cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Financial Feasibility Analysis of a Culturally and Linguistically Competent Hispanic Kidney Transplant Program.

BACKGROUND In 2006, Northwestern Medicine implemented a culturally targeted and linguistically congruent Hispanic Kidney Transplant Program (HKTP). The HKTP has been associated with a reduction in Hispanic/Latino disparities in live donor kidney transplantation. This article assessed the financial feasibility of implementing the HKTP intervention at 2 other transplant centers. METHODS We examined the impact of the HKTP on staffing costs compared with the total transplant center costs using data from monthly time studies conducted among transplant staff involved in the HKTP. Time studies were conducted during the HKTP preimplementation (2016) and implementation (2017) phases. Labor costs were estimated using data from the time studies and mean salaries from the Department of Labor. We retrospectively examined kidney acquisition and transplant costs at both centers in 2016 and 2017 using data from the Medicare cost reports. RESULTS During preimplementation, center A staff (n = 21) committed 764 hours ($44 607), and center B staff (n = 15) committed 800 hours ($45 193) to establish the HKTP. During implementation, center A staff (n = 19) committed 1125 hours ($55 594), and center B staff (n = 24) committed 1396 hours ($64 170), in delivering the HKTP. Overall, the total costs from the staffing time involved in the HKTP encompassed <1.0% per year (2016 and 2017) of each center's annual total costs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the financial feasibility of implementing the HKTP and present a potential business case for the HKTP's implementation at other transplant centers to reduce health disparities in live donor kidney transplantation.
High order, semi-implicit, energy stable schemes for gradient flows

We introduce a class of high order accurate, semi-implicit Runge-Kutta schemes in the general setting of evolution equations that arise as gradient flow for a cost function, possibly with respect to an inner product that depends on the solution, and we establish their energy stability. This class includes as a special case high order, unconditionally stable schemes obtained via convexity splitting. The new schemes are demonstrated on a variety of gradient flows, including partial differential equations that are gradient flow with respect to the Wasserstein (mass transport) distance.
Anisotropic Transport in Y-Ba-Cu-O and Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O

The anisotropic normal state transport properties of the superconducting oxides Y-Ba-Cu-O and Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O are investigated by dc resistivity, thermoelectric power, high frequency conductivity, and uniaxial stress effects in single crystals. We also explore the superconducting state by measurements of Tc under c-axis stress, and oxygen isotope substitution. Energy gap structure is investigated by break junction single-crystal tunneling.
The Evolution of Research in Journalism and Communication: An Analysis of Scholarly CIOS-Indexed Journals From 1915 to Present:

Assessments of programmatic research remain important in the current higher education landscape, as the field of Journalism & Mass Communication (JMC) enters its second century. This study profiles...
A Comparative Analysis of the Quadratus Lumborum Block Versus Femoral Nerve and Fascia Iliaca Blocks in Hip Arthroscopy.

Purpose To evaluate the effect of the single-shot quadratus lumborum (QL) block versus femoral nerve and fascia iliacus (F/FI) blocks performed preoperatively on perioperative opioid requirements, subjective pain scores, and time to discharge. Methods Patients who underwent hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement and had a preoperative nerve block between January 2017 and August 2019 at our institution were identified. Patients were separated into 2 groups: those who either received a preoperative single-shot QL block or a preoperative single-shot F/FI block. All patients received general anesthesia. Intraoperative, postanesthesia care unit (PACU), and total morphine equivalents were analyzed using unpaired t test. Secondary outcome measures including total time in PACU and block-related complications were recorded and analyzed as well. Results One hundred one patients were retrospectively reviewed. Forty-three patients received preoperative QL blocks, and 58 patients received preoperative F/FI blocks. Demographics and operative characteristics were similar between the 2 groups. Patients receiving a QL block required significantly lower total morphine equivalents (63.1 vs 87.0, P < .001). Patients receiving a QL block also had shorter PACU stays (116 vs 148 minutes, P < .001) and lower subjective pain scores at the time of discharge (3.27 vs 4.98, P < .001) compared with the F/FI block group. There were also significant decreases in the number of intraoperative opioids (42.1 vs 58.4, P < .001) and PACU opioids (20.7 vs 28.7, P = .03) used when analyzed separately. Two patients in the femoral nerve block group had noted a fall postoperatively while the block was in effect. No patients in the QL block group had a block-related complication. Conclusions Patients receiving a preoperative QL block for hip arthroscopy demonstrated lower total opioid requirements, shorter PACU stay, and lower pain scores at discharge than patients receiving preoperative F/FI blocks with no reported adverse events. Level of Evidence Level III, retrospective comparative trial.
Techniques to Measure the Refractive Index of GDP and Ge-Doped GDP with Monochromatic Light

AbstractEquation-of-state experiments using VISAR require the refractive index of undoped glow discharge polymer (GDP) and Ge-doped GDP at 532-nm-wavelength light. The index was measured with two different techniques. The first technique used measurements of pulsed laser reflections off a GDP foil suspended in refractive index fluid standards. Fluids with different indices were replaced until minimum reflection was achieved; this occurred at the matching index of the fluid and GDP film. The index of the correct matching fluid (or fluid mixture) was measured with an Abbe refractometer to produce nD (the refractive index at sodium D line, 589 nm) and was corrected for wavelength using manufacturer-supplied Cauchy equation coefficients. The second technique used interferometry to measure fringe shift over GDP and Ge-GDP bumps when submerged in various refractive index fluid standards. The fringe shift was minimized when matching the indices of the fluid and film. The refractive indices at 532 nm were 1.563 a...
Los Sensi de la Familia Pano

Los sensis fueron un grupo pano contactado por los misioneros franciscanos en 1811 en las cabeceras del rio Maquia, afluente del lado este del Ucayali. Desaparecieron de las bibliografias desde mediados del siglo XX, y su lugar dentro de la familia linguistica pano es polemico. Este articulo hace un estudio etnohistorico de todas las referencias bibliograficas de primera mano sobre este grupo, divididas entre las fuentes franciscanas, informes de los viajeros del siglo XIX y fuentes del siglo XX. Concluye que los sensi conformaban una etnia antes del contacto porque mantenian relaciones enfrentadas con otros grupos pano, mientras conservaban relaciones de amistad con los tres subgrupos: inubo, runubo y casca. Clasifica el idioma como un idioma pano cercano al pano-shetebo o shipibo-Konibo. Un rasgo que los franciscanos usaban para distinguir a los sensi es que se adaptaban a la vida misional mientras los otros panos mantenian su independencia.
Application of Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Determining the Structure and Function of Proteins

The ideal technique to investigate the structure of macromolecules would feature both atomic-level resolution and high sensitivity and would be able to provide this information dynamically. Unfortunately, none of the present-day techniques satisfy all of these criteria simultaneously. For instance, while X-ray diffraction can provide atomic-level information, it requires milligram quantities of material and produces (in most cases) only a time-averaged structure. Likewise, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy requires milligram quantities of protein and provides only an incomplete picture of the macromolecule. Furthermore, only relatively small macromolecules (≤ 20,000 mol. wt.) can presently be resolved. On the other hand, NMR spectroscopy can provide information in the time domain, such as proton exchange rates and the vibrational motion of atoms.
Rate Monotonic Analysis for Real-Time Systems

As a mathematical discipline travels far from its empirical source, or still more, if it is a second and third generation only indirectly inspired by the ideas coming from ‘reality,’ it is besetwith very grave dangers. It becomes more and more pure aestheticizing, more and more purely more and more purely l’art pour l’art....
Emergence and Resurgence of Bacterial Infectious Diseases

1 Demographic Changes 2 International Travel and Commerce 3 Societal Changes 4 Changes in Technology 5 Land-Use Patterns and Ecological Change 6 Microbial Adaptation and Change 7 Breakdown of Public-Health Infrastructure 8 Intent to do Harm: Bioterrorism 9 Infectious Origins of Chronic Diseases 10 Summary Keywords: bacterial infectious diseases-emergence and resurgence; infectious diseases-leading cause of death in developing countries; dramatic increases in international travel and commerce and infectious disease emergence; technology changes and emerging newly recognized pathogens; diarrheal illness outbreaks in child-care centers; advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-major impact on opportunistic infections; ecological changes and tick-borne diseases; microbial adaptation and change
Chapter 7 Thermomagnetic effects and measurements

Summary The thermoelectric and thermomagnetic transport properties of solid state systems are typically used as research tools to explore electron and phonon behavior within the material and as a measure of the usefulness of the material for potential applications. The magnetic field and temperature dependence of the transport effects determine the performance of the material for electronic refrigeration, govern materials optimization efforts, and expose the underlying physical transport mechanism of the material, including effects associated with carrier concentration, mobility, and scattering mechanisms. The particular complications associated with thermomagnetic transport effects have been reviewed, proper methods of measuring these transport coefficients have been discussed, and the transport properties of an idealized thermomagnetic electronic refrigeration material have been given.
Designing and enhancing a systems engineering training and development program

The MITRE Institute, the Training and Development (TD student and manager assessments; customized on-the-job projects; group work and networking; a focused training resource database; student-manager commitment through an individual development plan (IDP); and a certification option. The program integrates concepts vertically by replication of content that is considered important on multiple, or all levels of the program, such as enterprise systems engineering, risk, team development, and persuasion and influence.
Preparation of complexes of sydnones by solid-solid interaction

Abstract Metal halide complexes were formed with eighteen sydnones by solid-solid interaction. It was found that only the Friedel-Crafts catalysts, TiCl4, SbCl5, SnCl4, AlCl3, FeCl3, ZnCl2, TeCl2, form these complexes and negative results were obtained with copper, cobalt and nickel chlorides. In all the complexes formed, the bonding occurred through the exocyclic oxygen atom, and the mole ratio of sydnone to metal chloride was 1:1. These complexes dissociated completely in polar and nonpolar solvents.
Computers and School Media Services

Computers are now as basic a tool in educational systems as in the corporate structure of the business world. School administrators employ them to reduce paperwork and streamline management decisions. Classroom teachers find they can provide efficient drill and practice for students with computer-assisted instruction. Journals proliferate with articles on the applications of computer technology to education, and for our students, computer literacy is seen as desirable as knowing the alphabet. Despite all this activity, few school districts seem to be taking advantage of the application of computer technology to library media services. College and research libraries have long been utilizing automation to deliver more effective services. Schools, though, have narrowly viewed each library as one small individual collection, serving only that school, and have been slow to realize that the district collection as a whole would rival the size of many a research library. This isolated view of school collections has resulted in the duplication of both materials and services from school to school, and in the duplication of staff responsibilities from building to building. Current economic conditions will not allow this to continue, and exploding information needs dictate a change in teacher and student access to knowledge stored in the media center.
The envelope representation

The question of the nature and calculation of an electron envelope function in semiconductors is revisited.
Optimal load shedding with aggregates and mining queries

To cope with bursty arrivals of high-volume data, a DSMS has to shed load while minimizing the degradation of Quality of Service (QoS). In this paper, we show that this problem can be formalized as a classical optimization task from operations research, in ways that accommodate different requirements for multiple users, different query sensitivities to load shedding, and different penalty functions. Standard non-linear programming algorithms are adequate for non-critical situations, but for severe overloads, we propose a more efficient algorithm that runs in linear time, without compromising optimality. Our approach is applicable to a large class of queries including traditional SQL aggregates, statistical aggregates (e.g., quantiles), and data mining functions, such as k-means, naive Bayesian classifiers, decision trees, and frequent pattern discovery (where we can even specify a different error bound for each pattern). In fact, we show that these aggregate queries are special instances of a broader class of functions, that we call reciprocal-error aggregates, for which the proposed methods apply with full generality. Finally, we propose a novel architecture for supporting load shedding in an extensible system, where users can write arbitrary User Defined Aggregates (UDA), and thus confirm our analytical findings with several experiments executed on an actual DSMS.
Sports and Nutritional Supplement Use in USMC Recruits: A Pilot Study

ABSTRACTObjective: This is a pilot study to describe patterns of nutritional supplement use by recruits entering the U.S. Marine Corps (USMC). Methods: A survey asking USMC recruits to self-report nutritional supplement use was administered upon entry to basic training. Simple descriptive statistics and prevalence ratios were used to describe patterns of supplement use. Results: The response rate was 65%. Half of respondents reported nutritional sports supplement use at some point before boot camp. The five most commonly supplements were: protein powder (43%), postrecovery workout drinks (36%), vitamin supplements (26%), creatine (26%), and nitric oxide (16%). Conclusions: Nutritional supplement use is frequent among recruits entering the USMC. The impact of supplement use on recruit fitness, training, and injury rates is not known.
Heart substitution: transplantation and total artificial heart. The Texas Heart Institute experience.

: Two methods of heart substitution have been used at the Texas Heart Institute: cardiac transplantation and the total artificial heart (TAH). Cardiac transplantation is an effective means of saving patients with end-stage heart disease and, since the introduction of the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporine, survival has increased significantly. In a recent series from July 1982 to May 1984, 25 patients underwent cardiac transplantation at the Texas Heart Institute. Nineteen of these patients are alive, in Functional Class I, and leading normal lives. A major disadvantage of cardiac transplantation is that it cannot be used on an emergency basis for postcardiotomy patients. In this situation, TAH has been used twice (1969 and 1981) as the first stage to maintain circulation prior to subsequent cardiac transplantation. In both instances, the TAH functioned well until a satisfactory donor was found. This demonstrates the feasibility of the two-staged concept and encourages further development of cardiac prostheses.
Double-blind efficacy and safety study of a novel anti-ischemic agent, ranolazine, versus placebo in patients with chronic stable angina pectoris. Ranolazine Study Group.

BACKGROUNDRanolazine modulates the metabolism of ischemic myocardial cells and improves the efficiency of oxygen use. This study was conducted to evaluate the antianginal and anti-ischemic effects and safety of different doses of ranolazine administered three times daily (tid) compared with placebo in patients with stable angina pectoris.METHODS AND RESULTSPatients with stable angina pectoris took part in the study. Previous antianginal drugs were discontinued under medical supervision. Three hundred nineteen patients received single-blind placebo for up to 18 days, and 318 stopped exercise because of angina of moderate severity, had evidence of myocardial ischemia (> or = 1-mm ST segment depression), and were randomized to one of four study groups in a double-blind manner: ranolazine 30 mg tid (n = 81), ranolazine 60 mg tid (n = 81), ranolazine 120 mg tid (n = 78), and placebo tid (n = 79). After the 4-week double-blind phase, symptom-limited exercise tests were repeated at 1 hour (peak test) and 8 hours...
A randomized trial to determine the distribution of four topical gel formulations in the human vagina.

Abstract Background There is an urgent need for the development of a topical microbicide to protect against sexually transmitted infections. We compared distribution and acceptability of four different gel formulations to be used as a vehicle for a microbicide. Study Design This is a randomized, double-blind comparative study. Six women tested each of the four gels at two different time points. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were taken both within 10–15 min following intravaginal gel insertion and 4 h following gel insertion, before and after simulated intercourse at both time points. Results Vaginal surface contact immediately after insertion ranged from 68% to 92%. Simulated intercourse increased surface contact for all gels (range, 90–106%). After 4 h, surface contact ranged from 86% to 102%. Simulated intercourse at that time resulted in decreased coverage for two gels and increased coverage for two gels. One gel was noted to have consistent broad coverage of the vagina both immediately and 4 h after insertion, increased coverage with simulated intercourse at both time points and the lowest standard deviation of disruption at all time points. Conclusion MRI used in combination with qualitative assessments of acceptability can be used to select optimal gels for use as vehicles for potential spermicides or microbicides. We conclude that a gel consisting of 3% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and 1.5% of methyl cellulose is the most promising candidate gel.
Regional varation in drug purchase opportunity among youths in the United States, 1996–1997

This study was designed to examine geographic variation in illegal drug purchase opportunity among young people living in the United States; there was a subfocus on age, sex, and urban/rural residence. Data from the 1996–1997 National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse were analyzed; the nationally representative sample of community residents included 21,531 participants aged 12–24 years old. Respondents were asked if someone had approached them to sell them an illegal drug during the past 30 days. To protect responsents’ confidentiality, there is no fine-grained geographical coding of data in the National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse public use data files, but mine geographical divisional indicators are provided (i.e., West Norht Central, New England, etc.). Results indicated males were an estimated 1.8 times more likely than females to have had a recent illicit drug purchase opportunity, and urban residents were 1.5 times more likely than rural residents to have had a recent drug purchase opportunity. As for geographic divisions, the Pacific division surpassed all other divisions: Its residents were 1.5 times more likely to have recent drug purchase opportunities tha the West North Central division (used bere as a reference category). After controlling statistically for age, sex, and urban/rural residence, fresidence in four divisions was foun to be associated with greater likelihood of an illicit drug purchase opportunity. The observed patterns of drug purchase opportunity add new features to our understanding of illicit drug involvement across the United States.
Rapidly transported proteins in sensory, motor and sympathetic nerves of the isolated frog nervous system

Abstract The synthesis and rapid axonal transport of [35Smethionine-labelled proteins has been studied using the isolated frog spinal cord and peripheral nervous system. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecylsulfate of synthesized and transported proteins revealed similar labelling patterns of proteins transported in the sensory, motor and sympathetic systems. The relative labelling pattern of transported proteins which accumulated at ligatures in peripheral nerves was different from those obtained from ganglia or nerves and roots when they were incubated in labelled methionine. When compared with methionine-labelled protein profiles of rapid axonal transport in other species and systems, a common set of rapidly transported proteins emerges. The approximate molecular weights of these common proteins include (in 1000 daltons): 18, 24–29, 34–36, 57, 65–68, 100 and 130. These proteins may represent fundamental macromolecules involved in the general maintenance of the function of nerve processes.
Relationships Among Prenatal Maternal Attachment, Presence of Postnatal Depressive Symptoms, and Maternal Role Attainment

purpose. To examine the relationships among a woman's attachment to her fetus, the presence of postpartum depressive symptoms, and subsequent perceptions of maternal role attainment three months after birth design. A longitudinal, panel design setting. Hospital-sponsored childbirth education classes participants. Primiparous women (N = 136) at 24–40 weeks of pregnancy and 9–14 weeks after the birth main outcome measures. Perceived Competence Scale, Myself as Mother Scale, and My Baby Scale results. Prenatal maternal attachment was positively related to maternal role attainment but not to postpartum depressive symptoms. Postpartum depression was negatively related to maternal role attainment. conclusions. These findings enhance maternal identity theory and provide a means to evaluate the transition to motherhood.
Naturalness Lowers the Upper Bound on the Lightest Higgs Boson Mass in Supersymmetry

We quantify the extent to which naturalness is lost as experimental lower bounds on the Higgs boson mass increase, and we compute the natural upper bound on the lightest supersymmetric Higgs boson mass. We find that it would be unnatural for the mass of the lightest supersymmetric Higgs boson to saturate its maximal upper bound. In the absence of significant fine-tuning, the lightest Higgs boson mass should lie below 120 GeV, and in the most natural cases it should be lighter than 108 GeV. For modest tan{beta}, these bounds are significantly lower. Our results imply that a failure to observe a light Higgs boson in experiments previous to the CERN LHC becoming operational could provide a serious challenge to the principal motivation for weak-scale supersymmetry. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
SYSTEMS ENGINEERING APPROACH TO THE DESIGH OF MAGNETS FOR FUSION DEVICES

A review of the critical factors considered in defining the objectives, form and size of the toroidal confinement device to follow TFTR and JET.
Fetoplacental steroid metabolism in prolonged pregnancies

Abstract The response to an intravenous load of 50 mg of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate given to women with a pregnancy prolonged to more than 42 weeks was compared to the response in control pregnant women at 40 weeks. The half-life of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate was longer in the prolonged pregnancy group than in the control group (mean ± SEM, 3.64 ± 0.24 hour versus 2.78 ± 1.08 hour, p
Robotics-based location sensing using wireless ethernet

A key subproblem in the construction of location-aware systems is the determination of the position of a mobile device. This paper describes the design, implementation and analysis of a system for determining position inside a building from measured RF signal strengths of packets on an IEEE 802.11b wireless Ethernet network. Previous approaches to location awareness with RF signals have been severely hampered by non-linearity, noise and complex correlations due to multi-path effects, interference and absorption. The design of our system begins with the observation that determining position from complex, noisy and non-linear signals is a well-studied problem in the field of robotics. Using only off-the-shelf hardware, we achieve robust position estimation to within a meter in our experimental context and after adequate training of our system. We can also coarsely determine our orientation and can track our position as we move. By applying recent advances in probabilistic inference of position and sensor fusion from noisy signals, we show that the RF emissions from base stations as measured by off-the-shelf wireless Ethernet cards are sufficiently rich in information to permit a mobile device to reliably track its location.
Bioinspiring an Interest in STEM

Attracting K–12 students to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is viewed as a critical element for benefiting both the economy and society. This paper describes an outreach program, conducted in a Brooklyn, NY, USA, public middle school, aimed at educating students in mechatronics, biology, and bioinspiration. The program is designed to foster student interest in STEM subjects, especially engineering-related concepts, by actively demonstrating their application in solving tangible real-world problems. It consists of a series of lectures and practical activities that culminate with a hands-on bioinspiration-based event at the New York Aquarium. Survey results show that students who participated in the program have a better understanding of the relationship between engineering and nature, demonstrate improved knowledge of select STEM topics, and are more interested in pursuing STEM careers.
The effects of green tea drinking on salivary polyphenol concentration and perception of acid astringency

Abstract Samples of dilute HCl intended to result in mixtures with saliva with pH levels below, near and above the level of maximum protein–polyphenol interaction were presented to panelists. Significant differences in astringency were seen, but no evidence of a decline in astringency with stronger acid. Panelists abstained from tea drinking for some time, then drank two or more cups of green tea per day for some days, and finally omitted tea drinking for a period. Salivary polyphenol levels were determined throughout the experiment. Drinking green tea resulted in a highly significant (p
An electrical model to simulate skin dielectric dispersion.

Abstract An electrical analog with a single time-constant, but with one frequency-dependent resistance, has been devised to account for the variation with frequency of the skin impedance vector. The dielectric behavior of biological systems is traditionally simulated by a distribution of time constants for simple R-C units. Unlike the electrical model, a mathematical distribution of time constants cannot provide a one-to-one correspondence between psychological measures and physiological units of the epidermal layer. Computer on-line measurements of the skin impedance were made in the frequency range 10–1000 Hz. The locus of the impedance vector described a semicircular arc plot with a depressed center in the Argand diagram. A simple parallel-to-series transformation of the proposed electrical model yields the same behavioral pattern as the experimentally observed one, when the equivalent series reactance is plotted as a function of the corresponding resistance. The model permits quantitative evaluation of the skin membrane parallel resistance, capacitance, phase-angle and relaxation-time. In addition, the electrical resistance of the extracellular fluid as well as that of an unusual biological resistor, which changes value inversely with frequency, were evaluated.
Deconstructing games as play: progress, power, fantasy, and self

In this issue, I draw together two sets of papers, with apparently different agendas. Most of the original papers in this issue use various learning perspectives and research approaches to explore the challenges and affordances of digital games for learning science. Associated forum papers challenge the authors and us to critically examine our own approaches to developing learning resources that model experiential phenomena, analyzing data and making claims. I locate all these studies within Brian Sutton-Smith’s philosophy of play. The other set of papers critically examines neo-liberalism and globalization within a consideration of the dimensions of science. I argue for a synergy between both sets of papers.
Dynamics of Solid Lubrication as Observed by Optical Microscopy

A bench metallograph was converted into a 'micro contact imager' by the addition of a tribometer employing a steel ball in sliding contact with a glass disk. The sliding contact was viewed in real time by means of projection microscope optics. The dynamics of abrasive particles and of solid lubricant particles within the contact were observed in detail. The contact was characterized by a constantly changing pattern of elastic strain with the passage of surface discontinuities and solid particles. Abrasive particles fragmented upon entering the contact, embedded in one surface and scratched the other; in contrast, the solid lubricant particles flowed plastically into thin films. The rheological behavior of the lubricating solids gave every appearance of a paste-like consistency within the Hertzian contact.
Kinetics of the superoxide reductase catalytic cycle.

Abstract The steady state kinetics of a Desulfovibrio (D.) vulgaris superoxide reductase (SOR) turnover cycle, in which superoxide is catalytically reduced to hydrogen peroxide at a [Fe(His)4(Cys)] active site, are reported. A proximal electron donor, rubredoxin, was used to supply reducing equivalents from NADPH via ferredoxin: NADP+ oxidoreductase, and xanthine/xanthine oxidase was used to provide a calibrated flux of superoxide. SOR turnover in this system was well coupled, i.e. reduced:NADPH oxidized over a 10-fold range of superoxide flux. The reduction of the ferric SOR active site by reduced rubredoxin was independently measured to have a second-order rate constant of ∼1 × 106 m–1 s–1. Analysis of the kinetics showed that: (i) 1 μm SOR can convert a 10 μm/min superoxide flux to a steady state superoxide concentration of 10–10 m, during which SOR turns over about once every 6 s, (ii) the diffusion-controlled reaction of reduced SOR with superoxide is the slowest process during turnover, and (iii) neither ligation nor deligation of the active site carboxylate of SOR limits the turnover rate. An intracellular SOR concentration on the order of 10 μm is estimated to be the minimum required for lowering superoxide to sublethal levels in aerobically growing SOD knockout mutants of Escherichia coli. SORs from Desulfovibrio gigas and Treponema pallidum showed similar turnover rates when substituted for the D. vulgaris SOR, whereas superoxide dismutases showed no SOR activity in our assay. These results provide quantitative support for previous suggestions that, in times of oxidative stress, SORs efficiently divert intracellular reducing equivalents to superoxide.
1738 SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME (SIDS) IN INFANTS WITH BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA (BPD)

Because hypoxemia is associated with SIDS as well as BPD, because of our clinical impression that infants discharged with BPD suffered more than expected risk for SIDS, we undertook a systematic survey of low birthweight infants with and without BPD discharged from our nurseries. The incidence of SIDS was seven times greater in infants with BPD when compared with a concurrent low birthweight group of infants without BPD. Confounding factors, including birthweight, sex, multiple birth, socioeconomic status, and apnea were not different in the two groups. We speculate that intermittent and chronic hypoxemia and/or a predilection for upper airway obstruction from prolonged intubation, associated with immaturity of respiratory control centers, may underlie the higher risk for SIDS in infants who have BPD. Our results indicate that there is an association between BPD and SIDS.
Emerging concepts in airway infantile hemangioma assessment and management

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in airway infantile hemangioma treatment. Study Design Retrospective. Subjects Airway hemangioma patients, tertiary pediatric hospital. Methods Data collected included age at diagnosis, evaluation methods, hospitalizations, airway size, and interventions. Patients were divided into group A (1981-1993) and group B (1994-2005) and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Fisher exact test, and the Student t test. Results Thirty-two subjects were identified. Nasopharyngoscopy was used more in group B (11/16 [69%]) than group A (4/16 [25%], P = 0.032). CT angiography (3/16 [19%]) and laryngeal distractors (11/16 [69%]) were only used in group B; these techniques showed airway hemangiomas to be “transglottic,” not just “subglottic.” Intralesional steroids alone (3/16 [19%]) and primary hemangioma excision (2/16 [13%]) were new treatments used in group B. Frequent direct laryngoscopies (>six) correlated with tracheotomy (5/32 [16%], P = 0.015). Presenting age ( Conclusions New methods of airway infantile hemangioma assessment changed our concept of airway hemangiomas and their primary treatment.
SUSTAINED-RELEASE ASPIRIN TABLET USING AN INSOLUBLE MATRIX.

The mode of administering drugs in a sustained-release form has recently assumed considerable importance in the pharmaceutical industry. Various resins, plastics, and polymers were investigated in this study. Polyvinyl chloride was selected as the base for the insoluble matrix. Evaluation of the sustained-release aspirin tablet was by in vitro and in vivo methods. Evidence is presented that the in vivo release rates provide a uniform blood level over a predictable period of time.
Purification and characterization of mammalian glucose transporters expressed in Pichia pastoris

The major bottleneck to the application of high-resolution techniques such as crystallographic X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic analyses to resolve the structure of mammalian membrane proteins has been the ectopic expression and purification of sufficient quantities of non-denatured proteins. This has been especially problematic for members of the major facilitator superfamily, which includes the family of mammalian glucose transporters. A simple and rapid method is described for the purification of milligram quantities of recombinant GLUT1 and GLUT4, two of the most intensively studied GLUT isoforms, after ectopic expression in Pichia pastoris. The proteins obtained were >95% pure and exhibited functional transport and ligand-binding activities.
Catecholamines in a macrophage cell line

This study provides the first evidence for catecholamine synthesis and release in the RAW264.7 cell line, an important macrophage model. Although catecholamines were low in unstimulated cells, activation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA and increased extracellular norepinephrine and intracellular dopamine within 48 h. The catecholamine synthesis inhibitor alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (alpha-mpt) decreased extracellular norepinephrine levels, suggesting release and rapid turnover of newly synthesized norepinephrine. High concentrations of dopamine or norepinephrine (>/=100 microM) decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis of macrophages. These anti-proliferative effects were prevented by simultaneous treatment with the anti-oxidant ascorbic acid. Pre-incubation with a glutathione synthesis inhibitor (L-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine [L-BSO]) increased sensitivity to catecholamine-stimulated apoptosis, suggesting that glutathione protects macrophages from both endogenous and exogenous catecholamines.
Production scheduling: an interactive graphical approach

Abstract This project developed an interactive computer graphics approach to construction and modification of schedules for a work center. The system handles problems involving sequence-dependent setup times for products of the work center and penalties for both early and late completion of jobs. A schedule of jobs is displayed as a Gantt chart. Jobs appear as color-coded bars whose lengths represent setup and processing times. If a job follows another of the same color, there is no setup time. The user can manually revise a schedule by “drag and drop” manipulation of the job icons and can invoke built-in routines to automatically reschedule. The system displays a number of quality measures and other schedule implications to aid the user in evaluating schedules.
Products of characters and derived length

Let G be a finite solvable group and χ∈Irr(G) be a faithful character. We show that the derived length of G is bounded by a linear function of the number of distinct irreducible constituents of χχ. We also discuss other properties of the decomposition of χχ into its irreducible constituents.
Reputations for Toughness in Patent Litigation: Implications for Settlement vs. Trial Decisions

This paper extends research on the consequences of “reputations for toughness” in competitive interactions, by identifying patent litigation as a largely overlooked but important domain in which such reputations can be consequential. A key juncture in patent litigation is that of going to trial, and we propose that reputations for toughness can influence whether combatants agree on a settlement before reaching this juncture or not. We propose competing hypotheses regarding the effects of plaintiffs’ reputations for toughness on this outcome, with the first following existing work in predicting that strong such reputations would slant outcomes towards the less risky and costly course (settlement) while the second suggested that this same characteristic could push plaintiffs towards going to trial as a way of maintaining their reputation for toughness. Other key hypotheses are that a firm’s industry type (“systems product” or not) can act as a key contingency in determining which competing hypothesis prevai...
Abstract 4437: Fbxw8 targets hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 for proteasomal degradation

HPK1, a member of mammalian Ste20-like serine/threonine kinases, is lost in >95% pancreatic cancer through proteasomemediated degradation. However, the mechanism of HPK1 loss has not been defined. The aims of this study are to identify the ubiquitin ligase and to examine the mechanisms that targets HPK1 degradation. We found that the CUL7 ubiquitin ligase targeted HPK1 for degradation via the 26S proteasome. The ubiquitination of HPK1 required its kinase activity and autophosphorylation. Wild-type protein phosphatase 4 (PP4), but not the phosphatase-dead PP4 mutant, PP4-RL, inhibits the interaction of Fbxw8 with HPK1 and Fbxw8-mediated ubiquitination of HPK1. In addition, we showed that Thr355 of HPK1 is a key PP4 dephosphorylation site, through which Fbxw8 and PP4 regulates HPK1 stability. Our study demonstrated that CUL7 ubiquitin ligase targets HPK1 for degradation which requires HPK1 kinase activity and autophosphorylation. Fbxw8-mediated HPK1 degradation revealed a direct link and novel role of CUL7 ubiquitin ligase in the MAPK pathway, which plays a critical role in cell proliferation and differentiation. Citation Format: Hua Wang, Yue Chen, Ping Lin, Lei Li, Guisheng Zhou, Guangchao Liu, Craig Logsdon, Jianping Jin, James L. Abbruzzese, Tse-Hua Tan, Huamin Wang. Fbxw8 targets hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 for proteasomal degradation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4437. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4437
Follow-up study of young stress-affected and stress-resilient urban children

Reports follow-up study of 181 young highly stressed urban children, classified as stress-resilient (SR) and stress-affected (SA) 1½–2 years earlier. At follow-up (T2), children were retested on five initial (T1) test measures: self-rated adjustment, perceived competence, social problem solving, realistic control attributions, and empathy; parents and teachers did new child adjustment ratings, and parents participated in a phone interview focusing on the T1–T2 interval. Child test and adjustment measures and parent interview responses at T2 sensitively differentiated children classified as SR and SA at T1. Test and interview variables used at T1 and T2 correlated moderately across time periods. At T2, four child test indicators (i.e., rule conformity, global self-worth, social problem solving, and realistic control attributions) and four parent interview variables (positive future expectations for the child, absence of predelinquency indicators, good parent mental health in the past year, and adaptive parent coping strategies) sensitively differentiated children classified as SR and SA at T1. No relationship was found between family stress experienced in the T1–T2 interval and changes in children's adjustment during that period.
Conformal Symmetry and Three-Point Functions

The general three-point functions invariant under conformal transformations are constructed for both axial-vector and vector currents. These are used to study the anomalies present in the Ward-Takahashi identities. The axial-vector anomalies are considered in detail and Schwinger terms are calculated using equal-time limits.
Magneto-optical investigation on YBa2Cu3O7−x thin films on SrTiO3

Abstract The vortex motion when the external field penetrates perpendicularly square YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7− x thin films deposited on misoriented SrTiO 3 platelets has been pictured in situ by magneto-optical imaging. The visualized vortex pinning profile allows large-scale characterization of the superconducting quality of the thin film surface enabling tracing of areas of reduced superconducting properties or of various film defects. The obtained magneto-optical (M-O) images in combination with magnetization measurements can produce reliable estimations of the supercurrents flowing at each point of the film surface. The findings indicate a 40% anisotropy in the current distribution along the different [1 0 0] and [0 1 0] orientations for films deposited on substrates miscut at angles >1.69°.
Effects of kelthane on the estuarine shrimp Crangon tranciscorum

The chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide Kelthane was assayed for effects on food consumption, molting rate, cannibalism, respiration, mortality and behavior of the estuarine shrimp Crangon franciscorum Stimpson. The test system was a single-pass pulse-flow apparatus employing a modified Mount-Brungs style diluter. Treatment levels were 0, 14, 33 and 81 μg l-1 Kelthane at 16.6°C and 19‰ S over an exposure period of 317 h. Exposure to Kelthane reduced food consumption, molting rate, cannibalism, and respiration. Behavior also was abnormal in exposed shrimp. They spent more time swimming, were less coordinated and had feeble escape reactions. Kelthane was very toxic to C. franciscorum with LT50 values of 163, 196 and 264 h for shrimp exposed to 81, 33 and 14 μg l-1 respectively. The incipient lethal level of Kelthane is probably below 14 μg l-1.
Molecular cloning of the mouse dopamine transporter and pharmacological comparison with the human homologue.

Abstract Drug abuse is a serious problem in the United States and in the world. Cocaine and amphetamines, widely used drugs of abuse, bind to dopamine (DA), serotonin, and norepinephrine transporters with high affinity and block their functions. It is believed that the dopamine transporter plays a key role in the mechanism of cocaine addiction. Because a good portion of our knowledge about drug addiction is derived from studying mouse as an animal model, it is essential to compare the properties of dopamine transporter from human and mouse. We report here the cloning of the mouse dopamine transporter (mDAT) cDNA and its expression and comparison with the human DAT. The 3.4 kilobase (kb) cDNA encodes a polypeptide that is 93.5% identical to the hDAT, with 619 amino acid residues and a calculated molecular weight of 68.8 kDa. Dopamine transporters from mouse and human were stably expressed in the same parental MDCK cells and their properties were compared. The Michaelis–Menten constant Km values are 2.0 μM for mDAT and 2.4 μM for hDAT. Mouse and human DAT were also compared for drug inhibition profiles. Dopamine transporters from the two species have the same sensitivity to amphetamine (Kd: 0.75 μM) and bupropion (Kd: 1.5 μM). However, hDAT is more sensitive than mDAT to cocaine (Kd: 0.14 μM and 0.29 μM respectively) and to ritalin (Kd: 0.038 μM and 0.12 μM respectively). The cloning of mDAT cDNA provides an important tool for further study of the mechanism of drug addiction using mouse as an animal model.
Ultracold scattering properties of the short-lived Rb isotopes

We compute the scattering properties of rubidium atoms at ultracold temperatures, placing special emphasis on the radioactive isotopes ${}^{82}\mathrm{Rb}{,}^{83}\mathrm{Rb}{,}^{84}\mathrm{Rb},$ and ${}^{86}\mathrm{Rb}.$ In combination with the more ``conventional'' isotope ${}^{87}\mathrm{Rb},$ these species yield a wide variety of scattering behavior, with consequences for creating mixtures of Fermi-Fermi, Fermi-Bose, and Bose-Bose gases. In each of these mixtures we find at least one case where the interspecies scattering lengths can be tuned using an external magnetic field. These results should greatly broaden the prospects for quantum degenerate gases in future experiments.
The Latest Development on the Heat Treatment, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Low-Carbon Martensite Steel

In this paper, the latest research development on the heat treatment processes, microstructure and mechanical properties of low-carbon martensite steel was reviewed. And the effects of heat treatment processes on the microstructure and mechanical properties of low-carbon martensite steel were analyzed.