cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Detection of viable myocardium by transvenous myocardial contrast echocardiography using harmonic power Doppler: Canine model of Acute coronary occlusion and reperfusion

Study objective To assess whether myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) using harmonic power Doppler (HPD) in conjunction with the transvenous contrast agent SHU 563A would be useful in detecting stunned but viable myocardium. Design Acute coronary occlusion (2 to 3 h) followed by 1 h of reperfusion was created in 10 dogs in an open-chest model. Measurements and results Continuous harmonic B-mode for wall motion analysis and ECG triggered HPD for assessment of myocardial perfusion was employed during coronary occlusion and after reperfusion. Postmortem 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was performed to verify infarction. Extent of wall motion abnormality (WMA), perfusion defect size, and anatomic infarct size (myocardial infarction [MI]) were analyzed in a 5-segment model. All 10 dogs showed WMA in 23 of 50 segments during coronary occlusion. In eight dogs, HPD detected perfusion defects in 18 of 50 segments. The concordance rate between WMA and perfusion defect was 86%. Mean linearized power (MLP) in segments with WMA was significantly lower compared to normal segments (60.7 ± 38.9 vs 110.5 ± 108.8, p Conclusion MCE using HPD and the contrast agent SHU 563A can demonstrate the efficacy of reperfusion, identify necrotic regions, and aid in the recognition of stunned but viable myocardium. This approach could be useful clinically in patients with acute MI undergoing reperfusion therapy.
An embedding theorem

Abstract We show in this paper that given any reduced, cancellative, torsion-free, atomic monoid, it is possible to construct a possibly non-atomic domain with atomic factorization structure isomorphic to the given monoid. This is significant, since atomic monoids are known to have more freedom in the factorization properties they may possess than atomic domains. This construction is motivated by the paper written by Coykendall and Zafrullah (2004) [5] , in which a non-atomic domain was constructed with factorization structure isomorphic to a singly-generated monoid.
Ergodicity breaking and conformational hysteresis in the dynamics of a polymer tethered at a surface stagnation point.

We study the dynamics of long chain polymer molecules tethered to a plane wall and subjected to a stagnation point flow. Using a combination of theory and numerical techniques, including Brownian dynamics (BD), we demonstrate that a chain conformation hysteresis exists even for freely draining (FD) chains. Hydrodynamic interactions (HI) between the polymer and the wall are included in the BD simulations. We find qualitative agreement between the FD and HI simulations, with both exhibiting simultaneous coiled and stretched states for a wide range of fixed flow strengths. The range of state coexistence is understood by considering an equivalent projected equilibrium problem of a two state reaction. Using this formalism, we construct Kramers rate theory (from the inverse mean first passage time for a Markov process) for the hopping transition from coil to stretch and stretch to coil. The activation energy for this rate is found to scale proportionally to chain length or Kuhn step number. Thus, in the limit of infinite chain size the hopping rates at a fixed value of the suitably defined Deborah number approach zero and the states are “frozen.” We present the results that demonstrate this “ergodicity breaking.”
Nursing Information System

Computerized nurse charting [1] and computerized nursing care plans [2] have been functional on the HELP system since the mid-1980s. Computerized nurse charting allows nurses to chart patient care tasks performed by the nurse and the patient’s response to treatment. The charting program at LDS Hospital uses bedside terminals for real-time data entry. (Bedside terminals are currently in place in the four ICUs and on four 48-bed acute care wards and are scheduled to be implemented in the one other acute care nursing division.) The computerized nursing care plan program allows the nurse to identify active patient problems, probable causes for the problems, desired outcomes, and interventions to be taken to achieve the desired outcomes. A nursing care plan history report is produced, which shows the progression of the patient’s care plan throughout the hospital stay. The care plan history becomes part of the patient’s permanent record. A new version of the computerized care plan program (scheduled for implementation in 1991) will incorporate more patient-specific data and use a nursing diagnosis, instead of a medical diagnosis, approach to patient problems.
The Growth and Current State of Learning Communities in Higher Education

Learning communities carry on a tradition of educational reform, resulting in improved student learning outcomes.
Modelling pathways of CD8+ T-cell differentiation.

In an immune response to infection, naive T lymphocytes proliferate and give rise to a heterogeneous population of effector and memory cells. How is this diversity generated, and how can it be manipulated? Answering these questions requires an understanding of the lineage relationships between different effector and memory-cell subsets, but these relationships remain to be identified definitively. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, a study moves us closer to this goal by combining a mathematical model and data from influenza infections in mice to support the hypothesis that CD8(+) T-cell differentiation is strongly coupled to cell division.
Improving young children's social and emotional competence: a randomized trial of the preschool "PATHS" curriculum.

This paper reports the results from a randomized clinical trial evaluating an adaptation of the Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies curriculum (PATHS) for preschool-age children in Head Start. PATHS is a universal, teacher-taught social-emotional curriculum that is designed to improve children’s social competence and reduce problem behavior. Twenty classrooms in two Pennsylvania communities participated in the study. Teachers in the 10 intervention classrooms implemented weekly lessons and extension activities across a 9-month period. Child assessments and teacher and parent reports of child behavior assessments were collected at the beginning and end of the school year. Analysis of covariance was used to control for baseline differences between the groups and pretest scores on each of the outcome measures. The results suggest that after exposure to PATHS, intervention children had higher emotion knowledge skills and were rated by parents and teachers as more socially competent compared to peers. Further, teachers rated intervention children as less socially withdrawn at the end of the school year compared to controls. Editors’ Strategic Implications:n Findings from this and other randomized clinical trials confirm that the Preschool PATHS program is clearly a promising practice for improving children’s social and emotional competence. Head Start and school programs will find these multi-informant data to be of interest as they consider a curriculum to help prepare children for school entry.
Generation of harmonic radiation during electron scattering from a piecewise-constant potential in an intense electromagnetic field

In a previous study [ Phys. Rev. A40, 5614 ( 1989)] we presented and discussed an exact solution for the scattering of electrons by a piecewise-constant potential in the presence of a strong electromagnetic field. An intimate connection with the physics of multiphoton ionization was demonstrated. Here we extend that study and present what we believe is the first accurate evaluation of power radiated at harmonics of the applied field frequency during electron scattering from a potential in a strong electromagnetic field. The results are nonperturbative and manifestly gauge invariant. We observe the production of multiple-order harmonics whose relative intensities as a function of harmonic number are similar to those of the above-threshold ionization peaks. No plateau in radiated intensity as a function of harmonic number is seen. Suppression of even harmonics in a symmetric potential is seen if the incoming state is strictly single parity (even or odd), but this suppression is found to be exceedingly sensitive to admixture of a small component of the opposite parity. In scattering from a well with two bound states, we observe a striking minimum in the third-harmonic intensity for incident electron energy close to resonance.
Lessons learned from Art Pardee in cell cycle, science, and life.

This essay is written to honor Dr Art Pardee's 85th birthday (July 13, 2006). In this essay, I have summarized the lessons I learned from Art and the cell-cycle research I performed in Art's laboratory during my postdoctoral training period. I have also summarized some research from my own laboratory that has been inspired by the lessons I learned from Art, including the interactions between cell cycle and cell death regulators and discovery of novel polyphenol- and copper-based proteasome inhibitors. Finally, I have discussed the potential use of these proteasome inhibitors in cancer prevention and treatment. J. Cell. Physiol. 209: 663–669, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Spectral line-by-line pulse shaping

In this paper, we review spectral line-by-line pulse shaping, including examples of waveform generation, data demonstrating sensitivity to comb offset frequency, and requirements for high fidelity waveform generation. In order to achieve spectral line-by-line pulse shaping, we have improved the spectral resolution of grating-based pulse shapers to ~2.5 GHz, and performed experiments utilizing high repetition rate (~10 GHz) pulse sources, including harmonically mode-locked fiber lasers and strongly phase modulated CW lasers.
Early intranasal insulin therapy halts progression of neurodegeneration: progress in Alzheimer's disease therapeutics.

Evaluation of: Craft S, Baker LD, Montine TJ et al. Intranasal insulin therapy for Alzheimer’s disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a pilot clinical trial. Arch. Neurol. 69(1), 29–38 (2011). Alzheimer’s disease is associated with brain insulin deficiency and insulin resistance, similar to the problems in diabetes. If insulin could be supplied to the brain in the early stages of Alzheimer’s, subsequent neurodegeneration might be prevented. Administering systemic insulin to elderly nondiabetics poses unacceptable risks of inadvertant hypoglycemia. However, intranasal delivery directs the insulin into the brain, avoiding systemic side effects. This pilot study demonstrates both efficacy and safety of using intranasal insulin to treat early Alzheimer’s and mild cognitive impairment (i.e., the precursor to Alzheimer’s). Significant improvements in learning, memory and cognition occurred within a few months, but without intranasal insulin, brain function continued to deteriorate in measurable degrees...
Extralabel Use of Anesthetic and Analgesic Compounds in Cattle

The need for drugs for sedation, anesthesia, or analgesia in cattle is relatively common in bovine practice. Because almost nothing is specifically approved for anesthesia or analgesia in cattle, the administration of most of these drugs represents extralabel drug use. The primary purpose of this article is to discuss the pharmacokinetics of the main drugs used for sedation, anesthesia, or analgesia in cattle, including information on meat and milk withdrawal where possible.
Information technology energy usage and our planet

The report issued from the EPA entitled "Report to congress on server and data center energy efficiency" was a wakeup call to the IT industry on energy usage of IT equipment and that actions need to be taken in the future to improve energy efficiency of IT equipment as well as the supporting infrastructure. Based on this report the IT industry will provide increased focus on this area as already evident by the formation of the green grid and the stepped up activity in the ASHRAE TC9.9 committee related to data centers. Although IT companies are observing a shift in thinking about energy and its importance to the bottom line, many people are still not relating these efforts to the bigger problem of our energy supply and the impact of energy usage to our environment. This paper is an attempt to gather the key facts on how our industrialized economy contributes to pollution and CO2 emissions and the effects of this non-equilbrium condition of CO2 in the atmosphere may be contributing to increased environmental temperatures. Based on this scientific evidence, the question then is how will the IT industry contribute to decreasing this CO2 emission and how can the IT industry affect a change in the future to improve our environment. Is there a way to cut our energy in half if political forces decide that something drastic needs to be done? Is there a way to tie renewables to the needs of IT industry such that our industry can continue fueling the growth in the economy. What is the science behind all of this and what can we expect to see over the next decade on energy usage as it relates to the IT industry and what technologies might be implemented to realize these energy initiatives. These issues and others will be discussed in this paper and show how our IT industry can contribute to the solution and not the problem.
Convergence Guarantees for Generalized Adaptive Stochastic Search Methods for Continuous Global Optimization

This paper presents some simple technical conditions that guarantee the convergence of a general class of adaptive stochastic global optimization algorithms. By imposing some conditions on the probability distributions that generate the iterates, these stochastic algorithms can be shown to converge to the global optimum in a probabilistic sense. These results also apply to global optimization algorithms that combine local and global stochastic search strategies and also those algorithms that combine deterministic and stochastic search strategies. This makes the results applicable to a wide range of global optimization algorithms that are useful in practice. Moreover, this paper provides convergence conditions involving the conditional densities of the random vector iterates that are easy to verify in practice. It also provides some convergence conditions in the special case when the iterates are generated by elliptical distributions such as the multivariate Normal and Cauchy distributions. These results are then used to prove the convergence of some practical stochastic global optimization algorithms, including an evolutionary programming algorithm. In addition, this paper introduces the notion of a stochastic algorithm being probabilistically dense in the domain of the function and shows that, under simple assumptions, this is equivalent to seeing any point in the domain with probability 1. This, in turn, is equivalent to almost sure convergence to the global minimum. Finally, some simple results on convergence rates are also proved.
A deep ultraviolet ultrafast source driven by high gain harmonic generation in a free electron laser

High-gain harmonic generation has been demonstrated at the shortest wavelength to date (266 nm). Megawatt levels of 89 nm radiation are also produced. Experimental applications of the deep ultraviolet light and FEL issues are discussed.
H2S Increases Survival during Sepsis: Protective Effect of CHOP Inhibition

Sepsis is a major cause of mortality, and dysregulation of the immune response plays a central role in this syndrome. H2S, a recently discovered gaso-transmitter, is endogenously generated by many cell types, regulating a number of physiologic processes and pathophysiologic conditions. We report that H2S increased survival after experimental sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in mice. Exogenous H2S decreased the systemic inflammatory response, reduced apoptosis in the spleen, and accelerated bacterial eradication. We found that C/EBP homologous protein 10 (CHOP), a mediator of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response, was elevated in several organs after CLP, and its expression was inhibited by H2S treatment. Using CHOP-knockout (KO) mice, we demonstrated for the first time, to our knowledge, that genetic deletion of Chop increased survival after LPS injection or CLP. CHOP-KO mice displayed diminished splenic caspase-3 activation and apoptosis, decreased cytokine production, and augmented bacterial clearance. Furthermore, septic CHOP-KO mice treated with H2S showed no additive survival benefit compared with septic CHOP-KO mice. Finally, we showed that H2S inhibited CHOP expression in macrophages by a mechanism involving Nrf2 activation. In conclusion, our findings show a protective effect of H2S treatment afforded, at least partially, by inhibition of CHOP expression. The data reveal a major negative role for the transcription factor CHOP in overall survival during sepsis and suggest a new target for clinical intervention, as well potential strategies for treatment.
Declining Bone Mass in Men With Chronic Pulmonary Disease: Contribution of Glucocorticoid Treatment, Body Mass Index, and Gonadal Function

Background: Men with chronic lung disease (CLD) are at risk for osteoporosis, but the relative contributions of their chronic pulmonary disease, glucocorticoid therapy, and other factors toward loss of bone has not been established. Understanding the relative importance of these factors would assist in selecting patients for bone densitometry screening and in policy decisions regarding Medicare reimbursement. Objective: To identify patients with CLD who are most likely to benefit from bone densitometry screening based on clinical and biochemical measures. Design: Cross-sectional medical survey. Patients: Patients with CLD who were treated with either oral, inhaled, or no glucocorticoid therapy. A control group without lung disease was recruited from the same clinic population. Measurements: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was obtained for each group, and the association between bone mass and clinical variables, glucocorticoid use, gonadal hormones, and biochemical markers of bone metabolism was determined. Results: Osteoporosis (a T score < 22.5 at the hip or spine) was five times as likely in patients with CLD as in control subjects. Although the prevalence of osteoporosis was higher (ninefold) after chronic glucocorticoid therapy, patients with CLD who had never been treated with glucocorticoids had a substantial (fourfold) risk of osteoporosis. Chronic inhaled glucocorticoid therapy offered no protection from bone loss compared to treatment with oral glucocorticoids. Of the clinical and biochemical measures that were obtained, bone mass was weakly correlated with body mass index (BMI), serum estradiol-17b, and N-telopeptide, but not with testosterone, alkaline phosphatase, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, or osteocalcin. Conclusion: Patients with CLD should be considered for bone densitometry screening regardless of glucocorticoid use. Those patients with a low BMI and/or decreased serum estradiol-17b comprise a subgroup with increased risk for osteoporosis. (CHEST 1999; 116:1616 ‐1624)
Optimizing Costs in Workplace Instant Messaging Use

Instant messaging (IM) has the potential to be a powerful collaborative workplace communication tool. As this information and communication technology (ICT) becomes more diffused at work, it is important to consider how the workers will cope with yet another communication option. Using a cost-minimization perspective, this proposition-building piece links three types of costs associated with IM use, delay, access, and error, with two salient workplace concerns, productivity and communication overload. The delay costs associated with IM use are considerably lower than with other ICTs. While increased use of IM can enhance productivity, it might also lead to perceptions of overload. IM access costs include organizational access, interruptions, user experiences, user differences, and generational differences-variables that influence one another and can lead to either outcome. Error costs come in two forms: single-channel factors and message quality issues. These likely lead to increased communication overload and decreased productivity. Combining IM with other ICTs is a likely moderator in this relationship and might help overcome the single-channel factors. The resulting eight propositions and theoretical model provide a predictive framework to focus future workplace IM use studies.
The therapist's treasure chest: solution-oriented tips and tricks for everyday practitioners

Reviewed by Dr. Terry S. Trepper, Professor Emeritus of Psychology, Purdue University, Indiana, USA. Email: trepper@purdue.edu Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) is an evidence-based psychothera...
Some New Stylized Facts of Exchange Rate Behavior

This paper re-examines real exchange rate behavior of OECD currencies under the current float using the more extensive data set that an additional decade's worth of experience has made available. What emerges is a new set of stylized facts, which suggest that the problems of the current float were not, as commonly believed, generic to that system but in fact rather specific, being largely confined to one sub-period - the early and mid-1980s - and one currency - the US dollar. This dollar behavior ranks as one of the important puzzles of the past 25 years.
Starbucks Corp.: Clouds in Your Coffee

This case depicts the history of Starbucks Corporation, from its inception, in 1971, through 2007. The case highlights the conflict between large-scale efficiency and standardization versus providing customers with the "Starbucks Experience." As its consistent growth shows, Starbucks has managed this conflict skillfully, but as the company continues to expand, balancing these objectives becomes more difficult and complex.
Biological Control of Diseases of Crops Grown in Covered and Environmentally Controlled Structures

In the past half-century, major advances in control of plant diseases in covered and environmentally controlled structures occurred. Pathogen-free propagative material (Baker, 1957; Baker and Phillips, 1962; Davis et al., 1977; Phillips, 1968) insured exclusion of pathogens from hosts grown in confined areas. Because high income crops were grown in such structures, relatively expensive eradicative control measures (e.g., steaming, fumigation) were cost effective. Such advanced technology resulted in the highest degree of plant disease control in covered and environmentally controlled conditions in comparison with other field-oriented agricultural industries.
THE GENETIC BASIS OF THE ECOLOGICAL AMPLITUDE OF SPARTINA PATENS. II. VARIANCE AND CORRELATION ANALYSIS.

Reciprocal transplantations of Spartina patens genotypes from adjacent salt marsh, swale, and dune habitats provided evidence for genetic differentiation among subpopulations, due at least in part to contrasting selection regimes. Genet survival in the different habitats was related to the amount of genetic divergence. In the dune habitat, marsh ramets showed the lowest survival, swale ramets showed intermediate survival, and dune ramets showed the highest survival. This relationship was not reciprocal, however. The marsh habitat afforded an environment where survival was maximal for all genotypes. Thus, by comparison, the dune environment appeared to impose a more intense selection pressure, and the swale an intermediate selection pressure on Spartina patens. In each site resident genotypes tended to show greater relative fitness than aliens. This evidence for genetic divergence corroborates that previously reported on morphometric (Silander and Antonovics, 1979) and allozymic traits (Silander, 1984). High levels of phenotypic plasticity may permit greater adaptation to the spatially and temporally heterogeneous environment occupied by S. patens than would genetic variation alone. Dune and swale genets were more phenotypically plastic across traits examined than were marsh genotypes. The higher plasticity in these peripheral subpopulations may confer increased fitness among residents and compensate for observed declines in genetic variation. A slight decrease in genetic variability was evident from marsh to dune subpopulations. However, since the differences in genetic variation among subpopulations were small, and disparities did occur, it is unlikely that evolutionary divergence is retarded primarily by a lack of genetic variability in the characters considered. Evidence is presented to indicate that evolutionary divergence among subpopulations may be retarded by negative or unfavorable correlations among characters being selected simultaneously. These negative correlations may increase extinction probabilities in small peripheral populations, such as those represented by the dune or swale, and are likely to lower fitness. Based on these observations, I hypothesize that further microevolution may be retarded in peripheral dune and swale subpopulations, primarily by unfavorable genetic correlation structures among fitness components or characters under simultaneous selection. Contributing factors may include lowered genetic variance and higher levels of phenotypic plasticity.
The Banach-Tarski Paradox

(1979). The Banach-Tarski Paradox. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 86, No. 3, pp. 151-161.
Hydrogen generation by hangman metalloporphyrins.

A cobalt(II) hangman porphyrin with a xanthene backbone and a carboxylic acid hanging group catalyzes the electrochemical production of hydrogen from benzoic and tosic acid in acetonitrile solutions. We show that CoIIH is exclusively involved in the generation of H2 from weak acids. In a stronger acid, a CoIIIH species is observed electrochemically, but it still needs to be further reduced to CoIIH before H2 generation occurs. Overpotentials for H2 generation are lowered as a result of the hangman effect.
Correlation Between Standard Upper Extremity Impairment Measures and Activity-based Function Testing in Upper Extremity Cerebral Palsy.

Background:Although the treatment of cerebral palsy should be based on improving function as assessed by measures of impairment, activity, and participation, the standard indications for surgical treatment of upper extremity cerebral palsy (UECP) are impairment measures, primarily active and passive
Toward a General Theory of Competitive Rationality

The author develops a theory of competitive rationality that proposes a firm's success depends on the imperfect procedural rationality of its marketing planners. Theories of economic psychology and...
The Meaning of Bush v. Gore

The first section of this paper comments on a paper by Edward N. Foley, in which Professor Foley proposes a taxonomy for analyzing and evaluating actual and potential challenges to electoral practices under Bush v. Gore. The second section, which is the core of the paper, proposes an interpretation of Bush v. Gore based on a close reading treating the per curiam opinion as an integrated explanation of a result rather than taking particular statements out of context. The opinion is shown to be coherent. It is not "limited to its facts" and it does not attempt to negate any precedential effect, as many scholars have claimed. Two factors are crucial to the holding: (1) There was a disparate treatment of identical items of evidence in a judicial proceeding, and (2) the evidence treated inconsistently bore on the fundamental right to vote. The holding of the case is applicable only when those factors are present. However, the third and final section of the paper proposes a taxonomy, different from Foley's, for determining Bush v. Gore's possible influence in cases that are analogous but not within the holding.
Maximizing Network Lifetime of WirelessHART Networks under Graph Routing

Industrial Wireless Sensor-Actuator Networks (WSANs) enable Internet of Things (IoT) to be incorporated in industrial plants. The dynamics of industrial environments and stringent reliability requirements necessitate high degrees of fault tolerance. WirelessHART is an important industrial standard for WSANs that have seen world-wide deployments. WirelessHART employs graph routing to enhance network reliability through multiple paths. Since many industrial devices operate on batteries in harsh environments where changing batteries is prohibitively labor-intensive, WirelessHART networks need to achieve a long network lifetime. To meet industrial demand for long-term reliable communication, this paper studies the problem of maximizing network lifetime for WirelessHART networks under graph routing. We first formulate the network lifetime maximization problem and prove it is NP-hard. Then, we propose an optimal algorithm based on integer programming, a linear programming relaxation algorithm and a greedy heuristic algorithm to prolong the network lifetime of WirelessHART networks. Experiments in a physical testbed and simulations show our algorithms can improve the network lifetime by up to 60% while preserving the reliability benefits of graph routing.
An Efficient Fluorescent Protein-Based Multifunctional Affinity Purification Approach in Mammalian Cells

Knowledge of an individual protein's modifications, binding partners, and localization is essential for understanding complex biological networks. We recently described a fluorescent protein-based (mVenus) multifunctional affinity purification (MAP) tag that can be used both to purify a given protein and determine its localization (Ma et al., Mol Cell Proteomics 11:501-511, 2012). MAP purified protein complexes can be further analyzed to identify binding partners and posttranslational modifications by LC-MS/MS. The MAP approach offers rapid FACS-selection of stable clonal cell lines based on the expression level/fluorescence of the MAP-protein fusion. The MAP tag is highly efficient and shows little variability between proteins. Here we describe the general MAP purification method in detail, and show how it can be applied to a specific protein using the human Cdc14B phosphatase as an example.
Read Range Sensitivity of Embedded RFID Tags in Commercial Tires

ABSTRACT: Radiofrequency (RFID) identification is a commonly used technology in retail stores, highway toll payment transceivers, payment cards for mass transit systems, electronic access cards for office buildings, and many other applications. The use of RFID in tires can increase efficiencies of tracking manufacturing, distribution, retreading, and tire usage, resulting in reduced costs. Previous research has shown difficulty in obtaining a useful read range from RFID tags in tires, although most of these studies have involved passenger car tires that do not have steel body plies. In this work, commercially available RFID tags with helical dipole antennas were embedded into commercial tires of four different sizes. The difference in size between the largest and smallest tire used was 10%. These commercial tires have steel belts as well as steel body plies. Other than dimensions, all of the tires had identical tire constructions and used the same rubber compounds. Identical tags were embedded at the same...
Application of the Cumulative Wavenumber Approach for Modeling Radiative Transfer in H2O Under Non-Isothermal and Non-Homogeneous Conditions

Recently, the cumulative wavenumber approach was formulated and its viability demonstrated in predictions of radiative heat transfer in high temperature CO2 . The approach allows for local spectrum correlation, rather than full-spectrum correlation as commonly done previously. This work reports on the generation of cumulative wavenumber data for H2 O, and explores solutions using the cumulative wavenumber approach for water vapor (balance nitrogen) in homogeneous/non-isothermal media, and extends the technique to non-homogeneous/non-isothermal scenarios. Model predictions are compared with rigorous line-by-line benchmark integration of the Radiative Transfer Equation, with the same spectral database (HITEMP) used in both model and line-by-line benchmark predictions.© 2002 ASME
Democracy and New Communication Technologies

The communication discipline has harbored a long interest in the relationship between communication technology and democracy. In this review, we assess the literature addressing this relationship in the context of new communication technologies. We begin by exploring the way that causal claims have been conceptualized and go on to consider 5 “root theses” that represent the major currents of thought that flow through this literature. Each of the five root theses is itself an umbrella for a cluster of similar hypotheses: decentralization-centralization, information access, interactional access, liberal democracy, and deliberative democracy. We then consider how these theses are implicated in four major sites of theorizing about the democratizing effects of new technologies—the interpersonal, organizational, government-political, and community networking contexts.
Assessment of computer-mediated module intervention in a pharmacy calculations course

Computer module intervention is the process of exposing students to a series of discrete exercises for the purpose of strengthening students’ familiarity with conceptual material. The method has been suggested as a remedy to student under-preparedness. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of module intervention in improving and equalizing students’ module assessment and comprehensive final exam grade outcomes in a pharmacy calculations course. Pharmacy students encountered computer module exercises in a self-directed manner. Computer module and grade data were analyzed with respect to academic preparation and class cohort. Computer module scoring performance did not differ among students with respect to academic preparation. A difference in course final exam outcome was observed with respect to class cohort despite the use of module intervention. Despite similar performance on computer module exercises regardless of student academic background, computer module intervention did not result in an equalization of comprehensive final examination outcomes in pharmacy calculations. Consideration of instructional organization and potential constraints to self-directed learning are important to maximizing performance outcomes when using technology enhanced active learning methods.
Insight into the Chemistry Skills Gap: The Duality between Expected and Desired Skills.

Results from an employer survey that examines the skills gap that exists for students majoring in chemistry are presented. Employers expect candidates with technical abilities but desire those who possess strong interprofessional skills. Although employers do not expect students to have had explicit teaching and application of interprofessional skills, employers wish that chemistry programs incorporated them. The results show which particular skills, specific to chemists and in relation to other fields, make up the skills gap and are in demand. Employers of chemistry majors utilize grade-point average as an initial metric to rank candidates, much like other STEM and non-STEM employers, but unlike most other fields, they choose candidates who have had team experiences specifically related to chemistry topics. The discussion illustrates how and when chemistry candidates can best highlight their acquired skill sets. These results will be of interest to those who develop and implement chemistry curricula and ...
Department of Justice: Elder Maltreatment Initiatives

This chapter provides an overview of some of DOJ’s efforts in the area of elder mistreatment. Research, statistics, and evaluation projects that have been funded by the National Institute of Justice and the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the research and statistics arms of DOJ, are highlighted, followed by a summary of specific project findings that have been most influential in moving the field forward or most useful to practitioners in the field. Then some of DOJ’s other policy and programmatic initiatives, including the Elder Justice Roadmap, are highlighted. At the end of the chapter there is a brief discussion of some of DOJ’s investigative and prosecutorial efforts to combat elder abuse and financial fraud targeting elderly individuals.
And Be Whole Again: Antiphony, Deprivation, and the “Not-Yet” Place of Utopia in Nathaniel Mackey’s Splay Anthem

The focus of this chapter is the imagined world that Nathaniel Mackey creates in Splay Anthem, a book-length poem that depicts a devastated urban landscape traversed by a lost band of travelers. Lagapa argues, however, that the book’s dystopian spaces, strewn with amputated bodies and beset by widespread social deprivation, unexpectedly hold the key for utopian realization. The potential for utopian social change, Lagapa contends, is encapsulated in Mackey’s repeated use of the phrase “not yet,” a negative construction that recalls the importance that Ernst Bloch places on anticipation in utopian thought. Mackey’s travelers, having “not yet” arrived, find themselves perpetually cut off from their destination, yet they continue to anticipate an end to debilitating social conditions as they seek a path toward utopia.
Bitter Sweet or Sweet Bitter?: How Valence Order and Source Identity Influence Feedback Acceptance

Content creators are less receptive to feedback with negative valence, and such feedback is frequently received online. To address this problem, we propose a novel method that orders a set of feedback based on its valence; using the feedback with positive valence to mitigate the effects of the negative valence feedback. To test the method, participants (N=270) wrote a story for children based on a given illustration and then revised their story after receiving a set of feedback. The feedback set was delivered with different valence orders and with different source identity cues. We measured participants' affective states, perceptions of the feedback and its source, revision extents, and story quality. Our main result is that presenting negative feedback last improved content creators' affective states and their perception of the feedback set relative to placing the negative feedback in other positions. This pattern was consistent across all feedback source conditions. The work contributes a simple and novel way to order a set of feedback that improves feedback receptivity.
An Internet based Questionnaire to Identify Drug Seeking Behavior in a Patient in the ED and Office

An Internet based Questionnaire to Identify Drug Seeking Behavior in a Patient in the ED and Office
World Histories in Conversation

The essay poses the question of world histories’ value relevance to historians of other fields. It provides a critical overview of the world history narratives, points out the strengths and the limits of each individual narrative and groups them into two categories: universalist and thematic. The essay then endorses the pursuit of “big questions” and megathemes in world history and proposes humanity’s relationship with change as one such megatheme. The essay then takes Russian history as an example of how internationalization of a particular historical field can contribute to and benefit from world histories’ insights.
Crime, perceived safety, and physical activity: A meta-analysis

Perceived safety from crime and objectively-measured crime rates may be associated with physical inactivity. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to estimate the odds of accumulating high levels of physical activity (PA) when the perception of safety from crime is high and when objectively-measured crime is high. Peer-reviewed studies were identified through PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest Criminal Justice, and ScienceDirect from earliest record through 2016. Included studies measured total PA, leisure-time PA, or walking in addition to perceived safety from crime or objective measures of crime. Mean odds ratios were aggregated with random effects models, and meta-regression was used to examine effects of potential moderators: country, age, and crime/PA measure. Sixteen cross-sectional studies yielded sixteen effects for perceived safety from crime and four effects for objective crime. Those reporting feeling safe from crime had a 27% greater odds of achieving higher levels of physical activity (OR=1.27 [1.08, 1.49]), and those living in areas with higher objectively-measured crime had a 28% reduced odds of achieving higher levels of physical activity (OR=0.72 [0.61, 0.83]). Effects of perceived safety were highly heterogeneous (I2=94.09%), but explored moderators were not statistically significant, likely because of the small sample size. Despite the limited number of effects suitable for aggregation, the mean association between perceived safety and PA was significant. As it seems likely that perceived lack of safety from crime constrains PA behaviors, future research exploring moderators of this association may help guide public health recommendations and interventions.
Separating grain-boundary and bulk recombination with time-resolved photoluminescence microscopy

Two-photon excitation (2PE) microscopy allows contactless and non-destructive cross-sectional analysis of grain-boundary (GB) and grain-interior (GI) properties in polycrystalline solar cells, with measurements of doping uniformity, space-charge field distribution, and carrier dynamics in different regions of the device. Using 2PE time-resolved microscopy, we analyzed charge-carrier lifetimes near the GBs and in the GI of polycrystalline thin-film CdTe solar cells doped with As. When the grain radius is larger than the minority-carrier diffusion length, GI lifetimes are interpreted as the bulk lifetimes τB, and GB recombination velocity SGB is extracted by comparing recombination rates in the GI and near GBs. In As-doped CdTe solar cells, we find τB = 1.0–2.4 ns and SGB = (1–4) × 105 cm/s. The results imply the potential to improve solar cell voltage via GB passivation and reduced recombination center concentration in the GI.
Relativistic cyclotron maser driven by an intense electron beam generator with 0.4 μs pulselength

We present high power microwave emission data from an electron cyclotron maser device driven by a long pulse (0.4 μs), high current (0.5-1 kA), relativistic ( 11 circular mode interacting with an annular electron beam generated by a velvet cathode. Results demonstrate that peak microwave power in excess of 0.6 MW can be achieved with peak electronic efficiencies in the range of 6 percent for injected currents less than 100 A. Frequency chirping upward through 7 GHz has been measured, corresponding to the drooping beam voltage. High power cyclotron maser emission has been maintained over 0.2 μs to 0.3 μs, limited primarily by generator voltage droop due to plasma diode closure. Observed rapid, spiky modulation of the microwave output power resembles mode locking behavior in conventional lasers.
Walking (and cycling) to well-being: Modal and other determinants of subjective well-being during the commute

Abstract Although transportation’s impacts on physical health are relatively well-established, the relationship between transportation and subjective well-being (SWB) has been the subject of recent focus. Policymakers attempt to improve the health and well-being of populations through interventions to improve transportation experiences and promote sustainable transport modes, while researchers studying these connections seek valid and reliable measures of SWB in the travel domain. Studies consistently find travel by walking and bicycling to be rated more positively than automobile travel, yet many use single measures of travel SWB, obscuring nuanced variations between modes. Using the results of a Portland, Oregon, survey of nearly 700 commuters, this study investigates modal differences and other potential determinants of detailed, multidimensional measures of travel SWB. Specifically, the Satisfaction with Travel Scale as well as new measurement models of travel affect (distress, fear, attentiveness, and enjoyment) and travel eudaimonia (security, autonomy, confidence, and health) are examined for variations between modes. Structural equation models predicting the latent variable constructs as a function of trip and traveler characteristics yield valuable behavioral and psychological insights. Walking and bicycling rated much higher on measures of physical and mental health, confidence, positive affect, and overall hedonic well-being, suggesting significant benefits of physically active commutes. However, cycling commuters scored higher on distress and fear and lower on security, highlighting the value of multidimensional measures of travel SWB. Enhancing the quality of the traveling experience by various modes—such as making bicycling feel safer through protected infrastructure—could significantly improve commuters’ well-being.
A Framework for Evaluating Sexual Assault Risk Reduction and Empowerment Self-Defense Programs

Abstract Evaluating sexual assault risk reduction programs is critical to understanding how these interventions are serving to decrease rates of sexual assault. In this chapter, the authors provide an introduction to program evaluation, with a particular emphasis on risk reduction, resistance education, and self-defense. Core concepts addressed in this chapter include how to use theory and research to develop evidence-based programs, and how to implement process and outcome evaluation to determine whether a program is meeting its stated goals. Examples from previously evaluated programs are presented to highlight key concepts in program evaluation. Drawing from previously evaluated resistance programs, a summary of outcome assessments commonly utilized to evaluate program effects is also provided.
Artificially induced menstrual cycle with natural estradiol and progesterone

In order to study the feasibility and efficacy of using natural 17 β -estradiol (E 2 ) and progesterone (P) to induce endometrial changes, a group of patients with history of premature ovarian failure and bilateral oophorectomy, also interested in the embryo transfer program with donor ovum, were given transdermal E 2 (Estraderm, Ciba Pharmaceutical Co., Summit, NJ), and vaginal progesterone suppositories. Serial serum E 2 , P, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone were determined by radioimmunoassays. The dosages of E 2 and P were adjusted according to the levels of E 2 and P so that their changes could follow the same pattern as that of a normal spontaneous menstrual cycle. Serial ultrasonic evaluation of the endometrium and endometrial biopsy during the late luteal phase also was performed. Preliminary data indicated that transdermal E 2 patches and vaginal P suppositories, while being as effective in inducing endometrial development for the embryo transfer procedure with donor ovum as synthetic steroids, can also provide a more physiologic approach that may conveniently and safely be extended into the second trimester of pregnancy.