cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hearing loss in the laminin-deficient dy mouse model of congenital muscular dystrophy.

Abstract Sensorineural hearing loss is found in many inherited forms of muscular dystrophy. We investigated the dy mouse model, which has congenital muscular dystrophy due to a defect in laminin α2, for evidence of cochlear dysfunction. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) audiometry to pure tones was used to evaluate 3-month-old homozygous dy / dy and age-matched C57 control mice. The average ABR thresholds to tone-burst stimuli for four frequencies (4, 8, 16, and 32kHz) were determined and statistically compared by ANOVA. The dy / dy mice demonstrated elevated auditory thresholds ranging from 25 to 27dB at each frequency tested ( p dy congenital muscular dystrophy mouse offers a novel model for evaluation of sensorineural hearing loss associated with muscular dystrophy.
1,2,3,4‐Tetraphenylnaphthalene

1,2,3,4-Tetraphenylnaphthalene intermediate: Diphenyliodonium-2-carboxylate intermediate: diphenyliodonium-2-carboxylate monohydrate solvent: 60 ml. of diethylbenzene byproduct: iodobenzene solvent: trimethylene glycol dimethyl ether solvent: o-Dichlorobenzene solvent: Diethyl oxalate solvent: N,N-dimethylacetamide product: 1,2,3,4-Tetraphenylnaphthalene Keywords: annulation, carbocyclic-[6]; arylation; cyclization, cycloaddition; decarboxylation; diphenyliodonium-2-carboxylate, preparation of
Coxsackievirus B RNA Replication: Lessons from Poliovirus

The replication of coxsackievirus RNA occurs with rapid onset, starting approximately 2.5 h after infection. The mechanisms entailing the RNA replication of enteroviruses, like coxsackievirus and poliovirus, are highly conserved. These processes require two steps of RNA amplification: (i) complete synthesis of the negative-strand RNA using input RNA as the template and (ii) synthesis of the positive-strand RNA using the intermediate negative-strand RNA as the template. Successful enterovirus RNA replication requires all of the viral nonstructural proteins in their mature and precursor forms, as well as RNA secondary structures in the template. The encoded nonstructural proteins are responsible for RNA replication through multiple protein-protein interactions between viral and/or host proteins to mediate RNA synthesis, induce membranous vesicles, and deliver the replication complex to the template. The RNA secondary structures at the 5' and 3' termini of the template position the RNA replication complex at the initiation site(s) for both negative- and positive-strand RNA synthesis, thus providing binding sites for viral and host proteins that may functionally circularize the genome during RNA synthesis. Although considerable knowledge has been gained regarding the mechanism of enterovirus RNA synthesis, the complete steps in RNA replication have not been fully determined. The aim of this review is to summarize the current state of our knowledge and to present a model that encompasses the identified steps of enterovirus RNA replication.
Why is the platelet count low: should I be concerned about heparin-induced thrombocytopenia?

There is an array of conditions, both inherited and acquired, which may be responsible for thrombocytopenia in the pediatric population. The conditions leading to thrombocytopenia may vary from relatively benign with the only risk being bleeding from defective coagulation to life-threatening conditions such as sepsis and multisystem organ failure that result not only in thrombocytopenia but severe end-organ dysfunction. Of the
The Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) in Northern Texas, with Comments on Its Northern Biogeography

ABSTRACT. A road-killed specimen of a large male ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) was salvaged on March 2010 from Palo Pinto County in north central Texas. Our review of the northern biogeography of the species indicates that the specimen is not out of historical context. The possibility that the animal represents a broader range of sparsely distributed individuals within the elusive cat's known historical range deserves consideration.
DISPERSAL ADAPTATIONS OF IMMATURE STAGES OF THREE SPECIES OF LEAFHOPPER (HEMIPTERA: AUCHENORRYNCHA: CICADELLIDAE)

Abstract Xylem-feeding leafhoppers have evolved several behavioral and physiological adaptations to utilize xylem fluid of variable composition, including polyphagy and high assimilation efficiency. They also display high vagility coupled with excellent visual acuity. We investigated the spectral frequency responses of the nymphal stages of three leafhopper species: Homalodisca coagulata, H. insolita, and Oncometopia nigricans. Under laboratory conditions, the nymphs of H. coagulata and O. nigricans discriminated spectra and were highly attracted to hues of yellow, with safety yellow being the most attractive. The nymphs of H. insolita were also attracted to yellow hues, but were more attracted to cream yellow. In the laboratory, maximum jumping distances of third instar H. coagulata, H. insolita, and O. nigricans were 68.0, 49.7, and 39.2 cm respectively, when provided a target. The fifth instars of H. coagulata, H. insolita, and O. nigricans had maximum jumping distances of 78.8, 29.2, and 45.5 cm, resp...
American Constitutional History and the New Legal History: Complementary Themes in Two Modes

The approaching bicentennial of the Constitution promises to stimulate interest in scholarship on the history of American law. This prospect coincides with what many practitioners of constitutional history consider to be a genuine crisis in their field-a crisis that recently inspired the program committee of a major scholarly organization to feature the theme "Is Constitutional History Dead?" in preparing its annual meeting.' The essence of the field's problem, as many contend, is that scholarly interest in the traditional core of constitutional history-the doctrines and behavior of courts-has been overshadowed during the last two decades by a distinctly different mode of investigation, one that is often termed the "new legal history." My contention is that, while some troubles do beset the field of constitutional history, there is little reason to proclaim or even seriously debate the "death" of that field. The new legal history, taking the whole legal system as its province and stressing the interactions of change in law with socioeconomic developments, offers perspectives on American history in many vital respects different from the perspectives of constitutional history; yet the two approaches are necessarily complementary both in their logical structures and in their evidentiary bases. Only by integrating their concerns can the full context and significance of change in American legal history be understood. Harry N. Scheiber is professor of law at the University of California, Berkeley. He acknowledges with thanks research support provided by a humanities fellowship of the Rockefeller Foundation. 'This pessimistic session title was adopted by the American Society for Legal History program committee in the planning for the fall 1980 annual meeting. When the final program was prepared, however, the more cautious title "The Crisis in American Constitutional History and Public Law" was adopted. No creation of a straw man was intended; the validity of each title was seriously debated. As to rising interest in constitutional history vis-A-vis the bicentennial: Project '87 has pursued a program of research fellowships and public and scholarly conferences; an encyclopedia of the Constitution, funded by National Endowment for the Humanities, has been announced under the editorship of Leonard W. Levy and Kenneth Karst; and the American Historical Associa
Abstract 423: Decipher the molecular mechanisms by which syndecan-1 in breast cancer stroma fibroblasts regulates extracellular matrix fiber organization and carcinoma cell motility

The cell surface proteoglycan syndecan-1 (Sdc1) is frequently induced in the stromal fibroblasts of invasive breast carcinomas. We have recently identified a striking correlation between stromal Sdc1 expression and extracellular matrix (ECM) fiber architecture, both In vivo (in human breast carcinoma samples) and in vitro. Bioactive, cell-free 3D ECMs generated from cultures of Sdc1-positive human mammary fibroblasts (HMF), termed ECM-Sdc1, showed an organized, aligned fiber architecture, which contrasted markedly with the random fiber arrangement seen in the ECM of Sdc1-negative HMFs (ECM-mock). We further demonstrated that aligned ECM fiber architecture was responsible for the enhanced directional migration and invasion of the breast carcinoma cells when seeded into the fibroblast-free ECM-Sdc1. To decipher the molecular mechanisms responsible for the formation of an invasion-permissive ECM, a series of Sdc1 mutants was introduced into HMF. These include a heparan sulfate (HS) -deficient, a cytoplasmic domain (CD) deletion and a transmembrane domain (TMD) substitution mutant. Early experiments suggest that HS are required for the activity of Sdc1 in regulating ECM alignment, while TDM is dispensable. Integrins play a key role in the assembly of the provisional fibronectin-rich ECM and Sdc1 has been shown to be an important regulator of integrin activity. Therefore, we have begun to investigate the the role of integrins in Sdc1-mediated ECM fiber alignment. HMF expresses various integrins, as determined by Western blotting and flow cytometry. Using siRNA oligos, we are targeting different integrin subunits including α4, α5, αV and β3 to determine, which integrins are responsible for Sdc1-dependent ECM fiber alignment and consequently the invasion-permissive properties of the ECM. A better understanding of the mechanisms governing ECM organization may lead to the development of novel stroma-targeted therapy for breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 423. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-423
Does growth require preformed carbohydrate in the diet

Carbohydrates are ordinarily regarded as indispensable components of the food intake. This belief is based on the presence of more or less carbohydrate in the food mixtures consumed by man and the higher animals, and the fact that sugar is a constant constituent of the blood. Furthermore, it has been concluded that carbohydrates are essential for the proper metabolism of the fats because ketone substances may be excreted in diabetes when sugar fails to be burned up in the normal manner in the organism.We have found that rats receiving a diet in which the amount of digestible carbohydrate was at most exceedingly small can grow from an early age to adult size. The rations which we fed included protein—casein, edestin, or lean beef which had been thoroughly extracted with boiling water—inorganic salts, agar-agar, lard, butter fat and 0.4 gm. daily of dried brewery yeast furnishing vitamin B. The yeast can scarcely be regarded as a significant source of available carbohydrate. Success was likewise attained in...
Unusual Peripheral Neuropathies. Part II: Intrinsic Reactive Causes

Peripheral neuropathy is common with many different etiologies. This is the second of three articles to review the less-common causes of peripheral neuropathy. Part II reviews the intrinsic "reactive" causes of peripheral neuropathy, including those related to connective tissue, vasculitis, sarcoid, organ failure, and inflammatory bowel disease. The extrinsic causes of neuropathy and the induced or inherited causes of neuropathy are covered in separate articles in this issue of SEMINARS IN NEUROLOGY, Part I and Part III, respectively. The brief series of reviews of causes of neuropathy describe common presentations and constellation of clinical findings. The goal is to help the practicing clinician increase the diagnostic yield when sorting out the unusual causes of peripheral neuropathy.
Purification of Oils and Fats by Ion-Exchange Resins. IX.

The ultra-violet absorption spectra of n-hexane solutions of some oils deacidified by means of the usual anion exchange resin (Amberlite IRA-401-OH type) and the substances absorbed by it were investigated. The remarkable deviation of the spectra of the deacidified rice bran oil from the crude oil was observed while little deviation of them was found in the case of soybean oil. From the spectra of the same solution of the absorbed substances, the existence of the considerable amount of oryzanol which had already been found by Tsuchiya, was confirmed and unknown component having the absorption at 280mμ was assumed in the rice bran oil. In the soybean oil some components which have maxima of the absorption spectra near 260, 269, 280, 300 and 315mμ respectively were also assumed.
Multiscale Simulations Provide Mechanistic Insights into the Effects of Sequence Contexts on Early-Stage Polyglutamine-Mediated Aggregation

Huntington's disease is associated with an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in huntingtin. The relevant aggregation prone toxic species encompasses an N-terminal 17-residue amphipathic stretch (N17), the polyQ tract, and a C-terminal 38-residue proline-rich stretch (C38). Experiments have shown that C38 decreases the overall driving force to form aggregates, whereas N17 decreases the overall solubility and accelerates fibril formation by destabilizing non-fibrillar species. We present results from multiscale simulations to explain how N17 and C38 accomplish their distinct modulatory behaviors. Our inverse Boltzmann procedure yields a systematic coarse-graining method whereby we bootstrap against atomistic simulations of monomers and reversible associations for pairs of molecules. We demonstrate that the species distributions and kinetics of forming early-stage aggregates are governed by the relative favorability of intermolecular interactions between flanking sequence regions and the polyQ tract. Specifically, the two flanking sequences reduce the favorable polyQ interaction surface and hence reduce the frequency of intermolecular interactions between and entanglements of the polyQ tract, thus slowing aggregation kinetics regardless of the molecular architecture at the monomer level. The latter affects the morphologies and number of aggregates that form during early aggregation events. Overall, we show that N17 and C38 diminish the formation of large, polydisperse early-stage aggregates that are intrinsic to polyQ. Our results also show how polyQ expansions can override the effects of flanking sequences. Taken together with cellular data, we propose that flanking sequences help diminish the formation of toxic species and this functionality is overwhelmed by mutational expansion of polyQ tracts. We use the conceptual framework of Janus colloids to propose a connection between our results and other aggregation prone systems because they can be partitioned into cores that drive aggregation and contexts that control the aggregation process.
IDENTIFYING THE LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT EFFECTS OF MILLION DOLLAR FACILITIES

Presented on February 22, 2013 from 12:35 pm-2:00 pm in the Architecture East Building, room 217 on the Georgia Tech campus.
Using high-resolution satellite precipitation for flood frequency analysis: case study over the Connecticut River Basin

This study evaluates the feasibility of using satellite precipitation datasets in flood frequency analysis based on the accuracy of different return period flows derived using a hydrological model driven with satellite and ground-based reference rainfall fields over the Connecticut River Basin. Four quasi-global satellite products (TRMM-3B42V7, TRMM-3B42RT, CMORPH, and PERSIANN) at 3-h/0.25° resolution and the National Weather Service (Stage IV) gauge-adjusted radar rainfall dataset (representing the reference rainfall) are integrated in this study, with the Coupled Routing and Excess Storage distributed hydrological model to simulate annual peak flows during warm season (May–November) months. The log-Pearson type III frequency distribution applied to an 11-year record of annual peak flow data is used to derive different return period flows. Evaluation against the Stage IV-driven simulations shows that the TRMM-3B42V7 product has the highest correlation and lowest bias in terms of the derived annual maxima flows compared to the other satellite products. In terms of the different return period flood frequency curves, the various satellite product-based results well-represent the variability across the different basins depicted in the reference precipitation-driven simulations. With the increasing record length of high-resolution satellite products, results from this paper can motivate future studies over basins lacking adequate ground-based records to support flood frequency analyses.
Comparative Negligence with Joint & Several Liability: The Best of Both Worlds

Maryland is one of the few remaining states that still evaluates accidents using the contributory negligence approach. There is a movement within the state to change to the comparative negligence approach, but so far this reform effort has not succeeded. This short piece analyzes the issues involved and concludes that Maryland should enact legislation that would change its contributory negligence regime to one of comparative negligence. Among the reasons this piece gives are optimal compensation of victims, optimal deterrence of accidents, enhanced respect for the rule of law in the minds of the citizenry, and fairness. The article briefly provides an analysis of each of these issues and also contains citations to the relevant literature.
Exploring military social work from a social justice perspective

Calls to enhance military social work content in social work education present unique challenges for a discipline historically associated with social justice and advocacy for peace. The consequences of war demand intervention along multiple psychosocial domains. However, the question remains as to how social workers can address the discrepancies between social work values and military culture. This article argues that the context-bound nature of social work highlights the reciprocal relationship between macro and micro factors intrinsic to military issues. This provides a holistic understanding of the military system and can enhance educational content on military issues to include international perspectives.
Overproduction of metalloproteinases by v-mos-transformed rat kidney (6m2) cells.

Using monoclonal antibodies, we previously detected two forms of transformation-associated proteins (TAPs), P64 and P68, in the rat kidney (6m2) cells transformed by the temperature-sensitive 110-murine sarcoma virus-Moloney-mutant TAPs were secreted as glycoproteins by 6m2 cells grown at 33 o C, but not by 6m2 cells grown at 39 o C. The identity and functions of TAPs were previously unknown. By molecular cloning techniques and immunoscreening, we have isolated two different cDNA clones (34A and 79B3) that were found by Western blot analysis to code for an anti-TAP monoclonal antibody-reactive polypeptide of approximately 58,000 daltons
Nervus Intermedius Symptoms following Surgical or Radiation Therapy for Vestibular Schwannoma.

ObjectivesThis study compares the functional outcomes of nevus intermedius impairment following surgery, radiation, or observation for the treatment of vestibular schwannoma.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingsTertiary care medical center.Subjects and MethodsWe retrospectively examined 141 charts of patients with a vestibular schwannoma seen in the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Acoustic Neuroma Clinic between 2012 and 2014. Seventy-one patients underwent intervention (including radiation) as their primary treatment, and 70 were treated with observation. As part of routine care, patients were interviewed at clinic visits and with a questionnaire assessing nervus intermedius impairment.ResultsAt presentation, 25 patients (19%) reported nervus intermedius impairment. Most common disturbances were xerophthalmia (dry eyes, 13%) and dysgeusia (taste alteration, 7.6%). Postintervention, 35 patients (53%) had ≥1 symptoms of nervus intermedius dysfunction, which is increased in comparison with patients in the obs...
Tissue Sculpting by Fibrils

In this issue of Developmental Cell, Isabella and Horne-Badovinac (2016) show that Rab10 directs site-specific secretion of basement membrane components, which assemble into fibrils that spool out to elongate the Drosophila egg chamber. These findings establish the basement membrane's active role in tissue sculpting.
Organizations as Sites and Drivers of Social Action

This chapter advances a recursive view of organizations as both sites of important social outcomes, such as inequality, persistence, change, as well as embeddedness, and drivers of them. Society and people configure organizations, and organizations shape and reproduce society and the lives of people. We illuminate the mechanisms through which these relations co-evolve, highlighting four bundles of social processes that operate inside and outside organizations: (1) discrimination and formalization, (2) institutionalization and imprinting, (3) socializing and mobilization, and (4) learning and access. We contend that organizational theory offers insights to many sociological subfields, and we encourage scholars across the discipline to re-engage with organizational analysis.
Rapid, Dynamic Activation of Müller Glial Stem Cell Responses in Zebrafish

Purpose Zebrafish neurons regenerate from Muller glia following retinal lesions. Genes and signaling pathways important for retinal regeneration in zebrafish have been described, but our understanding of how Muller glial stem cell properties are regulated is incomplete. Mammalian Muller glia possess a latent neurogenic capacity that might be enhanced in regenerative therapies to treat degenerative retinal diseases. Methods To identify transcriptional changes associated with stem cell properties in zebrafish Muller glia, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis from isolated cells at 8 and 16 hours following an acute photic lesion, prior to the asymmetric division that produces retinal progenitors. Results We report a rapid, dynamic response of zebrafish Muller glia, characterized by activation of pathways related to stress, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling, cytokine signaling, immunity, prostaglandin metabolism, circadian rhythm, and pluripotency, and an initial repression of Wnt signaling. When we compared publicly available transcriptomes of isolated mouse Muller glia from two retinal degeneration models, we found that mouse Muller glia showed evidence of oxidative stress, variable responses associated with immune regulation, and repression of pathways associated with pluripotency, development, and proliferation. Conclusions Categories of biological processes/pathways activated following photoreceptor loss in regeneration-competent zebrafish Muller glia, which distinguished them from mouse Muller glia in retinal degeneration models, included cytokine signaling (notably NF-κB), prostaglandin E2 synthesis, expression of core clock genes, and pathways/metabolic states associated with pluripotency. These regulatory mechanisms are relatively unexplored as potential mediators of stem cell properties likely to be important in Muller glial cells for successful retinal regeneration.
Operational experience of the ATLAS high level trigger with single-beam and cosmic rays

ATLAS is one of two general-purpose detectors at the LHC. Using fast reconstruction algorithms, the trigger system needs to efficiently reject a large rate of background events while keeping potentially interesting ones with high efficiency. The LHC start up and single-beam run periods in 2008 provided a ”stress test” of the trigger system. Following this period, ATLAS continued to collect cosmic-ray events for detector alignment and calibration as well as for commissioning the trigger. These running periods allowed us to exercise the trigger system online, including its configuration and monitoring infrastructure, as well as reconstruction and selection algorithms. Several tracking, muon-finding, and calorimetry algorithms were commissioned under different running conditions. Frequent changes of the trigger configuration were required to cope with the parallel commissioning of the ATLAS sub-detectors. The experience gained while running the trigger system online was very valuable to design and implement an optimal strategy for the collision data taking period of 2009. This paper focuses on the operational experience gained in running the trigger in the fast-changing environment of the detector commissioning with cosmic rays and single beam runs.
Identification of differentially expressed miRNAs in alopecia areata that target immune-regulatory pathways.

Identification of differentially expressed miRNAs in alopecia areata that target immune-regulatory pathways
Metabolic derangements mediate cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: role of peripheral insulin resistance diseases

Herein, we review evidence that systemic insulin-resistance diseases linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis promote neurodegeneration. Insulin-resistance dysregulates lipid metabolism, which promotes ceramide accumulation with attendant inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Mechanistically, we propose that toxic ceramides generated in extra-CNS tissues, e.g. liver, get released into peripheral blood, and subsequently transit across the blood-brain barrier into the brain where they induce brain insulin-resistance, inflammation, and cell death (extrinsic pathway). These abnormalities establish or help propagate a cascade of neurodegeneration associated with increased ER stress and ceramide generation, which exacerbate brain insulin-resistance, cell death, myelin degeneration, and neuro-inflammation. The data suggest that a mal-signaling network mediated by toxic ceramides, ER stress, and insulin-resistance should be targeted to disrupt positive feedback loops that drive the AD neurodegeneration cascade.
“Children Are Human Beings”: A Reflection and Call for Action

In his 1944 article, “Children Are Human Beings” (reprinted on pp. 242-245) James H. S. Bossard thoughtfully considered the evolving conceptualizations of the image of the child and the construct o...
Rapid conformational fluctuations in a model of methylcellulose

Methylcellulose is a thermoresponsive polymer that undergoes a morphological transition at elevated temperature, forming uniform diameter fibrils. However, the gelation mechanism is still unclear, in particular, at higher polymer concentrations. We use Langevin dynamics simulations to investigate a coarse-grained model for methylcellulose that produces collapsed ringlike structures in dilute solution with a radius close to the fibrils observed in experiments. We show that the competition between the dihedral potential and self-attraction causes these collapsed states to undergo a rapid conformational change, which helps the chain to avoid kinetic traps by permitting a transition between collapsed states. If the dihedral potential is removed, the chains do not escape from their collapsed configuration, whereas at high dihedral potentials, the chains cannot stabilize the collapsed state. We provide systematic data on the effect of the dihedral potential in a model of methylcellulose, and discuss the implication of these previously overlooked rapid conformational fluctuations on the spontaneous formation of high-aspect-ratio fibrils.
Evolution of Public Health Emergency Management From Preparedness to Response and Recovery: Introduction and Contents of the Volume.

An introduction is presented in which the authors discuss various reports within the issue on topics including public health and emergency preparedness programs in the wake of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in America, biosurveillance, and disaster-related community resilience.
Interactive Effects of Water Temperature and Salinity on Growth and Mortality of Eastern Oysters, Crassostrea virginica: A Meta-Analysis Using 40 Years of Monitoring Data

Despite nearly a century of exploitation and scientific study, predicting growth and mortality rates of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) as a means to inform local harvest and management activities remains difficult. Ensuring that models reflect local population responses to varying salinity and temperature combinations requires locally appropriate models. Using long-term (1988 to 2015) monitoring data from Louisiana's public oyster reefs, we develop regionally specific models of temperature- and salinity-driven mortality (sack oysters only) and growth for spat ( 75 mm) oyster size classes. The results demonstrate that the optimal combination of temperature and salinity where Louisiana oysters experience reduced mortality and fast growth rates is skewed toward lower salinities and higher water temperatures than previous models have suggested. Outside of that optimal range, oysters are commonly exposed to combinations of temperature and salinity that are correlated with high mortality and reduced growth. How these combinations affect growth, and to a lesser degree mortality, appears to be size class dependent. Given current climate predictions for the region and ongoing large-scale restoration activities in coastal Louisiana, the growth and mortality models are a critical step toward ensuring sustainable oyster reefs for long-term harvest and continued delivery of the ecological services in a changing environment.
Time to plateau as a predictor of survival in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.

Response rates in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma have improved dramatically with the introduction of highly effective novel therapies. However, survival in patients achieving optimal responses to initial treatment can vary significantly, and new prognostic indicators are required to improve risk stratification. We investigated the relationship between time to plateau (TPlat ) and survival in 1099 newly diagnosed patients treated with novel agents at our institution from 2005 to 2015. TPlat was defined as time from initiation of first-line therapy to best response to first-line therapy. The median TPlat was 4.9 months (0.7-58.6) and plateau duration was 1.8 years (0.2-11.0). Patients who required > 120 days to achieve a plateau had longer modified overall survival (mOS) and progression free survival (mPFS) calculated from a landmark of best response (P 120 days) experience longer survival compared to more rapid responders. Patients with a prolonged TPlat could represent an "ongoing responder" phenotype that portends a survival advantage independent of treatment with upfront ASCT, depth of response, and biologic markers such as ISS stage and cytogenetic risk.
China: Energy Efficiency Where it Really Matters

This chapter examines the extent to which China’s rapid economic growth is linked to electricity demand growth, specifically focusing on credible policies that can delink the two. The authors examine two scenarios of future growth – a future in which current trends prevail (“expected future”) and another that differs from the first primarily in strengthened energy efficiency policies – using an end-use energy model developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). The model considers sales and saturation of energy-using equipment, efficiency standards, usage, turnover rates, size, and other factors, which are updated every decade. The inputs are based on historical experiences of developed countries and assumptions about technological change and human preferences.
Medicinal Chemistry: New Chemical Classes and Subtype-Selective Ligands

Over the past decade, advances have been made in discovering novel σ receptor probes and developing structure-activity relationships for σ1 and σ2 receptor selectivity. These compounds have provided useful tools to further investigate the physiological role that central and peripheral σ receptors play. Furthermore, many of these compounds have been investigated for their in vivo actions, and particularly promising is their ability to attenuate cocaine-induced behaviors such as locomotor stimulation and conditioned place preference, as well as cocaine-induced toxicities. These in vivo studies are described in other chapters in this book and the interested reader is referred to these. Compounds that have dual actions at both σ1 receptors and the dopamine transporter may prove to be a novel strategy for the development of a cocaine-abuse medication and is being investigated toward this goal. Compounds selective at σ2 receptors may be useful as antineoplastic agents or for control of cell survival in neurodegenerative disease. The design and synthesis of novel and selective σ1 and σ2 receptor selective agonists and antagonists will undoubtedly provide the required molecular tools to elucidate both structure and function of these receptors.
Head/Neck and Spine Imaging Variants: Introduction

This book is separated into six different sections based on regional anatomy for the purpose of addressing the common modalities (such as CT or MRI), imaging sequences (particularly various MR sequences), and protocols (such as slice thickness or windowing) in order to identify each imaging variant in that region. These include: Sinonasal Variants (Chap. 2), Orbital Variants (Chap. 3), Head and Neck Variants (Chap. 4), Temporal Bone Variants (Chap. 5), Cervical and Thoracic Spine Variants (Chap. 6), and Lumbar Spine Variants (Chap. 7). Notably, the Head and Neck Variants chapter covers a wider range of anatomy and physiology (e.g., mucosal abnormalities, thyroid variants, salivary gland variants, Eagle syndrome, vascular variants and PET-CT variants) and thus is a bit more cursory because of the way neck CT imaging is routinely interpreted; perhaps this will be expounded on further in future editions, since some topics are quite vast in that region, and the anatomy is relatively compact. Furthermore, each of the above-mentioned six subjects tend to be subdivided further by sub-anatomic regions (e.g., “ossicular variants” within the Temporal Bone Variants chapter, “lacrimal gland” within the Orbital Variants chapter), and thus the variants of such regions are grouped together so that the differential diagnosis for true pathology and comparison to a known variant is practical; i.e. so a confident identification of the variant can be reached during routine image interpretation. Relevant references are provided for each subject. The goal of this text was to provide a quick, pictorial review with critical anatomy and imaging characteristics to facilitate prompt recognition of each variant; the reader is encouraged to review any of the numerous references included in each section for more in-depth learning.
Every Three Seconds: A Review of an Innovative Documentary on Research and Stigma Surrounding Dementia Across the Globe.

ABSTRACTEvery Three Seconds is an innovative documentary provided by Alzheimer’s Disease International (ADI) and In the Moment (ITM) Productions which explores the impacts of dementia, national and...
Unemployment duration and the personalities of young adults workers

Abstract As in many countries, young adult workers in the United States have experienced tremendous employment volatility in recent years. In this paper, we examine the role personality plays in determining the duration of unemployment among young adults in the United States between 2008 and 2015. Evidence from estimation of a Competing Risks Model shows that when faced with unemployment, conscientious individuals are significantly more likely to find employment. Individuals scoring higher in neuroticism are more likely to leave the workforce and less likely to go back to school, while more agreeable individuals are more likely to go back to school. Because personality remains malleable for young adults, these results have implications for the literature related to job-search behavior as well as for educational and job-training programs.
Variation Enhancement of Arbiter PUFs with Asymmetric Layout

Arbiter PUF (APUF) is a popular style of physical unclonable function (PUF) that has been used in many security applications. The amount of process variation of an APUF is an important parameter strongly influencing its resolution. Although various attempts have been made to increase APUFs’ random variation from the circuit design prospective, little work has been done to enhance manufacturing mismatch through transistor-level layout. In this work, we propose a novel layout strategy for enlarging inner-die delay variation of an APUF circuit in an area neutral manner. The mechanism separates a pair of racing delay units by an appropriate distance. Corresponding variation enhancement is quantified according to Pelgrom’s mismatch model. Cadence Monte Carlo sampling shows the proposed scheme improves delay variation of 0. 13um technology 128-stage APUFs with minimum transistor size by as much as 8% without significantly affecting the inter-die hamming distance.
Low-power image recognition

To accelerate the development of energy-efficient and intelligent machines, Yung-Hsiang Lu and organizers launched a challenge for low-power approaches to image recognition.
Social Justice and Social Inequalities

Social justice is a philosophical and transdisciplinary concept that has no particular or distinct disciplinary home. Social justice in theory and practice is part of the general evolution of justice in human civilizations, which is a part of the ongoing struggles against the repression of any people and on behalf of the liberation of all people. The applications of social justice are best understood in relation to the applications of equal justice and restorative justice.
The Internal Rhetorical Work of a Public Health Crisis Response

This persuasion brief suggests that the rhetorical concepts of techne and rhetorical work facilitate the creation of public health crisis communication. To illustrate this claim, we present findings from a case study with the Johns Hopkins Medicine Ebola Crisis Communications Team, a transdisciplinary group that collaborated with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention during the 2014 Ebola crisis. The team created multimodal documentation to support healthcare providers as they prepared to treat patients and crafted communication to alleviate the fear among health workers and the public caused by the threat of Ebola. Ultimately, we frame public health crisis communication as a rhetorical endeavor guided by a focus on failure, situated expertise, and techne. This focus pushes specialists to tend to the processes involved in creating a response, and it highlights how gut feelings factor into the process of designing and implementing a public health crisis intervention.
RAS Internal Tandem Duplication Disrupts GAP-binding to Activate Oncogenic Signaling

Molecular testing of oncogenic RAS mutations in colorectal cancer (CRC) have led to increased identification of mutations in patients with CRC. NRAS-mutated CRC has not been well characterized because it is less common (<6%) than KRAS mutations. Here, we report a novel 10 amino acid internal tandem duplication (ITD) in NRAS, which disrupts the switch II domain, in a patient with widely disseminated CRC. Hotspot next generation sequencing of a brain metastasis identified the NRAS ITD and a TP53 missense mutation (p.P275F). Whole exome sequencing of the primary tumor and two metastatic lesions (lung and brain) confirmed that the NRAS ITD and TP53 mutation were conserved between the primary tumor and both metastatic tumors, and identified an additional pathogenic mutation in CSMD1 (a tumor suppressor gene). Structural biology and biochemical analyses demonstrated that the NRAS ITD prevented binding to GAP protein, leading to sustained RAS activation, increased interaction with RAF, and downstream MAPK activation. Additionally, we provide the first crystal structure of the RAS ITD. In conclusion, these studies indicate that the NRAS ITD was the probable primary driver mutation of this aggressive CRC. Identical or biologically similar ITDs in NRAS and KRAS may be rare drivers of CRC and other aggressive malignancies.
Using Sandtray as a Creative Supervision Tool

Evidence-based research supports the incorporation of creative techniques in counselor supervision. There are numerous methods of implementing creative techniques within the supervisory process; sa...
Clinical predictors of 3- and 6-month outcome for mild traumatic brain injury patients with a negative head CT scan in the emergency department: A TRACK-TBI pilot study

A considerable subset of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients fail to return to baseline functional status at or beyond 3 months postinjury. Identifying at-risk patients for poor outcome in the emergency department (ED) may improve surveillance strategies and referral to care. Subjects with mTBI (Glasgow Coma Scale 13-15) and negative ED initial head CT < 24 h of injury, completing 3- or 6-month functional outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended; GOSE), were extracted from the prospective, multicenter Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury (TRACK-TBI) Pilot study. Outcomes were dichotomized to full recovery (GOSE = 8) vs. functional deficits (GOSE < 8). Univariate predictors with p < 0.10 were considered for multivariable regression. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were reported for outcome predictors. Significance was assessed at p < 0.05. Subjects who completed GOSE at 3- and 6-month were 211 (GOSE < 8: 60%) and 185 (GOSE < 8: 65%). Risk factors for 6-month GOSE < 8 included less education (AOR = 0.85 per-year increase, 95% CI: (0.74-0.98)), prior psychiatric history (AOR = 3.75 (1.73-8.12)), Asian/minority race (American Indian/Alaskan/Hawaiian/Pacific Islander) (AOR = 23.99 (2.93-196.84)), and Hispanic ethnicity (AOR = 3.48 (1.29-9.37)). Risk factors for 3-month GOSE < 8 were similar with the addition of injury by assault predicting poorer outcome (AOR = 3.53 (1.17-10.63)). In mTBI patients seen in urban trauma center EDs with negative CT, education, injury by assault, Asian/minority race, and prior psychiatric history emerged as risk factors for prolonged disability.
Testing the role of processing speed and automaticity in second language listening

Second language (L2) listening requires efficient processing of continuing incoming information (Vandergrift & Goh, 2012). Even so, research into individual differences in L2 listening has mostly shed light on the role of linguistic knowledge measured without time pressure (e.g., Mecarty, 2000; Wang & Treffers-Daller, 2017; cf. Vafaee & Suzuki, 2020), leaving the role of processing speed and automaticity largely unexplored. To close this gap, we explored the determinants of successful listening using three processing tasks at lexical, syntactic, and propositional levels. Participants were 44 Chinese learners of English. Response accuracy afforded measures of vocabulary size, syntactic parsing skills, and formulation of propositional meaning. Reaction times and the coefficient of variation (Segalowitz & Segalowitz, 1993) afforded processing speed and automaticity measures at each level. We found a hierarchical relationship between different levels of processing, whereby lower-level, lexical effects cascade up and are mediated by propositional comprehension in accounting for listening comprehension. The results highlight the importance of considering processing accuracy and speed at different levels of the linguistic hierarchy to explain variability among L2 listeners. Different from most previous studies, we argue for a need to consider the temporal aspects of processing, along with linguistic knowledge, in modeling L2 listening.
Alternative Realities: The Impact of Extreme Changes in Defined Contribution Plans on Retirement Income Adequacy in America

In recent years there have been a number of policy proposals that call into question the value of existing defined contribution plans. However, the suggested alternatives do not provide a detailed analysis of the impact of terminating defined contribution plans on retirement income adequacy for American households. Previous research by the Employee Benefit Research Institute (EBRI) has provided some tangential evidence with respect to the potential impact. In 2014 EBRI provided simulation analysis of the serious error introduced by models that ignored future contribution activity from defined contribution plans. In 2017 EBRI produced simulation results showing that, if there were no employer-sponsored retirement plans (defined benefit as well as defined contribution) and individuals were assumed to behave in the manner observed for those with no access to such plans, the aggregate retirement deficits would jump from $4.13 trillion to $7.05 trillion (an increase of 71 percent). In contrast, this Issue Brief provides a comprehensive exploration of the impact on retirement income adequacy for various cohorts of American households if defined contribution retirement plans were completely eliminated. As expected, the results are significantly greater for younger cohorts, since they would lose potential access to defined contribution plans for a longer period. The youngest age cohort (those currently ages 35–39) would suffer the most, with average retirement deficits increasing 23 percent from $49,182 to $60,253. Older cohorts would experience less of an impact: those ages 40–44 would have an increase of 18 percent, while those ages 45–49 would have a 13 percent increase. The average deficits for households above age 50 would increase but by less than 10 percent. The results are also analyzed by preretirement income quartile and breakouts into the following categories: single male, single female, widow, and widower. We find that elimination of defined contribution plans would have the most negative impact on single females. The Issue Brief then analyzes the opposite end of the defined contribution access spectrum by exploring the impact of a universal defined contribution scenario where every employer (with the exception of those that already sponsor a defined benefit plan) is assumed to sponsor a defined contribution plan. Again in this scenario, the youngest age cohort and single females would experience the largest change in retirement income adequacy. The youngest age cohort would benefit the most from this scenario, with average retirement deficits decreasing 24 percent from $49,182 to $37,506. Older cohorts would experience less of an impact: those ages 40–44 would have a decrease of 19 percent, while those ages 45–49 would have a 16 percent decrease and those ages 50–54 would have a 12 percent decrease. The average deficit for households above age 55 would decrease but by less than 10 percent.
Learning Multi-resolution Graph Edge Embedding for Discovering Brain Network Dysfunction in Neurological Disorders

Tremendous recent literature show that associations between different brain regions, i.e., brain connectivity, provide early symptoms of neurological disorders. Despite significant efforts made for graph neural network (GNN) techniques, their focus on graph nodes makes the state-of-the-art GNN methods not suitable for classifying brain connectivity as graphs where the objective is to characterize disease-relevant network dysfunction patterns on graph links. To address this issue, we propose Multi-resolution Edge Network (MENET) to detect disease-specific connectomic benchmarks with high discrimination power across diagnostic categories. The core of MENET is a novel graph edge-wise transform that we propose, which allows us to capture multi-resolution “connectomic” features. Using a rich set of the connectomic features, we devise a graph learning framework to jointly select discriminative edges and assign diagnostic labels for graphs. Experiments on two real datasets show that MENET accurately predicts diagnostic labels and identify brain connectivities highly associated with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s Disease and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.