cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exchange Rate Adjustment And Output In SouthEast Asia

This paper studies the effect of currencydevaluation on aggregate output level in South- East Asian countries usingpanel data from Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines for a periodfrom 1980 to 2010. An empirical modelthat includes monetary, fiscal and exchange rate variables is developed. Two versions of the model, one with realexchange rate and another with nominal exchange rate and foreign-to-domesticprice ratio are estimated. An errorcorrection model is developed and the time series properties of the panel dataare diagnosed before estimating the model.The estimated results suggest that currency devaluations are contractionaryin the short run and the intermediate run and this contractionary effect comesfrom the change in nominal exchange rate and not from the change in foreign-to-domesticprice ratio.
On the Control Problem for Schrödinger Operators on Tori

We consider the linear Schrodinger equation on the three dimensional torus with a bounded spatially dependent potential and prove controllability. This extends the earlier work due to Burq, Zworski and the author in the two dimensional case.
New criteria for filament breakup in droplet-on-demand inkjet printing using volume of fluid (VOF) method

A volume of fluid (VOF) numerical study is presented in which new pi number-based criteria are discussed that identify and separate three different regimes for a droplet-on-demand (DOD) print-head system. A trailing filament coalesces into the main droplet while the filament breaks into one or multiple satellite droplet(s). The numerical simulation results are compared with published large-scale experimental results that used a 2 mm diameter inkjet nozzle head, roughly 50 times larger than the actual diameter of inkjet outlets. Liquid filament break-up behavior is predicted using a combination of two pi-numbers, including either Weber (We)-Ohnesorge (Oh) number couplets or Reynolds (Re)-Weber (We) number couplets that are dependent only on the ejected liquid properties and the velocity waveform at the print-head inlet. These new criteria have merit over the currently existing ones that require accurate measurements of actual droplets to determine filament physical features like length and diameter [1].
We Don't Believe in Transitional Justice: Law, Politics, and the Circulation of Legal Ideas in Colombia

This article draws on law and society theories related to the circulation of legal ideas in order to explain the instrumentalization of transitional justice in Colombia. Most scholarship explains transitional justice as a theoretical framework or a set of instruments that help redress mass violence. In contrast, this study reveals that the idea serves as a placeholder for different political actors, including policy makers and advocacy organizations, to promote their respective interests. Drawing on over 50 interviews with scholars, policy makers and advocates in Colombia, the study suggests that the power of transitional justice lies in its malleability, which facilitates its circulation. At the same time, its malleability is both its strength and weakness, as those with different political agendas can appropriate the idea in contradictory ways. The findings emphasize that understanding transitional justice requires a turn from abstract analyses that either take the idea for granted or try to define its meaning towards examining how people on the ground understand the idea, and how they translate those understandings into political action.
Fabrication and Characterization of Polymer-Enhanced TSVs, Inductors, and Antennas for Mixed-Signal Silicon Interposer Platforms

This paper demonstrates the fabrication and high-frequency characterization of polymer-enhanced technologies for a mixed-signal silicon interposer platform. First, the fabrication of 60- $\mu \text{m}$ -diameter and 285- $\mu \text{m}$ -tall photodefined polymer-embedded vias is demonstrated. Their losses are extracted using L–2L and open–short de-embedding techniques up to 30 GHz followed by parasitics extraction. Moreover, eye-diagram measurements are demonstrated for the vias at 10 Gb/s. Second, the fabrication and impedance extraction of 65- $\mu \text{m}$ -diameter and 285- $\mu \text{m}$ -tall photodefined polymer-enhanced coaxial vias are demonstrated. Finally, utilizing the photodefined polymer-enhanced silicon interposer technology, high-performance inductor and antenna are demonstrated over polymer wells.
Too little sleep and too much sleep among older adults: Associations with self-reported sleep medication use, sleep quality and healthcare utilization.

Aim The present study examined relationships among older adults' sleep duration (1–5 h and ≥10 h vs 6–9 h), sleep medication use, sleep quality and healthcare use. Methods The 2013 USA National Health Interview Survey provided data on a sample of 7196 community-dwelling individuals aged ≥65 years. Bivariate analyses and multivariate regression analyses were used to examine study questions. Results Of the sample, 85% slept 6–9 h on average, 8% slept 1–5 h and 7% slept ≥10 h. One-sixth of optimal sleepers, one-quarter of short sleepers and one-fifth of long sleepers used sleep medications at least once in the preceding week. Medication intake of one to two times, as opposed to non-use, was associated with a greater risk of short than optimal sleep (RRR 1.60, 95% CI 1.03–2.48). Short sleep was positively, but long sleep was negatively associated with trouble falling asleep and staying asleep. Any medication use was positively associated with trouble falling asleep and staying asleep. Short sleep was associated with greater odds of emergency department visits (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.06–1.77), whereas long sleep was associated with greater odds of an overnight hospital stay (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.04–2.11) and home care use (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.37–4.41). Medication intake one to two times was associated with greater odds of emergency department visits (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.11–1.98). Conclusions Sleep medication use does not appear to promote sleep health. Both short and long sleep durations are associated with a higher likelihood of healthcare use. Clinicians need to examine older adults' sleep health and medication use, and their effects on healthcare use. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; ••: ••–••.
A Review of 171 Consecutive Patients with Urinary Lithiasis

AbstractDuring a 3-year interval 171 patients with urinary tract calculi were seen and studied: 98 had kidney, 52 had ureteral and 21 had bladder calculi. In 54 of the 98 patients with kidney stones (55 per cent) abnormal elevations of the blood and/or urine calcium, uric acid or creatinine were noted. Of these 98 patients 54 (55 per cent) were treated with observation only, 42 (43 per cent) were treated surgically (with an operative mortality of 2.4 per cent) and in 2 the renal stones passed spontaneously. Sixty-two per cent of the patients with renal calculi had a history of stones. It is believed that asymptomatic renal stones located in a calix or calices and not associated with infection are best managed nonoperatively.The average age of the 52 patients presenting with ureteral calculi was 12 years younger than that of patients presenting with renal calculi (36 versus 48 years). In 46 per cent of these cases the ureteral calculi ultimately passed spontaneously. Conservative therapy of ureteral calcul...
An evidence-based algorithm for treating venous leg ulcers utilizing the cochrane database of systematic reviews.

BACKGROUND: This literature review serves to develop an evidence-based algorithm for the treatment of venous ulcerations and the development of a guideline to systemically treat venous leg ulcerations (VLUs) that may improve outcomes, restore function of the affected limb, and reduce health care costs. METHODS: The Cochrane Database and PubMed search engine were utilized to accumulate literature concerning venous ulcerations and their treatment. The most relevant literature was reviewed to develop an algorithm to guide treatment of VLUs. RESULTS: An algorithm was established outlining the use of compression therapy in VLUs present for < 4 weeks. If a wound is present after 4 weeks of therapy and has not reduced in size by ≥ 40%, bilayered living skin equivalents may be indicated. CONCLUSION: An algorithm was established to guide the treatment of venous ulcerations. By utilizing a systematic approach in treating VLUs, clinical outcomes may be improved. ﻿﻿﻿.
Performance of a Dynamically Balanced Gifford Mcmahon Cryogenic Refrigerator Cold Head

A quiet, vibration-free, Gifford McMahon (GM) lO-K refrigerator cold head has been developed for use in vibration-sensitive cryogenic systems. A unique, pneumatically driven displacer eliminates vibratory forces and enables several inherently long-life features to be incorporated into the design: Opposed dynamically balanced and pneumatically controlled displacer motions balance the inertia forces and eliminate the end-of-stroke impact loading (striking the housing) common in pneumatically driven GM refrigerators. In addition, the cold head employs clearance seals in a novel design approach to eliminate wear and extend life, and stationary regenerators to prevent compaction of the matrix material. This paper discusses the cold head and its principles of operation. The dynamic model developed to describe the cold head displacer motions is presented, as well as the methods used to control the motions for minimum vibration and optimum performance. Test data provide a measure of the cold head’s thermal performance at 10 K, and demonstrate that a 2.5 to 1 reduction in noise and a 5 to 1 reduction in vibration levels (g) over comparable commercially available GM refrigerators are possible with this design.
Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models: approaches for enabling personalized medicine

Personalized medicine strives to deliver the 'right drug at the right dose' by considering inter-person variability, one of the causes for therapeutic failure in specialized populations of patients. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is a key tool in the advancement of personalized medicine to evaluate complex clinical scenarios, making use of physiological information as well as physicochemical data to simulate various physiological states to predict the distribution of pharmacokinetic responses. The increased dependency on PBPK models to address regulatory questions is aligned with the ability of PBPK models to minimize ethical and technical difficulties associated with pharmacokinetic and toxicology experiments for special patient populations. Subpopulation modeling can be achieved through an iterative and integrative approach using an adopt, adapt, develop, assess, amend, and deliver methodology. PBPK modeling has two valuable applications in personalized medicine: (1) determining the importance of certain subpopulations within a distribution of pharmacokinetic responses for a given drug formulation and (2) establishing the formulation design space needed to attain a targeted drug plasma concentration profile. This review article focuses on model development for physiological differences associated with sex (male vs. female), age (pediatric vs. young adults vs. elderly), disease state (healthy vs. unhealthy), and temporal variation (influence of biological rhythms), connecting them to drug product formulation development within the quality by design framework. Although PBPK modeling has come a long way, there is still a lengthy road before it can be fully accepted by pharmacologists, clinicians, and the broader industry.
Fate of Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus in Meat Salads Prepared with Mayonnaise.

Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium were tested for their ability to survive and to multiply in meat salads prepared with different concentrations of mayonnaise and held at 4, 22, and 32 C. When mayonnaise was added to meat salads in amounts recommended by recipes from a reputable cookbook, it inactivated a substantial portion of the initial population of both S. aureus (30-60%) and S. typhimurium (20-25%). Salads that were refrigerated at 4 C for 24 h evidenced very little growth of either organism whether mayonnaise was present or not. Storing salads at 22 or 32 C for 5 h resulted in <1.0 log10 increase of either organism with the greatest increase occurring in salads containing no mayonnaise. Mayonnaise retarded but did not prevent the growth of S. aureus or S. typhimurium in salads stored at 22 or 32 C for 24 h. Increasing the concentration of mayonnaise in salads increased the degree to which growth of these organisms was delayed. Contrary to popular belief, the presence of mayonnaise in meat salads tends to retard rather than enhance growth of food-borne pathogens. However, addition of mayonnaise should not be considered a substitute for refrigeration for preserving meat salads from the growth of food-borne pathogens.
Depression impacts the physiological responsiveness of mother–daughter dyads during social interaction

Background Maternal depression is associated with increased risk of psychiatric illness in offspring. While risk may relate to depressed mothers’ difficulties regulating emotions in the context of interacting with offspring, physiological indicators of emotion regulation have rarely been examined during mother–child interactions—and never among mother–adolescent dyads in which both mother and adolescent have histories of major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods We examined changes in high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV), an indicator of parasympathetic (vagal) function that has been related to depression, stress, social engagement, and emotion regulation, in 46 mother–daughter dyads (23 in which both mother and daughter had an MDD history and 23 never-depressed controls). Hierarchical linear models evaluated changes in HF-HRV while mother–daughter dyads engaged in discussions about shared pleasant events and relationship conflicts. Results While control dyads displayed positive slopes (increases) in HF-HRV during both discussions, MDD dyads displayed minimal change in HF-HRV across discussions. Among controls, HF-HRV slopes were positively correlated between mothers and daughters during the pleasant events’ discussion. In contrast, HF-HRV slopes were negatively correlated between MDD mothers and daughters during both discussions. Conclusions Vagal responses observed in control mother–daughter dyads suggest a pattern of physiological synchrony and reciprocal positive social engagement, which may play a role in adolescent development of secure social attachments and healthy emotion regulation. In contrast, MDD mothers and daughters displayed diminished and discordant patterns of vagal responsiveness. More research is needed to understand the development and consequences of these patterns of parasympathetic responses among depressed mother–daughter dyads.
HSP90 Shapes the Consequences of Human Genetic Variation

Summary HSP90 acts as a protein-folding buffer that shapes the manifestations of genetic variation in model organisms. Whether HSP90 influences the consequences of mutations in humans, potentially modifying the clinical course of genetic diseases, remains unknown. By mining data for >1,500 disease-causing mutants, we found a strong correlation between reduced phenotypic severity and a dominant (HSP90 ≥ HSP70) increase in mutant engagement by HSP90. Examining the cancer predisposition syndrome Fanconi anemia in depth revealed that mutant FANCA proteins engaged predominantly by HSP70 had severely compromised function. In contrast, the function of less severe mutants was preserved by a dominant increase in HSP90 binding. Reducing HSP90's buffering capacity with inhibitors or febrile temperatures destabilized HSP90-buffered mutants, exacerbating FA-related chemosensitivities. Strikingly, a compensatory FANCA somatic mutation from an "experiment of nature" in monozygotic twins both prevented anemia and reduced HSP90 binding. These findings provide one plausible mechanism for the variable expressivity and environmental sensitivity of genetic diseases.
Junctional Hemorrhage Control for Tactical Combat Casualty Care

During historic, as well as more recent, conflicts, most combat casualties who die from their injuries do so in the prehospital setting. Although many of the injuries incurred by these casualties are nonsurvivable, a number of injuries are still potentially survivable. Of those injuries that are potentially survivable, the majority are truncal, junctional, and extremity hemorrhage. Novel and effective approaches directed toward prehospital hemorrhage control have emerged in recent years, some of which can prove useful in the management of junctional hemorrhage whether in a military or civilian setting. An initial comprehensive review of junctional tourniquets was conducted by the Department of Defense Committee on Tactical Combat Casualty Care in 2013. The objective of this article is to provide an updated review of junctional hemorrhage control efforts and devices as they apply primarily to military prehospital trauma management and Tactical Combat Casualty Care and to prompt further consideration and application of these devices in nonmilitary prehospital, austere, and wilderness environments. Four junctional tourniquets are currently cleared by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for junctional hemorrhage control, and 1 junctional tourniquet is also FDA-cleared for pelvic stabilization. As junctional hemorrhage control efforts progress, scientists need to continue to conduct research and clinicians need to continue to monitor the performance of junctional tourniquets, especially in conjunction with morbidity and mortality outcomes, for both military and civilian trauma patients.
Moving dirt: soil, lead, and the dynamic spatial politics of urban gardening

ABSTRACTUrban gardens are often heralded as places for building social, physical, and environmental health. Yet they are also sites of significant conflict based on competing political, economic, and ecological projects. These projects range from radical re-envisionings of liberatory urban spaces, reformist aesthetic and sanitary improvement programmes, to underwriting the production of the neo-liberal city. These projects are based on divergent visions of the garden ground itself, in particular, whether this is soil (the fertile and living source for growing food and social values) or dirt (an inert and even problematic substrate to be removed or built upon for development purposes). These are not fixed or mutually exclusive categories, but are unstable as soil/dirt moves in discursive and material ways over time and space. Contaminants such as lead in the soil contribute to this instability, reframing fertile soil as dangerous dirt. To understand this discursive and material movement of soil/dirt over t...
Advanced Materials Processes for Bio-Probes

Nanoelectronics Processing Facility, Naval Research Laboratory Washington, DC 20375 With the advent of the integrated circuit, our ability to form and to manipulate structures using a variety of materials has improved dramatically. We can currently fabricate objects with micron and submicron features out of silicon, polymers and metal. The geometries of these structures can be tailored to interface directly with living cells. In this paper, we review key processing techniques which may be applicable to biological research. We then present some examples of possible applications.
Understanding China’s urbanization: The great demographic, spatial, economic, and social transformation, by Li Zhang, Richard LeGates, and Min Zhao: Northampton, MA, Edward Elgar, 2016

Understanding China’s Urbanization is a massive compendium of facts and knowledge regarding China’s post-1980s rapid urbanization. It reflects the research findings of faculty at Tongji University,...
Mathematical Caring Relations in Action

In a small-scale, 8-month teaching experiment, the author aimed to establish and maintain mathematical caring relations (MCRs) (Hackenberg, 2005c) with 4 6th-grade students. From a teacher's perspective, establishing MCRs involves holding the work of orchestrating mathematical learning for students together with an orienta tion to monitor and respond to energetic fluctuations that may accompany student teacher interactions. From a student's perspective, participating in an MCR involves some openness to the teacher's interventions in the student's mathematical activity and some willingness to pursue questions of interest. In this article, the author elucidates the nature of establishing MCRs with 2 of the 4 students in the study and examines what is mathematical about these caring relations. Analysis revealed that student teacher interaction can be viewed as a linked chain of perturbations; in student-teacher interaction aimed toward the establishment of MCRs, the linked chain tends toward perturbations that are bearable (Tzur, 1995) for both students and teachers.
Lung Cancer Mortality in Males Screened by Chest X-ray and Cytologic Sputum Examination: A Preliminary Report

Since 1969 a study of the methodology and effect of screening for lung cancer has been carried out at the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions under the aegis and support of the National Cancer Institute. This study was expanded in 1972 into a controlled cooperative study with the participation of the Mayo Clinic Foundation and the Sloan-Kettering Center for Cancer Research.
Ontology-based Shot Indexing for Video Surveillance System

Indexing video data is very complex due to the enormous size of video files and their semantically rich contents and unstructured format. Therefore, the first step of video indexing begins with segmenting each video into a number of basic processing units. In general, the most widely used basic unit is a shot that is defined as collections of frames recorded from a single camera operation. Basically, there are two different approaches to index video using these shots. One is using low level features such as color, motion, or object. On the other hand, high-level features such as human interpretations are utilized for the indexing. Recently, a hybrid indexing combining these two approaches has been proposed to take advantages of both of them, and shows that dealing with both features has certain advantages. However, it is necessary that further improvements are required for which features can be extracted, and how they are identified. More importantly, further investigation is needed for the seamless integration of both levels for indexing purpose. To address these issues, we introduce ontology-based indexing for video surveillance system. Generally, video surveillance has non-predefined contents unlike movie or drama, and its main purposes are to detect and record abnormal events. Since ontology defines machine-interpretable definitions of basic concept in a domain, we can prevent semantic inconsistencies from human interpretations and apply it to handle surveillance data. Then, we can classify and index video data more precisely by using well-organized ontology. To illustrate the effectiveness of ontology based video indexing, we implement a Video Ontology System (VOS) to classify and index shots in a simple domain. Our experimental results show that the proposed approach is promising.
Introduction to the Chemical Industry: An Overview

Before beginning a detailed discussion of the chemical industry, we should have a basic appreciation for the main sectors of a developed economy so that we may understand the role that this industry plays in the overall picture. Table 1.1 gives the major divisions of the U.S. economy along with their official designations or Standard Industrial Classifications (SIC) by the U.S. Bureau of Census. A similar classification system is used in Western Europe, Japan, and other complex societies. These sectors are separate but interdependent. For example, manufacturing draws on mining to buy iron ore for steel manufacture. The manufacturing sector also converts steel to machinery to sell back to mining for its operations.
Analysis of Catalyst Surface Structure by Physical Sorption

Abstract Heterogeneous catalysis usually takes place by sequences of reactions involving fluid-phase reagents and the exposed layer of the solid catalyst surface. Estimation of the total catalyst surface area, its potential accessibility to gas- or liquid-phase reactants, and general catalytic activity are initially based on the morphology of the catalyst. Universally, measurements of adsorption and their interpretation are used to estimate the surface area and porosity relevant to catalytic reactions. We provide here a description of many traditional and recent techniques in adsorption-based catalyst characterization intended for experimental practitioners of adsorption. Our chapter includes descriptions of which regions of the isotherm correspond to micropore filling, mesopore filling, surface coverage, and saturation, supplemented by discussions of model isotherms, from the Langmuir isotherm and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller theory to the Halsey equation. Pore size distribution methods include the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda and related methods for mesopores, empirical methods developed for micropores, and simulation-based methods that have finally resolved the differences between adsorption (increasing loading) and desorption (decreasing loading). This chapter also includes a discussion of hysteresis and metastability, both of which “trip up” experimentalists from time to time. We finish with a description of data acquisition methods and equipment, which are often obscured behind the facade of automation, and a discussion of what users should be aware of and what can go wrong.
Impeachment As Punishment

In their recent book “To End a Presidency,” Prof. Laurence Tribe and Joshua Matz canvas the arguments for and against impeaching a president who has committed high Crimes and Misdemeanors. This review essay examines that same question—why impeach?—through the broader lens of criminal jurisprudence, which perennially confronts a related and familiar question: why punish? That latter question typically attracts a range of responses, which can be organized into three basic categories: Sometimes, punishing a criminal is thought to have concrete benefits, such as protecting the rest of society from future harm. Alternatively, punishing a criminal might be viewed as a morally required response to a wrongful act, irrespective of concrete benefits. Finally, punishment might be viewed as an important sociological practice, whereby society expresses the values it holds most dear and attempts to heal itself when those values are transgressed. As this essay’s introduction explains, impeachments and criminal prosecutions are not identical proceedings nor do they pursue perfectly identical aims. But still, the trio of explanations offered to justify criminal punishment can help illuminate the complex judgments driving the question of impeachment. Accordingly, the three sections of this essay examine impeachment through the lens of those three theories of punishment, organizing arguments for and against impeachment along utilitarian, retributive, and sociological axes. In so doing, the essay exposes the vexing and inescapable questions that underlie impeachment and criminal punishment alike—questions that may well be unanswerable, but that must be grappled with all the same.
Learning to Define Terms in the Software Domain

One way to test a person’s knowledge of a domain is to ask them to define domain-specific terms. Here, we investigate the task of automatically generating definitions of technical terms by reading text from the technical domain. Specifically, we learn definitions of software entities from a large corpus built from the user forum Stack Overflow. To model definitions, we train a language model and incorporate additional domain-specific information like word co-occurrence, and ontological category information. Our approach improves previous baselines by 2 BLEU points for the definition generation task. Our experiments also show the additional challenges associated with the task and the short-comings of language-model based architectures for definition generation.
Abstract C29: Social networks at diagnosis and recurrence, breast cancer-specific mortality, and overall mortality in white and non-white women in the Pathways Study

Background: Women with larger social networks generally have better breast cancer survival. However, previous work has been conducted predominantly in white women. Therefore, we evaluated associations of social networks, social support, and breast cancer-specific and overall mortality in a large, Northern California cohort of women with breast cancer, evaluating whether associations differed in white and non-white women. Methods: This study included 4,505 women from the Pathways Study, a prospective cohort study examining predictors of outcomes in women diagnosed from 2006-2013 with stages I-IV breast cancer in Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Participants responded to questions on social ties (marital/intimate partner, close friends and relatives, community and religious participation) and to the Medical Outcomes Study social support survey approximately two months following diagnosis. We used proportional hazards regression to evaluate associations between social networks, social support and recurrence, breast cancer-specific mortality, and overall mortality. We further stratified by white vs. non-white race since the number of outcomes were too small in specific non-white racial/ethnic groups, which included African-American (AA), Asian/Pacific Islander (API), and Hispanic women. We then evaluated evidence of effect modification by this variable. Results: The cohort included 2,894 white and 1,611 non-white women. In multivariable-adjusted analyses of the full cohort, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, disease severity, treatment, and presence of comorbidity, women with small social networks had higher breast cancer-specific and overall mortality. However, associations differed substantially by race/ethnicity (p-value, test for interaction=0.02 for recurrence, p=0.07 for breast-cancer specific mortality, and p Conclusions: In white women, larger social networks were related to better survival, whereas among non-white women, those with moderate-sized networks had the lowest risks of recurrence and breast cancer-specific mortality. The influence of social networks on breast cancer outcomes may differ by race/ethnicity. Citation Format: Candyce Kroenke, Scarlett Lin Gomez, Marilyn Kwan, Lawrence Kushi. Social networks at diagnosis and recurrence, breast cancer-specific mortality, and overall mortality in white and non-white women in the Pathways Study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr C29.
Constructing Global Awareness Day-by-Day

Global awareness is discussed through the experiential learning of six teacher candidates and six teachers on a Fulbright-Hays study abroad program to Israel. The participants focused their learning on four key aspects of global education; multilingual communication – to enhance a world view, historical layering – to understand the peripheries of communities, conflict resolution – an intrinsic component of global citizenship, and geographical interdependence. The participants enhanced their understanding of the multifaceted concepts surrounding globalism, globalization and global education.
A WASN-Based Suburban Dataset for Anomalous Noise Event Detection on Dynamic Road-Traffic Noise Mapping

Traffic noise is presently considered one of the main pollutants in urban and suburban areas. Several recent technological advances have allowed a step forward in the dynamic computation of road-traffic noise levels by means of a Wireless Acoustic Sensor Network (WASN) through the collection of measurements in real-operation environments. In the framework of the LIFE DYNAMAP project, two WASNs have been deployed in two pilot areas: one in the city of Milan, as an urban environment, and another around the city of Rome in a suburban location. For a correct evaluation of the noise level generated by road infrastructures, all Anomalous Noise Events (ANE) unrelated to regular road-traffic noise (e.g., sirens, horns, speech, etc.) should be removed before updating corresponding noise maps. This work presents the production and analysis of a real-operation environmental audio database collected through the 19-node WASN of a suburban area. A total of 156 h and 20 min of labeled audio data has been obtained differentiating among road-traffic noise and ANEs (classified in 16 subcategories). After delimiting their boundaries manually, the acoustic salience of the ANE samples is automatically computed as a contextual Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) together with its impact on the A-weighted equivalent level ( Δ L A e q ). The analysis of the real-operation WASN-based environmental database is evaluated with these metrics, and we conclude that the 19 locations of the network present substantial differences in the occurrences of the subcategories of ANE, with a clear predominance of the noise of sirens, trains, and thunder.
User-Heuristic Experience Localization

This chapter focuses on the heuristic approaches used to resolve biometric breakdowns in order to discuss what author terms user-heuristic experience localization. At the center of user-heuristic experience localization is the idea that user localization is not regulated by formal rules and procedures learned in the formal education system or through any formal means; instead, users develop their expertise and form of problem-solving in response to unpredictable real-life situations that arise in regard to technology use. Ghana’s use of the biometric technology indicates that such user strategies as stepping back, learning and experience are central to localization approaches. Users do not get to acquire these traits easily, through educational lectures or reading, but laboriously through past mistakes/encounters.
Contradiscurso del Anti-Humboldt al Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte

This paper analyzes five excerpts from the North American Free Trade Agreement (nafta) that have been subjected to intervention, through a work of erasures and overlays to the original document, which appear in the intervention as a mellow-grey watermark, in Hugo Garcia Manriquez’s Anti-Humboldt. This article aims to read the original document along with the bold words selected by the author in order to extract a sense that challenges the increasingly tightened migration policies on the United States-Mexico border. What this approach produces is a counter-discourse that proclaims for the territorial opening and the decriminalization of the border crossing. This work thus presents an oblique proposal which highlights the segregationist ideology hidden behind the proclamations of freedom and harmony of the agreement.
Demographic changes in US trampoline-related injuries from 1998 to 2017: cause for alarm

Background Recreational sports facilities with trampolines have become increasingly popular, and trampoline-related injuries incurred have been increasing. The goal of this study was to determine impact of recreational sports facilities on trampoline-associated injuries. Methods An epidemiological study was performed using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). All patients in the NEISS database coded for trampoline injury were included. Statistical analyses were performed comparing home trampoline injuries (HTIs) and recreational sports facilities-related trampoline injuries (RSIs) for standard demographic variables using appropriated weighted statistical methods. Results There were an estimated 1 376 659 emergency department (ED) visits for trampoline related injuries from 1998 to 2017; 125 811 were RSIs and 1 227 881 were HTIs. Between 2004 and 2017, the number of RSIs increased rapidly, while HTIs decreased. RSIs more often presented to large hospitals and HTIs to smaller ones. Strain/sprains were more associated with RSIs, whereas HTIs sustained more internal organ injuries. Lower extremity fractures occurred more frequently in RSIs and upper extremity fractures in HTIs. There was a greater percentage of RSIs in 15–34 years old age group (28.2% vs 13.6%). There were no differences by gender and race between HTIs and RSIs. Conclusions The rapid expansion in recreational sports facilities with trampolines coincided with increasing RSIs. RSIs differed from HTIs regarding changes over time, hospital size, diagnosis and injury location. Recreational sports facilities with trampolines pose a public health hazard.
The Monsters of Nature: Representation of Environmental Ethics in Cinema

This article asks the question: how can one understand the kinds of environmental ethics represented in film? It argues that this can be done by analyzing films through the lens of various central themes in the field of environmental ethics. This study demonstrates this argument through a comparative case study approach. The two cases are Nausicaa of the Valley of the Wind, a 1984 animated film directed by Hayao Miyazaki, and Missing Link, a 2019 animated film directed by Chris Butler. The stories of both films center on the relationship between humans and non-human species that are considered monsters. Missing Link represents an anthropocentric (human-centered) environmental ethics, one that only applies instrumental value to nature as it serves and relates to human beings. Conversely, Nausicaa represents non-anthropocentric environmental ethics that challenges the common human-centered perception of nature and advocates for the recognition of its intrinsic value. This study argues that even though the representation of non-anthropocentric environmental ethics in world cinema is not unheard of, the mainstream commercial film industry today represents and labels anthropocentric environmental ethics as progressive.
Survival and clinical outcomes of patients with ovarian cancer who were treated on phase 1 clinical trials.

Background Patients with ovarian cancer who are enrolled on phase 1 trials typically have platinum-resistant and heavily pretreated disease, with a poor prognosis. In the current study, the authors assessed prognostic factors and survival in women with recurrent ovarian cancer who were treated on phase 1 clinical trials. Methods The authors performed a retrospective analysis of patients treated from 2008 through 2018 at the University of Colorado Cancer Center. Patient characteristics and treatment and toxicity-related survival data were assessed. Descriptive statistics and Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify risk factors associated with survival time. Results A total of 132 patients were treated on phase 1 clinical trials. Patients had a median age of 59 years (range, 33-88 years) with a median of 5.5 previous chemotherapy lines (range, 1-13 lines). Of the 132 patients, 53 (40%) were treated on multiple phase 1 trials with a median of 1 (range, 0-5) prior phase 1 trial. The overall response rate was 14.7%. The median overall survival was 11.3 months (95% CI, 9.1-13.4 months). Two patients died on trial due to progression of disease whereas no patients died of treatment-related toxicity. Independent risk factors found to be predictive of shorter survival were an elevated cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) level (hazard ratio [HR], 2.8; 95% CI, 1.6-5.2) and albumin 25 kg/m2 was predictive of longer survival (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.44-0.96). Conclusions In the current single-institution series, patients with heavily pretreated ovarian cancer who were treated on phase 1 clinical trials experienced a median overall survival of 11.3 months. When available, phase 1 clinical trials represent a reasonable treatment option for patients with heavily pretreated ovarian cancer with a preserved performance status.
Recent trends in hospital admissions and outcomes of cardiac Chagas disease in the United States.

Background: Chagas disease (CD), caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, has been increasingly encountered as a cause of cardiovascular disease in the United States. We aimed to examine trends of hospital admissions and cardiovascular outcomes of cardiac CD (CCD). Methods: Search of 2003-2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample database identified 949 (age 57±16 years, 51% male, 72.5% Hispanic) admissions for CCD. Results: A significant increase in the number of admissions for CCD was noted during the study period (OR=1.054; 95% CI=1.028-1.081; P Conclusions: Despite the remaining concerns about lack of awareness of CCD in the US, an increasing number of hospital admissions were reported from 2003-2011. Serious cardiovascular abnormalities were highly prevalent in these patients and were frequently associated with fatal and nonfatal complications.
Association of Left Ventricular Volume in Predicting Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Aortic Regurgitation.

Background Aortic regurgitation (AR) is a common valvular lesion associated with increased mortality once the left ventricle enlarges significantly or develops systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction Methods A total of 1,100 consecutive patients with chronic moderate to severe and severe AR on echocardiography between 2004 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The modified Simpson disk summation method was used for LV volume estimation. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality; the secondary outcome was mortality censored at AVR. Results Patients’ age was 60 ± 17 years, and 198 were women (18%). Volumes were measured using the biplane method in 939 patients (85%) and the monoplane method in 161 (15%); end-systolic volume was normal in 169 (11%). Correlations between volumes and linear dimensions were 0.5 for end-diastolic volume and 0.6 for end-systolic volume. At median follow-up of 5.4 years (interquartile range, 2.4–10.0 years), 216 patients had died and 539 had undergone AVR. Indexed LV end-systolic volume (iLVESV) and indexed left ventricular end-systolic dimension were both associated with mortality and symptoms, but the association of iLVESV was stronger. iLVESV, age, male gender, Charlson comorbidity index, New York Heart Association functional class III or IV, and time-dependent AVR were independently associated with all-cause mortality. Interobserver variability in the estimation of LV volumes in 200 patients included intraclass coefficients of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.92–0.95) for end-diastolic volume and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.78–0.93) for end-systolic volume. Patients with iLVESV ≥ 45 mL/m2 had lower survival and a higher prevalence of symptoms than those with volumes Conclusions Echocardiographic LV volume assessment had good reproducibility in patients with moderate to severe and severe AR. The correlation between linear dimensions and volumes was limited. Both iLVESV and indexed left ventricular end-systolic dimension were associated with worse outcomes, but the association of iLVESV was stronger. iLVESV ≥ 45 mL/m2 was associated with worse outcomes.
A highly sensitive multiplex immunoassay for inflammatory cytokines in dried blood spots.

OBJECTIVES Inflammatory cytokines are key regulators of inflammation, but current measurement approaches require venous blood to quantify low circulating concentrations associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation. This article describes a highly sensitive multiplex immunoassay protocol for the measurement of IL6, IL8, IL10, and TNFα in finger stick dried blood spot (DBS) samples. METHODS The protocol uses a multiplex electrochemiluminescent immunoassay platform. The following measures of assay performance were evaluated: reliability (inter-assay percent coefficient of variation; %CV), precision (intra-assay %CV), lower limit of detection (LLD), linearity of dilution, and agreement with results from matched plasma samples. RESULTS Analysis of three control samples across the assay range indicated an acceptable level of precision and reliability for each cytokine. Linearity of dilution returned average values that ranged from 104.1 to 127.6% of expected. Lower limits of detection for IL6, IL8, and IL10 were <0.5, and <1.0 pg/ml for TNFα. Level of agreement in results between matched DBS and plasma samples was high for all cytokines except for IL8. CONCLUSIONS Finger stick DBS sampling provides a viable alternative to venipuncture for the quantification of IL6, IL10, and TNFα at low concentrations associated with chronic inflammation. The presence of red blood cells may interfere with the quantification of IL8 in DBS. In facilitating blood collection in nonclinical settings this method can advance scientific understandings of how social and ecological contexts shape immune function and health over the life course.
Applying the Social Constructivism Ethical Decision-Making Model: Gifts in Sport

Sport consultants (SPCs) are continuing to fulfill needs within the sport community. This paper addresses the unique dilemma that SPCs face when athletes offer gifts; the decision to accept or decl...
State of the Art of Database Technology in Health Care

There is, of course, a strong interplay between database development in general and its application in health care. Most basic research takes place outside of the health care field. But applications of databases are necessarily application area-related, and current work spans the entire spectrum of database use, since the ideal database does not yet exist anywhere.
Remotely keyed cryptographics secure remote display access using (mostly) untrusted hardware

Software that covertly monitors user actions, also known as spyware, has become a first-level security threat due to its ubiquity and the difficulty of detecting and removing it. Such software may be inadvertently installed by a user that is casually browsing the web, or may be purposely installed by an attacker or even the owner of a system. This is particularly problematic in the case of utility computing, early manifestations of which are Internet cafes and thin-client computing. Traditional trusted computing approaches offer a partial solution to this by significantly increasing the size of the trusted computing base (TCB) to include the operating system and other software. We examine the problem of protecting a user accessing specific services in such an environment. We focus on secure video broadcasts and remote desktop access when using any convenient, and often untrusted, terminal as two example applications. We posit that, at least for such applications, the TCB can be confined to a suitably modified graphics processing unit (GPU). Specifically, to prevent spyware on untrusted clients from accessing the user’s data, we restrict the boundary of trust to the client’s GPU by moving image decryption into GPUs. This allows us to leverage existing capabilities as opposed to designing a new component from scratch. We discuss the applicability of GPU-based decryption in the two scenarios. We identify limitations due to current GPU capabilities and propose straightforward modifications to GPUs that will allow the realization of our approach.
Design of Steel Connections by Math Programming

Three popular types of steel beam-to-column connections are modeled as mathematical programming problems which are then solved to produce optimal connection designs for given loading conditions. These are: (1)A framed connection consisting of two angles either bolted or welded to the web of the beam and to the column; (2)a flange plate moment connection; and (3)an end plate moment connection. The set of design variables includes all those necessary to describe completely the design in all possible detail, such as the size of welds, size and number of bolts, and detailed descriptons of angles and plates. Design constraints are drawn directly, without change or simplification, from AISC specifications. The thrust of the paper is a demonstration of the techniques employed for building mathematical models for design. Three examples are included which were modeled as described and the models solved mathematically for the detailed designs.