cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multifaceted community‐based intervention reduces rate of BMI growth in obese Mexican‐origin boys

Summary Background Latino children and youth have some of the highest rates of overweight and obesity. Early intervention is important to prevent future obesity and illness in this population. Methods A 3-year, multifaceted intervention was designed to reduce the rate of growth of body mass index (BMI) among Mexican-origin children. Two communities in California's agricultural Central Valley were targeted for intervention and comparison. To assess impact, anthropometric measures of participating children (N = 422) were collected and analysed at baseline and after 1 year of intervention. Results After 1 year of intervention, triceps skin-fold thickness in girls showed a significant decrease in unadjusted analysis between children in the two communities. In multivariate analysis, a reduction in BMI growth was seen among obese boys in the intervention community (s-coefficient = −1.94, P = 0.05). Obese boys in the intervention community also had a smaller increase in waist circumference (s-coefficient = −5.2, P = 0.04) than the comparison community. Conclusions These early findings indicate the intervention's effectiveness for preventing BMI growth among obese boys. Longitudinal follow-up is needed to determine the sustainability of results and whether similar results extend to obese girls and overweight boys or girls.
Carbon Dioxide Uroflowmetry

AbstractA method using pneumatic compression to determine flow rate is described. The procedure is best suited for physicians using carbon dioxide instrumentation for a urodynamic assessment of patients since the carbon dioxide cystometer is readily converted to a uroflowmeter. Values obtained with this method are similar to values reported in the literature using other techniques. When voided volumes are more than 200ml. the values for peak flow rate are reproducible within subjects and are volume-dependent.
Multiple-sensory modality communication and the problem of sign types

The issue being considered here deals with the relative efficiency of multipleversus single-"channel" or "modality" presentations in the learning of redundant and related information. This discussion will give close scrutiny to the conceptual and methodological status of research pertaining to the issue, and the approach adopted will attempt to direct investigation along more fruitful and suggestive lines. The basis for research interest in the given issue lies in the presumed pedagogic relevance of using the most effective of any one or a combination of information presentation channels in a learning situation. Consequently, for a period of at least 60 years, investigators have concerned themselves with demonstrating the purported superiority of presenting information through single auditory or visual modalities or in various combinations of auditory, print, and pictorial channels. As might be expected of research with limited conceptual underpinning, the work in this area has resulted in mixed and contradictory findings. If one were to derive some quantitative "box score" regarding the weight of evidence for any given conclusion, it is possible to collect a slight majority of instances in-
Configurationally-Coupled Protonation of Polyproline-7

Structure and dynamics regulate protein function, but much less is known about how biomolecule–solvent interactions affect the structure–function relationship. Even less is known about the thermodynamics of biomolecule–solvent interactions and how such interactions influence conformational entropy. When transferred from propanol into 40:60 propanol:water under acidic conditions, a remarkably slow protonation reaction coupled with the conversion of the polyproline-I helix (PPI, having all cis-configured peptide bonds) into polyproline-II (PPII, all trans) helix is observed in this work. Kinetics and equilibrium measurements as a function of temperature allow determination of the thermochemistry and insight into how proton transfer is regulated in this system. For the proton-transfer process, PPI+PrOH + H3O+ → PPII2+PrOH/aq + H2O, we determine ΔG = −20 ± 19 kJ·mol–1, ΔH = −75 ± 14 kJ·mol–1, and ΔS= −188 ± 48 J·mol–1·K–1 for the overall reaction, and values of ΔG⧧ = 91 ± 3 kJ·mol–1, ΔH⧧ = 84 ± 9 kJ·mol–1, an...
Femtosecond Dynamics of Solvated Electrons in Nanodroplets Probed with Extreme Ultraviolet Beams

We use ultrafast extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light to conduct time-resolved photoemission measurements of isolated nanodroplets in vacuum. We observe the creation and relaxation of solvated electrons within the nanodroplets after the absorption of EUV photons.
Psychologists,Politics,and Hospitals

Understanding the rapidly changing political machinations of professional psychology in its evolving clinical roles within hospitals is a little like trying to read the poker hand of a card player in the club car of a train that is speedily traveling west while you are sitting on the station platform. Unless you have very sharp eyes, and excellent timing and direct a lot of energy in the right direction, you will miss the whole picture.
Expressing Horizontally Acquired Genes Requires Multitasking: Before taking advantage of foreign genes, bacterial recipients need to overcome their own gene-silencing mechanisms

Frequent exchanges of horizontally transferred (HT) DNA shape the evolution of microorganisms, a process affecting an estimated 75% of bacterial genes. Some of those HT genes, particularly those encoding virulence and antibiotic resistance and carried on DNA islands, present a formidable threat to humankind.
Relative Conspicuity of Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents in Interventional Pain Procedures

Objective To assess the relative radiographic conspicuity of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) that may be used in spinal injection procedures when iodine-based contrast agents are contraindicated. Methods Eight GBCAs and three iodinated agents of varying iodine concentrations were radiographed under conditions representative of lumbar spinal injections at four kilovoltage peak (kVp) values. Radiographic contrast of each agent was measured as the percent pixel value difference with respect to background. Results Gadobutrol (Gadovist, 1 mM/mL) had the highest radiographic contrast among the gadolinium agents tested. Measured radiographic contrast correlated with the molar concentration of gadolinium. Gadobutrol radiographic contrast lies between the contrast of iohexol concentrations of 240 and 140 mgI/mL. All agents have decreasing contrast as kVp increases, but GBCAs decrease less than iodine-based agents. Conclusions Gadobutrol is the GBCA with the greatest conspicuity for use in spinal injection procedures. It also has the highest molar concentration of gadolinium, and potential neural toxicity from intrathecal delivery must be considered.
Abstract 313: Twist Contributes to Cardiomyocyte Renewal and is Required for Maintenance of Adult Cardiac Function

Cardiomyocyte renewal occurs very slowly in adult mammals, and little is known of the genetic basis of cardiac regeneration. Twist is a highly conserved bHLH transcription factor responsible for Drosophila mesoderm formation during embryogenesis. Recent studies have shown that Twist protein is essential for muscle regeneration in adult Drosophila, but the potential role of Twist in the mammalian heart has not been explored. There are two Twist genes in vertebrates, Twist-1 and -2. We show that Twist-1 and -2 are expressed in epicardium and interstitial cells but not in differentiated cardiomyocytes in mice. To understand the potential function of Twist-dependent lineages in the adult heart, we generated inducible Twist2CreERT2; ROSA26-tdTomato reporter mice. By treating these mice with tamoxifen at 8 weeks of age, we observed progressive labeling of various cell types, such as epithelial cells, cardiac fibroblasts, and cardiomyocytes in the heart. We isolated Tomato-positive nonmyocytes from these mice and found that these cells can differentiate into cardiomyocytes and other cell types in vitro. Furthermore, cardiac-specific deletion of both Twist1 and Twist2 resulted in an age-dependent lethal cardiomyopathy. These findings reveal an essential contribution of Twist to long-term maintenance of cardiac function and support the concept of slow, lifelong renewal of cardiomyocytes from a Twist-dependent cell lineage in the adult heart.
Personalized Prediction of Glaucoma Progression Under Different Target Intraocular Pressure Levels Using Filtered Forecasting Methods.

Purpose To generate personalized forecasts of how patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) experience disease progression at different intraocular pressure (IOP) levels to aid clinicians with setting personalized target IOPs. Design Secondary analyses using longitudinal data from 2 randomized controlled trials. Participants Participants with moderate or advanced OAG from the Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study (CIGTS) or the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS). Methods By using perimetric and tonometric data from trial participants, we developed and validated Kalman Filter (KF) models for fast-, slow-, and nonprogressing patients with OAG. The KF can generate personalized and dynamically updated forecasts of OAG progression under different target IOP levels. For each participant, we determined how mean deviation (MD) would change if the patient maintains his/her IOP at 1 of 7 levels (6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, or 24 mmHg) over the next 5 years. We also model and predict changes to MD over the same time horizon if IOP is increased or decreased by 3, 6, and 9 mmHg from the level attained in the trials. Main Outcome Measures Personalized estimates of the change in MD under different target IOP levels. Results A total of 571 participants (mean age, 64.2 years; standard deviation, 10.9) were followed for a mean of 6.5 years (standard deviation, 2.8). Our models predicted that, on average, fast progressors would lose 2.1, 6.7, and 11.2 decibels (dB) MD under target IOPs of 6, 15, and 24 mmHg, respectively, over 5 years. In contrast, on average, slow progressors would lose 0.8, 2.1, and 4.1 dB MD under the same target IOPs and time frame. When using our tool to quantify the OAG progression dynamics for all 571 patients, we found no statistically significant differences over 5 years between progression for black versus white, male versus female, and CIGTS versus AGIS participants under different target IOPs ( P > 0.05 for all). Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first clinical decision-making tool that generates personalized forecasts of the trajectory of OAG progression at different target IOP levels. This approach can help clinicians determine appropriate, personalized target IOPs for patients with OAG.
Geriatric assessment-driven polypharmacy discussions between oncologists, older patients, and their caregivers.

Abstract Objectives Polypharmacy (PP) and potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) are common in older adults with cancer, increasing the risk of adverse outcomes. Approaches to identifying and addressing PP/PIM are needed. Materials and Methods Patients ≥70 years with advanced cancer were enrolled in this cluster-randomized study. All underwent geriatric assessment (GA), and oncologists randomized to the intervention arm received GA-driven recommendations; no information was provided to oncologists at usual care sites. For patients with PP (≥5 medications or ≥1 high-risk medication), clinic visits with treating oncologists were audiorecorded and transcribed, and discussions regarding PP/PIM identified. Quality of provider response was coded as dismissed, mentioned, acknowledged, or addressed. Results Forty patient transcripts were analyzed (20 per arm). More discussions occurred in the intervention group (n = 81) versus the usual care group (n = 51). More concerns per patient were brought up in the intervention group (4.1 vs. 2.6, p = 0.07). Physician-initiated discussions were higher in the intervention group (73% vs. 49%, p = 0.006). More PP concerns were “addressed” in the intervention group (59% vs. 45%, p = 0.1). Oncology supportive care medication concerns were more often addressed in the usual care group (58% vs. 18%, p = 0.008), but medication management concerns were addressed more commonly in the intervention group (38% vs. 79%, p = 0.003). Conclusion In this secondary analysis, a GA-driven intervention increased PP discussions, particularly about total number of medications and medication management. PP/PIM concerns were more commonly addressed in the intervention group, except for the subset of conversations about supportive care medications.
Elevated CO2 and nutrient addition alter soil N cycling and N trace gas fluxes with early season wet-up in a California annual grassland

We examined the effects of growth carbon dioxide (CO2)concentration and soil nutrient availability on nitrogen (N)transformations and N trace gas fluxes in California grasslandmicrocosms during early-season wet-up, a time when rates of Ntransformation and N trace gas flux are high. After plant senescenceand summer drought, we simulated the first fall rains and examined Ncycling. Growth at elevated CO2 increased root productionand root carbon:nitrogen ratio. Under nutrient enrichment, elevatedCO2 increased microbial N immobilization during wet-up,leading to a 43% reduction in gross nitrification anda 55% reduction in NO emission from soil. ElevatedCO2 increased microbial N immobilization at ambientnutrients, but did not alter nitrification or NO emission. ElevatedCO2 did not alter soil emission of N2O ateither nutrient level. Addition of NPK fertilizer (1:1:1) stimulatedN mineralization and nitrification, leading to increased N2Oand NO emission from soil. The results of our study support a mechanisticmodel in which elevated CO2 alters soil N cycling and NOemission: increased root production and increased C:N ratio in elevatedCO2 stimulate N immobilization, thereby decreasingnitrification and associated NO emission when nutrients are abundant.This model is consistent with our basic understanding of how C availabilityinfluences soil N cycling and thus may apply to many terrestrial ecosystems.
Uranyl dication mediated photoswitching of a calix[4]pyrrole-based metal coordination cage

A set of self-assembled tri- and tetrapodal metal coordination cage structures (cage-1 and cage-2, respectively) constructed from the uranyl dication (UO22+) and a dibenzoic acid functionalised cis-calix[4]pyrrole (1) are described. The inherent photochemical reactivity of the uranyl dication mediates the transformation of cage-1 to cage-2via the activation of molecular oxygen.
Crystal structures of 2,3-bis-(thio-phen-2-yl)pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine and 7-bromo-2,3-bis-(thio-phen-2-yl)pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine.

The crystal structures of 2,3-bis­(thio­phen-2-yl)pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine, C15H9N3S2 (1), and 7-bromo-2,3-bis­(thio­phen-2-yl)pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine, C15H8BrN3S2 (2), are discussed. Both mol­ecules crystallize in space group P21/c. In 1, the thienyl rings are inclined to the mean plane of the pyrido­pyrazine moiety by 6.16 (7) and 86.66 (8)°, where as in 2 the corresponding dihedral angles are 33.29 (11) and 19.84 (9)°. The pyrido­pyrazine moiety is relatively planar in 1 with the two rings being inclined to each other by 1.33 (7)°. In 2, however, the pyrido­pyrazine moiety is buckled with the corresponding dihedral angle being larger at 8.78 (10)°. In the crystal of 1, the packing creates inter­secting bilayers; the layering results from the pyrido­pyrazine moieties being engaged in offset π-stacking, where the inter­planar distance is 3.431 (9) A with an offset 1.14 A. In the crystal of 2, the mol­ecules pack head-to-head and are linked by a series of C—H⋯Br and C—H⋯N inter­molecular inter­actions, forming layers parallel to the ab plane.
Mindfulness and Indian Buddhist conceptions of unconscious processes.

The modern mindfulness movement often cites early Buddhist texts that outline its basic practices. These texts, though, depict a different kind of practice, one which involves ongoing nonconscious dispositions that underlie and give rise to recurrent affective and cognitive responses to similar stimuli. In later Indian Buddhist traditions, especially the Yogācāra school, these patterns were investigated and systematically articulated in a concept of our unconscious construction of a common, ‘species-specific’ world, which included the influences of language and culture. By acknowledging our ‘cultural unconscious,’ this model could augment the depth and relevance of the mindfulness movement in our contemporary world.
Prevalence and correlates of secondhand smoke exposure in the home and in a vehicle among youth in the United States.

Abstract Private settings are major sources of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among youth. We measured prevalence and correlates of youth exposures to home and vehicle SHS. The 2016 National Youth Tobacco Survey of U.S. 6th–12th graders was analyzed (n = 20,675). Past-7-day home or vehicle SHS exposures were self-reported. Descriptive and multivariable analyses were performed on weighted data. Among all students, past-7-day SHS exposures were: vehicle (21.4%, 5.56 million); home (21.7%, 5.64 million); home or vehicle (29.0%, 7.50 million); vehicle and home (14.0%, 3.63 million). By household tobacco-use status, home or vehicle SHS exposure was: tobacco-free households, 8.4%; households with combustible-only tobacco users, 59.8%; households with smokeless tobacco/e-cigarette-only users, 21.8%; and households with combined tobacco products usage, 73.9%. Where only the youth respondent but no other household member(s) used tobacco, the measure of association (vs. tobacco-free households) was ~two-fold higher for vehicle SHS exposures (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 6.09; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 4.93–7.54 than for home SHS exposures (AOR = 3.16; 95%CI = 2.35–4.25). Conversely, where only household member(s) but not the youth respondent used tobacco, the measure of association was over two-fold higher for home SHS exposures (AOR = 22.15; 95%CI = 19.12–25.67) than for vehicle SHS exposure (AOR = 7.91; 95%CI = 6.96–8.98). In summary, nearly one-third of U.S. youth (7.50 million) were exposed to either home or vehicle SHS. Among non-tobacco-using youth with tobacco-using household member(s), the home was a dominant SHS exposure source; among tobacco-using youth with non-tobacco-using household member(s), a vehicle was a dominant exposure source, possibly peers'. Smoke-free environments, including homes and cars, can reduce youth SHS exposure.
Strip-crop rotations: yield spatial structure for spatially coincident and temporally subsequent corn and soybean production

Yield maps are probably the most common tool used in precision agriculture. Yield stability, measured by changes in spatial/map characteristics over years, is an area still requiring research. Our objective was to observe, characterize and explain changes in yield map spatial properties for two different crop sequences grown in the same field at the same time (strip-cropping): corn-soybean-corn (CSC) and soybean-corn-corn (SCC). Two fields were planted in alternating strips of corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) in 2008. Crop-strip positions were switched in 2009 and both fields were planted entirely to corn in 2010. Yield spatial structure for corn and soybean, within the same field and season, were generally similar. Spatial structure differed with seasonal climate. In a dry year, corn and soybean exhibited lower yield, higher coefficients of variation, smaller range, lower nugget to sill ratio and greater spatial structure than in a moist year. Seasonal weather was most important to yield spatial distribution, while crop species and crop sequence were less important – grown within the same field during the same season, and also across the same seasons. Dry seasons, rather than wet seasons, resulted in greater yield spatial structure and caused corn and soybean to exhibit similar relative yield structure. Corn after soybean exhibited greater yield and less yield spatial structure than corn after corn, indicating that rotation mitigated some effects of seasonal dry weather.
Engaging a Community Advisory Board to Inform an Exercise Intervention in Older African-American Couples

This paper describes our approach to forming and engaging a community advisory board (CAB) to assist in the development of a proposed exercise intervention pilot study. The intervention aimed to examine the effects of exercise on exercise adherence, the provision of partner support and receptivity to partner health influence, and cardiometabolic risk in older African-American romantic couples. CAB invitations were extended to local community members and leaders who had a stake in the health of the target population. Seven individuals accepted the invitation and attended at least one of two CAB meetings during which we proposed ideas for the exercise intervention pilot study, then solicited CAB input in four key areas related to the study including: (1) priority health concerns of the target population, (2) the intervention protocol and methodologies, (3) cultural relevance, and (4) sustainability. Two investigators jointly led both CAB meetings, which lasted approximately 3 h each. Recorded community feedback was summarized and coded using a thematic analysis approach. Themes were identified and agreed upon within the four areas identified above. Overall, the proposed study was well-received by the CAB and considered beneficial for and relevant to the target population. Although not all suggestions put forth by the CAB were feasible given the inherent limitations of pilot work, we made multiple study modifications as a result of CAB recommendations. Further, all CAB feedback helped inform plans to launch the intervention on a larger scale and were vital in ensuring that the pilot study was valued in the local community. Although community-based participatory research that originates within a community may be preferable, we demonstrate the utility of a community-partnered approach to intervention design in a vulnerable population. This model could assist researchers who wish to engage the local community to help develop a preliminary idea for a health-related intervention.
The "Foresty Way": My Mother's Brave Choice of Medical Aid in Dying.

I miss my mom, who died last year, and I want to tell the happy story of her death, or perhaps the story of her happy death through her choosing and accomplishing medical aid in dying. My mom was 85 when she died, had atypical presentation of lymphoma which took time to diagnose, and went through 3 painful months of surgery, radiation, and a single horrific round of chemotherapy. She suffered a lot. When she was in the hospital recovering from chemo, I witnessed 3 amazing doctors being true to core values of their profession. But the most profound aspect and gift of the events surrounding her death was the way in which making an informed choice gave my mom back her presence—allowing her both peace and power in the end of her life.
UTT: A Conceptual Model to Guide the Universal Design of Autonomous Vehicles:

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are closer to becoming a reality in changing the landscape of commercial and personal transportation. The launch of these vehicles come with the promise of improved road s...
Understanding AI Advertising From the Consumer Perspective: What Factors Determine Consumer Appreciation of AI-Created Advertisements?

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) technology has been used to create advertising messages. This study examined the factors that influence consumers’ overall appreciation of AI-created advertisements. The findings indicate that, in addition to its direct effect on consumer reactions to AI-created advertisements, consumers’ perceived objectivity of the general advertisement creation process positively influences machine heuristic—a rule of thumb that machines are more secure and trustworthy than humans. This effect boosted consumer appreciation of AI-created advertisements. Consumers’ perceived objectivity of advertisement creation negatively influenced perceived eeriness of AI advertising, which jeopardized consumer appreciation of AI-created advertisements. Consumers’ feelings of uneasiness with robots were found to have a positive influence on both machine heuristic and perceived eeriness of AI advertising.
Understanding Shakespeare through Socratic Questioning

Critical thinking and problem solving skills are essential to knowledge creation, discovery, and invention in twenty first century India. These skills are equally important for students of literature to read and interpret texts written in the remote past in order to relate them to the present. Socratic questioning is one tool that can be imparted to students so that they can raise questions instead of teachers raising questions and students answering them. By asking right type of questions students can hone their critical thinking and problem solving skills. It ensures their involvement in reading, reflecting, and discussion of texts. They can positively change the colonial epistemological dependency syndrome through decolonization of the mind by becoming theorists and critics in the future. The paper attempts to understand Shakespeare’s tragedies through Socratic questioning the issues that are not addressed or have no obvious solution.
Perinatal Outcomes among Women Identified by a Community Health Needs Assessment.

Objective The aim of the study is to compare perinatal outcomes for women with greater social needs, as identified by the Community Health Needs Assessment, to those of women living in other areas of the county. Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of pregnant women delivering at a large inner-city county hospital. Perinatal outcomes were analyzed for women living within a target area with substantial health disparities and social needs, and compared with those women living outside the target area. Statistical analysis included student's t-test, Chi square, and logistic regression. Results Between January 2015 and July 2020, 66,936 women delivered at Parkland hospital. Of these, 7,585 (11%) resided within the target area. These women were younger (26.8 ± 6.5 vs. 27.9 ± 6.4 years, p Conclusion Even among vulnerable populations, women in areas with worse health disparities and social needs are at greater risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. Efforts to achieve health equity will need to address social disparities. Key Points
The Microsociology of Aesthetic Evaluation: Selecting Runway Fashion Models

Fashion model selection is a targeted case of aesthetic evaluation. For almost 100 years—beginning with data which Herbert Blumer collected in the 1930s—scholars have tried to understand how models are selected. Most have taken a critical and structural approach. I rely instead on a microsociology which centers endogenous decision processes. It highlights the agency and constraints of situational perception and situational stratification, yielding a novel analysis of the casting encounter. Data comes from an ethnography of a fashion week in a semi-peripheral city. It includes backstage evaluations gathered during a stint as a casting agent. I find that agents surprisingly ignore faces, instead focusing on the embodied cues of height/heels, the walk, and body size. Sustained microsociological analysis opens a layered mode of perception highlighting the dynamics of time, attention, emotion, and situations.
Deutsche Außenpolitik in der Verflechtungsfalle

Die nach dem zweiten Weltkrieg entstandene transnationale Interdependenz und Globalisierung ist wegen des zunehmenden Konflikts mit nationaler Souveranitat und des Strebens nach demokratischer Kontrolle in der Krise. Deutschland ist wegen seiner gewachsenen Verantwortungen und seiner hohen Verflechtung mit der Ausenwelt als zweitgroste Exportnation besonders betroffen. Die Ukraine-Krise demonstriert sowohl die Grenzen der deutschen Politik der Unterstutzung von Interdependenz, indem Russland ihre Regeln bricht, als auch die Notwendigkeit, mittels einer Reduktion von Interdependenz das Verhalten dieses Staates zu beeinflussen.
Quasi-Equilibria of the Rotunno-Emanuel Tropical Cyclone Model

Long-term integrations using the Rotunno-Emanuel (RE) model demonstrate that given sufficient elapsed time the weak initial vortex specified by R E can also lead to tropical cyclogenesis, albeit at a slower growth rate. Thus the RE notion of the finite-amplitude nature of tropical cyclogenesis is valid only if the period of examination is limited to the first eight days. These results also show that, if initial vortex as specified by RE is used, prior to cyclogenesis the model state does not resemble the observed pre-genesis disturbances in the sense that there is no precipitation in the center of the disturbance. Another experiment using the same model but with the initial vortex replaced by a disturbance with a different structure shows that a state resembling the observed pre-genesis disturbances can be simulated and this state can lead to spontaneous cyclogenesis, a rapid transition between two quasi-equilibria. This spontaneous cyclogenesis is associated with the generation of a new convective region at large radius and its subsequent contraction, which reminds one of the observed eye-wall replacement, but the distinction from the latter is obvious.
La déprise de soi comme pratique de désubjectivation: Sur la notion de “stultitia” chez Michel Foucault

La notion de deprise joue un role central dans le traitement de la subjectivite chez Michel Foucault. Notre objectif est d’etablir que cette notion ne peut pas etre reduite a une economie du soi, comme il est communement admis par les commentateurs de son oeuvre. Dans ce sens, il faudrait la distinguer a la fois du souci de soi et de la pratique de la sagesse. De maniere positive, il s’agit de montrer que la deprise joue plutot comme modalite politique de desubjectivation. L’analyse de la stultitia (betise) chez Seneque nous permettra de montrer que la deprise est investie non pas comme modalite de subjectivation, mais comme pratique de disqualification de soi.
Effectiveness of Simulation Training on Anesthesia Provider Communication Skills

Review Objective: The objective of the review is to identify the best available evidence related to the effects of simulation training on communication skills of Anaesthesia providers Review questions: • What is the effectiveness of simulation training on communication and clarified roles in the operating room environment for Anaesthesia providers? • What is the effectiveness of simulation training on decreasing errors related to miscommunication in the operating room environment for Anaesthesia providers? Inclusion criteria: Types of participants: This review will consider studies that include simulation training utilizing communication and team training for anaesthesia providers, nurses or physicians as study participants that can be transferred to the hospital setting. Types of intervention(s)/phenomena of interest: The review will consider studies of any type of simulation training for anaesthesia providers, nurses or physicians utilizing communication and team training. Types of outcomes: Improved communication among team members is the primary outcome of interest. This can be measured by tools such as the Kramer and Schmalenberg Nurse-Physician Scale11 that rates physician-nurse interactions or the hand-off form 1 used in PACU to ensure critical information is included. A secondary outcome is decreases in errors related to miscommunication in the operating room environment for Anaesthesia providers.
Qualitative fuzzy sets: a comparison of three approaches

A real world fuzzy set should be able to tolerate "small amounts" of perturbations. There are three approaches. Thiele's (1999; 2000) approach, observing some weak points of Lin's earlier versions, proposed a refined approach based on Kripke style semantics; his results, but independently, are essentially applying Lin's (1996) view using Lin's (1998) new notion of neighborhood systems. A type II fuzzy set realizes the idea by representing each grade by a fuzzy number. Lin's approach represents a fuzzy set by a "fuzzy set" of membership functions. Lin did this in two ways; one by granulation and another by "physical" perturbation. In summary, Thiele's approach has a good Kripke style semantics. Type II fuzzifies the grade; its advantage is simplicity. Lin's approach fuzzifies the membership function; its advantage is to formalize the intuitive "physical" perturbation. The three approaches are not equivalent, but do have common intersection. Three results are discussed in different universes (categories).
An alphabet of progress: Presidential address to the New York Obstetrical Society

As the topic of my address, I have chosen the progress of our specialty during the 26-year period from 1956 to 1982. The year 1956 was very important for our specialty, as you will come to realize. Perhaps I should use the term development rather than progress because not all the development has been progressive. However, rather than describe it in chronologic order, I shall use the alphabet as my cue. The remarkable development of our specialty will leave me only a single letter to talk about the future, but then, as a Danish humorist once said, it is very difficult to prophesy, particularly about the future. I shall show you how much New York has contributed to the development of the practice of obstetrics and gynecology, and, laying aside my usual modesty, I shall not avoid mention of my own involvement.
U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle-protein interactions are revealed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by in vivo competition assays.

Two highly conserved regions of the 586-nucleotide yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) U1 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) can be mutated or deleted with little or no effect on growth rate: the universally conserved loop II (corresponding to the metazoan A loop) and the yeast core region (X. Liao, L. Kretzner, B. Seraphin, and M. Rosbash, Genes Dev. 4:1766-1774, 1990). To examine the contribution of these regions to U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (snRNP) activity, a competitor U1 gene, encoding a nonfunctional U1 snRNA molecule, was introduced into a number of strains carrying a U1 snRNA gene with loop II or yeast core mutations. The presence of the nonfunctional U1 gene lowered the growth rate of these mutant strains but not wild-type strains, consistent with the notion that mutant U1 RNAs are less active than wild-type U1 snRNAs. A detailed analysis of the U1 snRNA levels and half-lives in a number of merodiploid strains suggests that these mutant U1 snRNAs interact with U1 snRNP proteins less well than do their wild-type counterparts. Competition for protein factors during snRNP assembly could account for a number of previous observations in both yeast and mammalian cells.
Brain iron and behavior of rats are not normalized by treatment of iron deficiency anemia during early development.

Previous studies in rats have shown that iron deficiency anemia (IDA) during brain development results in lower brain iron concentration and behavioral deficits that persist despite iron treatment after weaning. The present study used a developmental IDA model to determine whether earlier iron treatment might normalize brain iron concentration and behavior. One and one-half week periods of IDA were instituted during early or late gestation or lactation by providing low iron diet to adolescent rat dams and oral iron treatment at the end of the anemia period. The iron deficiency anemia of dams during gestation and lactation resulted in significantly lower pup brain iron concentrations at 3 mo of age (15-33% lower than control), despite iron treatment of dams as early as mid-gestation. Dam IDA during lactation lowered pup brain iron concentration significantly more than IDA during gestation (21% lower). All IDA groups had significantly poorer performance and lower activity compared with controls on a screen of home orientation at 8 d of age. Activity on this test was significantly less than controls at 12 d of age. Homing ability on d 12 and 16 and activity on d 16 did not differ from controls. Groups that were anemic around delivery had significant behavioral differences at 3 mo which included less defecation in the open field and greater swim distance in the Morris maze. These results raise the concern that iron sufficiency throughout the course of brain development is crucial to the achievement of normal brain iron concentration and behavior in rats.
The Production of Translocations in Drosophila Oocytes

Attached-X female Drosophila oocytes of various ages were irradiated, and the frequency of detachment deter mined in females of various ages. There is an increase in radiation sensttivity of oocytes with aging up to three days, after which there is no evident increase. A two hit formation of detachments ts found both in young and oid oocytes. Dose fractionation experiments show breaks in stage 7 rejoin in about ten minutes, whiie those in stage 14 do not rejoin untii fertilizatton. There is evidently a change in the proportions of the various kinds of exchanges obtained when females are aged before treatment. Speculations are made as to the possibie roie of cytochrome oxidase activity in the changing sensitivity of oocytes. (auth)
Regulation of motor neuron dendrite growth by NMDA receptor activation

Spinal motor neurons undergo great changes in morphology, electrophysiology and molecular composition during development. Some of this maturation occurs postnatally when limbs are employed for locomotion, suggesting that neuronal activity may influence motor neuron development. To identify features of motor neurons that might be regulated by activity we first examined the structural development of the rat motor neuron cell body and dendritic tree labeled with cholera toxin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase. The motor neuron cell body and dendrites in the radial and rostrocaudal axes grew progressively over the first month of life. In contrast, the growth of the dendritic arbor/cell and number of dendritic branches was biphasic with overabundant growth followed by regression until the adult pattern was achieved. We next examined the influence of neurotransmission on the development of these motor neuron features. We found that antagonism of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptor inhibited cell body growth and dendritic branching in early postnatal life but had no effect on the maximal extent of dendrite growth in the radial and rostrocaudal axes. The effects of NMDA receptor antagonism on motor neurons and their dendrites was temporally restricted; all of our anatomic measures of dendrite structure were resistant to NMDA receptor antagonism in adults. These results suggest that the establishment of mature motor neuron dendritic architecture results in part from dendrite growth in response to afferent input during a sensitive period in early postnatal life.
Opioid Antagonists in the Treatment of Pruritus from Cholestatic Liver Disease

The theory that pruritus from cholestasis is due to increased opiate tone appears to have merit, based on the results of the clinical trials presented above. However, although opioid antagonists relieve itching to a large extent, the itching usually is not abolished completely. Several factors may explain this lack of complete relief. The doses used in the clinical trials may have been insufficient, or duration of therapy may have been short. It is also possible that nonopioid mechanisms contribute to pruritus from cholestasis. Although effective, naloxone therapy has several limitations for long-term use, including a short half-life and large first-pass metabolism, which necessitates parenteral administration. Intravenous administration is clearly not practical for a chronic disease. Nalmefene treatment has several advantages over naloxone, with both prolonged duration of action and increased potency at the opioid receptor level. However, nalmefene is available only as a parenteral product in the US. The nalmefene studies are limited by their small sample size and short follow-up periods. Additionally, two of the studies are available in abstract form only. Based on two clinical studies, naltrexone therapy appears promising. Gradual dose titration from 25 mg/d up to a maximum of 50 mg/d may minimize withdrawal reactions. Further long-term clinical trials using objective measures that compare opioid antagonists with other therapies are needed to clearly establish the role of these agents. Potential tachyphylaxis from long-term use of opioid antagonists requires further investigation. Combination therapy may also be required, since monotherapy with either opioid antagonists or other therapies have failed to completely relieve the pruritus caused by cholestasis. Given the potential for severe withdrawal reactions, opioid antagonists should be reserved for patients refractory to other treatments.
Predicting resist sensitivity to chemical flare effects though use of exposure density gradient method

Chemical flare has been shown to be a process limiter for patterns that are surrounded by areas of unexposed resist for certain chemically amplified resists. Using a pattern known to be susceptible to chemical flare effect a method was developed and tested on several materials. Details of the testing patterns, consisting of placements of small and large pattern density areas set to provide multiple degrees of resist loading; and a second level of loading variation achieved by selective exposure locations of those patterns across the wafer are given. Descriptions of the determination of slopes from linear trend-lines of the critical dimensions responses can be used to provide a gauge for internal evaluations as well as feedback to the vendors for chemical flare sensitivity.
In the company of colleagues: An interim report on the development of a community of teacher learners

Abstract This article reports on a professional development project that sought to establish a community of learners among high school teachers. Teachers from the English and history departments at a large urban high school met twice a month for two-and-a-half years. Project activities included reading and discussing pieces of fiction and history, developing an interdisciplinary humanities curriculum, and video-taping and viewing classroom instruction. Initial findings point to an enhanced collegiality among faculty within and across departments; reduced teacher isolation; and the development of an intellectual community for teachers within the high school. However, teachers at different points in their career trajectory were differentially affected by this project. Based on our preliminary findings, we offer implications for teacher induction and socialization, and on-going professional development.
Implicit memory and the maintenance of function in dementia: The complementarity between mind and body

Since the time of Nightingale the discipline of nursing across the world has recognized that the health of the mind and the body are inextricably linked. With the advent of Postmodernism in the mid to late 20th century, the context of care and such mental health topics as patient's beliefs and desires were restored to their rightful place. Dementia was no longer viewed as a hopeless dead-end. The latest Neomodernist period of science is seen as requiring the use of physical as well as mental means to support health.
Stability of Average Intelligence

(1964). Stability of Average Intelligence. The Journal of Genetic Psychology: Vol. 105, No. 1, pp. 105-111.
Mechanisms of ventilator-induced lung injury in premature infants

Mechanical ventilation in premature infants may injure the lungs or exacerbate the pre-existing condition that led to the need for mechanical ventilation. Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) may be associated with alveolar structural damage, pulmonary oedema, inflammation, and fibrosis. This injury is not uniform and is associated with surfactant dysfunction. Recovery from VILI includes clearance of pulmonary oedema and alveolar structural repair. Mechanisms of VILI include high airway pressure (barotrauma), large gas volumes (volutrauma), alveolar collapse and re-expansion (atelectotrauma), and increased inflammation (biotrauma). Injury to the lung may lead to other organ dysfunction. The premature lung is more susceptible to VILI, and lung injury may exacerbate the disturbance of lung development that occurs after birth. Therapies targeting specific processes in lung injury, and which complement the protective ventilator management strategies to avoid atelectotrauma and lung overdistension are an area of active research.
Scoring difficulty of the WPPSI geometric design subtest

The study investigated the level of agreement among graduate students (N = 14) and school psychologists (N = 18) in scoring drawings for the 10 designs on the WPPSI Geometric Design subtest. Considerable scoring disagreement occurred within each group. Unanimous agreement was found for only 11 out of 50 drawing items among the graduate students and for only 7 out of 50 drawing items among the school psychologists. While the raters were generally confident of their ratings, there also was a significant positive relationship between level of scoring agreement and confidence ratings (rho = .76, p < .05). Scoring disagreement was greater for the drawings on designs 6 through 9 than on other designs. The results suggest that careful study of the WPPSI scoring criteria is needed in order to achieve scoring proficiency.
β -Catenin activity negatively regulates bacteria-induced inflammation

Wild-type (WT) Salmonella typhimurium causes acute intestinal inflammation by activating the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) pathway. Interestingly, WT Salmonella infection also causes degradation of beta-catenin, a regulator of cellular proliferation. Regulation of beta-catenin and the inhibitor of NF-kappaB, IkappaBalpha, is strikingly similar, involving phosphorylation at identical sites, ubiquitination by the same E3 ligase, and subsequent proteasomal degradation. However, how beta-catenin directly regulates the NF-kappaB pathway during bacteria-induced inflammation in vivo is unknown. Using streptomycin-pretreated mice challenged with Salmonella, we demonstrated that WT Salmonella stimulated beta-catenin degradation and decreased the physical association between NF-kappaB and beta-catenin. Accordingly, WT Salmonella infection decreased the expression of c-myc, a beta-catenin-regulated target gene, and increased the levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha, the NF-kappaB-regulated target genes. Bacterial infection directly stimulated phosphorylation of beta-catenin, both in vivo and in vitro. Closer examination revealed that glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta) kinase activity was increased in response to WT Salmonella, whereas non-virulent Salmonella had no effect. siRNA of GSK-3beta was able to stabilize IkappaBalpha in response to WT Salmonella. Pretreatment for 24 h with LiCl, an inhibitor of GSK-3beta, reduced WT Salmonella induced IL-8 secretion. Additionally, cells expressing constitutively active beta-catenin showed IkappaBalpha stabilization and inhibition of NF-kappaB activity not only after WT Salmonella infection but also after commensal bacteria (Escherichia coli F18) and TNF-alpha treatment. This study suggests a new role for beta-catenin as a negative regulator of inflammation.