cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Bleeding Time as a Test of Hemostatic Function

The vascular component of hemostatis is determined by the bleeding time as designed by Duke or by the Ivy modification, which is a combined bleeding time-tourniquet test. A prolonged bleeding time is observed: (1) in thrombopathic thrombocytopenia, which may be (a) hereditary or (b) acquired, as in the immune types or from depression of bone marrow, and (2) athrombocytopenically, as in von Willebrand's disease, Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, or from aspirin intolerance. The role of a specific bleeding time determinant in the plasma (labile bleeding time factor of Perkins) is discussed and its possible relation to platelets suggested.
Irregular Roughness and Favorable-Pressure-Gradient Effects on Large-Scale, Reynolds-Stress-Producing Motions in Wall Turbulence

An experimental study of the combined impact of irregular surface roughness and moderate favorable-pressure-gradient conditions (K 4:2 5:3 10 ) on the structure of a turbulent boundary layer was assessed using stereo particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements in the wall-normal{spanwise plane. The roughness under consideration was replicated from a turbine blade damaged by deposition of foreign materials and contains a broad range of topographical scales. The measurements of smooth-and rough-wall ow under the identical favorablepressure gradient (FPG) condition were compared to reveal the combined impact of surface roughness and FPG conditions on the underlying structure of the ow. Instantaneous velocity elds revealed alternating, lowand high-momentum regions (LMRs and HMRs) in the spanwise direction that embody a signi cant fraction of the Reynolds shear stress. Compared to zero-pressure-gradient (ZPG) smooth-wall ow, the wall-normal extent and intensity of LMRs and HMRs were substantially reduced by FPG conditions. However, the addition of roughness to these FPG conditions enhanced these characteristics such that they resembled ZPG smooth-wall conditions once again. Two-point velocity correlations were computed to examine the average spatial structure of the ow.
Format-independent post-production

The adoption of the ATSC's Digital Television Standard means that pictures may be broadcast in a number of different formats rather than the 525/601 system used for analog NTSC. Many television stations have already declared their proposed formats for standard definition (SD) and high definition (HD), and it is clear that several will soon be in use. This paper establishes aims for such a scheme, examines possible ways of working with multiple input and output formats in post-production, and formulates a practical structure for such equipment. It also looks at the possible impact this may have on operational practices.
Mimosestes playazul, New Species, with New Host Records for Other Mimosestes (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

Mimosestes playazul sp.n., which feeds in the seeds of Acacia collinsii Safford in Mexico, is described, and external features and the male genitalia are figured. New host records are reported for M. acaciestes Kingsolver and Johnson, M. amicus (Horn), M. cinerifer (Fahraeus), M. enterolobii Kingsolver and Johnson, M. humeralis (Gyllenhal), M. insularis Kingsolver and Johnson, M. janzeni Kingsolver and Johnson, M. mimosae (F.), M. nubigens (Motschulsky), and M. viduatus (Sharp).
Control Strategy of Dynamic Voltage Restorer with Generalized Integrator

The zero-error-control of dynamic voltage restorer(DVR) which overcomes the drawback of the PI integrator was achieved with the introduction of a generalized integrator for the voltage tracking control.A double-loop control algorithm in which the capacitor current inner-loop voltage is controlled by the outer-loop controller is adopted to get a good performance.The characteristic of the controller is analyzed by the aid of Bode of an accurate model on the basis of the deduced transfer function of the system.The robustness of the system is enhanced for load disturbances.The experimental results indicate that the control strateg is effective and.robust.
CE: Viral Hepatitis: New U.S. Screening Recommendations, Assessment Tools, and Treatments.

Overview: Over the past 15 years, the incidences of hepatitis A and B virus infection in the United States have declined significantly. By contrast, the incidence of hepatitis C virus infection, formerly stable or in decline, has increased by 75% since 2010. Suboptimal therapies of the past, insufficient provider awareness, and low screening rates have hampered efforts to improve diagnosis, management, and treatment of viral hepatitis. New screening recommendations, innovations in assessment and treatment, and an updated action plan from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) seem likely to lead to significant progress in the coming years. This article reviews the epidemiology, natural history, and diagnosis of viral hepatitis; discusses new screening recommendations, assessment tools, and treatments; and outlines the HHS action plan, focusing on the role of nurses in prevention and treatment
Aspiration thrombectomy and intracoronary tirofiban in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction : Combination treatment for patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Primary percutaneous coronary intervention is the most effective treatment for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This study aimed to investigate whether the combination of aspiration thrombectomy with intracoronary tirofiban treatment can result in smaller infarcts and better patient prognosis compared with aspiration thrombectomy alone. In all, 150 patients with STEMI underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Group A received aspiration thrombectomy and group B received a combination treatment of aspiration thrombectomy with intracoronary tirofiban. The endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events, including myocardial (re)infarction, cardiovascular death, and target vessel revascularization. The clinical characteristics of the groups were not significantly different (p > 0.05). The percentage of patients whose thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) myocardial perfusion grades were less than 3 was significantly higher for group B than for group A (13.9 vs. 3.8 %, p = 0.029). The infarct size on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was significantly different between groups (p = 0.036). At 6 months after the operation, the echocardiography results were better for patients in group B than for those in group A (p = 0.024 and p = 0.016, respectively). The frequency of bleeding complications and major adverse cardiac events of the groups were not significantly different (p > 0.05). Aspiration thrombectomy with intracoronary tirofiban in patients with STEMI is safe and effective. For cases with a large angiographic thrombus burden, tirofiban did not increase the rate of bleeding complications or major adverse cardiovascular events.
Reproductive traits of sows penned individually or in groups until 35 days after breeding.

Summary We compared estrous and farrowing traits in 274 Duroc x Yorkshire sows penned either in individual gestation stalls or in groups (four or five sows/group) during the intervals from weaning to breeding and from breeding to 30 to 35 d after breeding. Sows were assigned to treatment by parity (primiparous vs multi- parous), checked twice daily for estrus from 3 to 10 d after weaning and artificially insemi- nated (AI) twice during estrus. Ovaries of anes- trous sows were examined at laparotomy. No major treatment effects on estrous response were detected and 88% (45/51) of anestrous sows had only small ovarian follicles. Litter traits were not affected by penning treatments. However, penning sows in groups postbreeding resulted in a 50% reduction (P<.05) in early pregnancy losses as indicated by low serum pro- gesterone 19 to 23 d after AI or return to estrus by 23 d after AI. This resulted in a 12 percent- age point higher (P<.05) farrowing rate for group-penned (78%) than for individually penned sows (66%). (Key Words: Sow, Rebreeding, Reproduction, Housing.)
Eliot, T.S.The Letters of T.S. Eliot. Vol. 1, 1898-1922. Ed. Valerie Eliot: New York: Harcourt, 1988. xxxi, 639 pp. $29.95

(1990). Eliot, T.S. The Letters of T.S. Eliot. Vol. 1, 1898-1922. Ed. Valerie Eliot. ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews: Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 194-198.
A Theory of Copyright's Derivative Right and Related Doctrines

Borrowing from the rent dissipation literature that has proven useful in patent analysis, in this Article I provide an economic foundation for copyright’s derivative right to prepare sequels and adaptations and suggest a straightforward doctrinal test for that right. I argue that the suppression of competition in creating adaptations of the same copyrighted expression, rather than being a loss, might instead be the derivative right’s chief economic virtue, giving an author control over adaptations and limiting the production of those that would be close substitutes for one another.In Part I, I explain and question the conventional justification of the derivative right, that the right provides incentives to create copyrighted works. I argue that rather than maximizing the total number of works the derivative right probably greatly decreases the number of derivative works, but also that some works may be more important than others, in part because works that are close substitutes for one another are of relatively little value. Part II reviews the recent literature applying product differentiation theory to copyright and points to an additional area of the economic literature that may provide a more fruitful model for considering the derivative right. I suggest that product differentiation logic applies particularly forcefully to discrete submarkets in which there would be a large amount of demand diversion, as would be the case if no derivative right existed. Finally, in Part III I argue that regardless of whether the derivative right in its current form is normatively justified it requires a conceptual economic foundation to restrict its doctrinal contours. I thus offer a doctrinal approach for assessing the derivative and reproduction right, apply the test to some actual cases and controversies, and comment on the related doctrine concerning the standard for copyrightability of derivative works.
Expert Systems Using Fuzzy Logic

We show how the theory of approximate reasoning developed by L.A. Zadeh provides a natural format for representing the knowledge and performing the inferences in rule based expert systems. We extend the representational ability of these systems by providing a new structure for including rules which only require the satisfaction to some subset of the antecedent conditions. This is accomplished by the use of fuzzy quantifiers. We also provide a methodology for the inclusion of a form of uncertainty in the expert systems associated with the belief attributed to the data and production rules.
Effect of Perylene Photosensitizer Attachment to [Pd(triphosphine)L]2+ on CO2 Electrocatalysis

Two new covalently linked chromophore–CO2 reduction catalyst systems were prepared using a perylene chromophore and a bis[(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethyl]phenylphosphinopalladium(II) catalyst. The primary goal of this study is to probe the influence of photosensitizer attachment on the electrocatalytic performance. The position either para or meta to the phosphorus on the phenyl group of the palladium complex was linked via a 2,5-xylyl group to the 3 position of perylene. The electrocatalytic CO2 reduction activity of the palladium complex is maintained in the meta-linked system, but is lost in the para-linked system, possibly because of unfavorable interactions of the perylene chromophore with the glassy carbon electrode used. Following selective photoexcitation of the perylene, an enhanced perylene excited-state decay rate was observed in the palladium complexes compared to perylene attached to the free ligands. This decrease is accompanied by formation of the perylene cation radical, showing that electron...
Nutrition in Oral Health

Oral diseases are a global problem for both children and adults and poor oral health is associated with other systemic diseases. The two most common oral diseases are dental caries and periodontal disease. Diet plays an important role in influencing the oral mucosa; cariogenic foods, such as fermentable carbohydrates, contribute to oral bacteria, which demineralize and erode the tooth enamel. Healthy dietary patterns have a protective effect on oral health. Dental caries can develop very early in life, especially in children who sleep with a bottle containing milk or sweetened liquid. The elderly are also vulnerable to oral problems and are at an increased risk for low nutrient intake and absorption. Multiple medication use can further compromise nutrient bioavailability. Lifestyle factors such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption also increase the risk of oral diseases. This chapter addresses the role of nutrition in the promotion of oral health.
Monograph: Decision Making Using Attribute and Preference Tradeoffs

This paper describes decisions in three attribute spaces with tradeoffs. The first essay presents a lexicographic model over a first stage decision between two players. The second essay develops models of compromise in three attribute spaces. The third essay shows how a decision maker can decide between making decisions in attribute space vs. preference space. The fourth essay uses results of the three prior essays to model two-party decisions.
Review: Allergen immunotherapy reduces asthma symptoms and medications

Source Citation Abramson MJ, Puy RM, Weiner JM. Is allergen immunotherapy effective in asthma? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 Apr;151:969-74.
Experimental Psychology and Hypnosis

The relationship of hypnosis to academic psychology has through the years been similar to its relationship to psychiatry—sometimes popular and supported by those of prestige within their disciplines, sometimes in disrepute and carried on only by those on the fringes. This cyclical history is well known, and we suffer a little even today as we attempt to maintain interest in hypnosis within the scientific community, although many signs, such as the IBRO-sponsored conference in France in October 1967, indicate a more favourable contemporary attitude.
Plenary talk 1: Ultra-wideband arrays with low cost beamforming back-ends

Future communication links will require higher data rates, multiple beams, and higher transmit/receive gains, in addition to smaller weight, cost, and power. With the growing interest for reduced size platforms and the requirement for ultra-wideband (UWB) performance to address multifunctionality, there is a strong need for UWB apertures to enable increased spectral efficiency, multifunctionality and security, there is a strong need for small UWB apertures, particularly at millimeter wave frequencies. Such apertures enable increased spectral efficiency, spatial multiplexing, concurrent beams at different frequencies. Furthermore, UWB arrays offer high data rates and allow for secure communication using long codes that spread across the bandwidth. An added feature will be the capability for simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) applications.
RSV prophylaxis guideline changes and outcomes in children with congenital heart disease.

Objective The aim of this study was to compare inpatient outcomes and costs for children with respiratory syncytial virus and congenital heart disease before and after the change in management guidelines for respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis. Design Hospital discharge data from the Vizient (formerly University HealthSystem Consortium) were queried from October 2012 to June 2014 (Era 1) and July 2014 to April 2016 (Era 2) for patients aged <24 months with an any International Classification of Disease (ICD)-9 or ICD-10 code for congenital heart disease (745-747.49, Q20.0-Q26.4) and a primary or secondary admitting diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection (079.6, J20.5), acute bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus (466.11, J21.0) or respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia (480.1, J12.1). Setting This study is a review of a national administrative discharge database. Patients: Respiratory syncytial virus admissions were identified in 1269 patients aged <24 months with congenital heart disease, with 644 patients in Era 1 and 625 in Era 2. Patients 0–12 months old represented 83% of admissions. Interventions Prior to 2014, children aged 0–24 months with congenital heart disease were eligible to receive respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis. Updated guidelines, published in 2014, restricted the recommendation to administer palivizumab respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis to children with congenital heart disease only if they are ≤12 months old. Outcome measures The outcome measures are hospital length of stay, ICU admission rate, mortality, and direct costs. Results There was no change in length of stay, ICU admission rate, in-hospital mortality, or direct costs for children 13–24 months old with congenital heart disease after the change in guidelines. There were no deaths in 13–24 month olds, regardless of era. Conclusions Our findings provide additional support for the new guideline recommendations to provide respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis only for children ≤12 months old with congenital heart disease.
Renal Protective Effects of N-Acetyl-Seryl-Aspartyl-Lysyl-Proline (Ac-SDKP) in Obese Rats on a High-Salt Diet.

BACKGROUND Obesity is a public health problem, associated with salt sensitive hypertension, kidney inflammation, and fibrosis. N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP) is a tetra peptide with anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties. However, its effect on preventing kidney damage in obesity is unknown. We hypothesized that Zucker obese (ZO) rats on a high-salt (HS) diet develop renal damage, inflammation, fibrosis, and this is prevented with Ac-SDKP treatment. METHODS Zucker lean (ZL) and ZO rats (8 weeks old) were treated with Ac-SDKP (1.6 mg/kg/day) while maintained on either a normal-salt (NS; 0.4%) or HS (4%) diet for 8 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), albuminuria, renal inflammation, and fibrosis were evaluated. RESULTS HS diet increased macrophage infiltration in the kidneys of both ZL and ZO rats but was significantly higher in ZO rats receiving the HS diet (ZL + NS, 13.9 ± 1.3 vs. ZL + HS, 19.14 ± 1.5 and ZO + NS, 25.5 ± 1.4 vs. ZO + HS, 87.8 ± 10.8 cells/mm2; P < 0.05). Ac-SDKP prevented macrophage infiltration in ZO rats (ZO + HS + Ac-SDKP, 32.18 ± 2.4 cells/mm2; P < 0.05). Similarly, glomerulosclerosis, cortical, and medullary interstitial fibrosis were increased in ZO rats fed the HS diet, and Ac-SDKP attenuated these alterations (P < 0.05). SBP was increased in ZO rats fed the HS diet (ZO + NS, 121.3 ± 8.9 vs. ZO + HS, 164 ± 6.9 mm Hg; P < 0.05), and it was significantly decreased with Ac-SDKP treatment (ZO + HS + Ac-SDKP, 144.05 ± 14.1 mm Hg; P = 0.004). Albuminuria was higher in ZO rats than in ZL rats; however, neither HS nor Ac-SDKP treatment affected it. CONCLUSIONS Ac-SDKP treatment in ZO rats fed a HS diet prevented renal damage by reducing inflammation, fibrosis, and SBP.
Association Between Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and Postoperative Opioid Use in Lumbar Fusion Procedure Patients: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.

Background Little is known about the effectiveness of recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins (rhBMPs) in reducing the demand for opioids after surgery. We investigated the association between rhBMP use and the likelihood of achieving opioid independence and changes in opioid demand in the first postoperative year. Methods Using the Multi-Payer Claims Database from 2007 to 2010, patients aged >20 years who had undergone a degenerative disc disease–indicated lumbar fusion procedure and had had ≥1 opioid prescription in the 3 months before surgery were identified. Propensity score matching (1:1) of rhBMP-exposed and rhBMP-unexposed patients was used to mitigate confounding. The outcomes of interest were opioid independence and decreases in opioid doses in morphine equivalent units, assessed at 3–6 and 9–12 months after the procedure. Logistic regression and analysis of covariance models were used. Results The data from 318 patients were analyzed. Most patients were women (61%) and aged Conclusion We found no evidence to suggest that rhBMP use during spinal fusion procedures is associated with either the discontinuation or decrease of opioid analgesic therapy. The continued opioid use after surgery warrants further clinical and research attention.
Introduction to Classical Legal Rhetoric: A Lost Heritage

Contents: Greco-Roman rhetoric: the canon and its history Greco-Roman legal analysis: the topics of invention Brief rhetoric: classical principles of organization Ethos, pathos and legal audience Greco-Roman analysis of metaphoric reasoning Greco-Roman elements of forensic style The rhetoric of dissent: a Greco-Roman analysis Bibliography Index.
Periprocedural Anticoagulation Management For Nonoperating Room Anesthesia Procedures: A Clinical Guide.

Non-operating room anesthesia presents unique challenges for anesthesiologists. Limited preprocedural optimization and unfamiliarity with the location and procedure itself add to the difficulties i...
Do Not Trust, Verify: A Verifiable Hardware Accelerator for Matrix Multiplication

In this letter, we propose VeritAcc, a novel application that enables secure integration of an untrusted third-party matrix multiplication (MM) hardware accelerator in a system-on-chip containing a trusted general purpose processor. Our solution builds upon the theory of interactive proof (IP) protocols to enable run time verification of each computation executed on the untrusted accelerator and formally guarantees that any incorrect results are detected with high probability. Our novel optimizations in hardware implementation reduces area and performance overhead of VeritAcc. We show that an field programmable gate array (FPGA) prototype of VeritAcc introduces less than 6.25% digital signal processing (DSP) area overhead compared to a baseline untrusted MM accelerator while enabling $11\times -69\times $ speed-ups compared with software execution.
Does QRS duration predict exercise capacity in patients with Tetralogy of Fallot

Purpose: Patients with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) have an increased long-term risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Elevated QRS duration (QRSd), specifically, has been shown to be a specific risk factor for the development of right ventricular myocardial disease, ventricular arrhythmias, and subsequent sudden death in TOF patients. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has also been shown to be a useful predictor for cardiac-related hospitalizations in TOF patients. Our objective was to determine …
Pan Traps for Tracking Honey Bee Activity-Density: A Case Study in Soybeans

To study how honey bees utilize forage resources and guide pollination management plans in crops, a multitude of methods have been developed, but most are time consuming, costly, and require specialized skills. Colored pan traps for monitoring activity-density are a simple, efficient, and cost-effective alternative; however, their usefulness for studying honey bees is not well described. We examined if trap color, location within a field, and the presence of managed colonies affected estimates of honey bee activity-density within soybean fields. Soybeans are visited by pollinators but do not require these visits for seed development. Pan traps, especially those colored blue, captured more honey bees when colonies were present. There were no differences in activity-density based on placement of traps within a field nor with increasing distance from colonies. Throughout the season, activity-density in soybeans was constant but tripled after soybean ceased blooming, suggesting spikes in pan trap captures may indicate periods of forage scarcity. Activity-density did not correlate with the population size of worker bees at a site, but did correlate with number of colonies present. We conclude that pan traps can be useful for assessing honey bee activity, particularly for estimating colony presence and identifying times of forage scarcity.
Claiming Wisdom: Re-reading Othello in Gayl Jones’ Mosquito

Focusing on the last novel by American author Gayl Jones, this chapter connects Mosquito’s interest in dissolving borders between states and between registers of knowledge to Jones’ longstanding interest in describing histories of African-descended people throughout the Americas. The people Jones’ heroine meets and the stories she hears along the border map over the plot of Othello; both works share an interest in voyaging and crossing borders. Jones’ novel further replays Othello by moving its action to the American southwest, by creating a whole secret community—the Daughters of Nzingha—of black women in response to the African women who were so important in forming Othello but who are absent from the play, and by transmuting the terror and danger that the play’s account of an interracial love affair has accumulated in its performance history.
Positive Association of Depression, Anxiety, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Youth with Congenital Heart Disease: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study

Purpose: Depression and anxiety in older adolescents and adults with complex congenital heart disease (CHD) has been well described. Additionally, studies report higher rates of ADHD in children with complex CHD. These data are lacking for younger and simple CHD patients. The goal of our study was to characterize anxiety/depression and ADHD in children with all types of CHD compared to those without CHD. Methods: Data was obtained using electronic medical records between 2011-2016 from a large tertiary care pediatric hospital. Inclusion criteria were youth < 18 years …
Using Visual Aids to Supplement Medical Instructions, Health Education, and Medical Device Instructions:

Objective:To review the effects of visual aids on adherence, comprehension, and recall when used to supplement written or spoken information in medical instructions, health education, and medical d...
Robust identification and characterization of thin soil layers in cone penetration data by piecewise layer optimization

Abstract Cone penetration testing (CPT) is a preferred method for characterizing soil profiles for evaluating seismic liquefaction triggering potential. However, CPT has limitations in characterizing highly stratified profiles because the measured tip resistance ( q c ) of the cone penetrometer is influenced by the properties of the soils above and below the tip. This results in measured q c values that appear “blurred” at sediment layer boundaries, inhibiting our ability to characterize thinly layered strata that are potentially liquefiable. Removing this “blur” has been previously posed as a continuous optimization problem, but in some cases this methodology has been less efficacious than desired. Thus, we propose a new approach to determine the corrected q c values (i.e. values that would be measured in a stratum absent of thin-layer effects) from measured values. This new numerical optimization algorithm searches for soil profiles with a finite number of layers which can automatically be added or removed as needed. This algorithm is provided as open-source MATLAB software. It yields corrected q c values when applied to computer-simulated and calibration chamber CPT data. We compare two versions of the new algorithm that numerically optimize different functions, one of which uses a logarithm to refine fine-scale details, but which requires longer calculation times to yield improved corrected q c profiles.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging of the Dentate Nucleus After Repeated Administration of Gadobutrol in Children.

This study aimed to investigate possible signal changes in the dentate nucleus (DN) on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) after administration of gadobutrol in a pediatric cohort. Total of 50 pediatric patients (mean age: 6.2 ± 4.3 years) with normal renal function exposed exclusively to the macrocyclic GBCA (mcGBCA) gadobutrol and 50 age- and sex-matched control patients with nonpathological neuroimaging findings (and no GBCA administration). Mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) values were determined in the DN. A paired t test was performed to compare FA, MD values, and DN-to-middle cerebral peduncle (MCP) T1WI SI ratios between children exposed to gadobutrol and controls. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to determine any correlation between FA and MD values as well as T1WI SI ratios and confounding parameters. The mean FA values of DN was significantly lower in children with mcGBCA than in the control group (p < 0.001; non-GBCA group, 0.299 ± 0.03; mcGBCA group, 0.254 ± 0.05), but no significant difference of the T1WI SI ratio was noted between the mcGBCA group (0.946 ± 0.06) and the control group (0.963 ± 0.05; p = 0.336). There was also a significant MD value difference between mcGBCA group and control group (p < 0.001; non-GBCA group, 0.152 ± 0.02 × 10−3 mm2/s; mcGBCA group, 0.173 ± 0.03 × 10−3 mm2/s). A significant correlation was identified between FA/MD values and the number of mcGBCA administration (FA; correlation coefficient = − 0.355, p = 0.011 and MD; correlation coefficient = 0.334, p = 0.018). The administration of the gadobutrol was associated with higher MD and lower FA values in DN suggesting a difference in cerebellar tissue integrity between children exposed to mcGBCAs and control group.
Capital Movements and Levels of Economic Activity before the Great Depression (1925–30)

The successful stabilizations meant the establishment of international gold-exchange standards in the East European countries.1 The regime of the gold-exchange standard, and the accompanying banking arrangements, had important implications for the mode of adjustment of the respective economies to disturbances arising from international capital transations which were now becoming important in the balance of payments.
Pedotransfer functions for the United States

Publisher Summary This chapter presents pedotransfer functions (PTFs) that have been developed from national databases. The PTFs presented are for water retention and saturated hydraulic conductivity. PTFs for water retention take one of two forms: PTFs that predict water retention at specific matric potentials and PTFs that predict the parameters of water-retention models. The two most frequently estimated water contents are those corresponding to soil water potentials of −33 and −1500 kPa, primarily because they are commonly measured and have commonly been referred to as “field capacity” and “wilting point,” respectively. The chapter tabulates equations developed from regression analysis that estimate soil water retention at specific water potentials using soil properties, soil properties and water retained at −1500 kPa, and soil properties and water retained at −33 and −1500 kPa.
Defining and Measuring Access to Knowledge: Towards an A2K Index

Comparative indices are widely used in international development circles to benchmark and monitor public policy objectives. To date, however, no one has examined how an index of Access to Knowledge might be constructed. This article examines the methodological issues involved in such a project and provides a blueprint for the development of a robust and reliable A2K Index. For those new to the Access to Knowledge framework, this article also serves as a concrete and concise orientation to the ideological perspective rapidly reshaping the fields of international development, communications, technology, education, and intellectual property policy. Table of
Koasati Traditional Narratives

Reviewed Medium: book Translators: Geoffrey D. Kimball Year: 2010 Pages: 328 Publisher: University of Nebraska Press ISBN: 978-0-8032-2729-3 (hard cover). Prices: $65.00 USD(hard cover).
The Sorption of Technetium and Iodine Radioisotopes by Various Minerals

Radioisotopes of technetium and iodine, elements that are present in reactor wastes, are strongly sorbed (100 ≲ KD ≲ 2000) from aqueous solutions by several naturally occurring minerals (bournonite...
Micropuncture of the Kidney: A Primer on Techniques

Techniques to evaluate renal function at the single nephron level have been instrumental and indispensible in furthering our understanding of the mammalian kidney. Techniques that were first introduce in the 1920s, and later refined in the 1950s and 1960s, permit sophisticated interrogation of glomerular filtration and hemodynamics, and tubular epithelial transport activity. Much of what we know about the physiology and pathophysiology of the kidney has been produced or, to some degree, confirmed by renal micropuncture. While micropuncture is perhaps not as widely employed as before, it remains an essential tool for comprehensive evaluation of kidney function, particularly in this age of genetically pliable experimental models. This review aims to provide a introduction to common methodologies and approaches used to conduct micropuncture experiments. Topics covered include instrumentation and equipment, pipet fabrication techniques, animal preparation, and experimental procedures for evaluating single nephron hemodynamics and tubular function.
Quantitative Analysis of Collagen Expression in Embryonic Chick Chondrocytes Having Different Developmental Fates

A quantitative determination of collagen expression was carried out in cultured chondrocytes obtained from a tissue that undergoes endochondral bone replacement (ventral vertebra) and one that does not (caudal sterna). The "short chain" collagen, type X is only expressed in the former while the other "short chain" collagen type IX, was primarily expressed in the latter. These two tissues also differ in that vertebral chondrocytes express moderate levels of both type I procollagen mRNAs which were translated into full length procollagen chains both in vivo and in vitro, while caudal sternal chondrocytes did not. The percent of collagen synthesis was about 50% in both cell types, but sternal cells expressed twice as much collagen as vertebral cells even though type II procollagen was more efficiently processed to alpha-chains in vertebral chondrocytes than in sternal chondrocytes. The number of type II procollagen mRNA molecules/cell was found to be about 2300 in vertebral chondrocytes and about 8000 in sternal cells, in good agreement with the results reported by Kravis and Upholt (Kravis, D., and Upholt, W. B. (1985) Dev. Biol. 108, 164-172). There were about 630 copies of type I procollagen mRNAs with an alpha 1/alpha 2 ratio of 1.6 in vertebral chondrocytes compared with 5100 copies and an alpha 1/alpha 2 ratio of 2.2 in osteoblasts, and less than 40 copies in sternal cells. Since the rate of type I collagen chain synthesis was 50 times greater in osteoblasts than in vertebral cells, type I procollagen mRNAs were about six times less efficiently translated in vertebral cells than in osteoblasts. The type I mRNAs in vertebral chondrocytes were polyadenylated and had 5' ends that were identical in osteoblasts, fibroblasts, and myoblasts. Moreover, type I mRNAs isolated from vertebral chondrocytes were translated into full length preprocollagen chains in vitro in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. Thus, chondrocytes isolated from cartilage tissues with different developmental fates differed quantitatively and qualitatively in total collagen synthesis, procollagen processing, and distribution of collagen types.
The effects of hypothyroidism on the proximal femoral physis in miniature swine

As a potential means of comparing hypothyroidism in humans, this work intended to establish a defined hypothyroid state in immature miniature swine and evaluate specific molecular, cellular, and extracellular responses of their growth plates. Two male, 11-week-old Sinclair miniature swine were given 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) in their water and two other like animals (controls) were provided water without PTU. Blood levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxin (T4) were monitored weekly. At 25 weeks of age, the hind limb proximal femoral physes were harvested and divided into portions for histology and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis. Compared to controls, swine administered PTU exhibited increased TSH and decreased T3 and T4 serum levels during the study period, features consistent with a hypothyroid state. Compared to controls, hypothyroid swine exhibited structurally altered physes and demonstrated significantly decreased gene expression of aggrecan (p < 0.05) and type X collagen (p ≤ 0.1). This is the first hypothyroid model established in miniature swine and represents a potentially important advance for understanding the condition in humans, in which, like this swine model, there are changes critical to growth plate molecular biology, biochemistry and structure.
Major foodborne illness causing viruses and current status of vaccines against the diseases.

Even though viruses, unlike bacteria, cannot grow in or on foods, foodborne illnesses are associated with viruses due to contamination of the fresh produce or processed food by virus-containing fecal material. The commonly reported major foodborne illnesses are due to Noroviruses, hepatitis A and E viruses, rotaviruses, and astroviruses. Among all illnesses caused by foodborne pathogens, recent estimates of as high as 67% have been attributed to viruses alone, and an upward trend in the of transmission of viruses by food and water has been recently acknowledged. Due to the highly infectious nature of these viruses and their survival under drastic conditions such as high acidic pH and low temperatures, it has long been recognized that immunization against such pathogens is the ideal solution to provide protection against the illness and disease outbreaks associated with these viruses. With an increased recognition of the clinical significance and impact of acute viral illness associated with food and water...
Microscopic Mechanisms of Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption of Analyte Molecules: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulation

A hybrid model, which combines a bead-and-spring approach with the breathing sphere model, is developed for a molecular dynamics study of matrix-assisted laser desorption of analyte molecules. The combined model is used to investigate the initial stage of analyte molecular ejection at different laser fluences. Analyte molecules embedded near the irradiated surface are lifted off at laser fluences corresponding to the ablation threshold. Higher fluences are required to eject analyte molecules embedded deeper below the surface. At all considered laser fluences, analyte molecules are ejected within matrix clusters, thus solvated. The degree of solvation decreases with increasing laser fluence and during the ablation plume expansion. Possible mechanisms of analyte desolvation in the ejected plume are discussed. Analyte fragmentation is found to be negligible under all explored conditions.
Load-Adaptive MUI/ISI-Resilient Generalized Multi-Carrier CDMA with Linear and DF Receivers

A plethora of single-carrier and multi-carrier (MC) CDMA systems have been proposed recently to mitigate intersymbol interference (ISI) and eliminate multiuser interference (MUI). We present a unifying all-digital Generalized Multicarrier CDMA framework which enables us to describe existing CDMA schemes and to highlight thorny problems associated with them. To improve the bit error rate (BER) performance of existing schemes, we design block FIR transmitters and decision feedback (DF) receivers based on an inner-code/outer-code principle, which guarantees MUI/ISI-elimination regardless of the frequency-selective physical channel. The flexibility of our framework allows further BER enhancements by taking into account the load in the system (number of active users), while blind channel estimation results in bandwidth savings. Simulations illustrate the superiority of our framework over competing MC CDMA alternatives especially in the presence of uplink multipath channels.
Attention to Evidence of Aggressive Financial Reporting and Intentional Misstatement Judgments: Effects of Experience and Trust

This study extends prior research by examining the effects of dispositional trust, induced skepticism, and fraud‐specific audit experience on attention to aggressive financial reporting practices and judgments of potential misstatement. In an experimental analysis using 125 practicing auditors, this study finds that auditors who are less trusting of others attend more to evidence of aggressive reporting than do more trusting auditors, and higher levels of induced skepticism increase attention to aggressive reporting. Further, auditors who pay more attention to evidence of aggressive reporting are more likely to believe that intentional misstatement occurred. General audit experience was not a predictor of auditors' attention to aggressive reporting or auditors' judgments about intentional misstatements. Auditors with more fraud‐specific experience, however, were more likely than auditors with less fraud‐specific experience to believe that intentional misstatement had occurred when evidence of aggressive r...
Hierarchies based on computational complexity and irregularities of class determining measured sets (Preliminary Report)

We consider here the problem of building transfinite hierarchies of computable functions on the basis of their difficulty of computation. Previous hierarchies of functions through the constructive ordinals have had two major problems, each apparently caused by not having techniques to restrict the classes considered at limit ordinals. These problems are, first that every function occurs at some name for o, or some other small ordinal, and second that two names for the same constructive ordinal have two different classes of functions associated with them. The axioms of computational complexity introduced by Blum[1] and several theorems by Blum[1],and by McCreight and Meyer[9], particularly the union theorem, lead to a very natural method of hierarchy building that partially avoids the first of these problems. The other problem is not overcome, however. In attempting to understand the problem of obtaining unique, or nearly unique classes of functions we have encountered difficulties because the class determining measured sets of McCreight and Meyer[9] lack several properties that might reasonably be desired.
Sulfonic acid ring-substituted polyaniline, a self-doped conducting polymer

Abstract Sulfonic acid ring-substituted polyaniline has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, UV-vis and electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Approximately 50% of the total number of phenyl rings in the polymer are mono-substituted by -SO− 3 groups. Without external doping, the ring-sulfonated polyaniline has a conductivity of ∼0.03 S/cm; it is therefore a “self-doped” conducting polymer. The water soluble sodium salt of the ring-sulfonated polyaniline is an insulator and can be reversibly converted back to the self-doped conducting form by treatment with aqueous acid.
Thromboxane and prostacyclin generation by intact human vessels in response to balloon catheter trauma.

Abstract Recent description of thromboxane (TXA 2 ) synthesis by endothelial cells in addition to prostacyclin (PGI 2 ) has stimulated interest in the significance of TXA 2 generation by vessel walls. We studied TXA2 and PGI2 release from human umbilical veins with intact and continuous endothelium. Resting TXB 2 (stable metabolite of TXA 2 ) concentrations in umbilical vein effluent (mean 0.45 ± 0.07 ng/ml) were lower than those of 6-keto-PGF 1α , (stable metabolite of PGI 2 ) (mean 92 ± 26 ng/ml). Following mechanical trauma to the umbilical veins with a balloon catheter, documented by adherence of indium 111 -labeled platelets, both TXA 2 and PGI 2 increased in the venous effluent. Increase in TXB 2 (65%) was less than that in 6-keto-PGF 1α (199%). These data show that a) human vessel walls generate both TXA 2 and PGI 2 , b) both TXA 2 and PGI 2 increase following mechanical trauma, the former less than the latter. Vessel wall TXA 2 generation may become pathologically relevant in conditions of decreased PG1 2 generation.
Motion of contact line of a crystal over the edge of solid mask in epitaxial lateral overgrowth

Abstract Mathematical model that allows for direct tracking of the homoepitaxial crystal growth out of the window etched in the solid, pre-deposited layer on the substrate is described. The growth is governed by the normal (to the crystal–vapor interface) flux from the vapor phase and by the interface diffusion. The model accounts for possibly inhomogeneous energy of the mask surface and for strong anisotropies of crystal–vapor interfacial energy and kinetic mobility. Results demonstrate that the motion of the crystal–mask contact line slows down abruptly as radius of curvature of the mask edge approaches zero. Numerical procedure is suggested to overcome difficulties associated with ill-posedness of the evolution problem for the interface with strong energy anisotropy.
Radial velocities of stars in the globular cluster M4 and the cluster distance

The internal stellar velocity distribution of the globular cluster M4 is evaluated from nearly 200 new radial velocity measurements good to 1 km/s and a rederivation of existing proper motions. The mean radial velocity of the cluster is 70.9 +/- 0.6 km/s. The velocity dispersion is 3.5 +/- 0.3 km/s at the core, dropping marginally towards the outskirts. Such a low internal dispersion is somewhat at odds with the cluster's orbit, for which the perigalacticon is sufficiently close to the galactic center that the probability of cluster disruption is high; a tidal radius two-thirds the currently accepted value would eliminate the discrepancy. The cluster mass-to-light ratio is also small, M/L(sub V) = 1.0 +/- 0.4 in solar units. M4 thus joins M22 as a cluster of moderate and concentration with a mass-to-light ratio among the lowest known. The astrometric distance to the cluster is also smaller than expected, 1.72 +/- 0.14 kpc. This is only consistent with conventional estimates of the luminosity of horizontal branch stars provided an extinction law R = A(sub V)/E(B-V) approximately 4 is adopted, as has been suggested recently by several authors.
The ACA’s 65th Birthday Challenge: Moving from Medicaid to Medicare

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) expanded Medicaid to millions of low-income near-elderly Americans, facilitating access to health care services, but did not change income eligibility for Medicaid for those 65 years and older. Therefore, following the ACA’s coverage expansion, many newly-insured older enrollees will face a complex insurance transition on their 65th birthday: they will lose Medicaid coverage and transition from Medicaid to Medicare as their primary insurer. This transition in primary health insurance coverage includes changes to benefits, patient cost-sharing, and provider reimbursement, which could have profound consequences on the use of health services and associated health outcomes for low-income seniors. Using data from 2012, we estimate that 1.6 million current Medicaid beneficiaries and an additional 1.6 to 2.9 million low-income individuals who will gain Medicaid coverage under the ACA will be likely to make this transition in the next decade. Primary care physicians and policymakers can help mitigate the potential consequences of this insurance transition by preparing patients for Medicare’s more restrictive insurance coverage, encouraging patients to sign up for available low-income subsidies, and understanding how the loss of Medicaid coverage impacts out-of-pocket costs.