cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rupert B. Vance on Population

An attempt is made to provide an overview of the works of Rupert B. Vance on population covering what he wrote in this field and drawing out what might be considered as those scholarly endowments concerning it. 3 distinct phases can be perceived of his work in this area: regional ecology; regional demography; and US and international demography. It is likely that the most often cited contribution to the ecological literature was a chapter (prepared with Sara Smith) on "Metropolitan Dominance and Integration." Both the Michigan school and particularly Bogues approach were applied to the South providing a good example of how Vance was to show the Souths emergence as a region over a period of years. In this case metropolitan growth and complexity were considered to be as much a Southern as a Northern phenomenon. In a subsequent piece Vance and Charles Grigg linked the regional orientation of Howard Odum with the newer human ecology. Vances first major foray into demographic analysis occurred in 1936. The 5 parts of Vances book "All These People" covered the dynamics of population population and the agrarian economy population and the industrial economy cultural adequacy of the people and social policy and regional-national planning. "All These People" made several particular points including: Southerners are doing more to replace themselves in the the next generation than individuals in other regions of the US yet they have less on which to live; and whether the Souths population is finally to be regarded as a resource or liability depends on more than the population itself. Most of Vances work in national and international demography postdated most work in demography of the South yet Vance became recognized nationally as a demographer early in his career. In "Research Memorandum on Population Redistribution within the United States" (1938) Vance had been charged with the task of marking the status of knowledge of the topic. Vance devoted the next several years to work on "All These People" (1945). Following its publication he moved on to theoretical interests of a more global nature. Demographic research was expanding rapidly in the immediate post-World War II period and Vance became an active participant in the development. By the late 1950s Vance was well-established as one of the nations leading demographers.
Nested codes for perpendicular recording channels

The performance of nested error-correction codes for perpendicular magnetic recording channels is evaluated in the presence of burst noise using Reed-Solomon codes as well as low-density parity-check codes as component codes. Erasure detection and iterative decoding algorithms for nested codes are considered, and their performance is evaluated using computer simulations. The results illustrate the advantages of the nested schemes over noninterleaved architectures in terms of sector error rate and complexity for both current and future native block sizes.
Scaling of the hydrostatic skeleton in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris

The structural and functional consequences of changes in size or scale have been well studied in animals with rigid skeletons, but relatively little is known about scale effects in animals with hydrostatic skeletons. We used glycol methacrylate histology and microscopy to examine the scaling of mechanically important morphological features of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris over an ontogenetic size range from 0.03 to 12.89 g. We found that L. terrestris becomes disproportionately longer and thinner as it grows. This increase in the length to diameter ratio with size means that, when normalized for mass, adult worms gain ~117% mechanical advantage during radial expansion, compared with hatchling worms. We also found that the cross-sectional area of the longitudinal musculature scales as body mass to the ~0.6 power across segments, which is significantly lower than the 0.66 power predicted by isometry. The cross-sectional area of the circular musculature, however, scales as body mass to the ~0.8 power across segments, which is significantly higher than predicted by isometry. By modeling the interaction of muscle cross-sectional area and mechanical advantage, we calculate that the force output generated during both circular and longitudinal muscle contraction scales near isometry. We hypothesize that the allometric scaling of earthworms may reflect changes in soil properties and burrowing mechanics with size.
The Stampacchia maximum principle for stochastic partial differential equations and applications

Abstract Stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) are considered, linear and nonlinear, for which we establish comparison theorems for the solutions, or positivity results a.e., and a.s., for suitable data. Comparison theorems for SPDEs are available in the literature. The originality of our approach is that it is based on the use of truncations, following the Stampacchia approach to maximum principle. We believe that our method, which does not rely too much on probability considerations, is simpler than the existing approaches and to a certain extent, more directly applicable to concrete situations. Among the applications, boundedness results and positivity results are respectively proved for the solutions of a stochastic Boussinesq temperature equation, and of reaction–diffusion equations perturbed by a non-Lipschitz nonlinear noise. Stabilization results to a Chafee–Infante equation perturbed by a nonlinear noise are also derived.
The Racial Roots of Human Trafficking

This Article explores the role of race in the prostitution and sex trafficking of people of color, particularly minority youth, and the evolving legal and social responses in the United States. Child sex trafficking has become a vital topic of discussion among scholars and advocates, and public outcry has led to safe harbor legislation aimed at shifting the legal paradigm away punishing prostituted minors and toward greater protections for this vulnerable population. Yet, policymakers have ignored the connection between race and other root factors that push people of color into America’s commercial sex trade.This Article argues that race and racism have played a role in creating the epidemic of sex trafficking in the United States and have undermined effective legal and policy responses. Race intersects with other forms of subordination including gender, class, and age to push people of color disproportionately into prostitution and keep them trapped in the commercial sex industry. This intersectional oppression is fueled by the persistence of myths about minority teen sexuality, which in turn encourages risky sexual behavior. Moreover, today’s antitrafficking movement has failed to understand and address the racial contours of domestic sex trafficking in the United States and even perpetuates the racial myths that undermine the proper identification of minority youth as sex trafficking victims. Yet, the Obama administration has adopted new policies that raise awareness about the links between race and sex trafficking. These policies also facilitate the increased role of minority youth as leaders and spokespersons in the antitrafficking movement. Their voices defy stereotypes about Black sexuality and call upon legislators and advocates to address some of the unique vulnerabilities that kids of color face with respect to sex trafficking.
Association of intimate partner violence and health-care provider-identified obesity.

The association of physical and nonphysical intimate partner violence (IPV) with obesity was examined. Women (N = 1,179) were surveyed regarding demographics, obesity, and IPV exposure using humiliate-afraid-rape-kick (HARK), an IPV screening tool. A three-level lifetime IPV exposure variable measured physical, nonphysical or no IPV. Health-care provider-identified obesity was defined if participants were told by a medical provider within the past 5 years that they were obese. Bivariate analyses examined obesity by IPV and demographics. Multivariable logistic regression assessed odds of obesity by IPV type, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, education, and marital status. Among participants, 44% reported lifetime IPV (25% physical, 19% nonphysical), and 24% reported health-care provider-identified obesity. In unadjusted analyses, obesity was more prevalent among women exposed to physical IPV (30%) and nonphysical IPV (27%), compared to women without IPV (20%, p = .002). In multivariable models, women reporting physical IPV had 1.67 times greater odds of obesity (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20, 2.33), and women reporting nonphysical IPV had 1.46 times greater odds of obesity (95% CI 1.01, 2.10), compared to women reporting no exposure. This study extends prior data by showing, not only an association between physical IPV and obesity, but also an association between obesity and nonphysical IPV.
Humanized Thymidine Kinase–NOG Mice Can Be Used to Identify Drugs That Cause Animal-Specific Hepatotoxicity: A Case Study with Furosemide

Interspecies differences have limited the predictive utility of toxicology studies performed using animal species. A drug that could be a safe and effective treatment in humans could cause toxicity in animals, preventing it from being used in humans. We investigated whether the use of thymidine kinase (TK)–NOG mice with humanized livers could prevent this unfortunate outcome (i.e., “rescue” a drug for use in humans). A high dose of furosemide is known to cause severe liver toxicity in mice, but it is a safe and effective treatment in humans. We demonstrate that administration of a high dose of furosemide (200 mg/kg i.p.) causes extensive hepatotoxicity in control mice but not in humanized TK-NOG mice. This interspecies difference results from a higher rate of production of the toxicity-causing metabolite by mouse liver. Comparison of their survival curves indicated that the humanized mice were more resistant than control mice to the hepatotoxicity caused by high doses of furosemide. In this test case, humanized TK-NOG mouse studies indicate that humans could be safely treated with a high dose of furosemide.
Meson Factories

Meson factories are those accelerators designed to produce beams of protons in the energy range of 400 to 1000 MeV with intensities at least 1000 times greater than those presently available from FM cyclotrons. They have an important role in future research in nuclear structure physics, elementary particle physics, and bio-medical research. The criteria for selection of a meson factory are discussed. They include duty factor and the time structure of the beam, the possibility of varying the energy of the beam, the efficiency with which a large fraction of the beam can be brought to an experimental area, the possibility of the simultaneous use of high duty factor beams of differing energy, the amount of radioactivity induced in the accelerator, and general flexibility. Additional criteria are cost and the relative difficulty of the expected technological problems. Descriptions are given of the various types of accelerators which have been seriously suggested for this role. These include the sector-focusing cyclotron for the acceleration of positive ions, the sector-focusing cyclotron for the acceleration of negative hydrogen ions, and the sector-focusing ring cyclotron. The linear accelerator for the acceleration of protons has also been suggested as a meson factory, and the final description concerns the separated orbit cyclotron, combining some of the features of the linear accelerator and the sector focusing cyclotron. An attempt is made to use the criteria in a comparison of the promise of these various types of accelerators in the role of meson factory.
666 INHIBITION OF ADRIAMYCIN (ADR) INDUCED LIPID PEROXIDATION BY α-TOCOPHEROL (α-T) AND ACETYL SALICYLIC ACID (ASA)

ADR induces cardiac toxicity by peroxidation of cardiac lipids. Cardiac toxicity and lipid peroxidation are reduced by α-T in the animal model. Malonyldialdehyde (MDA) formation was measured in human platelet rich plasma (PRP) as a measure of lipid peroxidation. There was a relationship between the concentration of ADR and the amount of MDA produced, i.e., ADR at 5, 50 and 100 μg/ml produced 1.55 ± 0.13 (1 S.D.), 4.09 ± 0.41, and 5.72 ± 0.76, n moles of MDA per 109 platelets. The addition of α-T to PRP prior to ADR decreased MDA formation, the % inhibition being dependent on the concentration of α-T. At final concentration of α-T of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 mgm/ml, inhibition of platelet MDA was 14 ± 2%, 27 ± 4%, and 39 ± 5%, and was independent of the ADR concentration. ASA in vivo and vitro caused inhibition of platelet MDA induced by ADR. However, unlike the >90% inhibition of MDA by ASA in the presence of the aggregating agents epinephrine and thrombin, inhibition of ADR induced platelet MDA formation was only 60 ± 4%. α-T (0.1 mg/ml) increased this inhibitory effect of ASA by an additional 24 ± 3%. Platelet lipid peroxidation induced by ADR is inhibited independently by α-T and ASA. Although the effect of ASA appears greater than α-T, both agents are additive. The effect of ASA on ADR induced platelet MDA does not appear to be consistent with its previously known effect on platelet cyclo-oxygenase.
Does the Evaluator Make a Difference? Measurement Validity in Corruption Research

This paper presents several tests of the validity of data on corruption using the full range of data sets employed in cross-national corruption research. First, we show that different classes of indicators of corruption, a distinction based on who evaluates a country’s level of corruption, rely on different standards to assess corruption and that the difference in standards is not consistent across countries. Second, we show that the problem with indicators of corruption is imported into Transparency International’s Corruption Perception Index (CPI) and the World Bank’s Control of Corruption Index (CCI). The disregard of systematic differences among indicators in the selection of indicators used in these indices, and in the formal weighting of these indicators, induces bias that undermines the validity of the CPI and the CCI. The implications of this assessment for the analysis and production of data on corruption, and other social-science concepts, are spelled out.
Research on the Application of Turbo Code in WLAN

By analyzing the data transmission through WLAN,points out how to use Turbo code in wire-less LAN,gives a coding and decoding program which is suitable for WLAN improvement,and gives a flow chart of Turbo code in wireless LAN.Studies the performances of Turbo code with the changes of relative parameters through computer simulations,and makes a performance comparison with Convolutional code which has a widely use in traditional WLAN.The simula-tion shows that the Turbo code can obviously enhance the WLAN performance.
Repaying in Kind: Examination of the Reciprocity Effect in Faculty and Resident Evaluations

Background Although the reciprocity hypothesis (that trainees have a tendency to modify evaluations based on the grades they receive from instructors) has been documented in other fields, very little work has examined this phenomenon in the surgical residency environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which lenient-grading faculty receive higher evaluations from surgery residents. Methods Evaluation data from 2 consecutive academic years were collected retrospectively at a large university-based General Surgery residency program. Monthly faculty evaluations of residents (15 items) and resident evaluations of faculty (8 items; 1 = never demonstrates, 10 = always demonstrates) were included. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted with SPSS version 22 (IBM; Chicago, IL). Results A total of 2274 faculty assessments and 1480 resident assessments were included in this study, representing 2 years of evaluations for 32 core faculty members responsible for completing all resident evaluations and 68 PGY1-5 general surgery residents. Faculty (63% men, 13.5 ± 9.8 years out of training) represented 5 different divisions (general surgery, surgical oncology, transplant, trauma critical care, and vascular) within the general surgery department. Faculty received an average of 71.1 ± 33.9 evaluations from residents over the course of 2 years. The average rating of faculty teaching by residents was 9.5 ± 0.4. Residents received an average of 21.8 ± 0.5 evaluations with average ratings of 4.2 ± 0.4. Correlation analyses indicated a positive relationship between the average rating received from residents and the number of years since faculty completed training (r = 0.44, p = 0.01). Additionally, a significant relationship emerged between ratings received from residents and ratings given to residents ( r = 0.40, p = 0.04). Regression analyses indicated that when both variables (years since training, ratings given to residents) were included in the model, only ratings given to residents remained a significant predictor of evaluation ratings received from residents ( F (1,32) = 4.40, p = 0.04), with an R 2 of 0.16. Sex or division affiliation did not account for any unique variance. Conclusions These findings suggest that a reciprocity effect exists between surgery faculty and resident evaluations. This effect warrants further exploration, such that efforts to mitigate the risks of providing inaccurate assessments may be developed. Providing trainees with accurate assessments is particularly important given the high-stakes use of these data for milestones, promotion, and graduation purposes, which currently do not account for this reciprocity effect. Summary Results suggest that there is a reciprocity effect in the faculty and resident evaluation process.
Effects of a salivary stimulant, slaframine, on ruminal fermentation, bacterial protein synthesis and digestion in frequently fed steers.

Slaframine (SF), a parasympathomimetic salivary stimulant, was administered i.m. (10, 15 or 20 micrograms SF/kg BW) to ruminally and abomasally fistulated steers at 12-h intervals for 18-d periods in a latin square-designed experiment. Steers were fed semicontinuously (12 times daily) a 40:60 roughage:concentrate diet at twice their net energy requirement for maintenance. Ruminal digestion coefficients for DM, ADF and starch were 10 to 16% lower and linearly related in an inverse manner to the level of SF administered (P less than .05). Postruminal digestion of DM, ADF and starch increased as much as 46.7, 9.5 and 44.0%, respectively, in a fashion linearly related (P less than .05) to the level of SF administered. Total tract digestion of DM and ADF were not affected by SF; however, total tract starch digestion was increased as much as 5% and was related linearly (P less than .05) to SF treatment. With SF administration, as much as 13% more bacterial protein exited the rumen, resulting in a 16.5% linear improvement (P less than .1) in the efficiency of ruminal bacterial protein production per 100 g of OM fermented. Ruminal concentrations of VFA, ammonia and pH were not affected by SF. These results demonstrate a positive relationship between salivation and ruminal bacterial protein synthesis and suggest that feed utilization by ruminants may be improved by pharmacological stimulation of salivary secretions.
PolicosanolPlus and Neuroprevin ameliorate pesticide-mediated inhibition of neurite outgrowth and neurite degeneration.

BACKGROUND Pesticide exposure is a recognized risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, bifenthrin, a pyrethroid pesticide, was shown to inhibit the formation of neurites and cause neurite retraction, raising concern that these newer and less toxic pesticides may also contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. PolicosanolPlus and Neuroprevin are nutraceutical supplements which promote the survival of neurites in neuronal cell cultures. Here we determine if PolicosanolPlus and Neuroprevin can ameliorate the neurodegenerative effects of bifenthrin. MATERIAL/METHODS PC12 cells were treated with NGF, bifenthrin, PolicosanolPlus and Neuroprevin in various combinations and the formation of neurites was assessed microscopically at times ranging from 12 to 72 hours post treatment. Bifenthrin was also withheld at the time of NGF, PolicosanolPlus and Neuroprevin treatment and added after neurite formed to assess neurite retraction. RESULTS Bifenthrin (1 x 10(-6) M) inhibits neurite outgrowth, in the absence of cell death, by more than 50% at 12 hours and by more than 80% at 72 hours. With addition of PolicosanolPlus and/or Neuroprevin at the time of cell seeding, bifenthrin does not inhibit neurite outgrowth. Addition of bifenthrin to differentiated cells results in a retraction of 90% of neurites, while those with PolicosanolPlus and Neuroprevin show no significant retraction of neurites. CONCLUSIONS The pesticide, bifenthrin, inhibits neurite formation and causes neurite retraction. PolicosanolPlus and Neuroprevin are nutraceutical supplements which ameliorate the effects of bifenthrin on neurite outgrowth and retraction. Dietary supplementation with PolicosanolPlus and Neuroprevin may protect against developmental and long-term neurodegenerative events that result from exposure to pesticides.
Towards A Virtual Assistant That Can Be Taught New Tasks In Any Domain By Its End-Users.

The challenge stated in the title can be divided into two main problems. The first problem is to reliably mimic the way that users interact with user interfaces. The second problem is to build an instructible agent, i.e. one that can be taught to execute tasks expressed as previously unseen natural language commands. This paper proposes a solution to the second problem, a system we call Helpa. End-users can teach Helpa arbitrary new tasks whose level of complexity is similar to the tasks available from today's most popular virtual assistants. Teaching Helpa does not involve any programming. Instead, users teach Helpa by providing just one example of a command paired with a demonstration of how to execute that command. Helpa does not rely on any pre-existing domain-specific knowledge. It is therefore completely domain-independent. Our usability study showed that end-users can teach Helpa many new tasks in less than a minute each, often much less.
Underground pipeline response to earthquake-induced ground deformation

Abstract The principal causes of earthquake-induced ground deformation are identified and their interaction with underground infrastructure, primarily pipelines and conduits, is described. The coupled forces normal and parallel to underground pipelines arising from earthquake-induced ground movement are evaluated, including a review of measured stresses on pipe surfaces during large-scale testing, evaluation of frictional forces related to soil-pipe interaction, and the resolution of interaction forces along and across pipelines. Methods for characterizing soil reaction to pipe lateral and vertical movements are presented. The maximum downward pipe force is only about one-third the maximum force determined with conventional bearing capacity equations, thus requiring changes in current analytical and design practice. The analytical results for pipeline response to strike-slip and normal fault rupture are shown to compare favorably with the results of both large-scale and centrifuge tests of soil-pipeline interaction simulating these types of severe ground deformation.
CMV-Specific CD8 T Cell Differentiation and Localization: Implications for Adoptive Therapies.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous virus that causes chronic infection, and thus is one of the most common infectious complications of immune suppression. Adoptive transfer of HCMV-specific T cells has emerged as an effective method to reduce the risk for HCMV infection and/or reactivation by restoring immunity in transplant recipients. However, the CMV-specific CD8+ T cell response is comprised of a heterogenous mixture of subsets with distinct functions and localization and it is not clear if current adoptive immunotherapy protocols can reconstitute the full spectrum of CD8+ T cell immunity. The aim of this review is to briefly summarize the role of these T cell subsets in CMV immunity and to describe how current adoptive immunotherapy practices might affect their reconstitution in patients. The bulk of the CMV-specific CD8+ T cell population is made up of terminally differentiated effector T cells with immediate effector function and a short life span. Self-renewing memory T cells within the CMV-specific population retain the capacity to expand and differentiate upon challenge and are important for the long-term persistence of the CD8+ T cell response. Finally mucosal organs, which are frequent sites of CMV reactivation, are primarily inhabited by tissue resident memory T cells, which do not recirculate. Future work on adoptive transfer strategies may need to focus on striking a balance between the formation of these subsets to ensure the development of long lasting and protective immune responses that can access the organs affected by CMV disease.
Design of Integrated Ring Extractor for High Resolution Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) 3D Printing

Abstract This paper presents an integrated ring extractor design in electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing, which can overcome the standoff height limitation in the EHD printing process, and improve printing capability for 3D structures. Standoff height in EHD printing will affect printing processes and limit the height of the printed structure when the ground electrode is placed under the substrate. In this work, we designed and integrated a ground ring electrode with the printing nozzle to achieve a self-working printer head, which can start and maintain the printing process without the involvement of the substrate. We applied FEA method to model the electrostatic field distribution and strength to direct the ring extractor design, which has the similar printing capability with the system using substrate as the ground electrode. We verified the ring electrode design by experiments, and the results from experiments demonstrated a good match with results in the FEA simulation. We have characterized the printing processes using the integrated ring extractor, and successfully applied newly designed ring extractor to print polycaprolactone (PCL) 3D structures.
CHARMM force field parameters for 2'-hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfinate, 2-hydroxybiphenyl, and related analogs.

Abstract 2′-Hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfinate (HBPS) desulfinase (DszB) catalyzes the cleavage of the carbon-sulfur bond from HBPS in the final step of microbial 4S pathway desulfurization reactions. DszB is notable for its substrate specificity and exhibits product inhibition, both of which hinder the overall 4S pathway turnover rate. To understand the molecular-level contributions to substrate and inhibitor binding to DszB, we plan to perform molecular dynamic simulations bound to an array of naphthenic molecules and biphenyl analogues of HBPS. However, many of the small molecules we are interested in are not included in standard force field packages, and thus, we must first produce accurate molecular mechanics force fields. Here, we develop and validate CHARMM-compatible force field parameters for the HBPS substrate, the 2-hydroxybiphenyl product, and potential inhibitors including: 2,2′-biphenol, 2-biphenyl carboxylic acid, 1,8-naphthosultam, and 1,8-naphthosultone. The selected molecules represent biphenyl compounds having both a single and double functional group and the planar naphthenic molecule class, all likely present in the oil-rich environment surrounding DszB-producing microorganisms. The Force Field Toolkit (ffTK) in VMD was used to optimize charge, bond distance, angle, and dihedral parameters. Optimized geometries were determined from quantum mechanical calculations. Molecular simulations of the molecules in explicit and implicit water solutions were conducted to assess the abilities of optimized parameters to recapitulate optimized geometries. Calculated infrared (IR) spectra were obtained and compared with experimental IR spectra for validation of the optimized MM parameters.
Functional Equivalence of Sleep Loss and Time on Task Effects in Sustained Attention.

Research on sleep loss and vigilance both focus on declines in cognitive performance, but theoretical accounts have developed largely in parallel in these two areas. In addition, computational instantiations of theoretical accounts are rare. The current work uses computational modeling to explore whether the same mechanisms can account for the effects of both sleep loss and time on task on performance. A classic task used in the sleep deprivation literature, the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT), was extended from the typical 10-min duration to 35 min, to make the task similar in duration to traditional vigilance tasks. A computational cognitive model demonstrated that the effects of time on task in the PVT were equivalent to those observed with sleep loss. Subsequently, the same mechanisms were applied to a more traditional vigilance task-the Mackworth Clock Task-providing a good fit to existing data. This supports the hypothesis that these different types of fatigue may produce functionally equivalent declines in performance.
Low-dose ketamine for treatment resistant depression in an academic clinical practice setting.

Abstract Background Recent studies demonstrating a rapid, robust improvement in treatment resistant depression (TRD) following a single sub-anesthetic infusion of ketamine have generated much excitement. However, these studies are limited in their generalizability to the broader TRD population due to their subject exclusion criteria which typically limit psychiatric comorbidity, concurrent medication, and level of suicide risk. This paper describes the safety and efficacy of sub-anesthetic ketamine infusions in a naturalistic TRD patient sample participating in a real-world TRD treatment program within a major university health system. Methods The effects of a sub-anesthetic dose (0.5 mg/kg) of ketamine infused IV over forty minutes on TRD patients participating in a treatment program at the University of California, San Diego was investigated by retrospectively analyzing the medical charts of 41 adult TRD patients with a diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) or Bipolar Disorder (BD). Results Subjects were aged 48.6, 78% white, 36.6% female, and 82.9% had MDD. Significant psychiatric comorbidity existed in 73%. Average pre-infusion BDI score was 32.6 ± 8.4 (S.D) and dropped to 16.8 ± 3.1 at 24-h post-infusion (p Limitations Retrospective nature of this study, lack of control group and use of self-report depression ratings scales. Conclusions This is the first published study of sub-anesthetic ketamine infusions in a real-world TRD population. The results suggest that this treatment is effective and well tolerated in this population
»Josef Kainz zumGedächtnis« (1910) und andere Schauspielergedichte

Die in der Forschung zumeist als Schauspielergedichte zusammengefassten drei lyrischen Werke Hofmannsthals wurden vom Autor fur Gedachtnisfeiern auf verstorbene grose Buhnendarsteller seiner Zeit geschrieben. Neben der Anlassgebundenheit wurde insbesondere der Rekurs auf Goethes Euphrosyne sowie Auf Miedings Tod als verbindendes Element der Schauspielergedichte hervorgehoben (Mayer 1993, 29).
Local Public Health Surveillance of Heroin-Related Morbidity and Mortality, Orange County, Florida, 2010-2014.

Objectives:Heroin-related deaths have increased substantially in the past 10 years in the United States, particularly in Florida. Our objectives were to measure heroin-related morbidity and mortali...
Local Materials in the Productive Trade Use of the ‘Pugliese Calcareous Tufa’

ABSTRACT The report studies several types of building stones extracted in Apulia (Southern Italian region): the “calcareous tufa”, considered a “poor material”. The sedimentologic, petrologic and mechanical characteristics are enclosed. The use of this material in the building industry is also presented, in the light of the limited performance characteristics. Finally, of an on-going research, of IRIS-CNR are also included, wich study the recovery of this building element and the requalification of its technology.
Measuring candidate selection mechanisms in European elections: Comparing formal party rules to candidate survey responses:

Students of party organization often rely on politicians’ perceptions when measuring internal party institutions and organizational characteristics. We compare a commonly used survey measure of pol...
A Simulation Model for Application Development in Data Warehouses

Software development projects have been blamed for being behind schedule, cost overruns, and the delivery of poor quality product. This paper presents a simulation model of a data warehouse to evaluate the feasibility of different software development controls and measures to better manage a software development lifecycle, and improve the performance of the launched software. This paper attempts to address the practical issue of code defects in each stage of data warehouse application development. The author has compared the defect removal rate of their previous project to the newly proposed enhanced project development life cycle that uses code inspection and code scorecard along with other phases of software development life cycle. Simulation results show that the code inspection and code score-carding have achieved a significant code defect reduction. This has also significantly improved the software development process and allowed for a flawless production execution. The author proposes this simulation model to a data warehouse application development process to enable developers to improve their current process.
Prototype telepathology solutions that use the Raspberry Pi and mobile devices

Advances in mobile technologies have led to the use of mobile devices in telemedicine. Examples include smartphones for capturing microscopic images from glass slides for remote telepathology and in teledermatology consultations. As use of smartphones become even more pervasive in developing countries where expert medical consultation is greatly needed, telemedicine, such as telepathology and telemicroscopy consultations will become more feasible even in the most remote locations. In this paper, we report on our experience on an early evaluation of prototype systems that use the Raspberry Pi with mobile devices for telepathology consultation. We present some alternatives for connecting the Raspberry Pi to the Internet along with their performance measurements.
Genetic characterization of Listeria monocytogenes from ruminant listeriosis from different geographical regions in the U.S.

Abstract Listeria monocytogenes infections are an important disease of ruminants worldwide, causing encephalitis, septicemia, and abortions. Ruminant listeriosis can also pose a food safety risk due to the potential for L. monocytogenes to enter the food supply via the farm environment. Data on the genetic diversity of L. monocytogenes from ruminant clinical cases in the United States is limited. Our goal was to assess the genetic diversity of clinical listeriosis isolates from ruminants in the Upper Great Plains states, a population not well-studied, and compare this population to isolates from ruminants in New York State. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) was used to classify and compare the genetic diversity of the isolates from the two regions. Loci sequences were compared to all known sequence types using the Pasteur Institute L. monocytogenes MLST database. Four novel sequence types (ST) were identified among the Upper Great Plains isolates, and four new STs were classified in the New York collection. Five STs were found to be common across the 2 geographical regions; ST 1, 7, 191, and 204. Strains of ST 7 were most frequently isolated (7/46 isolates). Strains of ST 91 were all associated with fetal infections from the Upper Great Plains. Our results demonstrate that while there are some subtypes commonly found between the two geographic regions, there are also subtypes distinct to each region.
Embryonic Domestic Chickens Can Detect Compounds in an Avian Chemosignal Before Breathing Air

We know almost nothing about the chemosensory experiences of birds as they develop within an egg’s fluid-filled environment. Given well-established literature on chemical detection of mammals in utero, we explored whether domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) exhibit a similar ability to detect or learn about chemical stimuli prior to breathing air. We incubated 18 eggs from embryonic day (E)9–18 in scented air containing Z-4-decenal and octanal, two key components of a citrusy-scented avian social odour (from Crested Auklets [Aethia cristatella]; Proc R Soc Lond 270:1323–1329, 2003). Control eggs were not exposed to scent. Behavioural responses of embryos were quantified by opening the shell and exposing embryos to three different test scents (Crested Auklet, wintergreen [novel scent], and water [unscented control]). Embryos in both the odour and control treatments reacted more to auklet odour than to water consistent with odour detection; the pattern was less clear for wintergreen. Furthermore, odour-treated embryos gave a lower net response (e.g. less kicking, body shifting) when tested with auklet odour, compared to controls. A reduced response is consistent with odour familiarity. We conclude that embryos modified their behaviour after experiencing air-borne compounds that were transmitted into the egg’s fluid environment. Emerging data on avian body odour, nest scent, and maternal-mediated dietary compounds promise to reveal new insights into the role of early chemosensory exposure during bird development.
Global Incorporation, Ideology, and Public Policy in Zimbabwe

Six years after independence, Zimbabwe is viewed by its admirers as having adopted a pragmatic approach to a broad range of socialist oriented policies. A massive expansion and re-direction of services in the areas of education, health, and agricultural extension services, in addition to the creation of one of the world’s largest resettlement programs, are often cited as evidence of how the government of Prime Minister Robert Mugabe is working for socialist transformation in Zimbabwe. In addition, under Mugabe’s Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) government, the Zimbabwean economy has been able to maintain a real expansion in production averaging near 4.6% per annum-perhaps the highest rate in Africa--while the government has reversed a tremendous balance of payments deficit.
Three essays on contingent claims pricing

This dissertation consists of three research topics in contemporary financial option pricing theories and their applications. The common theme of those topics involves the pricing of financial claims whose value become path-dependent when using the usual lattice approximating schemes. The first essay explores the potential of transformation and other schemes in constructing a sequence of simple binomial processes that weakly converges to the desired diffusion limit. Convergence results are established for the valuation of both European and American contingent claims when the underlying asset prices are approximated by simple binomial processes. It is also demonstrated how to construct reflecting or absorbing binomial processes to approximate diffusions with boundaries. Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed simple approximations not only converge, but also give more accurate results then existing methods such as Nelson and Ramaswamy (1990), especially for longer maturities. Our purpose in essay 2 is two-fold. First we extend some of the simple lattice-approximation methods for one-dimensional diffusions to higher dimensions and develop special lattices to approximate perfectly correlated diffusions. We then examine current modelling issues of the term structure of interest rates, and demonstrate how to apply the approximation techniques developed here to handle path-dependence and multi-sources of uncertainty in these models. The last essay analyzes the investment decisions of insured banks under fixed-rate deposit insurance. The model takes into account the charter value and allows banks to dynamically revise their asset portfolios. Trade-offs exists between preserving the charter and exploiting deposit insurance. The optimal bank portfolio problem is solved analytically for a constant charter value. In any audit period, banks maximize their risk exposure before some critical time and act cautiously thereafter. The corresponding deposit insurance is shown to be a put option that matures at this critical time rather than at the audit date.
From Colony to Capital: Reconsidering the Socio-Economic and Political History of Amman, 1878–1928

Jordanian nationalist historiography describes the four centuries of Ottoman dominion over Arab lands (1516–1918) as a time of stagnation, chaos and despotism. This trend is seen in historical stud...
An empirical evaluation of deepwater economic limits in the Gulf of Mexico

Abstract Economic limits are a required parameter in reserves estimation, and when examined in a collective fashion on a regional basis, provide insight into the characteristics of end-of-life operations. By examining the net revenue of wells and structures at the end of their life we can infer the economic limit of production and obtain useful information on operating cost statistics and decommissioning economics. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the economic limits for wells and structures in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico in water depth greater than 400 feet (122 m). Net revenue statistics and distributions are summarized the last year of production for 23 decommissioned deepwater structures and 486 permanently abandoned deepwater wells from 1977 to 2017. The average inflation-adjusted net revenue the last year of production of all decommissioned structures was $13.4 million with a median value of $3.1 million. Deepwater dry tree wells exhibited an average economic limit of $3.8 million compared to $17.8 million for wet tree wells, and economic limits were $3.2 million for gas wells compared to $5 million for oil wells. Dry tree wells are able to handle higher water cuts than wet wells at the end of their life, 45% versus 18% for oil wells, and 50% versus 13% for gas wells.
Diffusion membrane generation of 1-cyclohexylpiperidinium bicarbonate

Abstract Different methods of introducing CO2 to a heterogeneous mixture of water and 1-cyclohexylpiperidine are explored in order to generate a single-phase aqueous 1-cyclohexylpiperidinium bicarbonate solution. Membrane gas contacting was found to be an effective method for CO2 addition. This analysis varied solution temperature, gas pressure, solution pressure, solution flow rate, and membrane area to determine and minimize mass transport and chemical reaction limiting phenomena. Both mass transport limitations and chemical kinetic limitations were found for the industrially relevant membrane gas contacting process conditions explored in this study.
Abstract 198: Single-cell Reconstruction of Differentiation Trajectory Reveals a Critical Role of Ets1 in Human Cardiac Lineage Commitment

Human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) is an essential model system, but the dynamic process of this in vitro differentiation, especially the pivotal stages of cardiac cell lin...
Bleeding Risk of Therapeutic Unfractionated Heparin and Low Molecular Weight Heparin in Patients with Cirrhosis

Patients with cirrhosis are simultaneously at an increased risk of bleeding and thrombosis. Studies comparing the safety of parenteral anticoagulants in this population are lacking. This study evaluated the safety of therapeutic unfractionated heparin versus low molecular weight heparin in patients with cirrhosis. This system-wide, retrospective cohort study included adults with cirrhosis receiving unfractionated heparin or low molecular weight heparin for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. The primary endpoint was the incidence of major bleeding. Eighty-two patients were included in this study, with 52 receiving unfractionated heparin and 30 receiving low molecular weight heparin. More major bleeding occurred in the unfractionated heparin arm compared to the low molecular weight heparin arm (19.2% vs 0%, p = 0.010). Low molecular weight heparin may be a safer option in patients with cirrhosis treated for acute venous thromboembolism, but future studies should confirm these findings.
A review on the quantification of life cycle greenhouse gas emissions at urban scale

Abstract Cities are responsible for 75%–80% of emissions worldwide, and policies that target emissions reductions are often implemented at an urban scale. This paper reviews studies using life cycle assessment (LCA) methods, specifically input-output and hybrid analysis, which used a consumption based accounting system to quantify direct (Scope 1) emissions and indirect (Scope 2 and Scope 3) emissions at the urban scale. Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions for case studies are scaled toward three metrics: nominal Gross Domestic Product, population, and population density; as these factors are known to be influential in life cycle assessment results at these scales. However, this work illustrates that, for the cities and countries considered in these case studies, the similarity between cities within the same country is more pronounced than any effects of Gross Domestic Product (economy) or population/population density (city size) across cities in different countries. Accounting for greenhouse gas emissions at city scale using LCA methods presents difficulties in three LCA phases: In Phase 1, there is no agreement available on a concisely defined city boundary and the extent to which indirect emissions are included; In Phase 2, there is a lack of publicly available data from governments for a wide range of locations; In Phase 3, there are few studies among those reviewed that provided a thorough analysis of greenhouse gas emissions using life cycle impact assessment at urban scale. Because of these issues with LCA Phases 1–3, Phase 4 (interpretation of results) cannot be performed effectively to assist with emissions reduction policymaking and planning.
Molecular genetic and mitochondrial metabolic analyses confirm the suspected mitochondrial etiology in a pediatric patient with an atypical form of alternating hemiplegia of childhood

Abstract Alternative hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder with an extensive phenotypic variability, resulting in a challenging clinical diagnosis. About 75% of AHC cases are caused by pathogenic variants mapping in the ATP1A3, ATP1A2 or GLUT1 gene, leaving many AHC patients clinically and genetically undiagnosed. In this study, we report the case of a 9-year old proband clinically diagnosed with an atypical form of AHC presenting a suspected mitochondrial etiology and an obscure genetic diagnosis. Long-range PCR followed by next generation sequencing of the proband's mitochondrial genome identified a novel mitochondrial variant, m.12302C > A, mapping in the MT-TL2 gene with a low heteroplasmic level in blood and fibroblasts. Whole exome sequencing revealed three known and novel pathogenic variants with different parental inheritance, all involved in the mitochondrial energy metabolism and thus far not associated with AHC. Live-cell mitochondrial metabolic study showed dysregulated mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation pathway and metabolic plasticity preventing an efficient switch to glycolysis to sustain ATP homeostasis, congruent with the suspected mitochondrial etiology. In conclusion, our comprehensive genetic and metabolic analyses suggest an oligogenic inheritance among the nuclear and mitochondrial variants for the mitochondrial etiology of proband's atypical form of AHC, thereby providing critical insight in terms of genetic clues and bioenergetic deficit. This approach also improves the diagnostic process of atypical form of AHC with an unclear genotype-phenotype correlation to personalize therapeutic interventions.