cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Complex posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults receiving public sector outpatient substance abuse disorder treatment

Adults with substance use disorders (SUD) often have experienced multiple psychological traumas and suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD impairments (e.g., dissociation, affect dysregulation). Among adult addiction treatment outpatients with self-reported trauma histories, 50% had PTSD alone, 41% had comorbid PTSD and complex PTSD, and 4% had complex PTSD alone. Compared to PTSD alone, comorbid PTSD/complex PTSD was associated with a history of childhood sexual trauma, sexual retraumatization in adulthood, and more severe PTSD and depression symptoms. Patients with alcohol-related SUDs were at increased risk for PTSD, while those with cocaine or opiate SUDs had a reduced risk of comorbid PTSD/complex PTSD. Gender and ethnicity were unrelated to PTSD or complex PTSD except that women were at lower risk than men for PTSD alone. Complex PTSD may warrant clinical and research evaluation, particularly for patients with histories of childhood sexual trauma and retraumatization.
Indium as a central metal enhances the photosensitizing efficacy of benzoporphyrin derivatives.

Compared to benzoporphyrin derivative-dimethyl ester (BPD-DME) and its 8-(1′-hexyloxy)ethyl analog the corresponding In(III) complexes showed enhanced in vitro photosensitizing efficacy in Colon26 tumor cells, which could be due to their higher singlet oxygen producing ability. In both organic (methanol) and aqueous Bovine Calf Serum (17% BCS) solutions the metalated analogs were significantly more stable than the parent photosensitizers. Presence of Indium as a central metal gave 13–25 nm hypsochromic shift to the long wavelength absorption band with reduced absorption and fluorescence intensity. The insertion of metal did not produce any difference in intracellular localization of the photosensitizers and were mainly localized in mitochondria.
Legal Codes and Contemporary Fatawa: Muslim Women and Contesting Paradigms

In this paper we wish to explore the legal notion of the family in contemporary legal codes and fatwa literature, and how it differs from legal stipulations regarding the nature and purpose of the marriage contract in the pre-modern Sunni fiqh. We are pursuing this brief comparative study by focusing on the issue of tahlil marriage as a legal construct that all of the four classical Sunni madhahib (law schools) did embrace, even though at least one of them tried to restrict its validity. By contrast, its role in the modern family codes is that of an awkward relic of the past, and some modern muftis in their fatwas even attempt to get away from it altogether.
Flexural Response of Laminated Steel

Steel/polymer/steel laminate sheets, commonly known as laminated steel, received renewed interest recently for their superior noise damping properties in automotive applications. Earlier work in the literature indicates that the tensile properties of the laminated steel follow the prediction of the rule of mixtures. The flexural response of the laminated steel, however, depends on the type of the sandwich configuration. The flexural rigidity of the vibration-damping type of laminated steel is lower than the value calculated using beam theory. The finite element (FE) modeling techniques that might be suitable for a particular type of laminated steel are directly linked to how the flexural rigidity of the laminated steel conforms to the prediction using the beam theory. This paper examines the flexural response of the vibration-damping type of laminated steel through comparison of beam theory predictions with the experimental results for cantilever beam and three-point bending configurations. In addition, tensile and shear tests were conducted. The paper evaluates some FE modeling techniques in LS-DYNA for the analysis of laminated steel under flexural loading. The recommended modeling method was also examined for tensile loading.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Stimulus devaluation and extinction of chain schedule performance

Pigeons were trained on a two-component multiple schedule in which each separate component consisted of a three-link chain schedule. After initial baseline training, the stimuli correlated with the terminal links of each chain were presented in a successive discrimination, with one stimulus continuing to be associated with reinforcement while responses to the alternative stimulus were extinguished. Subjects were then returned to the original chain schedule, but with extinction in effect in both components of the multiple schedule. In two separate experiments, extinction of initial-link responding was not affected by which terminal link had been extinguished during the separate discrimination training, indicating that devaluation of the terminal link was not transmitted directly to the initial link of the chain. There was also no effect of the devaluation procedure during the first session of testing on responding in the middle link of the chain, but an effect did develop with continued extinction of the entire chain when the terminal components were presented during extinction. When the terminal components were omitted, however, the latter effect did not occur. Also, when the terminal link was omitted, extinction occurred more rapidly in the middle component than in the initial component, indicating a backward pattern of extinction.
What’s For Dinner? Continuing Education After the MLIS

This paper examines the current status of continuing education courses offered by American schools of Library and Information Science. Special emphasis is given to offerings for librarians working in collection development and acquisitions. Alternative mechanisms for delivering continuing education courses to the profession are discussed. A survey of 47 American schools reveals that only 8.9% of the 280 continuing education workshops fit the traditional definition of technical services. Suggestions are made as to how practitioners and educators can increase the continuing education offerings available for technical services, collection development, and acquisitions librarians.
The Gang–Victimization Link: Considering the Effects of Ethnicity and Protective Behaviors Among Prison Inmates

The present study examines gang membership differences in protective behaviors, moderating effects of ethnicity and victimization on the relation between gang membership and protective behaviors, and moderating effects of ethnicity and protective behaviors on the relation between gang membership and victimization. Using a sample of gang and non-gang prison inmates, results indicate that gang members were more likely to carry a gun and have someone with them for protection when compared to non-gang members. Ethnicity and total victimization history moderated the impact of gang membership on use of protective behaviors.
Studies on the incorporation of γ-glutamyl residues into collagen I. Some evidence for post-ribosomal appearance of γ-glutamyl linkages

Abstract Collagen fractions were prepared from chick embryos and sponge capsular tissues which had been incubated with either [1- 14 C]- or [5- 14 C]glutamic acid. The occurrence of γ-glutamyl peptide linkages in the fractions was investigated by chemical methods as well as by complementary radioisotope techniques. The ‘older’ extracellular collagens were all found to contain 9–12 γ-glutamyl residues per 1000 total amino acid residues. Studies on protein fractions containing intracellular collagen polypeptides including ribosomal fractions suggest that the linkages appear after ribosomal polypeptide synthesis.
Structure-activity relationship of alkanols as mosquito larvicides with novel findings regarding their mode of action.

Abstract Primary alcohols, from methanol to eicosanol, were applied to water for control of larval stage mosquitoes. By applying the alkanols as soluble solutions rather than as insoluble monolayers, and by trapping larvae under glass in assays that isolated them from the surface phenomena believed to be responsible for death by suffocation, we have shown that the action of alkanols against mosquito larvae is biochemical in nature, not just physical. Primary alcohols are known to act as general anesthetics, with increasing potency correlated to increasing chain length until a point of cutoff is reached, usually at dodecanol (C12), after which activity disappears entirely. In mosquitoes, we found that activity levels off after undecanol (C11) but does not disappear until after pentadecanol (C15), that it is reversible, and that chain length plays a role not only in potency, but also in the time needed to manifest toxic effects. We used sonication, a surfactant, temperature, and the introduction of double bonds to manipulate activity around the cutoff, suggesting that it is at least partially a function of solubility. Mosquitoes appear to be the first animal for which cutoff has been demonstrated to occur at a chain length beyond C12, offering new insights into the molecular basis of anesthetic cutoff and suggesting the possibility that alkanols might be used for selective pest control. Alkanols are stable, colorless, inexpensive, biodegradable and essentially non-toxic to humans, making them promising candidates for pest management programs. ©
Coccidiosis: Selection of the most useful parameters for anticoccidial drug testing

Abstract For somewhat different reasons, pharmaceutical houses, governmental regulatory agencies, and poultry producers must pass judgment on new anticoccidial drugs. A diversified group of parameters and formulas for combining them have been developed to assist in making decisions. These formulas have been used for comparisons following laboratory floorpen and field experimentation. Final judgment will ultimately be based on field performance measured by financial savings provided to the poultry producer.
The correlation between myocardial function and cerebral hemodynamics in term infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

This study investigated the effect of myocardial dysfunction on the cerebral hemodynamics in term infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). We evaluated myocardial systolic and diastolic functional parameters and cerebral hemodynamic parameters in 40 term newborn infants with HIE and 30 healthy controls during the first 14 days of life using two-dimensional/pulsed Doppler ultrasound. The results showed that there were significant cerebral hemodynamic disturbances and cardiac dysfunction in neonates with HIE, and the more cardiac dysfunction the patients have, the more severe encephalopathy they would suffer. Therefore, it is important to preserve cardiac function and treat myocardial dysfunction in infants with HIE.
A dual-phase-lag diffusion model for predicting thin film growth

A dual-phase-lag diffusion (DPLD) model, which extends Fick's law by including two lagging times, j for the mass flux vector and for the density gradient, is developed to predict thin film growth. Depending upon the phase lag ratio / j , the DPLD model uniquely characterizes four types of growth kinetics as reported in the literature. The model validation with experimental data of silicon oxidation and Hg1-x Cdx Te film deposition demonstrates that the present model captures the anomalous behaviour of thin film growth from the very beginning of the process to relatively long times very well.
On Situating the Study of Genocide within Political Violence 1

This article identifies a particular challenge for comparative genocide studies, namely the underemphasis of investigation into the relationship between genocide and other forms of political violence and the ways in which they are related temporally and spatially. It advocates situating genocide studies within the broader domain of political violence research to explain not only the causes of genocide but general variation in violent outcomes. By systematically comparing genocides to nongenocides, we gain greater insights into the factors that result in large-scale, group-oriented destruction. The article also calls for greater disaggregation of analytical frameworks in comparative research, including the adoption of microanalytical perspectives to explain variation in the onset, dynamics, and abeyance of violence within cases. The past twenty years have seen impressive advances in the comparative study of the causes and patterns of genocide. Following World War II, most analyses of genocide focused on the Holocaust. These earlier works presented us with sophisticated understandings of the historical, ideological, and structural origins of anti-Semitism, Nazi policies, and the dynamics of mass violence that resulted in the genocide of Europe’s Jewish and Roma and Sinti populations. 2 In the years following 1945, however, there were few comparative studies of genocide, and most of those were largely ignored by social scientists. Beginning with a number of pioneering works in the 1980s, and continuing through the 1990s with the violence in Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia, scholars turned their attention to the methods of comparative assessment. This “second generation” of comparative work continues to produce important insights into the conditions, onset, and patterns of genocide. 3 Scholars have widened their interests to explore the relationships of imperialism and colonialism with modern genocide as well as the connections linking environmental degradation and resource scarcity to mass killing. 4 Some have called for a reinterpretation of Cold War state terror through the rubric of genocide. 5 And still other analysts are calling for a fundamental reframing of our basic
The effect of a 5-day space flight on the immature rat spine

Abstract Background context: Spaceflight has many reported effects upon the musculoskeletal system structure and function. This study was designed to determine the effect of a 5-day flight on the rat spine. Methods: In September 1991, 8 neonatal rats were flown aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia flight STS-48 during a 5-day mission. Upon return to earth, the spines were dissected, frozen and shipped to our laboratory. Matched ground-based rats were used as controls. The spines were radiographed and then slowly thawed. Individual vertebrae were subjected to compressive biomechanical testing using an Instron tester (Instron Corp, Canton, MA, USA) and then processed for determination of calcium and phosphorus content. The intervertebral discs were placed in physiological saline and the stress-relaxation characteristics measured. The discs were then lyophilized and assayed for collagen and proteoglycan content. Disc height on radiographs was measured by image analysis. Results: After space flight, the heights of the discs were found to be 150 to 200 microns greater, although the values were not statistically significant. There was no difference in the resiliency of the thoracic discs as determined by stress-relaxation. However, in the lumbar discs, space flight increased the resiliency (p Conclusions: These data suggest that even after a short 5-day flight, the spine begins to undergo biomechanical and biochemical changes. In addition, the weightless environment in space may provide a good model to study the effects of immobilization on earth.
Eye diagram evaluation in single mode fibers having polarization mode dispersion, polarization dependent loss and chromatic dispersion

We present analytical studies of output intensity fluctuations of systems having PMD, PDL and CD. Analytical expressions for autocorrelation functions are derived. Results applied to different modulation formats lead to analytical evaluations of eye diagrams.
Fidelity of a conditional quantum teleportation protocol based on imperfect detection of collective spontaneous emission

We employ quantum trajectory theory to model temporally resolved photodetection of collective emission from a pair of atoms to investigate the performance of a conditional quantum teleportation protocol. We include effects of imperfect photodetection.
Iterative Risk Allocation: A new approach to robust Model Predictive Control with a joint chance constraint

This paper proposes a novel two-stage optimization method for robust model predictive control (RMPC) with Gaussian disturbance and state estimation error. Since the disturbance is unbounded, it is impossible to achieve zero probability of violating constraints. Our goal is to optimize the expected value of an objective function while limiting the probability of violating any constraints over the planning horizon (joint chance constraint). Prior arts include ellipsoidal relaxation approach [1] and particle control [2], but the former yields very conservative result and the latter is computationally intensive. Our approach divide the optimization problem into two stages; the upper-stage that optimizes risk allocation, and the lower-stage that optimizes control sequence with tightened constraints. The lower-stage is a regular convex optimization, such as linear programming or quadratic programming. The upper-stage is also convex, but the objective function is not always differentiable. We developed a fast descent algorithm for the upper-stage called iterative risk allocation (IRA), which yield much smaller suboptimality than ellipsoidal relaxation method while achieving a substantial speedup compared to and particle control.
An adult patient with Klippel-Feil syndrome presenting for repeat operation: a cautionary tale of the GlideScope

The introduction of video laryngoscopes has increased the success of intubating the difficult airway. However, failures have been reported in the literature that are associated with certain patient characteristics. Klippel-Feil Syndrome is a condition that typically presents with decreased cervical spine motion, a characteristic that has been associated with GlideScope failure. After an uneventful first anesthetic, a case of a near impossible-to-intubate occurred in a patient with Klippel-Feil Syndrome.
Predictors of Ischemic Stroke in the Territory of a Symptomatic Intracranial Arterial Stenosis

Background— Antithrombotic therapy for intracranial arterial stenosis was recently evaluated in the Warfarin versus Aspirin for Symptomatic Intracranial Disease (WASID) trial. A prespecified aim of WASID was to identify patients at highest risk for stroke in the territory of the stenotic artery who would be the target group for a subsequent trial comparing intracranial stenting with medical therapy. Methods and Results— WASID was a randomized, double-blinded, multicenter trial involving 569 patients with transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke due to 50% to 99% stenosis of a major intracranial artery. Median time from qualifying event to randomization was 17 days, and mean follow-up was 1.8 years. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify factors associated with subsequent ischemic stroke in the territory of the stenotic artery. Subsequent ischemic stroke occurred in 106 patients (19.0%); 77 (73%) of these strokes were in the territory of the stenotic artery. Risk of stroke ...
Four approaches to doing ethics

Within the field of medical ethics there is a startling amount of diversity regarding which issues and relationships are deemed relevant for ethical inquiry and analysis, what strategies are appropriate for examining and resolving ethical conflict, what should be the goals for medical ethics, even who should participate in that project. What I will try to make clear in this paper is that how we go about this process of doing medical ethics, of examining, reflecting, decisionmaking, and behaving, makes a practical difference, and not just a philosophical one, in terms of the understandings we will reach about ethical matters. Without attempting to resolve any of the conflicts within or between different conceptions of doing ethics, I will try to articulate the differences in orientation, and particularly the tone and educational emphasis, that attend four major contemporary approaches to ethical inquiry and analysis: deductivism, principlism, modern casuistry, and feminist/relationist ethics.
Activation of an Arabidopsis Resistance Protein Is Specified by the in Planta Association of Its Leucine-Rich Repeat Domain with the Cognate Oomycete Effector

Activation of plant immunity relies on recognition of pathogen effectors by several classes of plant resistance proteins. To discover the underlying molecular mechanisms of effector recognition by the Arabidopsis thaliana RECOGNITION OF PERONOSPORA PARASITICA1 (RPP1) resistance protein, we adopted an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient protein expression system in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), which allowed us to perform coimmunoprecipitation experiments and mutational analyses. Herein, we demonstrate that RPP1 associates with its cognate effector ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA RECOGNIZED1 (ATR1) in a recognition-specific manner and that this association is a prerequisite step in the induction of the hypersensitive cell death response of host tissue. The leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain of RPP1 mediates the interaction with ATR1, while the Toll/Interleukin1 Receptor (TIR) domain facilitates the induction of the hypersensitive cell death response. Additionally, we demonstrate that mutations in the TIR and nucleotide binding site domains, which exhibit loss of function for the induction of the hypersensitive response, are still able to associate with the effector in planta. Thus, our data suggest molecular epistasis between signaling activity of the TIR domain and the recognition function of the LRR and allow us to propose a model for ATR1 recognition by RPP1.
A sub-optimal algorithm to synthesize control laws for a network of dynamic agents

We study the synthesis problem of an LQR controller when the matrix describing the control law is constrained to lie in a particular vector space. Our motivation is the use of such control laws to stabilize networks of autonomous agents in a decentralized fashion; with the information flow being dictated by the constraints of a pre-specified topology. In this paper, we consider the finite-horizon version of the problem and provide both a computationally intensive optimal solution and a sub-optimal solution that is computationally more tractable. Then we apply the technique to the decentralized vehicle formation control problem and show that the loss in performance due to the use of the sub-optimal solution is not huge; however the topology can have a large effect on performance.
How Did He Defend Those People? Kunen on Unpopular Defendants

Two weeks after joining the NYU criminal law clinic, James Kunen notes, "we were thrown into court-the shallow end, misdemeanors, but well over our heads, all the same" (at 7). One of his first victories resulted from an appeal to the "justice angle" on behalf of a client charged with prostitution. He shares with us how he came to be persuaded that she in fact did not ply the trade. "Prostitutes are arrested, and fined, and released to be arrested and fined again, and again. Prostitutes without arrest records exist, but not for long-sort of like falling stars. Ms. Hoffman [who had no record] and I agreed that complete vindication was the only acceptable disposition of her case" (at 5). As these excerpts suggest, Kunen's How Can You Defend Those People? offers a rare glimpse into the criminal justice system. Unlike most autobiographical accounts by practitioners, Kunen's describes life as a young public defender, not as an obscenely paid "star" defending the rich and famous in notorious trials. And unlike 99 and 44/100s percent of what is written about criminal courts, this book is frequently funny. When was the last time you copped ten belly laughs and several-score chuckles when reading about judges, defendants, and jails? His descriptions not only entertain, but instruct, often with a tinge of realistic cynicism. Here is one of several comments on the use of language in law.
SURFACE RADIATION MEASUREMENTS DURING THE ARESE CAMPAIGN

Abstract We describe a comprehensive set of surface radiative flux measurements made during the Fall 1995 ARM Enhanced Shortwave Experiment (ARESE) at a variety of locations in northern Oklahoma. Accurate measurements of solar spectral broadband (0.224–3.91 μm and 0.68–3.3 μm) and narrow spectral bandpass (10 nm) downwelling irradiances were made over atmospheric conditions ranging from “pristine” clear to heavy overcast. Precise instrument calibrations are used during analyses in deriving absolute downwelling fluxes accurate to about 1% for the broadband and 3% for the spectral instruments. Measured instrument angular responses are incorporated in these analyses to minimize deviations from ideal cosine responses. All calibrated irradiance measurements are available through the ARM ARESE archive via anonymous FTP at ftp.arm.gov and the World Wide Web at www.arm.gov.
An advanced test system architecture for synchronous and asynchronous control of mixed signal device testing

The authors present a tester capable of generating and measuring real-time-managed mixed signals by means of a dual master clock and master/slave multi-sequencing. This tester can test devices under conditions very close to their real working environment. The tester thus readily enhances testing reliability and improves testing throughput promptly. A powerful software package, combined with a library-oriented application environment, eases the job of developing tests for mixed-signal devices. >
Halide Vapor Phase Epitaxy of Gallium Nitride Films on Sapphire and Silicon Substrates

A major limitation of the current technology for GaN epitaxy is the availability of suitable substrates matched in both lattice constant and thermal expansion coefficient. One alternative for the development of GaN substrates rests in the application of halide vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) to produce GaN films at high growth rates. In this paper, we describe the growth of thick GaN films via the HVPE technique on (0001) sapphire and (111) Si substrates. At a temperature of 1030°C, films are grown at rates between 70 and 90 μm/hr, yielding total thicknesses exceeding 200 μm on sapphire. DCXRD measurements of GaN/sapphire indicate FWHM values less than 220 arcsec on 180 μm thick films. Room temperature PL measurements of GaN/sapphire indicate strong emission at 3.41 eV, with a FWHM value of 65 meV. Moreover, no detectable deep level emission was found in room temperature PL measurement. Under optimized conditions, films are morphologically smooth and optically clear. The GaN morphology appears to be a strong function of the initial nucleation conditions, which in turn are strongly affected by the partial pressure of GaCl. HVPE growth on (111) Si substrates is accomplished using an AlN MOVPE buffer layer.
Interaction of an Intense Extratropical Cyclone with Coastal Orography

Abstract Observational analyses and numerical simulations are used to investigate the interaction of an intense extra-tropical cyclone with the coastal orography of the Pacific Northwest. Known as the “Inauguration Day cyclone,” the system made landfall upon the Washington State coast on 20 January 1993, producing one of the most damaging wind storms in Pacific Northwest history. The strongest winds accompanying the storm were associated with an intense low-level pressure gradient that was concentrated along a bent-back front. Mesoscale pressure perturbations produced by the time-dependent interaction of the cyclone and bent-back front with the coastal orography were isolated using numerical simulations. The simulations showed that during the period of peak winds over Puget Sound, there was only a minor enhancement of the local pressure gradient by troughing to the lee (east) of the Olympic Mountains. Gradual amplification of this Olympic Mountain lee trough over a period of 2–3 h extended the period of s...
Cuno v. DaimlerChrysler: A Critique

The author criticizes the decision of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit in Cuno v. DaimlerChrysler Inc., in which the court ruled that Ohio's investment tax credit violated the U.S. Constitution's Commerce Clause. Zelinsky says the dormant Commerce Clause concept of nondiscrimination is overbroad and undefinable and should be abandoned. He hopes this decision will give the U.S. Supreme Court an opportunity to reassess the concept.
Regulation of Hippocampal Firing by Network Oscillations during Sleep

It has been hypothesized that waking leads to higher-firing neurons, with increased energy expenditure, and that sleep serves to return activity to baseline levels. Oscillatory activity patterns during different stages of sleep may play specific roles in this process, but consensus has been missing. To evaluate these phenomena in the hippocampus, we recorded from region CA1 neurons in rats across the 24-hr cycle, and we found that their firing increased upon waking and decreased 11% per hour across sleep. Waking and sleeping also affected lower- and higher-firing neurons differently. Interestingly, the incidences of sleep spindles and sharp-wave ripples (SWRs), typically associated with cortical plasticity, were predictive of ensuing firing changes and were more robustly predictive than other oscillatory events. Spindles and SWRs were initiated during non-REM sleep, yet the changes were incorporated in the network over the following REM sleep epoch. These findings indicate an important role for spindles and SWRs and provide novel evidence of a symbiotic relationship between non-REM and REM stages of sleep in the homeostatic regulation of neuronal activity.
Controlled Chain-Growth Kumada Catalyst Transfer Polycondensation of a Conjugated Alternating Copolymer

The Ni-catalyzed Kumada catalyst transfer polycondensation of a novel biaryl monomer, 2-(4-bromo-2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)phenyl)-5-chloromagnesiothiophene (2), afforded the respective π-conjugated alternating copolymer poly(thiophene-alt-p-phenylene) (PTPP). Under optimized conditions, the polystyrene-equivalent number-average molecular weight (Mn) of the copolymers prepared using this method were varied between 6.4 and 39 kDa by adjusting the initial monomer-to-catalyst ratios and, in all cases, the resulting materials exhibited narrow polydispersity indices (PDIs ≤ 1.33). Moreover, the Mn of the copolymers produced were found to increase linearly with monomer conversion. The ability of PTPP to be utilized as a macroinitiator for further copolymerization was confirmed through a series of chain extension experiments as well as block copolymerizations involving 2-bromo-5-chloromagnesio-3-hexylthiophene. MALDI-MS analysis showed that the major population of the PTPP prepared using the aforementioned method ...
Indeterminate Fibrohistiocytic Lesions of the Skin: Is There a Spectrum Between Dermatofibroma and Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans?

Routine histology and immunohistochemistry can usually distinguish dermatofibroma (DF) and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP). DF generally expresses factor XIIIa whereas DFSP generally expresses CD34. The authors report 10 cutaneous fibrohistiocytic lesions combining clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical features of both DF and DFSP. The lesions had an average size of 1.2 cm (range, 0.4-2.7 cm), and occurred on the trunk (n = 6), extremities (n = 3), and face (n = 1) of four men and six women (average age, 30.6 yrs; age range, 15-50 yrs). Eight lesions exhibited acanthosis and densely cellular fascicles with focal storiform areas. All had keloidal collagen, infiltrated the subcutis in a honeycomb pattern, and had low mitotic counts (0 to 4 mitoses per square millimeter). All were diffusely immunoreactive for factor XIIIa (30%-60% of the neoplastic cells) as well as CD34 (20%-70%). This series raises the possibility of a biologic spectrum between DF and DFSP; however, double-immunolabeling studies showed no notable coexpression of factor XIIIa and CD34 by individual cells, suggesting coexistence of two different cellular populations. After an average follow up of 22.3 months (range, 10-46 mos) in six cases, a single recurrence was documented. The ambiguous histologic features and the potential for local recurrence suggest that performing a complete excision may be prudent in these diagnostically indeterminate lesions.
Hormonal influences on growth and somatotropic actions of autonomous mammotropes.

Summary and Conclusions1. The role of gonadal, adrenal, and hypophyseal hormones on growth and somatotropic actions of a transplantable, functional mammotropic pituitary tumor (MtT) was studied in rats. 2. Although this tumor is autonomous (in that it grows in normal rats of both sexes) it is highly responsive to estrogen, the rate of tumor growth and body growth of the host being roughly proportional to the quantity of estrogen administered. Hormones of mammotropes stimulate body growth and growth of many organs. Somatotropic and mammotropic effects are marked in hypophysectomized rats bearing mammotropic tumors; thus they are independent of other pituitary factors.
Between Facts,Norms and Values: An Exploration on Position of Environmental Law from Discipline and Practice-oriented Perspective

In today's world,environmentalproblems have become an urging crisis facing human society,which constitutes the natural and social foundation for the formation and development of environmental law. General implementation of laws in modern society has made legislation the basic means to solve environmental problems in contemporary society. Thus environmental law is at the core in dealing with environmental problems. Meanwhile, faced with complex and diverse patterns of environmental issues,environmental law is often entangled between facts,norms and values. Based on an analysis to the theory and practice,this paper attempts to explore and discuss some fundamental issues of environmental legislation from discipline and practice-oriented perspectives.
How Fluids Behave (Redux)

In this text, our goal is to explain flow; this chapter surveys how far we have come. With the completion of nine chapters of study, we find that we can make sense of much of the fluid behavior we observe. A reexamination of those behaviors helps consolidate our knowledge. Section 10.1 is an integrated summary of the concepts of viscosity, drag, and boundary layers. Section 10.2 provides guidance on how numerical tools are used to pursue advanced flow-field models. In Section 10.3, we turn to turbulent flow, which until now was addressed only through data correlations for friction factor and drag coefficient. Sophisticated applications involving turbulent flow (e.g., airplane flight, mixing, and reactor design) require more detailed understanding of turbulent flow structure than discussed so far. We introduce the statistical study of turbulence in Section 10.3. Lift-briefly introduced in Chapter 8—is studied most effectively with advanced tools such as vorticity and circulation (Section 10.4). Section 10.5 continues with vorticity to show how this tool improves our understanding of curvy flow. Compressible fluid flow is discussed in Section 10.6. The flow behaviors not addressed in this text are accessible through advanced study based on the introductory methods in Chapters 1–9.
An Analysis of the Properties of Four Scales Measuring Attitudes Toward Sexual Embeds in Advertising

Evidence concerning the existence of sexual embeds has been offered by Kilbourne, Ridley, and Painton (1985), Key (1980), and Widing, Hoverstad and Luke (1986). Critics of the practice state that the practice is unethical, immoral, manipulative, in need of legislation, frequently used, and, to some degree, effective. (Key 1980, Kelly 1979, cf. Moore 1982.) It is also of interest, however, to measure subject/respondent opinions to assess their viewpoints.
The most widely viewed YouTube videos with content related to multivitamins

Background: Use of multivitamin/multimineral (MVM) and other dietary supplements is common among American adults. The purpose of this study was to describe the source and content of the most widely viewed YouTube videos associated with MVM supplements. Methods: Videos were filtered by number of views and the source of the video upload was recorded. A comparison of video characteristics and differences in video content was conducted. Results: Cumulatively, the videos in this sample were viewed 25 573 055 times. The majority of videos found in this sample were uploaded by a nutrition, wellness, or fitness channels. Most videos mentioned benefits (80.4%, 95% CI: 72.5%, 88.3%) and advocated for use of the supplement (72.2%, 95% CI: 63.3%, 81.1%). Over 84% (84.5%, 95% CI: 77.3, 91.7%) of the videos did not mention risks associated with taking a particular vitamin or supplement. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that MVMs are often promoted and encouraged, yet risks associated with MVMs were infrequently mentioned. Health professionals should be aware of the extent to which MVM related content appears on social media and, more importantly, be attuned to the content, which can be misleading, or missing information regarding risks and/or evidence of possible benefits.
Clinician attitudes, skills, motivations and experience following the implementation of clinical decision support tools in a large dental practice.

Abstract Objective This study assesses dental clinicians' pre- and post-implementation attitudes, skills, and experiences with three clinical decision support (CDS) tools built into the electronic health record (EHR) of a multi-specialty group dental practice. Methods Electronic surveys designed to examine factors for acceptance of EHR-based CDS tools including caries management by risk assessment (CAMBRA), periodontal disease management by risk assessment (PEMBRA) and a risk assessment-based Proactive Dental Care Plan (PDCP) were distributed to all Willamette Dental Group employees at 2 time points; 3 months pre-implementation (Fall 2013) and 15 months after implementation (winter 2015). The surveys collected demographics, measures of job experience and satisfaction, and attitudes toward each CDS tool. The baseline survey response rate among clinicians was 83.1% ( n = 567) and follow-up survey response rate was 63.2% ( n = 508). Among the 344 clinicians who responded to both before and after surveys, 27% were general and specialist dentists, 32% were dental hygienists, and 41% were dental assistants. Results Adherence to the CDS tools has been sustained at 98%+ since roll-out. Between baseline and follow-up, the change in mean attitude scores regarding CAMBRA reflect statistically significant improvement in formal training, knowing how to use the tools, belief in the science supporting the tools, and the usefulness of the tool to motivate patients. For PEMBRA, statistically significant improvement was found in formal training, knowing how to use the tools, belief in the science supporting the tools, with improvement also found in belief that the format and process worked well. Finally, for the PDCP, significant and positive changes were seen for every attitude and skill item scored. A strong and positive correlation with post-implementation attitudes was found with positive experiences in the work environment, whereas a negative correlation was found with workload and stress. Clinicians highly ranked a commitment to evidence-based care and sense that the tools were helping to improve patient care, health, and experience as motivations to use the tools. Peer pressure, fears about malpractice, and incentive pay were rated the lowest among the motivation factors. Conclusion This study shows that CDS tools built into the EHR can be successfully implemented in a dental practice and widely accepted by the entire clinical team. Achieving a high level of adherence to use of CDS can be done through adequate training, alignment with the mission and purpose of the organization, and is compatible with an improved work environment and clinician satisfaction.
Induced Thermal Transport in the Toda Lattice Using Localized Passive Control

Thermal behavior at the nanoscale presents both formidable challenges and tremendous opportunities. Theoretical treatment at this scale differs fundamentally from macroscopic analysis, because thermal energy may take a variety of forms at the crystal lattice level, with distinctly different consequences for dissipation. These dynamical behaviors have the potential to greatly enhance control of heat transport and, for example, mitigate the effects of local heating. To a surprising degree, simple lattice models display many of the salient phenomena observed in epitaxial crystal layers. The Toda lattice is a completely integrable, anharmonic, discrete particle model, incorporating only nearest-neighbor interactions. In this paper, we employ the Toda lattice, originally developed as a model of thermal transport in crystals, to develop ideas for applying control theory to such systems. As a first result, we show that localized feedback of a small number of integrals of motion can be used to convert slow phonon modes, associated with limited heat transfer, into fast phonons modes, thereby reducing local heating. We present simulations to validate the approach.
Water Influences the Activity and Selectivity of Ceria-Supported Gold Catalysts for Oxidative Dehydrogenation and Esterification of Ethanol

In this study, we show that water influences the activity and selectivity of a ceria-supported gold catalyst for the oxidative dehydrogenation and esterification of ethanol in a fixed-bed flow reactor, resulting in the production of acetaldehyde and ethyl acetate, respectively. The rate of acetaldehyde formation was enhanced upon incorporation of water in the feed stream at low pressures; beyond this, the water had little effect on the kinetics of the primary oxidation reaction. However, water induced significant changes to ethyl acetate production, decreasing the reaction order in ethanol and slowing the reaction rate. Furthermore, a large kinetic isotope effect for esterification was observed upon incorporation of either D2O or d-ethanol in the system, suggesting that breaking an OH bond is associated with the rate-determining step for this reaction. Our observations are consistent with the esterification process occurring through secondary oxidation of acetaldehyde to acetate species on the ceria surfa...
Myocardial Reparative Properties of Cardiac Mesenchymal Cells Isolated on the Basis of Adherence.

Background The authors previously reported that the c-kit–positive (c-kitPOS) cells isolated from slowly adhering (SA) but not from rapidly adhering (RA) fractions of cardiac mesenchymal cells (CMCs) are effective in preserving left ventricular (LV) function after myocardial infarction (MI). Objectives This study evaluated whether adherence to plastic alone, without c-kit sorting, was sufficient to isolate reparative CMCs. Methods RA and SA CMCs were isolated from mouse hearts, expanded in vitro, characterized, and evaluated for therapeutic efficacy in mice subjected to MI. Results Morphological and phenotypic analysis revealed that murine RA and SA CMCs are indistinguishable; nevertheless, transcriptome analysis showed that they possess fundamentally different gene expression profiles related to factors that regulate post-MI LV remodeling and repair. A similar population of SA CMCs was isolated from porcine endomyocardial biopsy samples. In mice given CMCs 2 days after MI, LV ejection fraction 28 days later was significantly increased in the SA CMC group (31.2 ± 1.0% vs. 24.7 ± 2.2% in vehicle-treated mice; p < 0.05) but not in the RA CMC group (24.1 ± 1.2%). Histological analysis showed reduced collagen deposition in the noninfarcted region in mice given SA CMCs (7.6 ± 1.5% vs. 14.5 ± 2.8% in vehicle-treated mice; p < 0.05) but not RA CMCs (11.7 ± 1.7%), which was associated with reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells (14.1 ± 1.6% vs. 21.3 ± 1.5% of total cells in vehicle and 19.3 ± 1.8% in RA CMCs; p < 0.05). Engraftment of SA CMCs was negligible, which implies a paracrine mechanism of action. Conclusions We identified a novel population of c-kit–negative reparative cardiac cells (SA CMCs) that can be isolated with a simple method based on adherence to plastic. SA CMCs exhibited robust reparative properties and offered numerous advantages, appearing to be more suitable than c-kitPOS cardiac progenitor cells for widespread clinical therapeutic application.
The Fit Study: Design and rationale for a cluster randomized trial of school-based BMI screening and reporting.

Abstract Background In the U.S., 25 states conduct body mass index (BMI) screening in schools, just under half of which report results to parents. While some experts recommend the practice, evidence demonstrating its efficacy to reduce obesity is lacking, and concerns about weight-related stigma have been raised. Methods/design The Fit Study is a 3-arm cluster-randomized trial assessing the effectiveness of school-based BMI screening and reporting in reducing pediatric obesity and identifying unintended consequences. Seventy-nine elementary and middle schools across California were randomized to 1 of 3 Arms: 1) BMI screening and reporting; 2) BMI screening only; or 3) no BMI screening or reporting. In Arm 1 schools, students were further randomized to receive reports with BMI results alone or both BMI and fitness test results. Over 3 consecutive years, staff in schools in Arms 1 and 2 will measure students' BMI (grades 3–8) and additional aspects of fitness (grades 5–8), and students in grades 4–8 in all Arms will complete surveys to assess weight-based stigmatization. Change in BMI z-score will be compared between Arm 1 and Arm 2 to determine the impact of BMI reporting on weight status, with sub-analyses stratified by report type (BMI results alone versus BMI plus fitness results) and by race/ethnicity. The potential for BMI reports to lead to weight-based stigma will be assessed by comparing student survey results among the 3 study Arms. Discussion This study will provide evidence on both the benefit and potential unintended harms of school-based BMI screening and reporting.
Trace Metal Accumulation and Re-mobilization in Phreatic Karst Conduits

Little is known about how trace metals accumulate and cycle in conduits within the phreatic zone. These water-filled conduits can receive floodwater that allows metals to accumulate, similar to air-filled caves, but are more susceptible to reducing conditions following floods because oxygen is limited to dissolved concentrations. If sufficient reactive organic carbon is transported into the aquifer, oxygen consumption will lower Eh and mobilize manganese and iron. To evaluate this accumulation and mobilization of metals, we analyzed the geochemical and isotopic composition of water, solid metal oxide, and limestone samples from two phreatic systems in north-central Florida where river water displaces aquifer water following storms. River water was a net source of trace metals to the aquifer; however, manganese depletion in the interior of the metal oxides relative to concentrations in intruding river water indicates not all metals are retained in the aquifer as redox conditions changed. The metal oxides are actively incorporating metals from floods, with anthropogenically sourced lead from surface water on the outer portion of the metal oxide.