cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Procaine amide-induced vacuolation in macrophages and effects on endocytic activity.

Abstract Procaine amide (3.68 m m ) induced a readily reversible vacuolation in mouse peritoneal macrophages. This vacuologenic activity was associated with an inhibition of endocytic activity of the cells. Inhibition of pinocytosis was detected by a reduction of uptake of yeast invertase by sucrose-laden macrophages. Inhibition of phagocytosis was detected by a reduction of the incorporation of sheep red blood cells by the macrophages.
From a Politics of Transgression Toward an Ethics of Reflexivity: Foucault, Bourdieu, and Academic Practice

Perhaps one day [transgression] will seem as decisive for our culture... as the experience of contradiction was at an earlier time for dialectical thought.Michel Foucault (1977, p. 33)
An adaptive reset control system for flight safety in the presence of actuator anomalies

This paper addresses the effect of actuator anomalies on flight control design, with particular emphasis on loss of effectiveness and actuator saturation. An adaptive controller with an integral action and a resetting strategy is proposed to address the actuator anomalies.We show that the stability of the closed-loop system can be guaranteed and that the controller allows a graceful degradation of the system performance in the presence of saturation. Simulations of a nonlinear transport aircraft-model are carried out to validate the proposed adaptive controller. The results show that the adaptive reset controller leads to a significantly improved performance compared to a non-adaptive controller.
Evidence for a potential protective effect of carnitine-pantothenic acid co-treatment on valproic acid-induced hepatotoxicity

Valproic acid is approved for treatment of seizures and manic episodes of bipolar disorder, and continues to be one of the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs in the world. Hepatotoxicity is a rare but serious side effect resulting from its use, particularly in young patients. This adverse effect does not display normal dose-response curves and can be lethal in children. A review of the purported mechanisms of action suggest hepatotoxicity results from increased oxidative stress, caused by a reduction in beta-oxidation and an increase in activation of certain metabolizing enzymes. There is also evidence that both carnitine and pantothenic acid are involved in the regulation of valproic acid-induced hepatotoxic processes, and clinical evidence has shown that treatment with either compound shows protective effects against hepatotoxicity. These results suggest a potential increase in protective effects with cotreatment of carnitine and pantothenic acid.
Social Media—A Virtual Pandora’s Box Prevalence, Possible Legal Liabilities, and Policies

With the increase in the use of mobile devices in the workplace, both employer supplied and personally owned, and the major role social media has begun to play in today’s world, businesses face many new challenges with their employees. Social media may be seen by some employers as a virtual Pandora’s Box. Though it may seem to hold bountiful riches, employee posts can unleash a firestorm of unforeseen challenges and consequences ranging from financial, to legal, to ethical. In looking at business use of social media, this article will discuss the prevalence of social media use, possible legal liabilities thereof, and policies to consider.
Emerging Subspecialties in Neurology: Neurorehabilitation

Since the initial Emerging Subspecialties article on neurorehabilitation was published in 2008,1 much has changed in the world and in medical practice. Veterans, athletes, and concussion patients have increased our awareness of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and neurorehabilitation has sought to optimize clinical outcomes by improving research.2 For interested trainees, there is now subspecialty certification in brain injury available, which had its inaugural examination in 2014. TBI care pathways are needed to provide the best evidence-based care and assist with managing populations in the changing landscape of health care reimbursement. This article highlights the past, present, and future of neurorehabilitation.
Smallest independent dominating sets in Kronecker products of cycles

Abstract Let k⩾2, n=2 k +1, and let m0,…,mk−1 each be a multiple of n. The graph Cm0×⋯×Cmk−1 consists of isomorphic connected components, each of which is (n−1)-regular and admits of a vertex partition into n smallest independent dominating sets. Accordingly, (independent) domination number of each connected component of this graph is equal to (1/n)th of the number of vertices in it.
Adaptive evolution of multiple-variable exons and structural diversity of drug-metabolizing enzymes.

The human genome contains a large number of gene clusters with multiple-variable-first exons, including the drug-metabolizing UDP glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1) and I-branching β-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GCNT2, also known as IGNT) clusters, organized in a tandem array, similar to that of the protocadherin (PCDH), immunoglobulin (IG), and T-cell receptor (TCR) clusters. To gain insight into the evolutionary processes that may have shaped their diversity, we performed comprehensive comparative analyses for vertebrate multiple-variable-first-exon clusters. We found that there are species-specific variable-exon duplications and mutations in the vertebrate Ugt1, Gcnt2, and Ugt2a clusters and that their variable and constant genomic organizations are conserved and vertebrate-specific. In addition, analyzing the complete repertoires of closely-related Ugt2 clusters in humans, mice, and rats revealed extensive lineage-specific duplications. In contrast to the Pcdh gene clusters, gene conversion does not play a predominant role in the evolution of the vertebrate Ugt1, Gcnt2 and Ugt2 gene clusters. Thus, their tremendous diversity is achieved through "birth-and-death" evolution. Comparative analyses and homologous modeling demonstrated that vertebrate UGT proteins have similar three-dimensional structures each with N-terminal and C-terminal Rossmann-fold domains binding acceptor and donor substrates, respectively. Molecular docking experiments identified key residues in donor and acceptor recognition and provided insight into the catalytic mechanism of UGT glucuronidation, suggesting the human UGT1A1 residue histidine 39 (H39) as a general base and the residue aspartic acid 151 (D151) as an important electron-transfer helper. In addition, we identified four hypervariable regions in the N-terminal Rossmann domain that form an acceptor-binding pocket. Finally, analyzing patterns of nonsynonymous and synonymous nucleotide substitutions identified codon sites that are subject to positive Darwinian selection at the molecular level. These diversified residues likely play an important role in recognition of myriad xenobiotics and endobiotics. Our results suggest that enormous diversity of vertebrate multiple variable first exons is achieved through birth-and-death evolution and that adaptive evolution of specific codon sites enhances vertebrate UGT diversity for defense against environmental agents. Our results also have interesting implications regarding the staggering molecular diversity required for chemical detoxification and drug clearance.
Contribution of multidomain titanomagnetite to the intensity and stability of Mars crustal magnetic anomalies

Two basalts with compositions relevant to the crusts of Mars and Earth were synthesized at igneous temperatures and held at 650°C for 21 to 257 days under quartz-fayalite-magnetite fO2 buffer conditions. The run products are germane to slowly cooled igneous intrusions, which might be a significant volumetric fraction of the Martian crust and carriers of magnetic anomalies in the Southern Highlands. Both basalts acquired intense thermoremanent magnetizations and intense but easily demagnetized anhysteretic remanent magnetizations carried by homogeneous multidomain titanomagnetite. Hypothetical intrusions on Mars composed of these materials would be capable of acquiring intense remanences sufficient to generate the observed anomalies. However, the remanence would be easily demagnetized by impact events after the cessation of the Mars geodynamo. Coercivity enhancement by pressure or formation of single domain regions via exsolution within the multidomain grains is necessary for long-term retention of a remanence carried exclusively by multidomain titanomagnetite grains.
An improved technique for development of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap

The pectoralis major myocutaneous flap is the most commonly employed muscle skin transfer used in soft-tissue reconstruction of defects of the upper neck and jaw region. This article presents conceptual and technical changes in the development of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap that preserve a greater vascular pedicle and enhance the flap's arc of rotation. Data from 54 consecutive cases using this modified approach show a reduction in complications, a greater range of use, and consistent healing in radiated and nonradiated tissues without requiring sectioning or removing the clavicle or causing significant chest deformities. These modifications have produced a more predictable transfer compared with other reported techniques.
On the thickness of soap films: an alternative to Frankel's law

The formation of soap fllms by vertical withdrawal from a bath is typically described by Frankel’s law, which assumes rigid fllm \walls" and shear-like dynamics. Since most soap fllms have interfaces that are not rigid, and as the ∞ow in the withdrawal of thin free fllms is typically extensional, we reconsider the theory of soap fllm formation. By assuming extensional ∞ow dominated by surface viscous stresses we flnd that the fllm thickness scales as the two-thirds power of the withdrawal speed U. This speed dependence is also predicted by Frankel’s law; the difierence lies in the origin of the viscous resistance which sets the pre-factor. When bulk viscous stresses are important the speed dependence can vary between U 2=3 and U 2 .
The Trafficking-Technology Nexus

Within some public policy and scholarly accounts, human trafficking is increasingly understood as a technological problem that invites collaborative anti-trafficking solutions. A growing cohort of state, non-governmental, and corporate actors in the United States have come together around the shared contention that technology functions as both a facilitator and disrupting force of trafficking, specifically sex trafficking. Despite increased attention to the trafficking-technology nexus, scant research to date has critically unpacked these shifts nor mapped how technology reconfigures anti-trafficking collaborations. In this article, we propose that widespread anxieties and overzealous optimism about technology’s role in facilitating and disrupting trafficking have simultaneously promoted a tri-part anti-trafficking response, one animated by a law and order agenda, operationalized through augmented internet, mobile, and networked surveillance, and maintained through the integration of technology experts and advocates into organized anti-trafficking efforts. We suggest that an examination of technology has purchase for students of gender, sexuality, and neoliberal governmentality in its creation of new methods of surveillance, exclusion, and expertise.
Synonymous codon usage in Drosophila melanogaster: natural selection and translational accuracy.

I present evidence that natural selection biases synonymous codon usage to enhance the accuracy of protein synthesis in Drosophila melanogaster. Since the fitness cost of a translational misincorporation will depend on how the amino acid substitution affects protein function, selection for translational accuracy predicts an association between codon usage in DNA and functional constraint at the protein level. The frequency of preferred codons is significantly higher at codons conserved for amino acids than at nonconserved codons in 38 genes compared between D. melanogaster and Drosophila virilis or Drosophila pseudoobscura (Z = 5.93, P
A new efficient simulation strategy for pricing path-dependent options

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it serves to describe a new strategy, called Structured Database Monte Carlo (SDMC), for efficient Monte Carlo simulation. Its second aim is to show how this approach can be used for efficient pricing of path-dependent options via simulation. We use efficient simulation of a sample of path-dependent options to illustrate the application of SDMC. Extensions to other path-dependent options are straightforward.
Low-Noise Parametric Resonant Amplifier

We propose a resonant parametric amplifier with an enhanced noise performance by exploiting the noise-squeezing effect. Noise squeezing occurs through the phase-sensitive amplification process and suppresses one of the two quadrature components of the input noise. When the input signal is only in the direction of the nonsuppressed quadrature component, squeezing can lower that noise figure by almost 3 dB. The resonant structure of the proposed amplifier is inspired by a Fabry-Perot laser amplifier to achieve the squeezing effect using a low number of LC elements. We design and simulate the proposed noise-squeezing parametric amplifier in a conventional 65-nm CMOS process. A minimum noise-squeezing factor of -0.35 dB is achieved with a signal gain of 26 dB for one quadrature component of a 10-GHz narrow-band signal.
Effect of Relaxin on Cervical Dilatation, Parturition and Lactation in the Pig

Porcine rela.xin (600 U/day) was injected i.m. into intact and luteectomized Yorkshire pigs late in gestation in an attempt to elucidate physiological roles of relaxin in cervical dilatation, parturition and lactation. Porcine relaxin, given daily beginning either 105 or 107 days after mating and before surgical enucleation of corpora lutea (luteectomy) on Day 110, significantly a) induced premature cervical dilatation, b) decreased the interval from surgery to delivery of the first neonate and c) reduced duration of delivery of all neonates in the litter compared with those parameters in luteectomized controls. Exogenous relaxin did not reduce peripheral serum progesterone concentrations and endogenous relaxin activity of the corpora lutes during late pregnancy. Although porcine corpora lutea secrete progesterone and accumulate rela.xin after a prolonged period in hysterectomized pigs, there was no indication that exogenous relaxin reduced ovarian progesterone secretion. Lactation was reduced severely in intact and luteectomized dams given porcine relaxin during an extended period in late pregnancy and resulted in a severe reduction in litter survival to weaning.
Artificial Selection for Increased Maternal Defense Behavior in Mice

Maternal aggression is directed towards intruders by lactating females and is critical for defense of offspring. Within-family selection for increased maternal defense in outbred house mice (Mus domesticus; Hsd:ICR strain) was applied to one selected (S) line, using total duration of attacks in a 3-min test as the selection criterion. One control (C) line was maintained and both lines were propagated by 13 families in each generation. Prior to selection, heritability of maternal aggression was estimated to be 0.61 based on mother-offspring regression. Duration of attacks responded to selection with a mean realized heritability of 0.40 (corrected for within-family selection) after eight generations. At generation 5, the S and C line also differed significantly for litter size at birth and at mid-lactation (both lower in S), average individual pup mass at mid-lactation (higher in S), and pup retrieval latency (longer in S), but not for other maternal measures that we studied (e.g., dam mass). Additionally, number of entries to middle and closed plus maze compartments was significantly higher in S mice in Generation 5. This is the first study to select for high maternal defense and these mice will be made available as a tool for understanding the genetic and neural basis of maternal aggression.
Visualizing the Dynamics of EGFR Activity and Antiglioma Therapies In vivo

Many altered pathways in cancer cells depend on growth factor receptors. In primary malignant gliomas, the amplification/alteration of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been shown to play a significant role in enhancing glioma burden. In an effort to dissect the role of EGFR expression in glioma progression in vivo and evaluate targeted therapies for gliomas, we have genetically engineered glioma cells to visualize the dynamics of EGFR and targeted therapies in real time in vivo. Using engineered lentiviral vectors bearing fusions between EGFR and its exon 2 to 7 deleted variant (EGFRvIII) with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and Renilla luciferase (Rluc), we show that there is a direct correlation between EGFR expression and glioma cell proliferation in the initial stages of glioma progression. To monitor and evaluate EGFR-targeted therapies, we have engineered (a) short hairpin RNAs (shRNA) and (b) clinically used monoclonal antibody, cetuximab. Using EGFR-GFP-Rluc/firefly luciferase (Fluc)-DsRed2 glioma model, we show that both shRNAs and cetuximab result in a considerable reduction in glioma cell proliferation in culture and glioma burden in vivo that can be monitored in real time at a cellular resolution. This study serves as a template to follow the role of growth factor receptor expression in tumor progression and to image therapeutic efficacy of targeted therapies in cancer.
Intra-Peritoneal Administration of Interleukin-1β Induces Impaired Insulin Release from the Perfused Rat Pancreas

Previous studies have demonstrated a stimulatory effect of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) on insulin and glucagon release from the perfused rat pancreas, accompanied by selective lysis of 20% of β-cells as assessed by electronmicroscopy. However, we have not observed an inhibitory action of IL-1β on insulin release from the perfused pancreas as shown for isolated islets. To test whether periodical exposure of the endocrine pancreas to circulating IL-1β in vivo affects insulin release from the intact perfused pancreas, rats were treated with daily intraperitoneal injections of 4 μg IL-1β/kg or saline for 5 days. On day 5 the pancreata were isolated 2 h after the last injection and perfused from 0 to 72 min with 11 mmol/l D-glucose and from 72 to 84 min with 20 mmol/l D-glucose. Saline or IL-1β was added from 12 to 72 min.In pancreata from animals pre-treated with IL-1β glucose-stimulated as well as IL-1β potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin release was almost completely abolished. Furthermore, a decline in insul...
Enhancing dependability through redundancy in military vehicular clouds

The phenomenal success of cloud computing has inspired researchers to introduce the concept of a vehicular cloud (VC). In this work we introduce the concept of a military vehicular cloud (MVC) that specializes VCs to low/controlled mobility situations. Specifically, we envision a MVC involving either parked vehicles or vehicles that move in formation so that the relative distance between neighboring vehicles is, essentially, the same. This is a scenario that applies to military units deployed in support of a tactical mission. We anticipate that the vehicles in the MVC are provided with a wireless connection to an (often mobile) access point which, in turn, is connected in some fashion to a central server. A key difference between MVCs and conventional clouds lies, in addition to mobility, in the unpredictable availability of computational resources. As vehicles enter the MVC, new computational resources become available; when vehicles depart, their onboard resources depart as well, creating a volatile environment where ensuring dependability is a major challenge. Our main contribution is to enhance the dependability of MVCs through a family of redundancy-based job assignment strategies that mitigates the effect of resource volatility in MVCs. We offer a theoretical prediction of the mean time to failure (MTTF) of these strategies. Extensive simulations have confirmed the accuracy of our predictions.
How WWII and the old Turkish mass standard led a Greek to a scientific career.

Costa Georgopoulos, Research Professor, Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah.I was born in a small village near Olympia, on the western coast of Peloponnese, Greece, destined to become a ...
Uptake of alpha-methylglucoside by normal and diabetic human jejunal mucosa.

Abstract Uptake of the nonmetabolized glucose analogue, alpha-methylglucoside, was studied in jejunal mucosa from 7 nondiabetic controls and from 5 patients with juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus following a short period of insulin deprivation (12 to 16 hours). Kinetic characteristics determined for alpha-methylglucoside transport closely resemble those for glucose in the human intestine. Uptake over a prolonged incubation and kinetic characteristics were identical in mucosa from both the control and diabetic groups. These results do not parallel the prior in vivo observation of a modest increase in glucose absorption by human diabetic patients, nor the conclusions derived from in vitro studies with the use of other actively absorbed substances in experimental diabetic animals.
Quantifying the binding strength of salicylaldoxime–uranyl complexes relative to competing salicylaldoxime–transition metal ion complexes in aqueous solution: a combined experimental and computational study

The design of new ligands and investigation of UO22+ complexations are an essential aspect of reducing the cost of extracting uranium from seawater, improving the sorption efficiency for uranium and the selectivity for uranium over competing ions (such as the transition metal cations). The binding strengths of salicylaldoxime–UO22+ complexes were quantified for the first time and compared with the binding strengths of salicylic acid–UO22+ and representative amidoxime–UO22+ complexes. We found that the binding strengths of salicylaldoxime–UO22+ complexes are ∼2–4 log β2 units greater in magnitude than their corresponding salicylic acid–UO22+ and representative amidoxime–UO22+ complexes; moreover, the selectivity of salicylaldoxime towards the UO22+ cation over competing Cu2+ and Fe3+ cations is far greater than those reported for salicylic acid and glutarimidedioxime in the literature. The higher UO22+ selectivity can likely be attributed to the different coordination modes observed for salicylaldoxime–UO22+ and salicylaldoxime–transition metal complexes. Density functional theory calculations indicate that salicylaldoxime can coordinate with UO22+ as a dianion species formed by η2 coordination of the aldoximate and monodentate binding of the phenolate group. In contrast, salicylaldoxime coordinates with transition metal cations as a monoanion species via a chelate formed between phenolate and the oxime N; the complexes are stabilized via hydrogen bonding interactions between the oxime OH group and phenolate. By coupling the experimentally determined thermodynamic constants and the results of theoretical computations, we are able to derive a number of ligand design principles to further improve the UO22+ cation affinity, and thus further increase the selectivity of salicylaldoxime derivatives.
Implementing Smart Infusion Pumps at Kaiser Permanente

In 2011–12, in accordance with a nationwide, standardized approach, Kaiser Permanente replaced approximately 17,000 large-volume pumps with smart infusion pumps, which offered more robust safety features, the promise of wireless connectivity, and the ability to gather continuous quality improvement data. This case study outlines our implementation efforts and describes the challenges and rewards of converting to a smart infusion pump, including wireless issues, supportrelated challenges, and leveraging quality data to improve the safety and usefulness of the pump. This article describes the interdisciplinary approach used to address challenges, the steps followed to meet those challenges, and the benefits realized through the adoption of smart pumps.
School Racial Composition and Parental Choice: New Evidence on the Preferences of White Parents in the United States

Racial segregation remains a persistent problem in U.S. schools. In this article, we examine how social psychological factors—in particular, individuals’ perceptions of schools with varying demogra...
Transforming Municipal Boards into Accountable, High-Performing Teams: Toward a Diagnostic Model of Governing Board Effectiveness: Organizational Learning Mechanisms: A Structural-Cultural Approach to Organizational Learning

This article addresses the question of how municipal governing boards can make themselves accountable to higher standards of performance. There are many mechanisms that ensure accountability of administrators to governing bodies, but other than elections, how are members of governing bodies held accountable for their performance? Using an organization development (OD) perspective, the authors report the results of an empirical study of 32 northern Illinois municipal governing boards, based on a sample of 150 board members. An index of governing board effectiveness (GBE) is constructed and then tested against characteristics of small group behavior that should promote small group performance. Evidence is found to support the hypotheses that effective work group design, regenerative interpersonal relations, board-staff relations, and specific work group processes all significantly associate with GBE. These findings lend empirical support to the use of the GBE measures as tools for diagnosing and targeting s...
Interligand Electron Transfer in Heteroleptic Ruthenium(II) Complexes Occurs on Multiple Time Scales

The time-dependent localization of the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited states of ruthenium(II) complexes containing 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) ligands was studied by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Time-resolved anisotropy measurements indicate that the excited state hops randomly among the three ligands of each complex by subpicosecond interligand electron transfer (ILET). Although the bpy- and phen-localized 3MLCT states have similar energies and steady-state emission spectra, pronounced differences in their excited-state absorption spectra make it possible to observe changes in excited state populations using magic angle transient absorption measurements. Analysis of the magic angle signals shows that the excited electron is equally likely to be found on any of the three ligands approximately 1 ps after excitation, but this statistical distribution subsequently evolves to a Boltzmann distribution with a time constant of approximately 10 ps. The ap...
Differences between the Plasma Indocyanine Green Disappearance Rates of Normal Men and Women

Indocyanine green (ICG), a water-soluble tricarbocyanine dye, is rapidly removed from the circulation by the liver and secreted into the bile without conjugation (1–3). Currently, its major medical use is for indicator dilution studies during cardiac catheterization. However, its rapid excretion via the liver without significant extrahepatic removal (1–4) or enterohepatic circulation (1, 3) and freedom from the problems of local tissue necrosis or anaphyllaxis, which may occur with sulfobromophthalein (5), have prompted the increasing use of plasma ICG disappearance curves as a test of liver function. The most commonly used format for this purpose involves determination of the plasma fractional disappearance rate (k) or half-life (T1/2) of ICG following the rapid intravenous injection of dye at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg body weight.We present the results of plasma ICG disappearance studies in a large group of young, healthy normal volunteer subjects. The data unexpectedly indicate a significant difference in th...
Sudden Death: A Federal Trial Judge's Reflections on the ABA Guidelines for the Appointment and Performance of Defense Counsel in Death Panalty Cases

An experienced federal district judged discuss the role of the ABA Guidelines for the Appointment Performance of Defense Counsel in Death Penalty Cases. This includes his personal experiences from two lengthy federal death penalty trials where both defendants received the death penalty. The Guidelines were even more crucial in a 18 trial day, 28 U.S.C. 2255 proceeding, where the judge granted an new penalty phase re-trial based, in part, on significant ineffective assistance of counsel for many violations of the Guidelines and the 6th Amendment. It is a sad narrative of what can go wrong when the Guidelines are not scroupsly followed and the benefits the Guidelines to all involved in the death penalty process.
Assessing Mental Rotation Ability in a Virtual Environment with an Oculus Rift

Many studies have found gender differences in mental rotation ability in young adults when completing mental rotation tests on paper and pencil (e.g., Peters et al., 1995; Vandenberg & Kuse, 1978). Two previous studies have been unable to replicate these findings when testing mental rotation ability inside of a virtual environment (Parsons et al., 2004; Rizzo et al., 2001). We created a new virtual mental rotation test (VMRT) based on a full, validated test of mental rotation ability (MRT-A; Peters et al., 1995) that 128 participants (79 females) completed while wearing an Oculus Rift DK1. Our data replicate previous findings of paper and pencil tests of mental rotation ability: men scored approximately one standard deviation higher (d = .90) than women.
Sociology as a Strategy of Support for Long-Term Unemployed Workers

In recent years workers in the United States have become increasingly vulnerable to spells of long-term unemployment, which are often accompanied by self-devaluation and the internalization of stigma. The existing literature consistently finds that dominant self-help career support institutions activate individualistic cultural narratives that obscure the shared and structural determinants of career challenges and often intensify the self-stigmatization and emotional toll of long-term unemployment. This paper examines an alternative approach to support based on sociologically-informed discourses and practices. Drawing on in-depth interviews of long-term unemployed white-collar workers who received such support we explore whether and how sociologically-informed support practices can reduce self-stigmatization and help workers confront the challenges posed by long-term unemployment. We show that self-stigmatization is not an inevitable outcome of unemployment in the American cultural context, and that the application of a sociologically-informed approach to support can activate narratives focused on the shared and structural roots of unemployment. The activation of such narratives counteracts the debilitating internalization of stigma and generates what we call a “re-valuation” of the self. Beyond long-term unemployment, the findings in this paper suggest broader benefits to American workers from institutions that foster a sociological imagination for contextualizing employment-related challenges.
Dermal γδ T-Cells Can Be Activated by Mitochondrial Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns.

Background Gamma delta T-cells have been shown to be important to the early immunoinflammatory response to injury, independent of infection. This unique T-cell population acts to regulate cell trafficking and the release of cytokines and growth factors. We propose this sterile inflammatory response is in part associated with damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) generated by major injury, such as burn, and mediated via toll-like receptors (TLRs). It is unknown whether DAMPs can activate resident γδ T-cells that reside in skin. Methods Gamma delta T-cells were isolated from the skin of male C57BL/6 mice by enzymatic digestion. Mitochondrial DAMPs (MTDs) were generated from mitochondria isolated from mouse livers by sonication and centrifugation. Dermal γδ T-cells were incubated with MTDs (0–500 μg/ml) for 24 hr and cells and supernatants were collected for analysis. Results MTDs activated dermal γδ T-cells, as evidenced by increased TLR2 and TLR4 expression following in vitro exposure. MTDs also induced the production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6), and growth factors (PDGF and VEGF) by γδ T-cells. Conclusions These findings herein support the concept that MTDs released after tissue/cellular injury are capable of activating dermal γδ T-cells. We propose that the activation of this unique T-cell population is central in the initiation of sterile inflammation and also contributes to the subsequent healing processes.
Gobierno Corporativo para un Nuevo Entorno: Ajuste de Propiedad y Organización en un Mercado Integrado .

Las operaciones multinacionales en Latinoamerica –ya sean de propiedad extranjera o local– experimentaron un cambio espectacular en su entorno durante la decada de 1990. Partiendo de un mundo en el que cada pais estaba virtualmente aislado de sus vecinos, una serie de profundos cambios politicos favorecieron una significativa liberalizacion economica, incluyendo politicas de integracion de mercados tanto a escala regional como a escala global. Las empresas que historicamente habian estado operando en el marco de una estructura gubernamental (con cada sucursal dedicada exclusivamente a su propio mercado y protegida por solidas barreras comerciales y de inversion) se vieron obligadas a modificar sus estructuras operativas, de propiedad y de gestion para poder sobrevivir y prosperar. Las dificultades asociadas a estos cambios fueron evidentes y muchas empresas y propietarios no lograron adoptar las estructuras de gobierno necesarias para facilitar el cambio. Si se comparan las empresas multinacionales con las empresas multilatinas, las diferencias son significativas en su enfoque y en la sugerencia de la necesidad de que estas ultimas aceleren sus inversiones en gestion.
Abstract 156: Integrated exome and transcriptome sequencing of primary lung cancers and paired distant metastases

Background: The precise molecular mechanisms underlying metastasis of nonsmall cell lung cancers (NSCLC) are largely unknown. Two recent studies comparing genomic landscapes of primary NSCLC tumors and paired brain metastases suggested branched evolution, where all metastatic and primary tumors shared a common ancestor yet continued to evolve independently. The integrated genomic and transcriptomic profiles of primary NSCLC and metastases have not been studied in any details. Methods: We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of surgically resected primary tumors and paired distant metastases from 7 patients with NSCLC. Results: Totally, 6,945 somatic mutations, including 1,702 non-silent (stop-gain, stop-loss, frameshift, splicing site and nonsynonymous) mutations were identified by WES. Metastases trended to have larger mutation burdens compared to paired primary tumors, although the difference was not statistically different (average 595 mutations per tumor in primary tumors versus 852 mutations per tumor in metastases, respectively, p = 0.54). On average, 51% of all mutations (24% to 93%) were shared between primary tumors and metastases. We identified 14 canonical cancer gene mutations in this cohort of patients, defined as mutations that lead to amino acid changes identical to those found previously in cancer genes or disrupting mutations in tumor suppressor genes, all of which were shared between primary tumors and paired distant metastases. In addition, metastases resembled paired primary NSCLC tumors closely in regard to somatic copy number aberration profiles and mutation signatures. Pathway analysis from RNA-seq data demonstrated that 25 of the 35 signal transduction pathways that were significantly down regulated in metastases relative to primary NSCLC tumors were related to immune activation. Validation study with a larger patient cohort is in progress. Conclusions: Although branched evolution is a common phenomenon during metastasis of NSCLC, majority of canonical cancer gene mutations are probably early molecular events likely acquired before metastasis initiates. Mutation mechanism may be determined early during carcinogenesis and preserved during cancer evolution even at the metastatic sites. Immune suppression may be one characteristic feature of cancer cells of metastatic capacity. Citation Format: Jianjun Zhang, Chia-Chin Wu, Jianhua Zhang, Junya Fujimoto, Xingzhi Song, Xizeng Mao, Huadong Sun, Sahil Seth, Rebecca Thornton, Marcus Coyle, Latasha Little, Curtis Gumbs, Carmen Behrens, Chi-Wan Chow, Erik Sulman, Ganesh Rao, Stephen Swisher, Ignacio Wistuba, John Heymach, Andrew Futreal, Daniel Gomez. Integrated exome and transcriptome sequencing of primary lung cancers and paired distant metastases. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 156.
Abstract P114: Mas Receptor Deficiency Increases Diastolic Blood Pressure and Reduces Cardiac Function in Obese Female Mice

Objective: We recently demonstrated that protection of female mice from obesity-induced hypertension was associated with increased plasma concentrations of angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)). Ang-(1-7) is a ligand for Mas receptors (MasR), where the peptide has been reported to promote endothelial release of nitric oxide and reduce blood pressure. In this study, we hypothesized that MasR deficiency will abolish protection of female high fat (HF)-fed mice from the development of obesity-induced hypertension. Methods and Results: Female (8 weeks, C57BL/6) wild type (MasR+/+) and whole body MasR deficient mice (MasR-/-) were fed a HF diet (60% Kcal as fat) for 16 weeks. MasR deficiency had no effect on the development of obesity or glucose intolerance in HF-fed female mice. At week 16 of HF feeding, blood pressure was quantified by radiotelemetry. Deficiency of MasR resulted in a significant decrease in pulse pressures of HF-fed females (24hr average: MasR+/+, 37.7 ± 1.5 mmHg; MasR-/-, 33.1 ± 1.0 mmHg; P<0.05). Diastolic blood pressures (DBP) of HF-fed female MasR-/- mice were modestly elevated during the night cycle compared to controls (DBP night: MasR+/+, 91.5 ± 2.0 mmHg; MasR-/-, 96.6 ± 1.3 mmHg; P=0.06). However, systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and heart rate were not significantly different between genotypes. Assessment of left ventricular function by ultrasound demonstrated significant reductions in stroke volume (MasR+/+, 44.3 ± 1.6 μl; MasR-/-, 36.3 ± 2.1 μl), ejection fraction (MasR+/+, 57.1 ± 1.2; MasR-/-, 50.1 ± 2.7%) and fractional shortening (MasR+/+, 29.7 ± 0.8; MasR-/-, 25.3 ± 1.7%) in HF-fed MasR-/- females compared to controls. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that MasR deficiency promotes elevated diastolic blood pressures and reduced cardiac function in obese female mice, suggesting that the Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis protects females from obesity-hypertension. Moreover, these results suggest that MasR agonists may be effective therapies for obesity-associated cardiovascular conditions.
Examining the Role Mentorship Plays in the Development of Athletic Training Preceptors.

Context: Mentorship has been identified as a contributor to the socialization of athletic training preceptors. Understanding how mentorship occurs and contributes to preceptor development may help ...
MDB: A Metadata Tracking Microcontroller Micro-Database

This work in progress explores a database designed to enable data sharing on custom hardware data collection devices and prototypes. Projects and systems are frequently based on the Arduino framework, examples include ODK's FoneAstra [3], the Open Energy Monitor [7], and the Grove system of sensors [5]. The Arduino platform is targeted because of its ease of use, community support, and low cost as a data collecting device compared to other off-the-shelf sensors. However, there is a need for a framework suitable for microcontrollers that enable ease of integration into other data collection systems. This includes the ability to synchronize data with collection and aggregation devices designed to work offline as well as the ability to track sensors and describe data sources for other machines and users. To address the issue, we propose a solution based on an existing small database usable on the Arduino platform that would integrate into the Mezuri [6] data collection system. The database is designed to fit within the running memory constraints on a microcontroller to store sensor data with relatively few fields per reading on flash media. This framework, with explicit support for metadata, enables users in emerging regions to directly measure physical quantities as well as indirectly measure human behavior in future development projects involving direct sensing. The database can be used by a non-expert. In particular, we investigate the qualities that a technically inclined social scientist would look for when storing such data on microcontrollers. To enable Mezuri integration we will support metadata as a first class object accessible with additional utility functions and native synchronization support.
Angular momentum effects in subbarrier fusion of Mo-64

Angular momentum distributions ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{l}$ for the compound nucleus $^{164}\mathrm{Yb}$ were deduced from measurements of \ensuremath{\gamma}-ray multiplicity for all significant evaporation residues from fusion of $^{64}\mathrm{Ni}$ and $^{100}\mathrm{Mo}$. At the lowest bombarding energies the ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{l}$ extend to higher l values than do predictions of barrier-penetration models that include coupling of the principal inelastic channels, even if the coupling strengths are increased to match the experimental excitation function. Likewise, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{l}$ from a real potential with an energy-dependent shape fitted to the excitation function fails to reproduce the experimental ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{l}$ distribution. Better success is achieved with models in which fusion occurs at large distances.
Effects of Cold Showers on Circulation of Conditioned and Non-Conditioned Men

Abstract One group of nine well-conditioned athletes and one group of nine non-conditioned students, aged 19–25, were tested as to the effects of cold showers on the blood pressure and pulse rate measurements before and following exercise. The exercise consisted of three consecutive one-minute step tests at the rate of 30 steps per minute. There were differences between the groups in that the conditioned men recovered faster from the exercise regardless of showers. The cold showers affected the conditioned group more than the non-conditioned with respect to recovery pulse rates and systolic blood pressures. The diastolic blood pressures were not affected by showers.
Language shift, endangerment and prestige: Kriol and Garifuna in Hopkins, Belize

This paper examines a scenario of possible language shift in the multilingual village of Hopkins, where the two most commonly used languages are both ‘minority’ languages: Garifuna, now endangered in many of the communities where it was once spoken, and Belizean Creole (Kriol), an unofficial national lingua franca in Belize. It offers a qualitative examination of beliefs about the three primary languages spoken in the community (Garifuna, Kriol, and English) with data gathered from sociolinguistic interviews and surveys in four rural Garifuna communities in Belize. It situates these findings on the social evaluation of Garifuna and Kriol socio-historically by examining them alongside the recent history of language planning for Garifuna and Kriol in Belize.
Parallel iterative methods for a finite family of sequences of nearly nonexpansive mappings in Hilbert spaces

In this paper, we propose some new parallel iterative methods by the hybrid and shrinking projection to find a common fixed point of a finite family of sequences of nearly nonexpansive mappings in Hilbert spaces when the domain C satisfies $${{\mathrm{diam}}}(C)<\infty $$ . We also give some applications of our main results for the problem of finding a common fixed point of nonexpansive mappings, nonexpansive semi-groups, the problem of finding a common zero point of monotone operators, the system of generalized mixed equilibrium problems and the system of variational inequalities without the condition $${{\mathrm{diam}}}(C)<\infty $$ . Three numerical examples also are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Possible use of a H3R antagonist for the management of nonmotor symptoms in the Q175 mouse model of Huntington's disease.

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor as well as nonmotor symptoms for which there is currently no cure. The Q175 mouse model of HD recapitulates many of the symptoms identified in HD patients including disruptions of the sleep/wake cycle. In this study, we sought to determine if the daily administration of the histamine-3 receptor (H3R) antagonist/inverse agonist 6-[(3-cyclobutyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepin-7-yl)oxy]-N-methyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide hydrochloride (GSK189254) would improve nonmotor symptoms in the Q175 line. This class of drugs acts on autoreceptors found at histaminergic synapses and results in increased levels of histamine (HA). HA is a neuromodulator whose levels vary with a daily rhythm with peak release during the active cycle and relatively lower levels during sleep. H3Rs are widely expressed in brain regions involved in cognitive processes and activation of these receptors promotes wakefulness. We administered GSK189254 nightly to homozygote and heterozygote Q175 mice for 4 weeks and confirmed that the plasma levels of the drug were elevated to a therapeutic range. We demonstrate that daily treatment with GSK189254 improved several behavioral measures in the Q175 mice including strengthening activity rhythms, cognitive performance and mood as measured by the tail suspension test. The treatment also reduced inappropriate activity during the normal sleep time. The drug treatment did not alter motor performance and coordination as measured by the challenging beam test. Our findings suggest that drugs targeting the H3R system may show benefits as cognitive enhancers in the management of HD.
Procrastinators and Clutter: An Ecological View of Living with Excessive “Stuff”

In the present study, young adults (n = 346; M age = 21.5 years old) completed self-reported measures of procrastination, self-identity with possessions, clutter, place attachment, and psychological home to provide an ecological understanding of the context in which chronic procrastinators live. Results found behavioral procrastination tendencies related only to clutter (a belief that living spaces have too much “stuff,” feeling overwhelmed with excessive possessions, and that one’s personal life is negatively impacted by many possessions). Clutter in one’s living space, negative emotions, and impaired social ability all predicted high procrastination scores. Clutter was the best predictor of procrastination as determined by multiple regression. Taken together, chronic procrastinators reported too much clutter (possessions, or stuff), and that clutter interferes with a strong quality of their lives.