cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Two Sides of Sensory–Cognitive Interactions: Effects of Age, Hearing Acuity, and Working Memory Span on Sentence Comprehension

Reduced hearing acuity is among the most prevalent of chronic medical conditions among older adults. An experiment is reported in which comprehension of spoken sentences was tested for older adults with good hearing acuity or with a mild-to-moderate hearing loss, and young adults with age-normal hearing. Comprehension was measured by participants’ ability to determine of the agent of an action in sentences that expressed this relation with a syntactically less complex subject-relative construction or a syntactically more complex object-relative construction. Agency determination was further challenged by inserting a prepositional phrase into sentences between the person performing an action and the action being performed. As a control, prepositional phrases of equivalent length were also inserted into sentences in a non-disruptive position. Effects on sentence comprehension of age, hearing acuity, prepositional phrase placement and sound level of stimulus presentations appeared only for comprehension of sentences with the more syntactically complex object-relative structures. Working memory as tested by reading span scores accounted for a significant amount of the variance in comprehension accuracy. Once working memory capacity and hearing acuity were taken into account, chronological age among the older adults contributed no further variance to comprehension accuracy. Results are discussed in terms of the positive and negative effects of sensory-cognitive interactions in comprehension of spoken sentences and lend support to a framework in which domain-general executive resources, notably verbal working memory, play a role in both linguistic and perceptual processing.
Formal Synthesis of Premisakinolide A and C(19)-C(32) of Swinholide A via Site-Selective C-H Allylation and Crotylation of Unprotected Diols.

Using stereo- and site-selective C–H allylation and crotylation of unprotected diols, an intermediate in the synthesis of premisakinolide A (bistheonellic acid B) that was previously made in 16–27 (LLS) steps is now prepared in only nine steps. This fragment also represents a synthesis of C(19)–C(32) of the actin-binding macrodiolide swinholide A.
Analysis of the Temperature Effect on New Xiangqin Gorge Bridge on Zhuzhou-Liupanshui Double-Track Railway

New Xiangqin Gorge Bridge is a long-span PC bridge on the newly-built Zhuzhou-Liupanshui double-track railway.Deteriorations of concrete crack and surface spalling were detected in the bridge after 2 years of service.An FEM simulation model using the ANSYS is developed to analyze the temperature distributions and thermal stresses in the bridge in order to identify the causes of the deteriorations.The analysis results indicate that the maximum temperature gradient of solar radiation occurs in winter.The maximum temperature differential through the thickness of the web plate is 17.5 ℃,and consequently the maximum transversal tensile thermal stress inside the box girder is 2.34 MPa.It is evident that the transversal thermal stress induced by solar radiation is one of the main factors causing the deteriorations in the bridge.Therefore,due attention shall be paid to the transversal temperature gradients and the thermal stresses induced by solar radiation in designing ballast-covered concrete railway bridges.
Determination of AFS-230E in Air Mercuric Chloride by Atomic Fluorescence Spectrophotometry

[Objective] To establish a method for detection of mercuric chloride hydride in the air of workshop.[Methods] Mercuric chloride was absorbed and gathered by dilute sulfuric acid solution,and then detected by hydride atomic fluorophotometry.[Results] A series of standards of 0~10.0 ng/ml were measured 6 times with the average correlation coefficient(0.9996),linear range(0~ 30 ng /ml),linear equations(Y=2221.4865X-30.2514)and the minimum detection limit(0.02 ng/ml).For different content samples,the recovery rate of standard addition is 90%-95%,the relative standard deviation of precision determination was 2.3%~3.8%.The differece between the results of atomic fluorescence fluorophotometry and atomic absorption spectrometry(mercury analyzer)was not significant according to t-test(t=0.17,P0.05).[Conclusion] This method has the advantages of easy and rapid to operation,high accuracy of the result and sensibility,few intervention,saving reagent and so on.
Let Them Talk: New Year’s Presidential Rhetoric in Russia, Belarus, and Poland

This comparative analysis examined how the presidents of Russia, Belarus, and Poland, the three countries with different political regimes, used the New Year’s addresses to rhetorically construct social reality in terms of national identity and the positions of the countries in the world. Specifically, the study looked at how presidents used rhetorical means to build and reinforce solidarity and civil sphere, to appeal to the nations’ historical consciousness, to include or exclude certain groups, to define the relationship of the state and society, and to rhetorically construct the image of conformity. The differences in how the presidents rhetorically constructed and reinforced solidarity and civil sphere were revealed in how the speakers stressed active role of either the government or the community in overcoming crises. It was observed that the image of solidarity and conformity could be rhetorically constructed not only with the help of unifying rhetoric but also by blaming and social exclusion of “e...
Technique for division and suspension of the orbicularis oculi muscle.

The authors present their technique for dividing and suspending the orbicularis oculi muscle to elevate the lateral canthus, producing a more youthful appearance and reducing skin folds and wrinkles in this area.
The First Thing We Do, Let's Pay All the Lawyers

Ehud Kamar provides an in-depth analysis of a specific aspect of the divergence between social and private incentives to bring suit,' a topic that has been explored more generally by Steven Shavell.2 Shareholder suits provide two social benefits: they deter wealth-destroying managerial behavior and clarify legal duties by creating precedents. Kamar argues that in order to provide plaintiffs sufficient incentive to bring suit, we may have to set damages at a level so high that risk-averse managers will become too timid to manage effectively. Conversely, if we set damages low enough to make it feasible for managers to operate in a world of legal uncertainty, we may give shareholders insufficient incentives to bring socially valuable suits. Kamar argues that when corporations purchase director and officer liability insurance, they decouple the award to the shareholder/plaintiff and the damages paid by the manager/defendant in a way that better aligns private and social incentives. Insurance acts as a private subsidy to litigation, in the sense that shareholders deliberately incur costs to encourage suits that will ultimately produce better managerial decisions. Adhering to the commentator's traditional role as devil's advocate, I will express some skepticism that the encouragement of litigation to reduce legal uncertainty is an important function of insurance and indemnification in the corporate context. That insurance is prompted by legal uncertainty, I think, is clear. Whether insurance helps produce a more nearly optimal level of litigation is a much more complex question and, I will argue, one we lack sufflcient facts to answer. As a positive account of why insurance exists, I am inclined to credit the simple view that managers want to reduce the risk of undeserved liability and shareholders want a third party to monitor management.
Ion Percolation through a Cubic Lipid/Water Phase

X-ray diffraction studies have shown that mixtures of certain lipids with water yield exotic regular phases in which water is arranged in interpenetrating cubic networks of channels.1,2 Though electrical properties of amorphous lipid-water systems have been extensively studied (see reference 3 for review), regular phases have so far received little attention. A cubic phase formed in a saline solution will conduct electricity if the network of water channels containing dissolved salts spans the sample. By contrast, the unhydrated lipid will have a very low conductance. Starting with pure lipid, the time evolution of conductance as the proportion of water within the lipid increases could provide insight into the kinetics of formation of porous phases otherwise difficult to obtain from structural measurements. Here I report continuous measurements of the ionic conductivity of monoolein samples as water concentration increases from near zero to its equilibrium value in presence of free water. A definite conductance threshold is observed at an intermediate water concentration, after which conductance follows a power law. The results are discussed in the framework of percolation theory.
The Effect of Combined Out-of-Hospital Hypotension and Hypoxia on Mortality in Major Traumatic Brain Injury

Study objective Survival is significantly reduced by either hypotension or hypoxia during the out-of-hospital management of major traumatic brain injury. However, only a handful of small studies have investigated the influence of the combination of both hypotension and hypoxia occurring together. In patients with major traumatic brain injury, we evaluate the associations between mortality and out-of-hospital hypotension and hypoxia separately and in combination. Methods All moderate or severe traumatic brain injury cases in the preimplementation cohort of the Excellence in Prehospital Injury Care study (a statewide, before/after, controlled study of the effect of implementing the out-of-hospital traumatic brain injury treatment guidelines) from January 1, 2007, to March 31, 2014, were evaluated (exclusions: 200 mm Hg). The relationship between mortality and hypotension (systolic blood pressure Results Among the 13,151 patients who met inclusion criteria (median age 45 years; 68.6% men), 11,545 (87.8%) had neither hypotension nor hypoxia, 604 (4.6%) had hypotension only, 790 (6.0%) had hypoxia only, and 212 (1.6%) had both hypotension and hypoxia. Mortality for the 4 study cohorts was 5.6%, 20.7%, 28.1%, and 43.9%, respectively. The crude and adjusted odds ratios for death within the cohorts, using the patients with neither hypotension nor hypoxia as the reference, were 4.4 and 2.5, 6.6 and 3.0, and 13.2 and 6.1, respectively. Evaluation for an interaction between hypotension and hypoxia revealed that the effects were additive on the log odds of death. Conclusion In this statewide analysis of major traumatic brain injury, combined out-of-hospital hypotension and hypoxia were associated with significantly increased mortality. This effect on survival persisted even after controlling for multiple potential confounders. In fact, the adjusted odds of death for patients with both hypotension and hypoxia were more than 2 times greater than for those with either hypotension or hypoxia alone. These findings seem supportive of the emphasis on aggressive prevention and treatment of hypotension and hypoxia reflected in the current emergency medical services traumatic brain injury treatment guidelines but clearly reveal the need for further study to determine their influence on outcome.
RT-qPCR Detection of Senescence-Associated Circular RNAs

Primary cells that reach the end of their replicative potential, encounter sublethal stress, or experience the activation of certain oncogenes cease proliferation and enter a state of long-term growth arrest named senescence. The senescent process has been implicated in a variety of age-related diseases and also in the pathogenesis of cancer. Senescence is characterized by distinct changes in the types and levels of coding RNAs (mRNAs) as well as in the vast collective of regulatory noncoding (nc)RNAs, which includes microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular (circRNAs). Numerous technologies permit the detection of senescence-associated linear transcripts (mRNAs, lncRNAs, microRNAs), but the identification and quantification of circRNAs in senescence require distinct molecular approaches. In this chapter, we describe a method for the detection and measurement of circRNAs in senescent cells using specialized reverse transcription (RT) followed by real-time quantitative (q)PCR analysis.
Malignant Disease of the Extremities Treated by Exarticulation

This analysis of major exarticulations performed for malignant disease of the extremities encountered at the Mayo Clinic indicates that the survival rates were adversely affected by the patients who received surgical treatment as a palliative measure. Conversely, some patients regarded as having a very dismal prognosis have had a surprisingly long postoperative survival. It can only be conjectured at the present time that the protracted survival of patients in whom cancer cells were known to have been left in the body at the time of operation may be attributable in part to the patient's own resistance to cancerous invasion. Gordon-Taylor has suggested that a tumor may have the metabolic balance turned against it by some metabolic alteration of the parent organism and may cease growing for a variable time and even become smaller, only to assume its proliferative activity again at a later period. This seems a logical hypothesis. Major exarticulation is now acceptable treatment for many types of malignant disease of the extremities. Except for palliative operations, forequarter amputation is now preferred by many to shoulder-joint disarticulation for the treatment of malignant disease of the upper part of the arm. In many cases, these procedures offer the patient the only existing chance of survival. The five-year survival rates were respectively 40.6 per cent for forequarter amputation, 41.5 per cent for hindquarter amputation, 39.6 per cent for hip-joint disarticulation, and 19.2 per cent for shoulder-joint disarticulation. The survival rate for these operations as a combined group was 36.8 per cent.
Autonomous cooperative agent based flexible distribution of Energy and Storage resources

A new framework for integrating distributed energy resources (DERs) and energy storage devices, known as Flexible Distribution of EneRgy and Storage resources (FDERS), has been proposed recently. It offers the benefits of increased DER lifetime, optimal energy storage deployment, enhanced controllability and improved system robustness. This paper presents an autonomous cooperative agent based FDERS system. The pecking order or hierarchy of distributed energy and storage resources in FDERS can be varied based on the energy resource availability, response characteristics or fuel pricing of individual DERs. Such a hierarchical scheme may at first suggest a centralized control philosophy, but this paper has presented an improved and decentralized cooperative strategy with intelligent agents processing local information for delivering the larger system goals.
For blacks in America, the gap in neighborhood poverty has declined faster than segregation

Black residential segregation has been declining in the United States. That accomplishment rings hollow, however, if blacks continue to live in much poorer neighborhoods than other Americans. This study uses census data for all US metropolitan areas in 1980 and 2010 to compare decline in the neighborhood poverty gap between blacks and other Americans with decline in the residential segregation of blacks. We find that both declines resulted primarily from narrowing differences between blacks and whites as opposed to narrowing differences between blacks and Hispanics or blacks and Asians. Because black-white differences in neighborhood poverty declined much faster than black-white segregation, the neighborhood poverty disadvantage of blacks declined faster than black segregation-a noteworthy finding because the narrowing of the racial gap in neighborhood poverty for blacks has gone largely unnoticed. Further analysis reveals that the narrowing of the gap was produced by change in both the medians and shapes of the distribution of poverty across the neighborhoods where blacks, whites, Hispanics, and Asians reside.
Mobecs: Model-Object Based Expert Control Systems

Abstract An expert control system that operates at the supervisory level is developed to tailor the control of a chemical reactor in response to process faults and changes in operating conditions. Heuristic and quantitative process model information are utilized in this model-object based expert control system (MOBECS). A prototype of MOBECS has been developed to control a bench-scale packed-bed tubular reactor operated autothermally.
Single-Case Analysis to Determine Reasons for Failure of Behavioral Treatment via Telehealth:

Functional communication training (FCT) is a widely used and effective function-based treatment for problem behavior. The purpose of this article is to present two cases in which FCT was unsuccessf...
Comments on “Killer whale (Orcinus orca) behavioral audiograms” [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 141, 2387–2398 (2017)]

Branstetter and his colleagues present the audiograms of eight killer whales and provide a comprehensive review of previous killer whale audiograms. In their paper, they say that the present authors have reported a relationship between size and high-frequency hearing but that echolocating cetaceans might be a special case. The purpose of these comments is to clarify that the relationship of a species' high-frequency hearing is not to its size (mass) but to its “functional interaural distance” (a measure of the availability of sound-localization cues). Moreover, it has previously been noted that echolocating animals, cetaceans as well as bats, have extended their high-frequency hearing somewhat beyond the frequencies used by comparable non-echolocators for passive localization.
Broadband Studies of Compact Sources

Progress is reported on a program to study the polarization, spectral and variability properties of compact sources at centimeter and millimeter wavelengths. Source characteristics divide according to the broadband shapes of their spectra.
Health risk perceptions and reasons for use of tobacco products among clients in addictions treatment.

Abstract Introduction We examined rates of use, health risk perceptions and reasons for use of combustible and non-combustible tobacco products among clients enrolled in addictions treatment across the United States. Methods Participants (N = 1153) completed tobacco use surveys and rated health risk perception of all products. Users of non-cigarette products reported their main reason for use of each product. Logistic regression analyses examined associations between health risk perceptions and product use, including combustible cigarette use, and between reasons for use and non-cigarette product use. Results Cigarette smoking was reported by 77.5%, followed by use of e-cigarettes (26.6%), little filtered cigars (LFCs)/cigarillos (15.4%), smokeless tobacco (11.4%), and cigars (8.4%). Lower perceived health risk of cigarettes was associated with smoking cigarettes (OR = 0.985, 95% CI: 0.975–0.995, p = 0.005). Lower perceived health risk of e-cigarettes was associated with e-cigarette use (OR = 0.991, 95% CI: 0.984–0.998, p = 0.023). Users of cigars and users of LFC/cigarillos (versus other product use) were more likely to report their main reason for use as “enjoying flavor/ taste”, and smokeless tobacco users were more likely to report “at times when can't smoke” as their main reason for use compared with other reasons. E-cigarette users were more likely to report to “reduce/quit cigarettes” as their main reason for use as compared to all other reasons except “reduce health risk”. Conclusion Treating smoking in addictions treatment should assess all tobacco product use, accuracy of health risk perceptions, and use of e-cigarettes to reduce/quit smoking, in order to promote cessation of combustible tobacco.
Peer Review and Responsibility in/as/for/to Practice

This chapter critically reflects on the critiques, reviews, and many proposals presented in Parts Two, Three, and Four, and provides a summary conclusion for the entire Zadeh Project. Obvious differences between experience and reporting on experience are highlighted, with particular attention to the ways such differences are detailed by the Zadeh Scenario and in our colleagues’ responses to it. In addition, we discuss a key challenge associated with clinical ethics practice and the peer review of such practice: identifying what actually matters for those engaged in these kinds of activities. In each case, we argue, the work of discovering what matters to the individuals actually involved cannot be overlooked. Furthermore, that work may even be the primary ingredient to responsible conduct for both consultation and peer review. Building on this idea that responding responsibly to that which is actually encountered in clinical practice serves as a primary activity of, and thus grounds responsibility in, clinical ethics practice, we then argue that ethical analysis of Finder’s activities in the Zadeh Scenario, and for clinical ethics peer review more generally, has at least three layers: that which addresses the immediate interactions between an ethics consultant and those whom the consultant engages; that which addresses the ethics consultant’s own sense of self-responsibility; that which addresses peer reviewers’ own frames for evaluating another’s clinical ethics practice. We conclude that the Zadeh Project exemplifies what is at stake in ethics consultation (as a practice) and peer review (as a form of peer engagement and education). Taken as a whole, then, the Zadeh Project reveals how peer review, in acknowledgement of the responsibility to create a context for peer education, rests upon a commitment to model – and demand critical engagement with – what is held to be most worthwhile for clinical ethics practice and the field of clinical ethics consultation as a whole.
Elevated O-GlcNAcylation levels improve mitochondrial function

O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a highly dynamic post-translational modification that involves an addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine to serine and threonine residue in mitochondria...
Parallel surface reconstruction through virtual milling

Surface definition deals with representing a surface analytically using a finite number of parameters and with acceptable levels of error. In the past few years it has become a key discipline in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Recent advances in computers and numerical algorithms have made it possible for CFD practitioners to attempt flow solutions about complex three-dimensional geometries. The first step in this process is having a numerical representation of the shape. In many cases of interest such a representation already exists; i.e., aircraft designed on a computer. Such Computer-Aided Design (CAD) descriptions do not exist, though, for objects found in nature or predating CAD. In such situations a technique for measuring the object and then constructing a surface conforming to these measurements is needed. Existing techniques for 3-D surface definition often require considerable human intervention, both in the measuring and the reconstruction process. This is a time consuming proposition. It is desirable to develop a fully automated alternative. Three-dimensional objects can be measured accurately and quickly from multiple viewpoints using a Cyberware laser digitizer. The digitizer returns the coordinates of a set of surface points. The problem is then to construct a faithful representation of the original object from these points. The algorithm proposed here has two distinct stages. In the first stage, surface fragments, using information from a single view, are produced by employing a visibility constraint and a 2-D Delaunay triangulation technique. In the next stage, surfaces from multiple views are combined through an approach that emulates the machining operation of milling. The final result is a non-convex, triangular faceted, polyhedron that approximates the object shape. A sequential version of the virtual milling algorithm exists on a Silicon Graphics workstation. The algorithm is of O(NlogN) complexity, where N is the number of data points. Experimental results have been obtained for a scaled F117-A model scanned from multiple viewpoints. Several topological issues have been addressed. A parallel version of the algorithm has been implemented on the Intel Gamma Prototype, a 128 node, distributed-memory, MIMD computer. Run times are compared to those obtained on an Iris 310/VGX workstation.
Uncertainty quantification of two-phase flow and boiling heat transfer simulations through a data-driven modular Bayesian approach

Abstract In this paper, we present an approach to inversely quantify the uncertainty of MCFD simulations through a data-driven modular Bayesian inference. Both the model parameter uncertainty and the model form uncertainty are evaluated in the proposed approach. Considering the high-dimensionality of parameter space related to the solver, we performed a sensitivity analysis to reduce the input parameter dimension for the Bayesian inference. Based on the reduced parameter dimension, surrogate models based on Gaussian Process (GP) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) are constructed to reduce the computational cost in the Bayesian inference. Two case studies based on the proposed approach are performed, focusing on two-phase flow dynamics and on wall boiling heat transfer, respectively. In case study I, we are able to construct a GP-based surrogate model based on 8 principal components to represent the total 208 MCFD solver outputs. Moreover, both cases show that the proposed approach is able to quantify and reduce the parameter uncertainties with the support of experimental measurements. The posterior uncertainties of investigated parameters have 50%-90% narrowed uncertainty ranges compared to their prior uncertainties. Furthermore, a forward uncertainty propagation of the MCFD solver with the obtained uncertainties shows that the agreement between the solver predictions and experimental measurements are significantly improved.
New Research on the Determinants and Effects of Cultural Context in International Marketing

It is our goal to gain recognition for the Journal of Global Marketing among the top-tier journals and attract the best research papers with a global, cross-cultural, and/or cross-national research...
Approximating an Ellipse with Four Circular Arcs

Tirupathi R. Chandrupatla Mechanical Engineering Department Thomas J. Osler Mathematics Department Rowan University Glassboro, New Jersey 08028 chandrupatla@rowan.edu osler@rowan.edu
Theory of dipole insulators

Insulating systems are characterized by their insensitivity to twisted boundary conditions as quantified by the charge stiffness and charge localization length. The latter quantity was shown to be related to the expectation value of the many-body position operator and serves as a universal criterion to distinguish between metals and insulators. In this work we extend these concepts to a new class of quantum systems having conserved charge and dipole moments. We refine the concept of a charge insulator by introducing notions of multipolar insulators, e.g., a charge insulator could be a dipole insulator or dipole metal. We develop a universal criterion to distinguish between these phases by extending the concept of charge stiffness and localization to analogous versions for multipole moments but with our focus on dipoles. We are able to relate the dipole localization scale to the expectation value of a recently introduced many-body quadrupole operator. This refined structure allows for the identification of phase transitions where charge remains localized but, e.g., dipoles delocalize. We illustrate the proposed criterion using several exactly solvable models that exemplify these concepts and discuss a possible realization in cold-atom systems.
Best Practices in Data Use for Achieving Successful Implementation of Enhanced Recovery Pathway

Background Although enhanced recovery pathways (ERPs) have demonstrated promising results in published literature, their effectiveness has been inconsistent. The objective of this study was to identify the most important data use practices associated with successful implementation of ERPs. Study Design As part of a national ERP implementation initiative, data regarding hospitals' previous ERP implementation experience were collected. Specifically, 4 data use practices (data collection, report generation, feedback to leadership, and feedback to frontline providers) and 2 data types (process measures and outcome measures) were correlated with ERP implementation outcomes (hospital-reported success and patient outcomes from the American College of Surgeons [ACS] NSQIP data). Results Of 140 hospitals evaluated, 73 (52.1%) reported previous ERP implementation, with wide variations in data use practices. Of these, 33 (45.2%) reported successful implementation. Feedback of both process and outcome measure data was performed by only 15.1% of hospitals, but was associated with significantly higher likelihood of successful implementation when compared with no feedback (relative risk [RR] 2.45, 95% CI 1.69 to 3.56; p Conclusions The most important data use practice associated with successful ERP implementation was data feedback to frontline providers of both process and outcome measures. However, this was rarely performed in a national cohort of hospitals and represents a substantial but straightforward opportunity for improvement.
Creole becoming and the commons: Black freedom in Belize:

In rural Belize, Afro-Caribbean people have been generating economies and ecologies that simultaneously articulate with and are other than the global capitalism that initially brought enslaved West...
Railroading Religion: Mormons, Tourists, and the Corporate Spirit of the West: by David Walker, Chapel Hill, The University of North Carolina Press, 2019,352 pp., US$29.95 (paperback), ISBN 978 1 4696 5320 4

On 10 May 1869, at Promontory Summit, Territory of Utah, the last spike was driven to secure the last rail that joined the Central Pacific Railroad from the west to the Union Pacific Railroad from ...
Spatial gems 2019 workshop report: The 1st ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Spatial Gems

Researchers and practitioners working with spatial data often develop fundamental new techniques they would like to share with their community. These are not necessarily new research results, not yet in any textbook, but they are interesting, self-contained techniques for doing something useful in the domain of spatial data. We call these techniques "spatial gems".
Higher visual reliance during single-leg balance bilaterally occurring following acute lateral ankle sprain: A potential central mechanism of bilateral sensorimotor deficits

Abstract Background Single-leg balance (SLB) impairment from eyes-open to eyes-closed trials is significantly greater in patients with chronic ankle instability than in uninjured controls, indicating higher reliance on visual information. It is of clinical interest to see if the visual adaptation occurs immediately after injury. Research question We aimed to investigate visual reliance in patients with acute lateral ankle sprain (ALAS) during SLB with both injured and uninjured limbs and during double-leg balance (DLB). Methods The study assessed visual reliance of 53 participants: 27 ALAS patients and 26 persons without a history of ALAS. All participants executed DLB with eyes open and closed, and then completed SLB with both the injured and uninjured limbs (side-matched limbs of the uninjured control group) in both visual conditions. Order of limb and visual condition for SLB was randomly selected. Visual reliance was quantified for each postural task with a percent change between the two visual conditions, with the greater change representing higher visual reliance. We performed separate group-by-limb analysis-of-variance with repeated measures for SLB percent scores and independent t-tests for DLB outcomes. Results For all SLB measures there were no significant group-by-limb interactions (p > 0.05) but significant group main effects (p = 0.013–0.029). With no side-to-side differences, the ALAS group presented higher declines in SLB from the eyes-open to eyes-closed conditions than did the uninjured control group, indicating higher visual reliance. Similarly, for DLB there were significant group differences for almost all measures (p = Significance Moderately higher visual reliance occurs acutely and bilaterally during SLB in ALAS patients. Similar visual adaptions also occur during DLS. These findings will provide insight into a central mechanism underlying bilateral sensorimotor deficits following ALAS and allow clinicians to improve current rehabilitation strategies for acute patients.
E-028 Particle sizing through in-line holography

Introduction/Purpose Endovascular devices are becoming more widely accepted ischemic stroke treatment options in patient healthcare. Current device testing methods must be developed to quantify downstream particulate migration. In vivo models are limited by local vessel structure and may lack neurovascular feeder vessels. Limited feedback devalues assessment of particles and downstream movement of devices/materials. NAU’s Bioengineering Devices Lab has developed an in vitro blood flow and stroke model, which replicates the conditions of the neurovascular system. In prior workings, the in vitro model has quantified material particles via filtration and microscopy to analyze captured particles. This process was time, resource, and data-intensive and required flow within the model to cease as researchers interchange filters. Now a noninvasive method allows researchers to quantify and characterize particles in real time. Materials and methods These improvements are made possible through digital holography. Holography records a particle’s amplitude and wavefront phase to produce a pattern that can create a 3D holographic image with a CMOS camera. The pump delivers pulsatile flow with a pressure profile that tunes to physiological conditions. The Holographic system consists of a HeNe laser and an in-line cuvette to analyze the liquid passing through with light refraction (figure 1). Results Long and short term testing helps determine the potential material efficiency within the vascular system. Analysis of real-time data will quantify particulate size. Results then are compared to ( -table 1) regulations. Conclusion The study results will help predict device performance within the neurovascular system to affirm the safety of the polymer biomaterial, PPODA-QT, in practical usage. With state of the art equipment and procedures, new innovative research arises. Disclosures I. Smith: None.
"Tree Thinking": The Rhetoric of Tree Diagrams in Biological Thought

Tree-like visualizations have played a central role in taxonomic and evolutionary biology for centuries, and the idea of a “tree of life” has been a pervasive notion not only in biology but also in religion, philosophy, and literature for much longer. The tree of life is a central figure in Darwin’s Origin of Species in both verbal and visual forms. As one of the most powerful and pervasive images in biological thought, what conceptual and communicative work has it enabled? How have the visual qualities and elements of the tree form interacted with biological thinking over time? This paper examines the pre-Darwinian history of tree images, the significance of Darwin’s use of such images, and the development of tree diagrams after Darwin. This history shows evidence of four separate traditions of visualization: cosmological, logical-philosophical, genealogical, and materialist. Visual traditions serve as rhetorical contexts that provide enthymematic backing, or what Perelman calls “objects of agreement,” for interpretation of tree diagrams. They produce polysemic warrants for arguments in different fields. The combination of the genealogical tradition with the cosmological and the logical changed the framework for thinking about the natural world and made Darwin’s theory of evolution possible; the later materialist tradition represents the “modernization” of biology as a science.
The influence of competition and performance goals on decoding complex emotions

The present research examines the processes through which competitive contexts influence performance in an understudied domain: social perception. In two experiments (one preregistered), we test how competition (relative to control) influences performance on a measure of emotion decoding: The Reading-the-mind-in-the-Eyes (RME) task. Specifically, we examine whether performance-approach (PAP) and performance-avoidance (PAV) goals (as well as mastery-approach [MAP] and mastery-avoidance [MAV] goals) affect the competition-performance relation in this domain. The results indicate no direct effect of competition on RME performance, but that competition promotes the pursuit of both PAP and PAV goals. Moreover, we find that both PAP and PAV goals are positively related to RME performance in a competitive, but not control, context. Mediational analyses indicate that PAP goals, in particular, are the process through which competition indirectly influences RME performance. These findings integrate several different heretofore separate literatures, and lay the foundation for exciting new work in this overlooked area.
Adeno‐associated virus serotype 1‐based gene therapy for FTD caused by GRN mutations

Objective Dominant loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding the lysosomal protein, progranulin, cause 5-10% of frontotemporal dementia cases. As progranulin undergoes secretion and endocytosis, a small number of progranulin-expressing cells can potentially supply the protein to the entire central nervous system. Thus, gene therapy is a promising treatment approach. Methods We evaluated adeno-associated viral vector administration into the cerebrospinal fluid as a minimally invasive approach to deliver the granulin gene to the central nervous system in a murine disease model and nonhuman primates. Results In progranulin-deficient mice, vector delivery into the lateral cerebral ventricles increased progranulin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and normalized histological and biochemical markers of progranulin deficiency. A single vector injection into the cisterna magna of nonhuman primates achieved CSF progranulin concentrations up to 40-fold higher than those of normal human subjects and exceeded CSF progranulin levels of successfully treated mice. Animals treated with an adeno-associated virus serotype 1 vector exhibited progranulin expression fivefold higher than those treated with an AAV5 vector or the AAV9 variant, AAVhu68, apparently due to remarkably efficient transduction of ependymal cells. Progranulin expression mediated by adeno-associated viral vectors was well tolerated in nonhuman primates with no evidence of dose-limiting toxicity, even at vector doses that induced supraphysiologic progranulin expression. Interpretation These findings support the development of AAV1-based gene therapy for frontotemporal dementia caused by progranulin deficiency.
Optimal field development and production design for unconventional reservoirs: A case study from Central Sub-Basin, Permian Basin, new Mexico

Abstract The planning and developmental decisions succeeding the discovery of an unconventional oil and gas field is of utmost importance in attaining successful exploitation and production from these tight reservoirs. The development and production of hydrocarbon from these unconventional reservoirs require requires adequate planning and execution which could be challenging, due to the sequence of heterogeneous lithologies of these formations. In this study, we designed and presented a comprehensive field development and production program that is representative of the unconventional oil and gas development in the Central sub-basin of the Permian Basin. To design and achieve optimal field development and production for unconventional reservoirs in the Central sub-basin of the Permian Basin, New Mexico, we utilized field data from an oil and gas well that was drilled to a TVD/MD of 2290 m with a PBTD of 2270 m. Subsequently, we conducted the petrophysical evaluation of the logs and utilized a decline curve analysis for reservoir evaluation of all the members of the formation. We also designed and developed comprehensive drilling, completions, and facilities programs. Lastly, we incorporated an economic analysis of our optimized field development and production design. Our results provide a valuable plan and critical decision-making insight for optimizing field development and production of unconventional reservoirs in the Permian Basin and across the world.
Advancing Telehealth to Improve Access to Health in Rural America

As we begin the second decade of the twenty-first century, there are those Americans who have limited access to medical care and health information. Advancements in technology—computers, sensors, information technology, and communications—provide a remarkable platform for change. Access via broadband communications can provide access to virtual care and educational services. Rural health policy is set by the Federal government but is influenced by many different contributing factors. Several states have been permitted to utilize telehealth, and it has been reimbursable, and as such, a lot of research has been conducted in rural areas. Sometimes events occur that alter the standard approach or the “old way.” Recently, the World Health Organization declared a pandemic due to COVID-19. This has caused the healthcare system to begin to finally embrace telemedicine and telehealth as an ideal tool across the entire landscape. There will always be challenges, and more often than not there are amazing solutions. This chapter provides a review of how telemedicine and telehealth are impacting healthcare in rural America.
Utilization of L-glutamate as a preferred or sole nutrient in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 depends on genes encoding for the enhancer-binding protein AauR, the sigma factor RpoN and the transporter complex AatJQMP

Glutamate and aspartate are preferred nutrients for a variety of microorganisms. In the case for many Pseudomonas spp., utilization of these amino acids is believed to be dependent on a transporter complex comprised of a periplasmic-solute binding protein (AatJ), two permease domains (AatQM) and an ATP-binding component (AatP). Notably, expression of this transporter complex is hypothesized to be regulated at the transcriptional level by the enhancer-binding protein AauR and the alternative sigma factor RpoN. The purpose of the current study was to determine the biological significance of the putative aatJ-aatQMP operon and its regulatory aauR and rpoN genes in the utilization of L-glutamate, L-glutamine, L-aspartate and L-asparagine in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Deletion of the aatJ-aatQMP, aauR or rpoN genes did not affect the growth of P. aeruginosa PAO1 on L-glutamate, L-glutamine, L-aspartate and L-asparagine equally. Instead, only growth on L-glutamate as the sole carbon source was abolished with the deletion of any one of these genes. Interestingly, growth of the aauR mutant on L-glutamate was readily restored via plasmid-based expression of the aatQMP genes, suggesting that it is the function of AatQMP (and not AatJ) that is limiting in the absence of the aauR gene. Subsequent analysis of beta-galactosidase reporters revealed that both aatJ and aatQ were induced in response to L-glutamate, L-glutamine, L-aspartate or L-asparagine in a manner dependent on the aauR and rpoN genes. In addition, both aatJ and aatQ were expressed at reduced levels in the absence of the inducing-amino acids and the regulatory aauR and rpoN genes. The expression of the aatJ-aatQMP genes is, therefore, multifaceted. Lastly, the expression levels of aatJ were significantly higher (> 5 fold) than that of aatQ under all tested conditions. The primary function of AauR in P. aeruginosa PAO1 is to activate expression of the aatJ-aatQMP genes in response to exogenous acidic amino acids and their amide derivatives. Importantly, it is the AauR-RpoN mediated induction of the aatQMP genes that is the pivotal factor enabling P. aeruginosa PAO1 to effectively utilize or consume L-glutamate as a sole or preferred nutrient.
The hydrodynamic performance of a turbine in shallow free surface flow

The performance and flow field of hydropower turbine in shallow water can be affected by the presence of free surface. Therefore, the influence of free surface on the turbine performance was studied through transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. The turbine included three blades made of NACA0018 hydrofoil. Submerged depths and different tip speed ratio (TSR) were two main variables in this numerical simulation. A comprehensive simulation of quantities was performed for submerged depths ranging from h / R = 1.2 to 2.0, and tip speed ratio from λ = 1.0 to 30. The results revealed that the presence of the free surface decreased the power coefficient by 19.05% for the closest submerged depth of h / R = 1.2 at optimal tip speed ratio of λ = 2.5. The wave breaking also occurred when the submerged depth was smaller than h / R = 2.0. In the case of variable pitch, the top speeds for free-to-spin cases were investigated by 6DOF method. The top speed had a 4.24% drop by comparing the largest and the smallest submerged depths. Variable pitch also improved the power coefficient by 28.09% when the free surface was far from the hydropower turbine. However, the power coefficient improvement became significantly small when the hydropower turbine was placed close to the free surface.
Moving beyond personal factors: A national study of wellness interventions in emergency medicine residency programs.

Background In 2017, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) revised its Common Program Requirements to support trainees and faculty by mandating programs to provide dedicated wellness resources and education. Emergency medicine may benefit from this change due to high burnout rates within the specialty. However, the current state of wellness interventions in emergency medicine (EM) residency programs has not yet been well described. Understanding current practices is necessary to assess unmet needs and inform the development and evaluation of future interventions that aim to improve trainee wellness. Objectives The goal of this study was to describe currently implemented wellness interventions in EM residency programs. Methods This descriptive study surveyed 250 ACGME-accredited EM residency programs between March 1 and June 1, 2020, regarding wellness interventions. The survey included demographic questions; structured multiple-choice questions about cost, frequency, and champions; and free-text response options to briefly describe interventions. Respondents were also asked to classify the interventions according to the seven factors described in the National Academy of Medicine Model of Clinician Well-Being and Resilience. Results Ninety of 250 (36% response rate) residency programs participated, describing 162 unique wellness interventions. Respondents classified the majority of interventions (n = 136) as targeting personal factors according to the National Academy of Medicine model. Qualitative analysis revealed five major themes describing the interventions: program culture, program factors, environmental and clinical factors, wellness activities and practices, and wellness resources. Conclusions Results of this survey may help to inform a national needs assessment addressing the current state of wellness interventions in EM residency programs. Our results highlight the need for more interventions targeting external factors impacting resident wellness.