cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Solution of 3D-Laplace and Helmholtz equations in exterior domains using hp-infinite elements

Abstract This work is devoted to a convergence study for infinite element discretizations for Laplace and Helmholtz equations in exterior domains. The proposed approximation applies to separable geometries only, combining an hp FE discretization on the boundary of the domain with a spectral-like representation (resulting from the separation of variables) in the ‘radial’ direction. The presentation includes a convergence proof for the Laplace equation and a stability analysis for the variational formulation of the Helmholtz equation in weighted Sobolev spaces. The theoretical investigations are verified and illustrated with numerical examples for the exterior spherical domain.
Mechanoactive Scaffold Induces Tendon Remodeling and Expression of Fibrocartilage Markers

Biological fixation of soft tissue-based grafts for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction poses a major clinical challenge. The ACL integrates with subchondral bone through a fibrocartilage enthesis, which serves to minimize stress concentrations and enables load transfer between two distinct tissue types. Functional integration thus requires the reestablishment of this fibrocartilage interface on reconstructed ACL grafts. We designed and characterized a novel mechanoactive scaffold based on a composite of poly-α-hydroxyester nanofibers and sintered microspheres; we then used the scaffold to test the hypothesis that scaffold-induced compression of tendon grafts would result in matrix remodeling and the expression of fibrocartilage interface-related markers. Histology coupled with confocal microscopy and biochemical assays were used to evaluate the effects of scaffold-induced compression on tendon matrix collagen distribution, cellularity, proteoglycan content, and gene expression over a 2-week period. Scaffold contraction resulted in over 15% compression of the patellar tendon graft and upregulated the expression of fibrocartilage-related markers such as Type II collagen, aggrecan, and transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3). Additionally, proteoglycan content was higher in the compressed tendon group after 1 day. The data suggest the potential of a mechanoactive scaffold to promote the formation of an anatomic fibrocartilage enthesis on tendon-based ACL reconstruction grafts.
Screw orientation and plate type (variable- vs. fixed-angle) effect strength of fixation for in vitro biomechanical testing of the Synthes CSLP.

Abstract Background context Two common justifications for orienting cervical screws in an angled direction are to increase pullout strength and to allow use of longer screws. This concept is widely taught and has guided implant design. Fixed- versus variable-angle systems may offer strength advantages. Despite these teachings, there is a paucity of supporting biomechanical evidence. The purpose of our study is to test the influence of screw orientation and plate design on the maximum screw pullout force. Purpose This study evaluates the effect of screw orientation and plate type (fixed- vs. variable-angle) on screw pullout strength. Study design Anterior cervical plates of both a fixed- and variable-angle CSLP, were tested for peak pullout strength in a direct plate pullout model using polyurethane foam bone, which models osteoporotic bone. Methods Self-tapping, locking screws (4.0×14 mm and 4.0×16 mm) were used. Screws were oriented in the fixed-angle plate in the standard fashion. In the variable plate, screws were instrumented in three different orientations. Biomechanical testing was performed on an Instron DynaMight 8841 servohydraulic testing machine, measuring maximum pullout force under a displacement-controlled pullout rate of 1 mm/min. Five samples were tested per group. Results When all screws were placed 90° to the plate, there was a significantly increased peak pullout strength (412.8±22.2 N) compared with when all screws were placed 12° “up and in” (376.2±24.3 N, p less than or equal to .03). When the 90° construct was reproduced using 14-mm screws and compared with 16-mm screws oriented 12° “all up and in,” there was still significantly higher pullout strength with the all 90° construct (434.2±28.7 N vs. 376.2±24.3 N, p less than or equal to .009). The fixed-angle plate had a significantly decreased peak pullout strength (288.2±15.7 N) compared with the variable-angle plate (416.6±12.6 N) (p less than .00001) when the screws were placed in the same orientation. Overall, the variable-angle plate, regardless of the orientation of screws, had a significantly greater pullout strength than the fixed-angle plate (p less than .001). Conclusions In this system, a variable-angle plate has greater pullout strength than a fixed-angle plate, regardless of the orientation of screws. With the variable-angle plate, a construct of all screws 12° “up and in” is the weakest configuration. We found that with the 90° construct, both 16- and 14-mm screws performed significantly better than 16-mm convergent screws. These findings are remarkable because they contradict the current doctrine. This may be a function of plate-dependent factors and should not be applied universally to all plate systems. Further study of screw orientation in additional plating systems is warranted.
THE PROBABILITY OF PARALLEL EVOLUTION

How often will natural selection drive parallel evolution at the DNA sequence level? More precisely, what is the probability that selection will cause two populations that live in identical environments to substitute the same beneficial mutation? Here I show that, under fairly general conditions, the answer is simple: if a wild-type sequence can mutate to n different beneficial mutations, replicate populations will on average fix the same mutation with probability P = 2/(n + 1). This probability, which is derived using extreme value theory, is independent of most biological details, including the length of the gene in question and the precise distribution of fitness effects among alleles. I conclude that the probability of parallel evolution under natural selection is nearly twice as large as that under neutrality.
Estate and Gift Tax Must-Reads for 2011

This short column is part of the annual Tax Notes issue that highlights noteworthy law review articles published during the previous year. In this piece, I identify articles relating to estate and gift tax taxation that practitioners likely will find of interest, not withstanding Chief Justice Roberts' view that academics don't publish work that is of "much help to the bar." The articles reviewed (in alphabetical order by author's last name) are: (1) Martin D. Begleiter, "Son of the Trust Code - the Iowa Trust Code after Ten Years;" (2) Frances H. Foster, "Should Pets Inherit?"; (3) Thomas P. Gallanis, "The New Direction of American Trust Law;" (4) Wendy C. Gerzog, "The New Super-Charged PAT (Power of Appointment) Trust;" (5) Victoria J. Haneman, "Changing the Estate Planning Malpractice Landscape: Applying the Constructive Trust to Cure Testamentary Mistake;" (6) Adam J. Hirsch, "Freedom of Testation/Freedom of Contract;" (7) Kristine S. Knaplund, "The New Uniform Probate Code's Surprising Gender Inequities;" (8) Kristine S. Knaplund, "Synthetic Cells, Synthetic Life, and Inheritance;" (9) Carla Spivack, "Let's Get Serious: Spousal Abuse Should Bar Inheritance;" (10) Lee-ford Tritt, "The Limitations of an Economic Agency Cost Theory of Trust Law."
Molecular-docking-guided design, synthesis, and biologic evaluation of radioiodinated quinazolinone prodrugs.

Enzyme-mediated cancer imaging and therapy (EMCIT) is a novel approach in which radioactive water-soluble molecules are precipitated in vivo following their hydrolysis by extracellular enzymes over...
Glancing back, striding ahead. The history of the American Academy of Podiatric Sports Medicine: part 1.

This article provides a succinct but comprehensive review of the history of the American Academy of Podiatric Sports Medicine. Three time periods are described: the pre-academy era, the early years of podiatric sports medicine leading up to the academy’s founding, and the academy’s founding and the 1970s. An appreciation of the academy’s past facilitates understanding of its present state and future direction. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 93(4): 315-320, 2003)
A preclinical murine model for the early detection of radiation-induced brain injury using magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral tests for learning and memory: with applications for the evaluation of possible stem cell imaging agents and therapies

Stem cell therapies are being developed for radiotherapy-induced brain injuries (RIBI). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers advantages for imaging transplanted stem cells. However, most MRI cell-tracking techniques employ superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIOs), which are difficult to distinguish from hemorrhage. In current preclinical RIBI models, hemorrhage occurs concurrently with other injury markers. This makes the evaluation of the recruitment of transplanted SPIO-labeled stem cells to injury sites difficult. Here, we developed a RIBI model, with early injury markers reflective of hippocampal dysfunction, which can be detected noninvasively with MRI and behavioral tests. Lesions were generated by sub-hemispheric irradiation of mouse hippocampi with single X-ray beams of 80 Gy. Lesion formation was monitored with anatomical and contrast-enhanced MRI and changes in memory and learning were assessed with fear-conditioning tests. Early injury markers were detected 2 weeks after irradiation. These included an increase in the permeability of the blood–brain barrier, demonstrated by a 92 ± 20 % contrast enhancement of the irradiated versus the non-irradiated brain hemispheres, within 15 min of the administration of an MRI contrast agent. A change in short-term memory was also detected, as demonstrated by a 40.88 ± 5.03 % decrease in the freezing time measured during the short-term memory context test at this time point, compared to that before irradiation. SPIO-labeled stem cells transplanted contralateral to the lesion migrated toward the lesion at this time point. No hemorrhage was detected up to 10 weeks after irradiation. This model can be used to evaluate SPIO-based stem cell-tracking agents, short-term.
The Internationalization of U.S. Franchise Systems: Progress and Procedures:

During the 1960s, franchising in the United States evolved from a specialized method of distribution to an “industry.” With the domestic market now approaching maturity, franchisors are expanding i...
Spectral Clustering and Visualization: A novel Clustering of Fisher's Iris Data Set

Clustering is the act of partitioning a set of elements into subsets, or clusters, so that elements in the same cluster are, in some sense, similar. Determining an appropriate number of clusters in a particular data set is an important issue in data mining and cluster analysis. Another important issue is visualizing the strength, or connectivity, of clusters. We begin by creating a consensus matrix using multiple runs of the clustering algorithm k-means. This consensus matrix can be interpreted as a graph, which we cluster using two spectral clustering methods: the Fiedler Method and the MinMaxCut Method. To determine if increasing the number of clusters from k to k + 1 is appropriate, we check whether an existing cluster can be split. Finally, we visualize the strength of clusters by using the consensus matrix and the clustering obtained through one of the aforementioned spectral clustering techniques. Using these methods, we then investigate Fisher’s Iris data set. Our methods support the existence of four clusters, instead of the generally accepted three clusters in this data.
PHIL Inverter Test Report: Analysis of High-Penetration Levels of PV into the Distribution Grid in California, March 12 - March 16, 2012

This report describes power hardware-in-the-loop simulation testing of a 500 kW Satcon photovoltaic inverter, conducted at the Center for Advanced Power Systems at Florida State University from March 12th through March 16th, 2012. Testing was led by a team from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The report reviews the results of data captured during the course of testing. The tests were used to demonstrate operation of and gather data from the inverter in a simulated operational environment. Testing demonstrated the ability of the inverter to operate in either a Power Factor Control Mode or a Reactive Power Command Mode, and to respond to real power limits.
Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay Analysis of NF-κB DNA Binding

The discovery and characterization of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) family of transcription factors was predicated on the technical ability to detect protein binding to defined sequences of DNA. Proteins capable of binding to specific sequences of nucleic acid are detected through the use of the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), also called a gel shift assay. While newer techniques, including chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), are widely used to assess NF-κB binding to the promoters and enhancers of specific genes, the EMSA remains a powerful experimental tool to quickly test for the presence of NF-κB that is capable of binding DNA. In this way, the EMSA is a useful general readout of the activation state of the NF-κB pathway and an essential tool for the investigation of this important transcription factor family.
Immigrants’ Acculturation Immigrants’ Psychiatric Problems

Migration is the hallmark of the 20th century. In the name of wanderlust, of economic opportunity, of religious and political freedom of boredom even, more men and women have uprooted themselves and their families in the past fifty years than in the past thousand. And in great numbers they continue to resettle in alien territory, there to confront new tongues, new customs, new cultural values, new ethos, not to mention an alien population that is at best indifferent, or... and this is increasingly more likely ... hostile to new arrivals at the job market-place. Even in the United States of America, historically known as the planet’s melting pot... The Country with a Conscience ... reality for the newcomer has had more to do with opportunity than with hospitality.
Anesthesia for Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery

Limited options to treat hypoxemia during one-lung ventilation (OLV) compared to open thoracotomy. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) interferes with surgical exposure during video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Priority on rapid and complete lung collapse. Possibility of prolonged periods of OLV. Particularly during the learning phase of the surgical team. Decreased postoperative analgesic requirements compared to open thoracotomy. Surgical delay in treating major intraoperative hemorrhage. The option of doing minor VATS procedures with local or regional anesthesia.
Law in the China Model 2.0: Legality, Developmentalism and Leninism under Xi Jinping

AbstractThe Xi Jinping era version of a China model of development continues law’s reform-era roles of generally market-oriented development (under newly challenging conditions), checking development-challenging threats (amid increased concerns over corruption) and reducing pressure for political change (at a time of intolerance toward dissent). The Xi-era version of law appears to be more ‘legalist’ (than its predecessor), still ‘reformist-developmentalist’ and more ‘Leninist’. The Xi-era project for law remains narrowly instrumentalist, uneven across subject matter and region, and beset by both ‘supply-side’ and ‘demand-side’ challenges.
Advocating for Hybrid Intrusion Detection Prevention System and Framework Improvement

Abstract The network systems of the world are fragile, and can come under attack from any source. The attack can be a denial-of-service (DoS) state or another type of threat. What keep the networks safe are the intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS). They constantly monitor network traffic and if a malicious threat is detected, the threat is blocked and reported for further analysis. However, every defensive system must always have some type of weakness. False negatives and false positives are some examples of how IDPS can fail to protect the network. In another instance, a skilled attacker may employ Direct Kernel Object Modification (DKOM) to trick the IDPS into detecting no malicious activities. The IDPS is strong, yet not strong enough. This paper presents a hybrid solution that incorporates both signature and anomaly based systems to detect and prevent more malicious attacks by intensifying what is cataloged to include common anomalies to the baselines used by the signature based systems. We also propose an improvement in the framework to current Host IDPS/Network using signature and anomaly based methodologies by implementing a hybrid VMM-based Honeypot into a theorized self-healing hybrid IDPS to further boost their advantages in efficiency and accuracy.
Kidney Transplantation: Overview

Sixty years ago, end-stage renal disease was uniformly fatal. The development of dialysis and the potential for kidney transplantation transformed this terminal illness into a manageable chronic disease. Dialysis carries with it the complications associated with access, fluid shifts, and electrolyte abnormalities. In contrast, kidney transplantation has developed into a therapeutic option with significantly improved quality of life and patient survival. However, organ availability and chronic immune and non-immune destruction of renal allografts with stagnant long-term outcomes are still active problems. This chapter provides an overview of the field.
A Survey on Smart Grid Cyber-Physical System Testbeds

An increasing interest is emerging on the development of smart grid cyber-physical system testbeds. As new communication and information technologies emerge, innovative cyber-physical system testbeds need to leverage realistic and scalable platforms. Indeed, the interdisciplinary structure of the smart grid concept compels heterogeneous testbeds with different capabilities. There is a significant need to evaluate new concepts and vulnerabilities as opposed to counting on solely simulation studies especially using hardware-in-the-loop test platforms. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey on cyber-physical smart grid testbeds aiming to provide a taxonomy and insightful guidelines for the development as well as to identify the key features and design decisions while developing future smart grid testbeds. First, this survey provides a four step taxonomy based on smart grid domains, research goals, test platforms, and communication infrastructure. Then, we introduce an overview with a detailed discussion and an evaluation on existing testbeds from the literature. Finally, we conclude this paper with a look on future trends and developments in cyber-physical smart grid testbed research.
Quantifying insect-related forest mortality with the remote sensing of snow

Abstract Greenhouse gas emissions have altered global climate significantly, increasing the frequency of drought, fire, and insect- and pathogen-related mortality in forests across the western United States. The accuracy of satellite-based estimates of canopy change has been limited by difficulties associated with discriminating overstory canopy from understory vegetation. To overcome this issue, we developed a method to quantify forest canopy cover using winter-season fractional snow covered area (FSCA) data from NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) snow covered area and grain size (MODSCAG) algorithm. The method utilizes time series of FSCA data to identify images with continuous ground snow coverage and a snow-free overstory, effectively masking out the influence of understory vegetation. Using this method, we determined that MODSCAG-retrieved viewable gap fraction (VGF; i.e. fraction of pixel sub-canopy viewable area) was significantly correlated with an independent product of yearly crown mortality caused by mountain pine beetles derived from Landsat imagery at 25 high-mortality sites in northern Colorado ( r − = 0.96 ± 0.03 , p 0.03 ). Additionally, we determined the temporal lag between tree mortality and needlefall, showing that needlefall occurred an average of 2.6 ± 1.2 years after year of attack. The canopy change detection method described herein is the first to utilize snow cover to mask understory impacts on overstory detection. The method can be applied anywhere in the seasonal snow zone and therefore has wide applicability given that 30% of the global land surface is seasonally snow covered. In this regard, the approach addresses significant limitations of previously published methods of canopy change detection and has broad implications with regard to understanding forest mortality and the representation of disturbance within hydrologic, land surface, and climate models.
The effect of face patch microstimulation on perception of faces and objects

What is the range of stimuli encoded by face-selective regions of the brain? We asked how electrical microstimulation of face patches in macaque inferotemporal cortex affects perception of faces and objects. We found that microstimulation strongly distorted face percepts and that this effect depended on precise targeting to the center of face patches. While microstimulation had no effect on the percept of many non-face objects, it did affect the percept of some, including non-face objects whose shape is consistent with a face (for example, apples) as well as somewhat facelike abstract images (for example, cartoon houses). Microstimulation even perturbed the percept of certain objects that did not activate the stimulated face patch at all. Overall, these results indicate that representation of facial identity is localized to face patches, but activity in these patches can also affect perception of face-compatible non-face objects, including objects normally represented in other parts of inferotemporal cortex.
Women, Crime, and Punishment

The first subsection explores legal statutes on prostitution and related activities in Victorian and Edwardian England, and the working-class origin of most prostitutes. Many considered prostitution immoral; others saw extreme poverty and dismal employment prospects as its causes. Dukore emphasizes W.T. Stead’s expose of child prostitution, which was instrumental in bringing public pressure to bear on Parliament to raise the age of consent for women from thirteen to sixteen. Stead sensationalized the procurement of girls, the sale of virgins, and the transportation of English females to continental brothels. The plays Pygmalion and Mrs Warren’s Profession reflect prostitution. As the second subsection shows, when the poor attend protest rallies, the Government summons the police to stop them, using laws on public order and public safety. Prominent here are rallies for women suffrage in Edwardian England, the Government’s use of police to intimidate suffragists, plays by Elizabeth Robins and Shaw, his non-dramatic writings and speeches, the militant women’s destructiveness (breaking windows, arson, and explosives), hunger strikes by imprisoned women and men, women’s response to World War I, and the effect of this war on women and men’s suffrage.
Premalignant and early carcinomas of the penis and scrotum.

Premalignant penile lesions are a spectrum of diseases ranging from those that are almost always benign to neoplasms that are carcinoma in situ. Balanitis xerotica obliterans is a localized variant of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. The Buschke-Lowenstein tumor is a low-grade malignancy, whereas erythroplasia of Queyrat is a carcinoma in situ. Obtaining the correct diagnosis may challenge even the skilled clinician. It is increasingly likely that papillomaviruses play a role in the development of some cases of penile carcinoma. Scrotal cancer has both historical and current significance as an indicator of occupational health. Occasionally, extramammary Paget's disease presents as a primary scrotal neoplasm.
A Quasi-Autonomous Second-Order Differential Inclusion

We study a two-point boundary value problem and an incomplete Cauchy problem for a certain nonlinear second-order (elliptic) differential inclusion in Banach spaces. We obtain existence, uniqueness and regularity results for both problems, as well as results on the existence of periodic solutions and the asymptotic behavior of solutions to the incomplete Cauchy problem.
Interactive Effects of O3 and CO2: Implications for Terrestrial Ecosystems

The atmosphere supplies plants with CO2 for carbon fixation, producing carbon-containing compounds for structure and function of cells; and O2 to oxidize these carbon compounds, producing cellular energy. Recently, human activities have produced increases in both CO2 and O3, a highly reactive form of O2. Ozone and CO2, generally have “detrimental” and “beneficial” effects on plants, respectively. However, the combined impacts of both gases on vegetation are uncertain despite their co-occurrence. To date, effects of O3 and CO. usually have been defined narrowly in terms of plant shoot responses (leaf biochemistry, physiology, crop yield or tree biomass). However, plants do not exist in a vacuum, but as part of an ecosystem whose condition can be defined by studying basic processes. Thus, the objectives of this review are: (1) to review the literature concerning interactive effects of O3 and CO2 on vegetation; and, (2) to carry out this evaluation in the context of terrestrial ecosystem processes, i.e., carbon and nitrogen cycling.
Spine Surgery, Minimally Invasive

Minimally invasive spine surgery refers to techniques for retracting spinal musculature without removing their tendinous insertion, as is performed in traditional open surgical techniques. These techniques have been used to treat most forms of surgical spinal pathology. The benefits of minimal tissue disruption are decreased muscle atrophy, decreased operative blood loss, shorter hospitalization, and decreased postoperative pain. The long-term results and risks of complications associated with minimally invasive surgery are debated, and many surgeons remain divided on the evidence supporting its efficacy.
Asset pricing implications of efficient risk sharing in an endowment economy

The asset pricing behavior is studied in an overlapping generations model that is dynamically inefficient because of inefficient aggregate risk sharing. The inefficiency is linked with the stochastic distribution of income over agents within a period. The introduction of a clearing house may eliminate the dynamic inefficiency, but depending on how the clearing house operates, households may only have partial insurance against income risk. Hence, the clearing house affects the marginal rate of substitution (MRS) across generations within a period and also the intertemporal marginal rate of substitution faced by a household, which is the stochastic discount factor (SDF) applied to income streams over time. The opportunity to insure against income risk is related to different concepts of Pareto optimality. The implications for asset prices and the market price of risk are derived. In particular, the matrix of contingent claim prices supporting a Pareto optimal allocation must have a dominant root no greater than unity. This is equivalent to restricting the matrix of within-period MRS to have a dominant root no greater than unity. The sequence of powers of the pricing matrix determines the time series properties of the SDF, asset prices and asset returns.
The release of thymine base damage from the DNA of γ-irradiated Tetrahymena pyriformis

The release of ..gamma..-irradiation-induced thymine base damage of the 6-(hydroxy or hydroperoxy)-5,6-dihydrothymine type (t') from the DNA of Tetrahymena pyriformis has been determined during various postirradiation conditions. After 40 krad, t' is released from 30 min to 3 hr. Postirradiation hypoxia inhibits release. The antibiotics actinomycin D and cycloheximide prevent some or all of the t' release if added sufficiently early. The data suggest an actinomycin D-sensitive event necessary for t' release which is completed some 40 min before the completion of a requisite cycloheximide-sensitive event that in turn precedes the actual release of t' by another 40 min. An enzymatic activity which preferentially degrades irradiated DNA and releases t' has been detected in the postmitochondrial supernate from recently irradiated Tetrahymena.
Modeling of Spacecraft-Mounted Robot Dynamics and Control Using Dual Quaternions

Dual quaternions (DQ) provide a compact representation of position and attitude. They have been extensively used in fixed-base robotics due to their numerous computational advantages. This paper aims to develop the dynamic equations of motion of a robotic arm on a free-flying spacecraft using a Newton-Euler approach in a DQ modeling framework. A pose-stabilization maneuver for the end-effector is found via Differential Dynamic Programming (DDP). The results of this simulation are provided.
Membrane expression of thymidine kinase 1 and potential clinical relevance in lung, breast, and colorectal malignancies

Lung, breast, and colorectal malignancies are the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world causing over 2.8 million cancer-related deaths yearly. Despite efforts to improve prevention methods, early detection, and treatments, survival rates for advanced stage lung, breast, and colon cancer remain low, indicating a critical need to identify cancer-specific biomarkers for early detection and treatment. Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is a nucleotide salvage pathway enzyme involved in cellular proliferation and considered an important tumor proliferation biomarker in the serum. In this study, we further characterized TK1’s potential as a tumor biomarker and immunotherapeutic target and clinical relevance. We assessed TK1 surface localization by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy in lung (NCI-H460, A549), breast (MDA-MB-231, MCF7), and colorectal (HT-29, SW620) cancer cell lines. We also isolated cell surface proteins from HT-29 cells and performed a western blot confirming the presence of TK1 on cell membrane protein fractions. To evaluate TK1’s clinical relevance, we compared TK1 expression levels in normal and malignant tissue through flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. We also analyzed RNA-Seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to assess differential expression of the TK1 gene in lung, breast, and colorectal cancer patients. We found significant expression of TK1 on the surface of NCI-H460, A549, MDA-MB-231, MCF7, and HT-29 cell lines and a strong association between TK1’s localization with the membrane through confocal microscopy and Western blot. We found negligible TK1 surface expression in normal healthy tissue and significantly higher TK1 expression in malignant tissues. Patient data from TCGA revealed that the TK1 gene expression is upregulated in cancer patients compared to normal healthy patients. Our results show that TK1 localizes on the surface of lung, breast, and colorectal cell lines and is upregulated in malignant tissues and patients compared to healthy tissues and patients. We conclude that TK1 is a potential clinical biomarker for the treatment of lung, breast, and colorectal cancer.
Characteristics of Medium-Scale F-region Plasma Irregularities at Equatorial and Mid Latitudes, as Observed by COSMIC Radio Occultation Receivers

MATRASCSummaryPaperChrisWatson. Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) radio occultation (RO) measurements are well suited to address the incomplete global observational picture of irregularities, including their structure in the vertical dimension. A climatological database of ionospheric irregularities and their characteristics (e.g. magnitude, scale size, gradient, and associated scintillation) has been developed through detection of total electron content (TEC) perturbations by COSMIC precise orbit determination (POD) antennas and associated receivers of the Global Positioning System (GPS). Vertical scale sizes ranging from ∼2 to 50 km were resolved from 1 Hz TEC measurements. The irregularity database will be developed into a climatological data product available to the scientific community, which will describe the global or regional occurrence and characteristics of irregularities based on user input. This paper highlights results of the initial climatological study at equatorial to mid latitudes, as well as the potential applications of the forthcoming data product. The irregularity climatology provides insight into the source and generation mechanisms of irregularities observed at particular local times and geographical regions.
A Physically Inspired Data-Driven Model for Electricity Theft Detection With Smart Meter Data

Electricity theft is the third largest form of theft in the United States. It not only leads to significant revenue losses, but also creates the risk of fires and fatal electrical shocks. In the past, utilities have fought electricity theft by sending field operation groups to conduct physical inspections of electrical equipment based on suspicious activity reported by the public. However, the recent rapid penetration of advanced metering infrastructure makes it possible to detect electricity theft by analyzing the information gathered from smart meters. In this paper, we develop a physically inspired data driven model to detect electricity theft with smart meter data. The main advantage of the proposed model is that it only leverages the electricity usage and voltage data from smart meters instead of unreliable parameter and topology information of the secondary network. Hence, a speedy and widespread adoption of the proposed model is feasible. We show that a modified linear regression model accurately captures the physical relationship between electricity usage and voltage magnitude on the Kron-reduced distribution secondaries. Our results show that electricity theft on a distribution secondary will lead to negative and positive residuals from the regression for dishonest and honest customers, respectively. The proposed model is validated with real-world smart-meter data. The results show that the model is effective in identifying electricity theft cases.
Femtosecond dynamics of metal-centered and ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (t2g-based) electronic excited states in various solvents: A comprehensive study of IrBr62.

The photophysical properties of intraconfigurational metal-centered (MC) and ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) states were studied in a prototype low spin heavy d5 transition metal complex, IrBr62−. The femtosecond-to-picosecond dynamics of this complex was investigated in solutions of drastically different polarity (acetonitrile, chloroform, and water) by means of ultrafast broadband transient absorption spectroscopy. We observed that the system, when excited into the third excited [second LMCT, 2Uu′(T1u)] state, undergoes distortion from the Franck-Condon geometry along the t2g vibrational mode as a result of the Jahn-Teller effect, followed by rapid internal conversion to populate (90 fs) the second excited [first LMCT, 2Ug′(T1g)] state. Vibrational decoherence and vibrational relaxation (∼400 fs) in 2Ug′(T1g) precede the decay of this state via internal conversion (time constants, 2.8 and 3 ps in CH3CN and CHCl3 and 0.76 ps in water), which can also be viewed as back electron transfer and which leads into the intraconfigurational MC 2Ug′(T2g) state. This is the lowest-excited state, from which the system returns to the ground state. This MC state is metastable in both CH3CN and CHCl3 (lifetime, ∼360 ps), but is quenched via OH-mediated energy transfer in aqueous environments, with the lifetime shortening up to 21 ps in aqueous solutions. The cascade relaxation mechanism is the same upon excitation into the second excited state. Excitation of IrBr62− in chloroform into higher 2Uu′(T2u), 2Eu″(T2u), and 2Eg′(T1g) states is observed to populate the third excited 2Uu′(T1u) state within 100 fs. These experiments allow us to resolve the ultrafast relaxation coordinate and emphasize that the excited-state Jahn-Teller effect is a driving force in the ultrafast dynamics, even for heavy transition metal complexes with very significant spin-orbit interactions.
Turning Around to Look Ahead: Views of Vocational Psychology in 2001 and 2019:

Ten scholars in vocational psychology identified strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in a 2001 issue of the Journal of Vocational Behavior. This article reviews the state of the field...
Comparison of the Fisher Anatomical Subunit and Modified Millard Rotation-Advancement Cleft Lip Repairs.

Background When analyzing cleft lip repair techniques, the modified rotation-advancement repair is most widely used; however, the anatomical subunit approach is gaining popularity. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of these two surgical techniques performed by the same surgeon. Methods Anthropometric measurements were performed on postoperative photographs of cleft lip repairs performed by a single surgeon. As described by Rossell-Perry, four parameters were measured: lip height, lip width, vermilion height, and alar base width. An aesthetic ratio of cleft to noncleft sides for each measurement was used as a quantitative measure of outcome. Qualitative analysis of cleft lip repair was evaluated using the Steffensen criteria. Results TWELVE: modified rotation-advancement repairs and 10 anatomical subunit repairs were analyzed. A one-sample t test was used to assess the difference of each aesthetic ratio from the perfect ratio of 1.00. For repairs involving an incomplete cleft lip, statistically significant asymmetry was detected in vermilion height for the rotation-advancement repair and no measurements in the anatomical subunit approach. For repairs involving a complete cleft lip, statistically significant asymmetry was detected in lip height, vermilion height, and alar base for the rotation-advancement repair and in lip height for the anatomical subunit approach. Conclusions THE AUTHORS': findings show that when separating the complete and incomplete cleft lips, the rotation-advancement technique seemed to have asymmetry in more parameters than the anatomical subunit approach. This seems to suggest that the outcomes of the anatomical subunit technique are less dependent on cleft lip severity. Clinical question/level of evidence Therapeutic, III.
Label-free neurophotonics: electro-plasmonic biosensors for ultrasensitive detection of electrogenic activity of cells (Conference Presentation)

Harnessing the unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution capability of light to detect electrophysiological signals has been the goal of scientists for nearly 50 years. Advancements in this field could open new frontiers in neuroscience, cardiology and cellular biology. Yet, progress towards that goal remains elusive due to lack of electro-optic translators that can efficiently convert electrical activity to high photon-count optical signals. Here, we introduce an ultrasensitive and extremely bright nanoscale electric-field probe. Our electro-active plasmonic nanoantenna, offering ~3.25x10^3 times enhanced electric-field sensitivities than conventional plasmonic nanoantennas, overcomes the low sensitivity and photon-count limitations, and enables us to realize optical detection of electric-field dynamics with signal-to-shot-noise ratios (SSNR~ 60-220) from diffraction limited spots. We demonstrate label-free optical recording of field dynamics with sub-millisecond temporal resolution.
Chapter 3 – Tuning a Control System

Publisher Summary This chapter describes tuning as the process of setting controller gains to achieve desired performance of control systems in plants. Most plants are inherently unpredictable because the control variable is the integral of the applied signal. In a closed-loop system, the controller will first attempt to command the control variable through its derivative and then measure the result and adjust out the error. The loop allows tight control of a variable, although only the derivative can be manipulated. Incorrect wiring is not the only way to produce a sign change in the loop. It can also be produced by accumulating a sufficient amount of phase lag around the loop. Unlike that caused by reversing feedback wiring, instability that results from the accumulation of phase lag usually occurs at just one frequency. The control law is proportional-integral (PI). This controller is one of the most popular in industry. The proportional gain provides stability and high-frequency response. Like the power converter, the feedback is modeled as a low-pass filter. Filtering effects in feedback devices are common.
Test-Retest Reliability of the Dizziness Symptom Profile

Objectives This investigation was conducted to measure the test-retest reliability of the Dizziness Symptom Profile (DSP). The DSP was developed to assist primary care providers, general otolaryngologists, and other health care providers in the development of a differential diagnosis for patients who present with dizziness, vertigo, or unsteadiness. The DSP yields a score ranging from 0 to 100% for each of 7 subscales. Each subscale represents a different diagnosis including benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Meniere's disease, persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD), superior semi-circular canal dehiscence, vestibular migraine, vestibular neuritis, and general unsteadiness. Design Subjects were 150 adult patients (mean age 56.79 years, SD 15.69 years) referred to the Balance Disorders Clinic at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Subjects completed two administrations of the DSP. The mean interval between test administrations was 1.58 days (SD 1.78 days). The response modes for the DSP were both a 0 to 100 mm visual analog scale (scored 0 mm = "strongly disagree" to 100 mm = "strongly agree") and, by extrapolation, the original 5-point Likert scale where the anchors were "strongly disagree" (scored 0 points) and "strongly agree" (scored 4 points). Results Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to assess test-retest reliability for individual DSP items, and ranged from r = 0.67 to 0.91 (mean 0.80; p 0.7) with the exception of PPPD which approached 0.7. Intraclass correlation coefficient estimates and their 95% confidence intervals were also calculated to assess the relative reliability of the subscales. All 7 subscales showed moderate to strong test-retest reliability, with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.85 to 0.94. Minimal detectable change (MDC) scores were calculated to assess absolute variability/measurement error for the seven subscale scores (which range from 0 to 100%). MDC values ranged from 16% (PPPD) to 25% (unsteadiness). Conclusions (1) The test-retest reliability of the DSP is moderate to strong. (2) MDC values for each subscale were determined. (3) The DSP coupled with the Dizziness Handicap Inventory enables the clinician to evaluate the constructs of dizziness impairment, and disability/handicap. (4) The DSP may help provide a window to the natural history of dizziness disease(s). (5) The DSP provides a less biased assessment of the symptoms reported by the patient.
Oxidative regulation of the mechanical strength of a C-S bond.

The mechanical strength of individual polymer chains is believed to underlie a number of performance metrics in bulk materials, including adhesion and fracture toughness. Methods by which the intrinsic molecular strength of the constituents of a given polymeric material might be switched are therefore potentially useful both for applications in which triggered property changes are desirable, and as tests of molecular theories for bulk behaviors. Here we report that the sequential oxidation of sulfide containing polyesters (PE-S) to the corresponding sulfoxide (PE-SO) and then sulfone (PE-SO2) first weakens (sulfoxide), and then enhances (sulfone), the effective mechanical integrity of the polymer backbone; PE-S ∼ PE-SO2 > PE-SO. The relative mechanical strength as a function of oxidation state is revealed through the use of gem-dichlorocyclopropane nonscissile mechanophores as an internal standard, and the observed order agrees well with the reported bond dissociation energies of C–S bonds in each species and with the results of CoGEF modeling.
Mask Up: Exploring Cross-Cultural Influences on Mask-Making Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic

At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, people from around the world made numerous homemade masks for themselves and their community due to shortage of medical masks as well as to stop the sprea...
Deadhead Minimization with a Flexible Facility Locator Tool

As transit agencies expand, they may outgrow their existing bus storage and service facilities. When selecting a site for an additional facility, an important consideration is the change in bus dea...
Oceanic passage of hurricanes across Cay Sal Bank in The Bahamas over the last 530 years

Abstract Islands across the Bahamian Archipelago have been devastated by five major hurricanes from 2010 to 2020 CE, including Category 5 Hurricane Dorian in 2019 that inundated parts of Abaco and Grand Bahama with up to 4 m of surge, killing 84 people and leaving >245 others missing. Up to 1 m relative sea-level rise is estimated for The Bahamas by 2100 CE, which could enhance flooding from weaker storms (
Neutrino-Matter Interaction Rates in Supernovae

Neutrino-matter interaction rates are central to the core collapse phenomenon and, perhaps, to the viability of the mechanism of core-collapse supernova explosions. In this paper we catalog and discuss the major neutrino scattering, absorption, and production processes that together influence the outcome of core collapse and the cooling of protoneutron stars. These are the essential inputs into the codes used to simulate the supernova phenomenon and an understanding of these processes is a prerequisite to continuing progress in supernova theory.
Evelyn Underhill and the Virgin Mary

Evelyn Underhill (1875–1941) was a guiding light in Anglican spirituality in the twentieth century, and her best-known works, Mysticism (1911) and Worship (1936) are still read and studied today. A...
Very-high-level programming of knowledge representation schemes

This paper proposes building knowledge-based systems using a programming system based on a very-high-level language. It gives an overview of such a programming system, BC, and shows how BC can be used to implement knowledge representation features, providing as examples, automatic maintenance of inverse links and property inheritance. The specification language of BC can be extended to include a knowledge representation language by describing its knowledge representation features. This permits a knowledge-based program and its knowledge base to be written in the same very-high-level language which allows the knowledge to be more efficiently incorporated into the program as well as making the system as a whole easier to understand and extend.
Wärmeübergang an Gase in Füllkörper‐ und Kontaktrohren

Die den Warmeubergang in Fullkorper- und Kontaktrohren bestimmenden EinflusGrosen wurden gesichtet, wobei eine Korrelation der bisher bekannten Versuchsergebnisse moglich wird. Die auf den Rohrdurchmesser bezogenen Reynolds-Zahlen Re 10 000 kennzeichnen drei Stromungsbereiche, in denen der Einflus der Rohrlange auf den Warmeubergang verschieden gros ist. Ein optimaler Warmeubergang liegt fur alle Stromungsbereiche dann vor, wenn der Durchmesser des Fullmaterials 1/8 des Rohrdurchmessers betragt1 .