cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Study of the Solid State Properties of an Organic Superconductor

We have synthesized cooper(I)di[bis(ethylenedithiolo)terathiafulvalene] bis(isothiocyanato), [(BEDT-TTF)2]+[Cu(NCS)2]using standard electrochemical methods. Single crystal samples of the compound were obtained and were found to have superconducting transition temperatures of 10.4 K, using DC conductivity measurements. [(BEDT-TTF)2+[Cu(NCS)2] shows a region between room temperature and 90 K which appears to be ‘semiconducting’ To characterize the structure of the samples we used Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM). STM supplied real-space images of the sample surface in accordance to its electronic structure. Ravy observed diffuse streaks between Bragg spots in his X-ray data of [(BEDT-TTF)2+[Cu(NCS)2]-, which he attributes to a stacking fault at every fourth repetition of the anion in the crystal structure [1]. STM shows no evidence for such disorder in [{BEDT-TTF)2]+[Cu(NCS)2]-of the type proposed, and in fact illustrates direct evidence to the contrary. An intensity modulation in the STM data supports the possibility of a charge density wave commensurate with the lattice. This interpretation is consistent with the calculated Fermi surface which allows nesting of the wave vector and may explain the peculiar behavior of the temperature dependency of the conductivity data in the normal region.
The impact of health and education on future labour force participation among individuals aged 55–74 in the United States of America: the MacArthur Foundation Research Network on an Aging Society

Chronic disease, mobility limitations and low physical functioning are determinants of an earlier age of retirement. Therefore, long-term population trends in these factors may have an impact on the proportion of individuals near traditional retirement age who continue to work. Our objective is to develop a projection model that accounts for trends in these factors in order to estimate the proportion of the population aged 55–74 with the capacity to participate in the labour force. We used logistic regression models to quantify how chronic disease, mobility and functional status predict labour force participation among individuals aged 55–59. Next, we obtained estimates of the population prevalence of each of these predictors for the years 2010–2050. We then used estimated coefficients from the logistic regression models to predict the age-specific probability of capacity for work up to the age of 74. We find that population capacity for work depends on trends in disability and on level of education. Future population capacity for work depends on trends in functional limitations primarily in the population with lower levels of education. Changes in functional limitations, changes in the environment, technology and social policy targeted towards individuals with lower levels of education could result in mitigation of future decreasing capacity for work in the population near retirement age.
Entangled Electrons Foil Synthesis of Elusive Low-Valent Vanadium Oxo Complex

We examine the recently reported first synthesis of the elusive low-valent vanadium(III) in a vanadium oxo complex with a computation representing 1021 quantum degrees of freedom. While this computation is intractable with a conventionally constructed wave function, it is performed here by a direct calculation of the system’s two-electron reduced density matrix (2-RDM), where the 2-RDM is constrained by nontrivial conditions, known as N-representability conditions, that restrict the 2-RDM to represent an N electron quantum system. We show that the added (reducing) electron becomes entangled among the five pyridine ligands. While smaller calculations predict a metal-centered addition, large-scale 2-RDM calculations show that quantum entanglement redirects the electron transfer to the pyridine ligands, resulting in a ligand-centered addition. Beyond its implications for the synthesis of low-valent vanadium oxo complexes, the result suggests new possibilities for using quantum entanglement to predict and con...
Analysis on Water Quality Surveilance Data of Swimming Pools in Urban Areas of Longyan City,2006-2012

Objective To understand the hygienic quality and trends of swimming pool water,so as to provide scientific basis for management,and prevent the transmission of water-borne communicable diseases. Methods The data of water quality surveilance of swimming pools were analyzed during 2006-2012.The monitoring was based on technical specification or hygienic standards. Results A total of 93water samples were tested during 2006-2012,49were up to standard,accounting for 52.69%.The qualified rate of samples was 13.33%、0.00%、33.33%、66.67%、6/6、71.43%、83.33%(P 0.01).The qualified rate of water temperature,pH value,turbidity,urea,total bacterial count,total coliforms,residual chlorine was 78.49%,100.00%,100.00%,100.00%,70.96%,92.47%and 93.55%respectively. Conclusion Although the hygienic quality of swimming pool water becomes better year after year,the situation is not optimistic.It is necessary to strengthen supervision and improve the hugienic quality of swimming pool watier to protect the health of swimmers.
Organizational Stress as Moderator of Relationship Between Mental Health Provider Adaptability and Organizational Commitment.

Objective:Community mental health providers often operate within stressful work environments and are at high risk of emotional exhaustion, which can negatively affect job performance and client satisfaction with services. This cross-sectional study examined the relationships between organizational stress, provider adaptability, and organizational commitment.Methods:Variables were analyzed with moderated multilevel regression in a sample of 311 mental health providers from 49 community mental health programs.Results:Stressful organizational climate, characterized by high levels of emotional exhaustion, role conflict, and role overload, was negatively related to organizational commitment. Organizational stress moderated the relationship between provider adaptability and organizational commitment, such that those who were more adaptable had greater levels of organizational commitment when organizational stress was low but were less committed than those who were less adaptable when organizational stress was h...
Basic Data Structures for B6700 Algorithms

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the basic data structures for B6700 algorithms. The code for a B6700 algorithm is segmented into blocks as shown in a diagrammatic form in the chapter. Each block-structured language has its own syntax for use in delimiting such blocks, for example, Algol 60, uses begin, end pairs for program blocks and procedure” pairs for procedure blocks. The code for each block is stored as a physically separate segment. Each entry in the segment dictionary serves as a segment pointer or descriptor. Only segments that are actually a part of the specification of a site of activity, that is, for an active processor need to be present in physically addressable memory. When the flow of control moves from one segment to another in the algorithm, the hardware accesses the segment dictionary to acquire the base address of the desired segment as found in its descriptor. Thereafter, each succeeding instruction in the same segment is accessed as an offset from the base.
Two-Point Boundary Value Problems

Solve y″ = f ( x, y, y ′), y ( a ) = α, y ( b ) = β Introduction In two-point boundary value problems the auxiliary conditions associated with the differential equation, called the boundary conditions , are specified at two different values of x . This seemingly small departure from initial value problems has a major repercussion – it makes boundary value problems considerably more difficult to solve. In an initial value problem, we were able to start at the point were the initial values were given and march the solution forward as far as needed. This technique does not work for boundary value problems, because there are not enough starting conditions available at either end point to produce a unique solution. One way to overcome the lack of starting conditions is to guess the missing boundary values at one end. The resulting solution is very unlikely to satisfy boundary conditions at the other end, but by inspecting the discrepancy we can estimate what changes to make to the initial conditions before integrating again. This iterative procedure is known as the shooting method . The name is derived from analogy with target shooting – take a shot and observe where it hits the target, then correct the aim and shoot again. Another means of solving two-point boundary value problems is the finite difference method , where the differential equations are approximated by finite differences at evenly spaced mesh points. As a consequence, a differential equation is transformed into set of simultaneous algebraic equations. The two methods have a common problem: they give rise to nonlinear sets of equations if the differential equation is not linear. As we noted in Chapter 4, all methods of solving nonlinear equations are iterative procedures that can consume a lot of computational resources.
Mental Skills for Endurance Sports

Coaches often tell athletes to be mentally tough, especially when facing grueling endurance events. But how do athletes achieve mental toughness? They need to train their minds as well as their bodies. Two sport psychologists review research and provide tips for mental training in the following areas of endurance sport: motivation, goal setting, energy management, self-talk, concentration, imagery, routines, and mindfulness. We also include strategies for finding a healthy balance with exercise.
Persuasive Cities for Sustainable Wellbeing: Quantified Communities

Can you imagine a city that feels, understands, and cares about your wellbeing? Future cities will reshape human behavior in countless ways. New strategies and models are required for future urban spaces to properly respond to human activity, environmental conditions, and market dynamics. Persuasive urban systems will play an important role in making cities more livable and resource-efficient by addressing current environmental challenges and enabling healthier routines. Persuasive cities research aims at improving wellbeing across societies through applications of socio-psychological theories and their integration with conceptually new urban designs. This research presents an ecosystem of future cities, describes three generic groups of people depending on their susceptibility to persuasive technology, explains the process of defining behavior change, and provides tools for social engineering of persuasive cities. Advancing this research is important as it scaffolds scientific knowledge on how to design persuasive cities and refines guidelines for practical applications in achieving their emergence.
Complex Coacervate Core Micelles for the Dispersion and Stabilization of Organophosphate Hydrolase in Organic Solvents

Organophosphate (OP) nerve agents are a class of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) that exist as bulk stocks in current and past war zones. Thus, a technology that can perform on-site decontamination in a safe and timely fashion is desirable. Here, complex coacervate core micelles (C3Ms) were used to encapsulate organophosphate hydrolase (OPH) and chemostabilize it to maintain activity after exposure to organophosphate simulants ethanol and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP). C3Ms were formed by two polymers—poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate)-b-poly(4-vinyl N-methylpyridyl iodide), (POEGMA-b-qP4VP). Complexes of the coacervate micelles with the enzyme OPH were investigated by small angle neutron scattering (SANS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), demonstrating the formation of micellar structures in solution. The activity of OPH against methyl paraoxon in these C3Ms under aqueous conditions was assayed after heat treatment for 3 da...
Palladium-Catalyzed, N-(2-Aminophenyl)acetamide-Assisted Ortho-Arylation of Substituted Benzamides: Application to the Synthesis of Urolithins B, M6, and M7.

Pd-catalyzed, selective, monoarylation of ortho-C–H bonds of various benzamides with aryl/heteroaryl iodides has been realized using N-(2-aminophenyl)acetamide (APA) as a new bidentate directing group for the first time. The reaction was tolerant of a wide range of functional groups, and a variety of biaryl amide derivatives were successfully prepared in good to moderate yield. The utilization of N-(2-aminophenyl)acetamide as a novel directing group, Mn(OAc)2 as a co-oxidant (silver free reaction conditions), and absolute ortho-monoaryl selectivity are notable features of this reaction. In addition, the obtained monoarylated products could be further transformed into the bioactive natural products and human microflora metabolites of dietary ellagic acid derivatives, urolithin B, urolithin M6, and urolithin M7.
Pilot Cueing Synergies for Degraded Visual Environments

Operating in a degraded visual environment (DVE) poses a significant risk to helicopter operations. A DVE can be caused by partial or total loss of visibility from airborne dust, sand, or snow stirred up by the helicopter’s rotor downwash. A DVE can cause a loss of spatial orientation and situational awareness, which has on several occasions led to controlled flight into terrain, ground obstacle collisions, and the loss of aircraft and personnel. DVEs have driven the development of new display technologies, which in turn present new challenges, including the integration of scene imagery, visual symbology, tactile cueing, and aural cueing. In a full-motion DVE simulation study with seven test pilots, we evaluated aural and tactile cueing along with sensor imagery displayed on either a helmet-mounted display (HMD) or panel-mounted display (PMD). The symbology and forward looking infrared (FLIR) imagery were presented on a UH-60M PMD or a SA Photonics high definition, wide field-of-view, binocular HMD. Additionally, the synergistic effects of aural and tactile cues were assessed. Tactile cues were presented via belt, shoulder harness, and seat cushion using electromechanical tactile stimulators. Aural cues were presented via an HGU-56/P rotary-wing aircrew helmet. The compatibility and effectiveness of each combination of FLIR sensor imagery, selected display, and aural and tactile cueing set were evaluated with quantitative measures of flight performance, pilot subjective reports, and pilot psychophysiological measures.
Columbine Revisited: Myths and Realities About the Bullying–School Shootings Connection

After the Columbine school shooting in 1999, concern about bullying crescendoed. A prominent belief emerged that bullying causes school shootings. However, many of the beliefs about bullying consti...
ρ-Adic Forms

It has long been conjectured that a homogeneous polynomial in n variables of a given fixed degree d over a ρ-adic number field has a non-trivial zero in that field provided n ≥ d 2 + 1.
Environmental cues determine the fate of astrocytes after spinal cord injury.

Reactive astrogliosis occurs after central nervous system (CNS) injuries whereby resident astrocytes form rapid responses along a graded continuum. Following CNS lesions, naive astrocytes are converted into reactive astrocytes and eventually into scar-forming astrocytes that block axon regeneration and neural repair. It has been known for decades that scarring development and its related extracellular matrix molecules interfere with regeneration of injured axons after CNS injury, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms for controlling astrocytic scar formation and maintenance are not well known. Recent use of various genetic tools has made tremendous progress in better understanding genesis of reactive astrogliosis. Especially, the latest experiments demonstrate environment-dependent plasticity of reactive astrogliosis because reactive astrocytes isolated from injured spinal cord form scarring astrocytes when transplanted into injured spinal cord, but revert in retrograde to naive astrocytes when transplanted into naive spinal cord. The interactions between upregulated type I collagen and its receptor integrin β1 and the N-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion appear to play major roles for local astrogliosis around the lesion. This review centers on the environment-dependent plasticity of reactive astrogliosis after spinal cord injury and its potential as a therapeutic target.
Sarcopenia and outcomes in ventral hernia repair: a preliminary review

Sarcopenia, or loss of muscle mass, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in oncologic resections and several other major surgeries. Complex ventral hernia repairs (VHRs) and abdominal wall reconstruction are often performed in patients at high risk for morbidity and recurrence, though limited data exist on outcomes related to sarcopenia. We aimed to determine if sarcopenia is associated with worse outcomes in patients undergoing VHR. We reviewed patients undergoing VHRs from 2014 to 2015. Preoperative CT images were analyzed for cross-sectional muscle mass. Patients with and without sarcopenia underwent statistical analysis to evaluate differences in perioperative morbidity and hernia recurrence. Muscle indices were analyzed independently for outcomes. 135 patients underwent VHR with/without fistula takedown, staged repairs or other concomitant procedures. 27% had sarcopenia (age 34–84, BMI 27–33, 62% male). Postoperative complications occurred in 43% of sarcopenic patients and 47% of non-sarcopenic patients (p = 0.70). Surgical site infections (SSI) were seen in 16% of sarcopenic patients compared to 29% without sarcopenia (p = 0.14). There was no difference in hernia recurrence between groups (p = 0.90). However, after adjusting for diabetes and BMI, a 10 cm2/m2 decrease in muscle index had 1.44 OR of postoperative complications (p < 0.05). Though prevalent in our population, sarcopenia was not associated with an increase in postoperative complications, surgical site occurences/infections, or hernia recurrence when previously published oncologic sarcopenia cutoffs were utilized. Previously established sarcopenia outcomes in malignancy may be attributable to an altered metabolic state that is not present in hernia repair patients. Larger-scale studies are recommended to establish new sarcopenia cutoffs for VHRs.
Microseismic evidence for horizontal hydraulic fractures in the Marcellus Shale, southeastern West Virginia

Abstract An integrated analysis of multistage hydraulic fracture stimulation done in three horizontal wells in the Marcellus Shale in southeastern West Virginia revealed that nearly half (14 out of...
Identifying and Classifying Disturbed Children in the Schools: Implications of DSM-III for School Psychology

This article reviews the multiaxial classification system of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd edition), or DSM-III, for children and adolescents. Since a number of cla...
China Tongs in America: Continuity and Opportunities

Tongs are probably the most cited terminology when referring to Chinese organized crime in North America, although the terminology has faded somewhat in recent years from academic writings. However, to most U.S. law enforcement agencies and legislative bodies, tongs are still used to signify the underworld in Chinatowns. Depending on which government source one uses, tongs maybe considered a form of non-traditional Asian criminal enterprises, resembling street gangs more so than the traditional triads in Hong Kong or Yakuza in Japan.
Economic Development and Marketing Strategies: a Comparative Lens

Go back We analyze two core models of economic development in emerging markets: socialism (i.e., the “visible hand” of the state in directing the country’s socio-economic life) and capitalism (i.e., the “invisible hand” of the markets implemented through pro-market reforms). We further distinguish between two types of socialist economic development: Soviet Communism (as experienced in the pre-1990s Central and Eastern European transition economies) and Fabian Socialism (as experiencedin pre-1991 India). We then suggest that companies can adapt to the evolution from socialism to capitalism in their countries through the implementation of more sophisticated marketing strategies that can ensure a sustainable competitive advantage. Thus, we study the marketing strategies of companies from emerging markets operating under both models of economic development. We analyze the opportunities and challenges that emerging market companies face under each model of economic development in terms of deploying various marketing strategies, and provide useful venues for future research.
Formation of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Membranes Utilizing Stereocomplex Phenomenon

Sheet1) and hollow fiber membranes with stabilized porous structure were formed from poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by making use of stereocomplex phenomenon, which occures in the mixture solution of isotactic and syndiotactic PMMA, and which is a stoichiometric and thermoreversible sol-gel phase transition phenomenon.2)–5) This report will show the formation processes, permeability characteristics, and medical applications of PMMA membranes.
Incorporating psychological influences in probabilistic cost analysis: Regular Papers

Today's typical probabilistic cost analysis assumes an “ideal” project that is devoid of the human and organizational considerations that heavily influence the success and cost of real-world projects. In the real world “Money Allocated Is Money Spent” (MAIMS principle); cost underruns are rarely available to protect against cost overruns while task overruns are passed on to the total project cost. Realistic cost estimates therefore require a modified probabilistic cost analysis that simultaneously models the cost management strategy including budget allocation. Psychological influences such as overconfidence in assessing uncertainties, dependencies among cost elements, and risk are other important considerations that are generally not addressed. It should then be no surprise that actual project costs often exceed the initial estimates and are delivered late and/or with a reduced scope. This paper presents a practical probabilistic cost analysis model that incorporates recent findings in human behavior and judgment under uncertainty, dependencies among cost elements, the MAIMS principle, and project management practices. Uncertain cost elements are elicited from experts using the direct fractile assessment method and fitted with three-parameter Weibull distributions. The full correlation matrix is specified in terms of two parameters that characterize correlations among cost elements in the same and in different subsystems. The analysis is readily implemented using standard Monte Carlo simulation tools such as cRisk and Crystal Ball®. The analysis of a representative design and engineering project substantiates that today's typical probabilistic cost analysis is likely to severely underestimate project cost for probability of success values of importance to contractors and procuring activities. The proposed approach provides a framework for developing a viable cost management strategy for allocating baseline budgets and contingencies. Given the scope and magnitude of the cost-overrun problem, the benefits are likely to be significant. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 7: 000–000, 2004This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Abstract 53: Ablation of Thrombin Signaling in Platelets but Not in Endothelial Cells Impairs Hemostasis in a Mouse Model of Spontaneous Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Human PAR1 is expressed in endothelial cells as well as in platelets where it facilitates the response to thrombin and platelet activation. Vorapaxar, a PAR1 antagonist, prevents myocardial infarction and stroke in patients with prior MI or peripheral arterial disease at a cost of increased bleeding risk. Par1 is also highly expressed in endothelial cells in mice, and Par1-deficiency is associated with bleeding in the mouse embryo at midgestation. Additionally, known actions of endothelial PAR1 activation suggest pro-hemostatic functions. This raises the question of whether inhibition of PAR1 function in endothelial cells (in addition to PAR1 inhibition in platelets) contributes to the bleeding risk associated with Vorapaxar treatment. Our previous work demonstrated that Par1 deficiency results in loss of thrombin signaling in mouse endothelial cells but not mouse platelets, while Par4 deficiency ablated thrombin-induced platelet activation in mice. Thus, mice allow us to separate loss of thrombin signaling in platelets from loss of thrombin signaling in endothelial cells. Accordingly, we used Apc min/+ mice, which develop intestinal polyposis and spontaneous GI bleeding, as a model to determine whether loss of thrombin signaling in platelets (Par4 KO) or endothelial and other cells (Par1 KO) exacerbates spontaneous bleeding. Hematocrit and other hematologic parameters were measured biweekly from 7 weeks through 15 weeks of age. Hematocrits in mice wild-type for Apc were stable over this period (41.48 ± 0.48 at 7 weeks; 40.48 ± 0.37 at 15 weeks, n=15). Hematocrits in Apc min/+ mice fell approximately linearly from 37.06 ± 0.82 at 7 weeks to 14.39 ± 1.12 at 15 weeks (n=15). Hematocrits in Par1-deficient Apc min/+ mice were indistinguishable from those in Apc min/+ without Par deficiency (14.39 ± 1.12 vs 14.47 ± 1.66 at 15 weeks; n=6-15). By contrast, Par4-deficient Apc min/+ mice were already severely anemic at 7 weeks compared to Apc min/+ mice (19 ± 2.0 vs 39 ± 3.6; p
Implementing Factorial Experiments in Real-World Settings: Lessons Learned While Engineering an Optimized Smoking Cessation Treatment

Treatment development research is challenging. The multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) is a new, efficient method to engineer effective treatment packages. MOST helps researchers understand intervention component effects and how these components can best be combined into an optimized treatment package and then evaluated. However, researchers may be discouraged by the perceived challenges of optimization trials. Our research team has considerable experience implementing optimization trials, including implementing three factorial experiments in primary care clinics simultaneously (N ≈ 1700). This chapter provides evidence for the feasibility of conducting large factorial experiments in real-world settings and shares strategies for successfully carrying out this type of research. We present practical information on implementation considerations, including treatment factor selection, factor integration and implementation, fidelity in implementation, randomization, data collection, considering the participant perspective, and reporting the results.
Criminal Juries in the 21st Century: A Case-Study Introduction to Contemporary Issues

In this introductory chapter to our volume "Criminal Juries in the 21st Century: Contemporary Issues, Psychological Science, and the Law," we provide an overview of the goals of the present volume and a preview of the individual chapters herein. Specifically, we review research on various understudied and cutting-edge topics related to the intersection of psychological research and criminal jury decision making. We place this research in the real-world context by relating it to actual criminal cases that exemplify each topic addressed in the volume. In doing so, we focus on the common themes that are reflected in all of the chapters of the volume: the need to understand how issues such as societal attitudinal shifts, technological advances, and juror experiences affect the structure, function, and performance of the modern criminal jury; the merits of implementing legal innovations and practices informed by empirical research; and important avenues for future empirical exploration.
Gyrotropic Hall effect in Berry-curved materials

We study the ac Hall response induced by passage of dc transport current in two- and three-dimensional metals with gyrotropic point groups---the gyrotropic Hall effect---and consider the phenomenon of current-induced optical activity in noncentrosymmetric metals as a physical application of our theory. While the effect is expected to be present in single crystals of any noncentrosymmetric metal, we expect it to be strongest in enantiomorphic Weyl semimetals. Using the semiclassical kinetic equation approach, we present several mechanisms underlying the gyrotropic Hall effect. Amongst them, the intrinsic mechanism is determined by the Berry curvature dipole, while extrinsic impurity-induced processes are related to skew scattering and side-jump phenomena. In general, the intrinsic and extrinsic contributions can be of similar magnitude. We discuss the gyrotropic Hall effect for all frequencies of practical interest, from the dc transport limit, to optical frequencies. We show that for frequencies that are small compared to relevant band splittings, the trace of the gyrotropic Hall tensor in three-dimensional materials is proportional to a topological, quantized Berry charge, and therefore is robust in gyrotropic Weyl systems. This implies that polycrystals of strongly gyrotropic Weyl semimetals will demonstrate strong current-induced optical activity, whereas the response vanishes for polycrystalline ordinary metals. Therefore the current-induced optical activity can be considered a valuable tool in identifying the topological nature of a material.
Diuretic Resistance in Heart Failure

Purpose of Review Diuretic resistance (DR) occurs along a spectrum of relative severity and contributes to worsening of acute heart failure (AHF) during an inpatient stay. This review gives an overview of mechanisms of DR with a focus on loop diuretics and summarizes the current literature regarding the prognostic value of diuretic efficiency and predictors of natriuretic response in AHF.
Power System Transient Stability Analysis Using High-Order Taylor Expansion Systems

Small signal analysis is a special case of analytical approaches using 1st-order Taylor expansion of power system differential equations. High-order Taylor expansions (TEs) can lead to better analytical approaches for stability analysis by considering higher-order nonlinearities, e.g. normal form, modal series and nonlinear modal decoupling. This paper presents fundamental studies on how accurate transient stability analysis results can be obtained from the high-order TEs compared to that based on the original system. Analytical investigations are conducted on single-machine-infinite-bus power systems. Observations are summarized from there and verified on two multi-machine power systems by extensive simulations.
Why the House Always Wins: A Behavioral Perspective on Investor Trading in the Stock Market

Why do people buy and sell stocks? To make money, of course. However, greed is not the only reason people seek to accumulate and attain wealth. Some people want personal comfort, security, or freedom. It seems simple enough. Then, why do so many people buy high and sell low? Why do some people buy stock, but never open their account statements? Why do some people stay up all night in “after hours” trading obsessing over the same ticker symbol? Greed? Fear? While “greed” and “fear” are common (and often correct) responses to these questions, the answers go beyond these base emotions, and are often much more complicated. This paper explores the motivations and rationales underlying the decisions of individual investors in the stock market. My purpose here is to examine widespread beliefs about trading behavior based on theories of efficient market hypothesis, risk aversion, anticipatory regret, realization, rational choice, and the legal implications involved in these theories. Finally, instead of advocating avoiding investing in its entirety, I will explore strategies to minimize investment risk. My purpose here is not that we should bring an end the use of our capital markets as a valid wealth-creating and wealth-circulating function of our entrepreneurial-oriented economy. However, if investors and securities lawyers understand the biases and flaws inherent in investor decision-making, then the trading activity that causes many of the suits and complaints against brokers, corporations, and institutions can be reduced or eliminated.
Management Approach for Population Health Outcomes and Economic Improvement: Appointing Health Services Early Careerists to Rural Communities for Leadership Development

Securing health services administrators to manage health care organizations in rural areas and small town communities presents unique challenges; however, potential benefits abound for residents in terms of improving population health outcomes from a community-based approach and stimulating the local economy. The influx of community-based approaches to revitalize small towns and rural communities is evident in the literature. Small towns and rural areas lack advanced health care practices, which results in poor health outcomes; economic development as a result of a poorly prepared workforce; and community connection to the vast array of knowledge, activities, and other supports as a result of poor physical and virtual connectivity. An approach that prompts new health management graduates to practice where they have an opportunity to cultivate the residents, the community at large, and themselves is an optimal management method in improving rural areas. This framework places emphasis on students completing a health services administration curriculum training program and beginning their careers in underserved areas to positively impact rural communities by playing a role in revitalizing the local economy and improving population health.
Foucault, Friendship, and Education

This chapter serves as the introduction to our edited volume Michel Foucault and Sexualities and Genders in Education: Friendship as Ascesis. Here we introduce to the reader Foucault’s 1981 interview with the French gay magazine, Le Gai Pied, titled “Friendship as a Way of Life.” The interview serves as a theoretical and political grounding for the chapters across our collection. More specifically, we elaborate on Foucault’s notion of a homosexual ascesis based on experimental friendships and situate his reflections within the context and concerns of critical studies of sexualities and genders in education.
Examining pre-service teachers’ color-blind racial ideology, emotion regulation, and inflexibility with stigmatizing thoughts about race

Abstract In this study, we examined the relationship between 159 predominately White pre-service teachers’ color-blind racial attitudes, emotion regulation, and psychological inflexibility with stigmatizing thoughts about race. Results indicated strong relationships between color-blind racial ideology and psychological inflexibility with stigmatizing thoughts about race. Specifically, emotion regulation difficulties (suppression strategies) served as a mediator between color-blind racial ideology (unawareness of racial privilege) and psychological inflexibility with stigmatizing thoughts about race. In addition, emotion regulation difficulties (lack of emotional clarity) served as a moderator between color-blind racial ideology (blatant racial issues) and psychological inflexibility with stigmatizing thoughts about race. Similarly, emotion regulation difficulties (impulse control difficulties) served as a moderator between color-blind racial ideology (institutional discrimination) and psychological inflexibility with stigmatizing thoughts about race. The study’s overall findings highlight pre-service teachers’ difficulties with regulating their emotions in racial situations as well as how this difficulty in turn influences their ability to change negative thoughts regarding other racial groups. The study has implications for how pre-service teachers regulate racial emotions in the classroom as well as how they may potentially interact with racially diverse students.
Brief Report: Recurrence of Anal High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions Among Women Living With HIV.

Background Women living with HIV (WLHIV) have a high risk of developing invasive anal cancer. Anal cancer may be prevented with early detection and treatment of anal histologic high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). However, there are limited data on the efficacy of anal HSIL treatment in WLHIV. Study design We conducted a retrospective study of WLHIV treated for anal HSIL under high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) guidance from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2017 with at least one post-treatment visit at an urban tertiary care hospital. Results Forty-five WLHIV women with at least 1 follow-up evaluation after treatment for anal HSIL were identified. The median age was 46 years (range 35-66 years), 63% were African American, 27% were Hispanic/Latino, and 53% were current smokers. The mean absolute CD4 T-cell count was 516 cells/mm; 50% and 24% of the cohort had a history of cervical or vulvar HSIL respectively. The cumulative probability of anal HSIL recurrence was 29% at 12 months, 52% at 24 months, and 79% at 36 months post-treatment. Conclusion Most WLHIV treated for anal HSIL recurred within 3 years, suggesting need for continued surveillance after treatment. Our data contribute to the information needed to develop effective anal cancer prevention guidelines in WLHIV.
Maternal supplementation of energy and protein, but not methionine hydroxy analog, enhanced postnatal growth and response to vaccination in Bos indicus-influenced beef offspring

A 2-yr study evaluated the growth and postvaccination immune response of beef calves born from heifers offered no supplementation or pre- and postpartum supplementation of sugarcane molasses + urea with or without methionine hydroxy analog (MHA). On day 0 of each year (57 ± 5 d prepartum), Brangus crossbred beef heifers (n = 36/yr; 20 to 22 mo of age) were stratified by their initial body weight (BW; 396 ± 24.1 kg) and body condition score (BCS; 5.6 ± 0.43) and randomly allocated into 1 of 12 bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) pastures (3 heifers/pasture). Treatments were randomly assigned to pastures (4 pastures/treatment/yr) and consisted of no supplementation (NOSUP) and supplementation of sugarcane molasses + urea (7.2 kg of DM/heifer/wk) with (MOL+) or without (MOL-) fortification with 105 g/heifer/wk of MHA. Treatments were provided from 57 ± 5 d prepartum until 17 ± 5 d postpartum (day 0 to 74). On day 74, all heifer-calf pairs were combined and managed as a single group until the end of the breeding season (day 237). Calves were early weaned at 89 ± 5 d of age (day 147), limit-fed at 3.5% of BW (DM basis) in drylot until day 201, and vaccinated against respiratory disease pathogens on days 160 and 188. Prepartum BCS on day 44 did not differ (P = 0.26) between MOL+ and MOL- heifers but both groups had greater (P < 0.0001) BCS than NOSUP heifers. Plasma concentrations of l-methionine on day 44 were the greatest (P ≤ 0.04) for MOL+ heifers and did not differ (P = 0.40) between NOSUP vs. MOL- heifers. Calf birth BW did not differ (P = 0.13) among treatments. Calf average daily gain (ADG) from birth to day 201 did not differ (P ≥ 0.17) between MOL+ vs. MOL- calves, but both groups had greater (P ≤ 0.05) ADG from birth to day 201 than NOSUP calves. Calf postvaccination plasma concentrations of glucose, cortisol, and haptoglobin did not differ among treatments (P ≥ 0.13). However, plasma concentrations of IGF-1 on day 167 and the overall positive vaccine seroconversion did not differ (P ≥ 0.18) between MOL- and MOL+ calves, but both were greater (P ≤ 0.04) compared with NOSUP calves. Hence, maternal supplementation of sugarcane molasses + urea increased BCS at calving and offspring BW gain and response to vaccination against respiratory pathogens compared with no maternal supplementation. MHA inclusion into maternal supplements effectively increased maternal plasma l-methionine concentrations but did not enhance maternal BCS at calving and offspring growth and postvaccination immune response.
Designing Corporate Leniency Programs

Corporate leniency programs promise putative offenders reduced punishment and fewer regulatory interventions in exchange for the corporation’s credible and authentic commitment to remedy wrongdoing and promptly self-report future violations of law to the requisite authorities. Because these programs have been devised with multiple goals in mind—i.e., deterring wrongdoing and punishing corporate executives, improving corporate cultural norms, and extending the government’s regulatory reach—it is all but impossible to gauge their “success” objectively. We know that corporations invest significant resources in compliance-related activity and that they do so in order to take advantage of the various benefits promised by leniency regimes. We cannot definitively say, however, how valuable this activity has been in reducing either the incidence or severity of harms associated with corporate misconduct. Notwithstanding these blind spots, recent developments in the Department of Justice’s stance towards corporate offenders provides valuable insight on the structural design of a leniency program. Message framing, precision of benefit, and the scope and centralization of the entity that administers a leniency program play important roles in how well the program is received by its intended targets and how long it survives. If the program’s popularity and longevity says something about its success, then these design factors merit closer attention. Using the Department of Justice’s Yates Memo and FCPA Pilot Program as demonstrative examples, this book chapter excavates the framing and design factors that influence a leniency program’s performance. Carrots seemingly work better than sticks; and centralization of authority appears to better facilitate relationships between government enforcers and corporate representatives. But that is not the end of the story. To the outside world, flexible leniency programs can appear clubby, weak and under-effective. The very design elements that generate trust between corporate targets and government enforcers may simultaneously sow credibility problems with the greater public. This conundrum will remain a core issue for policymakers as they continue to implement, shape and tinker with corporate leniency programs.
Intelligent Performance Analysis of Automated Steering Systems for Autonomous Vehicles

Intelligent ground vehicles require automated steering control systems. The complexity of the automated steering systems has increased as the concurrent data receiving, processing, decision-making and monitoring all happen simultaneously in super-fast sampling rates. The research reported in this paper focuses on the neural network training and machine learning approach for an automated steering system. The essential information of the steering controller was trained using artificial neural network (ANN) and pattern recognition algorithm approaches. The objective is to investigate the design of ANN training and deep machine learning on collected data from sensors of steering wheel angular position, speed, steering column torque, and ego vehicle speed and generating acceptable steering commands for the vehicle. The results of the research showed that the proposed network control system had trained and validated more than 96.5% steering system behavior patterns and adapted large random disturbances of the steering controller commands. It is, therefore, necessary to develop artificial intelligence methodologies in automated steering systems of autonomous vehicles with neural network representing the main topology blocks of the control system architecture and utilize ANN abstraction in the control system of autonomous vehicle steering control system.
Proteomic analysis of mitochondrial biogenesis in cardiomyocytes differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells.

Mitochondria play key roles in the differentiation and maturation of human cardiomyocytes (CMs). As human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) hold potential in the trea...
The role of NMDA receptor and neuroligin rare variants in synaptic dysfunction underlying neurodevelopmental disorders

Many genes encoding synaptic proteins are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), intellectual disability (ID), and epilepsy. Here we review recent studies on the synaptic effects of disease-associated rare variants identified in two families of synaptic proteins: NMDA receptors (NMDARs) and the postsynaptic adhesion molecules neuroligins (NLGNs). Many NMDAR subunit genes (GRINs) are highly intolerant to variation, and both gain-of-function (GOF) and loss-of-function (LOF) variants are implicated in disease. NLGN genes are also associated with ASDs, and in some cases, contribute to the male bias identified in these patients. Understanding the molecular basis of synaptic dysfunction of rare variants in these genes will help the design of new therapeutic approaches.
Preservice Teacher Education Programs, Novice Teachers, and Classroom Management Preparation

Classroom management is one of the biggest challenges first-, second, and third-year (referred to as novice) teachers face. Research has shown novice teachers feel unequipped to manage their classrooms due to inadequate preservice training. In this study, 96 novice elementary school teachers from school districts throughout South Carolina completed an online survey that addressed preservice classroom management experiences and teachers’ beliefs about classroom management preparation. It was found that although 80% of participants did receive preservice classroom management training, some of these participants felt unprepared to manage their classrooms. Over 90% of participants agreed that a preservice classroom management course in college is beneficial for future teachers. The results indicate a need for strong preservice courses in classroom management that offer both strategies and classroom experiences, as well as inservice professional development opportunities, to provide educators with the tools necessary to successfully manage their classrooms.