cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distribution of pigment dispersing hormone- and tachykinin-related peptides in the central nervous system of the copepod crustacean Calanus finmarchicus

Peptides represent the largest class of signaling molecules used by nervous systems, functioning as locally-released paracrines and circulating hormones in both invertebrates and vertebrates. While many studies have focused on elucidating peptidergic systems in higher crustaceans, little is known about neuropeptides in the more primitive crustacean taxa. Here, we have begun an investigation of the peptides present in the central nervous system (CNS) of the copepod crustacean Calanus finmarchicus, presenting immunohistochemical data on the presence and distribution of pigment dispersing hormone (PDH) and tachykinin-related peptide (TRP). In this species, strong PDH-like immunoreactivity was restricted to one pair of somata in the protocerebrum (PC) and the axonal projections emanating from them. TRP-like immunopositive structures were present in the PC, deutocerebrum (DC), tritocerebrum (TC), and ventral nerve cord (VNC). In the PC, a single soma in the left hemisphere was labeled. This neuron appears to be the source of a centrally located, bilaterally symmetric plexus present within the PC. In the DC, two pairs of intensely immunopositive somata were labeled, each projecting axons toward the posterior and producing an extensive collection of putative release terminals that spans the DC, TC, and anterior portion of the VNC. Several other more weakly labeled somata were also present in the DC. Double-labeling studies indicated that no co-localization of PDH- and TRP-like peptides is present in the C. finmarchicus CNS. As preadsorption controls completely abolished each label, we feel these data represent accurate distributions of PDH- and TRP-like peptides within the C. finmarchicus CNS, thus providing a framework for future studies of the functional roles members of these peptide families play in this copepod species.
Drinking status and stigmatization

Research focused on the stigmatizing effects of alcohol-related labels has typically focused on social rejection (usually using a social distance scale). In the present study, affective reactions (or attitudes) were obtained with regard to four labels: alcoholic, problem drinker, recovered alcoholic, and social drinker. These attitudes were compared across four groups: an urban sample, a rural sample, a sample of graduate social work students, and a sample of alcoholics from a detoxification center. The results indicated that labeling persons as alcoholics or problem drinkers may lead to stigmatization, with the extent of stigmatization a function of the type of social group to which the respondents belonged. In addition, the destigmatization potential of certain labels that are used by self-help groups appeared to be questionable. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for treatment, particularly with respect to the similarities and differences between the alcoholic and the student-prac...
Molecular Dynamics Investigations of Z[WC] DNA and the B to Z-DNA Transition

Although DNA is most commonly found in the right-handed B-DNA structure, it is known that biologically active systems also contain left-handed ZII-DNA. We investigate the possibility that Z[WC]-DNA serves as an intermediate structure in the B to ZII transition. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that Z[WC] forms stable structures with the current AMBER nucleic acid force field. Steered molecular dynamics simulations indicate that, for collective transitions of the whole strand, the B-Z[WC]-ZII pathway may have a lower free-energy barrier than the direct B-ZII pathway. A careful combination of steered and targeted molecular dynamics, along with umbrella sampling, are used to produce potentials of mean force for both the direct and the B-Z[WC]-ZII pathways.
Infection of tobacco leaf epidermal protoplasts with tobacco mosaic virus.

Abstract Protoplasts from the epidermal cells of tobacco leaves were prepared and inoculated with tobacco mosaic virus. Up to 50% of the protoplasts became infected and, within 3 days, contained an average of 5 × 10 5 virus particles per protoplast. Hexagonal crystalline inclusions were observed in many of the infected protoplasts.
Properties of injection moulded blends of starch and modified biodegradable polyesters

Abstract The properties of blends of starch and aliphatic biodegradable polyesters are presented in this paper. The aliphatic polyesters used include: polye-caprolactone, polybutylene succinate and a butanediol–adipate–terephthalate copolymer. To improve the compatibility between the starch and the synthetic polyester, a compatibilizer containing an anhydride functional group incorporated on to the polyester backbone was used. The blends were melt compounded using a twin-screw extruder. The concentration of the starch in the blend was varied from 10% to 70% by weight. The amylopectin content of the starches varied from 30% to 99%. The addition of a small amount of compatibilizer increased the strength significantly over the uncompatibilized blend. For the compatibilized blend, the tensile strength was invariant with starch content when compared to the original polyester, while it decreased with increase in starch content for the uncompatibilized blend. Blends displayed a sharp intake of water and those containing butanediol–adipate–terephthalate copolymer had a higher water absorption than those containing the other polyester. Each blend displayed two glass transition; one corresponding to the polyester and the other corresponding to starch. For compatibilized blends, the glass transition temperature of starch in the blend is lower than that observed for the uncompatibilized blend. For all polyester blends, those containing 99% amylopectin starch at 70% level had the lowest crystallinity which otherwise decreased with decreased amylopectin level in the starch. Blend morphology indicates that the starch phase become finer as the amylopectin in the blend increased. Also, a higher starch content led to greater melting of the starch granules and at 70% starch by weight, a cocontinuous phase between the starch and the synthetic polymer exists.
Pediatric craniopharyngiomas: Long term results of combined treatment with surgery and radiation

From 1961 to 1981, 19 pediatric patients with craniopharyngiomas were treated with external beam radiation post surgery. Twelve underwent primary treatment while seven were treated for recurrence. Median follow-up is 21 years (range 8-28 years) with an overall 20-year survival of 62%. Twenty-six percent (5/19) developed disease recurrence following radiation. Of the multiple patient and treatment parameters analyzed, only initial disease status (i.e., primary vs recurrence), surgical extent, radiation dose, and treatment prior to routine use of CT scans (1961-1974) appeared to have major influence on patient outcome. The 20-year survival for those treated for primary disease was 78% versus 25% for those treated for recurrence. Fifty percent (3/6) of patients receiving tumor doses of 5400 cGy. Four of the five recurrences occurred in patients treated during the pre-CT era. Long term effects of treatment were analyzed. Surgical morbidity correlated strongly with extent of surgery. All patients who underwent total resection developed surgical sequelae. Radiation morbidity correlated strongly with radiation dose. The incidence of vascular or neurologic complications attributable to radiation were minimal, occurring in only two patients. Both received doses higher than that given with modern therapy. Long-term results from this series are better than those reported with surgery alone. Use of modern surgical and radiation equipment/technique along with CT/MRI imaging should yield improved treatment results both in terms of lower recurrence and lower toxicity rates.
Sustainability as a Conceptual Focus for Public Administration

This article argues that sustainability should define the conceptual focus for the field of public administration in the coming decade. Sustainability involves three systems: environmental, economic, and political/social systems. The challenge of governance, and thus of public administration, is to sustain each of these systems on its own while maintaining an appropriate balance among them. The article defines the sustainability concept, and its environmental component in particular, in ways that are relevant to public administration; assesses the validity of the concept in terms of the interrelationships and interdependencies among the three systems; and suggests the implications for the field. By integrating knowledge and study of the environmental system with the traditional competence in the political/social and economic systems that is expected in the field, public administrators may achieve a more theoretically complete and empirically valid foundation for education, research, and practice. And just as many apparently insoluble problems have eluded solution until someone discovered the “right” way to view them, so it may be that our failure to cope adequately with certain large and complex problems of our time is a consequence of failure to see the unifying elements in the complexity. —Lynton K. Caldwell, 1963
Stromal Inhibition of Megakaryocytic Differentiation Correlates with Blockade of Signaling by Protein Kinase C-ε and ERK/MAPK

Contact with bone marrow stromal cells maintains normal and leukemic hematopoietic progenitors in an undifferentiated state. Recently, stromal contact has been shown to diminish the yield of megakaryocytes in cultures of primary human hematopoietic stem cells. This inhibition may explain the poor megakaryocytic engraftment frequently observed after bone marrow transplantation. In the current study, stromal co-culture is shown to render K562 cells refractory to megakaryocytic induction. This stromal inhibition correlated with the selective down-regulation in K562 cells of protein kinase C-epsilon (PKC-epsilon), which has recently been implicated in regulation of megakaryocytic lineage commitment. In addition, the stromal inhibition correlated with inactivation of the ERK/MAPK pathway, which has also been implicated in promoting megakaryocytic development. Forced expression of PKC-epsilon by retroviral transduction was insufficient to reverse the stromal blockade of ERK/MAPK signaling or of megakaryocytic induction. Thus stromal interruption of ERK/MAPK signaling occurred independently of PKC-epsilon levels and correlated more closely with megakaryocytic blockade. These findings provide potential mechanisms for stromal inhibition of hematopoietic differentiation and possibly for the poor megakaryocytic engraftment seen after bone marrow transplantation.
TRF1 promotes parallel pairing of telomeric tracts in vitro

Abstract Human telomeres consist of long arrays of TTAGGG repeats bound to the telomere-specific proteins, TRF1 and TRF2. Here we describe the structure of in vitro complexes formed between telomeric DNA and TRF1 as deduced by electron microscopy. Visualization of TRF1 bound to DNA containing six or 12 tandem TTAGGG repeats revealed a population of DNAs containing a spherical protein complex localized just to the repeats. Mass analysis of the protein complexes suggested binding of TRF1 dimers and tetramers to the TTAGGG repeats. The DNA was not significantly compacted or extended by protein binding. TRF1 formed filamentous structures on longer telomeric repeat arrays (≥27 repeats) consistent with the presence of an array of bound TRF1 dimers. Unexpectedly, there was a strong propensity for two telomeric tracts to form paired synapses over the TRF1 covered segment. Up to 30% of the TRF1-bound DNAs could be found in a paired configuration with a strong bias for a parallel as contrasted to an antiparallel arrangement. TRF1-induced pairing was confirmed using a ligation assay which detected the formation of DNA multimers dependent on the presence of TRF1 and a 27mer repeat array in the DNA. These findings suggests that this protein may have an architectural role at telomeres. We discuss the possibility that TRF1-dependent changes in the conformation of telomeres are involved in the regulation of telomere length.
Effects of apparent size and speed on the response of chickens, Gallus gallus, to computer-generated simulations of aerial predators

Abstract Abstract. Male chickens, Gallus gallus , produce aerial alarm calls in response to a broad range of stimuli moving overhead, including both predators and innocuous objects. Computer-generated animations of raptor-shaped images were presented on an overhead video monitor to explore the stimulus characteristics necessary for eliciting both aerial alarm calls and non-vocal anti-predator behaviour (e.g. crouching and visual fixation). In experiment 1, apparent size (angle subtended at the bird's eye) was varied from 1° to 8°. Stimuli subtending more than 4° elicited qualitatively more alarm calls than smaller stimuli. The magnitude of non-vocal responses also increased significantly with stimulus size. In experiment 2, apparent speed was varied over a range extending from values characteristic of soaring raptors at one end (1·875 lengths/s), to values near the highest recorded (30 lengths/s) at the other. Stimuli moving faster than 7·5 lengths/s evoked significantly more alarm calling than slower-moving stimuli. Increases in apparent speed also caused a small but significant increase in the magnitude of non-vocal responses. Hence, the non-vocal anti-predator behaviour elicited by overhead stimuli is strongly influenced by apparent size. In natural encounters, this cue varies with object altitude and is likely to be a good predictor of the probability of detection and attack by a raptor. The data on vocal responses suggest that, at least when shape is constant, the probability of alarm calling is dependent on whether stimuli exceed threshold values for apparent size and speed. This perceptual strategy has the advantage of requiring minimal processing and may be adaptive for species, like the jungle fowl, that have evolved in habitats where visibility is limited and reaction times must therefore be brief.
Solution Structure of LSIII, a Long Neurotoxin from the Venom of Laticauda semifasciata†,‡

We report the sequence-specific proton assignments and solution structure of the long neurotoxin LSIII from the venom of Laticauda semifasciata determined by two- and three-dimensional 1H NMR. Input for structure calculations consisted of 497 NOE-derived distance restraints and 45 dihedral angle restraints obtained from J couplings. A two-particle-per-residue representation of protein structure was used to generate 200 initial structures which were then subjected to all-atom refinement by simulated annealing. Twenty-three final structures consistent with the experimental restraints were obtained; the average atomic RMS difference between the individual structures and the mean structure was 0.82 A for the backbone heavy atoms and 1.3 A for all heavy atoms (residues 1−26, 37−60). The main elements of regular secondary structure are a three-stranded antiparallel β-sheet and three finger-like loops protruding from a globular core, consistent with previously reported structures of long neurotoxins. The end of ...
Current-Mass Ratios of the Light Quarks

We investigate the current-mass ratios of the light quarks by fitting the squared meson masses to second order in chiral-symmetry breaking, determining corrections to Weinberg's first-order values: m/sub u//m/sub d/ = 0.56, m/sub s//m/sub d/ = 20.1. We find that to this order, m/sub s//m/sub d/ is a known function of m/sub u//m/sub d/. The values of the quark-mass ratios can be constrained by limiting the size of second-order corrections to the squares of meson masses. We find that for specific values of presently unmeasured phenomenological parameters one can have a massless u quark. In that case 30% of the squares of meson masses arise from operators second order in chiral-symmetry breaking.
Effect of pancuronium on intraocular pressure changes induced by succinylcholine.

The study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of pretreatment with a small dose of pancuronium on intraocular pressure changes associated with administration of succinylcholine and tracheal intubation. Thirty patients divided into control and study groups were anaesthetized with sodium thiopentone (3-5 mg · kg1) and intubation with the aid of succinylcholine (1 mg · kg-1).
CHAOS-INDUCED AVOIDED LEVEL CROSSING AND TUNNELING

We study the quantum effect of chaos on dynamical tunneling in the driven pendulum. We analyze the avoided level crossing between the Floquet states associated with the chaotic part of the phase space and a member of the quasidegenerate doublet. As a result of the interaction, the doublet state whose Husimi distribution was initially localized on Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser symmmetric islands exchanges its structure with the chaotic state. We investigate the implications of this kind of avoided crossing on the quantum dynamics of a wave packet initially centered on one of the symmetric islands.
Evidence for a Relatively Random Array of Human Chromosomes on the Mitotic Ring

We used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to study the positions of human chromosomes on the mitotic rings of cultured human lymphocytes, MRC-5 fibroblasts, and CCD-34Lu fibroblasts. The homologous chromosomes of all three cell types had relatively random positions with respect to each other on the mitotic rings of prometaphase rosettes and anaphase cells. Also, the positions of the X and Y chromosomes, colocalized with the somatic homologues in male cells, were highly variable from one mitotic ring to another. Although random chromosomal positions were found in different pairs of CCD-34Lu and MRC-5 late-anaphases, the separations between the same homologous chromosomes in paired late-anaphase and telophase chromosomal masses were highly correlated. Thus, although some loose spatial associations of chromosomes secondary to interphase positioning may exist on the mitotic rings of some cells, a fixed order of human chromosomes and/or a rigorous separation of homologous chromosomes on the mitotic ring are not necessary for normal mitosis. Furthermore, the relative chromosomal positions on each individual metaphase plate are most likely carried through anaphase into telophase.
Reinforcement of weakened surrounding cavity walls with pins.

A surrounding cavity wall is the wall of a tooth that remains after cavity preparation. There is a thought that pins may add strength to the surrounding walls to protect them from fracture. Different types and sixes of pins have different retentive strengths.‘-* The regular TMS self-threading pin (Whaledent, Inc., New York, N.Y.) is most retentive, and the cemented pin is least retentive. Zinc phosphate cement has provided adequate strength for retention for all types of cemented pins.‘s9*‘0 Pins can be inserted in different locations and directions, and their retentive effect may be used in different ways. Markley” demonstrated that cross-splinting with L-shaped pins combined with intracoronal amalgam restorations can bind the tooth to resist splitting, and cross-splinting weakened cavity walls with pins can tie the weakened cavity walls together and make the tooth stronger. There are many teeth with weakened or fractured surrounding walls that need to be strengthened. The purpose of this study was to examine the reinforcement effect of different types and number of pins inserted at 45and 90-degree directions to weakened surrounding cavity walls.
An Analysis of Interurban Air Travel

Introduction, 87. — I. Theoretical considerations, 88. — II. Statistical analysis: New York and Chicago, 90. — III. Comparison of cities by size classes, 91. — IV. Conclusion, 94.
Gluon distribution functions for very large nuclei at small transverse momentum.

We show that the gluon distribution function for very large nuclei may be computed for small transverse momentum as correlation functions of an ultraviolet finite two-dimensional Euclidean field theory. This computation is valid to all orders in the density of partons per unit area, but to lowest order in ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}$. The gluon distribution function is proportional to $\frac{1}{x}$, and the effect of the finite density of partons is to modify the dependence on the transverse momentum for small transverse momenta.
Chaos and fractals on your personal computer

IN RECENT YEARS, a collection of computer generated images displaying a strange mixture of symmetry and randomness has sparked the interest of various disciplines in a new concept calledchaos. The images have been referred to as examples offractals, a term whose mathematical definition is considerably more difficult to appreciate than the images themselves. Rapidly changing computer graphics technology has now made it possible to produce fractal images on any personal computer with high resolution graphics output using any high level language containing graphics commands. The purpose of this paper is to describe algorithms that generate four different kinds of fractal images: (i) recursively defined curves (Koch curves) (ii) strange attractors (iii) portions of the Mandelbrot set and (iv) Julia sets. These algorithms are simple enough to use in programming assignments or as examples in almost any introductory programming course. At the same time, they will generate images similar to some of the most famous chaos and fractal images. Sample programs in LOGO and Pascal with corresponding graphics output are included in the paper.
Using distribution LMP and time-of-delivery pricing to promote optimal placement and increased profitability of residential PV systems

In order to stimulate continued expansion of residential PV in the future, PV should be reimbursed for the benefits it provides to the grid with local distributed generation. This includes market mechanisms to compensate for the time-of- delivery (TOD) of the solar energy and the location of the injection using distribution locational marginal prices (DLMP's). The benefits of using TOD pricing is analyzed for three LMP nodes in NYISO for the real-time and the day-ahead markets for 2011. A local distribution system market is demonstrated with varying DLMP prices that depend on distribution system losses. The DLMP's change with local generation, substation price curves, time of day, line losses, and feeder load. Such a market allows the PV owner to be reimbursed appropriately for a reduction in system losses and allows PV to naturally be installed in the optimal locations due to the pricing mechanism.
A method for discovering components of human rituals from streams of sensor data

This paper describes an algorithm for determining if an event occurs persistently within an interval where the interval is periodic but the event is not. The goal of the algorithm is to identify events with this property and also determine the minimum interval in which they occur. This solution is geared towards discovering human routines by considering the triggering of simple sensors over a diverse set of spatial and temporal scales. After describing the problem and the proposed solution, in this paper we demonstrate using testbed data and simulations that this approach uncovers components of routines by identifying which events are parts of the same routine through their temporal properties.
Failures of the four-wave mixing model for cone emission

Abstract Strontium vapor is pumped by an unfocused, single-mode, pulsed dye laser tuned near the 461 nm resonance transition. With blue laser detuning the previously reported red-shifted conical emission is present. We simultaneously resolve in angle and in frequency the emissions from this intense, near-resonant pumping of a “two-level” atom. This quantitative spectral and angular discrimination provides uniquely detailed measurements and demonstrates a serious lack of understansding of this highly nonlinear phenomenon.
Ethical implications of Human Resource Information Systems

As a result of the proliferation of Human Resource Information Systems among organizations, employee data are being used in nontraditional ways. Although these uses increase efficiency, they can conflict with the rights and interests of employees, external stakeholders, and society at large. Yet the ethical concerns associated with automated data bases larely have been ignored. This paper examines these issues within the context of three ethical theories. Implications and suggestions for managers are discussed.
Stochastic integrals of empirical-type processes with applications to censored regression

Abstract Motivated by the analysis of linear rank estimators and the Buckley-James nonparametric EM estimator in censored regression models, we study herein the asymptotic properties of stochastic integrals of certain two-parameter empirical processes. Applications of these results on empirical processes and their stochastic integrals to the asymptotic analysis of censored regression estimators are also given.
Sport concussion assessment tool-2 (SCAT2) scores in the acute phase following concussion in high school athletes

Objective To investigate changes in SCAT2 scores in high school athletes in the first 10 days post-concussion. Design Within subjects, repeated measures. Setting High school athletic facilities. Patients 119 high school athletes who sustained a sport-related concussion diagnosed by their athletic trainer (102 males, 15 females, and 2 missing, age=15.8±1.2, grade=10.0±1.0 level). Interventions The SCAT2 was administered during a preseason baseline, day of injury (DOI), and days 3 (D3) and 10 (D10) post-concussion. The SCAT2 total score is calculated by summing each component score, and has a maximum of 100 points. Main Outcome Measures Day of testing served as the independent variable and the dependent variable was SCAT2 total score. Analyses were conducted using a generalised estimating equations approach to accommodate repeated measures of the same participants. An inverse Gaussian distribution and identity link were specified, along with robust variance estimators. Follow-up pairwise tests employed a Bonferroni correction. Results The omnibus test was significant (p Conclusions SCAT2 scores decreased significantly during the first 3 days post-concussion, demonstrating impairments in a composite score that includes symptoms, mental status, and balance. Deficits in the SCAT2 recovered to levels above baseline by D10, indicating a resolution of concussion related impairments. Acknowledgements This study was funded by a grant from the National Operating Committee for Standards on Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE). Competing interests None.
Sellmeier fits with linear regression; multiple data sets; dispersion formulas for helium.

Linear regression, combined with search over nonlinear parameters, is useful in fitting Sellmeier formulas to dispersion data. A special advantage accrues in fitting several sets of data to one formula: linear regression permits systematic normalization to a common absolute value. Rational procedures are discussed also for weighting of data sets of unequal precision. The fitting of common formulas to six sets of data on helium, for wavelengths from 0.09 to 2 μm, illustrates the various procedures.
Incisional hernia following liver transplantation: today's incidence and causes of this pesky problem.

Background Patients after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) have a high risk of developing incisional hernia (IH). In the literature incidences between 5% and 17% are reported. Patients and methods: In 90 patients, who underwent OLT between October 1998 and December 2005, a retrospective analysis on the occurrence of IH was performed. Surgical access for OLT was a transversal upper laparotomy. Age, gender, primary disease, ICU stay, immunosuppressive regimen and two different closure techniques (running suture or single sutures in layers) were evaluated. Results In 73 patients (76.7%, group 2) healing of the incision was without problems, in 17 patients (23.3%, group 1), IH occurred. Total survival was similar between the groups (86.3% vs. 94.1%, n.s.). No significant differences between the groups concerning age, gender, body mass index, platelet count and duration of ICU stay were found. Also, the technique of abdominal closure had no impact on the development of IH. No IH was found in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 15), whereas endstage liver cirrhosis (n = 75) was associated with development of IH (p = 0.064). Multivariate analysis revealed end-stage liver cirrhosis, Sirolimus, and MMF to be independent significant risk factors for IH after OLT. Conclusion IH following OLT has to be regarded a frequent complication. While technique of abdominal closure seems to have no impact, primary diagnosis and kind of immunosuppressive regimen exerted a significant influence on the formation of IH.
A Brief History of Ophthalmic Publications in America

The recent establishment of a rare book collection as part of the American Academy of Ophthalmology Foundation Museum gives Academy members additional access to an important facet of our ophthalmic heritage. Many 17th and 18th century works, such as those of Cotton Mather and Philip Syng Physick, long remained in manuscript form. Published works on ophthalmology first appeared as chapters in surgical texts. Ophthalmology texts authored by Americans followed the important texts from England and the Continent, and the works of Frick (1823) and Littell (1837) deserve special mention. Other works, including the memoirs of Elisha North, the founder of the first American eye infirmary, and the transcript of the trial of George McClellan following failed cataract surgery, give vivid insights into our country's ophthalmic beginnings.
Magnetic correlations and quantum criticality in the insulating antiferromagnetic, insulating spin liquid, renormalized Fermi liquid, and metallic antiferromagnetic phases of the Mott system V2O3

Magnetic correlations in all four phases of pure and doped vanadium sesquioxide (V_2O_3) have been examined by magnetic thermal-neutron scattering. Specifically, we have studied the antiferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases of metallic V_(2-y)O_3, the antiferromagnetic insulating and paramagnetic metallic phases of stoichiometric V_2O_3, and the antiferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases of insulating V_(1.944)Cr_(0.056)O_3. While the antiferromagnetic insulator can be accounted for by a localized Heisenberg spin model, the long-range order in the antiferromagnetic metal is an incommensurate spin-density wave, resulting from a Fermi surface nesting instability. Spin dynamics in the strongly correlated metal are dominated by spin fluctuations with a "single lobe'' spectrum in the Stoner electron-hole continuum. Furthermore, our results in metallic V_2O_3 represent an unprecedentedly complete characterization of the spin fluctuations near a metallic quantum critical point, and provide quantitative support for the self-consistent renormalization theory for itinerant antiferromagnets in the small moment limit. Dynamic magnetic correlations for ħω<k_BT in the paramagnetic insulator carry substantial magnetic spectral weight. However, they are extremely short-ranged, extending only to the nearest neighbors. The phase transition to the antiferromagnetic insulator, from the paramagnetic metal and the paramagnetic insulator, introduces a sudden switching of magnetic correlations to a different spatial periodicity which indicates a sudden change in the underlying spin Hamiltonian. To describe this phase transition and also the unusual short-range order in the paramagnetic state, it seems necessary to take into account the orbital degrees of freedom associated with the degenerate d orbitals at the Fermi level in V_2O_3.
Elderly patients may benefit from tight glucose control.

Background While minimizing hyperglycemia in critically injured patients improves outcomes, it is debatable whether postinjury glucose control should aim for conventional glucose control levels (≤180 mg/dL) or tight glucose control levels (81–108 mg/dL). We queried our 17-year prospective database of patients at risk for postinjury multiple organ failure to examine the association between glucose levels and adverse outcomes. Methods Acutely injured patients admitted to a Level I trauma center intensive care unit from 1992 to 2008 who were more than 15 years of age, had Injury Severity Scores >15, and who survived >48 hours were eligible for the study. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the independent association of glucose control with adverse outcomes (death, ventilator-free days, intensive care unit–free days, and major infections), adjusted for Injury Severity Score, age, and red blood cell transfusion in the first 12 hours. Results Overall, 2,231 patients were eligible, of whom 153 (6.9%) died. The mean age was 37.8 ± 0.4 years, and the median Injury Severity Score was 27 (interquartile range, 21–35). The majority (77%) of these patients maintained mean glucose within conventional glucose control levels and only 10% achieved mean glucose levels within tight glucose control levels. Nonsurvivors required greater doses of insulin to control glucose levels and had greater mean insulin to glucose ratios (t test; P = .025). After adjusting for confounders, mean glucose remained significantly associated with the studied adverse outcomes. Age significantly modified all these associations with older patients seeming to benefit more from tight glucose control levels than their younger counterparts. Conclusion Age is an effect modifier of the association between glucose levels and adverse outcomes. Future studies including larger samples of elderly trauma patients are needed to determine the ideal levels for glucose control in this growing population.
Left ventricular dimensions and mechanics in distance runners.

Abstract We assessed heart size and mechanics at rest in highly trained distance runners. By means of two-dimensional echocardiography, we compared 62 runners (>40 miles/week) and 84 nonrunners. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume index and mass index were larger in runners than in nonrunners ( p p p p
Public housing, home ownership, and community participation in Chicago's inner city

Abstract The impact of public housing on the motivation of its tenants to engage in action to prevent its deterioration has been a topic of recent debate. This discussion has led some to advocate the sale of public housing to tenants as a means of giving them a stake in their community, and, thus, the motive to prevent its deterioration. By using the Urban Poverty Family Life Survey, this paper estimates the effects of public housing and home ownership on rates of community participation. The results do not support those who claim that residents of inner‐city public housing are less likely to become involved in community affairs than inner‐city home owners. The results also suggest that factors other than housing tenure status, such as church attendance, family structure, and the number of families known in the neighborhood are responsible for variation in rates of community participation. Taken together, these results stress the need to look beyond the simple causal relationship between community partici...
Commercial Insurance of Financial Disclosure: Auditors’ Independence, and Investors’ Protection

In this paper the authors propose, for preliminary consideration and discussion, a system of commercial insurance of financial disclosures (CIFD), under which users of financial information (owners and potential owners of business enterprises) and providers of financial information (managers of business enterprises) would be able to purchase insurance policies from private insurers (commercial insurance companies). These insurance policies would be designed to protect users of financial statements from specific, well-defined losses directly attributable to their use of financial disclosures that failed to conform to contractually defined standards. To reduce their own risks insurance companies will likely purchase from assurance experts (certified public accountants, financial analysts, and management consultants) services assuring adherence to standards. The paper discusses the dynamics of the decisions and negotiations within and among groups of investors, managers, insurers, assurors, and government regulators. The advantages of CIFD over current US regulation of financial disclosure are analyzed. Those advantages, which include increases in the independence of external auditors, improvements in the quality of their audits, and better protection for investors, are assessed. It is argued that CIFD may be capable of evolving into a very flexible system that would accommodate alternative regulatory structures.
Equilibrium measure and Brownian escape process

The probability density of Brownian escape process has been obtained recently by R. K. Getoor. In this note we illustrate that Getoor's result can also be obtained by considering equilibrium charge distribution on a metal ball of radiusr>0. This approach reveals a connection between Brownian escape process and classical potential theory.
Pacific oyster nocardiosis: Isolation of the bacterium and induction of laboratory infections

Abstract A recently isolated bacterium is associated with and augments mortalities among adult Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, reared in warm, eutrophic embayments in Washington state and British Columbia, Canada. The bacterium was isolated from both hemolymph and adductor muscle pustules from infected animals. The actinomycete-like bacterium stained Gram-positive, acid-fast, and periodic acid-Schiff base-positive. The presence of catalase, a trilaminar cell wall, and common antigens with Nocardia spp. indicates that the bacterium belongs in this genus. Experimentally induced infections of oysters had gross and microscopic signs and mortality levels similar to those observed in natural infections with the bacterium. Concentrations of 1.44 × 105 cfu/ml injected into the heart of adult Pacific oysters maintained in full-strength sea water at 21°C resulted in a 47% mortality within 34 days.
Depth of Processing in Response to Own- and Other-Race Faces

Three groups of Caucasian subjects viewed a series of portraits of white, black, and Japanese persons, respectively. They were asked to write their first thought or response to each picture. A scale was developed to score for "depth of processing" reflected in their responses. White portraits elicited deeper processing responses than did black or Japanese portraits. Expectation of a subsequent recognition memory test affected processing of Japanese portraits. The findings suggest a possible explanation of the difficulty white subjects experience when asked to recognize other-race faces.
Knives, guns, and interparent violence : Relations with child behavior problems

Behavior problems were examined across 3 groups of children (8-12 years of age), living in families characterized by recent physical spousal violence. The groups were (a) 47 children who reported observing marital violence that included the threat or use of knives or guns (observed); (b) 57 children who did not report witnessing marital violence involving knives or guns but whose mothers reported that violence involving knives or guns had occurred in a recent marital dispute (occurred); and (c) 51 children who did not report witnessing marital violence involving knives or guns and whose mothers also reported no violence involving knives or guns (neither). Children in the observed group displayed higher levels of behavior problems than did children in the neither group, but they did not differ from children in the occurred group. Children in the occurred group also displayed higher levels of behavior problems than did children in the neither group.
Ion-beam-deposited ultrathin transparent metal contacts

Using ion-beam sputtering we have prepared ultrathin transparent metal contacts with large broad-band optical transmittance and low electrical sheet resistance. Metal films deposited by ion-beam sputtering have exceptionally small surface roughness, and films as thin as about 20 A are continuous and conductive, and provide optical transmittance as large as 80%. Ultrathin transparent metal contacts provide a number of advantages over more commonly used conductive transparent metal oxides such as indium tin oxide. Unlike indium tin oxide, ultrathin metal contacts can be deposited at room temperature and require no post-deposition anneal, allowing thin film optoelectronic devices such as organic light-emitting diodes and photovoltaic cells to be fabricated on low-cost, lightweight, flexible polymeric substrates. Transparent metal contacts may also eliminate the oxygen-related degradation of organic thin film devices associated with indium tin oxide contacts. Using 30-A thick ion-beam-deposited transparent palladium contacts we have fabricated organic light-emitting diodes on inexpensive, flexible plastic substrates and obtained devices with good injection and emission characteristics. Finally, unlike indium tin oxide, ultrathin metal contacts provide large optical transmittance in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum, making them useful for ultraviolet photodetectors and providing the potential for increased conversion efficiency for photovoltaic cells, especially for space applications.
Androgenesis Conditioned by a Mutation in Maize

A maize embryo having the nuclear constitution of a reduced gametophyte cell is produced in 3 percent of the embryo sacs of inbred strain Wisconsin-23 that carry the mutant indeterminate gametophyte (ig). The nucleus of most monoploid sporophytes so derived is paternal. Such androgenetic monoploids may originate from a sperm nucleus acting in conjunction with the cytoplasm of a maternal cell from which the nucleus has been functionally displaced.
Natural variation and persistent developmental instabilities in geographically diverse accessions of the allopolyploid Arabidopsis suecica

Allopolyploids arise from the hybridization of two species concomitant to genome doubling. While established allopolyploids are common in nature and vigorous in growth, early generation allopolyploids are often less fertile than their progenitors and display frequent phenotypic instabilities. It is commonly assumed that new allopolyploid species must pass through a bottleneck from which only those lines emerge that have reconciled genomic incompatibilities inherited from their progenitors in their combined genome, yet little is known about the processes following allopolyploidization over evolutionary time. To address the question if a single allopolyploidization event leads to a single new homogeneous species or may result in diverse offspring lines, we have investigated 13 natural accessions of Arabidopsis suecica, a relatively recent allopolyploid derived from a single hybridization event. The studied accessions display low genetic diversity between lines, yet show evidence of heritable phenotypic diversity of traits, some of which may be adaptive. Furthermore, our data show that contrary to the notion that unstable phenotypes in neoallopolyploids are eliminated rapidly in the new species, some instabilities are carried along throughout the species' evolution, persisting in the established allopolyploid. In summary, our results suggest that a single allopolyploidization event may lay the foundation for diverse populations of the new allopolyploid species.
A CASE OF DELAYED AFTERBIRTH AMONG THE TZELTAL INDIANS

In 1947 Florence Gerdel briefly reported observing a Tzeltal Indian woman of Mexico experience delayed afterbirth of several hours. It was not until a witch doctor was able to reveal who had cast a curse on the woman was she able to finally expel the placenta. Following the expulsion of the placenta and tying of the childs umbilical cord a brief ceremony occurred.
On the LIML estimation of a structural equation by an iterative generalized least squares method

Abstract Interpreting the LIML as an iterative GLS , this note derives LIML normal equations which differ from the textbook version, draws on parallels between the LIML and the 2SLS and takes a fresh look at some of the familiar results bearing on the two methods.
Archaeological Evidence for a Former Bay at Seaside, Oregon

Cultural shell middens, a common feature of coastal landscapes, preserve a record of past human use of coastal resources and often provide important paleoenvironmental information. Molluscan remains from two shell midden sites, located 0.7 km from the modern Pacific coast at Seaside, Oregon, suggest the former presence of a small sheltered bay at this locality. The modern sand beaches in the Seaside area, stretching for 30 km southward from the mouth of the Columbia River, are exposed to high-energy surf where razor clams (Siliqua patula) are today the only common bivalve. By contrast, over 90% of molluscan remains (by weight) recovered from the archaeological sites represent species that favor sheltered water. Geologic studies in the Seaside area have shown that the beach prograded some 2 km over the last 4 millennia. The midden evidence suggests that the progradation was accompanied by the infilling of a former bay.
Vascular anatomy of the proximal ulna.

Purpose To describe the intraosseous arterial anatomy of the proximal ulna. Methods We used 9 fresh-frozen, above-elbow amputations to map the intraosseous arterial supply using the Spalteholtz technique. We treated 3 additional above-elbow amputations similarly, and then dissected them to map the extraosseous arterial supply. We recorded the extraosseous arterial patterns and compared them with the intraosseous arterial findings. Results The intraosseous arterial supply to the proximal ulna is derived primarily from a large nutrient vessel, a branch of the ulna artery, entering the anterior cortex of the ulna distal to the coronoid base, and from 2 medium-sized branches of the posterior and medial arcade entering near the olecranon tip. A watershed area is seen between these 2 vessel groups, halfway between the tips of the olecranon and coronoid. Conclusions The arterial supply of the proximal ulna is relatively consistent and flows in opposite directions from the 2 separate areas. Clinical relevance Knowledge of the arterial anatomy of the proximal ulna may assist the surgeon in minimizing surgical trauma, which may lead to improved healing after fracture fixations, osteotomies, and other surgical procedures around the elbow.
Childhood Secondhand Smoke Exposure and ADHD‐Attributable Costs to the Health and Education System

Author(s): Max, Wendy; Sung, Hai-Yen; Shi, Yanling | Abstract: BackgroundChildren exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) have higher rates of behavioral and cognitive effects, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but the costs to the health care and education systems have not been estimated. We estimate these costs for school-aged children aged 5-15.MethodsThe relative risk (RR) of ADHD from SHS exposure was obtained from our previous work. SHS exposure was measured using 2 alternative approaches--reported exposure and serum cotinine-measured exposure. RRs and SHS exposure were used to determine the number of children with SHS-attributable ADHD, and mean costs of ADHD-related health care and education services were applied to obtain SHS-attributable health care and education costs.ResultsAnnual health care costs of SHS-attributable ADHD ranged from $644 million (using reported SHS exposure) to $2.05 billion (using cotinine-measured exposure). SHS-attributable costs to the education system ranged from $2.90 to $9.23 billion.ConclusionsThe costs of SHS-attributable ADHD to the education system may total more than 4 times the costs for health care. The huge economic impact of SHS exposure on the education system has not been documented previously, and suggests that reducing childhood exposure to tobacco smoke will release substantial funds that could be used for general education of all children.