cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4845: Fraxini and mistletoe lectins inhibit the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma by promoting proteasomal degradation of c-Myc

Mistletoe extracts, including Fraxini, have been used to treat cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in Europe. However, the mechanism(s) underlying the effect of Fraxini in HCC is(are) inconclusive which hampers its optimal use for the treatment of HCC. We previously reported that Fraxini, and two other mistletoe extracts Iscador Q and M exerted strong antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activities in Hep3B cells through targeting c-Myc protein. In current study, we examined the efficacy of Fraxini in HCC bearing animals and further investigated the mechanism by which Fraxini down-regulates c-Myc protein. How c-Myc was regulated by Fraxini was investigated by measuring the half-life of c-Myc protein with cycloheximide chase assay, proteasomal degradation and phosphorylation of c-Myc. The antitumor efficacy of the Fraxini was tested in the Hep3B mouse xenograft model and Fraxini was administered subcutaneously. We found that Fraxini dose dependently suppressed the c-Myc protein expression, but did not affect c-Myc mRNA level in Hep3B cells, suggesting Fraxini down-regulates c-Myc through post-translational regulation. Fraxini reduced the half-life of c-Myc protein from control (40 minutes) to 27 minutes. Inhibition of 26S proteasome activity using MG-132 in Hep3B cells notably antagonized Fraxini induced down-regulation of c-Myc, suggesting that Fraxini down-regulated c-Myc by promoting its proteasome degradation. Fraxini decreased phosphorylation of S62 (stabilizing c-Myc) while slightly increased p-cMycT58 (destabilized c-Myc) in Hep3B cells. When Burkitt9s lymphoma Raji cells, which are known to host T58 mutation on c-Myc and result in c-Myc stabilization, were treated with Fraxini, Fraxini (up to 20 μg/ml) exerted minimum activity in cell growth and c-Myc protein expression, augmenting that Fraxini is acting on c-Myc phosphorylation sites which resulted in down-regulation c-Myc and elicited anticancer activity in HCC. Additionally, Fraxini injected (s.c.) to mice carrying Hep3B cell xenograft tumors for 2 weeks significantly reduced the average tumor volume (71.8 ± 22.2 mm 3 ) compared to that in the control treated mice (179.0 ± 36.3 mm 3 , p Citation Format: Yan Jiang, Yong Pan, Patrea R. Rhea, Richard Lee, Zhimin Lu, Peiying Yang. Fraxini and mistletoe lectins inhibit the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma by promoting proteasomal degradation of c-Myc. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4845.
yoruba art and language: seeking the african in african art

Rowland Abiodun is one of the most distinguished historians of African art in the world and his latest work is a crowning achievement. He was born in Nigeria to a family steeped in traditional know...
A scheme for expressing instrumental responses parametrically

abstract This study shows that, provided a seismic instrument as a whole behaves linearly over its response range, and provided its phase response is known accurately, the instrumental responses can be parametrically expressed in terms of transfer functions of linear systems. The scheme is based on the observation that knowing accurately the detailed overall amplitude and phase responses of a linear instrument is tantamount to knowing all the pertinent constants for the construction of its overall transfer function. Because of generally poor quality of empirical phase calibrations, empirical phases are substituted by minimum phases, calculated via a Hilbert transform of amplitude response. Application of the scheme to actual SRO (LP) and USGS (SP) instruments resulted in sufficiently close agreements between parametric and actual responses to warrant the utility of the scheme.
Simultaneous feedback control of plasma rotation and stored energy on NSTX-U using neoclassical toroidal viscosity and neutral beam injection

A model-based feedback system is presented enabling the simultaneous control of the stored energy through βn and the toroidal rotation profile of the plasma in National Spherical Torus eXperiment Upgrade device. Actuation is obtained using the momentum from six injected neutral beams and the neoclassical toroidal viscosity generated by applying three-dimensional magnetic fields. Based on a model of the momentum diffusion and torque balance, a feedback controller is designed and tested in closed-loop simulations using TRANSP, a time dependent transport analysis code, in predictive mode. Promising results for the ongoing experimental implementation of controllers are obtained.
The implementation of medical monitoring programs following potentially hazardous exposures: a medico-legal perspective.

AbstractContext: Clinical toxicologists may be called upon to determine the appropriateness of medical monitoring following documented or purported exposures to toxicants in the occupational, environmental, and medical settings.Methods: We searched the MEDLINE database using the Ovid® search engine for the following terms cross-referenced to the MeSH database: (“occupational exposures” OR “environmental exposures”) AND (“physiologic monitoring” OR “population surveillance”). The titles and abstracts of the resulted articles were reviewed for relevance. We expanded our search to include non-peer-reviewed publications and gray literature and resources using the same terms as utilized in the MEDLINE search. There were a total of 48 relevant peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed publications. Publications excluded contained no information relevant to medical monitoring following potentially harmful toxicologic exposures, discussed only worker screening/surveillance and/or population biomonitoring, contained red...
Abstract 256: Cerebral Oximetry and End Tidal CO2 as Predictors of Futility During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Background: There is currently no validated predictor of futility, defined as the inability to obtain ROSC, (IOR), and therefore no specific guidelines for cessation of resuscitation. Previous literature suggests that ETCO2 values of ?10 are predictive of IOR. Cerebral Oximetry (CerOx) uses near infrared light to non-invasively measure regional O2 saturation in the frontal lobes of the brain. CerOx has been shown in pilot studies to identify ROSC in 85% of arrests. Objective: The study’s objective was to compare ETCO2 and CerOx measurements during CPR to predict futility. Methods: We prospectively enrolled a convenience sample of subjects suffering from OHCA and ED cardiac arrest. Data was analyzed utilizing linear regression with Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves on the max and last readings of both ETCO2 and CerOx during CPR. Results: We analyzed 169 events with 48 (28%) obtaining ROSC. The average age was 64.5 ± 15.6. The average downtime was 24.6 ± 15.0 minutes, 113 (66.7%) of the events were witnessed, and 95 (56%) of the events had bystander CPR. The initial rhythms were asystole in 48%, PEA 35%, and V-Fib/V-Tach in 17% of cases. ROC curve analysis was used to determine the best discriminating variable in predicting IOR. Area under the curve (AUC) for the last value [CerOx AUC=.856, ETCO2 AUC= .761] and max value [CerOx, AUC=.802, ETCO2 AUC=.630] obtained prior to death showed CerOx to be a better predictor or IOR than ETCO2. All subjects who failed to obtain a max ETCO2 value of 15 had IOR, while five subjects with a max CerOx of 15 had ROSC. Sensitivity/Specificity for select values in Table 1. Conclusion: The max and last CerOx value was overall a better predictor of futility than the max and last value of ETCO2. However at lower ranges ETCO2 proved to be more specific than CerOx.
Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guidelines on Intraoperative Cranial Nerve Monitoring in Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery.

Question 1 Does intraoperative facial nerve monitoring during vestibular schwannoma surgery lead to better long-term facial nerve function? Target population This recommendation applies to adult patients undergoing vestibular schwannoma surgery regardless of tumor characteristics. Recommendation Level 3: It is recommended that intraoperative facial nerve monitoring be routinely utilized during vestibular schwannoma surgery to improve long-term facial nerve function. Question 2 Can intraoperative facial nerve monitoring be used to accurately predict favorable long-term facial nerve function after vestibular schwannoma surgery? Target population This recommendation applies to adult patients undergoing vestibular schwannoma surgery. Recommendation Level 3: Intraoperative facial nerve can be used to accurately predict favorable long-term facial nerve function after vestibular schwannoma surgery. Specifically, the presence of favorable testing reliably portends a good long-term facial nerve outcome. However, the absence of favorable testing in the setting of an anatomically intact facial nerve does not reliably predict poor long-term function and therefore cannot be used to direct decision-making regarding the need for early reinnervation procedures. Question 3 Does an anatomically intact facial nerve with poor electromyogram (EMG) electrical responses during intraoperative testing reliably predict poor long-term facial nerve function? Target population This recommendation applies to adult patients undergoing vestibular schwannoma surgery. Recommendation Level 3: Poor intraoperative EMG electrical response of the facial nerve should not be used as a reliable predictor of poor long-term facial nerve function. Question 4 Should intraoperative eighth cranial nerve monitoring be used during vestibular schwannoma surgery? Target population This recommendation applies to adult patients undergoing vestibular schwannoma surgery with measurable preoperative hearing levels and tumors smaller than 1.5 cm. Recommendation Level 3: Intraoperative eighth cranial nerve monitoring should be used during vestibular schwannoma surgery when hearing preservation is attempted. Question 5 Is direct monitoring of the eighth cranial nerve superior to the use of far-field auditory brain stem responses? Target population This recommendation applies to adult patients undergoing vestibular schwannoma surgery with measurable preoperative hearing levels and tumors smaller than 1.5 cm. Recommendation Level 3: There is insufficient evidence to make a definitive recommendation. The full guideline can be found at: https://www.cns.org/guidelines/guidelines-manage-ment-patients-vestibular-schwannoma/chapter_4.
Rightsizing Project Management for Libraries

Project management is a current topic in management, and project management offices are springing up in many organizations. Libraries may not need a project management office, but adoption of project management techniques, rightsized for library needs, can focus scope, define and organize tasks, and manage resources for many kinds of projects. The University of New Hampshire Library has implemented selected aspects of project management and is learning where these principles can be applied most effectively for successful projects. This paper describes UNH’s use of selected project management techniques and tools in a major collection integration and relocation project.
Deep active learning for image classification

In the recent years, deep learning algorithms have achieved state-of-the-art performance in a variety of computer vision applications. In this paper, we propose a novel active learning framework to select the most informative unlabeled samples to train a deep belief network model. We introduce a loss function specific to the active learning task and train the model to minimize the loss function. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research effort to integrate an active learning based criterion in the loss function used to train a deep belief network. Our extensive empirical studies on a wide variety of uni-modal and multi-modal vision datasets corroborate the potential of the method for real-world image recognition applications.
Cloud computing: cost, security, and performance

The cloud computing systems face challenges from various aspects, including deployment cost, security, and performance. This project surveys these challenges and the approaches to addressing them. Deployment cost is an intense challenge to cloud computing. The high network bandwidth required to support potentially millions of users is a key aspect that leads to the rising costs for cloud service providers. To alleviate the bandwidth consumption, lightweight frameworks such as Angular have been developed to reduce the bandwidth necessary to transmit the required data by allowing clients to optimize and interpret the data rather than sending large files over a network. Video streaming codecs have adapted to keep high quality images, while lowering the amount of bandwidth needed to deliver the high definition video. Security is a critically important aspect of cloud services. User's data is at risk of being intercepted when it is transmitted across an unsecured network. Approaches to solving the problem of network security include data encryption and the use of Virtual Private Network (VPNs). Encryption prevents private data from leaking to unwanted users, with the cost of relatively high computational overhead. VPNs allow data to be delivered securely between authenticated end-points via a sub-network defined over a public underlying network. In addition to the networks, cloud servers themselves may be vulnerable to security attacks, both internally and externally. Internal attacks can be rogue administrators, exploiting cloud vulnerabilities, and using the cloud to conduct "nefarious activity". The damages range from stealing unprotected files to using the servers as tools to attack other organizations or users. External attacks include cross site scripting, information leakage and improper handling, broken authentication and session management, failure to restrict Web access, improper data validation, insecure communications, and malicious file execution. To resolve the security concerns on the cloud servers, various technologies have been developed, including storage with encryption, firewalls, packet filters, as well as virtual local area networks. Performance is another very important issue in cloud computing. Poor performance can be caused by various factors, including improper use of hardware resources on either end of the connection, and the network latency. From the hardware aspect, an effort to improve performance has been the move towards flash-based storage in order to increase read/write speeds and therefore decrease access times. In addition, parallel computing allows more work to be done in the same amount of time and significantly benefits large cloud server systems that run thousands of systems in parallel. Deploying small data centers closer to the end-users can help significantly reduce the latency perceived by users as well as the workload on the main datacenters, at the cost of increased deployment expense for cloud service providers and content distribution networks.
Safety Considerations in Prescription of NSAIDs for Musculoskeletal Pain: A Narrative Review

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently prescribed for the treatment of painful musculoskeletal conditions. When prescribing oral NSAIDs, clinicians must consider coexisting cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, gastrointestinal, and renal disease because oral NSAIDs are associated with a broad spectrum of adverse effects on these systems. The different safety profiles of NSAIDs can be attributed to differences in the extent to which the drug inhibits cyclo-oxygenase-1 vs -2 and their potential for drug-drug interactions. This narrative review intends to guide the clinician in prescribing oral NSAIDs while taking into consideration these comorbid conditions and drug interactions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.
Sequential dosing salivagrams to increase sensitivity for detection of pulmonary aspiration in children

2010 Objectives Salivagrams have high specificity for detecting aspiration of oral secretions in pediatric patients at risk of aspiration pneumonia. Typical standard protocols require only one oral dose administration. Prevalence of false negative studies is reportedly as high as 60%. We examined 14 patients using sequential dosing administration (SDA) to determine if this method would increase sensitivity of detecting pulmonary aspiration and reduce false negative reporting at our institution. Methods Separate oral doses of 0.2mci Tc99m Sulfur Colloid were given, up to a maximum total of 3 doses (0.6mCi). Following administration of the 1st dose, serial 1-minute images were obtained for 60 minutes. If there was no evidence of aspiration during the first 15 minutes, a 2nd dose was given with no interruption of the acquisition; a 3rd dose was given at 30 minutes if the study remained negative. Sequential doses were withheld at the first sign of pulmonary aspiration. Anterior/Posterior and Right/Left planar images were obtained after the 60 minute flow. Results were tabulated according to the first appearance of radiotracer in the airways. Results The SDA method was obtained in 14/14 patients. Seven patients showed no pulmonary aspiration following 3 separate doses. One patient showed evidence of aspiration after the 1st dose was administered. One patient had aspirated after the 2nd dose. Five patients had evidence of aspiration after the 3rd dose. Conclusions Utilization of the Sequential Dosing Administration (SDA) method can increase sensitivity for detection of pulmonary aspiration and reduce false negative reporting, thereby improving patient care in pediatric patients with suspected pulmonary aspiration.
Learning from History: The Federal Union and Marriage

Debate over the nature of marriage continues throughout the country. Most recently the U.S. Justice Department announced that it will not defend the Federal Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) in the several lawsuits in which the constitutionality of DOMA is in issue (although the statute remains in effect). Proponents of DOMA contend that the government has the right to defend the "traditional" concept of marriage as between a man and a woman as the only legitimate form of marriage. This paper is intended to show that marriage has undergone many legal classifications over the history of the United States. The differences in approach to marriage between the federal government and the various states are part of the picture. While currently these differences between the states on one hand and between the federal government and some of the states (as reflected in recognition and non-recognition of same-sex marriages and marriage-like unions, and the federal legislation known as the Defense of Marriage Act) are very much in the public forum. However, there have always been differences over the law of marriage throughout the history of the republic. Examples include disputes over the validity of slave marriages, polygamous marriages, common-law marriage, religious marriages, confidential marriages, covenant marriages, incestuous marriages, and interracial marriages. The author asks the reader to consider what we can learn from this history. He predicts that while the Defense of Marriage Act is likely to eventually be overturned, restricted in application or even repealed, this will not end the debate over same-sex unions since all the states of the union are unlikely to agree on the status of same-sex marriages.
Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging of Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 Activity as a Biomarker of Vascular Remodeling in Hemodialysis Access.

Abstract Purpose To establish the capability of near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging for the detection of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) activity as a biomarker of vascular remodeling (VR) in arteriovenous fistulae (AVFs) in vivo. Materials and Methods AVFs were created in the right groins of Wistar rats (n = 10), and sham procedures were performed in the contralateral groins. Fistulography via a left common carotid artery approach confirmed stenosis (> 50%) in a subset of animals (n = 5) 4 weeks after AVF creation. After administration of MMP-2–activated NIRF probe, near-infrared imaging was performed in vivo and ex vivo of both the AVF and the sham-treated vessels to measure radiant efficiency of MMP-2–activated NIRF signal over background. Histologic analyses of AVF and sham-treated vessels were performed to measure VR defined as inward growth of the vessel caused by intimal thickening. Results AVFs demonstrated a significantly higher percentage increase in radiant efficiency over background compared with sham vessels (45.5 ± 56% vs 16.1 ± 17.8%; P = .008). VR in AVFs was associated with increased thickness of neointima staining positively for MMP-2 (161.8 ± 45.5 μm vs 73.2 ± 36.7 μm; P = .01). A significant correlation was observed between MMP-2 activity as measured by relative increase in radiant efficiency for AVFs and thickness of neointima staining positively for MMP-2 (P = .039). Conclusions NIRF imaging can detect increased MMP activity in remodeled AVFs compared with contralateral sham vessels. MMP-2–activated NIRF signal correlates with the severity of intimal thickening. These findings suggest NIRF imaging of MMP-2 may be used as a biomarker of the vascular remodeling underlying stenosis.
Capturing the inter-particle force distribution in granular material using LS-DEM

Particle shape, as one of the most important physical ingredients of granular materials, can greatly alter the characteristic of inter-particle force distribution which is of vital importance in understanding the mechanical behavior of granular materials. However, currently both experimental and numerical studies remain limited in this regard. In this paper, we for the first time validate the ability of the level set discrete element method (LS-DEM) on capturing the inter-particle force distribution among particles of arbitrary shape. We first present the technical detail of LS-DEM; we then apply LS-DEM to simulate experiments of shearing granular materials composed of arbitrarily shaped particles. The proposed approach directly links experimentally measured material properties to model parameters such as contact stiffness without any calibration. Our results show that LS-DEM is able to not only capture the macro scale response such as stress and deformation, but also to reproduce the particle scale contact information such as the distribution of contact force magnitude, contact orientation and contact friction mobilization. Our work demonstrates the promising potential of LS-DEM on studying the mechanics and physics of natural granular material and on aiding design granular particle shape for novel macro-scale mechanical property.
Combining the Advantages of Discrete- and Continuous-time MIP Scheduling Models

Abstract A solution algorithm that harnesses the strengths of discrete- and continuous-time scheduling models is proposed. It is a three stage algorithm consisting of (i) a discrete-time MIP scheduling model, (ii) a mapping algorithm, and (iii) a continuous-time LP model. It enables fast and accurate solution of scheduling problems, by quickly obtaining approximate solutions and improving their accuracy, while maintaining feasibility. Through a computational study, it is shown that the proposed method is capable of finding high quality solutions up to 4 orders of magnitude faster, compared to stand-alone discrete-and continuous-time models.
Tethered women, mobile men: Gendered mobilities of typewriting:

In recent years, scholars have turned their attention to the nexus of mobility, space, and communication practices. At the same time, historians of information and communication technologies (ICTs)...
Immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapies for neuromuscular diseases. Part II: New and novel agents

While traditional immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapies remain the cornerstone of immune-mediated neuromuscular disease management, new and novel agents including antigen-specific, monoclonal antibody drugs, have emerged as important treatment options. This article is the second of a two-part series that reviews immune-based therapies in neuromuscular diseases. The first article provides an update on the use of traditional immune-based therapies such as corticosteroids, plasma exchange, steroid-sparing immunosuppressive drugs, and intravenous immunoglobulin G. This second article focuses on new and novel immune-based therapies, including eculizumab, a complement inhibitor approved for acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive myasthenia gravis; rituximab, a B-cell depletion therapy with evolving indications in neuromuscular diseases; and the subcutaneous formulation of immunoglobulin G that gained approval for use in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy in 2018. Finally, several novel antigen-specific drugs at different stages of investigation in neuromuscular disease are also reviewed.
A Learned Reconstruction Network for SPECT Imaging

A neural network designed specifically for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) image reconstruction was developed. The network reconstructed activity images from SPECT projection data directly. Training was performed through a corpus of training data, including that derived from digital phantoms generated from custom software and the corresponding projection data obtained from simulation. When using the network to reconstruct images, input projection data were initially fed to two fully connected (FC) layers to perform a basic reconstruction. Then, the output of the FC layers and an attenuation map were delivered to five convolutional layers for signal-decay compensation and image optimization. To validate the system, data not used in training, simulated data from the Zubal human brain phantom, and clinical patient data were used to test reconstruction performance. Reconstructed images from the developed network proved closer to the truth with higher resolution and quantitative accuracy than those from conventional OS-EM reconstruction. To understand better the operation of the network for reconstruction, intermediate results from hidden layers were investigated for each step of the processing. The network system was also retrained with noisy projection data and compared with that developed with noise-free data. The retrained network proved even more robust after having learned to filter noise. Finally, we showed that the network still provided sharp images when using reduced view projection data (retrained with reduced view data).
Investment Sophistication and Wealth Inequality

I examine how differences in the ability to identify profitable investment opportunities contribute to wealth inequality. I analyze a model of financial markets with investors heterogeneously informed about future returns. The unconditional wealth share distribution features a thick right-tail populated by the best-informed investors. Wealth inequality increases with the cost of information acquisition and market liquidity. It is non-monotone in the precision of public information and the size of investments delegated to the best-informed investors. I provide bounds for the speed of wealth dynamics. Using data on US households' beliefs, the model can explain the recent dynamics in wealth inequality.
Jamestown Canyon Virus (JCV) Encephalitis Mimicking Acute Stroke in Michigan: A Case Report and Review of the Literature:

Jamestown canyon virus (JCV) is an arbovirus and is an under-recognized cause of mosquito-borne viral encephalitis. In this report we present a patient who presented with focal neurological deficit...
Utilization, satisfaction and barriers to access of health services for Arabic-speaking refugees resettled in Connecticut, USA after completion of Refugee Medical Assistance (RMA)

Background: Arabic-speaking refugees are the largest group of resettled persons in the United States since 2008, yet little is known about their rates of healthcare access, utilization and satisfaction. Methods: From January to December 2019, a household survey was conducted of Arabic-speaking refugees resettled in CT. Data collected included demographics, prevalence of chronic conditions, patterns of health seeking behavior, insurance status and patient satisfaction using the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-18). Results: Sixty-five households responded to the survey representing 295 Arabic-speaking refugees-of which 141 (48%) were children. Forty-seven households (72%) reported members with chronic conditions, 62 persons (21%) needed daily medication, 285 (97%) persons were insured. Respondents reported high median patient satisfaction with wide variation. Conclusion: Arabic-speaking refugees resettled in CT are young but have similar adult rates of chronic medical conditions as the host community. They majority remained insured after RMA lapsed. They expressed median high satisfaction with health services but with wide variation. Inaccessibility of health services in Arabic and difficulty obtaining medications remain areas in need of improvement.
Price competition online: Platforms versus branded websites

The focus of this theoretical study is price competition when some firms operate their own branded websites while others sell their products through an online platform, such as Amazon Marketplace. On one hand, selling through Amazon expands a firm's reach to more customers, but on the other, starting a website can help the firm to increase the perceived value of its product, that is, to build brand equity. In the short run the composition of firms is fixed, whereas in the long run each firm chooses between Amazon and its own website. I derive the equilibrium prices and profits, analyze the firms' behavior in the long run, and compare the equilibrium outcome with the social optimum. Comparative statics analysis reveals some interesting results. For example, I find that the number of firms that choose Amazon may go down in response to an increase in the total number of firms. A pure-strategy Nash equilibrium may not exist; I show that price dispersion among the firms of the same type is more likely in less concentrated markets and/or when the increase in the perceived value of the product is relatively small.
Co-constructing Contextual Theory: An Experience within IS Education Domain

Reviewing the information systems (IS) literature shows the prevalence of studies claiming to exploit the grounded theory (GT) method. However, most of these studies follow an objectivist approach to GT. This manuscript addresses another recognized yet rarely used GT approach in IS: constructivist. The importance of IS constructivist research is briefly explained. This is followed with a recapitulation of strategies pursued in a constructivist research experience within IS doctoral education domain in order to achieve a contextual theory. Procedures for establishing satisfactory levels of trustworthiness and authenticity are described. Finally, implications of taking the constructivist approach as well as some major lessons learned are discussed.
Interhemispheric approach for endoscopic ligation of an anterior cranial fossa dural arteriovenous fistula

We describe the endoscopic ligation of an anterior cranial fossa (ACF) dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) through an interhemispheric approach. Intracranial DAVF of the ACF are rare and associated with an aggressive natural history, due to their ubiquitous direct cortical venous drainage and frequent coincidence of venous ectasia. Although surgical ligation is the preferred treatment for ACF DAVF, the role of endoscopy in the surgical management of DAVF is undefined. A 53-year-old woman was incidentally diagnosed with an ACF DAVF. Cerebral angiography showed a Borden type III, Cognard type IV left sided ACF DAVF, supplied by ethmoidal branches of the bilateral ophthalmic arteries and draining directly into an enlarged and ectatic left inferior frontal cortical vein, with a venous varix distal to the point of fistulization. An initial attempt at endovascular treatment from a transvenous approach was unsuccessful, due to significant stenosis of the left cavernous sinus. Therefore, we elected to proceed with surgical ligation. From an interhemispheric approach and under the guidance of frameless stereotactic neuronavigation, a 0° endoscope was advanced into the interhemispheric fissure until the arterialized draining vein was visualized. After dissecting along the draining vein to the point of fistulization, the proximal portion of the draining vein was ligated. Intraoperative angiography confirmed complete obliteration of the DAVF, and the patient was asymptomatic at the 6 week postoperative follow-up. Endoscopy provides excellent visualization of ACF DAVF and can safely facilitate surgical treatment in appropriately selected patients with these lesions.
What Virtue Argumentation Theory Misses: The Case of Compathetic Argumentation

While deductive validity provides the limiting upper bound for evaluating the strength and quality of inferences, by itself it is an inadequate tool for evaluating arguments, arguing, and argumentation. Similar remarks can be made about rhetorical success and dialectical closure. Then what would count as ideal argumentation? In this paper we introduce the concept of cognitive compathy to point in the direction of one way to answer that question. It is a feature of our argumentation rather than my argument or your argument. In that respect, compathy is like the harmonies achieved by an accomplished choir, the spontaneous coordination of athletic teamwork, or the experience of improvising jazz musicians when they are all in the flow together. It is a characteristic of arguments, not a virtue that can be attributed to individual arguers. It makes argumentation more than just the sum of its individual parts. The concept of cognitive compathy is brought into focus by locating it at the confluence of two lines of thought. First, we work up to the concept of compathy by contrasting it with empathy and sympathy in the context of emotions, which is then transplanted into epistemic, cognitive, and argumentative soil. Second, the concept is analytically linked to ideal argumentation by way of authenticity in communication. In the final section, we explore the extent to which argumentative virtues are conducive to producing compathetic argumentation, but reach the unhappy conclusion that the extra value of compathetic argumentation also transcends the evaluative reach of virtue argumentation theory.
Comparison of Outcomes of Hematopoietic Cell Transplants from T-Replete Haploidentical Donors Using Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide with 10 of 10 HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, and -DQB1 Allele-Matched Unrelated Donors and HLA-Identical Sibling Donors: A Multivariable Analysis Including Disease Risk Index

Abstract Outcomes of 475 consecutive patients undergoing first allogeneic transplantation for hematologic malignancy performed using T-replete HLA-haploidentical donors and post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (HIDT; n = 116) were compared with contemporaneous patients transplanted from 10 of 10 HLA allele-matched unrelated donors (MUDT; n = 178) or HLA-identical sibling donors (MRDT; n = 181). Uniform supportive care measures and assessments were used. Median follow-up was 45 months. HIDT patients were more likely than MUDT patients to be black (44% versus 2%; P
Resettably Secure Computation

The notion of resettable zero-knowledge (rZK) was introduced by Canetti, Goldreich, Goldwasser and Micali (FOCS'01) as a strengthening of the classical notion of zero-knowledge. A rZK protocol remains zero-knowledge even if the verifier can reset the prover back to its initial state anytime during the protocol execution and force it to use the same random tape again and again. Following this work, various extensions of this notion were considered for the zero-knowledge and witness indistinguishability functionalities. In this paper, we initiate the study of resettability for more general functionalities. We first consider the setting of resettable two-party computation where a party (called the user) can reset the other party (called the smartcard) anytime during the protocol execution. After being reset, the smartcard comes back to its original state and thus the user has the opportunity to start interacting with it again (knowing that the smartcard will use the same set of random coins). In this setting, we show that it is possible to secure realize all PPT computable functionalities under the most natural (simulation based) definition. Thus our results show that in cryptographic protocols, the reliance on randomness and the ability to keep state can be made significantly weaker. Our simulator for the aforementioned resettable two-party computation protocol (inherently) makes use of non-black box techniques. Second, we provide a construction of simultaneous resettable multi-party computation with an honest majority (where the adversary not only controls a minority of parties but is also allowed to reset any number of parties at any point). Interestingly, all our results are in the plain model.
Children of Parents Hospitalized for Mental Illness: I. Attentional and Interactional Studies.

Abstract Based on the literature regarding schizophrenia, it has been expected that aspects of attentional disorder would be communicated from parent to offspring, leading to increased vulnerability or “risk” for the development of thought disorder among such families. However, comparing groups of children of schizophrenic, depressed, and well mothers across early and middle childhood, differences, overall, across these three groups of families were less striking than had been expected, including patterns of interaction between mother and child in a structured teaching task. While evidence was found of a significant but subtle disorder of attention, greatest vulnerability consistently appeared among children of depressed mothers.
Reproductive isolation and hybrid pollen disadvantage in Ipomopsis

One cause of reproductive isolation is gamete competition, in which conspecific pollen has an advantage over heterospecific pollen in siring seeds, thereby decreasing the formation of F1 hybrids. Analogous pollen interactions between hybrid pollen and conspecific pollen can contribute to post-zygotic isolation. The herbaceous plants Ipomopsis aggregata and I. tenuituba frequently hybridize in nature. Hand-pollination of I. aggregata with pollen from F1 or F2 hybrids produced as many seeds as hand-pollination with conspecific pollen, suggesting equal pollen viability. However, when mixed pollen loads with 50% conspecific pollen and 50% hybrid pollen were applied to I. aggregata stigmas, fewer than half of the seeds had hybrid sires. Such pollen mixtures are frequently received if plants of the two species and F1 and F2 hybrids are intermixed, suggesting that this advantage of conspecific over hybrid pollen reduces backcrossing and contributes to reproductive isolation.
GPS networks: The practical side

Setting up a Global Positioning System (GPS) network presents a number of practical problems in terms of techniques, equipment, fieldcraft, logistics, organization, politics, and funding. These issues are just as important to address as the more purely scientific aspects of GPS research. The National Science Foundation (NSF) sponsored a 1-day workshop in San Francisco on December 3, 1989, the first ever to focus on the practical side of organizing and managing GPS campaigns and networks.
Removing dust from confined air volumes - A toy model

Most environments inhabited by living beings have dust. Much of that dust comes from the continuous flaking of our own skin and atmosphere borne particles of submicron size. Dust mites seem to play an important role in integrating fine scale dust, which they consume to grow, resulting in larger length scale dust. Dust continues to agglomerate and grow. Air filters are designed to remove dust and control dust agglomeration. We report a simple scaling law, based on kinematic simulations of dust filtration through a one dimensional idealized filter. The results reveal insights regarding how filters may clog in time. Our results may be of use to someone interested in designing customized air filters for optimum dust removal in an environment with a known dust distribution.
Somatic mutation and gain of copy number of PIK3CA in human breast cancer

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a group of lipid kinases that regulate signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, adhesion, survival, and motility. Even though PIK3CA amplification and somatic mutation have been reported previously in various kinds of human cancers, the genetic change in PIK3CA in human breast cancer has not been clearly identified. Fifteen breast cancer cell lines and 92 primary breast tumors (33 with matched normal tissue) were used to check somatic mutation and gene copy number of PIK3CA. For the somatic mutation study, we specifically checked exons 1, 9, and 20, which have been reported to be hot spots in colon cancer. For the analysis of the gene copy number, we used quantitative real-time PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization. We also treated several breast cancer cells with the PIK3CA inhibitor LY294002 and compared the apoptosis status in cells with and without PIK3CA mutation. We identified a 20.6% (19 of 92) and 33.3% (5 of 15) PIK3CA somatic mutation frequency in primary breast tumors and cell lines, respectively. We also found that 8.7% (8 of 92) of the tumors harbored a gain of PIK3CA gene copy number. Only four cases in this study contained both an increase in the gene copy number and a somatic mutation. In addition, mutation of PIK3CA correlated with the status of Akt phosphorylation in some breast cancer cells and inhibition of PIK3CA-induced increased apoptosis in breast cancer cells with PIK3CA mutation. Somatic mutation rather than a gain of gene copy number of PIK3CA is the frequent genetic alteration that contributes to human breast cancer progression. The frequent and clustered mutations within PIK3CA make it an attractive molecular marker for early detection and a promising therapeutic target in breast cancer.
EFFECT OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE INGESTION ON LIVER AND PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDE TURNOVER RATES.

Specific and total radioactivity of liver and serum triglycerides were determined at various times after palmitate-1-C14 injection in carbon tetrachloride-treated and control rats. A multicompartmental model of plasma and liver triglyceride metabolism was used to calculate, with the aid of a digital computer, transfer rates from one compartment to another. Analysis of the data indicates that carbon tetrachloride ingestion results in a lowering of the rate of hepatic triglyceride secretion to one-tenth of the control value. In addition, the rates of plasma triglyceride turnover and of hepatic uptake of plasma triglyceride were found to be only one-fifth of the control rates. The results are compatible with a hypothesis of disruption of hepatic mechanisms involved in the synthesis of triglyceride–protein complexes, in their secretion, or both.
Morphogenesis of Regional Systems

The most famous model of regional structure is the concentric ring model of von Thunen (1826) based on linear transportation costs, in a homogeneous plane, with a single urban market center. Subsequently this model was expanded by Christaller (1935) and Losch (1940) to multiple market centers of different sizes and different commodities, while still assuming linear transportation costs on a homogeneous plane. For both Christaller and Losch, the shape of a market area around a single center for a single commodity will be a hexagon. Thus the general structure of a regional hierarchy, based on a set of market areas for different commodities, will be a nested (Christaller) or overlapping (Losch) set of hexagons.
Comprehensive examination reading lists as indicators of scholar impact and significance

Abstract The current study extended prior citation analyses in criminology and criminal justice by drawing upon an alternative, non-published source for inquiry—reading lists provided to PhD students to aid in their preparation for criminological theory doctoral examinations. Reading lists were analyzed and the most-cited scholars were identified using various measures. The strengths and weaknesses of this methodological approach as well as implications are discussed.
A hybrid stochastic/deterministic model of intracellular HIV infection dynamics and estimation of viral production parameters

This work is the initial step in development of an intracellular/extracellular model that describes the infection progression at the animal level, while having the required accuracy at the cellular level. Hence, a hybrid stochastic/deterministic intracellular model of HIV infection is developed to accurately model the events inside the infected cell. The model determines the probability of successful completion of intracellular infection cycle and estimates the number of produced virions per infected cell.
Interactions between light and circadian rhythms in plant photoperiodism.

— The timing mechanism in plant photoperiodism seems to involve two endogenous circadian rhythms: a light-on (dawn) rhythm and a light-off (dusk) rhythm. Following a period of darkness light may affect flowering without affecting the rhythms, or it may affect flowering by rephasing the rhythms. A hypothesis is presented concerning the mechanism of the interaction between illumination and endogenous rhythms based upon correlations between leaf movements and flowering responses in various photoperiodic treatments. The possible role played by phytochrome in the response is considered in relation to the effects of light quality on the responses.
Definitions of Transpersonal BMGIM Experience

The purpose of this study was to discover definitions of transpersonal experiences of the Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music (BMGIM). A qualitative interviewing method was implemented with nine BMGIM practitioners, all with extensive experience as BMGIM clients. Participants underwent three interviews. In the first interview, participants identified several of their own BMGIM experiences (as clients) which they considered transpersonal, and several which they did not. In the second interview, with the aid of a user–interactive computer program, each participant compared her or his own experiences, revealing interrelationships among them. In the third interview, participants elaborated upon certain interrelationships among experiences which emerged in the second interview. Interpretations of experiential interrelationships revealed a definition of transpersonal BMGIM experience for each participant. Results were considered in terms of existing understandings of transpersonal BMGIM experience, as well...
Use of phase diversity and modified phase congruence for edge enhancement in ultrasonic imaging

Enhancement of boundaries is essential for the classification of suspicious regions in ultrasonic medical B scan images of internal organs so that malignancies can be identified and detected. Phase congruence has been suggested as a means to delineate the boundaries in images. Estimation of phase congruence requires the use of log-Gabor filters. In this work, spatial phase-only filters are used to generate the phase and magnitude information necessary for the estimation of phase congruence. Taking into account the multiplicative non-Rayleigh nature of speckle in these images, a modified version of phase congruence is used alongside pre-filtering with median filters to reduce speckle. Processing was undertaken on two computer-synthesized images and two B scan images of tissue-mimicking phantoms acquired using a commercial ultrasonic imaging unit. The results show that the modified phase congruence estimated after the filtering with four spatial phase-only filters enhances the boundaries of target-like regions in these images. Since these phase-only filters require fewer parameters than log-Gabor filters, the technique demonstrated in this work can provide a simple means to use phase congruence to highlight boundaries in ultrasonic images corrupted by speckle.