cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relationship between selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and acute myocardial infarction in older adults.

Background— Although cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors (coxibs) were developed to cause less gastrointestinal hemorrhage than nonselective nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), there has been concern about their cardiovascular safety. We studied the relative risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among users of celecoxib, rofecoxib, and NSAIDs in Medicare beneficiaries with a comprehensive drug benefit. Methods and Results— We conducted a matched case-control study of 54 475 patients 65 years of age or older who received their medications through 2 state-sponsored pharmaceutical benefits programs in the United States. All healthcare use encounters were examined to identify hospitalizations for AMI. Each of the 10 895 cases of AMI was matched to 4 controls on the basis of age, gender, and the month of index date. We constructed matched logistic regression models including indicators for patient demographics, healthcare use, medication use, and cardiovascular risk factors to assess the relative risk of...
Effects of a Technology-Enriched, Task-Based Language Teaching Curriculum on Chinese Elementary Students’ Achievement in English as a Foreign Language

Despite the great potential technologies bring to TBLT, few studies have examined the effects of technology-enhanced TBLT curriculum on students’ language development, especially among young learners. This paper addresses this need by reporting the impact of a technology-enhanced TBLT curriculum on Chinese elementary students’ English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning using a Non-equivalent Groups Design. A total of 471 fourth grade students from 4 low-SES schools outside Beijing participated in the study. Students’ growth in their English achievement was assessed using pre and post-tests before and after the intervention. A descriptive analysis was first conducted after completion of data collection, and then a t-test was conducted to determine the effect of the intervention. Results indicate that students who received the intervention progressed much more quickly in overall language proficiency than those who did not receive the treatment. The study points to the great potential of implementing comprehensive technology-enhanced TBLT at the curricular level.
Serum PSA adjusted for volume of transition zone (PSAT) is more accurate than PSA adjusted for total gland volume (PSAD) in detecting adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

Abstract Objective. This study evaluates the accuracy of comparing serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in the range between 4.1 ng/mL and 10.0 ng/mL (monoclonal) to the volume of the transition zone (TZ) of the prostate and total gland volume as a predictor of a positive biopsy. Methods. Using sonographic voluming of the entire prostate and of the TZ, prostates-pecific antigen density (PSAD) and prostate-specific antigen density of the TZ (PSAT) were calculated in 21 biopsy-positive patients and 38 biopsy-negative patients. Biopsy was directed at sonographically suspicious areas and did not include sextant biopsies. Results. A statistically significant association was determined between a positive biopsy and gland volume, TZ volume, and PSAT. The association of a positive biopsy with PSA and PSAD was not statistically significant. Conclusions. PSAT is more accurate in predicting a positive biopsy than is PSAD for PSA levels between 4.1 ng/mL and 10.0 ng/mL.
Genetic modification of food allergens

Objective To review allergen risk evaluation for genetically modified foods and our ability to predict protein allergenicity, methods that are being used to develop foods with reduced allergenic activity, and clinical aspects relative to assessing potentially allergic patients. Data Sources Information was identified using the MEDLINE database for governmental, international, and industry organizations that have considered possible unintended health effects such as food allergy and how they can be avoided. Data Selection The author's knowledge of the field was used to select articles for inclusion in this review. Results Organizations have created a decision process that has generally been successful in avoiding development of products that cause allergic reactions. Since some proteins expressed do not have any history of human exposure, risk evaluation may be more of a challenge for them. Biotechnology has also been used to try to develop foods with reduced allergenicity, and in future years such products should yield safer foods. Conclusions Allergy risk evaluation for known allergens and genetically modified foods appears to be reasonable and provides assurance of food safety. Allergenicity evaluation of novel proteins is a more complicated process that needs to be and will be improved as our knowledge of food allergens increases. Biotechnology can be used to produce safer and healthier foods; for example, allergenicity of some foods may be reduced through biotechnology. The role of the health care professional in assessing allergic reactions to genetically modified foods is essential and should play a greater role in the interaction of consumers, industry, and regulators.
Lobular carcinoma in situ: recent clinicopathologic studies at Memorial Hospital.

Summary Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is a multicentric, often bilateral form of mammary carcinoma that can only be identified and diagnosed by microscopic examination. About 75% of women whose only disease is LCIS are premenopausal. About 5% of mastectomy specimens contain unsuspected invasive carcinoma after a biopsy revealed only LCIS. Axillary metastases occur in 1% or less of women with LCIS when no invasive carcinoma can be detectecd. The risk of subsequent carcinoma following diagnosis of LCIS by biopsy without mastectomy was 9 times greater than in a control population. Deaths due to breast carcinoma were nearly 11 times more frequent than expected. Subsequent carcinoma occurred with equal frequency in either breast. We have not been able to identify any clinical, epidemiological or pathological features that would predict which patients are most likely to develop subsequent carcinoma. Until effective methods of nonsurgical treatment or for the detection of microscopic invasive carcinoma become available, the risk of lifetime follow-up may sometimes be an acceptable alternative to the certainty of cure by mastectomy. The recommendation for follow-up should be made with a clear explanation of the risks and responsibilities involved for patient and physician. Until it can be determined whether this investigative approach will result in a substantial reduction of deaths due to breast carcinoma, it is considered prudent in most cases to recommend ipsilateral mastectomy generally with low axillary dissection and to perform a generous contralateral biopsy. The current recommendations for therapy are all far from ideal. There remains a need for well designed, prospective studies to investigate: a) factors which might identify LCIS patients with a high or low risk for subsequent carcinoma, and b) the effects of chemotherapy, antiestrogens, other medications and radiation on the long-term risk for subsequent carcinoma in patients not treated surgically.
In situ photochemical crosslinking of HeLa cell mitochondrial DNA by a psoralen derivative reveals a protected region near the origin of replication

The in vivo association with proteins of HeLa cell mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been investigated by analyzing the pattern of in situ crosslinking of the DNA by 4'-hydroxymethyl-4, 5',8-trimethylpsoralen (HMTT Either isolated mitochondria or whole cells were irradiated with long wavelength UV light in the presence of the psoralen derivative, and the mtDNA was then isolated and analyzed in the electron microscope under totally denaturing conditions. No evidence of nucleosomal structure was found. The great majority of the molecules ({small tilde}90%percnt;) had a double-stranded DNA appearance over most of their contour length, with one to several bubbles occupying the rest of the contour, while the remaining 10% of the molecules appeared to be double-stranded over their entire length. Analysis of restriction fragments indicated the presence, in 80% of the molecules, of a protected segment (300 to 1500 bp long) in a region which was centered asymmetrically around the origin of replication so as to overlap extensively the D-loop. Control experiments showed that at most 30% of the bubbles found near the origin could represent D-loops or expanded D-loops; furthermore, it could be excluded that some sequence peculiarity would account for the preferential location of bubbles near the origin of replication. The data have been interpreted to indicate that, in at least 55% of HeLa cell mtDNA molecules, the region around the origin is protected from in situ psoralen crosslinking by proteins or protein complexes which are associated in vivo with the DNA.
Food miles, local eating, and community supported agriculture: putting local food in its place

The idea of “food miles,” the distance that food has to be shipped, has entered into debates in both popular and academic circles about local eating. An oft-cited figure claims that the “average item” of food travels 1,500 miles before it reaches your plate. The source of this figure is almost never given, however, and indeed, it is a figure with surprisingly little grounding in objective research. In this study, I track the evolution of this figure, and the ways that scholars and popular writers have rhetorically employed it. I then explore the ongoing debates over food miles and local food, debates that often oversimplify the idea of local eating to a caricature. I then examine a series of in-depth interviews with community-supported agriculture members and farmers in order to bring complexity back to discussions of local food consumers. I argue that the overwhelming focus on “food miles” among scholars threatens to eclipse the multitude of other values and meanings contained in the word “local” that underlie people’s decisions to “eat locally,” foremost among them, a desire to reintegrate food production and consumption within the context of place.
Preparation of a 4-monoketal of juglone methyl ether

Abstract Oxidation of 5-methoxy-1-naphthol with thallium trinitrate in ethylene glycol/trimethylorthoformate gives the 4-ethylene ketal of juglone methyl ether.
The A Adenosine Receptor Mediates cAMP Responses to Adenosine Receptor Agonists in Human Intestinal Epithelia

Adenosine is thought to be a major effector in immunological stimulation of Cl- secretion in intestinal epithelia. Previous studies indicate that both apical and basolateral domains of intestinal epithelial cells possess functionally defined adenosine receptors. However, it is unclear whether the same receptor subclass is expressed, what the receptor subclass(es) is, or how the receptors signal the Cl- secretory response. We now characterize the intestinal epithelial adenosine receptor subtype using the model epithelium, T84. Both apical and basolateral adenosine receptor agonist response profiles revealed a hierarchy (ED50) of 5'-(N-ethylcarboxamido)adenosine > adenosine > CGS-21680. Similarly inhibition studies revealed identical ID50 hierarchies for apical and basolateral antagonism by xanthine amine congener > 1,3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine > aminophylline. Analyses of both agonist and antagonist pharmacological hierarchies in Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing the A2b receptor revealed these same hierarchies. Northern blots performed on RNA extracted from polarized T84 monolayers demonstrated no detectable message for A1 or A2a adenosine receptor, but strong hybridization was detected for the A2b adenosine receptor. Subsequent Northern blots of RNA prepared from human alimentary tract revealed that A2b adenosine receptor message was heavily expressed throughout the colon, in the appendix, and more modestly expressed in the small intestine (ileum). Analyses of cAMP generation in T84 cells in response to adenosine indicated that the basolateral A2b receptor elicits Cl- secretion through this signaling pathway. Stimulation of Cl- secretion through the apical A2b receptor exhibited relatively small but significant increases in cAMP compared with basolateral stimulation. The protein kinase A inhibitor H-89, used at concentrations that did not affect short circuit current responses to the Ca(2+)-mediated agonist carbachol, effectively inhibited short circuit current elicited by either apical or basolateral adenosine. These data suggest that the major intestinal epithelial adenosine receptor is the A2b subclass, which is positively coupled to adenylate cyclase. Such observations have potentially important implications for the treatment of diarrheal diseases.
A slippery boundary

The Y chromosome has provided one of the greatest challenges in finalizing complete mammalian genome sequences in part because of its unusual relationship with the X chromosome. Part of the Y chromosome, known as the pseudoautosomal region, must pair with the complementary region on the X chromosome and undergo recombination, so that the resulting crossovers stabilize the sex chromosomes for proper separation during meiosis. The Y chromosome also bears at least one gene that is male-determining, and this region of the Y chromosome must not recombine with the X chromosome or sterility or intersexuality may result. Apart from these two rules, the gene content of the pseudoautosomal and nonrecombing parts of the Y chromosome are subject to relatively weak evolutionary forces. Iwase et al. (1), in this issue of PNAS, describe a remarkable finding that the boundary between these two portions of the Y chromosome moved relatively recently, and that there appears to be considerable opportunity for chance to play a large role in gene content of these two very different segments of the Y chromosome.
AgInput: An Agricultural Nutrient and Pesticide Source Model

Agriculture can be a major nonpoint source (NPS) of nutrient and pesticide contamination in the environment. Available databases do not provide accurate and dynamic data on fertilizer and pesticide application, which limits the ability of complex watershed models to simulate contaminant loads into impaired water bodies. A model for estimating agricultural nutrient and pesticide input for watershed modeling has been developed. Climate, soils, and major agricultural operations are considered within the model, so that it can be adapted to any watershed or subregion within a watershed. The timing of the agricultural operations is a function of the weather data, providing realistic results at daily, monthly, or annual application rates. The model also predicts irrigation demand and biomass production, which can be used to calibrate the model. Model output can be used in any watershed model that considers agricultural land uses. Two case studies were evaluated, using grape vineyards in the Napa River and strawberry production in Newport Bay as examples. The predicted time to maturity corresponded well with actual data. Irrigation and fertilizer needs were very sensitive to weather input. Although the model can generate weather from long-term averages, the simulated results are best when at least observed precipitation and temperature are provided, to capture extreme events. The model has data for 98 crops and 126 pesticides, based on the California Department of Pesticide Regulation database. The databases are easily modifiable by the user to adapt them to local conditions. The output from AgInput is much needed for watershed modeling and for development of total maximum daily loads (TMDLs), based on realistic targets of irrigation, nutrient, and pesticide inputs. The model is available for free download at http://www2.bren.ucsb.edu/~keller/watershed.htm.
Reading disorders in stuttering children

Abstract Reading ability in stuttering children has been the focus of research for over 60 years. This article presents a critical review of the literature on this topic. While it is clear that some stutterers experience difficulty learning to read, the contention that stuttering children, as a group, are more likely to have reading problems than their nonstuttering peers is neither supported nor refuted by the literature. This inconclusiveness may be the result of subject selection procedures used in research and the tremendous heterogeneity that exists among children who stutter. Suggestions for future investigations are discussed, emphasizing the relationship between language and reading and the examination of subgroups of stutterers.
Experiences with the repair of groin hernia in 200 patients aged 70 or older.

: A survey was made of the records of 200 patients (158 men and 42 women) aged 70 or older who had undergone repair of groin hernias. In the aged women, femoral hernias were the most common; indirect hernias were seen much less frequently, and there were no direct hernias. In the aged men, large indirect sliding inguinal hernias and simple indirect inguinal hernias were the most common; direct inguinal hernias were seen less frequently than expected. The most serious and easily overlooked complication of hernia, particularly in old women, is bowel strangulation in association with femoral hernia. The operative procedures were individualized and varied. Local anesthesia was used for all poor-risk patients and was the method of choice in 185 of the 200 patients. A 1% solution of chlorprocaine was the preferred anesthetic agent. The important complications included wound infection in 7 cases and seroma in 7 cases; infection occurred most frequently in association with gangrenous bowel in the hernial sac. As would be expected, urinary-tract complications were common since nearly half of the men had benign prostatic hypertrophy. One death occurred in the immediate operative period (third postoperative day) from a cerebrovascular accident. Other deaths after postoperative intervals ranging up to fifteen years were caused by concurrent diseases and seemed unrelated to the hernial operation. The postoperative recurrence rate for hernia was 2 per cent. Surgical repair of groin hernia in aged patients can improve the quality of their lives, and in certain cases (e.g., bowel strangulation) can be a life-saving measure.
Comparison of Baseline Tremor under Various Microsurgical Conditions

This paper presents the characterization and comparison of physiological tremor for pointing tasks in multiple environments, as a baseline for performance evaluation of microsurgical robotics. Previous studies have examined the characteristics of physiological tremor under laboratory settings as well as different operating conditions. However, different test methods make the comparison of results across trials and conditions difficult. Two vitroretinal micro surgeons were evaluated while performing a pointing task with no entry-point constraint, constrained by an artificial eye model, and constrained by a rabbit eye in vivo. For the three respective conditions the 3D RMS positioning error was 144 μm, 258 μm, and 285 μm, and maximum 3D error was 349 μm, 647 μm, and 696 μm. A spectral analysis was also performed, confirming a distinct peak near in the 6-12 Hz frequency range, characteristic of hand tremor during tasks in all three environments.
Ambient Temperature and Obesity.

Homeotherms maintain an optimal body temperature that is most often above their environment or ambient temperature. As ambient temperature decreases, energy expenditure (and energy intake) must increase to maintain thermal homeostasis. With the widespread adoption of climate control, humans in modern society are buffered from temperature extremes and spend an increasing amount of time in a thermally comfortable state where energetic demands are minimized. This is hypothesized to contribute to the contemporary increase in obesity rates. Studies reporting exposures of animals and humans to different ambient temperatures are discussed. Additional consideration is given to the potentially altered metabolic and physiologic responses in obese versus lean subjects at a given temperature. The data suggest that ambient temperature is a significant contributor to both energy intake and energy expenditure, and that this variable should be more thoroughly explored in future studies as a potential contributor to obesity susceptibility.
Words by the Numbers: a Quantitative Analysis and Comparison of the Oratorical Careers of William Ewart Gladstone and Winston Spencer Churchill

This article examines and compares the oratorical productivity of Gladstone and Churchill, two long-lived British statesmen and iconic prime ministers noted for their powers as public speakers. Based upon data sources providing the date, subject and location of their speeches (over 2,000 each), quantitative analyses provide new ways of viewing the patterns and emphases of Gladstone's and Churchill's political careers, and establish a new basis for assessing the role of oratory in their public lives and reputations. Comparisons between Gladstone's and Churchill's public speaking careers shed new light on the changing structures, practices and technologies of British politics from the eighteen-thirties to the nineteen-fifties.
Novel Antipsychotic Medications and the Treatment of Comorbid Substance Abuse in Schizophrenia

Comorbid substance abuse (SA) in schizophrenia is a significant problem. Moreover, these patients are particularly difficult to treat. This report reviews the pharmacological management of comorbid SA and schizophrenia and a case report is provided to illustrate the potential of novel antipsychotic medications.
9-α-hydroxyparthenolide, a novel antitumor sesquiterpene lactone fromAnvillea garcini (Burm.) DC1

A novel sesquiterpene lactone, 9-α-hydroxyparthenolide (1) was isolated from a chloroform extract ofAnvillea garcini that was collected in Iran. The structure of1 was assigned on the basis of high field NMR decoupling experiments and other spectroscopic evidence. This α-methylene lactone has shown significant activity in both the 9KB cell culture and P388 mouse leukemia test systems.
Interaction junk: user interaction-based evaluation of visual analytic systems

With the growing need for visualization to aid users in understanding large, complex datasets, the ability for users to interact and explore these datasets is critical. As visual analytic systems have advanced to leverage powerful computational models and data analytics capabilities, the modes by which users engage and interact with the information are limited. Often, users are taxed with directly manipulating parameters of these models through traditional GUIs (e.g., using sliders to directly manipulate the value of a parameter). However, the purpose of user interaction in visual analytic systems is to enable visual data exploration -- where users can focus on their task, as opposed to the tool or system. As a result, users can engage freely in data exploration and decision-making, for the purpose of gaining insight. In this position paper, we discuss how evaluating visual analytic systems can be approached through user interaction analysis, where the goal is to minimize the cognitive translation between the visual metaphor and the mode of interaction (i.e., reducing the "interaction junk"). We motivate this concept through a discussion of traditional GUIs used in visual analytics for direct manipulation of model parameters, and the importance of designing interactions the support visual data exploration.
Carbonylation and hydrogenation of cis-CH3Mn(CO)4L, substitutional reactivity of cis-HMn(CO)4L, and binuclear elimination between cis-CH3Mn(CO)4P(OPh)3 and cis-HMn(CO)4P(OPh)3(L = CO, PPh3, P(OPh)3, PBu3 and P(OMe)3)

Abstract Several reactions of cis-CH3Mn(CO)4L and cis-HMn(CO)4L, have been investigated. The carbonylation of cis-CH3Mn(CO)4L (L = CO, P(OPh)3, P(OMe)3 and PBu3) shows only a very small ligand effect, indicating a transition state that has little unsaturation. Reaction with H2 has very similar observed rate constants and activation parameters to the carbonylation. The hydrides, cis-HMn(CO)4L (L = P(OPh)3, PPh3 and PBu3), are remarkably unreactive toward substitution, requiring temperatures of 100°C. A radical mechanism is most likely. Reactions of cis-HMn(CO)4P(OPh)3 with cis-CH3Mn(CO)4P(OPh)3 and cis-HMn(CO)4PBu3 with CH3C(O)Mn(CO)5 occur at temperatures where methyl migration is readily established and the hydride complexes are unreactive. Thus methyl migration, followed by coordination to a bridging hydride, is indicated for these binuclear reductive elimination reactions.
Protein kinase C and non-functional EGF receptor in K-ras transformed cells

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the mechanism by which K - ras transformation leads to the loss of epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding. Triton X-100 solubilized membranes from K - ras transformed cells were not capable of binding [125I]-EGF in vitro , indicating that the loss of EGF binding was not due to improper insertion of EGF receptor (EGF-R) into the membrane of the transformed cells. Phosphoamino acid analysis of EGF-R from phosphorylated membranes of normal cells showed enhancement of phosphotyrosine after EGF stimulation. However, the EGF-R from phosphorylated membranes of transformed cells showed enhancement of phosphoserine and phosphothreonine level in the presence of EGF. We speculated that EGF-R in transformed cells might be modulated by serine- and threonine-specific kinases such as protein kinase C. Our hypothesis was supported by the finding that normal cells had a low basal protein kinase C activity and tumor promotor, such as 12-0-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA), activated this enzyme 3.3-fold. In contrast, transformed cells had a high constitutive protein kinase C activity in the absence of TPA.
The structure of Titan’s atmosphere from Cassini radio occultations: Occultations from the Prime and Equinox missions

Abstract We present the results of six soundings of the atmosphere of Titan by the radio occultation technique using the Cassini spacecraft currently in orbit around Saturn. These occultations occurred during four separate targeted Titan encounters in both the Prime and Equinox missions of Cassini over 3 years. They cover a wide range of latitude from 75°S to 79°N, split so that three soundings are in the northern hemisphere and three are in the southern hemisphere. Techniques and error analysis are similar to Schinder et al. (2011) . The six temperature-altitude profiles presented here are compared to those earlier results. Of special interest is the sudden cooling observed at altitudes of ∼80–100 km in the two high northern (winter) soundings at 74°N and 80°N, where the temperature drops by about 10 K over the course of 20 km. The northern profiles also exhibit a transition between the troposphere and stratosphere that is much more abrupt than in the south, and the northern tropopause temperatures are much cooler.
Longitudinal variation in cell density and mossy fiber reorganization in the dentate gyrus from temporal lobe epileptic patients

Variation in cell loss and mossy fiber reorganization was examined along the longitudinal axis of the dentate gyrus from temporal lobe epileptic (TLE) patients. Previous evidence has indicated that the anterior hippocampus is prone to seizure activity. We compared granule and hilar cell number in addition to Timm stain density of the molecular layer and hilus in more anterior and more posterior specimens of hippocampus obtained from patients surgically treated for intractable epilepsy by the removal of the anterior half of the hippocampus. Granule cells/mm in the more anterior specimen were less than or equal to those in the more posterior specimen locations in 77% of the patients, while there was no significant difference in hilar neuron density between the two blocks. These results demonstrate a significantly greater pathology in the granule cell layer in more anterior specimens and no difference in pathology for hilar neurons. Molecular layer Timm stain density was significantly greater in the more anterior specimen of 71% of the patients. The molecular layer Timm stain density ratio was inversely related to hilar cell density in more anterior specimens, whereas in more posterior specimens there was no significant relationship with hilar cell density. Our observations show that although differences exist among TLE patients for these neuroanatomic measures, pathology was greater in more anterior specimens. The latter result is consistent with the conclusion that seizure activity may originate in the anterior region of the hippocampus in a majority of patients.
The SIM Lite Astrometric Observatory: engineering risk reduction activity

The SIM Lite Astrometric Observatory is a mission concept for a space-borne instrument to perform micro-arcsecond narrow-angle astrometry to search 60 to 100 nearby stars for Earth-like planets, and to perform global astrometry for a broad astrophysics program. The main enabling technology development for the mission was completed during phases A & B. While the project is waiting for the results of the ASTRO2010 Decadal Survey to proceed into flight implementation, the instrument team is currently converting the developed technology onto flight-ready engineering models. These key engineering tasks will significantly reduce the implementation risks during the flight phases C & D of the mission. The main optical interferometer components, including the astrometric beam combiner (ABC), the fine steering mechanism (FSM), the path-length control and modulation optical mechanisms (POM & MOM), focal plane camera electronics (ATC & FTC), camera cooling cryo-heat pipe, and the siderostat mechanism are currently under development. Main assemblies are built to meet flight requirements and have been or will be subjected to flight qualification level environmental testing (random vibration and thermal cycling) and performance testing. The Spectral Calibration Development Unit (SCDU), a white light interferometer testbed has recently demonstrated how to perform the spectral calibration of the instrument. The Guide 2 Telescope testbed (G2T) has demonstrated the 50 micro-arcsecond angle monitoring capability required by SIM Lite to perform astrometry. This paper summarizes recent progress in engineering risk reduction activities.
Adenine deaminase activity of the yicP gene product of Escherichia coli.

During previous work on deriving inosine-producing mutants of Escherichia coli, we observed that an excess of adenine added to the culture medium was quickly converted to hypoxanthine. This phenomenon was still apparent after disruption of the known adenosine deaminase gene (add) on the E. coli chromosome, suggesting that, like Bacillus subtilis, E. coli has an adenine deaminase. As the yicP gene of E. coli shares about 35% identity with the B. subtilis adenine deaminase gene (ade), we cloned yicP from the E. coli genome and developed a strain that overexpressed its product. The enzyme was purified from a cell extract of E. coli harboring a plasmid containing the cloned yicP gene, and had significant adenine deaminase [EC 3.5.4.2] activity. It was deduced to be a homodimer, each subunit having a molecular mass of 60 kDa. The enzyme required manganese ions as a cofactor, and adenine was its only substrate. Its optimum pH was 6.5-7.0 and its optimum temperature was 60°C. The apparent Km for adenine was 0.8 mM.
Show Them a Good Time: Organizing the Intersections of Sexual Violence

Engaging with calls from organization scholars, I analyze the communicative mechanisms through which individuals, rather than organizations, become the focus in discussions of violence. Reading a legal decision regarding rape at the University of Colorado, I argue that organizational conceptualizations of sexual violence are marginalized as (a) noncommunicative, container models of organization are prioritized and (b) violence is understood as an action rather than one element in a system of meaning. On the basis of this analysis, I offer a feminist rereading of the case that identifies the organization as a participant in sexual violence. To recognize not only individual, but also organizational sexual violence, I suggest that scholars problematize the racialized gendering of organization. Further, I show that a communicative approach that articulates complex relationships between meaning and action is central for highlighting the intersectionality of sexual violence and for unmooring sexually violent ag...
The Kinetics of the gas‐phase isomerization of 1,trans‐3,trans‐5‐heptatriene into the cis‐5‐isomer catalyzed by Nitric Oxide and the stabilization energy in the pentadienyl radical

The kinetics of the nitric oxide catalyzed, homogeneous, gas-phase isomerization of 1,trans-3,trans-5-heptatriene have been studied for temperatures ranging between 130°C and 241°C. The very clean reaction involves exclusive geometrical isomerization about the 5,6-π-bond. The observed rate constants for can be represented (with standard errors) by log k1 = (7.18 ± 0.06) – (16.75 ± 0.12)/θ, where θ = 2.303 RT in kcal/mole. The consecutive-step reaction mechanism involves addition of NO to the double bond (Ka, b = ka/kb), followed by rotation of the 5,6-CC bond in the adduct radical (kc.) Analysis of the observed activation parameters shows, that kc is rate-controlling and consequently k1 = kcKa, b. Estimates of kc and Ka, b lead to a value of k1 in good agreement with experiment. Comparing our data with those previously obtained for the similar 1,3-pentadiene system results in a value for the extra stabilization energy generated in the 1,3-heptadienyl radical of 18.5 ± 1.7 kcal/mole. This value is discussed in view of comparable data in the literature.
Substitution of the Urease Active Site Carbamate by Dithiocarbamate and Vanadate

Urease possesses a dinuclear nickel active site with the metals bridged by a carbamylated lysine residue. In vitro activation of apoprotein (Apo) is achieved by incubation with Ni(II) and bicarbonate as a source of CO2. Analogues of CO2 and bicarbonate were examined for their effects on the Apo activation process. While SO2 had little effect, CS2 was shown to inhibit Apo activation via its ability to substitute for CO2 to yield an inactive dithiocarbamate-containing protein. Sulfur-to-Ni charge-transfer transitions arising from this species yielded an electronic absorption band at 324 nm with a shoulder at 382 nm. Borate, sulfate, phosphate, and molybdate had essentially no effect on Apo activation and did not substitute for bicarbonate, while treatment of Apo with Ni(II) plus vanadate led to the production of active urease containing two Ni and one V per active site. Vanadate-dependent activation of Apo resembled the normal activation process in terms of concentration of anion required, optimal pH, and incubation time needed. Furthermore, the UV-visible spectrum, maximal specific activity [386 +/- 26 U.(mg of protein)-1], Km (1.83 +/- 0.20 mM urea), and pH dependence for the vanadate-containing urease were essentially identical to properties observed for bicarbonate-activated enzyme. Vanadate-activated Apo is proposed to possess a vanadylated lysine that bridges the two Ni ions comprising its metallocenter.
Dynamic models of 3-phase alternators including saliency effects using PSpice for Windows

This paper presents the dynamic model of a 3-phase synchronous machine using the graphical user interface provided by the PSpice program environment. The machine model includes the effects of the damper winding and salient poles. The paper presents results of the dynamic behavior of a salient pole synchronous machine including voltage, current, torque, and power traces. The model is organized in a hierarchical structure and includes custom symbols for the machine several functional modules like reference frame transformation modules. The custom symbols have been created within the Schematics editor of the PSpice program group. Details of the implementation as well as the theoretical equations are presented. The model that is shown in this paper is working on the free evaluation version of the PSpice software, Release 6.2a.
Buffer Combinations for Mammalian Cell Culture

The growth and metabolism of cultured mammalian cells are markedly affected by the pH variation in ordinary hicarbonate-buffered media (pH 8.0 to 6.9). Those pH swings can be reduced and the pH of the culture can be stabilized as desired in the range pH 6.4 to 8.3 by appropriate combinations of two or three organic buffers, each at 10 to 15 millimolar, in conjunction with phosphate and bicarbonate. The initial alkalinization in sparse cultures is then minimized, and the metabolic acidificatiotn in 24 hours is usually less than 0.4 pH unit except in heavy cultutres.
The rare silent gene Po of human red cell acid phosphatase in a second family in Poland

Abstract The authors describe a Polish family (three generations) with a silent gene P o of human red cell acid phosphatase. The phosphatase levels of 4 family members were about half the normal value.
Regulation of isocitrate dehydrogenase from Thiobacillus thiooxidans and Pseudomonas fluorescens

Abstract The isocitrate dehydrogenases of T. thiooxidans and P. fluorescens have been studied. The apparent KM's for isocitrate are 1.2 × 10−5 M and 1.5 × 10−5 M respectively. The apparent KM for NAD+ is 2.9 × 10−4 M for the enzyme from T. thiooxidans while the apparent KM for the NADP-specific enzyme of P. fluorescens is 1.7 × 10−5 M. ADP and ATP were found to inhibit the isocitrate dehydrogenases of both organisms. Glyoxalate plus oxalacetate caused concerted inhibition of the enzyme from T. thiooxidans. Glyoxalate, when added alone, was an activator of the enzyme from P. fluorescens but increased the inhibition due to oxalacetate and reduced the KI for oxalacetate by three orders of magnitude.
The tubulins: From DNA to RNA to protein and back again

Article de synthese sur la determination des sequences des genes de tubuline. Quel que soit le mecanisme de controle reel, il semble que les cellules puissent detecter un ensemble important de sous-unites depolymerisees et utiliser l'information issue des proteines pour un ajustement rapide et specifique de l'expression genique de la tubuline
The American Psychiatric Association practice guidelines for schizophrenia: Scientific base and relevance for behavior therapy

The American Psychiatric Association's practice guidelines for schizophrenia provide a general blueprint for treating people with the illness. They are primarily oriented toward psychiatrists and pharmacological management. However, the guidelines also discuss the importance of psychosocial treatments, including behavioral therapy techniques. We provide an overview of the treatment guidelines and their empirical base. The pharmacological recommendations are generally consonant with the literature, albeit they have become somewhat dated due to the rapid progress in studies of the effects of new generation antipsychotics. We next review recommendations concerning social skills training, cognitive therapy and rehabilitation, behavioral family therapy, and vocational rehabilitation. Overall, the guidelines are quite positive about the potential benefit of these interventions, but they are appropriately conservative in interpreting the literature. There are promising data to support the efficacy of each of these approaches, but effectiveness data are lacking and questions remain about their actual impact on community functioning. Schizophrenia has not received sufficient attention from behavior therapists since the early successes achieved by operant programs. The optimistic stance taken by the guidelines should, if anything, encourage students to pursue careers working with this very needy population.
Evidence for interactions between helices 5 and 8 and a role for the interdomain loop in tetracycline resistance mediated by hybrid Tet proteins.

An interdomain hybrid Tet protein consisting of a class C α domain and a class B β domain (Tet(C/B)) lacks detectable efflux ability and provides only minimal levels of resistance to tetracycline (Tc) (3 μg/ml) compared with intact class B (256 μg/ml) and class C (64 μg/ml). Twenty-one independently isolated mutants of the Tet(C/B) protein with increased Tc resistance were generated by random chemical mutagenesis. Nine mutants with a Glu substitution for Gly-152 in helix 5 of the class C α domain produced a resistance of 48 μg/ml, whereas another 9 with an Asp replacement of Gly-247 in helix 8 of the class B β domain mediated resistance at 32 μg/ml. The third type of mutation, found in 3 mutants expressing 24 μg/ml resistance, was a S202F replacement in the putative interdomain cytoplasmic loop of Tet(C/B). The latter underscores a previously unappreciated function of the interdomain cytoplasmic loop. All three types of Tet(C/B) mutant proteins were expressed in amounts comparable with that of the original protein and demonstrated restored energy-dependent efflux of tetracycline. Site-directed mutational analysis demonstrated that a Gly-247 to Asn mutation could also facilitate Tc resistance by the Tet(C/B) hybrid, and a negatively charged side chain at position 152 was required for Tet(C/B) activity. These mutations appear to promote the necessary functional interactions between the interclass domains that do not occur in the Tet(C/B) hybrid protein and suggest a direct association between helix 5 and helix 8 in the function of Tet efflux proteins.
Abnormal Cerebral Cortical Neurons in a Child With Maternal PKU Syndrome

A child born to a phenylketonuric (PKU) woman not on dietary treatment was microcephalic and had congenital heart and other physical anomalies consistent with the maternal PKU syndrome. After a repeat cardiac catherization at 3 months of age, he suffered an embolic left cerebral infarct and seizures. He was found by his mother dead in bed at 4 months of age; general autopsy revealed Klebsiella sepsis and pneumonia. Neuropathologic studies of the right cerebral hemisphere showed neuronal loss of the third cortical layer; Golgi studies revealed persistently immature cortical pyramidal cell somata and dendritic spines. This is the first report of specific neuronal abnormalities in a child with the maternal PKU syndrome and may, in part, account for the clinical features of microcephaly, mental retardation, and seizures seen in affected children. (J Child Neurol 1987;2:201-204).
The outlook for computer mail

Abstract The author aims to present a balanced view of the prospects for computer mail, and to bring out the important policy issues surrounding the new medium. After describing, with the aid of a scenario, typical applications of the system, he outlines historical developments and current trends. He then discusses potential market size and develops cost projections. The author sees lack of customer awareness as a serious obstacle to a wider use of computer mail and balances this against a consideration of the relation of the system to organisational needs. Finally, he analyses the policy concerns resulting from the development of computer mail.
INDIVIDUAL REACTIONS TO ORGANIZATIONAL RECRUITING: A REVIEW

The present paper reviews the research that has examined the influence of organizational recruiting on applicants' attitudes and job choice behaviors. It was found that recruiting representatives, administrative practices, and procedures used to evaluate applicant qualifications are all potentially important influences on job seeker attitudes and behaviors. However, limitations of the existing research necessitate caution in the interpretation of findings. Of particular concern is the likely generalizability of results presented here to all job seekers. The review concludes with recommendations for the conduct of subsequent recruiting research.
“Blinking Out” and “Having the Touch” Two Fifth-Grade Boys Talk about Flow Experiences in Writing

This interpretive study of two fifth-grade students' intrinsic motivation for writing examines the ways in which children who self-sponsor writing express “flow” experiences associated with writing. Considering a sense of flow seems to address why some children persevere when faced with challenging tasks and why they spend so much time and effort engaged in activities they find interesting. In addition to the challenge of writing, the social context of the classroom influenced opportunities for student-controlled writing. Flow experiences described by the boys occurred when each controlled important aspects of writing, such as ownership, genre, style, and length—although the social context of the two classrooms varied widely. The boys featured in this report demonstrated that elementary students identified as avid writers can differentiate between flow experiences and nonflow experiences associated with writing, and they describe flow experiences in terms similar to those reported in studies on adolescent...
Maintaining contact for effective mapping and ablation.

For radiofrequency ablation to be effective, we need to reliably identify the arrhythmogenic substrate and then deliver sufficient energy to that substrate to create local injury. For effective energy delivery, (a) sufficient power must be applied over an adequate time, and (b) tissue contact must be maintained. The recent development of catheters with the ability to sense tissue contact has begun to fulfil the enormous potential to improve ablation by partly solving the problem of gauging adequate contact when delivering energy. However, there is still the need for stable contact with the underlying substrate to limit collateral energy and optimize target lesion formation. Indeed, for adequate mapping of the underlying myocardial substrate, contact is just as essential. In this issue of Circulation Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology, Chik et al offer an innovative way of achieving this—by gating energy delivery to the sensed electrogram.1 Article see p 920 To achieve effective ablation, contact is critical. Lack of contact during radiofrequency ablation can result in heating of tissue, which may result in termination of arrhythmia but without permanent destruction of the arrhythmogenic substrate.2,3 In turn, even after careful mapping, if there is insufficient contact with the underlying tissue and the operator does not recognize the lack of contact, inappropriate assumptions may be made regarding the potential for successful ablation or the accuracy of the mapping performed. In addition, operators should recognize the concept that every lesion counts. If, after extensive careful mapping of an arrhythmia, repeated ablation lesions are attempted but there is inconsistent contact, repetitive injury to local tissue may result in edema that may make permanent destruction of the substrate during the index procedure difficult if not impossible.3,4 Thus, so-called reconnections may not be because of regrowth of tissue, but rather ineffective lesion formation …