cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cry1−/− Circadian Rhythmicity Depends on SCN Intercellular Coupling

In mammals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the central pacemaker organizing circadian rhythms of behavior and physiology. At the cellular level, the mammalian clock consists of autoregulatory feedback loops involving a set of "clock genes," including the Cryptochrome (Cry) genes, Cry1 and Cry2. Experimental evidence suggests that Cry1 and Cry2 play distinct roles in circadian clock function. In mice, Cry1 is required for sustained circadian rhythms in dissociated SCN neurons or fibroblasts but not in organotypic SCN slices or at the behavioral level, whereas Cry2 is not required at any of these levels. It has been argued that coupling among SCN cellular oscillators compensates for clock gene defects to preserve oscillatory function. Here we test this hypothesis in Cry1(-/-) mice by first disrupting intercellular coupling in vivo using constant light (resulting in behavioral arrhythmicity) and then examining circadian clock gene expression in SCN slices at the single cell level. In this manner, we were able to test the role of intercellular coupling without drugs and while preserving tissue organization, avoiding the confounding influences of more invasive manipulations. Cry1(-/-) mice (as well as control Cry2(-/-) mice) bearing the PER2::LUC knock-in reporter were transferred from a standard light:dark cycle to constant bright light (~650 lux) to induce arrhythmic locomotor patterns. In SCN slices from these animals, we used bioluminescence imaging to monitor PER2::LUC expression in single cells. We show that SCN slices from rhythmic Cry1(-/-) and Cry2(-/-) mice had similarly high percentages of functional single-cell oscillators. In contrast, SCN slices from arrhythmic Cry1(-/-) mice had significantly fewer rhythmic cells than SCN slices from arrhythmic Cry2(-/-) mice. Thus, constant light in vivo disrupted intercellular SCN coupling to reveal a cell-autonomous circadian defect in Cry1(-/-) cells that is normally compensated by intercellular coupling in vivo.
The Use of a Computer Simulation to Promote Scientific Conceptions of Moon Phases

This study described the conceptual understandings of 50 early childhood (Pre-K-3) preservice teachers about standards-based lunar concepts before and after inquiry-based instruction utilizing educational technology. The instructional intervention integrated the planetarium software Starry Night Backyard™ with instruction on moon phases from Physics by Inquiry by McDermott (1996). Data sources included drawings, interviews, and a lunar shapes card sort. Videotapes of participants' interviews were used along with the drawings and card sorting responses during data analysis. The various data were analyzed via a constant comparative method in order to produce profiles of each participant's pre- and postinstruction conceptual understandings of moon phases. Results indicated that before instruction none of the participants understood the cause of moon phases, and none were able to draw both scientific moon shapes and sequences. After the instruction with technology integration, most participants (82%) held a scientific understanding of the cause of moon phases and were able to draw scientific shapes and sequences (80%). The results of this study demonstrate that a well-designed computer simulation used within a conceptual change model of instruction can be very effective in promoting scientific understandings. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 45: 346–372, 2008
The putative leucine zipper of the UL6-encoded portal protein of herpes simplex virus 1 is necessary for interaction with pUL15 and pUL28 and their association with capsids.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 capsids contain a single portal vertex that is composed of 12 copies of the U L 6 gene product (pU L 6), which forms a pore through which DNA is inserted during packaging. This unique vertex is also believed to comprise the site with which a molecular motor, termed the terminase, associates during the DNA packaging reaction. In HSV, the terminase likely comprises the U L 15, U L 28, and U L 33 proteins (pU L 15, pU L 28, and pU L 33, respectively). The current study was undertaken to identify portal domains required for interaction with the terminase. Both the amino and carboxyl termini, as well as amino acids 422 to 443 of pU L 6 forming a putative leucine zipper motif, were critical for coimmunoprecipitation with pU L 15 in the absence of other viral proteins. Amino acids 422 to 443 were also necessary for interaction with pU L 28 in the absence of other viral proteins. By using an engineered recombinant virus, it was further determined that although amino acids 422 to 443 were dispensable for interaction with scaffold protein and incorporation of portal protein into capsids, they were necessary for coimmunoprecipitation of pU L 6 and pU L 15 from infected cell lysates, association of optimal levels of pU L 15, pU L 28, and pU L 33 with capsids, and DNA cleavage and packaging. These data identify a portal protein domain critical for terminase association with the capsid and suggest that both the pU L 15- and pU L 28-bearing terminase subunits mediate docking of the terminase with the portal vertex.
Digression and value concatenation to enable privacy-preserving regression

Regression techniques can be used not only for legitimate data analysis, but also to infer private information about individuals. In this paper, we demonstrate that regression trees, a popular data-analysis and datamining technique, can be used to effectively reveal individuals' sensitive data. This problem, which we call a regression attack, has not been addressed in the data privacy literature, and existing privacy-preserving techniques are not appropriate in coping with this problem. We propose a new approach to counter regression attacks. To protect against privacy disclosure, our approach introduces a novel measure, called digression, which assesses the sensitive value disclosure risk in the process of building a regression tree model. Specifically, we develop an algorithm that uses the measure for pruning the tree to limit disclosure of sensitive data. We also propose a dynamic value-concatenation method for anonymizing data, which better preserves data utility than a user-defined generalization scheme commonly used in existing approaches. Our approach can be used for anonymizing both numeric and categorical data. An experimental study is conducted using realworld financial, economic, and healthcare data. The results of the experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach is very effective in protecting data privacy while preserving data quality for research and analysis.
Simultaneous sub-harmonic injection-locked mm-wave frequency generators for multi-band communications in CMOS

A technique for generating multiple mm-wave carrier frequencies is introduced, using simultaneous sub-harmonic injection locking of multiple VCOs to a single reference frequency. A prototype of 30 GHz and 50 GHz sub-harmonic injection-locked VCOs is realized in a 90 nm digital CMOS process and able to lock from 2nd to 8th harmonic of the reference frequency with locking range reaching 5.6 GHz. Simultaneous locking to the 3rd and 5th harmonics of a 10 GHz reference signal is also demonstrated.
Apoptosis in mitotic competent undifferentiated cells is induced by cellular redox imbalance independent of reactive oxygen species production

Oxidants are known to induce cell apoptosis. Because oxidants also elicit redox imbalance, it is difficult to distinguish the direct effects of cellular redox from that of oxidants. This study tests the hypothesis that induction of redox imbalance independent of reactive oxygen species (ROS), can induce cell apoptosis in a mitotic competent, undifferentiated cell line, PC-12. Cells grown in standard DMEM containing 25 mM glucose were treated with diamide, a thiol oxidant, at a concentration that did not generate ROS. Diamide caused a rapid increase in oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and a loss of mitochondrial cytochrome c in 15-30 min, caspase-3 activation in 2 h, and apoptosis in 24 h. N-Acetyl cysteine attenuated GSSG elevation and diamide-induced apoptosis. Incubation of cells in 5 mM glucose or inhibition of the pentose phosphate pathway maintained GSSG elevation and accelerated cell apoptosis. Collectively, these results show that loss of redox balance is an upstream event that kinetically preceded mitochondrial apoptotic signaling. A sustained redox change was not critical or necessary for apoptotic progression, but its prolongation exacerbated apoptotic death. The potentiation of apoptosis by sustained redox imbalance was correlated with decreases in NADPH supply for GSSG reduction.
Mean Stress Effects in Biaxial Fatigue of Inconel 718

Biaxial fatigue tests were conducted on Inconel 718 thin-walled tubular specimens to quantify the effect of mean stress. The specimens were loaded in combined tension and torsion in strain control at room temperature. Fatigue lives ranged from 3000 to 15,000 cycles depending on the mean stress. These data were correlated with a parameter based on the maximum plastic shear strain amplitude, normal strain amplitude and mean normal stress on the plane of maximum shear strain amplitude. This parameter was combined with the Coffin-Manson equation for estimating fatigue lives. Observations of the cracking behavior show that mean stress affects the rate of crack growth and distribution of cracks.
Information tradeoffs in complex stimulus structure: local and global levels in naturalistic scenes.

An information tradeoff is an increased processing or utilization of information from one stimulus source at the expense of processing or utilization of information from a different source. An experiment was conducted to determine whether information tradeoffs occurred when subjects attended selectively to one of two different structural levels of naturalistic scenes. The subjects’ attentional focus was directed to either the global or local structure of a scene (i.e., the scene or an object in the scene, respectively) either before or after presentation of a scene. They then had to use the information obtained from a 100-msec exposure of the scene to choose between two forced-choice alternatives that described one of the levels. The nature of the alternatives was such that both alternatives adequately characterized one of the structural levels on the basis of physical and semantic relations within the scene. Results showed that the subjects were significantly slower and less accurate when their attentional focus and the forced-choice alternatives were at different levels of stimulus structure than when they were at the same level, providingevidence of an information tradeoffwhen different types of information from a scene were used. When processinginformation from a particular structural level, information fromtheother level either was less available or was not used efficiently. Furthermore, the information tradeoffs were more severe in the precue than in the postcue condition, indicating differences in the efficiency of the selectivity process. The results are interpreted with respect to the role of selective attention in processing complex stimuli such as naturalistic scenes.
Gaussian fading broadcast channels with CSI only at the receivers: An improved constant gap

We examine the capacity region of the K-user Gaussian fading broadcast channel with channel state known at the receivers but unknown at the transmitter. For binary expansion superposition signaling, we derive a new achievable rate based on soft decision decoding of the binary inputs. The approach is based on a simple tight bound on the output entropy of a high-SNR AWGN channel with a continuous uniform input. We show that a binary superposition signaling scheme is for each user within a constant gap of 5.443 b/s/Hz of the broadcast channel capacity for all fading state distributions.
Health Beliefs and Proscriptions on Public Smoking

The increasing tendency to prohibit smoking in public places is examined in light of awareness of the health effects of smoking. Drawing from the Health Belief Model, this paper investigates the development of proscriptive norms for public smoking in two states. Survey data from Illinois and North Carolina show that while smoking prevalence is similar in the two states, Illinois residents are more likely to consider smoking harmful to the individual engaged in the act. Although no differences by state were observed in perceived effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) on health, Illinois respondents were more likely to support legal controls of public smoking. Awareness of the primary effects of smoking on health emerged as more important than awareness of ETS effects on health in predicting support for legal control.
PRODUCTION OF CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES BY PLANT TISSUE CULTURES. IV. BIOTRANSFORMATION OF DIGITOXIGENIN AND RELATED SUBSTANCES.

Selected substrates were incubated for periods of 2, 7, and 16 days with spearmint and various digitalis liquid suspension tissue cultures. Concentrated chloroform extracts were prepared following the incubations. Thin-layer chromatography was used for the identification, isolation, and purification of conversion products. Two major conversion products of digitoxigenin were obtained, neither of which was glycosidic.
Inhibition of Sonic hedgehog signaling leads to posterior digit loss in Ambystoma mexicanum: parallels to natural digit reduction in urodeles.

Molecular mechanisms patterning the tetrapod limb, including anterior-posterior axis determination involving Sonic hedgehog (Shh), have received much attention, particularly in amniotes. Anterior-posterior patterning in urodele amphibians differs radically from that of amniotes in that it shows a pronounced anterior-to-posterior sequence of digit development. In contrast, amniotes develop their digits almost simultaneously with a slight posterior-to-anterior polarity. Here we use cyclopamine, an inhibitor of the Hedgehog signaling pathway, to investigate the role of Shh in anterior-posterior patterning in the urodele limb. Inhibition of Shh signal transduction affects digit number long before their morphological appearance. In accordance with the apparently derived order of digit development in urodeles, exposure reproducibly removes digits in a posterior-to-anterior sequence, the inverse of their developmental sequence. This pattern of digit loss mimics the order of digit loss in natural variation. We suggest that variation in Shh expression and/or signal transmission may explain natural variation in digit number in urodeles. Developmental Dynamics 236:321–331, 2007. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
THE FINE STRUCTURE OF THE FLAGELLAR APPARATUS OF CARTERIA1,2

SUMMARY The fine structure of the flagellar apparatus of 5 species of the green quadriflagellate alga Carteria is described. The 5 species can be morphologically separated into 2 groups on the bases of cell shape and ultrastructure of the pyrenoid and flagellar apparatus. Group I cells are spherical, possess many pyrenoid thylakoids, and retain a flagellar apparatus similar to that of Chlamydomonas reinhardi. The flagellar bases are oriented at approximately 90° to one another, have distal and proximal fibers, and are associated with 4 cruciately arranged microtubule bands. Cells of group II are ellipsoid, possess few pyrenoid thylakoids, and show a complex system of microtubule bands and sigmoid-shaped, electron dense rods which extend between opposite pairs of basal bodies. The basal bodies of group II cells are directed inward in a circular pattern rather than outward as in group I cells. Unlike Chlamydomonas, the distal fiber of the Carteria species is nonstriated. The proximal fiber is striated, and both distal and proximal fibers are composed of 60–80 A diameter microfibrils.
The first decade of human retroviruses: a nomenclature for the clinician.

This is a clarification of the nomenclature for the human retroviruses now know as HIV-1 HIV-2 HTLV-I HTLV-II and HTLV-V. HIV-1 is the accepted cause of AIDS. It was formerly know as HTLV-III LAV and ARV. HIV-2 is know to cause AIDS was first reported in West Africa but is now found in Europe North and South America. Special EIA Western Blot polymerase chain reaction or virus isolation tests are needed to diagnose it and it is not being screened in the U.S. Blood supply. HTLV-I was the 1st retrovirus shown to cause human disease a T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and a myelopathy also known as tropical spastic paraparesis. It can be diagnosed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) Western blot radioimmunoprecipitation assay and the definitive tests polymerase chain reaction or virus isolation. Most infected persons do not have clinical illness. HTLV-II has been found in 2 patients with hairy cell leukemia but the etiologic relationship is uncertain. HTLV-IV is now known to be a non-human primate virus probably a laboratory contaminant from West Africa and does not cause any known human disease. HTLV-V is another virus that targets the CD4+ T-lymphocyte; HTLV-V is thought to cause a cutaneous T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.
Heart Failure Resulting From Age-Related Cardiac Amyloid Disease Associated With Wild-Type Transthyretin: A Prospective, Observational Cohort Study.

Background—Heart failure caused by wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRwt) is an underappreciated cause of morbidity and mortality in the aging population. The aims of this study were to exami...
Levetiracetam Pharmacokinetics During Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration and Acute Liver Dysfunction.

Levetiracetam clearance is dependent on renal (major) and hepatic (minor) elimination pathways. In the setting of organ dysfunction, dose reductions are recommended to prevent accumulation. Continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) has been shown to eliminate levetiracetam, but the preferred dosing regimen when a patient is on CVVH and has concomitant acute liver dysfunction is unknown. The objective of this case is to describe levetiracetam dosing and pharmacokinetics in the setting of CVVH and acute liver dysfunction. This is a case report of a single patient. A 59-year-old male was admitted to the intensive care unit for acute onset multiorgan dysfunction associated with a hematologic disorder. His hospital course was complicated by persistent liver dysfunction with a model for end-stage liver disease score of 47 and renal failure which necessitated initiation of CVVH. On hospital day two, the patient developed new-onset focal seizures secondary to metabolic abnormalities that resulted in the initiation of levetiracetam 1000 mg intravenously twice daily. The peak concentration at steady state was 32.2 mcg/mL, and the trough concentration was 16.1 mcg/mL (goal 12–46 mcg/mL). The volume of distribution was 0.65 L/kg, and the elimination half-life was 11.4 h. Levetiracetam pharmacokinetics observed in this case approximated those seen in a normal healthy patient and a regimen of 1000 mg twice daily achieved serum trough concentrations at the lower limit of the target range. This case indicates that in a patient with acute liver dysfunction on CVVH, 1000 mg twice daily may be considered as an empiric levetiracetam regimen.
Advising at the Millennium: Advisor Training, Compensation, and Support

This is the second in a series of articles in which the results of the NACADA Academic Advising Survey 2000 are presented. In this article, academic training, compensation, professional development opportunities, and technical support are reported by survey respondents. These factors are examined according to the type, mission, and size of the advisors' institutions.
The Effect of Supplemental Food on Body Condition and the Timing of Reproduction in a Cooperative Breeder, the Florida Scrub-Jay

I examined the importance of food availability on when or whether to breed in cooperatively breeding Florida Scrub-Jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens). Two of the major factors known to influence the timing of reproduction are adequate food for offspring and sufficient available food for breeding females to produce a clutch. If the nutritive needs of a breeding female affect the timing of clutch initiation, food supplemented females should lay before controls. Supplemented female breeders initiated clutches earlier and produced larger clutches than unsupplemented birds. Iffood abundance declines as the breeding season progresses to the point where fewer young can be fed, clutch size should also decline. Florida Scrub-Jay females laid smaller clutches as the season progressed. Additionally, female breeders given supplemental food had higher levels of body lipids than controls prior to clutch initiation. The food supplementation protocol also allows the testing of the hypothesis that nonbreeder Florida Scrub-Jays forgo breeding because they are food limited. If food limitation were the only factor in the 'decision' by nonbreeders to forgo breeding, individuals provided with food would become breeders at a higher frequency than unsupplemented birds. However, equal frequencies of control and supplemented nonbreeders became breeders. I also compared body mass and body lipid of breeders and nonbreeders and found that breeders were heavier and had higher percentages of body lipids than nonbreeders. However, these differences probably do not cause them to be nonbreeders but rather are a result of their being nonbreeders.
Design and Realization of Senor Networks Node OS Memory Management

The nodes of sensor networks is a computer system based on embedded devices whose request is strict with function,reliability,cost, volume,power.In this system each task,device and connection of network all need enough memory,so selecting adaptive memory management algorithm and more effective using memory are important problem to improving system performance,Based on independently developed sensor network node operating system(SNNEOS),this paper discusses memory allotment algorithm and memory collection algorithm of memory management.An effective method of memory management is provided.
Prevalence of dental caries among primary and middle school students in Pudong New Area of Shanghai in 2011

[Objective]To know the current situation of dental caries and filling among primary and middle school students in Pudong New Area of Shanghai,provide the reasonable basis for further prevention and control of dental caries in primary and middle school students.[Methods]The examination data of dental caries were collected from 7 schools of 3 monitoring communities in 2011 by cluster sampling,and were analyzed.[Results]A total of 22 298 students(13 919 middle school students and 8 379 primary school students) in Pudong new area were tested,and the total prevalence rate of dental caries was 36.12%.The prevalence rate of dental caries in middle school students and primary school students was respectively 28.09% and 40.94%,and the difference was significant(χ2=374.310,P0.001).The caries filling rate of middle school students and primary school students was respectively 41.89% and 24.84%,and the difference was significant(χ2=456.061,P0.001).[Conclusion]The prevention measures should be carried out early in lower age group students.The simple and effective measures include reasonable adjustment of diet structure,good oral health habits,appropriate caries prevention measures,as well as regular oral examination and treatment.
Model and comparative study for rotating flow of nanofluids due to convectively heated exponentially stretching sheet

In this work we address the rotating flow of nanofluids induced by an exponentially stretching sheet. Five different types of nanoparticles namely Silver-Ag, Copper-Cu, Copper oxide-CuO, Titanium oxide-TiO2 and Aluminum oxide-Al2O3 are considered. Convective boundary conditions are implemented to inspect the thermal boundary layer. The arising differential system is treated through a numerical approach. Analysis is based on two different models for effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids. The results reveal that the effects of parameters appear to be qualitatively similar in both the considered models. We found that thermal boundary layer thickness increases and heat transfer rate decreases upon increasing the angular velocity of the rotating fluid. The results indicate that convective heat transfer of Al2O3-water nanofluid is superior to the other used nanoparticles.
Surveillance Alone for Patients with Clinical Stage I Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumors of the Testis: Preliminary Results

AbstractA total of 31 men with clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis was followed for 2 to 18 months (median 10 months) after inguinal orchiectomy. Of the patients 26 (84 per cent) have been continuously free of disease. Relapse occurred in 5 patients (16 per cent) at 2, 2, 4, 4 and 6 months, respectively, but they were rendered free of disease with combination chemotherapy. The results suggest that careful surveillance following orchiectomy is all that is required for patients who have nonseminomatous germ cell testicular tumors but no obvious regional or visceral metastases.
Task Analysis and the Characteristics of Tasks

As interest in task analytical procedures increases, the need to define the nature of tasks becomes evident. This article identifies and describes the various dimensions of tasks. The paper caution...
Retrospective and Prospective Studies of a Computerized Algorithm for Predicting Outcome in Acute Postoperative Circulatory Failure

Therapy for postoperative shock is usually determined after identifying anatomical and physiological defects, which are then corrected. Cardiorespiratory monitoring usually is started after the patient is recognized to be in shock or in a critical condition with potentially lethal complications. The search for defects after they have developed is inefficient because it is a piecemeal approach that leads to fragmented episodic care; it is predicated on the concept of restoring normal values, and it is not based on the natural history of the shock states. More importantly, it does not provide a conceptual mechanistic framework for evaluating important physiologic interactions of volume, flow, oxygen transport, and tissue perfusion (1).
Genital human papillomavirus infection. A growing concern.

SUMMARY HPV infections of the genital tract are one of the most common sexually transmitted viral infections in the United States. Data from STD clinics and private physicians’ offices reveal that genital warts, one manifestation of genital HPV infection, have been diagnosed more frequently in recent years. Using a variety of diagnostic techniques, asymptomatic HPV infection has been identified in men and women and is probably much more common than clinically apparent infection.
Commercial Banks in Investment Banking

I thank Mitchell Berlin for his thoughtful comments and help in focusing this chapter. Given that the scope of the chapter is limited to the activities of commercial banks in investment banking, I apologize for any relevant papers that may have been omitted inadvertently or represented inadequately in this chapter.
Challenges with Adoption of Electronic Medical Record Systems

Among health care information systems, past research has credited Electronic Medical Records (EMR) systems with offering the greatest potential for improving quality within health care environments. Benefits range from reducing errors to cutting overall health care costs. For instance, the utility of an EMR system will allow physicians’ enterprise wide access to a patient’s entire medical chart, monitor patients’ care for possible drug interaction, proactively prompt doctor(s) with recommended treatment, provide clinical decision support, simplify record keeping, e-prescription, documented referrals, and reminders to patients and health care providers. Despite these benefits and a defined movement to integrate EMR systems in medical outfits, adoption of EMR systems by health care professionals has been very slow (Audet, Doty, Peugh, Shamasdin, Zapert, & Schoenbaum, 2004; Burt, Hing, & Woodwell, 2005; Miller & Sim, 2004; Simon & Simon, 2006). According to the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Report (2005) only 25 % of office-based physicians are recorded as partial or fully using EMR systems. Nevertheless, interest to adopt EMR systems continues to be significant (Miller & Sim, 2004). What accounts for the slow adoption of EMR systems? To answer, we must identify and address challenges associated with this process. A review of the recent practitioners, academic health informatics literature, and provisions of HIPPA Act of 1996 (Adler & Edsall, 2005; Audet et al., 2004; Baharozian, 2005; Edsall & Adler, 2005; Hough, Chen, & Lin, 2005; Lenhart, Loomis, Criswell, & Meggs, 2000; Miller & Sim, 2004; Retchin, Wenzel, &, 1999; Swartz, 2005; Valdes, Kibbe, Tolleson, Kunik, & Petersen, 2004) cite several barriers faced with the adoption process. Further analysis also suggests that the promises of successful EMR deployment will not be fully realized unless concerns linked to the EMR implementation process are alleviated. We investigated EMR adoption by conducting open ended interviews with EMR managers, vendors, and physicians to explore their experiences with their EMR implementation. In this article, we present the results from our study. The next section highlights challenges associated with EMR adoption and use. We conclude by suggesting solutions geared towards lessening these challenges thereby clearing the path for successful EMR adoption and use.
Tug of war: adding and removing histone lysine methylation in Arabidopsis.

Histone lysine methylation plays a fundamental role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression in multicellular eukaryotes, including plants. It shapes plant developmental and growth programs as well as responses to the environment. The methylation status of certain amino-acids, in particular of the histone 3 (H3) lysine tails, is dynamically controlled by opposite acting histone methyltransferase ‘writers’ and histone demethylase ‘erasers’. The methylation status is interpreted by a third set of proteins, the histone modification ‘readers’, which specifically bind to a methylated amino-acid on the H3 tail. Histone methylation writers, readers, and erasers themselves are regulated by intrinsic or extrinsic stimuli; this forms a feedback loop that contributes to development and environmental adaptation in Arabidopsis and other plants. Recent studies have expanded our knowledge regarding the biological roles and dynamic regulation of histone methylation. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in understanding the regulation and roles of histone methylation in plants and animals.
Beyond Probability Sampling: Population Inference in a World without Benchmarks

In recent years, proponents of non-probability sample surveys and alternative data collection techniques have questioned the foundations of traditional survey research. Although evidence of large biases using traditional methods has not yet emerged, declining response rates and rising costs may soon usher in a new paradigm in the survey world. This paper proposes a conceptual foundation for considering the reliability and likely accuracy of estimates as we shift from a reliance on traditional survey design to a set of conclusions that depend inherently on statistical models and the assumptions they engender. Specifically, it argues that research results can be trusted when reliable results emerge across data sources affected by very different types of survey errors. Conditions necessary for reliable conclusions are proposed.
High concentration levulinic acid production from corn stover

In this study, a novel approach is presented for high concentration levulinic acid (LA) production from biomass hydrolysate. In this process, saccharified biomass hydrolysate, prepared from acid pretreatment of corn stover, was used as the feed. Previously introduced simultaneous isomerization and reactive extraction (SIRE) and back-extraction (BE) method was implemented to convert glucose from biomass hydrolysate solution to fructose at high yield, 88%, and then fructose was transferred to an acidic aqueous reaction medium. In the acidic aqueous medium, not only fructose was converted at high yield (63 mol%) and facile reaction conditions (95 °C and autonomous pressure) to LA, but also the resulting LA was provided at a significant loading of 6.4 wt%. The required energy for LA isolation (95% purity) by evaporation was calculated by Aspen plus simulator software. Results indicated that for high LA concentration (6.4 wt%), required energy (57 400 kJ kg−1 LA) is 18 times less than in the case where LA loading was 1 wt% (1 043 000 kJ kg−1 LA). This dramatic reduction in the energy consumption makes the process more cost competitive. The proposed process also benefits from low energy inputs, recyclable streams and catalysts.
A RARE CASE OF HYPERCALCEMIC CRISIS SECONDARY TO A SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA ARISING FROM A NONHEALING ULCER

ABSTRACT Objective: To report a case of hypercalcemic crisis in an African American male who presented with a nonhealing ulcer which was later found to be squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: All relevant data, radiologic imaging, and pathology reports were reviewed in detail. An in-depth literature review for humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma was performed using MEDLINE. Results: A 58-year-old man with a history of chronic lymphedema presented with fever and a nonhealing left foot ulcer. Initial studies revealed acute kidney injury, anemia, and non–parathyroid hormone (PTH)-mediated hypercalcemic crisis (calcium, 17.7 mg/dL). A thorough work-up ruled out bone metastasis and confirmed increased PTH-related peptide, which is the hallmark of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM). Hypercalcemia was initially managed with intravenous fluid hydration, bisphosphonates, and calcitonin. The patient had surgical resection of the left leg, and pathology revealed cutaneous sq...
Empirical Investigations of the Opportunity Limits of Automatic Residential Electric Load Shaping

Residential electric load shaping is often implemented as infrequent, utility-initiated, short-duration deferral of peak demand through direct load control. In contrast, investigated herein is the potential for frequent, transactive, intraday, consumer-configurable load shaping for storage-capable thermostatically controlled electric loads (TCLs) including refrigerators, freezers, and hot water heaters. Unique to this study are 28 months of 15-minute-interval observations of usage in 101 homes in the Pacific Northwest United States that specify start, duration, and usage patterns of approximately 25 submetered loads per home. The magnitudes of the load shift from voluntarily-participating TCL appliances are aggregated to form hourly upper and lower load-shaping limits for the coordination of electrical generation, transmission, distribution, storage, and demand. Empirical data are statistically analyzed to define metrics that help quantify load-shaping opportunities.
Awake Craniotomy Anesthesia: A Comparison of the Monitored Anesthesia Care and Asleep-Awake-Asleep Techniques

Background Commonly used sedation techniques for an awake craniotomy include monitored anesthesia care (MAC), using an unprotected airway, and the asleep-awake-asleep (AAA) technique, using a partially or totally protected airway. We present a comparative analysis of the MAC and AAA techniques, evaluating anesthetic management, perioperative outcomes, and complications in a consecutive series of patients undergoing the removal of an eloquent brain lesion. Methods Eighty-one patients underwent awake craniotomy for an intracranial lesion over a 9-year period performed by a single-surgeon and a team of anesthesiologists. Fifty patients were treated using the MAC technique, and 31 were treated using the AAA technique. A retrospective analysis evaluated anesthetic management, intraoperative complications, postoperative outcomes, pain management, and complications. Results The MAC and AAA groups had similar preoperative patient and tumor characteristics. Mean operative time was shorter in the MAC group (283.5 minutes vs. 313.3 minutes; P = 0.038). Hypertension was the most common intraoperative complication seen (8% in the MAC group vs. 9.7% in the AAA group; P = 0.794). Intraoperative seizure occurred at a rate of 4% in the MAC group and 3.2% in the AAA group ( P = 0.858). Awake cases were converted to general anesthesia in no patients in the MAC group and in 1 patient (3.2%) in the AAA group ( P = 0.201). No cases were aborted in either group. The mean hospital length of stay was 3.98 days in the MAC group and 3.84 days in the AAA group ( P = 0.833). Conclusions Both the MAC and AAA sedation techniques provide an efficacious and safe method for managing awake craniotomy cases and produce similar perioperative outcomes, with the MAC technique associated with shorter operative time.
Material Well-Being

As I have done in the previous chapters, I will describe the concept of material well-being by addressing basic questions such as: What is material well-being and how it is customarily operationalized by QOL researchers? Does material well-being contribute significantly to subjective QOL? If so, how? And finally, I will describe much of the research in QOL studies related to the predictors of material well-being and subjective QOL.
Competing Perspectives: Using Ethnographic Methods to Study Embodied and Emplaced Rhetorics

Ethnographic methods can inform research into rhetorical scenes. Interviews, participant observation, and affective modes of knowing can illuminate inquiries into complex rhetorical moments. Audience interpretations and judgments can inform competing comprehensions of sites and statements, providing multiperspectival judgment about localized rhetorical performances. Moreover, with its commitment to advocacy, deliberation, and identification, rhetoric offers ethnographers a robust accounting discourse which is performed through language, body, media, and text. Hess offers his ethnographic fieldwork at the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe in Berlin, during which he witnessed playful acts including taking selfies or playing hide-and-seek in the memorial. Through interviews, however, Hess learned of more complex judgment about the memorial that connected such “play” with personal remembrance and a living history of the Jewish people.
Império, Patronato e uma Revolta no Reino do Kongo

Este artigo argumenta que o famoso levante ocorrido no Kongo, em 1913, simbolizou uma rotura nas relacoes clientelistas estabelecidas entre o Estado colonial portugues, os governantes do Kongo em Sao Salvador, e seus eleitores locais. Por um lado, a imposicao colonial do trabalho forcado minou um contrato social que fazia o rei do Kongo confiavel para os chefes subalternos e seus seguidores. A revolta subsequente contra o governante em exercicio, Manuel Kiditu, e explicada em termos de economia moral como uma resposta coletiva ao desrespeito as regras da reciprocidade social por parte de Kiditu e seus assessores. Por outro lado, a quebra nas relacoes de confianca entre Kiditu e o lider rebelde Alvaro Buta tambem desempenhou um papel crucial na revolta.
Inclusion complex formation between high amylose corn starch and alkylresorcinols from rye bran

The formation of high amylose corn starch (HACS)-alkylresorcinol (AR) inclusion complexes was demonstrated using HACS and a crude AR extract from rye bran, and was confirmed by complementary characterization techniques. Inclusion complex was extracted using hot 2-propanol/water (3:1), and thirteen different AR homologs were identified in the 2-propanol/water extract. However, this extraction regime was insufficient to remove all guests from the inclusion complexes, but did result in annealing of the V-type crystallinity, yielding an endotherm with higher onset and peak temperatures and dissociation enthalpy. The remaining guest compounds were recovered by disruption of the inclusion complexes with DMSO followed by liquid-liquid extraction. A total of nine AR homologs were recovered and two saturated long alkyl chain AR homologs (C21:0 and C19:0) were obviously enriched in the complexes compared to the crude AR extract. The formation of HACS-AR inclusion complexes may have the potential to inhibit staling in baked goods.
Enhancing social engagement of older adults through technology

Abstract Social engagement is a fundamental component of health and quality-of-life outcomes. Our goal in this chapter is to assess the relationship between social engagement and health outcomes for older adults, specifically with respect to the role technology can play in supporting and facilitating social engagement. Social engagement technologies include established forms of electronic communication such as email and social networking sites (e.g., Facebook), as well as emerging technologies such as telepresence, social robots, virtual reality, and augmented reality. Our review of the literature revealed that there are barriers for older adults in the adoption and use of technologies that foster social engagement. We make recommendations about how designers can overcome these barriers to better suit the needs and interests of older adults.
History as a Finite Province of Meaning

The history of civilizations and cultures, and of the monumental deeds of heroes, the history of Hegel, Spengler, and Toynbee, we shall call “Big history”; the history of ordinary people in the everyday, working world, living their lives, involved in the daily web of obscure projects and minor skirmishes, the history of the unknown, the unsung, and the easily forgotten, we shall call “little history.” Our theme is the relationship between the two, and our thesis is that investigating this problem is decisively relevant for the philosophy of history. Indeed, a study of “little history” may lead to the clarification of an entire dimension of the philosophy of history which has generally been overlooked or obscured. A preliminary indication of this dimension will bring whatever we have to say into immediate focus.
The lack of an effect of furosemide on uterine prostaglandin metabolism in vivo

We determined the effect of 2 mg/kg intravenous furosemide on the production and metabolism of prostaglandin E2 in the utero-placental unit of pregnant dogs. Uterine venous prostaglandins E2 and 15-keto-13,14-dihydro E2 were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Even though the dose of furosemide was adequate to effect a good diuresis, neither the production nor the metabolism of prostaglandin E2 by the uterus was altered by that dose of the drug. Using radioactive microspheres to measure hemodynamic parameters, we observed no change in uterine vascular resistance while renal vascular resistance decreased. Although the renal concentration of furosemide may be higher than the uteroplacental concentration, there is so far no evidence in vivo that usual doses of furosemide enhance the production or inhibit the metabolism of prostaglandin E2.
The Social Dynamics of Native and Nonnative Variation in Complimenting Behavior

Over the past decade, sociolinguistics has come to have an increasing impact on the field of TESOL (Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages). To a great extent, this development has been due to the realization that second-language acquisition is, in fact, the acquisition of what Dell Hymes has called communicative competence. That is, becoming an effective speaker of a new language not only involves learning new vocabulary in addition to rules of pronunciation and grammar, but must also include the ability to use these linguistic resources in ways that are socially appropriate among speakers of the target language.
Kapazitätsausnutzung in der Einzelfertigung

Die Kapitalkosten (und teilweise auch die Lohnkosten) werden in der Einzelfertigung hauptsachlich dadurch beeinflust, das man die Anlagen durch sorgfaltige Uberlegungen besser als bisher ausnutzt. Im allgemeinen ist die Massenherstellung gunstiger, da dort die Arbeitsvorbereitung, der logische Aufbau des Fertigungsablaufes und des Maschinenbelegungsplanes sowie die exakte Abstimmung der einzelnen miteinander eng verbundenen Bearbeitungsgange fur einen wirtschaftlichen Ablauf der Produktion sorgen. Nicht nur, das diese Voraussetzungen in der Einzelfertigung nicht vorhanden sind, sondern es fehlt in der Einzelfertigung auch oft an mathematisch geschulten Fachleuten, die Entscheidungen nach exakten Methoden treffen konnen. Wenn es auch Meister gibt, die ein derart gutes Fingerspitzengefuhl haben, das sie die zur Bearbeitung vorgesehenen Werkstucke den kostenmasig gunstigsten Maschinen zuzuteilen vermogen, so beruht das nicht nur auf langjahriger Erfahrung, sondern auch auf einer besonderen intuitiven Begabung, die freilich auch leicht zu Fehlentscheidungen fuhren kann. Hier weisen mathematische Verfahren sicherere Wege zur Bestimmung der optimalen Maschinenbelegung. Deshalb wird heute bei dem Problem der Kapazitatsausnutzung die Mathematik in zunehmendem Mase angewandt. Man kann sagen, das die standig steigende Wirtschaftlichkeit grostenteils auf mathematisch ermittelten verbesserten Entscheidungen beruht. Der technische Fortschritt geht Hand in Hand mit der Verbesserung der Qualitat der unternehmerischen Entscheidungen.
tRNA alterations in cancer.

During recent years the structures of nucleic acids in cancer cells have attracted attention because their investigation will be essential in defining the biochemical lesion(s) distinguishing cancer cells from normal cells. It appears reasonable to assume that ultimately both prevention and therapy of cancer will be improved by knowledge of the structure of macromolecules involved in DNA replication, transcription, and translation in normal and neoplastic mammalian cells.
Reoperative Surgery in Failed Wrist Arthroplasty

Despite wrist arthritis and other degenerative conditions of the wrist being quite common, total wrist arthroplasty is a relatively uncommon procedure, especially when compared to arthroplasty about the hip, knee, and shoulder. Newer implants require minimal bone resection; however, not only are there still numerous older implants still in patients, but these newer implants can still have complications. Revising a wrist arthroplasty to another implant is believed to have a rather high complication and failure rate, although no large studies are available. In most cases of wrist arthroplasty revision, wrist arthrodesis will be considered the procedure of choice. Given bone loss, there is usually the need for a significant amount of structural bone grafting that can either be in the form of autograft or allograft. Plate fusion is most commonly utilized, but newer intramedullary fusion implants do offer some unique possibilities. In some circumstances, the wrist may be fused as a temporary measure to establish more bone stock, and then the wrist fusion taken down and a new arthroplasty implant placed. The patients suffering with these conditions frequently may have loss in finger range of motion secondary to scarring of the extensor and flexor tendons. The challenges of implant revisions should be thoroughly reviewed with the patient as there is the possibility of significant complications
Suboptimum H2 Pseudo-rational Approximations to Fractional-order Linear Time Invariant Systems

In this paper, we propose a procedure to achieve pseudo-rational approximation to arbitrary fractional order linear time invariant (FO-LTI) systems with sub-optimum H2-norm. The proposed pseudo-rational approximation is actually a rational model with a time delay. Through illustrations, we show that the pseudo-rational approximation is simple and effective. It is also demonstrated that this sub-optimum approximation method is effective in designing integer order controllers for FO-LTI systems in general noncommensurate form. Useful MATLAB codes are also included in the appendix.
Verkehr, or Subversive Mobility: Recovering Radical Transportation Geographies from Language:

This article theorizes subversive mobility by looking at the layers of meaning connoted by a set of etymologically complex words in several languages. I examine at how the semantics of words like V...