cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of Coronary Artery Disease in the Pediatric Cardiac Transplant Patient

Little data exist to identify pediatric patients who have developed transplant coronary artery vasculopathy (CAV). Transplant patients do not exhibit the usual signs of coronary disease, making diagnosis more difficult. The aim of this study is to assess the use of myocardial perfusion imaging to identify CAV in transplant patients and to derive an incidence of occurrence. We studied pediatric cardiac transplant recipients who have undergone myocardial perfusion imaging on a routine basis. All patients from September 1999 through November 2004 with nuclear perfusion scans were included. Twenty patients age 7-24 years (mean: 12.7), 11 male and 9 female, were studied by SPECT technetium 99M tetrofosmin imaging. Sixteen of the 20 patients were studied based on a newly instituted protocol for surveillance. Transplant was 1-14 years (mean: 7.9) earlier. Patients were also studied by stress echocardiography. Six of 20 patients (30%) had a positive perfusion scan. Ages ranged from 8 to 18 years (mean: 12). Time from transplant to positive scans ranged from 1 to 9 years (mean: 5.6). One patient showed the same perfusion defect as 2 years earlier. Five patients with positive nuclear perfusion scans showed the abnormality on the initial study; one had a previous negative study 6 months earlier. Four patients who demonstrated ischemia with exercise showed resolution at rest; the other two had no resting study. Five of these six patients with abnormal perfusion scans had negative stress echocardiograms. Only one patient identified with coronary involvement reported symptoms (exertional dyspnea). Hypertension and rejection episodes were similar in all patients and in those with positive nuclear scans. Of the six patients with positive nuclear perfusion scans, two demonstrated coronary disease at cardiac catheterization. Two patients with coronary disease at catheterization had normal nuclear perfusion scans; one of two had a normal stress echo. When three imaging modalities were used, the incidence of CAV was 30%. Symptoms in pediatric patients with CAV are seldom reported. Unfortunately, coronary arteriopathy occurs frequently and might be found as early as 1 year posttransplant. Six of 20 patients had abnormal perfusion; only 1 had any other noninvasive marker. Importantly, not all patients with CAV were identified by perfusion imaging, stress echocardiography, or coronary injection alone. Therefore, transplant patients need continued evaluation by multiple modalities for detection of developing coronary lesions.
Absolute interferometric test of cylindrical wavefront with a fiber optic

A method of absolute testing of a cylindrical wavefront is presented. The method is a merging of the random ball test method with the fiber optic reference test. The random ball test assumes a large number of interferograms of a good quality sphere with errors that are statistically distributed such that the average of the errors goes to zero. The fiber optic reference test utilizes a specially processed optical fiber to provide a high quality reference wave from an incident line focus from the cylindrical wave under test. A simulation and preliminary experiment results are presented which indicate that this method can significantly reduce the effects of fiber surface errors, yielding more accurate cylindrical wave measurements.
17β-Estradiol Metabolism by Hamster Hepatic Microsomes: Comparison of Catechol Estrogen O-Methylation with Catechol Estrogen Oxidation and Glutathione Conjugation

Catechol estrogens, the cytochromes P450 mediated metabolites of 17β-estradiol, undergo further metabolism either via catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) catalyzed methylation, or by oxidation and subsequent thioether formation with glutathione (GSH). Secondary metabolites of 17β-estradiol arising from both these metabolic pathways have been identified in vivo. However, the relative contribution of catechol O-methylation, and catechol oxidation followed by GSH conjugation, to the disposition of the catechol estrogens is unclear. We have therefore quantified both pathways of catechol estrogen disposition, generated in situ from 17β-estradiol, in hamster hepatic microsomes. 17β-Estradiol was readily converted to 2- and 4-hydroxy-17β-estradiol, both of which were effectively methylated in the presence of COMT (300 units/mL). Addition of GSH (50 μM−1 mM) to microsomal incubations resulted in the formation of four catechol estrogen-derived GSH conjugates. Three conjugates of 2-hydroxy-17β-estradiol were identi...
ECLIPS: An extended clinical laboratory information processing system☆

Abstract The clinical laboratory is regarded as a component of the medical care system extending from physician to laboratory staff and back to physician. From this concept a computer-based system of laboratory information is derived, emphasizing: (1) total laboratory responsibility for the test and its request, and (2) physician-oriented output reports.
A Titanothere from the Type Sespe of California.

In previous papers [1], published mostly in these PROCEEDINGS, have appeared some of the paleontological results of explorations conducted in the Sespe deposits of Southern California. While the field efforts south of the Santa Clara Valley, Ventura County, were rewarded by rather startling results, no small amount of irritation was felt because of failure to find fossil vertebrate remains in the Sespe at the type locality north of the Santa Clara Valley. For, as is now known, the Sespe is not of same age throughout its stratigraphic thickness or at the several localities where fossil mammals have been found in it. It is, in fact, a series of beds that range in age from at least the upper Eocene to apparently the lower Miocene. Thus it seems especially important to determine by means of vertebrate evidence the age relationships of the type Sespe on Sespe Creek to that portion of the Sespe whose age is already established south of the Santa Clara Valley. With this problem in mind the rugged terrain north of the Ojai Valley, Ventura County, and in the immediate vicinity of Sespe Gorge was critically examined during the summer of 1937 by a field party of the California Institute of Technology. The outcome of this work was the discovery of titanothere remains in the lower portion of the Sespe, including a palate with teeth permitting a comparison with the titanotheres known from lower Tertiary horizons of southern California.
An Order-Statistics Based Matching Strategy for Circuit Components in Data Converters

Random mismatch errors in matching-critical circuit components cause variability in component parameters, which in turn degrade linearity performance and parametric yield of data converters realized by these components. Utilizing results from the area of order statistics, this paper introduces a novel random mismatch compensation theory called ordered element matching. By pairing a small parameter component with a large one, it effectively reduces the standard deviation of the mismatch errors by a factor of at least 6.5 in a reasonably sized component population. An order-statistics based outlier elimination strategy further improves the standard deviation and more importantly reduces the differential nonlinearity by a factor of 2 or more. Building on these, a new technique called complete-folding is developed, which selectively converts a unary-weighted array to a binary-weighted array and consequently reduces the differential nonlinearity and integral nonlinearity by another factor of more than 3 and 8, respectively. Monte Carlo simulations are performed in a high-resolution data converter design to quantitatively compare the matching performance achieved by complete-folding technique with state of the art. Significant improvements on linearity performance and design cost are obtained.
Yoshitoshi's Women: The Woodblock-Print Series Fuzoku Sanjuniso

Esteemed woodblock printer Taiso Yoshitoshi (1839-1892) is best known for designs of Japan's legendary past, for violent and bloody images, and for his images of women. Fuzoku sanjuniso, Thirty-two Aspects of Daily Life, was issued in 1888. The series followed a traditional format: a lighthearted
Genetics of Circadian Rhythm Disorders

The circadian timing system is ubiquitous to nearly all organisms on earth. The 24-hour cycle of light/ dark exhibited by the solar day is reflected in a myriad of circadian rhythms in many living organisms. External environmental changes in the 24-hour day synchronize the various physiologic, biochemical, and behavioral processes in a predictable pattern. The mammalian circadian pacemaker, or biological clock, is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus. This circadian clock synchronizes internal biological processes to external time cues and maintains the temporal organization of these processes with each other. This type of circadian organization with respect to the external environment establishes temporal categories in which animals are active or at rest, and may have evolved in response to different needs of organisms (eg, availability of food) and reduced competition for resources. One such circadian rhythm is the timing of the sleep/wake cycle. The daily patterns of light and dark signals entrain the circadian clock as to the appropriate time for sleep. As a diurnal species, human beings generally prefer to schedule activities during the daytime and sleep at night. Diurnal preference, the proclivity to schedule activity for certain times of the day, varies in the general population. Individuals who prefer to be active in the early part of the day (morning types) are often called larks and those who have a preference for nighttime activity (evening types) are known as owls. Many individuals, if not most, have a neither type diurnal preference. In the past 40 years several questionnaires have been developed and used to subjectively assess diurnal preference. Although they may have been originally developed to identify workers’ tolerance of and abilities to adjust to changing work schedules, these questionnaires have become valuable research tools in examining the differences underlying morningness or eveningness and various influences on sleep timing. Morning and evening types have been shown to exhibit differences in circadian phase and phase angle of entrainment of body temperature and hormonal rhythms; in habitual timing of sleep and sleep propensity; and in performance measures. Diurnal preference is influenced by several environmental factors, such as work, school, and social schedules, but has also been shown to have a genetic component. Numerous animal studies have shown that like diurnal preference, other expressions of circadian behavior have a genetic basis. The investigation of circadian mutants and homologs of circadian genes, originally identified in nonmammalian organisms, led to identification of the genetic components of the mammalian circadian pacemaker. This molecular mechanism consists of autoregulatory feedback loops of genes that regulate circadian timing at the levels of transcription, translation, and posttranslation; and shows remarkable conservation in many species,
Colorimetric Method for Determination of Guanazole in Blood and Urine

A colorimetric method, based on diazotization and coupling, for the determination of guanazole in aqueous solution, blood, and urine is described. The average relative standard deviation of the method is about 0.9%. Determination in blood involves precipitation of proteins with trichloroacetic acid and diazotization and coupling of guanazole in the filtrate. Determination in urine involves separation of guanazole from the diazotizable, naturally occurring urinary aromatic amines using ion-exchange chromatography.
A Multi-State Mechanism of Nucleotide Selection in DNA Polymerase I Revealed by Single-Molecule FRET

To carry out accurate and rapid DNA synthesis, DNA polymerases must quickly sample among incoming nucleotides and discriminate against incorrect ones (not complementary to the template base). Precise and finely tuned molecular mechanisms regulating this process remain to be fully explained. An existing model based on crystallographic data suggests that a mobile segment of the protein known as the fingers domain can rapidly switch between an open and closed conformation, thereby fitting a complementary incoming nucleotide and rejecting non-fits before the chemical step of nucleotide incorporation. Exactly how the nascent base pair is sensed by the polymerase remains nebulous. We were able to gain insights into the workings of E. coli DNA polymerase I (Klenow fragment, Pol I KF) during the process of the nucleotide selection using a single-molecule FRET technique. To detect the conformational rearrangements around the nascent base pair, we specifically labeled a surface-immobilized primer-template with Alexa 488 (donor) and the introduced cysteine residue 744 on the mobile segment of the fingers domain of Pol I KF with Alexa 594 (acceptor). TIRF microscopy with FRET detection was used to monitor the conformational dynamics of individual Pol-DNA complexes in real-time, revealing that the protein rapidly samples three key states during nucleotide selection - open, closed and an intermediate “ajar” conformation. A correct nucleotide “smoothly” passes through the intermediate ajar check-point to the closed state, while an incorrect nucleotide is “detained” at the check-point and rejected. Our results also reveal pronounced differences in the kinetic stability of the Pol-DNA complex in the presence of correct or incorrect nucleotides. A three-state reaction pathway in nucleotide selection as we present here further unravels a high fidelity phenomenon, distinctive of DNA polymerases. Supported by NIH grant GM044060.
Geology of the islas revillagigedo, mexico: 1. Birth and development of Volcán Bárcena, Isla San Benedicto (1)

On August 1, 1952, a new volcano named Barcena was born on Isla San Benedicto, which is located about 300 nautical miles off the west coast of Mexico. A pyroclastic cone nearly 1100 feet above sea level was formed by August 2. By mid-September cone formation had ceased and a small lava plug capped the magma conduit in the crater. After a period of quiescence from mid-September until early November activity resumed and blocky, soda trachyte lava formed two domes in Barcena crater during November and early December. On December 8 lava flowed through the base of the volcano and formed a delta nearly one-half mile out to sea by the end of February, 1953. All activity, except solfataric steaming, stopped by this date.
Fabrication using filler controlled pyrolysis and characterization of polysilazane PDC RTD arrays on quartz wafers

Abstract A fabrication process is developed for producing resistance-temperature detectors (RTD) made from a polymer derived ceramic (PDC). To fabricate the composite ceramic RTDs, screen printing of the polymer on quartz substrates is used. To overcome the shrinkage problem of PDCs, active filler powders are added to the polysilazane polymer before pyrolysis. With 60 wt% of Al or 80 wt% of TiB 2 powder, the linear shrinkage of the ceramic composite was reduced to near zero which enabled it to survive on a quartz substrate without any damage. The electrical resistance of the gold-electroded sensors was measured at elevated temperature. XRD and SEM analysis were conducted to determine the composition of the ceramic composite RTDs.
A new synthetic approach to the polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols.

The three-carbon α,α‘-annulation of a sterically hindered cyclic β-keto ester can be achieved by alkynylation with 3,3-diethoxypropyne, syn reduction of the alkyne with Co2(CO)8 and Et3SiH, and an intramolecular aldol reaction. The method is potentially useful for the synthesis of nemorosone, hyperforin, and other polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols.
The chemical potential of magnons in quasi-equilibrium

There have been many questions raised as to the existence of a non-zero chemical potential in a system of quasiparticles, such as magnons, which can be created and destroyed in an open system. In this paper, we spell out the reasons that there is, in fact, a non-zero chemical potential for magnons, and that it can be determined from magnetic aftereffect experiments.
Optical gate realization by laser crossing in thin-film semiconductors on glass

We investigated a novel possibility to attain all-optical logical gates. The host of the device was a thin-film semiconductor (CdS, GaAs, InP) on glass produced by various methods (pulsed-laser deposition and metal organic chemical vapor deposition). In the thin-film two visible laser beams, the primary and secondary ray, were crossed in the same spot. In this way, the secondary beam caused a transmission decrease in the primary beam. Laser crossing is an extremely undemanding concept based on electronic absorption alterations. Apparently, every semiconductor can be used for laser crossed all-optical logics and, in contrary to other semiconductor based concepts, laser crossing does not demand specific materials, material qualities or nonlinear features. The unmatched overall simplicity and possible THz operations recommend laser crossing for the realization of all-optical digital devices.
The under- and over-diagnosis of mania in children and adolescents

Abstract Since 1960 there has been a notable increase in interest in the occurrence of bipolar disorder among children and adolescents. This increase mirrors a rise in interest in major affective disorders in adults and in the growth of pharmacologic treatment with lithium carbonate and tricyclic antidepressants. However, progress in the area of children's affective disorders has tended to lag behind growth of knowledge in studies of adult populations. This paper discusses aspects of the difficulties in accurate identification of mania among children and adolescents.
A field survey of transformer oil quality

REDUCTION of power transformer insulation by the recently recommended two full basic insulation levels1 has placed renewed emphasis on oil quality. The design of corona-free transformers has eliminated the use of sharpedged electrodes in highly stressed locations, favoring the more uniform dielectric field conditions. Because contamination in these uniform fields has a much greater influence on dielectric strength that in nonuniform fields, the question of oil quality is of further importance.
Single wall carbon nanotube/bis carboxylic acid-ICG as asensitive contrast agent for in vivo tumor imaging inphotoacoustic tomography

In this study, we present a novel photoacoustic contrast agent which is based on bis-carboxylic acid derivative of Indocyanine green (ICG) covalently conjugated to single-wall carbon nanotubes (ICG/SWCNT). Covalently attaching ICG to the functionalized SWCNT provides a more robust system that delivers much more ICG to the tumor site. The detection sensitivity of the new contrast agent in mouse tumor model is demonstrated in vivo by our custom built photoacoustic imaging system. PAT summation signal is defined to show the long-term light absorption of tumor areas in ICG injected mice and ICG/SWCNT injected mice. It is shown that ICG is able to provide 33% enhancement at approximately 20 minutes peak response time referred to pre-injection PAT summation level, while ICG/SWCNT provides 128% enhancement at 80 minutes and even higher enhancement of 196% at the end point of experiments (120 minutes on average). Additionally, the ICG/SWCNT enhancement was mainly observed at the tumor periphery as confirmed by fluorescence images of the tumor samples. This feature is highly valuable in guiding surgeons to assess tumor boundaries and dimensions in vivo and improve surgical resection of tumors for achieving clean tumor margins.
Is an 192Ir permanent seed implant feasible for prostate brachytherapy

Abstract Purpose: 125I permanent seed brachytherapy for prostate cancer produces good clinical outcomes and limits radiation exposure to medical staff and patients' families. However, 125I seeds cost thousands of dollars per implant. An encapsulated 192Ir permanent seed possibly could cost less than $10. Could inexpensive permanent 192Ir seeds be used for prostate implants? Methods and Materials: We review the radiobiology of permanent implants, calculate the 192Ir permanent seed air kerma strength (activity) required, simulate 125I and 192Ir seed implants and mixtures thereof, calculate exposure rates near simulated 192Ir prostate patients, calculate potential radiation exposure to medical staff and family members, review patient release regulations, and analyze the potential cost benefits of using 192Ir permanent seed implants. Results: Low air kerma strength (
Advancements in cross-layer wireless multimedia communications

Summary form only given. Despite their low-complexity and (perceived) efficiency, many traditional wireless communication and networking approaches for handling errors and losses are far from being optimum. For example, popular wireless LANpsilas, such as 802.11 systems, heavily rely on retransmission based schemes for handling corrupted packets. These schemes waste precious wireless bandwidth when discarding packets that contain mostly good data. In this tutorial, new advancements in the development of cross-layer wireless communications that are particularly tailored for multimedia applications will be covered. New cross-layer frameworks for handling errors and losses over wireless channels will be described. In particular, a framework that is based on a cross-layer design with side information (CLDS) will be described. The benefits and limitations of cross-layer side information for combating errors in a wireless environment will be discussed. Capacity improvements (in information-theoretic sense) due to CLDS protocols will be highlighted and compared with the capacity of current popular schemes (802.11 based MAC protocols). Unlike traditional wireless link-layer methods that shift reliability and stability functions to other layers, new approaches for reliable and stable link-layer wireless channels are being developed. The impact of these approaches on both realtime video applications and non-realtime TCP-based services will be highlighted.
A Laboratory and Field Evaluation of a Portable Immunoassay Test for Triazine Herbicides in Environmental Water Samples

Abstract The usefulness and sensitivity, of a portable immunoassay test for the semiquantitative field screening of water samples was evaluated by means of laboratory and field studies. Laboratory results indicated that the tests were useful for the determination of atrazine concentrations of 0.1 to 1.5 μg/L. At a concentration of 1 μg/L, the relative standard deviation in the difference between the regression line and the actual result was about 40 percent. The immunoassay was less sensitive and produced similar errors for other triazine herbicides. After standardization, the test results were relatively insensitive to ionic content and variations in pH (range, 4 to 10), mildly sensitive to temperature changes, and quite sensitive to the timing of the final incubation step, variances in timing can be a significant source of error. Almost all of the immunoassays predicted a higher atrazine concentration in water samples when compared to results of gas chromatography. If these tests are used as a semiquant...
Thymocyte motility : mutants, movies and migration patterns

Developing T cells are highly motile and undergo long-range migrations in the thymus as part of their developmental program. In the past two years, significant advances have been made in understanding the nature of the signals that control the entry of thymocyte progenitors into the thymus and the exit of mature thymocytes from the thymus. Progress has also been made in identifying the chemokine signals that control intrathymic migration patterns. In addition, the recent application of two-photon laser scanning microscopy has made it possible to make real-time observations of thymocytes within the three-dimensional environment of the thymus, and has shed new light on the relationship between positive selection and thymocyte migration.
Superposed Geologic Data as an Exploration Tool: ABSTRACT

The successful seeker for new petroleum reserves must be guided by careful and detailed analysis of geologic conditions in areas of known petroleum accumulation. Superposition of stratigraphic and structural features on a single map facilitates interpretation and analysis of the complex geologic framework associated with the accumulation of petroleum. Areas of petroleum accumulation, outlined by drilling, can be defined by a series of superposed geologic situations. The superposed factors that define an area of petroleum accumulation will vary as the geologic framework changes; hence, the factors to be superposed must be chosen only after careful consideration and experiment. Extension of the superposed components beyond the area of known accumulation may reveal favorable areas for future exploration. Some areas of proved petroleum accumulation in Kansas, Utah, and New Mexico seem to be definable by superposed geologic data. Projection of these superposed components reveals areas that may be favorable for the accumulation of petroleum. End_of_Article - Last_Page 428------------
Design of a Versatile ESQ Transport System

A versatile precision beam transport channel was built with inexpensive parts requiring minimum precision machining. The critical items, an optical bench and sliding bases are commercially available standard items. The only important precision machining is illustrated in Fig. 6, where a small section of an optical bench is used as a quadrupole assembly holding fixture. With this type of fixturing there is no loss of precision during the transfer of the quadrupole assembly from the EDM setup onto the final assembly, other than the manufacturer-specified mounting and dismounting tolerance. Displacement measurements of the pole tips taken on ten different quadrupole assemblies determined that RMS displacement in the "x" direction was .000307? and in the "y" direction was .000290?. The actual performance of this system will be presented in other papers at this conference by A. W. Maschke and E. F. Meier.
Intravascular effect in velocity-selective arterial spin labeling: the choice of inflow time and cutoff velocity.

Abstract Velocity-selective arterial spin labeling (VS-ASL) tags spins on a basis of flow velocity, instead of spatial distribution that has been commonly adopted in conventional ASL techniques. VS-ASL can potentially generate tags that are very close to the imaging plane and whereby avoid the error source of transit delay (δt) variation independent of inflow time (TI). In practice, however, TI of VS-ASL should still be chosen with caution with respect to intravascular signal and cutoff velocity (Vc). The presented study takes advantage of multiple TI and Vc to systematically investigate the intravascular effect. Results demonstrate the presence of significant signal from large vessels in VS-ASL images for Vc down to 4 cm/s. For perfusion measurement in human brain, low Vc (
Spatial mapping of polarized light transmission in the central rabbit cornea.

Abstract In this paper polarized light transmission measurements are made under conditions that closely approximate the physiological state in order to probe lamellar structure in the central cornea of New Zealand white rabbits. The results are interpreted with the aid of a newly developed theory (published elsewhere) in which the cornea is modeled as stacked birefringent layers corresponding to the lamellae. The theory enables predictions of the statistical properties of lamellar ordering based on characteristics of the transmission of polarized light. The experimental results are consistent with a structure in which a number of lamellae have a fixed azimuthal orientation (i.e. about an axis normal to the corneal surface), whereas the remainder are essentially randomly oriented. Comparisons with the theoretical predictions are consistent with a model in which the preferred direction in the apical region of the cornea does not vary significantly among rabbits; and the preferred lamellar orientation direction determined for the population measured here is very close to that suggested in previous experiments on a smaller number of rabbits. Mapping experiments using a new goniometric holder showed that the preferential order at the apical region is closely preserved throughout the central ∼4mm diameter optical zone in individual corneas.
Managing the pneumonectomy space after extrapleural pneumonectomy: postoperative intrathoracic pressure monitoring.

Objective: Rapid fluid evacuation of the pneumonectomy space can cause ipsilateral mediastinal shift, contralateral lung hyperexpansion, compromised caval blood return and a precipitous drop in cardiac output. Conversely, rapid fluid accumulation can cause contralateral mediastinal shift with compression of the remaining lung and respiratory insufficiency. In this retrospective analysis, we evaluate the efficacy of intrathoracic pressure monitoring and intermittent fluid aspiration to manage the pneumonectomy space in the early postoperative period following extrapleural pneumonectomy. Methods: Prior to chest closure, a 14F Rob-Nel catheter was placed in the pneumonectomy space and connected to pressure tubing to monitor ipsilateral intrathoracic pressure continuously. Central venous pressure monitoring and serial chest Xrayswereperformedaccordingtousualintensivecareroutine.Pneumonectomyspacefluidwasaspiratedintermittentlywhentherewasincrease in intrathoracic pressure, refractory hypotension, mediastinal shift on chest X-ray, or clinical decline. Postoperative imaging was re-evaluated retrospectively for confirmation of mediastinal shift by a senior radiologist. Results: From January to December 2008, 47 patients underwent extrapleural pneumonectomy for pleural mesothelioma (median age 65 years with range 34—79 years, 77% male). Twenty (43%) patients had leftsided disease and 32 (68%) received local heated intra-operative cisplatin-based chemotherapy. The median baseline pneumonectomy space pressure was 3 cm H2O (range: 6 to +12). The median amount of fluid withdrawn over the first 2 days postoperatively was 300 cc (range: 0— 1980 cc). Thirty-one (69%) patients had minimal, if any, change in mediastinal position during the first 2 postoperative days with intermittent drainage performed when the pneumonectomy space pressure rose. Eleven (25%) patients had increasing contralateral shift, four of whom had return of the mediastinum to baseline during this time period. The median fluid drained from the four patients whose contralateral shift resolved was 290 cc (range: 220—800 cc) compared to 200 cc (range: 150—480 cc) from the seven patients whose contralateral shift remained, but this difference did not reach significance (p = 0.365). Conclusions: Intrathoracic pressure monitoring may be used as a guide for intermittent fluid evacuation of the pneumonectomy space prior to onset of clinical signs or symptoms, to avoid the cardiopulmonary risks of rapid fluid removal. Contralateral mediastinal shift should be treated with incremental drainage when there is a rise in intrathoracic pressure to prevent cardiovascular complications. # 2009 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Culture Change and Integration: An Eskimo Example1

During the summer of 1958 the writer lived in the Eskimo village of Kaktovik, Alaska. This village, containing approximately 100 residents, is located about 400 miles northeast of Fairbanks along the Arctic coast. The purpose of the summer research was to study the ways in which the Kaktovik Eskimos are adjusting to the very rapid changes brought on by their new employment and extensive contact with Whites at a nearby DEWline radar station. While a large number of the Eskimos living at Kaktovik grew up in this part of Alaska, they did not come together as a group to form a permanent village settlement until the middle and late 1940's. Only after the military and the Coast and Geodetic Survey began hiring local Eskimos for unskilled jobs in construction and surveying work did Kaktovik take on any semblance of a real village. Previous to this time, most of the people had lived in relatively isolated dwellings scattered along the northeastern part of the Alaskan coast, and except for infrequent meetings with missionaries, bush pilots, and traders, they had very little face-to-face contact with Whites.2 Occasionally some families made a spring dog sled trip to Barrow to trade their year's supply of furs at one of the local stores and visit with friends and relatives, but the great distance involved discouraged anyone from making the trip very often. Although a few government jobs were available as early as the middle 1940's, salaried employment did not become plentiful until several years 1028
Enhanced Microbial Methane Oxidation in Landfill Cover Soil Amended with Biochar

AbstractBiochar amendment to landfill cover soil is proposed as an economical solution to reduce methane (CH4) emissions from landfills without gas-recovery systems or in conjunction with gas recovery for near-complete CH4 removal. In this study, column experiments were conducted to simulate the effects of biochar amendment to landfill cover soil and investigate whether biochar amendment can promote the growth of methanotrophic bacteria able to oxidize CH4 into carbon dioxide (CO2). Acrylic columns were packed with coarse gravel (gas-distribution layer) and then filled with either soil or 20% biochar/80% soil. The columns were fed humidified synthetic landfill gas (25% CH4:25% CO2:50% N2) continuously for 4 months. Sampling ports along the length of the column were used to collect gas samples for measurement of the CH4 and CO2 concentrations. Additional isotopic analysis (δ13C) and temperature profiles were also used to evaluate the extent of CH4 oxidation as a function of depth. The deoxyribonucleic acid...
Field Distributions of Injection Chicane Dipoles in SNS Ring

3D computing simulations have been performed at ORNL to study the magnetic field distributions of two injection chicane dipoles in the SNS ring. The simulation studies have yielded the performance characteristics of the dipoles and generated magnetic field data in three dimensional grids. Based on the simulation data, a 3D multipole expansion of the chicane dipole field, consisting of generalized gradients and their derivatives, has been made. The expansion is quasi-analytical by fitting numeric data into a few interpolation functions. A 5th-order representation of the field is generated, and the effects of even higher order terms on the field representation are discussed.
Detection and expression of DNA homologous to the tox gene in nontoxinogenic isolates of Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Abstract Three probes have been described which can be used to detect the presence of DNA sequences homologous to the tox gene of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Probes "A" and "B" detected sequences coding for A and B fragments of diphtheria toxin, respectively. The third "A-B" probe contained both the A and B coding sequences. The B probe was completely unambiguous in detecting only toxin-related sequences, and the A probe was only slightly less so. The efficacy of the probes was tested on a series of toxinogenic and nontoxinogenic isolates of C. diphtheriae. All isolates which were toxinogenic as characterized by the gel immunodiffusion technique gave positive reactions with the probes. Of particular interest was the finding that 14 of 43 nontoxinogenic isolates also carried DNA homologous to both the A and B probes. All 14 isolates were nontoxinogenic by the rabbit intracutaneous test as well as by the gel immunodiffusion test; however, 12 of them produced ADP-ribosylating activity, whereas two were negative. The isolates producing ADP-ribosylating activity belonged to a cohort of cultures, of which 11 were isolated in South Dakota and 1 was isolated in Montana. Genomic DNAs of all 12 appeared to be identical when restriction enzyme digest patterns were compared, and the same fragment carried the tox gene in all of them. The tox-bearing nontoxinogenic isolates from Alaska and Florida each had unique restriction patterns and did not produce ADP-ribosylating activity. A number of genomic fragments of all the tox-bearing nontoxinogenic isolates hybridized with beta converting phage DNA. The significance of these observations to the natural history of diphtheria was discussed.
Telomere flip-flop: an unfolding passage to senescence.

In this issue of EMBO reports, insight is provided into how telomeres can function both as tumour suppressors by limiting the number of times a cell can divide and as tumour promoters by allowing genomic instability.
Gas Production in Reactor Materials

This paper presents an overview of the principal nuclear reactions that are known to produce hydrogen and helium in irradiated materials and a summary of the comparison of measurements with predictions in various reactors. Hydrogen and helium are produced in all reactor materials by fast neutron reactions which typically have thresholds above 4 MeV. Selected elements also have thermal neutron gas production reactions that can be quite prolific, such as 6Li, 10B, and 14N, and there are a number of elements which produce transmutation products that have high thermal neutron gas production cross sections, most notably 59Ni produced by irradiation of Ni and 65Zn produced by irradiation of Cu or Zn. Since gas production cross sections are isotope-specific, gas production rates can change during irradiation due to transmutation effects or initial rates can be modified by isotopic tailoring of reactor materials.
Comparative cyclic voltammetry and surface analysis of passive films grown on stainless steel 316 in concrete pore model solutions

The study of passive layers grown on AISI 316 stainless steel in two model solutions, saturated Ca(OH)2 and cement extract (CE) solution, show that each solution simulates the concrete pore environment in a different way. A more resistant passive layer is formed in CE solution due to its distinctive composition, homogeneity, thickness and porosity. The CE-exposed sample withstood several hours of cathodic polarization before the characteristic cyclic voltammetry peaks of the non-passivated AISI 316 reappeared. This is in contrast to the saturated Ca(OH)2-exposed sample, which showed the characteristic CV peaks after several minutes of cathodic polarization. XPS spectra of the passive layer formed in saturated Ca(OH)2 indicate that the amount of Ca is as much as ten times larger than that in the passive-layer formed in the CE solution. Films formed in CE solution contained Si and S, which are part of the cement mixture composition. Topographical dissimilarities in the passive films are also found in the AFM and optical microscopy images. The passive layer formed in CE solution is homogeneous and covers the metal surface completely. The film formed in saturated Ca(OH)2 is rough, crystalline, and nonhomogeneous. The differences in the composition and electrochemical behavior of passive layers formed on AISI 316 in saturated Ca(OH)2 solution or CE model solution suggest that CE solutions are superior for simulating concrete pore environments and that CE solutions create a more resistive passive film. In addition, passive films formed without polarization were superior to films formed on AISI 316 under anodic polarization. # 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Reconciliation-Oriented Leadership: Chilean President Michelle Bachelet

Building on an earlier study of Abraham Lincoln and Nelson Mandela as reconciliation-oriented leaders (Lieberfeld, 2009), this article outlines the personality traits common to such leaders and applies them to Michelle Bachelet, president of Chile from 2006 to 2010. The traits induced from biographic data as characteristic of such leaders are high degrees of emotional self-control, empathy, conceptual complexity, optimism concerning others' potential for changed attitudes, and pragmatic and non-dogmatic approaches to politics. The article highlights the relevance of these traits to Bachelet's contributions to bridging social and political divisions in the wake of violent intrasocietal conflict.
Clothing Color and Tipping: An Attempted Replication and Extension

An online, hypothetical, tipping-scenario experiment found that subjects tipped the servers less (not more) when those servers wore a red shirt than when they wore a white or black one and that fem...
Activity of decitabine in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome previously treated with azacitidine

Azacitidine and decitabine are the two hypomethylating agents approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The efficacy of one agent post-failure of the other is unknown. Fourteen patients with MDS post-azacitidine failure/lack of response/intolerance were treated with decitabine. Overall three patients achieved a complete remission, and one patient had hematologic improvement, for an overall response rate of 28%. Of the responders, one stopped prior 5-azacitidine owing to disease progression, two for no response and one for severe skin toxicity. Grade 3-4 drug related side-effects were minimal. Global methylation studies in patient samples showed decrease of methylation after treatment with decitabine. As in our previous studies, there was no difference in hypomethylation between responders and nonresponders. We conclude that clinically significant responses with decitabine can be seen in patients post-azacitidine failure without significant toxicity.
Oral acyclovir suppresses recurrent epithelial and stromal herpes simplex.

THE NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE Acyclovir for the Prevention of Recurrent Herpes Simplex Virus Eye Disease The Herpetic Eye Disease Study Group . Background: Long-term treatment with antiviral agents has been shown to prevent recurrences of genital and orofacial herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease, but it is uncertain whether prophylactic treatment can prevent recurrences of ocular HSV disease. Methods: We randomly assigned 703 immunocompetent patients who had had ocular HSV disease within the preceding year to receive 400 mg of acyclovir or placebo orally twice daily. The study outcomes were the rates of development of ocular or nonocular HSV disease during a 12-month treatment period and a 6-month observation period. Results: The cumulative probability of a recurrence of any type of ocular HSV disease during the 12-month treatment period was 19 percent in the acyclovir group and 32 percent in the placebo group (P Conclusions: After the resolution of ocular HSV disease, 12 months of treatment with acyclovir reduces the rate of recurrent ocular HSV disease and orofacial HSV disease. Long-term antiviral prophylaxis is most important for patients with a history of HSV stromal keratitis, since it can prevent additional episodes and potential loss of vision. Arch Ophthalmol 1998;279:1820-1825.
Wind turbine gust load alleviation utilizing curved blades

The aeroelastic response of curved (i.e., tip sweep in planform) wind turbine blades is analyzed. Numerical results for a 3-bladed, 20-ft radius wind turbine with fiberglass blades were obtained for various tip sweeps. Tip sweeps up to 5 ft appear to provide little tip deflection and bending moment reductions in response to gusts. However, blades with much lower torsional rigidities than the fiberglass blades were shown to provide up to 279b in tip deflections and bending moment relief during gusts.
Inheritance of dominant factors for resistance to carbamate insecticides in the house fly.

The inheritance of resistance to carbamate insecticides was measured in crosses between 2 resistant strains of Musca damestica L. and a susceptible strain carrying visible recessive mutants on the 2nd, 3rd, and 5th chromosomes. In both resistant strains, gene (s) on chromosomes 2 and 5 conferred resistance to carbamates. In 1 strain, a gene on chromosome 3 also contributed to resistance. Therefore, the total resistance of the test strains is apparently due to the interaction of several genes acting together.
Personality Architecture: Within-Person Structures and Processes

This chapter reviews theory and research on intraindividual personality structures and processes. Principles for modeling the architecture of personality, that is, the overall design and operating characteristics of intraindividual personality systems, are addressed. Research demonstrates that a focus on within-person structures and processes advances the understanding of two aspects of personality coherence: the functional relations among distinct elements of personality, and cross-situational coherence in personality functioning that results from interactions among enduring knowledge structures and dynamic appraisal processes. Also reviewed are recent conceptual and empirical advances, which demonstrate that the interindividual personality variables that summarize variability in the population are wholly insufficient for modeling intraindividual personality architecture.
Reflections of thought: cognitive facial expressions in the human interface

Thought or cognitive activity induces facial expressions. The neurological connection is not as direct as facial expressions of emotions, but these cognitive expressions are still important. They indicate the degree of cognitive difficulty which a person is having or the type of cognitive activity that is occurring. Since computer-generated environments are often highly cognitive in nature, cognitive expressions may be even more meaningful than emotional expressions in the domain of human-computer interaction. An experiment is presented which characterizes the range of cognitive facial expressions found in human-computer interaction. The relationship between these expressions and cognitive activity is examined. Finally, the implications of the existence of these cognitive expressions is discussed.
‘Gentrification with Justice’: An Urban Ministry Collective and the Practice of Place-making in Atlanta’s Inner-city Neighbourhoods:

Scholars and policy-makers have increasingly sought to understand the relationship between poverty and place in the inner city. This paper examines the spatiality of an anti-poverty strategy called...
Molecular architecture of polymers

Abstract The molecular architecture of polymers has been analyzed and identified. Early development of polymer science and technology has been vastly expanded and has mushroomed into a business that constitutes nearly 5% of the gross national product of the highly industrialized countries. New polymer structures have been invented, and technologies have been developed to make these inventions the businesses of tomorrow. In this paper we gave a subjective account of the most recent developments in the chemistry, physics, and technology of polymer science.
Properties of Sputter Deposited ZnO Films Co-doped with Lithium and Phosphorus

Thin films of ZnO co-doped with lithium and phosphorus were deposited on sapphire substrates by RF magnetron sputtering. The films were sequentially deposited from ultra pure ZnO and Li3PO4 solid targets. Post deposition annealing was carried using a rapid thermal processor in O2 and N2 at temperatures ranging from 500 °C to 1000 °C for 3 min. Analyses performed using low temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy measurements reveal luminescence peaks at 3.359, 3.306, 3.245 eV for the co-doped samples. The x-ray diffraction 2θ-scans for all the films showed a single peak at about 34.4° with full width at half maximum of about 0.17°. Hall Effect measurements revealed conductivities that change from p-type to n-type over time.