cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Depressed Mood in Class III Obesity Predicted by Weight-Related Stigma

Greater depressed mood in Class III obese surgery-seeking clients may be due to weightrelated stigma, weight-related physical disability (e.g. mobility) or the presence of binge-eating (BE). 60 Class III obese surgery-seeking adults were administered the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), weight-related physical disability (IWQOL-PF) and another weight-related stigma (IWQOL-PD), and assessed for BE (SCID-1 or Questionnaire of Eating and Weight Patterns) before surgery. In a hierarchical regression analysis, BMI, gender, and age of obesity onset did not account for a significant portion of the variance in BDI scores in the first step. The second step of the model was statistically significant (F(3,53)––.469, P–lt;–.000), accounting for 33.6% of the variance in BDI scores. IWQOLPD scores were the only significant predictor of BDI scores (b––.518, P––.001), and this independently contributed to 32.6% of the variance in BDI scores. This suggests that depressed mood seen in Class III obese surgery-seeking individuals may be most related to weight-related stigma rather than BE status, or weight-related physical disability.
Stress and Coping of Volunteers Counseling the Dying and Bereaved

The stress and coping experience of forty-five community volunteers who have counseled dying clients and their families for three to thirty-five months is reported. Many volunteers joined SHANTI having experienced the death of a significant other, having a positive view of their friends/family, and having a professional interest in counseling or a related profession. Volunteers most frequently reported turning to themselves or to the client when distressed, although they also turned to peers, friends, and family. Volunteers most frequently associated feeling of uplift (“something that makes you feel good”) with empathic contact with the client or as a result of their own evaluation of their client contact. The perception that the “social climate” of SHANTI provided training, a milieu conducive to resolving personal and counseling issues, and a common role-defined purpose seemed to be a significant factor in the stress response and coping experience of this population.
Remote sensing of snow and ice / La télédétection de neige et de glace

Abstract Monitoring of snow and ice on the Earth's surface will require increasing use of satellite remote sensing techniques. These techniques are evolving rapidly. Active and passive sensors operating in the visible, near infrared, thermal infrared, and microwave wavelengths are described in regard to general applications and in regard to specific USA or USSR satellites. Meteorological satellites (frequent images of relatively crude resolution) and Earth resources satellites such as Landsat (less frequent images of higher resolution) have been used to monitor the areal extent of seasonal snow, but problems exist with cloud cover or dense forest canopies. Snow mass (water equivalent) can be measured from a low-flying aircraft using natural radioactivity, but cannot yet be measured from satellite altitudes. A combination of active and passive microwave sensors may permit this kind of measurement, but not until more is known about radiation scattering in snow. Satellite observations are very useful in glac...
Mesh Arrays and Logician: A Tool for Their Efficient Generation

This paper introduces a standard structure for VLSI design which we call the mesh array and describes a design tool called LOGICIAN which minimizes a set of functions for realization in CMOS mesh arrays. LOGICIAN features multi-level logic synthesis through recursive enumeration of each function. Several techniques to speed-up the minimization process in LOGICIAN are described.
Comparison of the incidence of complications in open and laparoscopic pyloromyotomy: a concurrent single institution series

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence and type of technical complications seen in a concurrent series of pyloromyotomies done open and laparoscopically. Methods The medical records of all patients who underwent pyloromyotomy for congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis over a 66-month period were reviewed (n = 457). Information obtained included age, sex, weight, operating time, and intraoperative and postoperative complications. Results Four hundred fifty-seven pyloromyotomies were equivalently divided between the 2 techniques (232 laparoscopic, 225 open). Demographic characteristics and operating times were similar. There were no deaths in the series. The overall incidences of complications were similar in the 2 groups (open, 4.4%; laparoscopic, 5.6%). There was a greater rate of perforation with the open technique and a higher rate of postoperative problems including incomplete pyloromyotomy in the laparoscopic group. Conclusions The open and laparoscopic approaches have similar overall complication rates. The distribution and the type of complications differ, however.
Spontaneous Mutation: Real-Time in Living Cells

A new study provides the first direct visualization of DNA replication errors as they become mutations in living cells. After decades of post-hoc inference of mutation rates and mechanisms, a new method opens the possibility of cell-, tissue- and cancer-clone-specific mutation-rate detection and real-time visualization of transient hypermutable states in situ.
Difference between thyroidectomized and hypophysectomized animals in their hepatic ribonucleic acid response to thyroid hormone.

Previous studies in rats have established that thyroidectomy leads to a 45% reduction in total cytoplasmic and polyadenylate-containing RNA which can be completely reversed by thyroid hormone administration. Since hypothyroidism is associated with a marked deficiency of circulating pituitary GH, we undertook a series of experiments to evaluate the potential role of GH in this process. Injection of thyroidectomized animals with 0.2 IU GH/100 g BW-day for 10 days, a dosesufficient to normalize the growth rate of hypophysectomized (Hypox) animals, resulted in a significant increase in hepatic RNA content but failed to normalize the levels to euthyroid values. Thus, the effects of T4 cannot be attributed exclusively to its ability to stimulate GH in thyroidectomized animals. This conclusion was confirmed by the results of studies carried out in Hypox animals treated either with GH, as described above, or with a replacement dose of T4 (1.5 μg/100 g BW). Each hormone produced a significant though limited increa...
Cyanobacteria carrying an smt-lux transcriptional fusion as biosensors for the detection of heavy metal cations

The metal-responsivesmt operator/promoter region ofSynechococcus PCC7942 was fused to theluxCDABE genes ofVibrio fischeri. Plasmid DNA (pJLE23) carrying this fusion conferred metal ion-inducible luminescence to transformed cyanobacteria.Synechococcus PCC7942 (pJLE23) was sensitive to ZnCl2 concentrations within a range of 0.5–4 μM as demonstrated by induction of luminescence. Trace levels of CuSO4, and CdCl2 were also detected.
Fine structure of the cerebral and pygidial ocelli in Chone ecaudata (Polychaeta: Sabellidae).

Chone ecaudata, a sabellid fanworm, has a cluster of two to four ocelli embedded within each side of the brain and a pair of pygidial ocelli on the tail. Both types of ocelli have rhabdomeric (microvillar) photoreceptors. Each cerebral ocellus consists of two cells: sensory and supportive. The latter forms a pigmented cup that encloses the array of microvilli of the former. Each pygidial ocellus consists of a simple plaque of columnar, epidermal cells of three types: photoreceptoral, pigmented, and secretory. A pygidial photoreceptoral cell bears many microvilli, situated below the cuticle in a depression at the distal end of the cell, and two cilia, usually, which project vertically among the microvilli and then bend to lie beneath the cuticle. The cerebral ocelli are more complex and probably more light sensitive than the simpler, more primitive pygidial ocelli. Cerebral and integumentary ocelli are compared in polychaetes and representatives of other phyla, and their evolution is discussed.
Randomized trial of a home recovery intervention following coronary artery bypass surgery

For this study a randomized clinical trial was designed to test the effects of an early home recovery information intervention on physical functioning, psychological distress, and symptom frequency 1 month following coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). Recovery outcomes were compared between two groups: those receiving an audiotape of information on expected physical sensations and their management (Cardiac Home Information Program [CHIP]) in addition to the usual care, and those receiving the usual cardiac discharge information protocol. A nonprobability sample of 180 patients (84 women and 96 men; mean age = 62 years) was equally distributed between the two study groups. When controlling for age, comorbidity, and cardiac functional status, the results showed positive effects on physical functioning in women and psychological distress, vigor and fatigue in men. Consistent with other studies, women had worse physical functioning and more symptom frequency than men. These findings indicate that the CHIP intervention is an effective method to prepare CABG patients for home recovery. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Res Nurs Health 24: 93–104, 2001
Prevalence, incidence, and risk factors associated with hip fractures in community-dwelling older Mexican Americans: Results of the Hispanic EPESE study

OBJECTIVES: To determine the rates and risk factors associated with hip fractures in the community-dwelling older Mexican-American population. DESIGN: A prospective survey of a regional probability sample of older Mexican Americans aged 65 and over. SETTING: The 1993-1996 Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (H-EPESE), a probability sample of noninstitutionalized Mexican Americans, aged 65 and over, living in the Southwestern states of Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and California. PARTICIPANTS: In 1993-1994 and in 1995-1996, 2895 persons, aged 65 and over, considered Mexican American, were selected at baseline as a weighted probability sample. Sample weights were used to extrapolate to the estimated 498,176 older Mexican Americans residing in the Southwest US. MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported hip fracture and functional measures by in home interviews. RESULTS: Hip fracture prevalence was 4.0% at baseline. The overall incidence of hip fractures for women was 9.1 fractures/1000 person-years. The incidence rate for men was 4.8 fractures/1000 person-years. Extrapolation from these data to the entire older Mexican American population indicated that approximately 5162 new fractures occurred in the population during the 2 year study period. In women, hip fractures were associated independently with advanced age, not being married/living alone, having had a stroke, limitations with activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living. In men, only the latter limitations were associated independently with hip fracture. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that older Mexican American people may have hip fracture incidence rates that place them at highest risk among the Hispanic subgroups. In light of a sparse literature on this population, the fracture estimates derived from this work contributes to our understanding of the true fracture estimates in this population. Based on the extrapolated population rates, hip fracture in this population is a significant public health problem. Adequate preventive measures need to be implemented in this growing US population.
Seizures following intrathecal cytosine arabinoside in young children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Two young children (3 1/2 years and 19 months) developed seizures within 24 hours of receiving intrathecal cytosine arabinoside. Both had previously received intrathecal cytosine and methotrexate as well as cranial irradiation without untoward effect. Possible mechanisms of causation are discussed and caution is stressed for use of intrathecal cytosine arabinoside in young children.
Inhibition of ADH release in the rat by narcotic antagonists.

The diuretic action of two new narcotic antagonists, oxiiorphan and butorphanol, was studied in rats heterozygous for hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus. Both drugs caused a prompt increase in
Lysosomal Nature of Juxtaglomerular Granules

Demonstration by a combined histochemical and electron-microscopic technique of the ultrastructure of and acid phosphatase within the juxtaglomerular granules in kidneys of normal man and rat and in those from members of both species with renal Hypertension indicate the identity of Juxtaglomerular granules as lysosomes.
Dynamics and Control of Integrated Microchemical Systems

Abstract Microchemical systems are a new generation of miniature chemical systems that carry out chemical reactions and separations in precisely fabricated three dimensional microreactor configurations in the size range of a few microns to a few hundred microns. Typical microchemical systems combine fluid handling and reaction capabilities with electronic sensing and actuation, are fabricated using integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing techniques and use silicon and related IC industry materials, polymers, ceramics, glass or quartz as their material of construction. The use of such systems for in-situ and on-demand chemical production is gaining increasing importance as the field of microreaction engineering transitions from a theoretical concept to a technology with significant industrial applications. In this paper, we provide an overview of the issues involved in modeling, design and control of microchemical systems and as examples, demonstrate some of these concepts with our work on modeling and control of microreformers for hydrogen delivery systems in micro-fuel cells. The paper concludes by suggesting possible areas of future research.
Behavioral and Nonbehavioral Methods of Developing Two Types of Empathy: A Comparative Study

Abstract This article compared a behavioral and a nonbehavioral method of training empathy. Empathy was measured under three different emotional stimulus conditions, and results showed that both training methods enhanced empathic understanding compared to a nonequivalent control group. Differences due to the emotional stimuli were also found, with evidence supporting the theory of experiential empathy. The results are discussed in terms of social work education, with argument for the incorporation of nonbehavioral techniques.
The TWD40-2 protein and the AP2 complex cooperate in the clathrin-mediated endocytosis of cellulose synthase to regulate cellulose biosynthesis

Cellulose biosynthesis is performed exclusively by plasma membrane-localized cellulose synthases (CESAs). Therefore, the trafficking of CESAs to and from the plasma membrane is an important mechanism for regulating cellulose biosynthesis. CESAs were recently identified as cargo proteins of the classic adaptor protein 2 (AP2) complex of the clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) pathway. The AP2 complex of the CME pathway is conserved in yeast, animals, and plants, and has been well-characterized in many systems. In contrast, the recently discovered TPLATE complex (TPC), which is proposed to function as a CME adaptor complex, is only conserved in plants and a few other eukaryotes. In this study, we discovered that the TWD40-2 protein, a putative member of the TPC, is also important for the endocytosis of CESAs. Genetic analysis between TWD40-2 and AP2M of the AP2 complex revealed that the roles of TWD40-2 in CME are both distinct from and cooperative with the AP2 complex. Loss of efficient CME in twd40-2-3 resulted in the unregulated overaccumulation of CESAs at the plasma membrane. In seedlings of twd40-2-3 and other CME-deficient mutants, a direct correlation was revealed between endocytic deficiency and cellulose content deficiency, highlighting the importance of controlled CESA endocytosis in regulating cellulose biosynthesis.
DISE: a programmable macro engine for customizing applications

Dynamic Instruction Stream Editing (DISE) is a cooperative software-hardware scheme for efficiently adding customization functionality---e.g, safety/security checking, profiling, dynamic code decompression, and dynamic optimization---to an application. In DISE, application customization functions (ACFs) are formulated as rules for macro-expanding certain instructions into parameterized instruction sequences. The processor executes the rules on the fetched instructions, feeding the execution engine an instruction stream that contains ACF code. Dynamic instruction macro-expansion is widely used in many of today's processors to convert a complex ISA to an easier-to-execute, finer-grained internal form. DISE co-opts this technology and adds a programming interface to it.DISE unifies the implementation of a large class of ACFs that would otherwise require either special-purpose hardware widgets or static binary rewriting. We show DISE implementations of two ACFs---memory fault isolation and dynamic code decompression---and their composition. Simulation shows that DISE ACFs have better performance than their software counterparts, and more flexibility (which sometimes translates into performance) than hardware implementations.
Elastic and Plastic Properties of Gamma + Laves Phase In-situ Composite Alloys Using Nanoindentation Techniques

In the present study, the local elastic and plastic properties of the γ- TiAl and the Laves phases have been investigated in a series of γ + Laves alloys using room-temperature compression, Vickers microhardness, and nanoindentation with an emphasis on elucidating the local property changes in γ + Laves alloys deformed at room temperature. This study shows that nanoindentation can be used to provide useful information on plastic flow in multiphase intermetallic alloys.
Universal diffusion-limited colloid aggregation

The authors study the process of diffusion-limited colloid aggregation (DLCA) using both static and dynamic light scattering. Static light scattering is used to measure the fractal dimension of the clusters as well as their structure factor, which is found to be in good agreement with that obtained from calculation using computer-generated clusters. Dynamic light scattering is used to probe both translational and rotational diffusion motion of the clusters. A method to separate their respective contributions is developed, allowing a quantitative determination of the average hydrodynamic radius. In addition, they determine the ratio of the hydrodynamic radius to the radius of gyration for individual aggregates, and find beta =0.93. A method is developed to scale all the dynamic light scattering data onto a single master curve, whose shape is sensitive to key features of the DLCA process. Good agreement is found between the prediction of the shape of the master curve and that obtained from experiments. Using several completely different colloids, they find that the shape of their master curves are identical, their fractal dimensions are identical and their aggregation kinetics are identical. This provides strong evidence of the universality of the DLCA regime of colloid aggregation.
Harnessing the public health power of model codes to increase drinking water access in schools and childcare.

Drinking water is an important health behavior to support overall child health. Research indicates that children are consuming too little water and too many sugary drinks. Overconsumption of sugary drinks increases child risk for the epidemics of obesity and diet-related chronic diseases like type-II diabetes, stroke, and heart disease. Increasing access to appealing, low-cost drinking water in schools and childcare where children spend much of their time supports efforts to reduce sugary drink consumption. Drinking water infrastructure is key to water access in childcare and schools. In 2012-2013, almost one-third of permanent U.S. school buildings had plumbing systems in fair or poor condition, and almost 40 percent had major renovations or repairs planned.3 Basic plumbing standards for new construction and major renovations or repairs are contained in state and local plumbing codes, and many of these codes are derived from model codes established by private organizations. This article describes the model code process and intervention points where the public health community can work to improve plumbing standards in school buildings and childcare centers.
Work in progress - Preview, Exercise, Teaching and Learning in digital electronics education

Through multimedia delivery of new materials, web-based warm-up exercises and interactive classroom teaching/learning, this paper presents an effective approach - PETL (Preview, Exercise, Teaching and Learning) in teaching and learning digital electronics. The proposed pedagogy is a teaching and learning strategy based on the active participation of learners at each stage of the learning process, namely, preview of new topics, Web-based warm-up assignments, and interactive classroom teaching and learning. Students briefly preview the new materials delivered through Web-based multimedia, and then respond electronically to carefully constructed warm-up exercises which are due before class. The instructor reviews studentspsila responses and adjusts the classroom lesson based on studentspsila concerns and questions. The preview materials, with the instructorpsilas explanations added, are produced using Flash multimedia authoring tool. This provides an online learning tool to prepare the students for the warm-up exercises. Anonymous surveys, questionnaires before, in the middle and after the implementation of the project are conducted to assess the effectiveness and outcomes of this project.
Beyond Proportional Fairness: A Resource Biasing Framework for Shaping Throughput Profiles in Multihop Wireless Networks

Throughput performance of multihop wireless networks is governed by how the network's transport capacity (in bit-meters per second) is partitioned among different network flows. Max-min fair allocation leads to poor throughput performance for all flows because connections traversing a large number of hops consume a disproportionate share of resources. While proportional fair allocation provides a significant improvement, we point out here that there is a much richer space of resource allocation strategies for introducing a controlled bias against resource-intensive long connections in order to significantly improve the performance of shorter connections. We present an analytical model that gives insight into the impact of a particular resource allocation strategy on network performance, in a manner that captures the effect of finite network size and spatial traffic patterns. Our simulation results demonstrate that it is possible to provide significantly better performance to shorter connections than max-min fair or proportional fair resource allocations, with minimal impact on the performance of long connections, using mixed bias strategies blending "fair" allocations with a strong bias against long connections.
A novel parallel deadlock detection algorithm and architecture

A novel deadlock detection algorithm and its hardware implementation are presented in this paper. The hardware deadlock detection algorithm has a run time complexity of O/sub hw/(min(m,n)), where m and n are the number of processors and resources, respectively. Previous algorithms based on a resource allocation graph have O/sub sw/(m/spl times/n) run time complexity for the worst case. We simulate a realistic example in which the hardware deadlock detection unit is applied, and demonstrate that the hardware implementation of the novel deadlock detection algorithm reduces deadlock detection time by 99.5%. Furthermore, in a realistic example, total execution time is reduced by 68.9%.
Epoprostenol inhibits human platelet-leukocyte mixed conjugate and platelet microparticle formation in whole blood.

article i nfo Article history: Circulating platelet-leukocyte mixed conjugates and platelet microparticles are potential markers of inflammation in the atherothrombotic disease. Epoprostenol is a synthetic salt of PGI2 (prostacyclin) clinically used in pulmonary hypertension and transplantation as a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. In this study the in vitro effect of this drug was investigated on the interaction of platelets with leukocytes and on markers of leukocyte and platelet activation, including platelet microparticle formation. The analyses were performed by flow cytometry on citrated whole blood collected from healthy subjects and challenged by a mixture of collagen-ADP. Preliminarily, the epoprostenol antiplatelet effect was confirmed by both aggregometry and PFA-100 and by evaluation of intraplatelet VASP phosphorylation. Epoprostenol, at nanomolar concentrations, prevented the formation of platelet mixed conjugates with PMN or monocytes, platelet PAC-1 and P-selectin expression and platelet microparticle generation. The reference drugs PGE1, aspirin and the novel ADP-receptor antagonist, cangrelor, were only effective at micromolar concentrations. No effect of epoprostenol was detected on leukocyte activation markers. Our data suggest a possible additional mechanism of action of epoprostenol in reducing the inflammatory cell contribution to pulmonary hypertension and thrombosis.
Deconstructing musical structure

This paper addresses the overwhelming importance which computer music composers usually place on the structural elements of their music. It deconstructs the belief that the meaning of music lies within its structure. This represents only one half of the equation, while the other half embodies the notion that music is ultimately intended to be listened to by subjective human beings who will interpret the music in different ways. The meaning is not located in the musical object (the piece), nor is it exclusively in the mind of the perceiver (human), but rather lies in the relationship between the two. Furthermore, this paper proposes that there are no objective aspects of music at all. To support this claim, the author uses the latest research from neuroscience, cognitive psychology and neo-Darwinism. Analysing the pitfalls of the modernist world view and the structure-based music that it has produced, the author proposes postmodern methods for the survival of computer music. In order to do so this paper relies on Richard Dawkins’ concept of cultural memes.
A Mean Field Theory of Layer IV of Visual Cortex and Its Application to Artificial Neural Networks

A single cell theory for the development of selectivity and ocular dominance in visual cortex has been presented previously by Bienenstock, Cooper and Munro. This has been extended to a network applicable to layer IV of visual cortex. In this paper we present a mean field approximation that captures in a fairly transparent manner the qualitative, and many of the quantitative, results of the network theory. Finally, we consider the application of this theory to artificial neural networks and show that a significant reduction in architectural complexity is possible.
Jejunal Atresia Associated with Cafergot® Ingestion During Pregnancy

Fetal vascular accidents have been suggested as one cause for jejunal atresia due to in utero interruption of the superior mesenteric arterial supply to the intestines. Experimental studies support this hypothesis, and ergotamine has been shown to be a teratogen in experimental animals as a consequence of its vasoconstrictive action. We report the occurrence of intrauterine growth retardation and jejunal atresia in an offspring of a woman who also experienced four spontaneous abortions. During each of six pregnancies, the mother had taken as many as eight Cafergot tablets daily. We raise the hypothesis that Cafergot (1 mg ergotamine tartrate and 100 mg caffeine) might represent a vascular disruptive teratogenic agent during pregnancy. This hypothesis is supported by the clinical association of nonduodenal intestinal atresia with other defects that have a disruptive vascular etiology.
Recent Advances and Future Directions in Aphasia Therapy

This article reviews literature in aphasia rehabilitation in the English-speaking world. Although attempts have been made to incorporate literature from other continents, the major bias is toward North America. Four themes are emphasised. They are (1) advances in neuroscience that have already realised influences in language rehabilitation and some that have potential influence for the near future; (2) effects on language rehabilitation that have resulted from the worldwide acknowledgement and acceptance of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF); (3) the growing emergence of psychosocial concerns in the management of aphasia; and (4) present and future applications of technology to aphasia rehabilitation. For the sake of manageability, the review is largely limited to the rehabilitation literature of the decade from 1998, and to published or in-press work that is programmatic in the sense that it represents more than a single publication.
Group B streptococcal ventriculitis: a report of three cases and literature review

This report presents three cases of neonatal group B streptococcal ventriculitis and assesses seven others identified by a literature review. In contrast to the well described acute manifestations of group B streptococcal meningitis, disease onset tended to be insidious with four of seven cases presenting over a period of 1 to 6 weeks and six cases presenting with nonspecific signs and symptoms without fever. Persistent protein content elevation and low glucose level in the cerebrospinal fluid was observed, indicating chronic inflammation. All patients developed obstructive hydrocephalus requiring ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. One child died, and six of nine survivors were left with significant neurologic deficits. Physicians should be aware of this indolent but serious manifestation of group B streptococcal infection.
The Ethical Implications of AlB and Multivariate E-Commerce Optimization Testing

AlB and multivariate website optimization may not seem ethically problematic atfirst blush; however, in this chapter I will consider some of the less obvious elements that have been tested, such as header color, button design, and the style of tabs usedfor linking to product details. AlB and multivariate testing has shown that these seemingly insignificant changes can increase average order value and decrease abandoned shopping carts, among other results. I will consider these tests through the lens of the major ethical systems of utilitarianism, Kant s respect for person:~ principle, and virtue ethics, using specific case studies and examples of testing results. I conclude that this type of practice is likely ethically prob­ lematic in many uses, as understood through all three ethical systems. Along the way I will be careful to demonstrate how the manipulation resultingfrom AlB and multivariate testing is different and more problematic than that of advertising in general.
The effect of body composition and BMI on 25(OH)D response in vitamin D-supplemented athletes

AbstractFat mass is inversely associated with vitamin D status, and athletes with the most adipose tissue may have the greatest risk for insufficient (25(OH)D 20–32 ng mL−1) or deficient (25(OH)D < 20 ng ml−1) status. The effects of fat and lean mass on 25(OH)D change in response to vitamin D supplementation have yet to be elucidated in athletes. In addition, vitamin D has a known role in bone health yet a link between short-term changes in 25(OH)D and bone turnover in indoor athletes have not yet been described. Thirty-two collegiate swimmers and divers (19 male, 13 female; 19 (1) years) participated in a 6-month randomized controlled trial and consumed either 4000 IU d−1 of vitamin D3 (n = 19) or placebo (PLA; n = 13). Anthropometry and blood collection of 25(OH)D, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP) and N-terminal telopeptide (NTx) occurred at three time points. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured body composition analysis at baseline and endpoint. In the vitamin D group, BMI was negativel...
Philanthropy Supporting Government: An Analysis of Local Library Funding

Although a public agency, many libraries seek additional resources beyond municipal taxes. This paper explores library funding and their reliance on philanthropic revenue to supplement public tax dollars. Data from the Institute of Museum and Library Services Survey are combined with financial information from library friends and foundation nonprofit organizations to understand the extent to which public libraries in Illinois are supported by philanthropic funds. A survey of library directors is used to provide additional context. The findings suggest a geographic disparity in finances among libraries in Illinois and the need for new theories to explain “donation over taxation.”
Induction of Labor and Cesarean Delivery.

At the heart of obstetrical care is a seemingly simple calculus: when are the benefits of delivery greater than the benefits of continued pregnancy? However, making this determination is anything but straightforward, given the potentially conflicting needs of the mother and the needs of her offspring, which must both be taken into account to maximize maternal and perinatal health. In the absence of maternal or fetal complications, current consensus favors the consideration of delivery between 41 weeks 0 days and 42 weeks 0 days of gestation. In addition, for these women, delivery is recommended after 42 weeks 0 days and . . .
Immunofluorescent studies of autoantibodies to intercellular areas of epithelia in Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus.

SummarySera of patients with fogo selvagem or BPF (Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus) were found to contain antibodies reactive with the intercellular areas of stratified squamous epithelium of esophagus and skin as revealed by indirect IF (immunofluorescent) staining. These intercellular antibodies could not be distinguished histologically from those associated with nonendemic pemphigus (i.e., the forms of pemphigus which occur in rest of the world). The following observations were made on these antibodies: (1) Only sera of patients with pemphigus were found to contain these intercellular antibodies. None of 56 control sera yield such staining patterns. (2) Indirect IF staining titers of the intercellular areas could be determined reproducibly ± 1 doubling dilution in the two participating laboratories in a double blind study of 29 sera. (A 30th serum is discussed under point 5 below.) (3) The titers of intercellular antibodies appeared to be proportional to the severity of the disease process in BPF. (4) Th...
Opportunities for Enhancing Nontimber Forest Products Management in the United States

This article addresses aspects of nontimber forest products (NTFPs) management in the United States. Results from a thematic synthesis of literature germane to harvesters and forest managers indicate that many NTFPs have considerable markets but most are inadequately monitored, economically underregulated, and ecologically poorly understood. The people who harvest wild-grown NTFPs are often referred to as wildcrafters. Literature suggests that wildcrafters have historically been marginalized and are often reticent to share information or to participate in government-led initiatives. Additionally, forest managers and wildcrafters often are unable or unwilling to work together. Social networking has been suggested as a way to improve collaboration between the two stakeholders. Some examples of successful networks exist, but norms and priorities may inhibit greater participation. Asynchronous communication via the Internet and other wireless technology could improve the situation. Developing systematic inventory systems, designing NTFP output reporting protocols, advancing forest farming, and improving access to information on NTFP markets, policies, and practices may also be useful. The need for improvement on all fronts is increasingly relevant because of growing demand for NTFPs.
Effects of Planting Method on Enhanced Stand Establishment and Subsequent Performance of Forage Native Warm-Season Grasses

To develop strategies for successful establishment of forage native warm-season grasses (NWSGs) in southeastern USA, early agronomic performance of transplanted and seeded stands of big bluestem (BB, Andropogon gerardii Vitman), eastern gamagrass (GG, Tripsacum dactyloides L.), indiangrass [IG, Sorghastrum nutans (L.). Nash], and switchgrass (SG, Panicum virgatum L.) were compared. In early June, about 6-week old high tunnel grown seedlings were transplanted to assigned clean seedbeds. Plant spacing (cm) was 30-within and 45-between rows. Seeded plots received ≥ 11 kg seeds ha-1 planted at ≤ 2 cm deep in 45-cm wide rows, a month after transplanting to match rainfall availability. As needed, tall-growing broadleaf weeds were removed physically by cutting with a hand hoe. Plants were allowed uninterrupted first year growth with no fertilizer applied. Early in the following spring, dead standing biomass was mowed down to allow the emerging tillers more access to sunlight. During the second and third year after planting, plots were machine harvested twice between July and September for yield assessment. Percentage ground covered by plant material and species basal diameters were also recorded. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design for effects of planting method, species, and stand age. Except for GG, transplanting resulted in greater (>3,000 kg DM ha-1) forage yield and more so during the second harvest year. Total second year yields were similar for BB and GG and averaged 9,600 and 6,300 kg DM ha-1 for transplanted and seeded, respectively. Indiangrass and SG yields (kg DM ha-1) were 11,500 and 8,300 and 13,000 and 10,000 for transplanted and seeded plots, respectively. The NWSG ground cover was greater in the transplanted than seeded plots, while the reverse was true for weed cover. Data indicate that, in less than two years, transplanting under comparable growing conditions can produce harvest-ready uniform NWSG stands in weed infested areas. For practical recommendations, however, data on comparable responses of transplanted vs seeded stands to actual grazing at a similar timing is necessary.
Children with Trimethoprim- and Ampicillin-Resistant Fecal Escherichia coli in Day Care Centers

We conducted a cross-sectional study of 79 children attending seven day care centers in Houston, Texas, to detect fecal gram-negative bacilli resistant to trimethoprim (TMPr) and ampicillin (AMPr). Fifteen children (19%) were colonized with TMPr Escherichia coli; all but one strain were also resistant to sulfonamides. Most of the children with TMPr E. coli were clustered in center A, where 11 (37%) of 30 children were colonized; only four (8%) of 49 children in the other six centers were colonized with TMPr E. coli (P less than .005). The TMPr E. coli isolates from 10 of the 11 children in Center A had a similar antibiogram, which included resistance to sulfonamides, ampicillin, and streptomycin; eight had a similar total plasmid pattern, an observation suggesting spread within the day care center. Children colonized with AMPr E. coli were present in all centers, although a higher percentage of children in center A were colonized than in the other centers combined (70% vs. 35%; P less than .01).
Favorite songs, melodic elements, and a familiar tune: Performance of children from Brazil and the United States on components of the ATBSS:

The AIRS Test Battery of Singing Skills (ATBSS) is a comprehensive instrument that was designed to acquire data from varied age, cultural and ethnic groups. The aim of the present research was twof...
Zoning Before Zoning: Land Use and Density in Mid-Nineteenth-Century New York City

Not until the beginning of the twentieth century did U.S. city governments turn to comprehensive zoning to gain control of their land use and built environment. Nineteenth-century cities had comparatively unregulated land-use systems, where proprietors and builders found minimal restrictions to their choices to develop urban land. This article exploits newly digitized geographic information systems (GIS) data, at the level of building footprints, made available by the New York Public Library, to study the land-use geography of mid-nineteenth-century Manhattan, the Western world's then third largest city. We ask: What was the spatial order of the nineteenth-century city? Beyond the case, what can we learn about land use in a political economy where market forces operated with much greater freedom? Addressing these issues, we introduce a variety of advanced GIS methods to the original data set. Specifically, we examine the separation and mixing of the three basic land-use types of commerce, industry, and re...
Stapling in Gastroesophageal Surgery

This article gives a brief history of stapling equipment used in gastroesophageal surgery. A variety of surgical procedures, which can be performed on the gastrointestinal tract easily and safely with present-day stapling devices, are then described.
A Primate lncRNA Mediates Notch Signaling during Neuronal Development by Sequestering miRNA

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a diverse and poorly conserved category of transcripts that have expanded greatly in primates, particularly in the brain. We identified an lncRNA, which has acquired 16 microRNA response elements for miR-143-3p in the Catarrhini branch of primates. This lncRNA, termed LncND (neurodevelopment), is expressed in neural progenitor cells and then declines in neurons. Binding and release of miR-143-3p by LncND control the expression of Notch receptors. LncND expression is enriched in radial glia cells (RGCs) in the ventricular and subventricular zones of developing human brain. Downregulation in neuroblastoma cells reduced cell proliferation and induced neuronal differentiation, an effect phenocopied by miR-143-3p overexpression. Gain of function of LncND in developing mouse cortex led to an expansion of PAX6+ RGCs. These findings support a role for LncND in miRNA-mediated regulation of Notch signaling within the neural progenitor pool in primates that may have contributed to the expansion of cerebral cortex.
Eosinophilic fibrohistiocytic lesion of bone marrow: a distinctive new morphologic finding, probably related to drug hypersensitivity.

A distinctive, hitherto undescribed lesion was found in histologic sections of aspirated bone marrow particles in five patients. The lesion occurred in close relation to lymphoid follicles, vessels, and sinusoids. It consisted of collections of cells with regular, spindle-shaped nuclei and poorly defined cytoplasmic borders. Among these cells, which were interpreted as histiocytic and/or fibroblastic elements, there were abundant eosinophils, often in aggregates (eosinophilic abscesses), plasma cells, and a few mast cells. Four of the patients were anemic, and all took numerous drugs including ampicillin, procainamide, and allopurinol. In four patients, the anemia remitted after the suspected drug was discontinued. Repeated bone marrow aspirates in three showed only an increased number of eosinophils around lymphoid follicles and blood vessels in two patients and complete disappearance of the lesion in one. Hodgkin’s disease, eosinophilic granuloma, Kaposi’s sarcoma, and lipid granuloma were considered in the differential diagnosis and were ruled out by histologic and clinical considerations.
Effects of Cold Winters on the Genetic Diversity of an Estuarine Fish, the Spotted Seatrout

AbstractSpotted Seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus are recreationally important fish that have been harvested in South Carolina for centuries. The Spotted Seatrout in South Carolina suffered substantial declines in estuarine abundance during the cold winters of 2000, 2009, and 2010, when water temperatures dropped below their tolerance threshold. As these population declines may result in genetic bottlenecks and their repetitive occurrence over a short timescale could reduce the population’s adaptive potential, we estimated the genetic diversity and effective population size (Ne) of the Charleston Harbor Spotted Seatrout population at six time points related to recent cold winters using a suite of 13 microsatellite markers. Grouping individuals by year-class (fish spawned in the same year) was the most appropriate and effective method for measuring interannual fluctuations in observed and expected heterozygosity and allelic richness, superior to partitioning fish by collection year. The genetic diversity of Spo...
Integrated Distributed Authentication Protocol for Smart Grid Communications

In the smart grid, an integrated distributed authentication protocol is needed to not only securely manage the system but also efficiently authenticate many different entities for the communications. In addition, a lightweight authentication protocol is required to handle frequent authentications among billions of devices. Unfortunately, in the literature, there is no such integrated protocol that provides mutual authentication among the home environment, energy provider, gateways, and advanced metering infrastructure network. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a lightweight cloud-trusted authorities-based integrated (centrally controlled) distributed authentication protocol that provides mutual authentications among communicated entities in a distributed manner. Based on certificateless cryptosystem, our protocol is lightweight and efficient even when there are invalid requests in a batch. Security and performance analysis show that the protocol provides privacy preservation, forward secrecy, semantic security, perfect key ambiguous, and protection against identity thefts while generating lower overheads in comparison with the existing protocols. Also, the protocol is secure against man-in-the-middle attacks, redirection attacks, impersonation attacks, and denial-of-service attacks. Moreover, our protocol provides a complete resistance against flood-based denial-of-service attacks.
Mutagen Sensitivity of Drosophila melanogaster IV. Interactions of X Chromosome Mutants

ABSTRACT Sensitivity to MMS has been used to isolate mutants of Drosophila melanogaster with potential defects in DNA repair processes. Eleven X-linked genes have been identified which control mutagen sensitivity. Patterns of sensitivity and interactions of double mutant strains suggest several pathways for DNA repair in this complex multicellular animal.