cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Metabotropic Glutamate (mGLU)2/3 Receptor Antagonist LY341495 [2S-2-Amino-2-(1S,2S-2-carboxycyclopropyl-1-yl)-3-(xanth-9-yl)propanoic Acid] Stimulates Waking and Fast Electroencephalogram Power and Blocks the Effects of the mGLU2/3 Receptor Agonist LY379268 [(-)-2-Oxa-4-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-4,6-dicarboxylate] in Rats

The highly selective metabotropic glutamate (mGlu)2/3 receptor agonist LY379268 [(-)-2-oxa-4-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-4,6-dicarboxylate] completely suppresses rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and strongly depresses theta (6-10 Hz) and high-frequency (10-60 Hz) power in the waking and nonrapid eye movement (NREM) EEG, effects consistent with depressed brain excitation (arousal). We hypothesized the selective mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist LY341495 [2S-2-amino-2-(1S,2S-2-carboxycyclopropyl-1-yl)-3-(xanth-9-yl)propanoic acid] given alone would 1) increase arousal, producing sleep-wake EEG effects opposite those of LY379268, and 2) block/reverse the effects of LY379268 when the drugs are coadministered. Rats with implanted electrodes were injected with 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg LY341495 at hour 5.5 of the dark period. In the coadministration study the rats received the same dose of LY341495 followed 30 min later by 1 mg/kg LY379268. LY341495 alone increased waking by reducing NREM and REM sleep. LY341495 also depressed low-frequency and stimulated high-frequency EEG power. It produced a sharp spike in theta power in waking but not NREM sleep, a striking state-dependent difference in pharmacological response. These changes indicate that blocking mGlu2/3 receptors increases brain arousal. Moreover, they show that mGlu2/3 receptors actively support arousal even in the absence of heightened glutamate excitation. The coadministration experiment demonstrates that LY341495 is selective in vivo since it dose-dependently attenuates or reverses the sleep-wake EEG effects of the highly selective mGlu2/3 receptor agonist LY379268. The capacity of mGlu2/3 receptor agonists and antagonists to alter the sleep wake balance suggests they could be developed to enhance sleep or sustain arousal. Their opposing actions on theta EEG could test the putative role of these oscillations in memory consolidation.
Research Article: Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria Found at Various Sites on Surfaces in an Urban University

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of microbial contamination and antimicrobial resistance throughout a typical urban university environment. Determining the numbers of antibiotic resistant bacteria may provide insight into the continued development of antimicrobial resistance, and may lead to changes in university inhabitants' hygiene behaviors. In this study, samples of microorganisms were obtained from 35 surfaces at Pace University-NYC on three separate days. Samples were grown on plates of tryptic soy agar (TSA) and replicated onto control-plates, and plates containing either 100 µg/mL ampicillin, 1.0 µg/mL ciprofloxacin, or 1.0 µg/mL triclosan. The presence of bacterial growth on the drug containing plates after 24 hours indicated antimicrobial resistance. The restroom floors, toilet seats, computers, and cafeteria displayed the highest number of bacterial growth, 171, 301, 87, 143 colony forming units (CFUs) respectively. These sites also contained microorganisms displa...
Feeding Camelinasativa meal to meat-type chickens: Effect on production performance and tissue fatty acid composition

SUMMARY Camelina sativa is an oilseed crop of the Brassica (Cruciferae) family that has gained increasing popularity as a biofuel source. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding Camelina sativa meal to broiler birds on bird performance, carcass characteristics, white and dark meat, and tissue (liver and adipose) total lipids and fatty acid composition. A total of 160 one-day-old Cobb chicks were kept in pens and were fed a corn- and soybean meal-based diet with added Camelina meal at 0% (control), 2.5% (CAM2.5), 5% (CAM5), and 10% (CAM10). The experimental diets were fed for a period of 42 d. Feed efficiency, calculated from 1 to 21 d of growth, was highest for the control group and lowest for the CAM10 group, and was 1.83, 1.71, 1.62, and 1.53 for birds fed the control, CAM2.5, CAM5, and CAM10 diets, respectively (P = 0.04). Overall (1- to 42-d) FE was 1.71, 1.88, 1.82, and 1.86 for birds fed the control, CAM2.5, CAM5, and CAM10 diets, respectively (P > 0.05). No difference in BW gain was observed among birds in the control, CAM5, and CAM10 treatments at 6 wk of age. There were no significant differences in carcass weight, BW gain, or FE among birds in the CAM5, CAM10, and control treatments at 42 d. Liver weight as a percentage of carcass weight was highest for the CAM2.5 diet. No differences were observed in the weights of abdominal fat, heart, spleen, gastrointestinal tract, or lungs when expressed as a percentage of carcass weight. Feeding Camelina meal led to significant increases in n-3 fatty acids in the meat and tissues (P < 0.05). α-Linolenic acid (18:3n-3) was the major n-3 fatty acid in the white and dark meat and tissues. Longer chain n-3 fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3), docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3), were present in the white and dark meat and liver tissues. Therefore, Camelina meal can be included in broiler diets up to 10% without compromising bird performance while increasing the n-3 fatty acid content of the meat.
ACTH therapy for ulcerative colitis complicated by perforation of coexisting peptic ulcer.

Summary 1.A patient with a past history of duodenal ulcer developed a perforation while being treated with ACTH. 2.The literature on the effect of ACTH in patients with peptic ulcer is summarized. 3.ACTH should be used with caution or not at all in patients who have or have had a peptic ulcer.
The Influence of Defendant Immigration Status, Country of Origin, and Ethnicity on Juror Decisions An Aversive Racism Explanation for Juror Bias

This study examined prejudicial attitudes toward immigrant defendants who vary on legal status, country of origin, and ethnicity. Three hundred twenty mock juror participants read a trial transcrip...
Monocarboxylate transporter MCT1 is located in the apical membrane and MCT3 in the basal membrane of rat RPE

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) forms the outer blood-retinal barrier and regulates the movement of nutrients, water, and ions between the choroidal blood supply and the retina. The transport properties of the RPE maintain retinal adhesion and regulate the pH and osmolarity in the space surrounding the photoreceptor cell outer segments. In this report we identify two monocarboxylate transporters, MCT1 and MCT3, expressed in rat RPE. On the basis of Northern and Western blot analyses, MCT1 is expressed in both the neural retina and the RPE, whereas the expression of MCT3 is restricted to the RPE. Using indirect immunolocalization we show that the two transporters are polarized to distinct membrane domains. MCT1 antibody labels the apical surface and the apical processes of the RPE. A polyclonal antibody produced against the carboxy terminus of rat MCT3 labels only the basolateral membrane of the RPE. The demonstration of MCT1 on the apical membrane and MCT3 on the basal membrane identifies specific proteins involved in the discriminate and critical regulation of water and lactate transport from the retina to the choroid.
Youth recovery outcomes at 6 and 9 months following participation in a mobile texting recovery support aftercare pilot study.

Background and Objectives We examined youth recovery outcomes at 6- and 9-months post-participation in an aftercare pilot study called Educating and Supporting inQuisitive Youth in Recovery (ESQYIR) that aimed to investigate the utility of a 12-week mobile texting recovery support intervention. Methods A total of 80 youth [Mage 20.4 (SD = 3.5)] were randomized to a mobile texting aftercare intervention or an aftercare-as-usual control group. Both groups received identical data collection protocols with psychosocial and behavioral assessments occurring at baseline, during the trial (months 1 and 2), at discharge from the trial (month 3), and 3-, 6-, and 9-month post-intervention follow-ups. Results Mixed modeling showed that youth who participated in the mobile texting aftercare intervention were less likely to test positive for their primary drug compared to youth in the aftercare-as-usual condition during 6- and 9-months follow-ups (p < .01). Additionally, youth in the aftercare intervention reported significantly higher self-efficacy/confidence to abstain during recovery (p < .05) and were more likely to participate in recovery-related behaviors (self-help and goal-directed extracurricular activities; p < .05) than those in aftercare-as-usual at the 6- and 9-month follow-ups. Conclusions Results suggest that delivering a structured, behavioral-based wellness aftercare intervention using mobile texting can be an effective for sustaining recovery outcomes in youth over time compared to youth who receive aftercare-as-usual. Scientific Significance This study shows that a mobile-texting aftercare intervention sustained effects at 6- and 9-months post-intervention for young people in substance use recovery. (Am J Addict 2015;XX:1–7)
Year in Review 2014: Aerosol Delivery Devices

After centuries of discoveries and technological growth, aerosol therapy remains a cornerstone of care in the management of both acute and chronic respiratory conditions. Aerosol therapy embraces the concept that medicine is both an art and a science, where an explicit understanding of the science of aerosol therapy, the nuances of the different delivery devices, and the ability to provide accurate and reliable education to patients become increasingly important. The purpose of this article is to review recent literature regarding aerosol delivery devices in a style that readers of Respiratory Care may use as a key topic resource.
Use and Evaluation of the Famous Sayings: Partial Summary through December, 1979:

Summary.-33 substantial references to research with and evaluation of the Famous Sayings test are listed. These originated from a search of the literature and replies to letters sent to 711 users of record.
Tradeoffs in resource allocation at state health agencies

BACKGROUND Priority setting is at the core of resource allocation. In recent years, priority setting in public health has occurred in the context of a difficult authorizing environment, one in which politicians have shown increasing interest in reducing the footprint of government, even during times of increased demand for social services. In this context of austerity, tradeoffs abound. These tradeoffs may occur not only within a single programmatic area in public health (e.g., cutting an infant mortality program vs a "Children With Special Health Care Needs" program) but also at a broader, more abstract level (e.g., favoring programs that are relatively more efficient for one population vs less efficient for programs serving a population in greater need of services). OBJECTIVES This project was undertaken to provide more insight into tradeoffs within state health agencies with regard to what types of tradeoffs exist and how often they occur. METHODS To characterize these tradeoffs, we engaged in a mixed-methods project where we first conducted 45 semistructured interviews with public health leaders across 6 state health agencies. Tradeoffs were elicited through open-ended questions and probes and qualitatively coded and analyzed. Next, we conducted a national survey across all state health agencies, receiving 207 responses (66% response rate). Survey respondents were asked to rate how frequently they encountered particular tradeoffs and how difficult they were to resolve. RESULTS The most frequently encountered tradeoffs were "insufficient funding for a program versus no funding for a program" (84% rating as frequently/very frequently encountered) and prioritizing "current versus future need" (80% rating as frequently/very frequently). More than 50% of respondents said that they encountered 7 of the 11 tradeoffs frequently or very frequently and found 10 of the 11 difficult or very difficult to resolve. Forty-two percent of respondents rated "services for younger groups versus services for older groups" as difficult/very difficult to resolve.
Measurement of the Σ − Polarization in the Reaction π − + p → Σ − + K +

The average polarization of the ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ produced in the reaction ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+{K}^{+}$ has been measured between center-of-mass angles 134\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 166\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} for an incident ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ momentum of 1145 MeV/c. A polarized proton target was used, and the ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ polarization was found by measuring the difference in the production rate of ${K}^{+}$ mesons for protons polarized along the production-plane normal and against it. Spark chambers were used to record the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${K}^{+}$ trajectories, and the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ momentum was obtained from a magnetic spectrometer while the ${K}^{+}$ momentum was obtained from a range telescope. Each event was kinematically reconstructed in a one-constraint fit to help eliminate events produced from protons bound in heavy nuclei of the target. The ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ polarization was found to be -0.36\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.46.
Fragmentation of Highly Charged Metallic Clusters

Multiply charged metal clusters undergo fission at a certain size. This critical size can be predicted by the liquid drop model when some modifications are taken into consideration. In this work we revise the asymmetric liquid drop model (ALD) and modify it for the alkali metals. This modification addresses those fragmentation channels in which a parent cluster with charge Ze fissions into two fragments. One of the fragments is small and singly charged whereas the second fragment is large and carries the rest of the charge. A different energetic balance equation is presented in which the ionization energy of a single atom and the energy of formation of a small cluster are included. Results and comparison to experiments is provided for Na and Cs clusters. Prediction of the critical size of Na and Cs clusters with Ze>7 is part of the discussion.
“A Broad Fluid Language of Democracy”: Discovering the American Idiom

"Of course the English Language must take on new powers in America," one popular book of the 1850s claimed. "Was it supposed that the English Language was finished? But there is no finality to a Language! The English has vast vista in it -vast vista in America."' Between the Revolution and the Civil War, the idea of an American English was invented. It was an idea hotly debated, for not everyone thought a national idiom was either a good thing or even possible. American literature might be doomed to the second-rate, the North American Review feared, because our language was from a nation "totally unlike our own." The difficulties were acute: "How tame will his language sound, who would describe Niagara in language fitted for the falls at London bridge, or attempt the majesty of the Mississippi in that which was made for the Thames?"2 Debating the category "American English" was part of an effort to imagine a nation, to construct some cohesive "thing" called the United States of America. Into fights over words, writers might pour all their profoundest hopes and deepest angst about the American nation. At stake was nothing less than control over the nation's public identity. But if discussions of American English were bound up in nineteenth-century ideologies of nationalism, they also revealed something even deeper in Western cultural life-something about the relationship of invention to discovery in modern theories of knowledge. To invent, as the eighteenth-century rhetorician Hugh Blair noted, is to make something new; to discover is to find what's there but hidden. Galileo invented the telescope; William Harvey discovered the circulation of blood.3
The viability of nitrone-alkene (3 + 2) cycloadditions in alkaloid biosynthesis.

Although evidence has mounted in recent years for the biosynthetic relevance of [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions, other cycloadditions have received much less attention. Herein we used density functional theory (DFT) calculations to assess the viability of nitrone–alkene (3 + 2) cycloaddition reactions proposed to occur during the biosynthesis of several alkaloid natural products (flueggines and virosaines). The results of our calculations indicate that these reactions have low enough intrinsic barriers and diastereoselectivity that they can proceed without enzymatic intervention.
Numerical Investigation of Low-Pressure Turbine Endwall Flows

Highly-loaded low-pressure turbine blades promise overall turbine performance improvements and lower overall costs but suffer from unacceptable endwall losses. The endwall flow physics have to better understood to develop effective flow control strategies aimed at a reduction of the endwall losses. The Air Force Research Laboratory is carrying out highly resolved particle image velocimetry measurements and oil-flow flow visualizations for the L2F airfoil at Re=100,000. To complement the wind tunnel experiments, implicit large-eddy simulations for the same airfoil are being performed for Re=100,000 and 5,000. The simulation for Re=100,000 is in good agreement with the experiment with regard to skin friction line patterns and total pressure loss coefficient. Instantaneous flow visualizations reveal a strong passage vortex that is intermittently loosing its coherence. A linear stability theory analysis of the endwall boundary layer upstream of the cascade indicates cross-flow instability. For Re=5,000 the passage vortex is steady and the suction side separation on the airfoil is much increased. As a result, the total pressure loss coefficient is significantly larger than for Re=100,000.
Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanofibers as a Cell Impedance Sensor

The paper reports a biological cell impedance sensing system based on vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNF). VACNFs having an average length of 4.45 $\rm {\mu }$ m are deterministically grown on transparent quartz substrates and are examined using SEM. The real-time impedance of Bovine Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells (BAOSMC) cultured on the VACNF array is measured and a net change in impedance is observed which indicates cell adherence on the VACNF surface.
Meteorological variability and infectious disease in Central Africa: a review of meteorological data quality.

Central African countries may bear high climate change–related infectious disease burdens because of preexisting high rates of disease, poor healthcare infrastructure, land use changes, and high environmental change vulnerabilities. However, making connections between climate and infectious diseases in this region is hampered by the paucity of high-quality meteorological data. This review analyzes the sources and quality of meteorological data used to study the interactions between weather and infectious diseases in Central African countries. Results show that 23% of studies used meteorological data that mismatched with the disease spatial scale of interest. Use of inappropriate weather data was most frequently identified in analyses using meteorological station data or gridded data products. These findings have implications for the interpretation of existing analyses and provide guidance for the use of climate data in future analyses of the connections between meteorology and infectious diseases in Central Africa.
Collecting and Analyzing Eye-Tracking Data in Outdoor Environments

Natural outdoor conditions pose unique obstacles for researchers, above and beyond those inherent to all mobile eye-tracking research. During analyses of a large set of eye-tracking data collected on geologists examining outdoor scenes, we have found that the nature of calibration, pupil identification, fixation detection, and gaze analysis all require procedures different from those typically used for indoor studies. Here, we discuss each of these challenges and present solutions, which together define a general method useful for investigations relying on outdoor eye-tracking data. We also discuss recommendations for improving the tools that are available, to further increase the accuracy and utility of outdoor eye-tracking data.
The E. histolytica Genome Structure and Virulence

The outcome of an Entamoeba histolytica infection is variable, and the contribution of genetic diversity within E. histolytica to human disease is not fully understood. The information provided by the whole genome sequence of the E. histolytica reference laboratory strain (HM-1:IMSS), and 13 additional laboratory strains have been made publically available. In this review, theories on the source of the unexpected level of structural diversity found in E. histolytica will be discussed.
Ethical Issues in Geriatric Research

Imagine yourself as a new research investigator conducting your first pilot study. Your ultimate goal is to develop an intervention that will alleviate detrimental health outcomes in the older adult population. In your first interaction with a potential study participant, Mrs. S., you suspect she may have dementia because she has asked the same question about the study at least five times. How should you proceed with the informed consent process? Should you enroll Mrs. S, despite your suspicion that she may not understand your study? Both new research investigators and experienced investigators will face ethical dilemmas like this one with Mrs. S. on a regular basis. Ethics is the study of conduct and character, and understanding ethics in the context of research with the geriatric population is critical in order for researchers to make the best decisions when ethical dilemmas present themselves. This chapter describes basic ethical issues in geriatric research, including ageism, informed consent concerns, challenges of under-recruitment, and information security risks that concern geriatric researchers.
Pregnancy-Associated Myocardial Infarction

To educate clinicians about the epidemiology, etiologies, diagnosis, and management of pregnancy-associated myocardial infarction (PAMI). The risk of myocardial infarction is increased more than threefold around the time of pregnancy. In the recent series, PAMI is most commonly caused by spontaneous coronary artery dissection, followed by atherosclerosis. Percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting may be required, but conservative management with medical therapy is generally advised when possible, particularly in cases of coronary dissection. Labor and delivery in women with PAMI warrants advanced planning by a multidisciplinary team involving obstetrics, anesthesia, and cardiology. Women with myocardial infarction should be referred to cardiac rehabilitation. Pregnancy-associated myocardial infarction is a significant contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality. Management should be tailored based on the underlying etiology and on whether the patient is still pregnant or postpartum. Further research is needed to define optimal evaluation and management of this condition.
Dynamic optical response of SU-8 upon UV treatment

We report the optical properties of SU-8 in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) region before and after UV treatment. Samples consisted of SU-8 films of thickness ranging from 10 um to 157 um deposited on gold coated silicon substrates and were prepared using spin coating. Mid-IR diffuse reflectance measurements were conducted using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Spectra measurements imply a change in optical properties of SU-8 upon exposure to UV and heat treatment. A gradual change in optical properties is seen after each step of UV treatment and the baking process. Reflectance spectra of thin-films were also observed to be thickness dependent. We calculate the dielectric function of SU-8 in the range 2 um to 15 um using the reflectance spectra of the samples.
Accuracy of Component Measurements and System Predictions

IN the Introduction and the tutorials of Chapters 9, 10, and 11 the subdomains for component testing were not chosen to obtain accurate approximations or good predictions of system properties. Subdomains were chosen instead to clearly illustrate features of the SYN tools. In the theoretical limit as subdomains approach singletons, the approximations and predictions should be exact, perfectly accurate. This chapter investigates the relationship between subdomain choice and accuracy for cases between those extremes. In general, better accuracy can be obtained by adjusting subdomains, and the SYN component-measurement tools can help to make the right adjustments, but there are a few surprises. The underlying reason for studying accuracy is to investigate the possibility of predicting and using safety factors in software development.
Yang-Mills Fields

The last five decades have witnessed many developments in the theory of harmonic maps. To become acquainted to some of these, the reader is referred to two reports and a survey paper by Eells and Lemaire [119, 122, 124] about the developments of harmonic maps up to 1988 for details. Several books on harmonic maps [203, 205, 206, 389, 425] are also available. In this chapter, we follow the notions and notations of harmonic maps between Riemannian manifolds by Eells- Sampson [129] in the introduction.We discuss the crucial topics in harmonic maps including fundamentals, regularity, maps of surfaces, maps of KRahler manifolds, maps into groups and Grassmannians, harmonic maps, loop groups, and integrable systems, harmonicmorphisms, maps of singular spaces, and transversally harmonic maps. Since the theory of harmonic maps has been developed over half a century, it is impossible to provide full details. However, we try to present the most important components of the topics.
The Effects of a Ketogenic Diet and Exercise Interventions on Cognitive Function

Insulin resistance causes impaired glucose utilization and is a hallmark of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and Type II Diabetes. The human brain heavily relies on glucose as its primary fuel source requ...
Stereochemical conversion of nucleic acid circuits via strand displacement

Remarkable accomplishments demonstrating the importance of nucleic acids in molecular engineering and computation have been made over the past two decades. However, much of the work in this area so far has been carried out in vitro, utilizing almost exclusively homochiral D-DNAs (or D-RNAs) as chemical building blocks. Such natural building blocks are prone to enzymatic degradation and cross-hybridization with the host’s genetic materials. Here we report the development of an orthogonal nucleic acid system that is made up of a left-handed and a right-handed conformer, and a non-helical peptide nucleic acid analogue. We show that the stereochemical information inherent in the right-handed and left-handed conformers can be interconverted from (R) to (S) and vice versa, along with their helical sense and recognition capability, through strand displacement. The genetic information encoded in these synthetic building blocks can be interfaced with DNA or RNA through a molecular converter. Stereo-inverted oligonucleic acids are promising tools for bioengineering but are limited by low availability of suitable monomers. Here the controlled interconversion of helical screw sense in peptide nucleic acid oligomers is achieved through strand displacement.
Plasmacytoid cells in salivary pleomorphic adenoma: an alternative interpretation of their immunohistochemical characteristics highlights function and capability for epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Objectives Plasmacytoid cells (PLCs) in salivary pleomorphic adenoma (SPA) are regarded as modified neoplastic myoepithelia and define plasmacytoid myoepithelioma (pMYO). However, histochemically, immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally, PLCs fail to demonstrate frank myogenous properties. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) may explain the phenotypes in SPA. Our aim was to evaluate (1) PLCs with accepted or purported myoepithelial and EMT-related markers; and (2) pMYOs for PLAG1 aberrations by using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Study Design Eight SPAs with or without PLC-predominance and 3 pMYOs were immunohistochemically studied. Results PLCs in SPA and pMYO exhibited strong, scattered to diffuse positivity for K7, rare K14 positivity and were mostly negative for α-smooth muscle actin, h-caldesmon, and p63/p40. S100 staining was strong and diffuse, whereas calponin was variable. DOG1 was negative. PLCs in pMYO and PLC-rich SPA exhibited selective or diffuse WT1 and D2-40 immunoreactivity. EMT markers SNAIL/SLUG exhibited strong and variable immunoreactivity in PLCs in contrast to weak or absent E-cadherin expression. SOX10 was diffusely and strongly positive. PLAG1 rearrangement was present in 1 pMYO. Conclusions PLCs mostly fail to express myoepithelial markers; PLCs are neoplastic cells adapting to microenvironmental changes and capable of EMT; and tumors composed solely of PLCs are apparently SPAs depleted of a ductal component.
Identification of recurrent fusion genes across multiple cancer types

Chromosome changes are one of the hallmarks of human malignancies. Chromosomal rearrangement is frequent in human cancers. One of the consequences of chromosomal rearrangement is gene fusions in the cancer genome. We have previously identified a panel of fusion genes in aggressive prostate cancers. In this study, we showed that 6 of these fusion genes are present in 7 different types of human malignancies with variable frequencies. Among them, the CCNH-C5orf30 and TRMT11-GRIK2 gene fusions were found in breast cancer, colon cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, esophageal adenocarcinoma, glioblastoma multiforme, ovarian cancer and liver cancer, with frequencies ranging from 12.9% to 85%. In contrast, four other gene fusions (mTOR-TP53BP1, TMEM135-CCDC67, KDM4-AC011523.2 and LRRC59-FLJ60017) are less frequent. Both TRMT11-GRIK2 and CCNH-C5orf30 are also frequently present in lymph node metastatic cancer samples from the breast, colon and ovary. Thus, detecting these fusion transcripts may have significant biological and clinical implications in cancer patient management.
Treatment of γ-Hydroxybutyric Acid and γ-Butyrolactone Overdose with Two Potent Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 Inhibitors, AZD3965 and AR-C155858

The illicit use of γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), and its prodrug, γ-butyrolactone (GBL), results in severe adverse effects including sedation, coma, respiratory depression, and death. Current treatment of GHB/GBL overdose is limited to supportive care. Recent reports indicate that GHB-related deaths are on the rise; a specific treatment may reduce lethality associated with GHB/GBL. Pretreatment with inhibitors of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), a transporter that mediates many of the processes involved in the absorption, distribution (including brain uptake), and elimination of GHB/GBL, has been shown to prevent GHB-induced respiratory depression by increasing the renal clearance of GHB. To identify whether MCT1 inhibition is an effective treatment of GHB overdose, the impact of two MCT1 inhibitors, (S)-5-(4-hydroxy-4-methylisoxazolidine-2-carbonyl)-1-isopropyl-3-methyl-6-((3-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)thieno[2,3-day]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (AZD3965) and 6-[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl]-5-[[(4S)-4-hydroxy-2-isoxazolidinyl]carbonyl]-3-methyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)thieno[2,3-day]pyrimidine2,4(1H,3H)-dione (AR-C155858), on the toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of GHB/GBL was assessed when the administration of the inhibitor was delayed 60 and 120 minutes (post-treatment) after administration of GHB/GBL. AR-C155858 and AZD3965 reduced the toxicodynamic effects of GHB when GHB was administered intravenously, orally, or orally as the prodrug GBL. The impact of these inhibitors on GHB toxicokinetics was dependent on the route of GHB administration and the delay between GHB/GBL administration and administration of the MCT1 inhibitor. The reduction in GHB plasma exposure did not explain the observed effect of MCT1 inhibition on GHB-induced respiratory depression. The efficacy of MCT1 inhibition on GHB toxicodynamics is likely driven by the pronounced reduction in GHB brain concentrations. Overall, this study indicates that inhibition of MCT1 is an effective treatment of GHB/GBL overdose.
Nutritional Value of Nutrient Source May to Lead Different Preferences of Nezara viridula

The southern green stinkbug, Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) is a pest of a wide variety of crops including corn and green beans across the southern United States. Information on its preference for corn over green beans or vice versa is limited and more research should be conducted. Ten N. viridula stinkbugs were utilized in this study and allowed to choose whether to feed upon corn or green beans through a network of containers. Eight trials were conducted over a period of four days. Results suggest N. viridula stinkbugs chose green beans over corn, which could be contributed to the difference in the nutritional content of the green beans and corn. However, this is not an absolute, there are many other other variables that may have added to this result and further research should be conducted.
Effective Data Placement to Reduce Cache Thrashing in Last Level Cache

In multicore or heterogeneous platforms, the last level cache (LLC) is usually shared by multiple resources and its performance has a significant impact to overall performance. Effective utilization of the LLC helps in reducing the effect of costly miss penalty. As the number of cores and threads per core increases, the number of sets utilized at certain point of time is limited, which is leading to cache thrashing. In this paper, we propose an efficient cache data placement of last level cache which reduces the effect of cache thrashing. It is observed that the decrease in cache performance of multithreaded applications is due to inefficient usage of cache sets. The initial performance analysis is done by running 6 benchmarks from PARSEC 2.1 and SPLASH2 benchmark suites. The miss traces of L1 caches are obtained and a trace driven L2 cache simulator. Miss rate reduction is observed from the proposed data placement method. Also, we see the effective usage of sets with the proposed cache thrashing reduction scheme.
A proxy of social mate choice in prairie warblers is correlated with consistent, rapid, low-pitched singing

In songbirds, female mate choice may be influ- enced by how well a male performs his songs. Performing songs well may be especially difficult if it requires maximiz- ingmultipleaspectsofperformancesimultaneously.Wethere- fore hypothesized that, in a population of prairie warblers, the males most attractive to females would be those with superior performance in more than one facet of singing. We tested this prediction by comparing different aspects of song perfor- mance, as well as different combinations of these aspects, to determine which were the best predictors of first-egg date, which we took to be a proxy for social mate choice. We found thatfirst-egg datewasbestpredicted bya combination ofsong performance traits that included consistent performance, rapid rate, and low pitch. Female preference for males capable of physically challenging song performance may have contribut- ed to the evolution of acoustically complex vocalizations in oscine songbirds, because if complex sounds are more difficult to perform, they may be favored by selection for signal reliability.
The Role of Technology and Medical Devices in Enhancing Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Outcomes

Medical technologies of all types are ubiquitous in pediatric cardiac critical care. Despite the widespread use of technology in the PICU there is a paucity of evidence directly linking these technologies to improved outcomes. This chapter first places technology in the larger context of healthcare systems. It further explores the evidence for technologies ranging from electrocardiograms to mechanical support and electronic health records. Additional attention is given to special topics of the impact of alarms and alerts, as well as the role of technology in human cognition.
Geographic Trends in Clinical Trials in Lymphoma, 1997-2017

Abstract Background In order to fulfil their medical and academic mission, clinical trials have to be available to the very populations they are intended to serve. A broad and homogenous geographic distribution is thus paramount to ensure patient fairness as well as to allow optimal generalizability of trial results to real-world populations. We aimed to investigate trends in the geographic distribution of clinical trials in lymphoma performed over the past 2 decades. Methods We systematically searched the Clinicaltrials.gov registry for phase 3 and 4 clinical trials in lymphoma conducted between 01/01/1997 and 12/31/2017. We divided the time period into two intervals and analysed the geographic distribution of trials during these time periods. The Gini coefficient, a statistical measure of inequality ranging from 0 (equal distribution) to 1 (most unequal distribution), was calculated for each period. Results We found 633 clinical trials in lymphoma conducted between 1997 and 2017 globally. 284 and 349 trials were performed in the 1997-2007 and 2008-2017 time periods, respectively. 127 (50%) and 138 (39.5%) of the trials were done in the US. Hodgkin Lymphoma accounted for 55 (19.3%) and 42 (12.0%) studies in the two time periods. CA, TX, IL and NY were consistently in the upper one-fifth of trial-abundant states (each accounting for 3.5-4.5% of all trials). AK, WY, MT and RI were consistently in the lower one-fifth of trial-abundant states (each accounting for 0.13-0.84% of trials). The trial participation of NY and AK mildly increased during the time period while that of TX and RI decreased. In each of the time periods, the 12 most trial-intense states accounted for 41.5% of all investigations. The 12 least trial-intense states were responsible for 8.8% of all the trials. The extent of geographic inequality increased over the years with the Gini coefficient rising from 0.246 to 0.3 between the first and second study period. The geographical pattern of state-specific trial intensity was strongly mitigated after adjusting for each state's population size. Conclusions The geographic distribution of clinical trials in lymphoma in the U.S is not uniform. Our data suggests that the trend of geographic mal-distribution is worsening, a phenomenon that may lead to deleterious public health outcomes. As patients' enrolment continues to be linked to geographic factors, patients' ability to enter clinical trials may be limited and the representation of real-world participants may be skewed (towards particular zip codes, socio-economical status and education levels, etc), consequently affecting the yield and generalizability of clinical trials. Innovative solutions must be devised to minimise any barriers to trial participation for suitable patients. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Is there enough focus on lipophilicity in drug discovery

Drug discovery is an expensive and prolonged process with a new drug molecule requiring approximately 12–15 years of development and an estimated $2.6 billion to reach the market as an effective th...
Experimental analysis of metal coated dielectric waveguides

In this paper we have investigated the experimental characteristics of metal coated dielectric waveguides with a rectangular surface corrugation. The waveguide is designed to operate at a second Bragg frequency of 90 GHz. The period, height and the duty cycle of the rectangular grating were calculated from the chosen frequency. A metallic layer of aluminum is sputtered on one side of the slab waveguide. The purpose of the metallic layer is to simulate a layer of high density plasma on the surface of the waveguide instead of using an optical source. Experiments are performed to examine the far field radiation pattern, attenuation constant and the dispersion relation. Due to the presence of the plasma layer there will be an angular shift in the far field radiation pattern. We have observed a phaseshift of about 20A‚Â° in the radiation pattern of the waveguide before and after coating the metallic layer. Measurements are made in the frequency range of 88-95 GHz. This waveguide structure can be used to de sign an electronically steerable antenna and an electronic phaseshifter operating in the millimeter-wave frequency band. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theory. This way we have verified the grating theory experimentally.
Progressive Realism: Possible? Yes. Cogent? Perhaps Not

Prominent mid-century classical realists (e.g., E.H. Carr, John Herz, Hans J. Morgenthau) married identifiably realist ideas about international relations to left-liberal (and progressive) political sympathies, in some cases advocating a fundamental reorganization of the interstate system along globalist institutional lines. Although the history of international ideas clearly suggests the possibility of a progressive realist synthesis, legitimate questions can still be raised about its overall theoretical coherence.
Tetralogy of Fallot palliation in a COVID-19 positive neonate.

• Although severe multisystemic manifestations have been defined in adults, there is limited data on the disease burden of COVID-19 in infants and children. • We present the case of a 15-day-old infant who was born with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), and was found to be COVID-19 positive on day 7 of life. • Among symptomatic children, 5% have dyspnea or hypoxemia, and 0.6% progress to acute respiratory distress or multi organ dysfunction. • In the face of this sustained public health crisis, the concomitant occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 with pediatric congenital heart disease may become more common; guidance on appropriate management of patients is imperative to ensure patient safety.
National Physician Survey for Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation (NVAF) Anticoagulation Comparing Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Cardiologist to PCPs.

Introduction:NVAF is estimated to affect between 6.4 and 7.4 million Americans in 2018, and increases the risk of stroke 5-fold. To mitigate this risk, guidelines recommend anticoagulating AF patie...
The Pathogenesis of Race and Ethnic Disparities: Targets for Achieving Health Equity.

In an increasingly diverse nation of Black, Hispanic, Asian, Native American, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, and White individuals, health disparities among racial and ethnic groups are prevalent, pervasive, and persistent. Largely brought to attention in 1985 by the Secretary’s
The efficiency of government expenditure: experiences from Africa

Abstract This paper assesses the efficiency of government expenditure on education and health in 37 countries in Africa in 1984–1995, both in relation to each other and compared with countries in Asia and the Western Hemisphere. The results show that, on average, countries in Africa are less efficient than countries in Asia and the Western Hemisphere; however, education and health spending in Africa became more efficient during that period. The assessment further suggests that improvements in educational attainment and health output in African countries require more than higher budgetary allocations.
Integrated experimental and numerical study on flexural properties of cross laminated timber made of low-value sugar maple lumber

Abstract The objective of this study is to examine the mechanical performance of cross laminated timber (CLT) panels made of low-value sugar maple under out of plane loads through mechanical tests and numerical simulation. The laminations were sorted into High and Low classes based on the measured modulus of elasticity (MOE). Two 3-layer sugar maple CLT layups as High-Low-High and Low-High-Low glued with resorcinol-based adhesive and one CLT layup of High-Low-High glued with melamine-based adhesive were prepared. Block shear, long-span bending (span-to-depth ratio of 33:1) and short-span bending (5.5:1) tests were conducted to evaluate the bonding, flexural and shear behavior of these low-value sugar maple CLTs. With a limited sample size, the lab-manufactured low-value sugar maple CLT provided a 50% to 80% higher MOE and at least two times higher MOR than CLT type E1 from APA/PRG 320. Similar MOE and MOR improvements were found by comparing CLT made with other species from literatures. The finite element simulation of bending tests was conducted with the orthogonal constitutive law and the progressive damage model based on the calibrated material properties parameters from lumber rating and references. The simulation results on each CLT panel type have a reasonable comparison with experimental test data. Therefore, these integrated experiment and simulation methods can provide detailed mechanical behaviors of the low-value sugar maple CLT, which can also be applied to other CLT species and layup.
Fiber Optic Sensor — A Simple Demonstration of Image Transmission

A Simple fiber optic sensor which maps the reflectivity contours of a surface is described. This extrinsic type sensor can be used to transmit images from one place to another.
Organizational Commitment in the Nonprofit Sector and the Underlying Impact of Stakeholders and Organizational Support.

This study addresses a major challenge the nonprofit sector is facing: low organizational commitment from employees. In response to the call to take into consideration contextual and institutional factors, it draws from the stakeholder theory and the organizational support theory to investigate how internal and external organizational processes could influence organizational commitment. The quantitative data collected from over 200 nonprofit employees revealed that organizational commitment was positively related to engaged leadership, community engagement effort, degree of formalization in daily operations, and perceived intangible support for employees. Further analysis showed that tangible support measured as perceived fair pay has an indirect effect, which is contingent upon how well the nonprofits engage with internal and external stakeholders. Findings suggest that nonprofit employees’ personal tangible gains may come second when assessing their commitment to the organization; instead, how well their employer manages stakeholder relationships in a larger community plays a more significant role.
Comparing Campaign Finance and Vote-Based Measures of Ideology

I show that campaign finance-based measures of ideology (CFScores) and vote-based measures of ideology (NOMINATE) have become entirely uncorrelated among Democratic legislators in the US Congress. ...
Abstract 14003: The Role of Sex Hormones in Accelerated Vascular Disease Among Premenopausal Women With Type 1 Diabetes

Women who have type 1 diabetes (T1D) suffer prematurely from coronary artery disease (CAD), resulting in increased mortality and approximately 15 years shorter lifespan than women without diabetes....
Nature and Origin of Perispaptic Cells of the Motor End Plate

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the nature and origin of perisynaptic cells of the motor end plate. Studies of the cells composing the bell mouth of Henle surrounding the motor end plate indicate that it is composed of cells which are an extension of the perineural epithelium. The perineural epithelial cell membrane in turn is the continuation of the pia-arachnoid mater from the central nervous system. Thus the whole peripheral nervous system from its origin in the central nervous system up to and including the terminal end organs is completely enclosed in a cellular, protoplasmically intact, membrane composed of one or more layers of flattened squamous epithelial cells. These are perisynaptic cells, and are not Schwann cells (teloglia) but are a continuation of the perineural epithelium covering of that nerve which forms the motor end plate.