cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conformity of the Virtual Surgical Plan to the Actual Result Comparing Five Craniofacial Procedure Types.

Background The "accuracy" of virtual surgical planning across multiple procedure types is not known. The authors aimed to compare the planned outcome from virtual surgical planning to the actual postoperative outcome for five craniofacial procedure types performed by a single surgeon: implant cranioplasty, cranial vault remodeling, orthognathic surgery, mandible reconstruction, and mandibular distraction. Methods Stereolithography formats were obtained from virtual surgical planning and compared to postoperative computed tomographic scans for consecutive patients who underwent one of the five procedure types. Volumetric renderings of the operated bony region of interest were overlaid and compared using a Boolean operation to compute conformity (as a percentage of the region of interest). Conformity across procedure type was analyzed using analysis of variance and post hoc Bonferroni analysis, where appropriate. Results One hundred thirty patients were included (51.5 percent male and 49.5 percent female; mean age, 27 years; 59 orthognathic surgery, 32 cranial vault remodeling, 16 mandible reconstruction, 12 mandibular distraction, and 11 implant cranioplasty patients). The highest tier of conformity was obtained for implant cranioplasty (median, 76.8 ± 10.3 percent) and mandible reconstruction (mean, 69.4 ± 11.2 percent), followed by orthognathic surgery (mean, 55.0 ± 7.3 percent) and mandibular distraction (median, 41.9 ± 20.3 percent), followed by cranial vault remodeling (mean, 22.2 ± 12.1 percent) (p 0.05 among tiers). Conclusions Virtual surgical planning resulting in custom permanent implants and intraoperative guides provides more predictable results compared to virtual surgical planning used for procedures involving higher degrees of skeletal repositioning and postoperative movement (i.e., mandibular distraction and nonrigid cranial vault remodeling). In cases with expectedly lower conformity, excellent outcomes can be achieved with sound intraoperative judgment.
Theory of supercritical flames with real-fluid equations of state

We report a theoretical analysis of the propagation and structure of the planar adiabatic/radiative flame in supercritical fluids, employing the Van der Waals and the Redlich-Kwong equations of sta...
A multidisciplinary central nervous system clinic model for radiation oncology and neurosurgery (RADIANS): three-year experience with brain and skull base lesions in a community hospital setting.

Background Subspecialty, multidisciplinary care within community hospital settings are limited and remains a challenge. Improving outcomes for central nervous system (CNS) disease rely on integrated subspecialty care between radiation oncology (RadOnc) and neurosurgery (NS). Threeyear experience with simultaneous patient evaluation with RadOnc and NS physicians in a community hospital-based CNS clinic model (RADIANS) for brain and skull base lesions (BSBL) are reported. Methods Clinical and demographic data were prospectively collected for patients evaluated in RADIANS. Surveys administered and three-year data reviewed. Descriptive statistics reported as mean and percentages for patient characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes. Results Sixty-seven patients with confirmed BSBL were evaluated between August 2016 and August 2019. Mean age and distance traveled was 61.0 years and 66.5 miles, respectively. Female (n=39, 58.2%) and male (n=28, 41.8%) patients had mean Patient Satisfaction Score of 4.77 (0-5 Scale, 5-very satisfied; n=26 respondents). Forty-three patients had malignant disease (brain mets-28; both brain/spine-6; primary brain-9), and 24 had benign disease. Post-evaluation treatment: radiation therapy (RT) only (n=16), neurosurgery (NS) only (n=12), both RT and NS (n=15), and no RT/NS intervention (n=24). Fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery was most common RT delivered; craniotomy with tumor resection was most common NS performed. Treatment outcomes: local control=33/38 (86.8%); radiation necrosis=1/31 (3.2%). Conclusions The multidisciplinary community hospital-based CNS clinic continues its high patient approval at extended follow-up. Results demonstrate the clinic serves as a regional referral center where patients with BSBL with varying degrees of co-morbidities, systemic disease status, and oncologic staging can be treated with evidence-based treatment modalities yielding high rates of local control and low rates of grade 3 and 4 radiation-induced toxicity, while having access to on-going clinical trials.
Oxygen delivery failure due to improper installation of carbon dioxide absorbent canister: a case report.

Abstract The CLIC system in the Drager Apollo anesthesia workstation allows a successful pre-use machine checkout without the presence of a carbon dioxide absorbent canister. It also allows the canister to be changed without interrupting controlled ventilation. However, this canister can be easily installed improperly with the CLIC adapter. We report a case in which a patient could not be ventilated by mask after the induction of general anesthesia, resulting in oxygen desaturation before successful ventilation was achieved with a bag valve mask. This case illustrates the importance of a leak test after components of the breathing circuit are changed.
Given R. Kahn’s Own 1936 Admission to H. Neisser That

There is a very major problem with Shackle’s 1951 paper in the Economic Journal concerning the history of the multiplier. Shackle makes claims in his 1951 article, that were later repeated many times in other Shackle articles, that lead a reader to the conclusion that Kahn invented and developed the theory of the multiplier. However, these claims directly contradict Kahn’s own 1936 admission that “My own ideas were largely derived from Mr. Keynes.” If Kahn’s ideas were largely derived from Keynes, then Shackle’s claims that Kahn invented and developed the theory of the multiplier is dubious. A myth has been created in the economics profession that Kahn made an completely independent, extremely crucial contribution to the development of the General Theory that was of such great importance that Keynes would not have been able to write the General Theory without it. This position is simply dubious, since Keynes had already developed and applied the mathematical and logical analysis in chapter 26 of the A Treatise on Probability in footnote 1 on page 315 to a problem that involves exactly the same analysis that is used to derive the multiplier. Keynes’s conclusion in 1921 in chapter 26 of the TP requires a reader to simply replace Keynes’s q with Kahn’s k from his 1931 article to obtain the exact same answer for the employment multiplier and replace Keynes’s q with Keynes’s b, the marginal propensity to consume, to obtain the investment multiplier in the GT in 1936.Keynes did not need Kahn at all in order to write chapter 10 of the General Theory. Everything written over the last 84 years in the history of economic thought and the history of macroeconomics about Keynes’s contributions concerning the multiplier in the General Theory are based on a very shaky foundation that needs to be completely rewritten.
Fundamentals of Line Digraphs

As noted earlier, the study of line graphs as a topic of its own can be credited to Krausz in his 1943 paper. The line digraph counterpart was written by Harary and Norman and didn’t appear until 1960. In this chapter, line digraphs are defined, after which some of their elementary directed properties are established, including some involving connectedness, degrees, paths and cycles, and distance. This is followed by some of the nicest results on line digraphs that different greatly from their undirected counterparts: (1) non-isomorphic digraphs with isomorphic line digraphs, and (2) digraphs isomorphic to their line digraph.
A Movement in the Wake of a New Law: The United Farm Workers and the California Agricultural Labor Relations Act

How does the passage of a new law affect the social movement that pursued it? Law and social movements scholarship suggests that the "implementation phase" following a legislative victory is a particularly challenging one, with agency capture, bureaucratic foot-dragging, and state co-optation undermining the movement's capacity to deliver what it has promised. This paper, however, tells a different story. In 1975, the United Farm Workers (UFW) succeeded in passing the Agricultural Labor Relations Act, an extraordinary law governing farm labor organizing in California, with provisions much more pro-worker than the National Labor Relations Act. For several years beginning in 1975, the UFW used the new law as a springboard to build its farm worker representation to new heights, despite challenges introduced by the state's comprehensive regulation of the unionization process. I analyze why the Act proved so helpful to the UFW during this period, both drawing on and contesting the more pessimistic law and social movement literature. I conclude that the implementation phase is a richer one than we commonly recognize, with possibilities that depend greatly on the political environment, the type of law in question, and on the particular movement's history, experience with law as a part of its organizing strategy, and level of cohesion and engagement at the time of the law's passage. These possibilities coexist with the tensions that inevitably plague efforts to make new rights real.
T4 DNA injection: II. Protection of entering DNA from host exonuclease V

Abstract Gene 2 amber mutants of bacteriophage T4 produce intact particles in nonpermissive (su − ) cells. The particles are noninfective on Escherichia coli B since the DNA of 2.Su − particles is functionally excluded and rapidly degraded to acid-soluble fragments early after infection. Cells which were previously infected with immunity minus (imm − ) phage or cells lacking exonuclease V, neither degrade nor exclude 2.Su − DNA. Exo V − mutants of E. coli are fully permissive for gene 2 defective particles. Therefore gene 2 apparently protects the parental T4 genome against degradation by exonuclease V during and after penetration in E. coli . We postulate an additional role for gene 2 protein as a connector between DNA termini and the apical vertices of the head which aids in morphogenesis and possibly in ejection of DNA from the virion.
Energy-linked reactions in photosynthetic bacteria: VII. Inhibition of NAD+ reduction by phenethylbiguanide

Abstract Phenethylbiguanide (DBI) and several other substituted guanidines are effective inhibitors of energy-linked NAD + reduction in Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores. Energy (light or ATP) is required for development of the inhibition. The inhibition is pH dependent and is essentially irreversible once developed. Neither photophosphorylation, energy-linked transhydrogenation, nor NADH oxidation were affected at DBI concentrations which strongly inhibited NAD + reduction. The membrane potential in chromatophores is apparently of the wrong polarity to be involved in DBI uptake and the inhibition was not influenced by the ionophores, nigericin or valinomycin, which affect the internal proton concentration. The inhibition was suppressed by divalent cations such as Mg 2+ and Ba 2+ which are stimulatory for NAD + reduction. Thus, it is proposed that the guanidines are site-specific inhibitors which act by virtue of their ability to interfere with essential cationic function in energy-coupling at the NADH dehydrogenase site.
Lighter and Stiffer Materials for Use in Space Vehicles

Materials for use in cryo-tanks need high specific strength, to reduce weight and high KIe fracture toughness, to avoid crack propagation through the thickness and prevent leakage. This paper presents the evolution of Aluminum alloys and products for use in rockets from the beginning of the space age to the Space Shuttle. The specific strength of alloys used in Juno, Saturn, Delta rockets and the external tank of the Space Shuttle are discussed. The microstructure and properties of 2195 plate and 2090 sheet products are reviewed. Finally, based on improved specific strength, use of 2099 and next generation upper wing 2055 Al-Li plate products is proposed for next generation rockets.
Sanitary landfill site selection by remote sensing

An investigation was conducted to evaluate the northeastern portion of Volusia County, Florida for sites suitable for the disposal of solid waste. High altitude color infrared photography and LANDSAT imagery were used in the analysis along with available sources of supplemental data. The IMAGE 100 system was used in a supervised training mode to develop land cover classification categories. These categories depicted geological conditions related to the potential for surface and subsurface movement of leachates or contamination of the Floridan aquifer. Procedures for basic analysis of LANDSAT imagery is presented in detail. Air photo interpretation of the color infrared photography provided more detail than obtained from the analysis of LANDSAT imagery. Major structural lineaments and depositional features were more easily identified in the satellite imagery. The results of the study indicated that both forms of imagery were useful, but supplemental data was necessary to adequately evaluate the terrain and to make recommendations for selection of suitable sanitary landfill sites.
THE INFORMATION CONTENT OF MANAGEMENT EARNINGS FORECASTS: AN ANALYSIS OF HARD VERSUS SOFT INFORMATION

We examine the announcement effects of hard (quantitative) and soft (qualitative) information contained in management earnings forecasts. Consistent with previous studies, we confirm a positive relation between the earnings surprise component of the announcement and the magnitude of the abnormal return. In contrast to previous studies, we examine the effect of soft information on abnormal returns while controlling for hard information. Our results show that soft information generally explains more of the announcement effect of earnings forecasts than does hard information. Overall, our findings contribute to the growing literature that examines the economic significance of qualitative information.
Characterization and regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor receptors in the central nervous, endocrine and immune systems

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) plays a major role in coordinating the endocrine, autonomic, behavioural and immune responses to stress through actions in the brain and in the periphery. CRF receptors identified in brain, pituitary and spleen have comparable kinetic and pharmacological characteristics, guanine nucleotide sensitivity and adenylate cyclase-stimulating activity. Differences were observed in the molecular mass of the CRF receptor complex between brain (58,000 Da) and pituitary and spleen (75,000 Da), which appeared to be due to differential glycosylation of the receptor proteins. In autoradiographic studies, CRF receptors were localized in highest densities in anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary, olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, amygdala, cerebellum and the macrophage-rich marginal zones and red pulp regions of the spleen. CRF can modulate the number of CRF receptors in both the brain and pituitary in a reciprocal manner. The demonstration of functional CRF receptors in brain, pituitary and spleen suggests the importance of this neuropeptide in integrating the responses of the CNS, endocrine and immune systems to physiological, psychological and immunological stimuli.
A case of anaphylaxis after a proven penicillin tolerance.

Mohamed-Kalib et al. illustrate 2 important caveatsto penicillin skin testing (PST): (1) there is an excep-tionally rare potential for resensitization, a phenom-enon in which a previously reactive patient is proventolerant, then develops sensitivity and has a positivePST; (2) consider repeating PST prior to a parenteralb-lactam prescription in patients who previouslyreported severe anaphylactic reactions.Our negative predictive value of 100% does notabate the tentative concern for resensitization.
Having It All, Maybe: Design Tradeoffs in ITS Authoring Tools

While intelligent tutoring systems are becoming more common and proving to be increasingly effective, each one must still be built from scratch at a significant cost. ITS Authoring tools, developed to address this issue, have a variety of purposes and intended users, and their design must account for tradeoffs among four overall goals: scope, depth, learnability, and productivity. We discussed how our system approaches these overall goals in terms of the four functional components of ITSs: the learning environment, the domain model, the teaching model, and the student model. Our research tires to find a balance among the goals which will yield a high level of all four, or at least investigate the possibility of excelling in all four areas.
Tablet PCs in the University: Ready for Prime Time

TabletPCs are more than just LAPTOP+ PEN rather, they are more than the sum of these parts. TabletPCs’ connectivity, portability, multimedia capability -- coupled with WinXP compatibility -- enable significant transformations of the teaching, learning, and research process. I propose to present findings from three activities associated with San Jose State University’s (SJSU) Mobility Project, initiated with several equipment and cash grants from Hewlett Packard. At SJSU, we have used HP granted mobile devices (Tablet PCs, Laptops, and PDAs) in several activities, including: • Breaking the bounds of the classroom and our concepts of education to build engaging learning experiences where mobile technologies allow class activities to occur anywhere, anytime – in the classroom, out in the community, in coffee shops, etc. • Having cross-functional teams of students build mobile technology applications for local community based organizations • Undertaking a campus-wide TabletPC test drive – involving faculty from Art & Design, Journalism, Urban Planning, Electrical Engineering, Communication Studies, Child Development and Linguistics – to build educational applications of the TabletPC that go beyond applications in the technical disciplines.
Next generation x-ray sensor (XRS) for the NOAA GOES-R satellite series

The X-Ray Sensor (XRS) has been making observations of the solar soft X-ray irradiance for over thirty years onboard National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES). The XRS provides critical information about the solar activity for space weather operations, and the standard X-ray classification of the solar flares is based on its measurements. The GOES-R series of XRSs, with the first in the series to launch in 2014, has a completely new instrument design. The XRS spectral bands remain the same as before by providing the solar X-ray irradiance in the 0.05-0.4 nm and 0.1-0.8 nm bands. The changes include using Si photodiodes instead of ionization cells to improve performance, using multiple channels to allow wider dynamic range, providing quadrant photodiodes for real-time flare location measurements, and providing accurate radiometric calibrations using the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility (SURF) in Gaithersburg, Maryland.
Effects of physical disturbance on phosphorus uptake in temperate stream biofilms

Microbial biofilm nutrient uptake kinetics can provide insight into assimilative mechanisms that regulate stream primary productivity. While kinetic experiments are often performed, little work has estimated uptake in connection with disturbance (removal) or detailed the effects that common scour events may have on benthic microbes; therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate physical disturbances on benthic stream biofilms to determine effects on phosphorus (P) uptake rate, physiological capability, and abiotic sorption. Artificial substrata were collected from 2 reaches along a temperate stream; resident biofilms were either removed via abrasion (disturbed) or left intact. A series of short-term radiotracer (H 3 33 PO 4 ) experiments were then conducted to measure P uptake. In vivo autofluorescence was measured as a proxy of algal physiological condition. The experiments showed no difference in P-uptake rates (μgP/μgChl/d) between disturbed (x = 0.77 ± 0.11 [SE] μgP/μgChl/d) and intact (x = 0.91 ± 0.17 μgP/μgChl/d) biofilms (t = 0.69, p = 0.492, df = 33). Further, microbial physiology was not depressed by physical disturbance. While killed samples yielded significantly lower uptake compared to live biota (F = 17.51, p = 0.001), abiotic sorption still accounted for a moderate fraction (range = 0.021–0.038 μgP/μgChl/d) of total uptake and thus warrants estimation in metabolic studies. Overall, these findings lend credence to numerous experiments that investigate benthic microbial physiologic responses post-disturbance and highlight the importance of uptake following common physical disturbances that occur in turbulent environments. In addition, our work measured several kinetic constants across both disturbance and temporal gradients, and we discuss their significance within a physiological framework.
Hemoglobinuria after massive intraperitoneal hemorrhage.

Determination of plasma hemoglobin levels may be a useful clinical tool for detection of bloody serous effusions when direct aspiration cannot be carried out successfully. After such extravasation, there is usually rapid absorption of unchanged blood cells through the diaphragmatic peritoneum, with return to the general circulation through mediastinal and parasternal lymphatics. Any delay in this absorption process would probably increase the degree of hemolysis. In this patient, massive hemolysis occurred. Factors probably responsible included excessive load on the lymphatic system, extreme abdominal distention, and pulmonary edema causing engorgement of the right lymphatic duct, with delayed appearance of hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria.
The economics of grain cleaning on the prairies.

In the Canadian grain marketing system, grains have typically been cleaned to very tight levels at port elevators. In recent years, changes in rail rates, livestock production and grain handling technology are pressuring the system for change. A mathematical programming model of vertical marketing functions in western Canada is developed to determine optimal locations for cleaning. Cleaning margins are positive in all regions of the prairies. Grain cleaning is found generally to be more efficient on the prairies than at the ports. However, grain cleaning will continue at ports to some extent because of inadequate capacity at country positions and sunk costs at port facilities and because primary elevators will likely clean only the dominant grains. Dans le systeme canadien de commercialisation des cereales, les grains passent generalement par un nettoyage tres rigoureux aux silos portuaires. Ces dernieres annees, les changements affectant les tarifs ferroviaires, les productions animales et la technologie de manutention des cereales rendent cependant necessaire un changement du systeme. Les auteurs utilisent un modele mathematique de programmation des fonctions verticales de mise en marche pour determiner les emplacements ideaux pour le nettoyage du grain. Les marges commerciales des nettoyeurs etaient positives dans toutes les regions des Prairies et le nettoyage etait generalement plus efficient dans cette partie di pays qu'aux situations portuaires. Il continuera cependant a sefaire a ces derniers endroits dans une certaine mesure, en raison du manque de capacites suffisantes aux emplacements de campagne, des couts irrecuperabies aux installations portuaires et du fait que les elevateurs primaires ne nettoieront vraisemblablement que les cereales commercialement le plus importantes.
An excitatory component of the jaw opening reflex in the temporal and masseter muscles of cats and monkeys

Apres stimulation electrique de la gencive chez le singe et du nerf lingual chez le chat, une reponse reflexe de courte latence a ete enregistree au niveau du muscle temporal et du masseter. La latence de cette reponse est plus rapide que celle de la reponse digastrique induite par le meme stimulus. La reponse temporale de courte latence peut egalement etre observee en l'absence tant d'une reponse digastrique que du reflexe d'ouverture de la gueule.
Imaginary computational systems: queer technologies and transreal aesthetics

Turing, like queerness, was invested in creating logics and codes, which are undoubtedly intertwined with his desires as a human, scientist, and homosexual. We are interested in Turing as a striking figure in queer and feminist histories, as the hidden queer figure behind the Apple logo and as a creator of logic and worlds (Halberstam in Fem Stud 17(3):439–460, 1991). In this paper, we first want to briefly highlight how Turing has been cast in queer and feminist histories and theories. Then, we will discuss how Turing’s work and life have influenced our own artistic practices.
Civic Environmental NGOs, Civil Society, and Democratisation in China

Abstract This paper examines the potential role of civic environmental NGOs in China's democratisation. Based on interviews with 31 NGO officials, the paper examines the origins, structures, and functions of civic environmental NGOs in China. It also examines how various political and resource constraints have shaped their development. While having made progress in organising educational campaigns and specific conservation projects, civic environmental NGOs have been less successful in influencing government decisions and official behaviours. Most recently, some NGOs have made limited progress on these fronts by maintaining a largely non-oppositional stance towards government and by utilising various formal and information channels for influencing government decisions. NGO leaders will have to negotiate with different party-state entities in defining their precise roles in the political process.
Soft x-ray instrumentation and its applications at the advanced photon source.

Knowledge of the intermediate energy range from 0.5–4 keV, bridging the “soft” and “hard” x-ray regions, is relatively underdeveloped. However, recent developments in the techniques of microscopy and magnetic circular dichroism have emphasized the need to operate in this energy range for microelectronic, biological, and materials science related experiments. The strong dipole-allowed 3 d to 4 f transitions in rare-earth magnetic materials fall in this region, as do the K -shells of many of the second and third row elements of the periodic table. Two beamlines to be constructed at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) have been designed to cover this energy region. The proposed undulator source, the beamline layout, and the experimental programs for these beamlines are described.
Middle cerebral artery strokes causing homonymous hemianopia: Positron emission tomography

Eight patients were evaluated with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography between 3 and 30 days after isolated stroke involving the middle cerebral artery territory that caused homonymous hemianopia. Diffuse hypometabolism was present throughout the damaged cerebral hemisphere, even in cortical areas not obviously ischemic by clinical examination or neuro-imaging. Glucose metabolism in primary and association visual cortex of the damaged hemisphere was decreased by more than 47% (p less than 0.01). Metabolism in the undamaged hemisphere was less profoundly affected, but significant decrements were found in calcarine (40%; p less than 0.01) and lateral occipital cortex (35%; p less than 0.05).
Significance of Normalization on Anatomical MRI Measures in Predicting Alzheimer’s Disease

This study establishes a new approach for combining neuroimaging and neuropsychological measures for an optimal decisional space to classify subjects with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This approach relies on a multivariate feature selection method with different MRI normalization techniques. Subcortical volume, cortical thickness, and surface area measures are obtained using MRIs from 189 participants (129 normal controls and 60 AD patients). Statistically significant variables were selected for each combination model to construct a multidimensional space for classification. Different normalization approaches were explored to gauge the effect on classification performance using a support vector machine classifier. Results indicate that the Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) measure is most discriminative among single-measure models, while subcortical volume combined with MMSE is the most effective multivariate model for AD classification. The study demonstrates that subcortical volumes need not be normalized, whereas cortical thickness should be normalized either by intracranial volume or mean thickness, and surface area is a weak indicator of AD with and without normalization. On the significant brain regions, a nearly perfect symmetry is observed for subcortical volumes and cortical thickness, and a significant reduction in thickness is particularly seen in the temporal lobe, which is associated with brain deficits characterizing AD.
Relation of meteorology to hydrology

As the sections of Hydrology and Meteorology in the Geophysical Union are organized and the respective fields of activity are defined, the interrelation of interests of the two sections is so obvious as to appear to render discussion unnecessary. Their fields added to that of oceanography cover that never-ending cycle of motion of water wherein it condenses in clouds, is precipitated as rain or snow, flows over and through the Earth's crust, accumulates largely in oceans, is taken into the air again by evaporation and transpiration, and is again condensed into clouds and precipitated. The Section of Hydrology works within that portion of this cycle that is represented approximately by the passage of water over and through the Earth's crust, the Section of Meteorology works within that portion represented approximately by the passage of water through the atmosphere, and the Section of Oceanography works within that portion represented by the oceans. Each field of activity begins, therefore, where another ends, and the work of one section is related to and must be consistent with the work of each of the others. The obvious points of contact between the sections of Hydrology and Meteorology are in those phases that relate to the transfer of water from the atmosphere to the Earth's crust (precipitation) and to the reverse action of transfer from the Earth's crust to the atmosphere (evaporation).
High-speed and low-power microring modulators for silicon photonics

Microring-based silicon electro-optic modulators allow high-speed and low-power devices to be fabricated in small footprints. A 30 Gbps reverse-biased microring modulator, and an 8 Gbps forward-biased microring modulator with hybrid-integrated preemphasis driver, are presented.
Interaction effects of picture and caption on humor ratings of cartoons

Summary The components of cartoon humor were analyzed in order to determine the effects of caption, picture, and interaction between caption and picture of the humor rating of the whole cartoon. Twenty-one male and female college students rated a set of 51 cartoons, presented either complete, or with picture or caption missing. It was found that the humor of the cartoon picture was positively related to the humor rating of the entire cartoon, and this effect was particularly true for highly humorous cartoons. The multiplicative interaction between picture and caption was highly correlated with humor ratings for funny cartoons, but not for less funny cartoons. This finding is taken as providing support for an incongruity notion of cartoon structure.
Mechanisms underlying the recovery of urinary bladder function following spinal cord injury

Micturition in cats and rats with an intact neuraxis is dependent upon a spinobulbospinal reflex activated by A delta bladder afferents. This report describes changes in micturition reflexes 2 h to 14 weeks following spinal cord transection at the lower thoracic level. In acute spinal cats micturition reflexes were blocked, however, several weeks after transection, a long latency (180-200 ms) spinal reflex could be activated by C-fiber bladder afferents. This reflex was blocked by capsaicin in doses (20-30 mg/kg, s.c.) that did not affect micturition reflexes in intact cats. Micturition reflexes were unmasked in acute spinal and facilitated in chronic spinal cats by naloxone, an opioid antagonist. Spinal neurons and axons containing opioid peptides were more prominent below the level of transection in chronic spinal cats. VIP, a putative neurotransmitter in C-fiber bladder afferents, inhibited micturition reflexes when injected intrathecally (2-10 micrograms) in intact cats but facilitated micturition reflexes in spinal cats (doses 0.1-1 micrograms, i.t.). VIP-containing C-fiber afferent projections to lamina I of the sacral spinal cord expanded in spinal cats. Thus VIP afferents may have an important role in the recovery of bladder reflexes after spinal injury. Paraplegic animals also exhibit bladder-sphincter dyssynergia, which causes functional outlet obstruction. Studies in rats have revealed that outlet obstruction induced by partial urethral ligation facilitates spinal micturition reflex pathways and causes an expansion of HRP-labelled bladder afferent projections in the spinal cord. These findings raise the possibility that the alterations in central reflex connections in paraplegic animals may be induced in part by changes in peripheral afferent input secondary to outlet obstruction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Client‐level outcomes of mental health services for children and adolescents

A client-level focus is needed when examining the effectiveness of mental health interventions. Three broad domains of outcomes (psychopathology, social competence, and satisfaction) are explored from the vantage points of client, professional, and societal stakeholders.
The diagnostic utility of FLAIR imaging in clinically verified amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Purpose To explore the overall diagnostic ability of magnetic resonance (MR) fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging for clinically verified amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Materials and Methods Abnormal signal intensity in FLAIR images of 18 patients with ALS and 18 age-matched normal controls were scored and compared. Six patients had serial MR imaging scans within 97 days. Mann Whitney U statistics and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. Results Hyperintensity in the subcortical white matter (SWM) and the dark line along the posterior rim of the precentral gyri were found more frequently in patients with ALS. The scores for these two signs were significantly different from those of normal controls. Hyperintensity in the corticospinal tract (CST) was found in both ALS and normal controls, but the difference was not statistically significant. ANOVA on the serial FLAIR studies revealed no significant difference in the scores among the series. The hyperintensity in SWM had a sensitivity of 56% and specificity of 94%, while the dark line in the motor cortex had a 74% sensitivity and 67% specificity. Conclusion Hyperintensity in SWM and the dark line along the posterior rim of the precentral gyri appeared more frequently in the patients with ALS. SWM hyperintensity has a better specificity in association with clinically verified ALS, while the motor dark line has a better sensitivity. No correlation was found between the FLAIR findings and progression of the disease. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;17:521–527. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Practical synchronization techniques for multi-channel MAC

Researchers have proposed many wireless MAC protocols such as [20], [8], [25], [24], [6], and [17] which exploit frequency-agile radios and multiple available channels to increase network through-put. These protocols usually only require each node to have one radio. By carefully coordinating the frequency hopping of different nodes, different node pairs can use multiple channels simultaneously. In [17], Mo et al classified these protocols into four generalized categories and compared their performances through both analysis and simulation. They found that the Parallel Rendezvous family of protocols has the best overall performance by removing the bottleneck of a single control channel. These protocols show good promise for use with multi-hop networks because these networks suffer from self-interference and traditional MAC protocols using only one channel often fail to provide satisfactory throughput. However, we are not aware of any implemented Parallel Rendezvous multi-channel MAC protocols. We argue one major reason is that existing proposals such as McMAC[17] and SSCH[6] have not thoroughly considered a practical aspect of the design essential for a working implementation, namely: synchronization. Through an exploration including an implementation exercise on hardware, we show that synchronization for multi-channel MAC protocols is a non-trivial problem. We designed and implemented a synchronization mechanism specifically for this purpose and show that it has tackled the problem of synchronizing one-hop neighbor pairs effectively, thereby paving the way for efficient multi-channel MAC protocols.
Privacy information management for video surveillance

The widespread deployment of surveillance cameras has raised serious privacy concerns. Many privacy-enhancing schemes have been proposed to automatically redact images of trusted individuals in the surveillance video. To identify these individuals for protection, the most reliable approach is to use biometric signals such as iris patterns as they are immutable and highly discriminative. In this paper, we propose a privacy data management system to be used in a privacy-aware video surveillance system. The privacy status of a subject is anonymously determined based on her iris pattern. For a trusted subject, the surveillance video is redacted and the original imagery is considered to be the privacy information. Our proposed system allows a subject to access her privacy information via the same biometric signal for privacy status determination. Two secure protocols, one for privacy information encryption and the other for privacy information retrieval are proposed. Error control coding is used to cope with the variability in iris patterns and efficient implementation is achieved using surrogate data records. Experimental results on a public iris biometric database demonstrate the validity of our framework.
Consumptive coagulopathy secondary to a groin hematoma: An unusual complication of percutaneous transfemoral catheterization

An unusual case of consumptive coagulopathy due to hematoma formation, which occurred as a local complication of percutaneous transfemoral coronary arteriography, is reported. To our knowledge, this entity has not been reported in previous series. Prompt recognition of the syndrome through appropriate laboratory tests and early surgical intervention is indicated.
Advancing a Biopsychosocial and Contextual Model of Sleep in Adolescence: A Review and Introduction to the Special Issue

Sleep problems in adolescence have been identified as an international public health issue. Over the past few decades, notable advances have been made in our understanding of the patterns and consequences of sleep in adolescence. Despite these important gains, there is much about the role of sleep in adolescence that remains to be understood. This Special Issue brings together studies that examine sleep as it specifically pertains to adolescent development and adjustment. In this introductory article, we argue for the importance of grounding the study of sleep and adolescence in developmental science and a developmental psychopathology framework. First, a review of the literature is used to outline a biopsychosocial and contextual model of sleep in adolescence. Second, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is used as an exemplar of the proposed model given the pervasiveness of sleep problems among youth with ADHD and the likelihood that sleep problems and ADHD symptoms are interconnected in complex ways. Finally, a brief introduction to the empirical articles included in the Special Issue is provided, with particular attention given to how these articles fit within the proposed biopsychosocial and contextual model. Along with the framework proposed in this article, the studies included in this Special Issue advance the current literature and point to critical directions for future research.
Feminized Reality / Male Realism: The Case of Huysmans' Marthe

L'A. montre comment Marthe peut se lire en tant que reflexion sur le naturalisme et son incapacite a atteindre le but qu'il se fixe. Ce roman, par l'intermediaire de la figure feminine principale qui n'existe qu'en tant que sujet d'inspiration, affirme que le texte realiste ne peut se realiser que si son sujet disparait
Use of controlled photoperiod to induce out-of-season breeding in ewes

Abstract Between June 1 and August 24 of two successive summers, Targhee ewes (n = 64) and Finn x Targhee ewes (n = 44) were subjected to different photoperiods. Treatments were natural day length (ND), eight hours light: 16 hours of dark (8L:16D), 16L:8D shifted to 8L:16D (16L:8D–8L:16D) and seven hours of light:nine hours of dark:one hour of light:seven hours dark (7L:9D:1L:7D). Days to the mean first breeding mark were shortest (P 0.05) among treatments through week 6. The 8L:16D group had the most rapid rise and the highest terminal progesterone value, while the ND group had the slowest rise and lowest terminal value. Mean serum prolactin values in general started high and decreased over time. This decrease in all treatments preceded the rapid rise in progesterone. The most rapid prolactin decline was for the 8L:16D group. The percentage of exposed ewes lambing was lowest (P
Cl secretagogues reduce basolateral K permeability in the rabbit corneal epithelium.

The stromal-to-tear transport of Cl by the rabbit corneal epithelium is increased by pharmacological effectors (secretagogues) that raise cAMP. It is well established that such secretagogues increase the apical membrane permeability to Cl and thus facilitate the efflux of the anion. However, we and others have found that cAMP-elevating agents frequently decrease the transepithelial potential difference across the rabbit cornea. The mechanism underlying this latter phenomenon had not been characterized. In this report, transepithelial and microelectrode studies were combined with measurements of unidirectional fluxes of 36Cl, 22Na and 86Rb to show that secretagogues known to act via cAMP also decrease the K permeability of the basolateral membrane, which by cellular depolarization would decrease apical Cl secretion. This effect was increasingly pronounced as a function of concentration when agents (e.g., epinephrine, isoproterenol) were applied to the apical side of the preparations. The addition of these agonists to the basolateral bathing solution, or of forskolin to the apical side, solely elicited inhibitions of basolateral K permeability. It seems that apical Cl and basolateral K conductances are independently and inversely regulated by cAMP. The opposite effects that cAMP could have on fluid secretion and epithelial thickness, by increasing apical Cl permeability but decreasing basolateral K permeability, may serve as a mechanism to maintain epithelial thickness within a narrow range.
90. Inflammation control augments antidepressant response in bipolar depression

There is an association between stress, stress-related mood disorders and inflammation. Control of inflammation in conjunction with antidepressant therapy may augment antidepressant response and convert treatment-resistant patients to responders. Reports with the use of celecoxib in combination with an antidepressant agent are encouraging based on the hypothesis that inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) reduces inflammation and enables antidepressant action to occur. We present preliminary data from a study of treatment-resistant bipolar depression. Patients were randomized to receive escitalopram + celecoxib, or escitalopram + placebo. Subjects completed assessments at weeks 0, 1, 2, 4 and 8. Severity of depression and anxiety were quantified using the HAM-D, HAM-A, and MADRS rating scales. Perceived stress was assessed using the PSS-14 scale. There was a statistically significant reduction in HAM-D mean scores in the active group ( p = 0.0005) vs. placebo ( p = 0.145), MADRS scores in the active group ( p p = 0.172) and HAM-A scores in the active group ( p = 0.047) vs. placebo ( p = 0.756). The PSS and HAM-D scores were positively correlated ( r = 0.684, p = 0.02). There was a statistically significant decrease in post-treatment PSS scores in the active group ( p = 0.049) vs. placebo ( p = 0.717). The interim analysis of this ongoing study reveals that scores on scales for symptoms of depression, anxiety, and perceived stress significantly improved when subjects were treated with the combination escitalopram + celecoxib. These data suggest that controlling inflammation augments antidepressant response.
The effects of magnesium sulfate on maternal and fetal platelet aggregation.

Objective: To evaluate platelet function in mothers and fetuses/neonates exposed to magnesium sulfate intrapartum. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of mothers and fetuses/neonates exposed to magnesium sulfate intrapartum compared to mothers and fetuses/neonates not exposed. Platelet aggregometry was performed in duplicate on specimens from subjects using two different agonists, ADP and collagen, on a whole blood impedance aggregometer. Results: Specimens were processed from 11 mothers and 10 fetuses/neonates exposed to magnesium and 12 mothers and fetuses/neonates, not exposed. There was no difference in platelet aggregation between the specimens from the mothers who were exposed and mothers not exposed. In the specimens from the fetuses/neonates, there was no difference using collagen as an agonist, but using ADP as an agonist, there was a remarkable difference - 0.0 ohms in the exposed group vs. 3.0 ohms in the unexposed group (p < 0.01). Conclusions: In-utero magnesium sulfate exposure sign...
JC virus persistence following progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in multiple sclerosis patients treated with natalizumab

JC virus (JCV) DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) provides the laboratory confirmatory diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in patients whose clinical symptoms and magnetic resonance imaging findings are consistent with PML.The Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience (LMMN), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), made the confirmatory laboratory diagnosis in 35 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients treated with natalizumab. Thirteen patients had 3 or more CSF samples taken from weeks to months following PML diagnosis. Seven of the 13 patients demonstrated persistence of JCV DNA in the CSF even though all patients experienced immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), 11 patients had plasma exchange, and 2 had immunoabsorption. Specific anti-JCV antibody was measured in plasma/sera samples from 25 of the 35 patients. Most of the samples showed moderate to high or rising antibody levels from the time of PML diagnosis. However, plasma from 1 patient at or near the time of PML diagnosis had a titer considered seronegative and 2 other plasma samples from patients had titers considered at baseline for seropositivity. In several PML cases, viral persistence and neurological deficits have continued for several years, indicating that once initiated, JCV infection may not entirely clear, even with IRIS.