cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Breast thermography as a screening technique: An evalutation of performance data

The concepts of relative operating characteristics (ROC-curves) and detectability index (d') are introduced for the purpose of evaluating performance in breast thermography. In assessing published information on the subject we have found that much of it is anecdotal and lacks sufficient data to determine performance. We have also found that for those published findings which had sufficient data it was possible to reconcile conflicting conclusions as to the efficacy of thermography, and that performance could be quantitated with the use of the detectability index. Conclusions for optimizing available clinical thermographic techniques are given together with ways for future improvement.
Analysis of Non-Newtonian Effects in Dynamically Loaded Finite Journal Bearings Including Mass Conserving Cavitation

Non-Newtonian effects of multigrade engine oils in dynamically loaded crankshaft bearings are analyzed. The main focus of this work is on the shear-thinning effect. Viscoelastic effects are also considered over a limited range of the relaxation time. It has been shown that the same generalized Reynolds equation used in the Thermohydrodynamic (THD) analysis can be used for analyzing the shear-thinning effects as well. Consequently the shear thinning effect and the THD effect can be treated together
Highly Efficient Synthesis of Azabicyclo[x.y.0]alkane Amino Acids and Congeners by Means of Rh-Catalyzed Cyclohydrocarbonylation

A highly efficient method for the synthesis of 1-azabicyclo[x.y.0]alkane amino acid derivatives and their congeners by means of extremely regioselective cyclohydrocarbonylation (CHC) is described. The CHC reactions are catalyzed by Rh-BIPHEPHOS complex under mild conditions. These CHC reaction processes involve (i) an extremely linear-selective hydroformylation of the terminal alkene moiety of a dehydrodipeptide substrate, (ii) intramolecular condensation to form cyclic N-acyliminium key intermediate, and (iii) the second cyclization through intramolecular nucleophilic addition of a heteoatom nucleophile to the cyclic N-acyliminium moiety to afford the corresponding 1-azabicyclo[x.y.0] system. This consecutive double cyclization process proceeds with extremely high diastereoselectivity in most cases. This method has been successfully applied to the syntheses of 1-azabicyclo[4.4.0], -[5.4.0], and -[4.3.0] systems. The mechanisms of the reactions and the rationale for the observed extremely high diastereoselectivity are presented. This Rh-catalyzed CHC process would serve as a highly efficient and versatile method for the syntheses of a variety of conformationally restrained dipeptides, peptidomimetics, alkaloids, and other biologically active natural or unnatural products.
The Design and Construction of Hele‐Shaw Models

Criteria and factors are considered which affect the design of a Hele-Shaw viscous flow model for use in ground- water studies. Procedures and construction techniques for assembling such a model are outlined. Some of the advantages and drawbacks in using a viscous flow model are discussed, Three examples are used to demonstrate the use of the model
Severe right ventricular pressure loading in fetal sheep augments global myocardial blood flow to submaximal levels.

BACKGROUNDIt has previously been shown that the fetal right ventricle (RV) is sensitive to changes in arterial pressure and that its stroke volume is significantly reduced with acute increases in pulmonary arterial pressure. However, the myocardial blood flow (MBF) response to increases in pulmonary arterial pressure have not been investigated in the fetus.METHODS AND RESULTSTo assess whether the RV afterload sensitivity to arterial pressure is associated with limitation in MBF, seven fetal lambs were instrumented at 130 days of gestation with a pulmonary arterial occluder and intravascular catheters. RV stroke volume was measured by an electromagnetic flow probe and MBF by 15-microns labeled microspheres. MBF was determined at baseline and during incremental increases in pulmonary arterial pressure. Maximal MBF was determined in seven additional fetuses during adenosine infusion. The highest tolerated pressure was associated with a 50% reduction in RV stroke volume. The highest pulmonary arterial occlusi...
Theory of pure rotational transitions in doubly degenerate torsional states of ethane

It is shown that pure rotational transitions in doubly degenerate torsional states of C2H6 (with selection rules Delta K = 0, plus or minus 1) are made allowed by Coriolis interaction between torsion and dipole-allowed vibrations. Expressions are presented for integrated intensities from which strengths of lines in the millimeter region can be calculated.
Red Imported Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Effects on the Horn Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) and Coprophagous Scarabs

Predation by natural populations of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, caused significant reductions in known populations of horn flies in field studies over a 2-year period in Texas (1980–1981). Exposure to the combined effects of predators and competitors of the horn fly had a greater effect on horn fly populations than exposure to S. invicta alone. The presence of S. invicta had a negative effect on the native scarabs and on Onthophagus gazella F., an imported scarab, as they attempted to colonize fresh cattle manure. However, O. gazella was able to utilize its food source in the presence of large numbers of S. invicta.
Causality gives no constraints on monopole annihilation

Abstract It is shown that, contrary to a recent claim, causality alone does not impose constraints on the density of surviving monopoles in Langacker-Pi-type models.
Competition in vivo between a cytopathic variant and a wild-type duck hepatitis B virus.

Several examples of human hepatitis B virus strains with enhanced replicationin vitrohave been described. To understand whether this characteristic could be a cause of liver disease, we have studied a variant of the closely related duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) that had enhanced levels of cccDNA accumulation, previously shown to be cytopathicin vitro,as a model for the pathogenesis of analogous viruses in humans.In vivoliver damage caused by this variant (G133E) occurred only during the first 2 weeks p.i., after which time cccDNA levels and liver histology returned to near normal despite continued virus replication. To determine whether recovery was due to the emergence of noncytopathic revertant, we tested whether wild-type virus would have a selective advantage in competition with the cytopathic mutant in a fully infected liver. In a mixed infection of ducklings with G133E and a small amount of wild-type virus, the wild-type virus was detected as the predominant genotype after recovery of normal liver histology. Two candidate revertant viral genomes were cloned directly from the serum virus of G133E-infected birds after recovery and tested for (i) control of cccDNA levels in primary hepatocyte cultures and (ii) their ability to compete with wild-type virus in a mixed infection. At least one noncytopathic revertant was identified by these two criteria. The results support the conclusion that the recovery from liver damage in G133E-infected ducklings was due to the emergence of spontaneous noncytopathic revertants rather than to host suppression of virus cytotoxicity. The results indicate that acute liver injury may result from infection with a cytopathic hepadnavirus but that such viruses may be rapidly replaced by noncytopathic variants during persistent infection.
Trauma, transfusions, and use of recombinant factor VIIa: A multicenter case registry report of 380 patients from the Western Trauma Association.

Background This study describes the current use of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) for hemorrhage after trauma in the United States. We hypothesized that we could describe the setting in which rFVIIa would be most successful in arresting hemorrhage after injury. Study Design This case registry study of patients with traumatic injuries at risk for death from hemorrhage at Level I and II trauma centers in the United States analyzed the administration of rFVIIa from admission to death from hemorrhage. Secondary outcomes measures of interest were the use of blood products, days in the ICU, organ failure, and thrombotic complications. Results Three hundred and eighty injured patients who received rFVIIa as an adjunct for hemorrhage control were included in this analysis. The mean time from admission to administration of rFVIIa was 4.6 hours, with an average transfusion of 18 U blood before administration (range 0 to 99 U). Death from hemorrhage rate was 30%. Predictors of a poor response to rFVIIa were a pH Conclusions Based on this case registry review, the precise role of rFVIIa in traumatic hemorrhage is unclear. Surgeons choosing to use this drug as an adjunctive measure to reverse coagulopathy are advised to first correct shock, acidosis, and thrombocytopenia.
The effect of levamisole on human lymphocyte mediator production in vitro

Abstract Levamisole has previously been demonstrated to increase delayed hypersensitivity reactions in anergic patients. In order to elucidate the mechanism by which levamisole stimulates the immune response in vivo , we have studied the effect of this substance on both human lymphocyte proliferation and lymphocyte-mediator production in vitro . Our results indicate that in vitro levamisole augments the production of soluble mediators by mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes, while having no effect on lymphocyte proliferation.
Genes and Regulatory Sites of the ``Host-Takeover Module'' in the Terminal Redundancy of Bacillus subtilis Bacteriophage SPO1

Abstract Early in infection of Bacillus subtilis by bacteriophage SPO1, the synthesis of most host-specific macromolecules is replaced by the corresponding phage-specific biosyntheses. It is believed that this subversion of the host biosynthetic machinery is accomplished primarily by a cluster of early genes in the SPO1 terminal redundancy. Here we analyze the nucleotide sequence of this 11.5-kb “host-takover module,” which appears to be designed for particularly efficient expression. Promoters, ribosome-binding sites, and codon usage statistics all show characteristics known to be associated with efficient function in B. subtilis. The promoters and ribosome-binding sites have additional conserved features which are not characteristic of their host counterparts and which may be important for competition with host genes for the cellular biosynthetic machinery. The module includes 24 genes, tightly packed into 12 operons driven by the previously identified early promoters P E 1 to P E 12. The genes are smaller than average, with half of them having fewer than 100 codons. Most of their inferred products show little similarity to known proteins, although zinc finger, trans-membrane, and RNA polymerase-binding domains were identified. Transcription–termination and RNase III cleavage sites were found at appropriate locations.
Simulated rainfall evaluation of revegetation/mulch erosion control in the Lake Tahoe basin: 2. Bare soil assessment

Slopes that have been disturbed through roadway, ski slope or other construction often produce more sediment than less disturbed sites. Reduction or elimination of sediment loading from such disturbed slopes to adjacent streams is critical in the Lake Tahoe basin. Here, use of a portable rainfall simulator (RS), described in the first paper of this series, is used to evaluate slope effects on erosion from bare volcanic and granitic soils (road cut and ski run sites) common in the basin in order to establish a basis upon which revegetation treatment comparisons can be made. Rainfall simulations (60 mm h−1, approximating a 100-year, 15-minute storm) at each site included multiple replications of bare soil plots as well as some adjacent ‘native’, or relatively undisturbed soils below trees where available. Field measurements of time to runoff, infiltration, runoff, sediment discharge rates, and average sediment concentration were obtained. Laboratory measurements of particle-size distributions using sieve and laser counting methods indicated that the granitic soils had larger grain sizes than the volcanic soils and that road cut soils of either type also had larger grain sizes than their ski run counterparts. Particle-size-distribution-based estimates of saturated hydraulic conductivity were 5–10 times greater than RS-determined steady infiltration rates. RS-measured infiltration rates were similar, ranging from 33–50 mm h−1 for disturbed volcanic soils and 33–60 mm h−1 for disturbed granitic soils. RS-measured runoff rates and sediment yields from the bare soils were significantly correlated with plot slope with the exception of volcanic road cuts due to the narrow range of road cut slopes encountered. Sediment yields from bare granitic soils at slopes of 28 to 78 per cent ranged from ∼1 to 12 g m−2 mm−1, respectively, while from bare volcanic soils at slopes of 22 to 61 per cent they ranged from ∼3 to 31 g m−2 mm−1, respectively. Surface roughness did not correlate with runoff or erosion parameters, perhaps also as a result of a relatively narrow range of roughness values. The volcanic ski run soils and both types of road cut soils exhibited nearly an order of magnitude greater sediment yield than that from the corresponding native, relatively undisturbed, sites. Similarly, the granitic ski run soils produced nearly four-times greater sediment concentration than the undisturbed areas. A possible goal of restoration/erosion control efforts could be recreation of ‘native’-like soil conditions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Spectrophotometric Study of the Changes inPeroxide Value of Spray-Dried Whole Milk Powder during Storage

Summary One-hundred gram samples of four different lots of powdered whole milk were stored at 35° and 100° F. for a period of one year. Half the samples were air-packed and the remainder were nitrogen-packed. Determinations were made periodically of the oxygen and carbon dioxide present in the headspace gas. Peroxide values were also measured and the reconstituted milk was judged for flavor. Summarized results follow: 1. The amount of carbon dioxide evolved during storage was not uniform, suggesting that this gas is reabsorbed to some extent by certain constituents of the milk. Higher carbon dioxide values were obtained on the samples stored at 100° F. 2. After twelve months storage there was approximately 2.7 times as much oxygen absorbed at 100° F. as at 35° F. in the air-packed samples. In the nitrogen-packed samples there was approximately 3.3 times as much oxygen absorbed at the higher storage temperature. 3. Most of the freshly packed samples showed some peroxide value though a number of these samples did not develop an oxidized flavor until after nine months of storage. 4. Although fluctuating peroxide values were obtained on the same lot of powder during storage, in general, maximum values were reached in 6 to 9 months, after which the trend was downward. 5. There was no correlation between peroxide value and either the temperature of storage or the method of packing the powder. 6. The flavor score of all samples decreased during storage but at a more rapid rate in the case of the air-packed samples and those samples held at 100° F. 7. Although peroxide formation in all samples was higher after 12 months of storage, the values were not sufficiently correlated with flavor scores to justify the use of the peroxide test as a means of measuring or predicting the keeping quality of whole milk powder. 8. Organoleptic tests remain the most accurate method of measuring changes that occur in flavor and odor of powdered whole milk during storage at either 35° F. or 100° F.
Solubility Limits. on Radionuclide Dissolution

This paper examines the effects of solubility in limiting dissolution rates of a number of important radionuclides from spent fuel and high-level waste. Two simple dissolution models were used for calculations that would be characteristics of a Yucca Mountain repository. A saturation-limited dissolution model, in which the water flowing through the repository is assumed to be saturated with each waste element, is very conservative in that it overestimates dissolution rates. A diffusion-limited dissolution model, in which element-dissolution rates are limited by diffusion of waste elements into water flowing past the waste, is more realistic, but it is subject to some uncertainty at this time. Dissolution rates of some elements (Pu, Am, Sn, Th, Zr, Sm) are always limited by solubility. Dissolution rates of other elements (Cs, Tc, Np, Sr, C, I) are never solubility limited; their release would be limited by dissolution of the bulk waste form. Still other elements (U, Cm, Ni, Ra) show solubility-limited dissolution under some conditions. 9 references, 3 tables.
Spinal and trigeminal lamina I input to the locus coeruleus anterogradely labeled with Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) in the cat and the monkey

Abstract Terminal fibers anterogradely labeld with Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) were observed in the locus coeruleus in the brainstem of the cat and the cynomolgus monkey following injections in lamina I of the spinal or medullary dorsal horn. Thus, thermoreceptive- or nociceptive-specific lamina I cells that project to the locus coeruleus could directly influence arousal, vigilance, and the descending control of spinal integration.
The laws of reflection and refraction of incompressible magnetohydrodynamic waves at a fluid-solid interface

Abstract The laws of reflection and refraction of incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves at a fluid-solid interface are derived by matching inhomogeneous electromagnetic plane wave solutions in a finitely conducting solid with homogeneous MHD plane wave solutions in a semi-infinite, perfectly conducting, inviscid fluid. In the undisturbed state both media contain a constant and uniform magnetic field H 0 of arbitrary orientation with respect to the interface. The solid solution represents a refracted wave which attenuates due to ohmic dissipation as it penetrates the solid, while the fluid solution consists of unattenuated incident and reflected waves plus a disturbance travelling parallel to the interface whose amplitude decreases exponentially (without dissipation) with distance from the interface. Modification of the Ferraro-Roberts law of reflection is required to insure that incident and reflected waves propagate in opposite directions along H 0 . Since the law is independent of the fluid and solid parameters, it is also valid in the fluid-fluid and fluid-free-space cases. Owing to the anisotropy imparted to the fluid by H 0 , the law of refraction is antisymmetric about normal incidence and, as a result, most waves from an isotropic source are refracted into the quadrant of the plane of incidence containing a component of H 0 .
Two-layer mutually reinforced random walk for improved multi-party meeting summarization

This paper proposes an improved approach of summarization for spoken multi-party interaction, in which a two-layer graph with utterance-to-utterance, speaker-to-speaker, and speaker-to-utterance relations is constructed. Each utterance and each speaker are represented as a node in the utterance-layer and speaker-layer of the graph respectively, and the edge between two nodes is weighted by the similarity between the two utterances, the two speakers, or the utterance and the speaker. The relation between utterances is evaluated by lexical similarity via word overlap or topical similarity via probabilistic latent semantic analysis (PLSA). By within- and between-layer propagation in the graph, the scores from different layers can be mutually reinforced so that utterances can automatically share the scores with the utterances from the same speaker and similar utterances. For both ASR output and manual transcripts, experiments confirmed the efficacy of involving speaker information in the two-layer graph for summarization.
High mobility group chromosomal proteins bind to AT-rich tracts flanking plant genes

AT-rich sequences in the 5′ flanking regions of several plant genes have been shown to bind nuclear proteins, but the nature of these proteins has remained largely unknown. We report here that certain plant high mobility group (HMG) chromosomal proteins can interact specifically (in the presence of excess non-specific competitor) with AT-rich sequences located upstream of the pea ferredoxin 1 gene (Fed-1) and a member of the wheat Em gene family. Binding was observed with highly purified preparations of HMGa or HMGb, but not with HMGc or HMGd. HMG-DNA complexes were similar to one of the two types of Fed-1 complexes we observed previously using pea nuclear extracts [7]. HMG binding to the Fed-1 DNA was localized to a region containing AT-rich sequences; very similar sequences are present 5′ to Em and several other plants genes. Such sequences have been shown to bind unidentified nuclear proteins in a number of these systems. Binding experiments with a synthetic oligo (dA) • oligo (dT) probe and competition experiments with synthetic DNA polymers suggest that HMG binding may depend upon structural features of AT-rich DNA rather than being sequence-specific. We discuss the implications of these findings and suggest a role for HMG binding which is consistent with previous evidence linking HMGs with transcriptionally competent chromatin.
Bidirectional influences of vibrotactile stimuli on modification of the human acoustic startle reflex

The present study deals with the effects of a vibrotactile prepulse on the acoustic startle reflex. An 85-dB(A) broadband noise was used to elicit the startle reflex, and the amplitude, latency, and probability of integrated electromyographic activity of the muscle beneath the eye were measured. Experiment 1 involved the presentation of vibrotactile prepulses at 20-dB SL to the hand, at lead times (stimulus onset asynchronies) of 0 to 400 msec before the acoustic startle stimulus. When compared to control (no prepulse) responding, a vibrotactile prepulse with a lead time of 25 msec caused a significant increase in response amplitude, while prepulses at lead times of 150 to 400 msec inhibited response amplitude. Response latency was significantly reduced (there was facilitation) in comparison with results for the control condition, at lead times of 25, 50, 75, 100, 200, and 350 msec. Experiment 2 involved presenting subjects with two prepulses (at lead times of 25 and 200 msec) on the same trial or on separate trials. A prepulse at a lead time of 25 msec caused an increase in response amplitude, but had no effect on response latency or probability. A prepulse at a lead time of 200 msec caused a decrease in response probability, but had no effect on response amplitude or latency. Response amplitude and probability were larger when both prepulses were presented on the same trial than they were when the 200-msec lead time prepulse was presented alone. These data support the hypothesis that the mechanisms for inhibition and facilitation of the human startle reflex are partially independent, and that crossmodal modification of the startle response may involve different mechanisms than those responsible for modification within a single sensory system.
Determination of bioactive FSH in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).

Studies of the reproductive biology of nonhuman primates are commonly hindered by the lack of homologous, sensitive immunoassay systems for gonadotropins. The recent development of a bioassay based upon folliclestimulating hormone (FSH)-stimulated estradiol production by rat Sertoli cells (Padmanabhan et al.: Endocrinology 121:1089–1098, 1987) offers a novel opportunity to expand our knowledge of the physiological importance and regulation of this important reproductive hormone in these species. Accordingly, we have established the utility of the rat Sertoli cell FSH bioassay to study the reproductive biology of rhesus monkeys. Analysis of medium from cultured rhesus monkey pituitary cells demonstrates the ability of this assay system to specifically and sensitively detect macaque FSH. Serial dilutions of unextracted urinary samples stimulate estradiol in parallel with the reference standard. The pattern of bioactive FSH in daily urine samples throughout the menstrual cycle resembles that normally observed in serum, displaying a clear preov alatory gonadotropin surge. In attempts to analyze rhesus monkey serum, severe interference with cellular estradiol production was found with extremely low serum sample volumes. In order to circumvent this problem, a serum extraction procedure utilizing metaphosphoric acid was developed which permits the accurate determination of bioactive FSH in serum. The pattern of serum bioactive FSH secretion throughout the menstrual cycle is in general agreement with that observed by FSH RIA, although immunoreactive FSH values are consistently higher. The ability to detect bioactive FSH in macaques will significantly enhance our research capabilities with nonhuman primate species which share many physiological similarities with man. Important applications also may be found in studies on the reproductive biology in endangered species of primates.
An automatical bay-based graphics drawing method for power grid graphs in the power system

With the rapid development of the power system, the power grid becomes greater and more and more complex, but the graphics drawing method for power grid graphs in the power system is still manual mode. It is a heavy work and most of it is repetitive and easy to make mistakes. Therefore, how to generate lots of substation graphs quickly and exactly that have similar wiring in Power Systems becomes a very important topic. This paper proposes an automatical bay-based method which can generate substation graphs. The bay unit is used in the substation graphs as the drawing unit. Through the study of lots of substation graphs, some typical bay templates were abstracted. And then based on the flexible configuration of the bay templates and the different topology wirings, the equipments of the power system such as bay and so on was automatic layout. Finally, a lot of substation graphs were generated automatically through typical bay templates. This method has been used in real smart grid dispatching systems widely and makes the maintenance of the dispatching system more conveniently, rapidly and accurately.
Genetics of autism spectrum disorders.

Characterized by a combination of abnormalities in language, social cognition and mental flexibility, autism is not a single disorder but a neurodevelopmental syndrome commonly referred to as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Several dozen ASD susceptibility genes have been identified in the past decade, collectively accounting for 10–20% of ASD cases. These findings, although demonstrating that ASD is etiologically heterogeneous, provide important clues about its pathophysiology. Diverse genetic and genomic approaches provide evidence converging on disruption of key biological pathways, many of which are also implicated in other allied neurodevelopmental disorders. Knowing the genes involved in ASD provides us with a crucial tool to probe both the specificity of ASD and the shared neurobiological and cognitive features across what are considered clinically distinct disorders, with the goal of linking gene to brain circuits to cognitive function.
The implications of method placement on API learnability

To better understand what makes Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) hard to use and how to improve them, recent research has begun studying programmers' strategies and use of APIs. It was found that method placement --- on which class or classes a method is placed --- can have large usability impact in object-oriented APIs. This was because programmers often start their exploration of an API from one "main" object, and were slower finding other objects that were not referenced in the methods of the main object. For example, while mailServer.send(mailMessage) might make sense, if programmers often begin their API explorations from the MailMessage class, then this makes it harder to find the MailServer class than the alternative mailMessage.send(mailServer). This is interesting because many real APIs place methods essential to common objects on other, helper objects. Alternate versions of three different APIs were compared, and it was found that programmers gravitated toward the same starting classes and were dramatically faster --- between 2 to 11 times --- combining multiple objects when a method on the starting class referred to the other class.
In critical illness, high-protein enteral nutrition with immune-modulating nutrients did not reduce infections

Source Citation van Zanten AR, Sztark F, Kaisers UX, et al. High-protein enteral nutrition enriched with immune-modulating nutrients vs standard high-protein enteral nutrition and nosocomial infect...
Precipitousness in forcing extensions

On montre que la precipitation de ω 1 peut persister dans une variete d'extensions de forcage
Witnessing Community Violence in Residential Neighborhoods: A Mental Health Hazard for Urban Women

We examined the prevalence and psychological correlates of witnessing community violence among women of low socioeconomic status living in urban neighborhoods in the northeastern United States. Three hundred eighty-six women receiving their health care at an urban community health center were sampled to assess their violence exposures. Women were asked to report the location and timing of their exposure to witnessing violent neighborhood events in which they were not participants. The Brief Symptoms Inventory was used to assess anxiety and depressive symptoms. Controlling for marital status, educational attainment, age, and intimate partner violence victimization, women who witnessed violent acts in their neighborhoods were twice as likely to experience depressive and anxiety symptoms compared to women who did not witness community violence. Central American-born women had particularly high exposures. We conclude that witnessing neighborhood violence is a pervasive experience in this urban cohort, and is associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms, even among women who are not direct participants in violence to which they are exposed. Community violence interventions must incorporate efforts to protect the mental health of adult women who witness events in their neighborhoods.
Implications of parton model concepts for large transverse momentum production of hadrons

We study the implications of the parton-parton scattering picture for large-transverse-momentum hadronic events. Topics discussed are single and double inclusive cross sections, two-jet cross sections, multiplicities, quantum numbers, and contributions to ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{tot}}$ and ${\frac{d\ensuremath{\sigma}}{\mathrm{dt}}|}_{\mathrm{el}}$.
Radiofrequency tongue base reduction in sleep-disordered breathing: A pilot study.

Abstract Objective: This pilot study investigates the new technology of radiofrequency energy (RFe), as applied to the tongue base, for the purpose of assessing feasibility, safety, and possible efficacy in the treatment of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Methods: Eighteen patients with SDB, in whom at least palatopharyngoplasty had failed, were entered in this study. The mean respiratory disturbance index was 39.6, with a mean nadir oxygen (SaO2) of 81.9%. A radiofrequency electrode delivered energy to the subsurface tongue base with local anesthetic. Polysomnography, quantitative speech and swallowing studies, questionnaires, and visual analog scales were used to assess outcomes. MRI assessed changes in tongue volume. Results: Separate RFe treatments (mean 5.5) at 4-week intervals were given (mean 1543 J for 9 minutes at 80°C), for a mean energy total of 8490 J per patient. The posttreatment mean respiratory disturbance index was 17.8, and the SaO2 nadir was 88.3%. Weight increased slightly; speech and swallowing did not change. Questionnaires and visual analog scale scores showed improvement in study variables. Tongue volume was reduced by a mean of 17%. Pain was controlled by hydrocodone for 3 to 4 days. One infection was seen and resolved with incision and drainage. Conclusion: This pilot study demonstrates feasibility, safety, and efficacy in reducing tongue volume using RFe. Additional cumulative energy may improve the cure rate for SDB. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999;120:656-64.)
Synthesis and study of new radial organic/inorganic hybrid epoxides

A new approach to the synthesis of reactive organic/inorganic hybrid molecules was developed. Alternating hydrocarbon and siloxane segments were introduced into the arms of radial oligomers using hydrosilation chemistry. Cycloaliphatic and glycidyl epoxy-terminal systems with bisphenol A-based aromatic hydrocarbon cores and siloxane units derived from 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane were synthesized and fully characterized (molecules 7 and 6, respectively). The cationic UV and thermal curing behavior of these two new radial hybrid epoxies was investigated using photo- and thermal- differential scanning calorimetry. Hybrid cycloaliphatic epoxy 7 exhibited good UV curing kinetics and photopolymerized to high conversion. The glycidyl analog 6 exhibited poor UV curing kinetics, but was readily cured using 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole as a nucleophilic curing agent. Both hybrid epoxysiloxanes exhibited extensive thermal cationic cure. The physical properties of cured films of the two new radial epoxysiloxanes were studied and compared with various commercially available hydrocarbon and siloxane benchmark materials. The cured systems exhibited lower moisture uptake and better thermal stability than most hydrocarbon epoxies examined. Several visually compatible blends of the new hybrid molecules with common hydrocarbon resins were identified, and in general organic compatibility was found to be intermediate among selected siloxane-containing benchmarks. Molecules 6 and 7 represent progress towards the goal of synthesizing highly functional organic/inorganic hybrid molecules which combine the best attributes of both hydrocarbon epoxides and siloxane materials. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Gastrointestinal histoplasmosis presenting as hematochezia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected hemophilic patients.

Two hemophiliacs infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) presented with hematochezia secondary to gastrointestinal involvement with Histoplasmosis capsulatum. In one patient who was already receiving fluconazole, the diagnosis was obscured. Both patients responded to amphotericin B followed by intraconazole, with no recurrence of bleeding. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Some remarks concerning the Baum‐Connes conjecture

-algebra of Γ. So far, there is quite little evidencefor this conjecture. For example, there is not a single property T group forwhich it is known to be true. In this note we show that, in some sense, thehomological algebra of their conjecture is correct. In many cases, the periodiccyclic homology of certain dense subalgebras suggests what the K-theoryshould be. In the case of a discrete group Γ, the periodic cyclic homology ofthe algebraic group algebra CΓ is quite easy to calculate. Let !Γ"
Functional Outcomes of Replantation Following Radiocarpal Amputation

Purpose To assess the long-term functional and clinical outcomes of patients who have undergone replantation after radiocarpal amputation. Methods We performed a retrospective review of radiocarpal joint amputations at a level 1 trauma center over a 13-year period. Medical records of patients treated with replantation were queried for injury data, operative reports, complications, and clinical progress. Patients who met inclusion criteria were contacted for long-term follow-up. We measured total active motion of each digit, strength (grip and pinch), and 2-point discrimination. Functional outcomes were assessed with Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score, Mayo Wrist Score, Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation, and Michigan Hand Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were calculated, including frequencies for categorical variables and means and ranges for continuous variables. Results Six patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 36 years (range, 26–50 y). Five patients were available at a mean follow-up of 3.9 years (range, 1.0–6.9 y). Compared with the contralateral uninjured extremity, total active motion of the hand was 38% (range, 26% to 59%) and grip strength was 9% (range, 0% to 18%). Neither tip nor key pinch was present. Mean 2-point discrimination was 10.6 mm (range, 8–12 mm). All mean outcome scores indicated moderate disability, including Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (76; range, 45–82), Mayo Wrist Score (23; range, 5–50), Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (86; range, 56–98), and Michigan Hand Questionnaire (27; range, 15–55). Two patients were able to return to work and 3 were permanently disabled. All patients were satisfied with the hand function. Conclusions Successful replantation for a radiocarpal joint amputation is associated with major restriction of motion, decreased strength, and moderate disability on functional outcome assessments. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.
Engagement, Workplace Satisfaction, and Retention of Surgical Specialists in Academic Medicine in the United States

BACKGROUND: Academic medical centers strive for clinical excellence with operational efficiency and financial solvency, which requires institutions to retain productive and skillful surgical specialists. Faculty workplace perceptions, overall satisfaction, and intent to leave are relationships that have not been examined previously among US surgeons in academic medicine. We hypothesize that critical factors related to workplace satisfaction and engagement could be identified as important for enhancing institutional retention of academic surgeons. STUDY DESIGN: The 2011� 2012 Association of American Medical Colleges Faculty Forward Engagement Survey evaluated demographic variables, physician workplace satisfaction, and overall engagement among faculty subgroups, including comparison of surgical and nonsurgical clinicians. Multiple regression analysis (b ¼ standard regression coefficient) was performed to identify critical factors most closely related to surgeon satisfaction and intent to leave their institutions. RESULTS: A total of 1,356 of 1,949 (70%) surgeons from 14 medical schools responded across different faculty subgroups, and comparisons were made with 1,105 nonsurgical clinicians. Multiple regression indicated that the strongest predictors of surgeons’ overall satisfaction with their department included department governance (b ¼ 0.36; p < 0.001), collegiality and collaboration (b ¼ 0.23; p < 0.001), and relationship with supervisor (b ¼ 0.17; p < 0.001). Although compensation and benefits were important (b ¼ 0.08; p < 0.001), these did not rank as the most important factors. Promotion equality (odds ratio ¼ 0.62; p < 0.05), collegiality and collaboration (odds ratio ¼ 0 .51; p < 0.05), and nature of their work (odds ratio ¼ 0.52; p < 0.05) were most closely related to intent to leave the medical school within 1 to 2 years. CONCLUSIONS: In the largest survey focusing on workplace factors affecting surgical faculty satisfaction and intent to leave, we conclude that institutional understanding of, and improvement in, specific work environment factors can enhance recruitment and retention of academic surgeons. (J Am Coll Surg 2014;219:31e44. � 2014 by the American College of Surgeons)
Interaction of tonic neck and vestibular reflexes in the forelimb of the decerebrate cat

Tonic neck reflexes, studied with EMG recording, have similar dynamics in forelimb extensor muscles of acutely labyrinthectomized cats, and in cats with intact labyrinths. The reflex occurs more frequently in the latter and its gain is higher. In intact preparations we evoked vestibular and tonic neck reflexes separately or in combination, at frequencies of 0.05-0.5 Hz. As expected from earlier work, the two reflexes oppose each other and frequently cancel; the two reflexes add linearly.
AGU Updating Position Statement on Data: Call for Comments

AGU is in the process of revising its data accessibility and preservation position statement.
Factors Influencing Estimates of Sperm Competition in Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

In apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), using females that had mated twice, we investigated the occurrence of sperm predominance by using electrophoresis to analyze four enzymes (allozymes) of parents and offspring. A maximum likelihood method was used to estimate paternity when males did not differ unambiguously at any of the four loci. We found predominance of second male sperm in most cases; 79–93% of offspring were fathered by the second male. The degree of sperm predominance was not significantly affected by male mating treatment, number of days of female egglaying, or method of paternity determination (estimated or exact).
Disassembly, Reassembly, and Photoelectrochemistry of Etched TiO2 Nanotubes

Etched TiO2 nanotubes are removed from the titanium foil substrate by sonication and are reassembled onto new electrodes for photovoltaic applications. CdS nanocrystallites were deposited on the restructured electrodes to compare their performance as quantum dot-sensitized solar cells to aligned nanotube electrodes. The sensitized photoresponses of the photoelectrochemical cell created from reassembled TiO2 nanotubes are very similar to aligned TiO2 nanotube arrays. Transient absorption spectroscopy of dispersed tubes indicates that electron transfer from excited CdS nanocrystallites into TiO2 nanotubes occurs at a rate of 2.0 × 1010 s−1. BET surface area analysis is investigated on etched nanotube powder without the need for weight approximation and was found to be 77.0 ± 2.9 m2/g. The importance of nanotube orientation and porosity on the electrode surface in stabilizing accumulated electrons in TiO2 nanotubes is elucidated from the open circuit voltage decay. Nanotube orientation was also seen to affec...
Study on morphology of high impact polypropylene prepared by in situ blending

High impact polypropylene (HIPP) was prepared by in situ blending of isotactic polypropylene and ethylene–propylene rubber (EPR) with spherical Ziegler–Natta catalyst. Morphology and pore characteristics of such HIPP were investigated by scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscopy, and mercury intrusion. Amorphous phase was removed from polypropylene matrix and characterized by 13C NMR spectrum. It was found that the EPR prepared in this manner contained variable composition polymer chains with a distribution of ethylene and propylene sequence lengths. Final products of HIPP were free flowing, spherical granules. There were small pores in HIPP, which seemed not to be filled up, and could be determined by mercury intrusion even when the content of rubber was up to 24 wt %. Homopolypropylene with pore diameter between 100 and 10,000 nm was suitable for EPR to fill in during ethylene–propylene copolymerization. The block copolymer fractions act as a compatilizer between matrix and EPR. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 1386–1390, 2006
Heuristic Circuit-Allocation In A Tactical Net

The circuits in a military command and control network are expected to operate continuously in spite of changes and damage, and must be restored in minutes should they fail. Using object-oriented design methods as a basis for development, this paper describes an approach to the decentralized allocation of circuits in such a network. Aided by local knowledged-based allocation-assistants that collectively guide a circuit-restoration message to its destination via available routes, a node-operator at the destination authorizes one of the proposed circuit routes for allocation of resources. In such a network, a common software-based assistant distributed to each node, can aid operators in the rapid reconstruction of a badly damaged network. This approach also provides a planning aide for tactical network designers, who can use this approach to model nodes, trunk-lines, channels and circuits. Distributed allocation allows network planners to forgo stored restoration plans as their principal means of maintaining service. In time of war, such plans cannot accommodate multiple outages or respond to rapidly changing needs. Node-operators, making use of knowledge-based allocation assistants, can make the necessary decisions.
Quality of soybeans in export.

Soybean quality is of concern to processors throughout the world, as deterioration during storage, handling and shipment can result in crude oil which is difficult to process and has high refining losses. Little information is available comparing the relative quality of soybeans in export shipment based on crop year and origin. Shipments of soybeans originating from the United States, Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina were sampled in Europe and Asia during a four-year period. Soybean samples were graded, protein and oil contents determined, and oil quality characteristics assessed by laboratory procedures. Results of these analyses present, for the first time, direct comparisons of the quality of soybeans exported from the principal producing countries. The data suggests that United States (U.S.) farmers and exporters must continue their efforts to improve the physical characteristics of soybeans in export shipment; the emphasis of breeding and genetic engineering research should be to increase the protein content of soybeans grown in the U.S.; and that the high quality of crude oil recovered from U.S. soybeans should prove an advantage to the processor using soybeans imported from the United States.
Effect of dynamic stability on a step task in ACL deficient individuals.

Abstract Stair ascent and descent requires large knee motions and muscle forces that can be challenging for people with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency. Movement and muscle activity patterns were compared in two groups of ACL deficient subjects and a group of uninjured subjects. The ACL deficient subjects were prospectively classified according to functional ability. "Copers" were defined as individuals with complete ACL rupture and no symptoms of knee instability and participated in high-level sports without difficulty. "Non-copers" were defined as ACL deficient individuals who had instability with low-level daily activities and were not able to participate in sports. Sagittal plane kinematic and kinetic data from the hip, knee and ankle and electromyographic data from the vastus lateralis, lateral hamstring, medial gastrocnemius, and soleus were collected as subjects stepped up and over a 26 cm high step. Both coper and non-coper subjects had altered movement patterns as they controlled the rapid movement from step ascent to descent with their involved limbs. Only non-copers used significantly different movement patterns on their involved limb compared to controls after they had descended from the step and their involved side accepted the weight of the body. Classifying subjects by functional ability resulted in more pronounced differences in movement patterns between non-copers and copers. Copers moved more like uninjured subjects.