cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SLD's final leptonic asymmetry parameter measurements

We report the SLD experiment's final measurements of leptonic asymmetry parameters from which at the Z0 pole is accurately determined. Based on these measurements, the Higgs boson mass is estimated to be less than 147 GeV/c2 at 95% confidence level within the context of the standard model.
Timing and Checkpoints in the Regulation of Mitotic Progression

Accurate chromosome segregation relies on the precise regulation of mitotic progression. Regulation involves control over the timing of mitosis and a spindle assembly checkpoint that links anaphase onset to the completion of chromosome-microtubule attachment. In this paper, we combine live-cell imaging of HeLa cells and protein depletion by RNA interference to examine the functions of the Mad, Bub, and kinetochore proteins in mitotic timing and checkpoint control. We show that the depletion of any one of these proteins abolishes the mitotic arrest provoked by depolymerizing microtubules or blocking chromosome-microtubule attachment with RNAi. However, the normal progress of mitosis is accelerated only when Mad2 or BubR1, but not other Mad and Bub proteins, are inactivated. Moreover, whereas checkpoint control requires kinetochores, the regulation of mitotic timing by Mad2 and BubR1 is kinetochore-independent in fashion. We propose that cytosolic Mad2-BubR1 is essential to restrain anaphase onset early in mitosis when kinetochores are still assembling.
The calendar, complementarity, pacing, and service delivery in the college mental health setting

The author comments on the effect of the academic calendar on demand for mental health services.
Effect of unsaturation in fatty acids on the binding and oxidation by myeloperoxidase: Ramifications for the initiation of atherosclerosis

Oxidation of low density lipoproteins (LDL) in the presence of myeloperoxidase and subsequent uptake of the oxidized LDL by specialized receptors on macrophages has been suggested as an initiating event of atherosclerosis. Oxidized fatty acid chains within the glycerophospholipids of LDL have been implicated as the recognition feature by the receptors. The ability of three fatty acids (oleic, linoleic, and arachidonic acids) typically contained in the lipid portion of the glycerophospholipids to bind and be oxidized by myeloperoxidase was measured by spectroscopically observing interactions of the lipids with the heme prosthetic group of the enzyme. As unsaturation increases in the lipid chain, myeloperoxidase binds and oxidizes the fatty acid more readily, as measured by K(D), K(M), and k(cat). A possible mechanism of the free radical oxidation by myeloperoxidase is discussed.
Foxc transcription factors directly regulate Dll4 and Hey2 expression by interacting with the VEGF-Notch signaling pathways in endothelial cells.

Background Recent studies have shown that in the developing embryo, arterial and venous identity is established by genetic mechanisms before circulation begins. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling and its downstream Notch pathway play critical roles in arterial cell fate determination. We have recently shown that Foxc1 and Foxc2, two closely related Fox transcription factors, are essential for arterial cell specification during development by directly inducing the transcription of Delta-like 4 (Dll4), a ligand for Notch receptors. However, the basic mechanisms whereby the VEGF and Notch signaling pathways control transcriptional regulation of arterial-specific genes have yet to be elucidated. Methodologies/Principal Findings In the current study, we examined whether and how Foxc transcription factors are involved in VEGF and Notch signaling in induction of Dll4 as well as the Notch target gene Hey2 in endothelial cells. We found that Foxc1 and Foxc2 directly activate the Hey2 promoter via Foxc binding elements. Significantly, Foxc2 physically and functionally interacts with a Notch transcriptional activation complex containing Su(H) and Notch intracellular domain to induce Hey2 promoter activity. Moreover, activation of the Dll4 and Hey2 promoters is induced by VEGF in conjunction with either Foxc1 or Foxc2 more than by either component alone. VEGF-activated PI3K and ERK intracellular pathways modulate the transcriptional activity of Foxc proteins in Dll4 and Hey2 induction. Conclusions/Significance Our new findings demonstrate that Foxc transcriptional factors interact with VEGF and Notch signaling to regulate arterial gene expression in multiple steps of the VEGF-Dll4-Notch-Hey2 signaling pathway.
Communication in Technical Writing

The special nature of technical writing is seen in the emphasis on efficient information transmission. Rather than relying on the classic concept of information as the probability of items in a ser...
Emergency Surgery for Colon Carcinoma

PURPOSE: Emergency surgery for colon cancer is widely thought to be associated with increased likelihood of surgical morbidity and mortality; however, other coexistent factors such as advanced disease, the age of the patient, and medical comorbid conditions may also influence these outcomes. The primary purpose of this study was to identify the relative risk for surgical morbidity and/or mortality conferred by emergency surgery compared with elective surgery for patients with colon cancer. METHODS: An Institutional Review Board-approved, case-control study was performed. During the period from January 1, 1995, to June 30, 2001, a total of 184 primary surgeries for colon cancer were performed. Emergency indications for surgery were defined as peritonitis, intra-abdominal abscess, or complete bowel obstruction at presentation (defined as emesis, distention on examination, and confirmatory plain radiograph films). By this definition, 29 patients (15.7 percent) met the criteria for inclusion. These patients were age and stage matched with 29 patients derived from the remaining 155 patients. Information was collected on surgical morbidity and mortality, length of stay, and survival. RESULTS: Age, medical comorbidities, and stage of disease were well matched between groups. The indications for the 29 emergency surgeries were as follows: 6 for peritonitis, 2 for abscesses, and 21 for complete obstructions. Nine patients did not have their primary tumor removed. Sixteen patients underwent resection and anastomosis; the remaining four patients underwent a Hartmann’s procedure. Overall surgical morbidity (64 vs. 24 percent; odds ratio, 5.1; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.7–16) and mortality (34 vs. 7 percent; odds ratio, 7.1; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.4–36.2) were significantly higher for patients undergoing emergency surgery. Among patients surviving surgery, there was no difference in overall survival between patients undergoing emergency compared with elective operation. CONCLUSIONS: Emergency surgery has a strong negative influence (beyond that which is expected based on stage of disease) on immediate surgical morbidity and mortality. The similarity between the two groups in overall survival for patients surviving the perioperative period suggests that the negative impact of emergency surgery is confined to the immediate postoperative period.
JIT, system integration and customer service

Recent literature indicates there has been an absence of top management involvement in the development of customer service policies and integration of these policies into the organizational decision making process. This paper discusses the importance of integrating customer service activities into the decision making process of today’s manufacturing organizations and thus enhancing development of an organization’s competitive advantage. Just‐in‐time systems and new technologies (product, process and information) provide the mechanisms for integration of the various activities across the supply chain. Porter’s value system concept is presented as the framework for integrating a firm’s activities within the supply chain and improving their performance.
Utility of a Distribution

LET U(G|F) denote the utility of the assertion that the distribution of a random vector x is G when it is really F. Although the utility must depend on the context it is interesting to consider what form the functional U might take if it is some form of generalized expectation of v(x,y), defined as the utility of asserting that the value of the random vector is y when it is really x. We assume that v(x,y)≤v(x,x). Natural axioms are (i) if a constant is added to v then the same constant is added to U; (ii) additivity for mutually irrelevant vectors (iii) invariance under non-singular transformations of x: U(G|F) is unchanged if a non-singular transformation x = ψ(x′), y = ψ(y′) is made, subject to the obvious desideratum that the transformed form of v is v(ψ(x′), ψ(y′)).
Abstract 3350: CIP2A regulates cell proliferation via akt signaling pathway in human lung cancer

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA CIP2A is an intracellular endogenous protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibitor with oncogenic activities. CIP2A was initially identified as a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) in gastric and liver cancer patients, and it was overexpressed in a variety of cancer types. Recently, we found that CIP2A was overexpressed in human lung cancer specimens as compared to normal lung tissues. The elevated expression of CIP2A in lung cancer cells results in an increased cell proliferation. The observation on the association between CIP2A and AKT phosphorylation at S473 in our lab and other labs suggested the role of CIP2A in regulating AKT phosphorylation. Our preliminary data indicated that CIP2A might promote cell proliferation through AKT signaling pathway under growth factor stimulation. Interestingly, the depletion of CIP2A in lung cancer cells did not induce a global change of AKT phosphatase activity, which implied that CIP2A might recognize specific AKT targets and play certain roles in the signaling pathway. In this study, we identified several AKT substrates specifically targeted by CIP2A, such as Hsp70 and mTOR, by proteomic-based systematic screening. The candidates obtained from our study will expand the understanding on protein-substrate interaction and therefore direct the cancer drug design. Therefore, our study addressed a novel role of CIP2A in mediating cancer progression through interacting with AKT pathway in a substrate-dependent manner. Citation Format: Ningjing Lei, Bo Peng, Jiangying Zhang. CIP2A regulates cell proliferation via akt signaling pathway in human lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3350. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3350
Sequential group topology on rationals with intermediate sequential order

Using CH we construct a countable sequential topological group whose sequential order is between 2 and w giving a consistent negative answer to P. Niykos' question.
Label-free in situ detection of individual macromolecular assemblies by surface enhanced Raman scattering

We demonstrate label-free detection of lipid vesicles and polystyrene beads freely diffusing in aqueous solution using surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The signals observed enable real-time identification and monitoring of individual particles interacting with the SERS substrate. SERS is demonstrated as a label-free method capable of monitoring transient species in solution on the millisecond time scale.
Evidence for the Pinocchio Effect: Linguistic Differences between Lies, Deception by Omissions, and Truths.

The study used Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count and Coh-Metrix software to examine linguistic differences with deception in an ultimatum game. In the game, the Allocator was given an amount of money to divide with the Receiver. The Receiver did not know the precise amount the Allocator had to divide, and the Allocator could use deception. Allocators either lied, deceived through omission, or were truthful with the Receiver with their allocation decision. Liars used a higher percentage of third-person pronouns, numbers, and profanity than other participants. Participants using deception by omission used fewer words and a lower percentage of causation words than other participants. Support was found for the “Pinocchio effect”: liars generally used more words than other participants, although truthful Allocators with suspicious partners did not significantly differ from liars on word count. Allocators with suspicious partners used more negative emotion words and profanity. Mixed support was found for indexe...
Heat and mass transport in microwave drying of porous materials in a spouted bed

A heat- and mass-transfer model was developed to simulate microwave and spouted-bed combined (MWSB) drying of diced apples, a hygroscopic porous material. A total gas-pressure equation was introduced to take into account internal vapor generation during microwave drying. The governing equations for heat and mass transfer were simplified using a scaling technique and numerically solved with the finite difference method. The physical, thermodynamic, thermal, transport and dielectric properties used in the simulation were either from our measurements or from the literature. Model predictions agreed well with experimental results. The pressure-driven moisture migration during MWSB drying resulted in a high drying rate. The numerical analysis predicted a temperature-leveling effect that was confirmed by experimental results. The unique temperature leveling in MWSB drying helps to control product temperature and improves product quality as compared to microwave-assisted fixed-bed hot-air drying methods.
Hydrogen adsorption on graphite and in carbon slit pores from path integral simulations

A method for computing adsorption isotherms for quantum fluids by combining grand canonical Monte Carlo with the path integral technique is presented. The method is used to compute the isosteric heat of adsorption for H2, HD, and D2 as a function of coverage for several different graphite-hydrogen potentials, and these results are compared with available experimental data. Adsorption isotherms for H2, HD, and D2 on graphite are computed and compared with experiment. The agreement between simulations and experiment is very good in most cases. Adsorption of para-hydrogen in graphite slit pores is studied by grand canonical path integral Monte Carlo. Comparison with classical hydrogen at the same absolute and reduced temperatures indicates that the quantum effects suppress capillary condensation for some values of the slit width.
Paclitaxel sensitivity correlates with p53 status and DNA fragmentation, but not G2/M accumulation.

Purpose: The antitumor agent paclitaxel (Taxolt) has been shown to arrest cells in mitosis through microtubule stabilization and to induce apoptosis. The tumor suppressor gene p53 is implicated in the regulation of cell cycle checkpoints and can mediate apoptotic cell death. Although initial studies demonstrated that various DNA-damaging agents can induce p53, more recent studies have also shown p53 induction following nonDNA‐ damaging agents, including paclitaxel. We investigated the influence of p53 abrogation on paclitaxel-induced cell kill and correlated the extent of mitotic arrest and DNA fragmentation by paclitaxel with the drug’s cytotoxic effect. Materials and Methods: The parental human colorectal carcinoma cell line (RKO) with wild-type p53 alleles, and two transfected RKO cell lines with inactivated p53 (RKO.p53.13 with transfected mutant p53 and RC 10.3 with HPV-16-derived E6 gene) were exposed to graded doses of paclitaxel (1‐100 nM) for 24-h intervals. The functional status of p53 in cells was assessed by thymidine and BrdU incorporation following exposure to ionizing radiation (4 Gy). Reproductive integrity following paclitaxel treatment was assessed by clonogenic assay. Immunolabeling and microscopic evaluation were used to assess mitotic accumulation and micronucleation. Apoptosis was assayed using DNA fragmentation analyses. Results: A 4-fold increase in paclitaxel sensitivity was observed among RKO cells deficient in p53 function compared with wild-type RKO cells (IC 50: 4 nM, 1 nM, 1nM for RKO, RKO.p53.13, RC 10.3, respectively). The increased cytotoxic effect in RKO cells with inactive p53 correlated with an increased propensity towards micronucleation and DNA fragmentation following paclitaxel treatment. However, no significant difference in peak mitotic accumulation was observed among RKO cells with functional or abrogated p53. Conclusions: RKO cells lacking functional p53 demonstrate significantly enhanced sensitivity to paclitaxel compared with that of wild-type RKO cells. This response corresponded with increased micronucleation and DNA fragmentation in cells deficient in p53 function. Although previous published reports of enhanced paclitaxel sensitivity in p53-deficient cells correlated this finding with increased G2/M arrest, we did not observe any significant correlation between paclitaxel-induced cell kill and the degree of mitotic arrest. Our data suggest that apoptosis is the predominant mechanism of paclitaxel cytotoxicity in RKO cells and is likely mediated by a p53-independent process. © 1999 Elsevier Science Inc.
Transmission and Infectious Dose of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Swine

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli O157:H7 is only occasionally isolated from healthy swine, but some experimentally infected animals will shed the organism in their feces for at least 2 months. Potential explanations for the paucity of naturally occurring infections in swine, as compared to cattle, include a lack of animal-to-animal transmission so that the organism cannot be maintained within a herd, a high infectious dose, or herd management practices that prevent the maintenance of the organism in the gastrointestinal tract. We hypothesized that donor pigs infected with E. coli O157:H7 would transmit the organism to naive pigs. We also determined the infectious dose and whether housing pigs individually on grated floors would decrease the magnitude or duration of fecal shedding. Infected donor pigs shedding
Analysis of expressed sequence tags indicates 35,000 human genes

The number of protein-coding genes in an organism provides a useful first measure of its molecular complexity. Single-celled prokaryotes and eukaryotes typically have a few thousand genes; for example, Escherichia coli has 4,300 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae has 6,000. Evolution of multicellularity appears to have been accompanied by a several-fold increase in gene number, the invertebrates Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster having 19,000 and 13,600 genes, respectively. Here we estimate the number of human genes by comparing a set of human expressed sequence tag (EST) contigs with human chromosome 22 and with a non-redundant set of mRNA sequences. The two comparisons give mutually consistent estimates of approximately 35,000 genes, substantially lower than most previous estimates. Evolution of the increased physiological complexity of vertebrates may therefore have depended more on the combinatorial diversification of regulatory networks or alternative splicing than on a substantial increase in gene number.
Direction of arrival of HF radio waves deduced from ionospheric electron content gradients

Ionospheric electron content gradients are obtained from Faraday rotation observations of near simultaneous passages of the crossed-path radio beacon satellites BE-B and BE-C. Bearing deviation of an HF signal computed from the content gradient information is compared with simultaneously measured values in a radio direction finding experiment.
Evolutionarily conserved noncoding DNA in the human genome: how much and what for?

The noncoding component of the human genome is receiving increased attention from biologists because of its predicted role in regulation of transcription, DNA replication, chromosome pairing, and chromosome condensation. Finding the functional elements within this 97% of the human genome presents major intellectual and experimental challenges. By comparing genomic DNA sequence from diverse species, functional elements may be recognized on the basis of their evolutionary conservation. In this issue, Frazer et al. (2001) describe the large-scale identification of conserved noncoding elements from human chromosome 21 using oligonucleotide array technology. In a twoway comparison between mouse and human, they found that the amount of conserved noncoding sequence was roughly equal to the coding sequence in this region. One-half of the human/mouse conserved noncoding sequence was also conserved in a third mammal, the dog. This work produced a catalog of potential functional elements for chromosome 21 that will be valuable to future studies of gene regulation and chromosomemechanics. In addition, a method for identification of conserved sequences prior to genome sequencing is shown.
Health Disparities: A Primer for Public Health Social Workers

In 2001, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services published Healthy People 2010, which identified objectives to guide health promotion and to eliminate health disparities. Since 2001, much research has been published documenting racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare. Although progress has been made in eliminating the disparities, ongoing work by public health social workers, researchers, and policy analysts is needed. This paper focuses on racial and ethnic health disparities, why they exist, where they can be found, and some of the key health/medical conditions identified by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to receive attention. Finally, there is a discussion of what policy, professional and community education, and research can to do to eliminate racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare.
Management effects on C accumulation and loss in soils of the southern Appalachian Piedmont of Georgia

Soil conservation management practices can impact on soil C storage. Long- and short-term data sets from three research sites were used to assess effects of management on C content of soils on the southern Appalachian Piedmont of Georgia. Intensive cultivation resulted in no observable change in total C content at the end of 3 yr, but at the end of 16 yr there were 40% and 18% declines in C in conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) soils, respectively, at the Horseshoe Bend site. No significant changes in soil C were observed in either CT or NT soils at the end of 16 yr at Griffin. Higher clay content of Griffin soils may have contributed to this difference. Newly established NT plots on C-depleted soils on Dawson Field showed no change in C content at the end of 3 yr on both a highly eroded Pacolet sandy clay loam and a slightly eroded Cecil sandy loam. A soil under long-term NT accumulated C at a mean rate of ca. 0.6 Mg C ha ˇ1 yr ˇ1 , reaching 29 Mg C ha ˇ1 after 20 yr. Steady-state levels of C in soils of the region may approach 40 Mg C ha ˇ1 (0‐20 cm depth). Long-term forested and sod-based soils at Griffin showed C contents approximating this steady-state, while fertilized NT soils exceeded the estimated steadystate level. # 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Potential for attenuation‐based estimations of rainfall rate from CloudSat

[1] Attenuation of radar signals in rain increases with frequency while the variability of non-attenuated reflectivity of rainfall diminishes as resonance scattering effects become more pronounced at higher radar frequencies. At mm-wavelength frequencies, attenuation often becomes the dominant factor responsible for apparent reflectivity changes in vertical. This study presents an attenuation-based method to retrieve vertical profiles of rain rate from nadir-pointing W-band (94 GHz) radars. The quantitative assessments of retrieval errors are discussed, and an illustration of the retrievals using measurements from the spaceborne 94 GHz CloudSat radar is shown. As a consistency check, the spaceborne W-band radar retrievals are compared with concurrent estimates from a ground-based weather surveillance radar.
Allostatic Load as a Complex Clinical Construct: A Case-Based Computational Modeling Approach

Allostatic load (AL) is a complex clinical construct, providing a unique window into the cumulative impact of stress. However, due to its inherent complexity, AL presents two major measurement challenges to conventional statistical modeling (the field's dominant methodology): it is comprised of a complex causal network of bioallostatic systems, represented by an even larger set of dynamic biomarkers; and, it is situated within a web of antecedent socioecological systems, linking AL to differences in health outcomes and disparities. To address these challenges, we employed case-based computational modeling (CBM), which allowed us to make four advances: (1) we developed a multisystem, 7-factor (20 biomarker) model of AL's network of allostatic systems; (2) used it to create a catalog of nine different clinical AL profiles (causal pathways); (3) linked each clinical profile to a typology of 23 health outcomes; and (4) explored our results (post hoc) as a function of gender, a key socioecological factor. In terms of highlights, (a) the Healthy clinical profile had few health risks; (b) the pro-inflammatory profile linked to high blood pressure and diabetes; (c) Low Stress Hormones linked to heart disease, TIA/Stroke, diabetes, and circulation problems; and (d) high stress hormones linked to heart disease and high blood pressure. Post hoc analyses also found that males were overrepresented on the High Blood Pressure (61.2%), Metabolic Syndrome (63.2%), High Stress Hormones (66.4%), and High Blood Sugar (57.1%); while females were overrepresented on the Healthy (81.9%), Low Stress Hormones (66.3%), and Low Stress Antagonists (stress buffers) (95.4%) profiles.
A Liberal Communitarian Conception of Privacy

In a large and complex society, anti-social behavior cannot be restrained by government intervention alone — without it becoming a police state. Informal social controls are necessary to keep deviance from societal norms and values at a socially acceptable level, and one of the levers of this social pressure is the observation of and reaction to the personal conduct of members of one’s community. This article argues that in several areas of contemporary American life decreasing privacy by strengthening informal social controls will lessen the need for state surveillance and regulation, which tends to be act with a heavier hand and is more invasive than its informal counterpart.
Generalized Linear Observables for Ocean Wind Retrieval From Calibrated GNSS-R Delay–Doppler Maps

The Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) mission will use Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry to measure ocean surface winds in and near the hurricane inner core, including regions beneath the eye wall, which could not previously be measured from space due to intense precipitation. The CYGNSS constellation will consist of eight small satellite observatories in 500-km circular orbits at an inclination of ∼35°. CYGNSS observatories will receive both direct and reflected signals from Global Positioning System satellites. Direct signals will be used both for conventional navigation of the observatory positions and for calibration of the incident signal power. Reflected signals respond to ocean surface roughness, from which wind speed is retrieved. This is observed as changes in a delay–Doppler map (DDM). A generalized observable, which is defined as a linear combination of the DDM samples, is optimized using three different methods: maximum signal-to-noise ratio, minimum variance of the wind speed, and principal component analysis (PCA). Performance of each of these three approaches is compared with each other and with that of the baseline Level-2 retrievals defined for CYGNSS: DDM average, leading edge slope, and the minimum variance combination of both. PCA is found to have the best performance.
Defending Imminence: From Battered Women to Iraq

The war against Iraq and nonconfrontational killings by battered women are two recent examples of a more general theoretical problem. The underlying question is when may a defender act in self-defense. While some nineteenth century common law cases vested the rights in the defender, arguing that it was unfair to force her to live in fear, contemporary domestic and international law cast the balance decidedly on the side of the aggressor, by forcing the defender to wait until the aggressor's attack is imminent. The Bush Administration and the battered woman simply ask whether the pendulum swung too far in the aggressor's favor. Why wait for imminence, if the defender needs to act earlier? In response to the plight of battered women, many criminal law scholars advocate jettisoning the imminence requirement. They contend that imminence's role is simply to establish necessity. It thus follows that in those situations where imminence proves to be a poor proxy for necessity, the need to act trumps the imminence requirement. Exporting such reasoning to international law yields the conclusion that America's war against Iraq could also be justified by a showing of sufficient need. This Article claims that the significance of the imminence requirement is independent of the needs of the defender. Self-defense is not merely self preferential acting. Rather, self-defense is best understood as a limited right to respond to aggression. Imminence serves as the actus reus for aggression, separating those threats that we may properly defend against from mere inchoate and potential threats. Thus, when one seeks to pull at the thread of imminence, the fabric of self-defense itself unravels.
Anti-phase boundaries at the SrTiO3/Si(001) interface studied using aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy

In this work, the atomic structure of anti-phase boundary defects at the SrTiO3/Si (001) interface is investigated by aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. Atomic-resolution images reveal an abrupt SrTiO3/Si interface with no intermediate oxide layer. Both single and double Si atomic columns (“dumbbells”) from different terraces of the Si(001) surface are visible at the interface. Anti-phase boundaries (APB) consisting of two adjacent TiO2 planes in the SrTiO3 (STO) film resulting either from Si surface steps or from the merging of crystalline domains from different surface nucleation sites are identified. These APBs occur on either {110} or {010} planes and both types have displacement vectors of aSTO/2⟨110⟩.
Licensing Content for PDAs

Abstract Health sciences libraries have grown comfortable with licensing Web-based electronic resources such as e-journals and texts in recent years. Libraries attempting to license PDA resources will find some similarities, but many new pitfalls await them. Major issues include difficulties in evaluating products, multiple versions of products, vendors' lack of familiarity with institutional markets, and access and pricing models. The library collection development policy statement (CDPS) is seen as one way for a library to develop an approach to offering PDA products, but for the present, libraries may be restricted by the actual cost to provide the content. doi:10.1300/J383v04n01_16
Identifying the Content and Topics of Instructor Use of Verbally Aggressive Messages

The purpose of this study is to extend the research conducted on perceived instructor verbal aggressiveness by identifying specific examples of Infante's 10 types of verbally aggressive messages used by instructors. Participants were 225 undergraduate students, who provided an example of a verbally aggressive message used by an instructor. From these examples, 9 types of verbally aggressive messages were identified: competence attacks, work ethic attacks, swearing, threats, character attacks, nonverbal behaviors, teasing, background attacks, and physical appearance attacks. Future research should examine both the extent to which instructors are perceived to use these 9 types of verbally aggressive messages and the reasons instructors report for why they use the messages.
Tamoxifen in the Treatment of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in the Western world. Because breast cancer is estrogen-dependent, reducing estrogen secretion by oophorectomy, hypophysectomy, or adrenalectomy can cause the cancer to regress. The need for these surgical procedures was reduced by the introduction of tamoxifen, which acts as an antiestrogen by inhibiting the binding of estrogen to estrogen receptors. Tamoxifen was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1977 for the treatment of women with advanced breast cancer and several years later for adjuvant treatment of primary breast cancer.1 Pharmacology and Endocrinology Pharmacologic and Pharmacokinetic Properties The compound administered . . .
Evolution of a Retail Market Area: An Event-History Model of Spatial Diffusion

AbstractWe model the development of the market area around a newly opened retailer in terms of the diffusion of individual consumer adoptions across time and space. The large number of such events ...
Simulation and Prediction of Realistic Magnetic Positive Positioning for Space Based Fluid Management Systems

BACKGROUND For more than 30 years, analytical, experimental, and computational studies have been performed to seek reliable technologies for managing cryogenic propellants in reduced gravity. Passive and impulsive systems have been utilized for monopropellant management onboard small satellites. Passive systems depend on surface tension forces generated by specific geometries, such as screens, vanes, and channels, inside the tank, to hold the propellant within specific locations inside the tank. One disadvantage of the passive system is the increased weight of the spacecraft due to the vane/screen/channel structures. Active systems achieve reorientation by firing external thrusters that accelerate the spacecraft tank relative to the liquid. The advantage propulsive methods have over passive systems is that propellant can be repositioned to meet mission requirements. However, implementation requires the addition of auxiliary thrusters, fuels, and controls. Experimental and computational studies have shown that a sufficiently strong magnetic field can influence a magnetically susceptible liquid. An improved simulation integrates an electromagnetic field model and incompressible flow model to predict fluid reorientation using realistic magnetic fields. Flow fields are presented incorporating several realistic magnetic fields to verify and validate the connectivity of the integrated system. Conclusions are drawn about the fidelity of the integrated simulation in modeling magnetically induced fluid flows. The simulation is used to model the application of magnetic positive positioning of LOX in a reduced gravity experiment utilizing a realistic magnetic field. Preflight experiment predictions of the performance of the magnetic field in reorienting LOX are presented and recommendations are made for future design.
Constructing Conservative Identity: Peasant Mobilization Against Revolution In Nicaragua

This article explores the centrality of conservative "peasant" identity in the large-scale armed mobilization of rural Nicaraguans to oppose revolutionary change in the 1980s. Drawing on fieldwork in the municipio of Quilali, an epicenter of rural resistance, I argue that the construction of a grassroots "peasant" identity, its content and boundaries, was a contested process strongly influenced by dynamics of social class and shifting concentrations of social, military, and political power. This case study also highlights tensions between goals of recognition (in identity movements) and distribution (in social justice movements), and the dilemmas that conservative movements present for those who seek to evaluate, analytically and normatively, social movement impact.
Assessment through Adversary Proceedings

Many controversies over technology- and environment-related policy have been characterized by experts’ disagreement over the relevant scientific facts. Prominent examples include conflict over nuclear fission, fluoridation, food additives, depletion of the ozone layer, and high-voltage transmission lines. Often the industrialists and technocrats who are party to such controversy blame the conflict on the fact that their opponents are paranoid neo-Luddites who are scientifically illiterate and uninformed about the relevant technical issues.1 Likewise, often the radical environmentalists and consumer advocates involved in such a dispute blame the allegedly scientific controversy on the fact that their opponents are spokespersons for a ‘technomanagerial elite’ rather than advocates of disinterested scientific inquiry.2 The existence and intensity of these controversies suggests that the present governmental bodies responsible for using the results of technology assessment (TA) and environmental-impact analysis (EIA) are unable to handle the interface between technological, environmental, and public policy components of contemporary decisionmaking. Perhaps one reason for this failure, as Chapters Three—Seven of this volume suggest, is that TA’s and EIA’s are often not responsive to the complex ethical and methodological issues which need to be addressed as part of comprehensive policy-making.
Recent Developments in Theories of Wave Generation

Theories of generation of acoustic and magnetohydrodynamic waves are briefly reviewed with a special emphasis on their applicability to stellar convection zones. Recent developments in these theories and possible directions for future studies are discussed. A new approach allowing to extend the Lighthill-Proudman theory of sound generation to a non-isothermal medium is also presented.
Adverse effects of antiretroviral treatment among 3014 HIV/AIDS patients in Dehong prefecture,Yunnan

Objective To evaluate the adverse effects of antiretroviral treatment(ART) among HIV/AIDS patients.Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed to evaluate the adverse effects within the first 90 days of ART treatment.We analyzed adverse events for all HIV/AIDS patients aged over 16 years,who started ART from July,2004 to December,2009 and were followed-up for at least 90 days.Results This study included 3 014 HIV infected patients with an average age of 35.8±9.9 years.Among the patients,61.2% were male,55.4% were of ethnic minorities,71.4% were married or living together with their spouses/sex partners,55.0% were illiterate or had only primary school education,75.1% were farmers and 67.0% infected HIV heterosexually.The two main treatment regimens were d4T+3TC+NVP(53.9%) or AZT+3TC+NVP(33.4%).Within the first 90 days of ART,49.0% of patients had the elevated levels of serum aminotransferase,32.0% had the reduced numbers of white blood cells,23.6% had anemia,25.8% had the symptoms of digestion system and 10.6% had rash among the patients who had normal laboratory testing results before treatment.A multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that anemia was associated with female,senior,ethnic minority,AZT or EFV treatment and a low baseline CD4+T cell count;reduced white blood cells was associated with female,senior,ethnic Han,AZT or NVP treatment and a low baseline CD4+T cell count;and elevated serum aminotransferase level was associated with male,senior,low education level,d4T treatment and normal baseline CD4+T cell count.Conclusions The incidences of adverse events were high within the first 90 days of ART treatment among HIV/AIDS patients.The treatment adverse effects were associated with the demographic characteristics and CD4+T cell counts as well as antiretroviral drug regimens.
Six-Year Change in High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T and Risk of Subsequent Coronary Heart Disease, Heart Failure, and Death.

Importance High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) is a biomarker of cardiovascular risk and could be approved in the United States for clinical use soon. However, data linking long-term temporal change in hs-cTnT to outcomes are limited, particularly in primary prevention settings. Objective To examine the association of 6-year change in hs-cTnT with incident coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure (HF), and all-cause mortality. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective observational cohort study, performed from January 1, 1990, to December 31, 2011, included 8838 participants with biracial representation from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study who were initially free of CHD and HF and who had hs-cTnT measured twice, 6 years apart. Data analysis was performed from October 28, 2014, to March 9, 2016. Main Outcome and Measures Risk factor and temporal hs-cTnT data were collected. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we examined the association of hs-cTnT change with subsequent CHD, HF, and death during a maximum of 16 years. Improvement in discrimination was determined by the Harrell C statistic. Results Of the 8838 participants (mean age, 56 years; 5215 female [59.0%]; 1891 black [21.4%]) there were 1157 CHD events, 965 HF events, and 1813 deaths overall. Incident detectable hs-cTnT (baseline, Conclusions and Relevance Temporal increases in hs-cTnT, suggestive of progressive myocardial damage, are independently associated with incident CHD, death, and, above all, HF. Serial determination of hs-cTnT trajectory adds clinically relevant information to baseline testing and may be useful in prognostic assessments and the targeting of prevention strategies to high-risk individuals, especially among persons with stage A or B HF.
Macro-scale fracture analysis of isothermal composites: Theory and seven applications

Abstract Starting with the macroscopic energy balance and the macroscopic entropy inequality, a lower bound is derived for the critical strain energy at which an isothermal composite or multiphase material fractures or fails. It relates the work done on the body, or the strain energy created in the body, to the new fracture surface area created. No assumption is made about the number or configurations of these fractures. Using previously published experimental observations by others, seven examples are developed to demonstrate how this inequality can be used to calculate bounds that can be compared with experimental observations. Six involve carbon fiber/epoxy aerospace laminates, and one an oil/gas producing sandstone. No adjustable parameters or history matching are employed.
Decreased hippocampal metabolism in high-amyloid mild cognitive impairment

Abstract Introduction Hippocampal volume (HV), cortical metabolism, and thickness are decreased in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Hippocampal metabolism (HM) studies comparing MCI and clinically normal (CN) elderly gave inconsistent results. As hippocampus is a key region in Alzheimer's disease, we hypothesized that HM is specifically decreased in high-amyloid MCI. Methods Overall, 250 CN and 45 MCI underwent three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging, fludeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography, and fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (PET), and Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) PET. We investigated the interaction between clinical and amyloid status on HM, HV, cortical metabolism, and thickness using linear models, covarying age, gender, and education. Analyses were conducted with and without correction for multiple comparisons and for partial volume effects. Results Volume-adjusted HM was decreased in high-amyloid MCI but close to normal in low-amyloid MCI and in high-amyloid CN. Both MCI groups had hippocampal atrophy, although less severe in low-amyloid MCI. High-amyloid CN and high-amyloid MCI had cortical hypometabolism. Discussion HM is decreased when both cognitive impairment and amyloid are present.
EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC DISTURBANCES ON PARAMO VEGETATION IN PODOCARPUS NATIONAL PARK, ECUADOR

Paramo, a form of tropical alpine vegetation, has experienced intense anthropogenic disturbances throughout the northern Andes, but relatively few studies have examined the disturbance ecology of this ecosystem. This article concerns the use of experimental techniques to quantify the effects of human disturbances on lower paramo vegetation in southern Ecuador. Beginning in January 1992, thirty-eight 3 × 2 m plots were inventoried at a site (3285 to 3384 m elevation) that includes both grass paramo and shrub paramo communities. Within the grass paramo, three different treatments were applied: eight plots were cut with a machete, eight were burned with gasoline, and eight were cut and burned; ten plots in the shrub paramo were cut only. The regeneration within these plots was monitored one year later. Within the grass paramo, “burned” plots experienced a higher rate of woody stem regrowth than did plots in the other treatments. “Cut and burned” plots experienced the lowest rate of woody stem regeneration an...
Quantum consciousness and life

Introduction We saw in Part I that in addition to explaining consciousness there is another hard problem for the modern scientific worldview – understanding what quantum physics is telling us about reality. And if anything this one is harder. In philosophy of mind there is at least consensus enough for an orthodox position to exist (materialism), and a widespread expectation that it will be vindicated by future neuroscience. By contrast, in philosophy of physics all sides understand that quantum theory is compatible with a variety of metaphysical interpretations, and have little hope that new empirical discoveries will settle the matter. But both problems are “hard” in the sense that, despite tremendous intellectual effort over many decades, no clear progress has been made toward solving them. The basic idea of quantum consciousness theory is that bringing the two problems into contact may be the key to solving both (though I will be addressing only the mind–body problem in what follows). That this could be a novel idea attests to the fact that their philosophical discussions have evolved quite separately. While philosophers of physics have long been interested in the role of consciousness in the measurement process, they have engaged little with the mind–body problem per se; and philosophers of mind have been almost unanimous in dismissing the suggestion that consciousness has anything interesting to do with quantum physics. Social scientists might echo such skepticism, wondering how adding the problem of interpreting quantum theory to the problem of consciousness will help them . Besides piling up jargon and arcane debates, in moving to the sub-atomic level we are now even farther removed from the human world, and seemingly poised to engage in the most vulgar reductionism. Yet, naively one might expect the two problems to be related, for two reasons. The first is the intriguing analogies mentioned in Chapter 1 between the mental and quantum domains.
Polysilylether: A Degradable Polymer from Biorenewable Feedstocks.

The synthesis of polysilylethers (PSEs) using a monomer derived from a biorenewable feedstock is reported. The AB-type monomer was synthesized from undecenoic acid through hydrosilylation and reduction, and the polymerization was catalyzed by earth-abundant metal salts. High-molar-mass products were achieved, and the degree of polymerization was controlled by varying the amount of an AA-type monomer in the reaction. The PSEs possess good thermal stability and a low glass-transition temperature (Tg≈−67 °C). To demonstrate the utility of the PSEs, polyurethanes were synthesized from low-molar-mass hydroxy-telechelic PSEs.
Central Cord Syndrome

Central cord syndrome is a common spinal cord injury. The purpose of this review article is to provide an overview of the anatomy, pathophysiology, prognosis, and management of this disorder.