cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FerriNaphth: a fluorescent chemodosimeter for redox active metal ions.

FerriNaphth, a fluorescent chemodosimeter for FeIII, has been prepared and characterized. The probe consists of a catechol ligand linked to a naphthalimide fluorophore by an aniline nitrogen linker. Upon exposure to FeIII, the aminocatechol of FerriNaphth is oxidized to the corresponding quinone, which in its imine-one tautomer, is hydrolyzed to liberate a fluorescent aminonaphthalimide derivative. The fluorescence behavior is consistent with oxidation being promoted by metal coordination.
Diatomic ions of noble gas fluorides

Abstract ArF 1 is formed by F − 2 , Ar, by Ar − · F 2 , and by a weak chemi-ionization process. The first two are exothermie and imply D 0 (ArF − ; 1.655 eV. Corresponding reactions of F − 2 with Ne and He were not detected, even at high collision energy.
Hidden Conflicts and Journalistic Norms: The Case of Self‐Coverage

This chapter explores how activities surrounding news workers' coverage of their own firms relates to the phenomenon of hidden conflicts in organizations. Journalists make attributions that their colleagues are averse even to talking about self-coverage by noting that it rarely comes up as a topic of serious discussion within the news organization. The chapter suggests that how conflicts about self-coverage are managed and how this conflict management is tied to larger dynamics of organizational control. Quantitative studies linking different kinds of mergers to changes in the norms of news workers, as well as in the amount and nature of self-coverage by journalistic outlets involved in the mergers. It argues that the need to modify contemporary scholarly contentions that news firms expect to see open conflict on policy issues between reporters and their superiors. The chapter deals with contemporary opinion that organizational argumentation represents the norm rather than the exceptions in news organizations.
A Note on Issues Concerning the Measurement of Self‐Efficacy1

Self-efficacy has been an important psychosocial construct for more than a decade. However, several different ways of measuring the concept have appeared in the literature, raising questions as to the comparability of approaches. This study is a “first-step” exploration of issues relating to the use of alternate measures of self-efficacy. ANCOVA results raise concerns regarding the comparability of measures of self-efficacy, which are undifferentiated in terms of level of difficulty, and measures that reflect graded levels of task difficulty. These measurement issues hold implications for future research utilizing measures of self-efficacy.
Occupational growth and decline

The rate and stability of changes in the size of occupations are found to be related to occupations’ task characteristics, membership characteristics, and sectoral location. Annual changes in the size of 210 detailed occupations from 1972 through 1982 are examined. Occupations that were little unionized, substantively complex, concentrated in the social services and producer services sectors, and made up predominantly of male workers had the highest average annual growth rates during this period. Small, low‐paying, physically demanding occupations concentrated in the transformative sector and not in the personal services sector showed the greatest fluctuation in their annual growth rates during this period.
Reversing Cancer From Inside and Out: Oncogene Addiction, Cellular Senescence, and the Angiogenic Switch

Abstract Cancer is largely caused by genetic events that result in the mutation of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, leading to cell autonomous proliferation and growth. The repair of these mutant gene products may be expected to subvert this neoplastic behavior. Indeed, oncogene inactivation can result in the elimination of all or almost all tumor cells by various mechanisms through the phenomena described as oncogene addiction. Recently, we have shown that oncogene addiction occurs through at least two broad classes of mechanisms: tumor cell intrinsic mechanisms of cellular senescence and apoptosis; and tumor cell extrinsic host-dependent mechanisms that include the shut-down of angiogenesis. We have argued that the abatement of oncogenic activity within a cancer cell not only leads to the demise of a tumor from within but also through the instruction of the restoration of the microenvironment.
Enhanced live cell imaging via photonic crystal enhanced fluorescence microscopy.

We demonstrate photonic crystal enhanced fluorescence (PCEF) microscopy as a surface-specific fluorescence imaging technique to study the adhesion of live cells by visualizing variations in cell–substrate gap distance. This approach utilizes a photonic crystal surface incorporated into a standard microscope slide as the substrate for cell adhesion, and a microscope integrated with a custom illumination source as the detection instrument. When illuminated with a monochromatic light source, angle-specific optical resonances supported by the photonic crystal enable efficient excitation of surface-confined and amplified electromagnetic fields when excited at an on-resonance condition, while no field enhancement occurs when the same photonic crystal is illuminated in an off-resonance state. By mapping the fluorescence enhancement factor for fluorophore-tagged cellular components between on- and off-resonance states and comparing the results to numerical calculations, the vertical distance of labelled cellular components from the photonic crystal substrate can be estimated, providing critical and quantitative information regarding the spatial distribution of the specific components of cells attaching to a surface. As an initial demonstration of the concept, 3T3 fibroblast cells were grown on fibronectin-coated photonic crystals with fluorophore-labelled plasma membrane or nucleus. We demonstrate that PCEF microscopy is capable of providing information about the spatial distribution of cell–surface interactions at the single-cell level that is not available from other existing forms of microscopy, and that the approach is amenable to large fields of view, without the need for coupling prisms, coupling fluids, or special microscope objectives.
Systemic Proteoglycan Deposition Is Not a Characteristic of Equine Degenerative Suspensory Ligament Desmitis (DSLD)

Abstract Recently Degenerative Suspensory Ligament Desmitis (DSLD) has been proposed to be a disease characterized by systemic deposition of proteoglycan (PG) in connective tissues. To investigate this hypothesis, 6 clinically affected Peruvian Paso horses were compared to 2 unaffected quarterhorses and one unaffected standardbred. Histological sections of limb ligaments and tendons, nuchal ligaments, aortas, hearts, eyes, visceral organs and brains from both groups were stained with H&E as well as special stains for PG. Safranin-O stained sections were found to be optimal for elucidating the presence of PG. Although lesions characteristic of DSLD were present in suspensory ligaments of each clinically affected horse, including foci of chondroid metaplasia with abundant PG, a similar but less pronounced pattern of PG deposition was present in control horses. In contrast to findings of the previous study, PG deposition was not unique to DSLD horses, and PG deposition in aortas and nuchal ligaments of some control horses exceeded levels of PG present in similar tissue of DSLD horses. Furthermore, the “vascular lesion” described in the media of arteries as cellular separation and intercellular amorphous matrix deposition was within the spectrum of changes recognized in both affected and unaffected horses. We found no evidence that DSLD is a systemic PG deposition disease.
Implicit Social Cognitions Predict Sex Differences in Math Engagement and Achievement

Gender stereotypes about math and science do not need to be endorsed, or even available to conscious introspection, to contribute to the sex gap in engagement and achievement in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). The authors examined implicit math attitudes and stereotypes among a heterogeneous sample of 5,139 participants. Women showed stronger implicit negativity toward math than men did and equally strong implicit gender stereotypes. For women, stronger implicit math=male stereotypes predicted greater negativity toward math, less participation, weaker self-ascribed ability, and worse math achievement; for men, those relations were weakly in the opposite direction. Implicit stereotypes had greater predictive validity than explicit stereotypes. Female STEM majors, especially those with a graduate degree, held weaker implicit math=male stereotypes and more positive implicit math attitudes than other women. Implicit measures will be a valuable tool for education research and help acc...
The statistical dependence of oxide failure rates on V/sub dd/ and t/sub ox/ variations, with applications to process design, circuit design, and end use

We describe here a new methodology which demonstrates the power of understanding the statistical dependence of the average failure rate (AFR) from dielectric wearout on statistical variations of the oxide electric field (E/sub ox/) arising from statistical variations of the power supply voltage (V/sub dd/) and oxide thickness (t/sub ox/). It has quantitative applications to process flow design, manufacturing, circuit design, and end use. For process flow designers, it allows about 4 /spl Aring/ thinner gate oxide for the 1.8 V example technology studied here, compared to a simpler worst-case corner approach at maximum power supply voltage V/sub dd/ and minimum t/sub ox/. This reduction in oxide thickness enables improved device and circuit performance. For manufacturing, it also shows that tighter control of oxide thickness would be unwarranted for the specific example given here. For circuit designers, it allows transient overshoot voltages which can be about 10% higher than those based on a worst-case corner field. For end users pushing the performance envelope, it provides understanding of the trade-offs between reliability and power supply parameters.
Evaluation of a peer-led hypertension intervention for veterans: impact on peer leaders

Volunteer peer leaders (PLs) benefit from their involvement in health interventions but we know little about how they compare with other non-PL volunteers or with the intervention recipients themselves. We randomized 58 veterans' service organizations' posts (e.g. VFW) to peer- versus professionally led self-management support interventions. Our primary research questions were whether hypertensive PLs changed over the course of the project, whether they changed more than hypertensive volunteers who were not randomized to such a role [i.e. post representatives (PRs)] and whether they changed more than the intervention recipients with respect to health knowledge, health beliefs and health outcomes from baseline to 12 months. After the intervention, PLs provided open-ended feedback and participated in focus groups designed to explore intervention impact. Hypertensive PLs improved their systolic blood pressure and hypertension knowledge and increased their fruit/vegetable intake and pedometer use. We found no differences between PLs and PRs. PLs improved knowledge and increased fruit/vegetable intake more than intervention recipients did; they provided specific examples of personal health behavior change and knowledge acquisition. Individuals who volunteer to be peer health leaders are likely to receive important benefits even if they do not actually take on such a role.
Control of Markov decision processes from PCTL specifications

We address the problem of controlling a Markov Decision Process (MDP) such that the probability of satisfying a temporal logic specification over a set of properties associated to its states is maximized. We focus on specifications given as formulas of Probabilistic Computation Tree Logic (PCTL) and show that controllers can be synthesized by adapting existing PCTL model checking algorithms. We illustrate the approach by applying it to the automatic deployment of a mobile robot in an indoor-like environment with respect to a PCTL specification.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Dementia: is there a link?

The prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) increases with age. Since dementia is also considered a disease of aging, the question arises as to whether there is a link between these two disorders. Does co-morbid OSAS cause further worsening of cognitive functioning and would its treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) improve these neurocognitive deficits? In a recent, prospective study of 298 women without dementia, with a mean age of 82.3 years, women with sleep-disordered breathing (as defined in this study by an apnea-hypopnea index, i.e., AHI, of 15 or more events per hour of sleep) were found to have an increased risk of developing cognitive impairment as compared to women who had no sleep-disordered breathing [1]. Another cross-sectional study of 448 community dwelling women with a mean age of 82.8 years, found a significant association between objectively measured sleep-disordered breathing by polysomnography and cognitive impairment. In addition, the association between AHI and the Mini-Mental State Examination score was much greater in carriers of Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 (ApoE4) allele [2]. ApoE4 allele has been linked in prior studies to a higher risk of developing OSAS as well as early-onset Alzheimer’s dementia.
Iontophoresis of Lidocaine for Anesthesia during Pulsed Dye Laser Treatment of Port-Wine Stains

Port-wine stains may be effectively ablated using the pulsed dye laser emitting at a wavelength of 577 or 585 nm. However, the discomfort of this therapy may be severe enough to require reduction of treatment duration thereby increasing the need for repeat sessions. Currently available methods of anesthesia or sedation for pulsed dye laser therapy have drawbacks to their use. We performed a prospective double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of the iontophoresis of lidocaine HCl 4% and lidocaine HCl 4% with epinephrine 1:50,000 for local anesthesia during pulsed dye laser ablation of port-wine stains. Eleven patients with port-wine stains completed the initial phase of the study. Pain scale evaluation by patients demonstrated significant decreases in the discomfort of pulsed dye laser impulses by the iontophoresis of lidocaine HCl 4% and lidocaine HCl 4% with epinephrine 1:50,000 (P < .0001), with no significant difference between these treatments. Follow-up evaluation suggests that iontophoresis has no detrimental effect on pulsed dye laser ablation of port-wine stains, despite significant decreases in perfusion, as measured by laser Doppler velocimetry, of port-wine stain areas receiving iontophoresis of lidocaine with epinephrine. Iontophoresis of lidocaine HCl 4% with or without epinephrine is a safe and effective method of local anesthesia for pulsed dye laser therapy.
The Business Entrepreneur in a Changing Colonial Economy, 1763–1795

To study the role of the entrepreneur is to study the personal factor in economic history, to introduce the problem of what today is called the businessman. Unfortunately, or fortunately as the case may be, the expression “businessmap” was apparently not used in late colonial times, although “going into business” or “going into merchandising” was. The distinction is important; the colonial economy was far too general, and its participants too many-sided, to permit the assumption that there was a colonial man of business in the modern business sense.
Toward automated discovery in the biological sciences

Knowledge discovery programs in the biological sciences require flexibility in the use of symbolic data and semantic information. Because of the volume of nonnumeric, as well as numeric, data, the programs must be able to explore a large space of possibly interesting relationships to discover those that are novel and interesting. Thus, the framework for the discovery program must facilitate proposing and selecting the next task to perform and performing the selected tasks. The framework we describe, called the agenda- and justification-based framework, has several properties that are desirable in semiautonomous discovery systems: It provides a mechanism for estimating the plausibility of tasks, it uses heuristics to propose and perform tasks, and it facilitates the encoding of general discovery strategies and the use of background knowledge. We have implemented the framework and our heuristics in a prototype program, HAMB, and have evaluated them in the domain of protein crystallization. Our results demonstrate that both reasons given for performing tasks and estimates of the interestingness of the concepts and hypotheses examined by HAMS contribute to its performance and that the program can discover novel, interesting relationships in biological data.
Equitable regulation of private forests

The sustainability of forested ecosystems often requires cross-boundary management at large spatial scales. This can be challenging, however, in landscapes where forests are primarily under small-scale, private ownership. Consequently, in many areas of the world private forest practices are governmentally regulated to promote more consistent cross-boundary outcomes and better protection of large-scale ecological integrity. In this qualitative, ‘grounded theory’ study, 109 stakeholders throughout the State of Washington, USA were interviewed to learn their perspectives about processes and effects of private forest regulation. The State of Washington is widely recognized for its long-established and comprehensive forest regulatory policies and thus provides an excellent study area for this topic. Interviewees included private forest owners, forest policy advisors, regulatory agency employees, and representatives from forest ownership organizations, forest industry trade groups, and environmental organizations. The study revealed an important and often poorly recognized outcome of private forest regulatory policy: regulation rarely affects all private forest owners similarly. Instead, the burdens and advantages of regulation tend to be unevenly distributed within this key stakeholder group. The study identified three phenomena producing these inequitable outcomes: natural landscape variability, oversights in policy design, and disparate interests and goals among forest owners. This paper analyzes these causes, identifies solution pathways, and discusses implications for policy-makers.
Technical note: Some structural results on acyclic supply chains

We consider acyclic supply chains under the full backorder assumption and reveal several simple yet unique properties. Most interestingly, we identify conditions for the best dedicated stocking policy to outperform the best shared stocking policy, and for an acyclic supply chain to be decomposable into a simpler network (e.g., tree). We specify ways to decompose them. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010
Anisotropic elastic materials that have one or two sheets of spherical slowness surface

It is shown that certain anisotropic elastic materials can have one or two sheets of spherical slowness surface. The waves associated with a spherical slowness sheet can be longitudinal, transverse...
Clinical trials in cancer.

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in cancer are expensive, slow, and often preclude other exploratory investigations that might be valuable. Two types of RCTs should not be conducted. When the results of exploratory studies are so dramatically different from all prior experience, RCTs should be done to improve upon the new finding but not to allocate some patients to inferior control arms to see enough contemporaneous failures to "prove" the superiority. The other preclusion are RCTs that aim for so small or unimportant a likely benefit that the outcome will not be worth the effort. A study not worth doing is not worth doing well. RCTs in cancer are best used to establish moderate differences, suggested by exploratory trials, that have a real chance of advancing the field. If the entry criteria and end points are sufficiently explicit, e.g., biopsy proof of cancer and death, observer bias will not be a major factor.
Influence of harvest residues and vegetation on microsite soil and air temperatures in a young conifer plantation

Abstract Soil temperature influences many processes in young forest stands including growth and phenology of trees, water uptake, and nutrient mineralization. Effects of harvest residue management and other site preparation techniques on soil and air temperatures have previously been reported at the treatment level, but there is little information on temperature patterns in the various microsites created by these treatments. This study examines the effects of bole-only harvesting with and without vegetation control (BO + VC; BO − VC) and total-tree harvesting plus removal of legacy woody debris with vegetation control (TTP + VC) on microsite temperature in a young Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) plantation. Hourly soil temperatures were recorded at a 10-cm mineral soil depth for 5 years post-planting, and near-ground (25 cm) air temperatures were recorded for 1 year. In the TTP + VC treatment, mean soil temperature and diurnal range in soil temperature during the growing season differed by microsite surface condition in the following sequence: exposed mineral soil > intact forest floor > decaying wood over soil > shade of stumps. In the BO treatments, soil temperature differences among microsites were smaller, and only the stump-shade microsite differed significantly from the others. Near-ground air temperature did not differ by microsite. A sine-wave model showed that diurnal warming of soil beneath decaying wood occurred more slowly than for other microsites. Total annual soil degree-day accumulation was 25–37% greater in the TTP + VC treatment than in the BO + VC treatment; the greatest difference occurred in the year with the warmest spring air temperature. Vegetation control treatments had little effect on soil temperature in the BO harvest treatment. The reduced microsite variability and diurnal fluctuation in soil temperature in the BO harvest treatment may be beneficial where summer temperature extremes are a concern. Alternatively, the warmer spring and early summer soil temperatures of the TTP harvest treatment may be advantageous for early seedling development.
Idempotent work stealing

Load balancing is a technique which allows efficient parallelization of irregular workloads, and a key component of many applications and parallelizing runtimes. Work-stealing is a popular technique for implementing load balancing, where each parallel thread maintains its own work set of items and occasionally steals items from the sets of other threads.The conventional semantics of work stealing guarantee that each inserted task is eventually extracted exactly once. However, correctness of a wide class of applications allows for relaxed semantics, because either: i) the application already explicitly checks that no work is repeated or ii) the application can tolerate repeated work.In this paper, we introduce idempotent work tealing, and present several new algorithms that exploit the relaxed semantics to deliver better performance. The semantics of the new algorithms guarantee that each inserted task is eventually extracted at least once-instead of exactly once.On mainstream processors, algorithms for conventional work stealing require special atomic instructions or store-load memory ordering fence instructions in the owner's critical path operations. In general, these instructions are substantially slower than regular memory access instructions. By exploiting the relaxed semantics, our algorithms avoid these instructions in the owner's operations.We evaluated our algorithms using common graph problems and micro-benchmarks and compared them to well-known conventional work stealing algorithms, the THE Cilk and Chase-Lev algorithms. We found that our best algorithm (with LIFO extraction) outperforms existing algorithms in nearly all cases, and often by significant margins.
Earthquake Locations in the Inner Continental Borderland, Offshore Southern California

The inner Continental Borderland region, offshore southern California, is tectonically active and contains several faults that are potential seismic hazards to nearby cities. However, fault geometries in this complex region are often poorly constrained due to a lack of surface observations and uncertainties in earthquake locations and focal mechanisms. To improve the accuracy of event locations in this area, we apply new location methods to 4312 offshore seismic events that occurred between 1981 and 1997 in seven different regions within the Borderland. The regions are defined by either temporal or spatial clustering of seismic activity in the Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN) catalog. Obtaining accurate locations for these events is difficult, due to the lack of nearby stations, the limited azimuthal coverage, and uncertainties in the velocity structure for this area. Our location procedure is based on the L-1 norm, grid search, waveform cross-correlation method of Shearer (1997), except that we use a nearest neighbor approach (Astiz et al., 2000) to identify suitable event pairs for waveform cross-correlation and we explore the effect of different velocity models on the locations and associated station terms. In general, our relocated events have small estimated relative location errors and the events are more clustered than the SCSN catalog locations. A quarry on the south tip of Catalina Island provides a test of our location accuracy and suggests that, under ideal conditions, offshore events can be located to within 1 to 2 km of their true locations. Our final locations for most clusters are well correlated with known local tectonic features. We relate the 1981 Santa Barbara Island ( M L = 5.3) earthquake with the Santa Cruz fault, the 13 July 1986 Oceanside ( M L = 5.3) sequence with the San Diego Trough fault zone, and events near San Clemente Island with the known trace of the San Clemente fault zone. Over 3000 of the offshore events during this time period are associated with the 1986 Oceanside earthquake and its extended aftershock sequence. Our locations define a northeast-dipping fault plane for the Oceanside sequence, but in cross-section the events are scattered over a broad zone (about 4-km thick). This could either be an expression of fault complexity or location errors due to unaccounted for variations in the velocity structure. Events that occur near Coronado Bank in the SCSN catalog are relocated closer to the San Diego coast and suggest a shallow-angle, northeast-dipping fault plane at 10 to 15 km depth. Manuscript received 12 February 1999.
Moving toward evidence-based practice.

“Evidence-based practice” involves applying the best available evidence to the care of individuals. Explicit, systematic methods have developed for determining what is the best available evidence. However, often even the highest-level evidence is not thoroughly or effectively used in practice, even if it is widely known. We must rigorously and critically analyze study results to understand their strengths, limitations, and generalizability, and bear in mind that our knowledge will evolve and thereby change our practice. The clinical question is not always how to apply the evidence but whether the available evidence applies to a particular patient. We should always ask whether the right provider is doing the right thing for the right patient at the right time in the right setting with the right resources.
Health Information Technology Risks, Errors, External Threats, and Human Complacency

It may seem that our position is one of unwavering support for all things health information technology (HIT). However, we like to believe that we are cautious and deliberate in our evaluation of HIT. This month, we explore some of the common overt and covert challenges to optimal use of HIT.
Management of Weight Loss in Older Persons

The causes of significant weight loss in older persons are: (1) anorexia/starvation, (2) sarcopenia, (3) cachexia, and (4) dehydration. Thus, the first step in management of weight loss is to make the diagnosis. Depression, which is the most common cause of weight loss in older persons [1, 2], can be treated with antidepressants, which can also reverse weight loss, but monoamine oxidase inhibitors and mirtazapine (Remeron) appear to have specific orexigenic effects. The management of cachexia in older persons is extraordinarily complex, and involves both treatment of the underlying disease and specific nutritional therapy. Similarly, severe anorexia, often due to cytokine excess,must be treated.
Assessing Strength of Evidence of Appropriate Use Criteria for Diagnostic Imaging Examinations.

Objective For health information technology tools to fully inform evidence-based decisions, recommendations must be reliably assessed for quality and strength of evidence. We aimed to create an annotation framework for grading recommendations regarding appropriate use of diagnostic imaging examinations. Methods The annotation framework was created by an expert panel (clinicians in three medical specialties, medical librarians, and biomedical scientists) who developed a process for achieving consensus in assessing recommendations, and evaluated by measuring agreement in grading the strength of evidence for 120 empirically selected recommendations using the Oxford Levels of Evidence. Results Eighty-two percent of recommendations were assigned to Level 5 (expert opinion). Inter-annotator agreement was 0.70 on initial grading (κ = 0.35, 95% CI, 0.23-0.48). After systematic discussion utilizing the annotation framework, agreement increased significantly to 0.97 (κ = 0.88, 95% CI, 0.77-0.99). Conclusions A novel annotation framework was effective for grading the strength of evidence supporting appropriate use criteria for diagnostic imaging exams.
Abstract 308: Ischemic Stroke and the Weekend Effect: A Population-Based Study

Objective: We assessed in-hospital mortality and utilization of invasive procedures following ischemic stork admissions on the weekend versus weekdays in the United States. Background: stroke is a common condition requiring urgent diagnosis and intervention. Previous smaller studies show poor outcomes for time-sensitive medical conditions during weekend admissions, however whether these associations persist is not known. Methods: We used the 2009 Nationwide Inpatient Sample to examine differences in all-cause in-hospital mortality between weekend versus weekday admitted patients with a principal diagnosis of ischemic stroke. Hierarchical analysis was used to identify if weekend admission was associated with decreased utilization of procedural intervention and increased subsequent complications as well. Results: We identified 561,960stroke admissions of which 20.63% were weekend admissions. Adjusted mortality for the weekend admitted cohort was higher for weekend admissions [Odds Ratio (OR), 1.26; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.17-1.37] and patients were significantly less likely to receive Endarterectomy or Thrombolytic therapy on their first day of admission [OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.60-0.64]. Further, for stoke patients admitted during the weekend who underwent procedural interventions, in-hospital mortality and complications were higher as compared to patients undergoing the same procedures on weekdays. Conclusion: For stroke patients, weekend admission is associated with higher mortality and lower utilization of invasive procedures, and those who did undergo these interventions had higher rates of mortality and complications than their weekday counterparts. This is likely due to several factors and we speculate that access to diagnostic and interventional procedures maybe contingent on decreased staff and lower weekend coverage that may impact regular workflow.
Flexural instabilities of elastic rods

In the framework of Antman's theory of elastic rods, it is shown that the behavior of a rod subject to end couples is ruled by a non-linear ordinary differential equation whose solutions describe the instability phenomena observed in severe bending tests of tubes, such as ovalization and necking of the cross section.
Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine Wake Sensitivity to Different Blade Load Distributions

Two different wind turbine blade designs are proposed and modeled using a free-wake, vortex lattice method, the Code for Axial and Crossflow TUrbine Simulation, CACTUS. The two designs have the same thrust coefficient as predicted by blade element momentum theory but different distributed loads across the span of the blade. In this way, the sensitivity of the wake structure due to spatial loading differences was investigated, all while keeping the integrated total drag force constant between the two designs. The first blade, design A, maximized power coefficient at a tip speed ratio of 9. The second blade, design B, increased induction over the inner 75% of the blade span, and unloaded the outer 25%. The wake of design B showed faster recovery of freestream momentum, over 10 rotor radii sooner than design A in uniform inflow.
Differential recruitment of co-regulatory proteins to the human estrogen receptor 1 in response to xenoestrogens

The diverse biological effects of xenoestrogens may be explained by their ability to differentially recruit co-regulatory proteins to the estrogen receptor (ER). We employed high-throughput receptor affinity binding and co-regulatory protein recruitment screening assays based on fluorescence polarization and time resolved florescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET), respectively, to assess xenoestrogen-specific binding and co-regulatory protein recruitment to the ER. Then we used a functional proteomic assay based on co-immunoprecipitation of ER-bound proteins to isolate and identify intact co-regulatory proteins recruited to a ligand-activated ER. Through these approaches, we revealed differential binding affinity of bisphenol-A (BPA) and genistein (GEN) to the human ERα (ESR1) and ligand-dependent recruitment of SRC-1 and SRC-3 peptides. Recruitment profiles were variable for each ligand and in some cases were distinct compared to 17β-estradiol (E2). For example, E2 and GEN recruited both SRC-1 and -3 peptides whereas BPA recruited only SRC-1 peptides. Results of the functional proteomic assay showed differential recruitment between ligands where E2 recruited the greatest number of proteins followed by BPA then GEN. A number of proteins share previously identified relationships with ESR1 as determined by STRING analysis. Although there was limited overlap in proteins identified between treatments, all ligands recruited proteins involved in cell growth as determined by subnetwork enrichment analysis (p<0.05). A comparative, in silico analysis revealed that fewer interactions exist between zebrafish (Danio rerio) esr1 and zebrafish orthologs of proteins identified in our functional proteomic analysis. Taken together these results identify recruitment of known and previously unknown co-regulatory proteins to ESR1 and highlight new methods to assay recruitment of low abundant and intact, endogenous co-regulatory proteins to ESR1 or other nuclear receptors, in both human and aquatic species.
Study on Digital Recording System Based on Streaming Media Technology

Power dispatching and communication network need to meet the requirements of dispatching voice service,administration voice service,video service as well as data services.This paper introduces the current status of the digital recording system,describes the technical characteristics of streaming media,analyses two types of compression technologies-MPEG-4 and H.264 in streaming media,and introduces the theory of compression codec.The application of streaming media technology in digital recording system is also discussed in the paper.
Effect of Heat Clearing-Detoxication Therapy Combined with Montmorillonite Powder on C-Reactive Protein of Children with Infectious Diarrhea

Objective To explore the effect of heat clearing-detoxication therapy combined with montmorillonite powder on C-reactive protein(CRP) in children with infectious diarrhea. Methods A total of 150 outpatients and inpatients suffered from infectious diarrhea were enrolled randomly.Among them,there were 86 cases of boys and 64 cases of girls,aged 6 mouths to 5 years old.Viral enteritis was found in 66 cases,including 36 boys and 30 girls;bacterial enteritis was found in 84 cases,including 50 boys and 34 girls.The CRP level before treatment was tested.Children were divided into treatment 1 group,treatment 2 group and control group randomly.Retention enema of heat clearing-detoxication therapy was given in treatment 1 group,once a day for 5 days;retention enema of heat clearing-detoxication therapy combined with montmorillonite powder was given in treatment 2 group for 5 days,and the dosage was in accordance with instruction book;only montmorillonite powder was given in the control group.The changes of CRP at the end of 3 days and 5 days posttreatment were tested,and followed up until 15 days. Results Before treatment,CRP of children with bacterial enteritis was higher than that of children with viral enteritis markedly,and the difference was significant(P0.01).The CRP levels in treatment 1 group,treatment 2 group,and control group had no difference(P0.05).At the end of 3 days and 5 days after treatment,CRP in each group reduced significantly compared with that before treatment(Pa0.01),but the CRP level in treatment 2 group was significantly higher than that in treatment 1 group and control group(P0.01,0.05). Conclusions CRP test is helpful to identify bacterial enteritis and viral enteritis.Heat clearing-detoxication therapy combined with montmorillonite powder is a good way in reducing CRP of children with infectious diarrhea.This therapy is worthy to be recommended.
Immunologic Reconstitution: The Achievement and Its Meaning

Sex-linked lymphopenic immunologic deficiency has in the past been invariably fatal. The use of bone marrow transplantation appears to have effected the first known cure of this genetically determined disorder. Perhaps more significantly, the methods used and the lessons learned open a new and intriguing approach to management by cellular therapy of a wide range of “molecular” diseases.
G100(P) Headaches referred to paediatric neurology: How much of a headache is this?

Aims Headaches in childhood are commonly referred to paediatric neurology, necessitating the use of tertiary resources. In most of these situations, simple advice by primary or secondary care practitioners may be all that is needed. The aim of our study is to review the referrals of childhood headache to paediatric neurology services in a tertiary unit in United Kingdom. Methods We analysed 60 referrals to two paediatric neurologists at a tertiary hospital over a span of one year by reviewing clinic letters filed on the local hospital network. Our inclusion criteria were all children under the age of sixteen years who were referred with headache as the primary presenting complaint. Those with a previous or pre-existing diagnosis already explaining their headache were excluded from our study. Results Majority of the referrals (87%) were from general practitioners, with the remaining from secondary paediatrics. Interestingly, 8% were not on any analgesia at the time of their first paediatric neurology appointment. About two thirds of referral letters suggested brain imaging as one of the reasons for referral, mainly to exclude a space occupying lesion. After assessment, only 18% of children underwent brain MRI and in all these cases, no secondary cause to explain their headache was detected. Primary headache was therefore the final diagnosis made in all cases. Of these, majority of children had a psychosocial trigger for their headaches. Of those diagnosed with migraine, prophylaxis was commenced in 86% of cases after the first consultation. Advice and reassurance were provided to the remaining children seen, with no further investigations carried out. Conclusions In summary, majority of cases referred to tertiary services can probably be dealt with at a primary or secondary level. We believe that better education and improved awareness amongst practitioners at this level will help in the overall management of childhood headaches in the UK.
Empathy as Related to Personal Qualities, Career Choice, Acquisition of Knowledge, and Clinical Competence

The link between empathy, personality, selected psychosocial variables, career choice, specialty interest, clinical competence, and patient outcomes is described. Empirical research suggests that empathy correlates positively with prosocial and altruistic behaviors and with a number of desirable personal qualities that are conducive to relationship building, including sociability, social skills, likeability, flexibility, tolerance, emotional intelligence, moral judgment, sense of humor, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness to experiences, positive social influence, personal accomplishment, teamwork, and interprofessional collaboration. A number of undesirable personal attributes that are detrimental to positive interpersonal relationships correlate negatively with empathy, including aggression, hostility, externalization, antisocial behaviors, depersonalization, depression, anxiety, conduct disorders, neurotic or psychotic disturbances, lying, stealing, physical abuse, and dogmatism. Also, linked to empathy are factors such as satisfaction with early maternal relationships, selection of a career in medicine for humanistic reasons, and attention to psychosocial issues in medicine. Empirical findings suggest that scores on empathy are associated with indicators of clinical competence, and career choice. Health professions students and practitioners who choose the so-called people-oriented specialties are more likely to obtain higher average scores on empathy than those interested in the “procedure- or technology-oriented” specialties.
“It’s Better to Not Make a Big Deal”

Teacher resistance, teacher accommodation, and teacher conformism informed instructional strategies that Mr. Jenkins used to prevent suspension. Mr. Jenkins’s instructional strategies were impacted by his resistance to dominant PBS ideology, accommodation of system constraints related to classroom disruptions and PBS, and conformism to the dominant ideology of teaching and learning culinary arts.
Precipitation SELEX: identification of DNA aptamers for calcium phosphate materials synthesis

DNA aptamers that enhance calcium phosphate mineral formation were identified using a novel precipitation SELEX method. The evolved DNA library was substantially enriched in G nucleotides and in predicted G-quadruplex structures, suggesting their importance in the mechanism of mineralization. This work could readily be extended to provide additional novel DNA aptamers for materials synthesis.
Using ‘Public Health Crossings’ to Create Community-Based Rural Healthcare in Mexico: The Case of Two Health Centres in Xochimilco

Health centres established in Xochimilco, Mexico during the 1930s and 1940s represent a larger shift in the national health agenda from training medical students in rural health to addressing the specific health challenges of rural communities. While the 1935 centre offered urban students practical experience in rural environments, it did not adequately address the area's health problems. In contrast, the 1947 centre utilised improved community exchanges to enhance the region's health and sanitation. This decade of transformation resulted from a network of politicians, international organisations, and health professionals who helped to establish broader community-based public health programmes in rural Mexico.
The Introduction of a Preoperative MRI Protocol Significantly Reduces Unplanned Return to the Operating Room in the Treatment of Pediatric Osteoarticular Infections.

BACKGROUND Pediatric osteoarticular infection can cause severe morbidity. Some infectious loci may be difficult to identify clinically, and there may be more than one. There is little agreement regarding the appropriate use of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in this setting. After noting an unacceptably high rate of unplanned returns to the operating room for recurrent infection, clinicians at a tertiary care children's hospital noticed many patients had adjacent foci of infection on postoperative MRI. As a result, patients experienced prolonged treatment courses and multiple surgeries. An interdisciplinary team instituted practice guidelines whereby all patients with suspected osteoarticular infection underwent MRI for planned debridement during a reserved morning slot with a surgical suite on hold to proceed directly to surgery if indicated. Images were reviewed in real time to form the surgical plan. Young patients that required sedation for MRI were taken to surgery under the same anesthetic used for MRI without being awakened. The purpose of our retrospective study is to determine if implementing the practice guidelines for acute management of osteoarticular infection reduced unplanned returns to the operating room. METHODS A total of 93 patients with osteoarticular infection were included in this study. A total of 40 cases, group A, were treated before implementing practice guidelines; 53 cases, group B, were treated after implementing practice guidelines. Our primary outcomes of interest were the identification of adjacent infections prior to surgery and need for repeat surgery, either planned or unplanned. RESULTS Implementation of these guidelines reduced repeat surgery from 50% of patients to <27% (P=0.0099). Of patients requiring repeat surgery, 85% (n=17) were unplanned in group A versus 60% (n=9) in group B (P=0.0099). Adjacent infections were identified in 47.5% (n=19) of patients in group A, versus 60% (n=32) in group B. Adjacent infections were known before surgery in 32% (n=6) of patients in group A versus 72% (n=23) in group B. There were no statistically significant differences in initial patient characteristics or sites of infection. CONCLUSIONS Implementing these guidelines reduced the need for repeat surgery in this population. It is difficult to predict with sufficient accuracy which patients need preoperative MRI. While resource intensive, preoperative MRI appears to offer substantial benefit in preoperative planning.
The microcomputer and basic peripheral equipment.

SUMMARY This article has presented the basic information needed for setting up a microcomputer work station. The four basic components are the central processing unit (CPU), the monitor (CRT), the keyboard, and the disk drive. A brief overview of how the microcomputer works was presented, including the concepts of random-access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). The use of peripheral devices to enhance the operating capabilities of the microcomputer has allowed this technology to become practical and useful both at home and in business and research. Special furniture is available to assure a comfortable and practical environment. Perhaps one of the most important concepts presented in this article is the necessity of backing up data on a regular basis. Finally, computer equipment must be cleaned and maintained on a regular basis.
Block-Size Independence for GPU Programs

Optimizing GPU programs by tuning execution parameters is essential to realizing the full performance potential of GPU hardware. However, many of these optimizations do not ensure correctness and subtle errors can enter while optimizing a GPU program. Further, lack of formal models and the presence of non-trivial transformations prevent verification of optimizations.