dragone for wide-field millimeter-wave astronomy

We compare the geometric and physical-optics performance of two configurations of offset dual-reflector antennas that obey the Mizuguchi-Dragone condition. The traditional Gregorian configuration is compared with the larger crossed configuration. These configurations are candidates for experiments that measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background. Particular attention is given to wide-field performance and polarization fidelity. Both a ray tracer and a physical optics simulation package are used to conclude that the crossed configuration has a larger diffraction-limited field of view, but within this limit both configurations have roughly the same instrumental polarization and both show excellent cross-polarization levels, with the crossed configuration showing approximately 10 dB better performance.
Offline analysis of context contribution to ERP-based typing BCI performance

Objective. We aim to increase the symbol rate of electroencephalography (EEG) based brain–computer interface (BCI) typing systems by utilizing context information. Approach. Event related potentials (ERP) corresponding to a stimulus in EEG can be used to detect the intended target of a person for BCI. This paradigm is widely utilized to build letter-by-letter BCI typing systems. Nevertheless currently available BCI typing systems still require improvement due to low typing speeds. This is mainly due to the reliance on multiple repetitions before making a decision to achieve higher typing accuracy. Another possible approach to increase the speed of typing while not significantly reducing the accuracy of typing is to use additional context information. In this paper, we study the effect of using a language model (LM) as additional evidence for intent detection. Bayesian fusion of an n-gram symbol model with EEG features is proposed, and a specifically regularized discriminant analysis ERP discriminant is used to obtain EEG-based features. The target detection accuracies are rigorously evaluated for varying LM orders, as well as the number of ERP-inducing repetitions. Main results. The results demonstrate that the LMs contribute significantly to letter classification accuracy. For instance, we find that a single-trial ERP detection supported by a 4-gram LM may achieve the same performance as using 3-trial ERP classification for the non-initial letters of words. Significance. Overall, the fusion of evidence from EEG and LMs yields a significant opportunity to increase the symbol rate of a BCI typing system.
Frequency-domain equalization for coherent optical transmission systems

Frequency-domain equalization (FDE) has been attracting much attention for high-speed long-haul transmission over fiber-optic channels. Two FDE configurations for coherent optical transmission are presented and some applications are also described.
Impacts of molt-inhibiting organochlorine compounds on epidermal ecdysteroid signaling in the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator, in vitro.

Abstract Because of their chemical stability and lipophilicity, many organochlorine compounds (OCs) can readily accumulate in fatty tissues of crustaceans. Several OCs have been reported to inhibit crustacean molting. To determine whether the disruption of crustacean molting by these OCs involves interference with ecdysteroid signaling in the epidermis, the impacts of five molt-inhibiting OCs on the level of N -acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAG, EC 3.2.1.30) mRNA in cultured epidermal tissues from the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator , were investigated using quantitative real-time PCR. The NAG mRNA was found to be inducible by 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE) in cultured epidermal tissues. The inducibility of NAG mRNA in cultured epidermal tissues by 20-HE is not only further direct evidence that epidermal expression of NAG gene in U. pugilator is controlled by the molting hormone but also validates the use of the NAG mRNA as a biomarker for epidermal ecdysteroid signaling. When Aroclor 1242, 2,4,5-trichlorobiphenyl (PCB29), endosulfan or kepone was administered alone, the expression of NAG gene in cultured epidermal tissues was upregulated, while heptachlor had no effects. Under binary exposure to both 20-HE and an OC, a condition similar to the natural hormonal milieu of epidermal tissues of animals impacted by OCs, both Aroclor 1242 and endosulfan were found to be capable of antagonizing ecdysteroid signaling in cultured epidermal tissues. This antagonizing effect on epidermal ecdysteroid signaling can at least partly explain the inhibitory effects of these two agents on crustacean molting. PCB29, when given together with 20-HE, produced an additive effect on epidermal ecdysteroid signaling but such an additive effect was not observed when kepone was combined with 20-HE.
4-pregnene-3-one-20β-carboxaldehyde: A potent inhibitor of 17α-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase and of 5α-reductase

The pregnene derivative, 4-pregnene-3-one-20 beta-carboxaldehyde (22-A) was evaluated as an inhibitor of 17 alpha-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase in rat testicular microsomes and of 5 alpha-reductase in human prostatic homogenates. The effect of the compound in vivo was studied in adult male rats. The 22-A demonstrated potent and competitive inhibition of 17 alpha-hydroxylase and C17,20-lyase with Ki values 8.48 and 0.41 microM, respectively, significantly below the Km values for these two enzymes (33.75 and 4.55 microM). This compound also showed potent inhibition of 5 alpha-reductase with a Ki value of 15.6 nM (Km for this enzyme is 50 nM). By comparison, ketoconazole, a currently studied 17 alpha-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase inhibitor for the treatment of prostatic cancer, showed less potent inhibition of 17 alpha-hydroxylase (Ki 39.5 microM) and C17,20-lyase (Ki 3.6 microM) and did not inhibit 5 alpha-reductase. Progesterone which has been reported to inhibit the 17 alpha-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase, did not significantly reduce the production of testosterone by rat testes in vitro in comparison to controls, while the same concentration of 22-A demonstrated a 42% reduction of testosterone biosynthesis. When the adult male rats were injected s.c. with 22-A at 50 mg/day/kg for a 2 week period, the testosterone concentrations in the rat sera were significantly lower than control values (P less than 0.05), whereas serum corticosterone levels did not change. These results suggest that 22-A is a selective potent inhibitor for 17 alpha-hydroxylase and C17,20-lyase, but is more potent for the C17,20-lyase. The compound also inhibits 5 alpha-reductase, and therefore may reduce biosynthesis of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone effectively. Thus, 22-A may be useful in the treatment of problems associated with the androgen excess and prostatic cancer.
Optical setup with high power transmission for creating gratings at the focusing length

A simple optical configuration has been proposed to fabricate surface-relief gratings which are key elements in integrated optical devices. This configuration is simple and easy to align thus enabling precise fabrication of a grating which is near to the wavelength used for machining. The system comparatively requires less alignment in order to get the maximum power transmission efficiency. In this paper we are interfering nanosecond pulses from Nd: VYO4 laser system in the infrared regime. The pulses were made to interfere at the focal plane on a stainless steel sample target to fabricate surface relief gratings. Surface characteristics of the gratings have been studied by scanning electron microscopy and optical microscope. The change in the grating period by a simple modification in setup has been shown in this work. Feasibility of the new configuration with respect to alignments and machining efficiency has been verified by our experimental results.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Early Childhood Mathematics Education

Prior to elementary school, young children engage in surprisingly complex intuitive mathematical thinking; a substantial body of developmental research supports that humans are, literally, born to ...
Role of non-native aromatic and hydrophobic interactions in the folding of hen egg white lysozyme.

The folding kinetics have been determined for hen egg white lysozyme and two mutants in which Trp-62 and Trp-108 have been individually replaced by tyrosine (Tyr-62-lysozyme and Tyr-108-lysozyme, respectively). An earlier study of wild-type lysozyme [Denton, M. E., Rothwarf, D. M., & Scheraga, H. A. (1994) Biochemistry 33, 11225−11236] had indicated that two transient intermediates were formed during the early stages of refolding. Both intermediates were characterized by substantial quenching of tryptophan fluorescence which suggested that, during the refolding process, Trp-62 and/or Trp-108 was involved in a non-native tertiary interaction(s). Both Tyr-108- and Tyr-62-lysozyme fold significantly faster than wild-type lysozyme (7- and 13-fold, respectively). These results indicate that the rate-limiting step in the folding of lysozyme arises not from any inherent slowness in the formation of the native structure but rather as a consequence of the formation of a highly stable intermediate which contains si...
Monocyte-macrophage lineage of giant cell tumor of bone: Establishment of a multinucleated cell line

Method. A new neoplastic cell line, UISO-GCT-1, was established from a giant cell tumor of the right tibia in an 18-year-old man. Immunohistochemical, cytoge-netic, ultrastructural, and growth studies were performed. Results. Multinucleated giant cells (> 4–6 nuclei/ cell) persisted in a culture relatively late in passage (passage 17), which is unique in cell lines of giant cell tumor of bone. Mononuclear and multinucleated cells in mono-layer culture expressed vimentin and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and reacted with monoclonal antibodies to CD13 and CD68, suggesting a monocytic-macro-phage origin of these cells. Mononuclear and multinuclear cells also selectively expressed high molecular weight cell membrane antigens specifically associated with soft tissue sarcomas and osteosarcomas. Karyotypically, UISO-GCT-1 cells were hypodiploid, hypotetra-ploid, and multiploid, with more than 200 chromosomes per mitosis present in some cells. Other chromosomal aberrations observed included ring chromosomes, double minutes, translocations, multiple fragments, and multiradials. Conclusion. Collectively, observations of this study suggest that karyotypically abnormal giant cell tumors of bone arise from a monocyte-macrophage lineage and subsequently express an antigenic profile similar to malignant mesenchymal tumors.
First principles high throughput screening of oxynitrides for water-splitting photocatalysts

In this paper, we present a first principles high throughput screening system to search for new water-splitting photocatalysts. We use the approach to screen through nitrides and oxynitrides. Most of the known photocatalytic materials in the screened chemical space are reproduced. In addition, sixteen new materials are suggested by the screening approach as promising photocatalysts, including three binary nitrides, two ternary oxynitrides and eleven quaternary oxynitrides.
Effect of experimentally applied chlorinated hydrocarbons on the biomass of the fiddler crab, Uca pugnax (Smith)

The population size, structure, and rates of recolonization of fiddler crabs, Uca pugnax (Smith), were investigated in salt marsh plots fertilized with sewage sludge containing chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants. The density of crabs greater than 5 mm in the treated plots was reduced to 47 ± 5 crabs/m2 in a lower dose of fertilizer (LF) and to 16 ± 1 crabs/m2 under a higher dose (HF), compared with 113 ± 10 crabs/m2 in control (C) plots. Juvenile densities (crabs<5 mm) were reduced from 401 ± 71/m2 in the controls to 161 ± 32/m2 in the LF plots and to 107 ± 43/m2 in the HF plots. The fertilizer treatments also resulted in substantial mortality of crabs immigrating into the treated plots. The annual loss to immigrant mortality amounted to 20 g dry weight m−2 in the LF plots and 99 g dry weight m−2 in the HF plots as estimated from rates of recolonization. The mean standing crop of fiddler crabs in untreated areas was 29 g dry weight m−2, a value higher than the biomass of most other salt marsh invertebrates. Contamination with chlorinated hydrocarbons therefore affects a principal component of the salt marsh fauna.
Second Operation after the Failure of Previous Resection for Epilepsy

We present our surgical experience with second operations in 15 patients with recurrent intractable partial seizures after resection for epilepsy. The interval from the first operation until the first recurrence of seizures ranged from 1 day to 7 months (mean, 62 days). The interval between the first and second operations ranged from 3 months to 12 years (mean, 38 months). Detailed video-electroencephalographic interictal and ictal recording was performed in all patients (invasive electrodes were used in 11 patients). Ictal onset was shown to be remote from the zone of previous resection in 3 of 15 cases (all 3 extratemporal and in the ipsilateral hemisphere). Recurrent seizures arose from the area of previous extratemporal resection in 2 of 15 patients, and from the area of previous temporal resection in 10 of 15 patients. Both cases of extratemporal recurrences and 3 of the 10 cases of temporal lobe recurrences in the area of previous resection were associated with residual unresected structural lesion. Of the 10 patients with local temporal recurrence, 6 had proven epileptogenicity in the residual mesial structures, and 4 had residual epileptogenicity in the unresected lateral temporal lobe. The patients have been monitored for 8 to 82 months (mean, 18 months) after the second operation: 7 patients (47%) have remained seizure-free and another 5 (33%) have achieved a reduction in seizure frequency of more than 90%. There was no mortality or significant morbidity in this series. We conclude that the extent and distribution of residual epileptogenicity after failed epilepsy surgery are highly variable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Formation and loss of humic substances during decomposition in a pine forest floor.

Since twice as much C is sequestered in soils as is contained in the atmosphere, the factors controlling the decomposition rate of soil C are important to the assessment of the effects of climatic change. The formation of chemically resistant humic substances might be an important process controlling recycling of CO 2 to the atmosphere. Our objectives were to measure the rate of formation and loss of humic substances during 13 yr of litter decomposition. We placed nets on the floor of a white pine (Pinus strobus) forest to separate each annual layer of litter for 13 yr and measured humic substance concentration using NaOH extraction followed by chromatographic fractionation. The humic acid fraction increased from 2.1% of the C in litterfall to 15.7% after 1 yr. On a grams per square meter (g m -2 ) basis the humic substance fraction increased during the first year and then declined, with a half decay time (t 1/2 ) of 5.1 yr, which was significantly slower than the bulk litter (t 1/2 = 3.9 yr). The carboxylic C concentration estimated from 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) increased in the litter over time, though total mass of carboxylic acid C in the forest floor also declined over the 13-yr period (t 1/2 = 4.6 yr). While humic substances in the forest floor decomposed at a somewhat slower rate than bulk litter during Years 1 to 13, they decomposed much faster than has been calculated from 14 C dating of the refractory fraction of organic matter in the mineral soil.
On Knowledge-Enhanced Document Clustering

Document clustering plays an important role in text analytics by finding natural groupings of documents based on their similarity determined by the words appearing in them. Many of the clustering algorithms accessible through various text analytics tools are completely unsupervised in nature. That is, they are unable to incorporate any domain knowledge that might be available about the documents to improve the clustering accuracy and relevance. The authors present a graph partitioning based semi-supervised document clustering algorithm. The user provides knowledge about few of the documents in the form of "must-link" and "cannot-link" constraints between pairs of documents. A "must-link" constraint between two documents expresses the fact that the user feels that the two corresponding documents must be clustered irrespective of their dissimilarity. Similarly, a "cannot-link" signifies that the two documents should never be clustered together no matter how similar they might happen to be. These constraints are then incorporated into a graph partitioning based into a computationally efficient document clustering algorithm. Through experiments performed on publicly available text datasets, the proposed framework is validated.
Pregnancy status, self-esteem, and ethnicity: some relationships in a sample of adolescents.

Low self-esteem is presumed to predict self-destructive and deviant behaviors such as drug use school dropout and early sexual involvement. The multidimensional construct of self-esteem was used to investigate the relationships among pregnancy status self-esteem and ethnicity among 100 pregnant/parenting and never-pregnant African American and European American female adolescents aged 15-19 years of mean age 16.74 years. The sample was comprised of 41 African Americans and 59 European Americans from two Southern states. Self-esteem and pregnancy status were found to be associated for European American adolescents but not for African American adolescents. Never-pregnant European American adolescents scored significantly better than their same-race pregnant counterparts on 10 of the 12 self-esteem dimensions examined.
‘Can I Come in Here?’ Winston’s Discovery of Edge-of-school Spaces and Meaningful Literacy Engagement

Literacy classrooms are places of tension in the shaping of literate identities for Black male students because of classroom and cultural mismatch, racialized literacy beliefs and deficit views of Black male literacy achievement. However, research on connections between students’ out-of-school literacy and academic literacy participation tells a strikingly contrasting story because efforts are made to connect literacy to the lived experiences, popular culture, and the personal literacy development of students to what happens in the classroom. Understanding the roles of literacy and space – specifically how Black male youth navigate, contend with, and participate in these spaces – is integral to transforming literacy learning and development for Black male youth within school walls. This paper uses Foucault’s theory of other spaces in order to examine one boy’s discovery of four edge-of-school spaces – spaces that he discovered for meaningful literacy engagement.
Nonparametric Bayesian survival analysis using mixtures of Weibull distributions

Bayesian nonparametric methods have been applied to survival analysis problems since the emergence of the area of Bayesian nonparametrics. However, the use of the flexible class of Dirichlet process mixture models has been rather limited in this context. This is, arguably, to a large extent, due to the standard way of fitting such models that precludes full posterior inference for many functionals of interest in survival analysis applications. To overcome this difficulty, we provide a computational approach to obtain the posterior distribution of general functionals of a Dirichlet process mixture. We model the survival distribution employing a flexible Dirichlet process mixture, with a Weibull kernel, that yields rich inference for several important functionals. In the process, a method for hazard function estimation emerges. Methods for simulation-based model fitting, in the presence of censoring, and for prior specification are provided. We illustrate the modeling approach with simulated and real data.
High performance liquid chromatographic determination of diazinon, permethrin, DEET (N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide), and their metabolites in rat plasma and urine

A rapid method was developed for the analysis of the insecticide (A) diazinon (O,O-diethyl O-2-isopropyl-6-methylpyridimidinyl) phosphorothioate, its metabolites (B) diazoxon (O,O-diethyl O-2-isopropyl-6-methylpyridimidinyl) phosphate, and (C) 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol, the insecticide (D) permethrin [3-(2,2-dichloro-ethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid (3-phenoxyphenyl)methylester], its metabolites (E) m-phenoxybenzyl alcohol, and (F) m-phenoxybenzoic acid, the insect repellent (G) DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide), and its metabolites (H) m-toluamide and (I) m-toluic acid in rat plasma and urine. The method is based on using C18 Sep-Pak cartridges (Waters Corporation, Milford, Mass., U.S.A.) for solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography with a reversed phase C18 column, and absorbance detection at 230 nm for compounds A, B, and C, and at 210 nm for compounds D-I. The compounds were separated using a gradient from 1% to 99% acetonitrile in water (pH 3.0) at a flow rate ranging between 1 and 1.7 mL/min in a period of 17 min. The limits of detection were ranged between 20 and 100 ng/mL, while limits of quantification were 80-200 ng/mL. The relationship between peak areas and concentration was linear over a range of 100-1000 ng/mL. This method was applied to determine the above insecticides and their metabolites following dermal administration in rats.
Older Adults' Memory for Verbally Presented Medical Information.

Previous research demonstrates that patients typically have difficulty remembering information presented during healthcare consultations. This study examined how older adults learn and remember verbally presented medical information. Healthy older adults were tested for recall in experimental and field settings. Participants viewed a five-minute video of a simulated healthcare consultation and completed free recall, cued recall, and recognition memory tasks. Differences in performance were observed between older and younger adults in the experimental condition on all memory tasks and in the field condition on the cued recall task; older adults tended to remember less information than younger adults. Though older adults had difficulty spontaneously recalling medical information, they were able to take advantage of cues to access verbally learned information. Findings of this study highlight the importance of developing and implementing measures to maximize the abilities of older adults to learn and remembe...
Ascending Aorta to Right Pulmonary Artery Anastomosis Immediate Results in 123 Patients and One Month to Six Year Follow-up in 74 Patients

An intrapericardial ascending aorta-to-right pulmonary artery anastomosis was performed in 123 patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease associated with pulmonary stenosis or atresia during the eight year period from 1964 through 1971. While there were 20 early postoperative deaths (16%), 90% (93 patients) of the 103 survivors were symptomatically improved. In the postoperative evaluation, 74 patients (72% of the survivors) returned for follow-up examination, which included cardiac catheterization in 57. The anastomosis was nonfunctioning in ten (13.5%) of these 74 patients and in an additional 13 (17.5%) patients, clinically silent right pulmonary artery stenosis was demonstrated angiographically at the anastomosis site. Clinical improvement had been maintained in the 64 patients with an open anastomosis (audible continuous murmur or angiographically demonstrated patency) including the 13 patients with acquired pulmonary stenosis at the operative site. Persistent right pulmonary artery stenosis was...
A Useful Practice

An alternative practice such as the Gulf Coast Community Design Studio is shaped by alternative values and uses alternative working methods. The values of service, proximity, and experience define the boundaries of the work and the relationships with the community. The alternative working methods, including the method of compensation, the working space, and the social interaction with the community, create open-ended, horizontal associations to sustain a long-term, community-based practice. The lesson learned is, while the day-to-day activities internal to the practice are conventional, the alternative values and working methods are developed on the boundaries where the work engages the community.
Experimental study of wall curvature and bypass flow effects on orifice discharge coefficients

This paper presents the results of an experimental study investigating the impact of wall curvature and bypass flow on the discharge coefficients of circular orifices. To extend the range of currently available discharge coefficients, the ratio of the orifice to the pipe diameter is varied from 0.25 to 0.67. Functional relationships are developed that relate a free-discharge orifice coefficient to the ratio of the orifice diameter to the pipe diameter and the total head (velocity and pressure heads) upstream of the orifice. In addition, the use of the projected area versus surface area of the orifice for determining discharge coefficients is investigated and the results show that both approaches yield similar observations. The results of this experimental study are particularly useful for the case of sparger design.