cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
When Motivated Thought Leads to Heightened Bias: High Need for Cognition Can Enhance the Impact of Stereotypes on Memory

Four studies explored the relationship between need for cognition (the tendency to engage in and enjoy thinking) and memory for stereotype-consistent and stereotype-neutral information. The data from all four studies showed that participants who were high in need for cognition remembered more stereotype-consistent information than participants who were low in need for cognition. Judgment data collected in Experiment 4 indicated that despite this memory difference, the judgments of those low in need for cognition were more influenced by stereotypes than the judgments of those who were high in need for cognition. These results suggest that stereotypes affect the cognitive processes of both those who are cognitively lazy and those who are cognitively active, but these stereotypes manifest themselves in different ways for individuals who differ in their level of need for cognition.
The confluence of landscape context and site-level management in determining Midwestern savanna and woodland breeding bird communities

Species distributions are determined by complex interplays between multi-scale factors. Conservation management, however, often occurs at a single scale of the site level. This is true for bird communities of restored savannas and mixed woodlands in the central U.S. In this region, many historic open-canopy oak savanna habitats have become closed canopy mixed woodlands due to loss of landscape-scale disturbance from fire and grazing. Site-level management efforts return some mixed woodland habitats back to savanna through fire and mechanical thinning. Savanna and woodland historically formed complex mosaic landscapes at the ecotone between prairies and Eastern deciduous forests and now exist within landscapes that vary in amount of open (e.g., perennial grassland and row crop agriculture) and woodland habitat. To understand the interplay between site and landscape level factors in savanna restoration, we sampled the breeding bird community in four combinations of site and landscape: restored savanna in open landscapes, restored savanna in woodland landscapes, and closed canopy woodland in both landscapes. We found that the outcome of site-level savanna restoration depended on the surrounding landscape. Compared to other treatment types, restored savannas in open landscapes supported a distinctive bird community characterized by high species richness, bird abundance, and percent of ground feeders, shrub nesters, and edge species. Both savanna and woodland sites in the open landscape had a higher percent of species of conservation concern, while at both site and landscape levels, woodland was associated with a higher percent of area sensitive species and habitat specialists. Our results suggest savanna restoration efforts should focus on sites that exist either in open country or on edges where closed canopy forest meets open country. This strategy would combine site and landscape level benefits of savanna restoration for avian diversity, while also preserving the conservation benefits of large tracts of intact forest.
Purification and characterization of glutathione S-transferases of rat uterus

Abstract Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) provide protection to cells against electrophilic xenobiotics as well as lipid hydroperoxides and 4-hydroxynonenal generated during lipid peroxidation. The catalytic properties of the α class GSTs are well suited for detoxification of electrophilic products of lipid peroxidation. An immunologically distinct subgroup of the α class GST isozymes having high activity towards 4-hydroxynonenal has been recently identified in several mammalian tissues [Zimniak et al. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 992–1000]. Since oxidative stress can exert deleterious effects during gestation, the present studies were performed to determine whether the rat homolog of this group of GSTs, rGST 8-8, is expressed in gravid rat uterus, where it may function as a defense mechanism against oxidative stress. GSTs were purified by GSH-affinity chromatography. Individual GST isozymes were separated by column isoelectric focusing and their immunologic identities were established using highly specific polyclonal antibodies in Western blot analysis. Their expression was quantified and kinetic properties were characterized. Rat uterus contained an α class GST (pI 9.8), a π class GST (pI 8.1), two μ class GSTs (pI 6.7 and 6.2) and rGST 8-8. This result indicated that rGST subunits 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 8 are present in rat uterus. The relative abundance of rGST 8-8 in the gravid rat uterus was found to be about three-fold higher as compared with that previously seen in rat liver. Higher relative abundance of rGST8-8 in gravid rat uterus suggests that it may play a protective role against the deleterious effects of lipid peroxidation during gestation.
Mixed-Signal Circuits Using 250nm InP HBT Technology Integrated with 90nm CMOS

Digital Analog converters using InP HBTs and 90nm CMOS have been designed using the novel HRL integration process developed under the DARPA COSMOS program. These circuits demonstrate that this process is capable of providing a compelling alternative to traditional Si/SiGe BiCMOS implementations for producing highly integrated state-of-the-art mixed signal and digitally-assisted analog circuits.
Ultralow-cost surface-micromachined tunneling sensor

Hughes Electronics has developed a novel surface micromachining process for fabricating extremely low cost integrated tunneling sensors for a wide variety of military and commercial applications. Previously fabricated bulk micromachined tunneling devices have demonstrated the high displacement sensitivity (approximately 4.0 X 10 -5 nm/(root)Hz at 500 Hz) obtainable with tunneling transduction. However, these early devices were fabricated with processes that yielded fairly large multi- wafer sensors which are difficult to integrate with the control electronics and package, thus limiting commercial development. This paper describes our surface micromachining techniques, their compatibility with large volume production, accelerometer device performance, and the system applications for this new technology.
Temperature acclimation and competitive fitness: an experimental test of the beneficial acclimation assumption.

Abstract Phenotypic acclimation is generally assumed to confer an advantage in the environment that stimulates the response. To test this beneficial acclimation assumption explicitly, we investigated the consequences of temperature acclimation for the fitness of Escherichia coli at two temperatures, 32 degrees C and 41.5 degrees C. Both temperatures permit growth and long-term persistence of the genotypes in serial culture. We found that prior acclimation to 32 degrees C, relative to acclimation to 41.5 degrees C, enhanced fitness at 32 degrees C, consistent with the assumption. But prior acclimation to 41.5 degrees C actually reduced fitness at 41.5 degrees C, relative to acclimation to 32 degrees C. Hence, the assumption that acclimation always confers an advantage is demonstrated to be false. Acclimation to 41.5 degrees C did, however, improve survival at 50 degrees C, a lethal temperature. This protective response has been shown to be associated with the induction of stress proteins. The reduced competitive fitness caused by acclimation at 41.5 degrees C may reflect a physiological burden associated with expression of stress proteins when they are not needed to prevent lethal damage. Whatever the cause, acclimation to the higher temperature decreased competitive fitness at that temperature.
Channel evolution and hydrologic variations in the Colorado River basin: Factors influencing sediment and salt loads

Abstract Suspended-sediment and dissolved-solid (salt) loads decreased after the early 1940s in the Colorado Plateau portion of the Colorado River basin, although discharge of major rivers — the Colorado, Green and San Juan — did not change significantly. This decline followed a period of high sediment yield caused by arroyo cutting. Reduced sediment loads have previously been explained by a change in sediment sampling procedures or changes in climate, land-use and conservation practices. More recent work has revealed that both decreased sediment production and sediment storage in channels of tributary basins produced the decline of sediment and salt loads. Sediment production and sediment storage are important components of incised-channel evolution, which involves sequential channel deepening, widening and finally floodplain formation. Accordingly, the widespread arroyo incision of the late nineteenth century resulted initially in high sediment loads. Since then, loads have decreased as incised channels (arroyos) have stabilized and begun to aggrade. However, during the 1940s, a period of low peak discharges permitted vegetational colonization of the valley floors, which further reduced sediment loads and promoted channel stabilization. This explanation is supported by experimental studies and field observations. Both geomorphic and hydrologic factors contributed to sediment storage and decreased sediment and salt loads in the upper Colorado River basin.
Spinocerebellar ataxia: Variable age of onset and linkage to human leukocyte antigen in a large kindred

We studied a seven-generation kindred with autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) to assess linkage relationships to multiple human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci on the short arm of chromosome 6. Age at onset, clinical features, and course of the disease are described. Although the mean age of onset was 34 years in this family, in 6 of 41 affected individuals onset was below 15 years of age and was accompanied by the unique clinical features of mental retardation and rapid progression of disease. Linkage studies were performed on 93 individuals, and the results show strong evidence for linkage of the SCA locus to the HLA loci. A maximum logarithm of the odds score of 5.83 was found at a recombination fraction of 0.12. This is the first documentation of childhood onset in the HLA-linked form of SCA.
The structure of the s-degrees contained within a single e-degree

Abstract For any enumeration degree a let D a s be the set of s -degrees contained in a . We answer an open question of Watson by showing that if a is a nontrivial Σ 2 0 -enumeration degree, then D a s has no least element. We also show that every countable partial order embeds into D a s . Finally, we construct Σ 2 0 -sets A and B such that B ≤ e A but for every X ≡ e B , X ≰ s A .
Selective electron-induced decomposition of CVD SiO2 overlayers on oxides

The electron-induced decomposition (EID) of SiO/sub 2/ overlayers on various high surface area oxide substrates was studied using Auger electron analysis (AES). Bulk SiO/sub 2/ was stable upon electron bombardment, but bulk Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ decomposed readily to elemental Al when the primary electron beam energy was 2 keV and the beam current was 6--16 ..mu..A. On the other hand, SiO/sub 2/ overlayers having an average thickness of about 10 A on Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ decomposed selectively under the same conditions. In contrast to Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ substrates, SiO/sub 2/ overlayers on TiO/sub 2/, ZrO/sub 2/, and MgO were quite stable to the same electron bombardment. Therefore it is concluded that Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ accelerates the EID of SiO/sub 2/ overlayers and the SiO/sub 2/ overlayer suppresses EID of Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ substrates.
Myocyte–fibroblast electrical coupling: the basis of a stable relationship?

This editorial refers to ‘Arrhythmogenic consequences of myofibroblast–myocyte coupling’ by T.P. Nguyen et al. , pp. 242–251, this issue. Fibroblasts are the most common cell type in the adult human heart, making up around 60% of total cell numbers. While fibroblasts are numerically in the majority, about 75% of the volume of the working muscle of the heart is composed of myocytes.1 Myocytes are highly coupled with other myocytes by gap junctions (GJs), and GJs in turn are thought to be necessary for propagation of the cardiac action potential.2 Interstitial fibroblasts can be found interspersed within the network of GJ-coupled myocytes,3 where their role is assumed largely to be in the synthesis of extracellular matrix, response to mechanical and electrical stimuli, and secretion of growth factors and hormones involved in cardiac homeostasis. In response to injury, fibroblasts proliferate, undergo differentiation into myofibroblasts, and synthesize excess extracellular matrix, which can interrupt normal myocyte–myocyte coupling by physically separating cells.4 In the infarct border zone after myocardial infarction (MI), fibroblasts undergo this characteristic response, causing localized changes to tissue architecture that may contribute to non-uniform conduction and reentrant arrhythmias. Although GJs between myocytes are known to be essential for normal heart function, there has been debate as to whether myocytes and fibroblasts form electrical contacts via GJs under normal or diseased conditions5 (reviewed in Kohl and Camelliti6) and whether this coupling results in adverse electrophysiological consequences. In co-culture, the lower negative resting potential of fibroblast cell membranes can contribute to depolarization of myocytes via GJs,7,8 raising the prospect that such electrotonic coupling may contribute to arrhythmias. Nguyen et al. 9 have used an ingenious biological-computational approach to study the potential implications …
Parent–Child Feedback Predicts Sibling Contrast: Using Twin Studies to Test Theories of Parent–Offspring Interaction in Infant Behavior

Several studies report apparent sibling contrast effects in analyses of twin resemblance. In the presence of genetic differences, contrast effects reduce the dizygotic (DZ) twin correlation relative to that in monozygotic (MZ) twins and produce higher DZ than MZ variance. Explanations of contrast effects are typically cast in terms of direct social interaction between twins or an artifact of the process of rating children by their parents. We outline a model for sibling imitation and contrast effects that depends on social interaction between parents and children. In addition to predicting the observed pattern of twin variances and covariances, the parental mediation of child imitation and contrast effects leads to differences in the variance of parents of MZ and DZ twins and differences between the correlations of parents with their MZ and DZ children.
China's Ethical Dilemmas Under Globalization and Uncertainty: Implications for HRD

The ProblemGlobalization has created increased economic and social uncertainty to China partially represented by daunting ethical dilemmas. It is critical for Chinese human resource development (HR...
Time to cardioversion of recurrent atrial arrhythmias after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation and long-term clinical outcome.

TimetoCardioversionAfterCatheterAblation. Introduction:Itisunclearwhetherearlyrestorationofsinusrhythminpatientswithpersistentatrialarrhythmiasaftercatheterablationofatrialfibrillation (AF) facilitates reverse atrial remodeling and promotes long-term maintenance of sinus rhythm. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the time to restoration of sinus rhythm after a recurrence of an atrial arrhythmia and long-term maintenance of sinus rhythm after radiofrequency catheter ablation of AF. Methods and Results: Radiofrequency catheter ablation was performed in 384 consecutive patients (age 60 ± 9 years) for paroxysmal (215 patients) or persistent AF (169 patients). Transthoracic cardioversion was performed in all 93 patients (24%) who presented with a persistent atrial arrhythmia: AF (n = 74) or atrial flutter (n = 19) at a mean of 51 ± 53 days from the recurrence of atrial arrhythmia and 88 ± 72 days from the ablation procedure. At a mean of 16 ± 10 months after the ablation procedure, 25 of 93 patients (27%) who underwent cardioversion were in sinus rhythm without antiarrhythmic therapy. Among the 46 patients who underwent cardioversion at ≤30 days after the recurrence, 23 (50%) were in sinus rhythm without antiarrhythmic therapy. On multivariate analysis of clinical variables, time to cardioversion within 30 days after the onset of atrial arrhythmia was the only independent predictor of maintenance of sinus rhythm in the absence of antiarrhythmic drug therapy after a single ablation procedure (OR 22.5; 95% CI 4.87‐103.88, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Freedom from AF/flutter is achieved in approximately 50% of patients who undergo cardioversion within 30 days of a persistent atrial arrhythmia after catheter ablation of AF. (J Cardiovasc
Environment and active living: the roles of health risk and economic factors.

Abstract Purpose. This study examines the associations that a neighborhood's physical and social environments have with transportation and recreation physical activities, with an emphasis on the roles of health risk and economic factors. Design. It is a cross-sectional study with a hypothesis-testing approach. Setting. The study was conducted within the city of Seattle, Washington. Subjects. The subjects included 438 able-bodied, randomly selected adults. Measures. Physical activity and sociodemographic data came from a telephone survey (34% response rate). Environmental variables were measured subjectively as people's perceptions and objectively using the Geographic Information System. Bivariate analyses and the Structural Equation Model were used to test the overall theoretic framework and the relationships among latent and observed variables. Results. Lower-income populations lived in areas with more routine destinations and higher densities and were more active for transportation than higher-income po...
On the relationship between specific root length and the rate of root proliferation: a field study using citrus rootstocks

summary This study tested two hypotheses: (1) species with roots that have a high length to dry mass ratio or specific root length (SRL) also have the potential for high rates of root growth in small volumes of favourable soil and (2) variation in average root diameter fully accounts for variation in SRL. To minimize differences among shoots, the study used 13-year-old ‘Valencia’ sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] trees budded to rootstocks representing a range of genotypes. Soil cores 7.4 cm in diameter and 14.2 cm deep were extracted from beneath the canopy, and the soil was sieved free of roots and replaced. Root length, diameter and dry weight of the roots in the disturbed soil and adjacent undisturbed soil were evaluated 5, 10, 19 and 40 weeks following soil replacement. The disturbed soil had a higher water content than the undisturbed soil for the first three sampling dates. Averaged across rootstocks, root length density increased in a linear fashion in the disturbed soil and was comparable to that in the undisturbed soil by 40 weeks. Mean root diameter of the fibrous roots (< 2 mm) declined with age. Rootstocks with the highest SRL had the most rapid rate of root proliferation (cm cm−3 wk−1) (r= 0.94) and the greatest rate of water extraction at 19 weeks (r= 0.79). Although variation in root diameter contributed to rootstock variation in SRL, the data also suggested that rootstocks of high SRL had roots with lower tissue density than those of low SRL (P < 0.05). The potential trade-offs of constructing root systems of high SRL are discussed.
Scheduling by iterative partition of bottleneck conflicts

The author describes conflict partition scheduling (CPS), a novel methodology that constructs solutions to scheduling problems by repeatedly identifying bottleneck conflicts and posting constraints to resolve them. The identification of bottleneck conflicts is based on a capacity analysis using a stochastic simulation methodology. Once a conflict is identified, CPS does not attempt to resolve it completely; instead it introduces constraints that merely decrease its criticality. By reducing the amount by which each scheduling decision prunes the search space, CPS tries to minimize the chance of getting lost in blind alleys. The effectiveness of CPS was demonstrated by an experimental analysis that compared CPS to two current scheduling methods: micro-opportunistic constraint-directed search and min-conflict iterative repair. CPS is shown to perform better than both on a standard benchmark of constraint satisfaction scheduling problems. >
Three-dimensional wafer stacking via Cu-Cu bonding integrated with 65-nm strained-Si/low-k CMOS technology

The authors report the first demonstration of integrating wafer stacking via Cu bonding with strained-Si/low-k 65-nm CMOS technology. Sets of 330 mm wafers with active devices such as 65-nm MOSFETs and 4-MB SRAMs were bonded face-to-face using copper pads with size ranging between 5 /spl mu/m/spl times/5 /spl mu/m and 6 /spl mu/m/spl times/40 /spl mu/m. The top wafers were thinned to different thicknesses in the range 5 to 28 /spl mu/m. Through-silicon-vias (TSVs) and backside metallization were used to enable electrical testing of both wafers in the Cu-stacked configuration. We tested individual transistors in the thinned silicon of bonded wafer pairs where the thinned silicon thickness ranged from 14 to 19 /spl mu/m. All results showed that both n- and p-channel transistors preserved their electrical characteristics after Cu bonding, thinning, and TSV integration. We also demonstrated the functionality of stacked 65-nm 4-MB SRAMs by independently testing the cells in both the thinned wafer and the bottom wafer. For the SRAM, we tested a wider thinned wafer thickness range from 5 to 28 /spl mu/m. On all tested samples, we did not find any impact to the electrical performance of the arrays resulting from the three-dimensional (3-D) integration process. The stacked SRAM is an experimental demonstration of the use of 3-D integration to effectively double transistor packing density for the same planar footprint. The results presented in this letter enable further exploratory work in high-performance 3-D logic, which takes advantage of the improved interconnect delays offered by this Cu-bonding stacking scheme integrated with modern CMOS processes.
The Impact of District Magnitude on Voter Drop‐Off and Roll‐Off in American Elections

This study demonstrates that multimember districts (MMDs) complicate ballots, reduce voter information, and increase incentives for strategic voting in ways that reduce voter participation. Using data from three states that elect members of at least one legislative chamber from both single-member districts (SMDs) and MMDs, we test hypotheses about the impact on MMDs on ballot drop-off (selecting fewer candidates for an office than permissible) and roll-off (not voting in down-ballot races). We find support for both sets of hypotheses, with the strongest results related to ballot drop-off. The results have broad implications for voter participation, representation, and election administration in the many states and localities that use MMDs to elect public officials.
Justice is blind: A model for analyzing metaphor transformations and narratives in actual discourse

In this article I present a model of how metaphors are transformed and re-presented as narratives, how this process helps shape communicative interactions, and how it contributes to relevance effects and the generation of meaning, often by simultaneously affecting multiple cognitive contexts. I demonstrate the application of the model to samples of discourse from current research and show how it can contribute to understanding troubled communicative relationships and potentially to improving communication in situations of misunderstanding and conflict.
Tied mixture continuous parameter modeling for speech recognition

The acoustic-modeling problem in automatic speech recognition is examined with the goal of unifying discrete and continuous parameter approaches. To model a sequence of information-bearing acoustic feature vectors which has been extracted from the speech waveform via some appropriate front-end signal processing, a speech recognizer basically faces two alternatives: (1) assign a multivariate probability distribution directly to the stream of vectors, or (2) use a time-synchronous labeling acoustic processor to perform vector quantization on this stream, and assign a multinomial probability distribution to the output of the vector quantizer. With a few exceptions, these two methods have traditionally been given separate treatment. A class of very general hidden Markov models which can accommodate feature vector sequences lying either in a discrete or in a continuous space is considered; the new class allows one to represent the prototypes in an assumption-limited, yet convenient way, as tied mixtures of simple multivariate densities. Speech recognition experiments, reported for two (5000- and 20000-word vocabulary) office correspondence tasks, demonstrate some of the benefits associated with this technique. >
Radio Frequency Interactions with Air Cargo Container Materials for Real-Time Cold Chain Monitoring

Transportation is an important part of the supply chain as goods are being transported over thousands of kilometers from their production sites to consumers thanks to increasing globalization. Many perishable items, most of which are temperature sensitive, need to be transported by air due to their short shelf life. Today's regulations do not allow RFID (radio frequency identification) to be utilized inside aircrafts during flight, but the need for real time cold chain management is pushing the air cargo industry to investigate the capabilities of this technology. Since, environmental conditions highly influence the RFID system's outcome, it is mandatory to understand the RF behavior around air cargo materials.
A Bowtie Antenna Coupled Tunable Photon-Assisted Tunneling Double Quantum Well (DQW) THz Detector

Abstract : The integration of a bowtie antenna with a double electron layer tunneling transistor (DELTT) device for the purposes of THz detection is investigated in this paper. The concept of THz detection, based on photon-assisted tunneling (PAT) between the two electron layers in a double quantum well (DQW) heterostructure, will be explained. The detector is expected to have narrowband, electrically tunable, fast response, and the possibility to operate at relatively high temperatures. Since the active area of the detector is very small, which is necessary to achieve fast response, it is not efficient in collecting THz radiation. Therefore, a broadband bowtie antenna is integrated with the detector to efficiently collect the THz radiation. Characteristics of different bowtie antenna geometries at THz frequencies were studied. An equivalent circuit model of the THz detector was developed, for the first time, to estimate the impedance characteristics at THz frequencies. Such a model is crucial for achieving impedance matching between the DELTT and the antenna to increase the overall coupling efficiency.
Memristive and Memcapacitive Models of Physarum Learning

We review a few models of adaptive circuits based on memory circuit elements and inspired by the adaptive behavior of the unicellular organism Physarum subjected to periodic temperature and humidity variations. Memory circuit elements are resistors, capacitors and inductors with memory whose state depends on the history of signals applied. When these devices are subjected to a time-dependent input their states demonstrate an adaptive functionality that can be used, e.g., to mimic the adaptation of biological systems to a time-dependent environment. Similar to experimental observations, these circuits demonstrate learning and anticipation to future signal (environmental) changes. This work shows the potential of memory circuit elements to model various biological processes in different setups and their use in a new type of adaptive electronics.
Vocational rehabilitation and sudden onset disability: Advancing proprietary consumer involvement through improved vocational assessment

Sudden onset disability results from an injury or disease process and may disrupt major life activities on many levels. Rehabilitation consumers with sudden onset disabilities are frequently involved with disability insurance systems and often receive services through proprietary rehabilitation programs. Just as rehabilitation consumers served in public and private non-profit venues, proprietary consumers require comprehensive rehabilitation counseling intervention. Regardless of the service setting, rehabilitation counselors share professional practice activities in common: consumer intake, assessment, planning, providing/arranging services, follow-through, and case documentation/closure. Vocational assessment is an integral component of rehabilitation counseling across settings, which provides a valuable opportunity to enhance active consumer participation throughout the rehabilitation process. Traditional assessment practices often fail to promote consumer involvement, resulting in potentially inaccurate or incomplete analysis of residual functional ability, as well as poor consumer participation in planning and direct service activities. Poor consumer participation often translates to rehabilitation outcomes that do not adequately reflect consumer vocational potential or personal needs. Fundamental improvements in the traditional rehabilitation assessment process across settings, with emphasis on practical applications that are immediately available to rehabilitation counselors in the underserved proprietary sector, are discussed. The implications for rehabilitation research are reviewed.
Decade Long Trends (2001–2011) in the Incidence and Hospital Death Rates Associated with the In-Hospital Development of Cardiogenic Shock after Acute Myocardial Infarction

Background— Limited information is available about relatively contemporary trends in the incidence and hospital case-fatality rates of cardiogenic shock in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction. The purpose of this population-based study was to describe decade long trends (2001–2011) in the incidence and hospital case-fatality rates for patients who developed cardiogenic shock during hospitalization for an acute myocardial infarction. Methods and Results— The study population consisted of 5686 residents of central Massachusetts hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction at all 11 medical centers in the Worcester, MA, metropolitan area during 6 biennial periods between 2001 and 2011, who did not have cardiogenic shock at the time of hospital presentation. On average, 3.7% of these patients developed cardiogenic shock during their acute hospitalization with nonsignificant and inconsistent trends noted over time in both crude (3.7% in 2001/2003; 4.5% in 2005/2007; 2.7% in 2009/2011; P =0.19) and multivariable adjusted analyses. The overall in-hospital case-fatality rate for patients who developed cardiogenic shock was 41.4%. The crude and multivariable adjusted odds of dying after cardiogenic shock declined during the most recent study years (47.1% dying in 2001/2003, 42.0% dying in 2005/2007, and 28.6% dying in 2009/2011). Increases in the use of evidence-based cardiac medications, and interventional procedures paralleled the increasing hospital survival trends. Conclusions— We found suggestions of a decline in the death, but not incidence, rates of cardiogenic shock over time. These encouraging trends in hospital survival are likely because of advances in the early recognition and aggressive management of patients who develop cardiogenic shock.
Organic solvents as facilitators of polymerase chain reaction.

We have found that in a system utilizing PCR to detect transgenic mice possessing a sheep metallothionein 1a-sheep growth hormone fusion gene, amplification of a 361-base pair (bp) fragment was completely dependent on the presence of organic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide, glycerol or polyethylene glycol (PEG). Much lower concentrations of these solvents (ca. 2% for DMSO) were successful as PCR facilitators than have previously been reported
Emergence of Resistance to Ceftazidime During Therapy for Enterobacter cloacae Infections

The mechanism of resistance to ceftazidime in two clinical isolates of Enterobacter cloacae that emerged during therapy with broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics was studied. Both isolates acquired broad resistance to advanced-spectrum beta-lactam drugs other than imipenem. Biotyping confirmed strain identity in both cases, and no new plasmids were detected in the resistant isolates. Both resistant isolates produced beta-lactamase constitutively. Slow but definite hydrolysis of ceftazidime was demonstrated by using purified beta-lactamase in a spectrophotometric assay. Further evidence that beta-lactamase is responsible for resistance in these organisms was provided by the demonstration that cefoxitin, a potent inducer of beta-lactamase, antagonized the activity of ceftazidime against these isolates. This antagonism could be prevented by inhibition of derepression of beta-lactamase with clindamycin. Clindamycin also prevented regrowth of ceftazidime-treated cells in time-kill studies and markedly reduced production of beta-lactamase in induced cultures at concentrations as low as 2 micrograms/ml.
Variation in filarial susceptibility among East African populations of Aedes aegypti.

Twenty-nine strains of Aedes aegypti from East Africa were tested to determine susceptibility to Brugia pahangi . Susceptibility (complete development of at least 1 microfilaria to an L3 stage larva) varied from 0–59%, with 17 strains showing some susceptible individuals. Each strain was tested along with a control strain; in 64 replicates, the latter showed 94.5 ± 7.4% susceptibility. High susceptibility was correlated with increased mortality and inability to fly following infection. When strains were classified by habitat of origin, it was found that sylvan strains were most susceptible, domestic strains were refractory and peridomestic strains were intermediate.
Response of serum leptin concentrations to 7 d of energy restriction in centrally obese African Americans with impaired or diabetic glucose tolerance.

The aim of this study was to determine whether serum leptin concentrations are reduced in response to short-term energy restriction in centrally obese individuals with impaired glucose tolerance or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Twenty African Americans [16 females and 4 males, 44 ± 7 y (x ± SD), 107.2 ± 23.8 kg, 39 ± 7% body fat] consumed a 7-d energy-restricted diet (4.03 ± 0.72 MJ/d) of whole foods. Oral-glucose-tolerance tests (OGTTs) were performed before and immediately after the diet to assess changes in serum leptin, glucose, and insulin concentrations. Baseline leptin concentration correlated significantly with percentage body fat (r = 0.80), body mass index (r = 0.72), fat mass (r = 0.64), waist-height ratio (r = 0.61), body weight (r = 0.59, all P < 0.01), waist circumference (r = 0.49), and basal insulin concentration (r = 0.48, both P < 0.05). Seven days of energy restriction resulted in significant reductions (P < 0.005) in leptin (-6.1 ± 8.4 μg/L), basal glucose (-0.9 ± 0.8 mmol/L), OGTT glucose area under the curve (-158 ± 164 mmol/L), and basal insulin concentration (-34 ± 69 pmol/L, P < 0.05). In addition, there was a trend for a reduction in OGTT insulin area under the curve (-15 567 ± 33 658 pmol/L, P = 0.05), and a tendency for basal insulin and leptin to change together (r = 0.41, P = 0.07). Despite the weight loss of 3.1 ± 1.3 kg (P < 0.0001), the loss of fat mass was calculated to be only -1.0 ± 0.1 kg. These results suggest that negative energy balance or improved insulin action was responsible for the changes in leptin, glucose, and insulin concentrations. In summary, short-term energy restriction effectively reduced serum leptin concentrations and improved glucose tolerance and insulin action in obese individuals with impaired or diabetic glucose tolerance.
Detection of HCV in the drug addicts detained in Chengmai county

Objective To understand the epidemic situation of Hepatitis C virus(HCV) among the high risk group in Chengmai county.Methods The HCV in drug addicts detained in drug addiction treatment centre in Chengmai county were detected with ELISA.Results The positive rate of anti-HCV was 54.27%(388/715).The 301 addicts shared needles with a anti-HCV positive rate of 85.04%(256/301) and the positive rate of anti-HCV in 90 in injection drug users(IDUs) was38.89%(35/90) in IDUs.The positive rate of anti-HCV was 29.73%(97/324) in 324 oral drug addicts.Significant difference in positive rates of anti-HCV were observed among the three groups(X22=14.31,P0.05).Conclusion HCV has been widely spread among the drug addicts sharing needles.Effective measures for control and prevention of HCV infection in the drug addicts be taken.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-5Gd-4Y-0.3Zr

The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of homogenization,extrusion and aging treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-5Gd-4Y-0. 3Zr alloy. Mg-5Gd-4Y-0. 3Zr alloy casting rod was prepared,then homogenization treatment and hot extrusion treatment were carried out. Tensile tests were conducted on the samples with different states. The metallographic microstructure was observed,and XRD was used to analyze the structure. The results showed that the as-cast alloy mainly consisted of a-Mg matrix and the second phase Mg5( Gd,Y). The second phase of the alloy dissolved completely after the homogenization treatment,and the mechanical property of the alloy was increased. The alloy structure was obviously refined after extrusion. The highest mechanical property was obtained after aging treatment at 200 ℃ for 60 h,and the ultimate tensile strength,yield strength and elongation were 423. 0 MPa,335. 0MPa,and 9. 0%,respectively. In conclusion,Mg-5Gd-4Y-0. 3Zr alloy not only has low cost feature,but also has excellent mechanical property. It is suitable for popularization and application.
Study on Community Nursing Model of Aged People With Hypertension

Objective To explore the effects and outcome of community nursing intervention on the aged patients with hypertension. Methods Ninety patients with the aged hypertension were randomly divided into 2 groups: the conventional treatment group(n=47) and the nursing intervention group(n=43).The patients in the conventional treatment group received routine anti-hypertensive medication and non-pharmacological therapy according "the Chinese hypertension prevents and controls guide".On the basis of above synthetic therapy,the patients in the nursing intervention group received additional community nursing intervention that included health education,nutritional intervention,physical exercise and psychology consultation. Results After 3-year of community nursing intervention,rate of health education achieving,control rate of hypertension and alteration of bad dieting habit in the nursing intervention group were obviously higher than the conventional treatment group.The incidence of complications in the nursing intervention group was obviously lower than the conventional treatment group. Conclusion Carrying out community nursing intervention for the aged patients with hypertension is the effective procedure for reducing patient's blood pressure and improving the patient's life quality.
Antidepressants for the treatment of neuropathic pain.

Tricyclic antidepressants, particularly amitriptyline, are effective for the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy and post herpetic neuralgia, and may be beneficial in other neuropathic pain syndromes, but they should be used with caution in patients at increased risk of adverse events.
Lymphoid proliferations of the salivary glands.

Lymphoid proliferations of the salivary glands can be either reactive or neoplastic. Reactive lesions include cystic lymphoid hyperplasia--a multicystic ductal proliferation with reactive germinal centers, seen most often in intravenous drug users infected with HIV--and the lymphoepithelial sialadenitis of Sjogren's syndrome (so-called benign lymphoepithelial lesion [BLEL] or myoepithelial sialadenitis [MESA]). This lymphoid proliferation involves infiltration of ductal epithelium by lymphocytes of marginal zone or monocytoid B-cell type, forming lymphoepithelial lesions (epimyoepithelial islands). Patients with lymphoepithelial sialadenitis have a 44-fold increased risk of developing salivary gland or extrasalivary lymphoma, of which 80% are marginal zone/MALT type. Broad strands of marginal zone or monocytoid B cells around lymphoepithelial lesions and monotypic immunoglobulin detection by immunohistochemistry are considered diagnostic of MALT lymphoma. B-cell clones are detected in over 50% of cases of MESA by molecular genetic methods, but this does not correlate with overlymphoma. "Nodal" type B-cell lymphomas of the salivary glands are either follicular lymphoma (35%), which may arise in intrasalivary gland lymph nodes and behave similarly to follicular lymphoma in other sites, or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (30%), which may arise de novo or secondary to either MALT or follicular lymphomas.
Approaching Interdisciplinarity in a School of Art and Design

Interdisciplinary Portfolio is a unique set of courses taught within the education department of the Massachusetts College of Art and Design. The authors discuss the ways in which these courses model interdisciplinarity by bridging the gap between studio art and non-arts classes. Drawing on examples from student work, the authors describe the ways in which students generatively integrate knowledge from a variety of disciplines into their art-making and teaching. In sum, the authors discuss the gains and challenges of this purposeful model and cite its important implications for both higher education and K-12 settings.
Thyroglobulin Detection in Fine-Needle Aspiration of Nodal Metastases from Differentiated Thyroid Cancers

Involvement of cervical lymph nodes by metastatic disease is reported in 20–50 % of patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) is usually required to confirm or rule out metastasis because reactive lymphadenopathy is common in the neck region. Because of a small but substantial percentage of false-negative cases, thyroglobulin (Tg) assay of aspirate from cervical lymph nodes has been advocated to supplement FNA of suspicious lymph node in patients with proven or suspected differentiated thyroid cancer. A high sensitivity (95 %) and specificity (95 %) in the detection of nodal metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma have been reported with Tg assay. However, Tg assay of FNA should not replace cytologic evaluation because of the potential of both false-positive and negative results. In addition, standardization in terms of sample collection and analysis is still lacking.
Effects of Curcumin on Transcription Factors and Enzyme Activities in Visceral Organs and the Brain

Curcumin, a dietary polyphenol, is a constituent of Indian spice turmeric. The most important feature of curcumin is that it has very little or no side effects despite being a therapeutic agent with multiple beneficial functions. The antioxidant mechanism of curcumin is due to its specific conjugated structure of two methoxylated phenols and an enol form of β-diketone. This structure is responsible for free radical trapping ability as a chain breaking antioxidant. The effects of curcumin are mediated through the modulation of transcription factors, such as NF-κB, AP-1, STAT3, HIF-1α; Nrf2, FOXO, and E2F factors and enzyme activities. Curcumin also exerts its effects by blocking cell cycle progression and triggering apoptotic cell death in dose and time dependent manner. Suppression of NF-κB, AP-1, STAT3, HIF-1α; Nrf2, FOXO, and E2F by curcumin plays a central role in regulating the expression of various genes involved in cell survival, apoptosis, carcinogenesis and inflammation. These properties make curcumin a powerful therapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer and other chronic diseases.
Elementary steps in acetone condensation reactions catalyzed by aluminosilicates with diverse void structures

Abstract The unselective nature and ubiquitous deactivation of Bronsted acids in aldol condensations have precluded their practical use and unequivocal mechanistic assessments. H2 and a Pt function are used here to confer stability by scavenging unsaturated intermediates to form stable products, thus allowing kinetic, spectroscopic, and isotopic assessments of elementary steps and their kinetic relevance, confirmed by density functional theory (DFT), for acetone condensation on microporous and mesoporous aluminosilicates (FER, TON, MFI, BEA, FAU, MCM-41). The selective titration of protons with 2,6-di-tert-butyl pyridine during catalysis shows that condensations occur exclusively on protons; the number of titrants required to suppress reactivity measures accessible sites and allows reactivity to be rigorously reported as turnover rates. Infrared spectra show that H-bonded acetone is present at saturation coverages during condensation catalysis. Taken together with rates that depend linearly on acetone pressure and with the absence of H/D kinetic isotope effects, these data indicate that condensation turnovers are mediated by the kinetically-relevant formation of a C C bond via reactions of H-bonded acetone with another acetone molecule, a conclusion confirmed by DFT-derived free energies along the reaction coordinate. Measured rate constants reflect free energy differences between this transition state and its relevant precursors, a H-bonded and a gaseous acetone. These rate constants (per H+) depend sensitively on size and shape of the confining voids among aluminosilicates of similar acid strength but diverse framework structure. Confinement effects are mediated by van der Waals contacts and are accurately described by energies derived from Lennard-Jones potentials of DFT-derived transition state structures; these energies are ensemble-averaged over all accessible configurations and T-site locations in each aluminosilicate framework. These energy descriptors replace incomplete metrics based solely on the sizes of voids and transition states, which fail to capture differences in reactivity among different confining frameworks.
Survival and Risk of Mortality of Clinically-Diagnosed Synucleinopathies: A 15 Year Population-Based Study (1991 - 2005) (P3.350)

Objectives: To investigate the survival and mortality of a 15 year incident cohort of synucleinopathies. Design: We used the medical records-linkage system of the Rochester Epidemiology Project to identify all subjects residing in Olmsted County, MN who received a screening diagnostic code of parkinsonism from 1991 trough 2005. A movement disorders specialist reviewed the complete medical records of each case and one age- and sex- matched control to confirm the presence and type of parkinsonism. Incident cases of synucleinopathies were defined as Parkinson’s disease (PD), Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), Parkinson Disease Dementia (PDD), and Multiple System Atrophy (MSA). We determined differences in survival for cases and controls by type of synucleinopathy. Results: Between 1991 and 2005, 437 individuals had a synucleinopathy diagnosis (309 PD, 57 DLB55 PDD, 16 MSA). The highest risk of death was observed in MSA (HR = 7.85, 95[percnt] CI: 2.69-22.89, p Disclosure: Dr. Savica has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ahlskog has nothing to disclose. Dr. Boeve has received personal compensation for activities with Isis Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Boeve has received research support from GE Healthcare and FORUM Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Bower has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mielke has received personal compensation for activities with Lysosomal Therapeutics, Incorporated.
Abstract TP298: Rapid Response Team Utilization for Inpatient Stroke Codes

Introduction: Rapid response teams (RRTs) are a way to provide rapid assessment and early intervention for inpatients with clinical deterioration, including those with acute stroke. The goal of thi...
Renal cold storage followed by transplantation impairs proteasome function and mitochondrial protein homeostasis

Identifying pathways related to renal cold storage (CS) that lead to renal damage after transplantation (Tx) will help us design novel pathway-specific therapies to improve graft outcome. Our recen...