cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recursion and Explicit Formulas for Particular N-Variable Knop-Sahi and Macdonald Polynomials

Knop and Sahi simultaneously introduced a family of non-homogeneous, non-symmetric polynomials, G?(x; q, t). The top homogeneous components of these polynomials are the non-symmetric Macdonald polynomials, E?(x; q, t). An appropriate Hecke algebra symmetrization of E? yields the Macdonald polynomials, P?(x; q, t). A search for explicit formulas for the polynomials G?(x; q, t) led to the main results of this paper. In particular, we give a complete solution for the case G(k, a, ?, a)(x; q, t). A remarkable by-product of our proofs is the discovery that these polynomials satisfy a recursion on the number of variables.
Phycotoxin‐related shellfish poisoning: Bivalve molluscs are not the only vectors

Abstract The continuing increase in numbers of toxic algal species coupled with increased incidences of blooms of these species presents a constant threat to public health worldwide. Traditionally, only filter‐feeding molluscs that concentrate these toxic algae are considered in monitoring programs for paralytic (PSP), diarrhetic (DSP), neurotoxic (NSP), and amnesic (ASP) shellfish poisons; however, increasing attention is being paid to higher‐order consumers such as carnivorous gastropods and crustaceans. This review summarizes data on accumulation of phycotoxins by “non‐target”; species frequently consumed by humans, and stresses the importance of including such species in routine monitoring programs, especially in regions where nontraditional spedes are being harvested.
Neuromuscular relationships in the asymmetric claws of Californian snapping shrimp

The asymmetric claws of Californian snapping shrimp (Alpheus californiensis) are comprised of a smaller pincer claw and a larger snapper claw. The present paper describes the morphology of the single closer muscle and the facilitation properties of an excitatory motor axon for both claws. In the snapper claw the closer muscle fibers are composed of uniformly long sarcomeres, measuring 10–15 μm in length. In the pincer the closer muscle fibers are of a smaller diameter and can be divided into two groups on the basis of sarcomere length. One group has short (2 and 3 μm) sarcomeres, while the other has intermediate (7 and 8 μm) sarcomeres. Microelectrode recordings from single closer muscle fibers showed that all fibers are supplied by the fast excitatory motor axon. The slow excitatory motor axon innervates only fibers on the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the closer muscle. Facilitation of excitatory junctional potentials (ejps), produced by stimulation of the fast axon with pairs of brief electrical shocks, revealed that at intervals above 100 ms no facilitation was recorded from either claw. At intervals below 100 ms, however, facilitation was recorded from pincer closer muscle fibers, but defacilitation or depression was recorded from the snapper. This was confirmed by making extracellular recordings of synaptic potentials from snapper closer muscle fibers.
Origin and effects of electric fields during isolated magnetospheric substorms

Balloon-measured electric-field data for five-hour periods during each of 19 substorms near local midnight have been analyzed and averaged. Results are applied to an improved model of the magnetospheric substorm in which the origin of the electric fields, the flow of cold plasma and magnetic-field lines, and many observed particle phenomena are more naturally explained.
Resonance feature in Al − photodetachment below the Al ( 3 s 2 4 s 2 S ) threshold

Photodetachment of Al{sup {minus}}(3s{sup 2}3p{sup 23}P) near the threshold of the first excited state of neutral aluminum has been studied both experimentally and theoretically. A 19-keV mass-resolved Al{sup {minus}} beam was intersected by a frequency-doubled neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet pumped dye-laser beam, and the fast atoms created by detachment processes were detected. Measurements just below the threshold of the first excited state, Al(3s{sup 2}4s{sup 2}S), find a large resonance peak in the detachment signal. An eigenchannel R-matrix calculation generates a resonance structure that is qualitatively similar to the data and identifies the large resonance peak as resulting from a doubly excited negative-ion state having predominantly (3s{sup 2}4s4p{sup 3}P{sup o}) character. Density plots of the resonance state are presented to demonstrate its structure. Near the Al(3s{sup 2}3p{sup 2}P) threshold, theory agrees also with recent relative measurements of D. Calabrese {ital et al.} [Phys. Rev. A {bold 54}, 2797 (1996)]. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Improving Information Literacy Skills for Psychology Majors: The Development of a Case Study Technique

This article describes the development of a faculty–librarian collaborative project that integrated discipline-specific information literacy into an upper-level psychology class. The instruction involved a case study technique in order to increase student engagement in a content area while helping students gain needed information literacy skills that meet professional guidelines. We found that employing this approach enhanced instructor ability to more fully and meaningfully engage with students within a more comfortable classroom atmosphere. This method may be easily adapted to other disciplines as it allows for much creativity and selection of course-relevant themes.
Role of water vapor and convection‐circulation decoupling in MJO simulations by a tropical channel model

A tropical channel model failed to simulate an observed MJO event. As a means to find reasons for the failure, model errors in water vapor (qv) and other fields were corrected to different extents by nudging towards a global reanalysis product. An MJO metric was developed to quantify the realism of a simulated MJO event in the amplitude and zonal propagation speed of its precipitation and zonal wind at 850 hPa (U850). Results show that correcting errors in qv alone is necessary and sufficient for a realistic simulation of the MJO event. Correcting errors in other fields is insufficient by itself and unnecessary with water vapor correction. For a realistic MJO simulation, error corrections are needed for qv perturbations of the planetary scales (zonal wave number 1–3) together with its zonal mean in both the lower and middle troposphere. Correcting errors in qv at upper levels, planetary-scale perturbations of any single zonal wave number, synoptic-scale perturbations, or temporal/zonal means alone is not sufficient for a realistic MJO simulation. Amplitudes of MJO precipitation and U850 are significantly correlated, but their propagation speeds are not. MJO signals in U850 are easier than those in precipitation to improve by correcting errors in qv. In the absence of MJO intrinsic dynamics, inserted MJO signals in qv in a simulation may create a phantom MJO event in precipitation but not in the circulation. This study confirms the existing knowledge on the importance of qv to MJO simulations, sheds new lights on the role of the qv spatial structure, and presents evidence for possible precipitation-circulation decoupling in MJO simulations.
Deployment of Carrier-Grade Bandwidth-on-Demand Services over Optical Transport Networks: A Verizon Experience

In September 2006, Verizon partner solutions (VPS) launched the bandwidth-on-demand (BoD) service trial in New York City, as a precursor to the formal rollout of just-in-time provisioning (JiT) service in 2007. The JiT service will offer wholesale customers OC-n, Ethernet private line, and DS3 services utilizing a GMPLS-based intelligent optical network to reduce provisioning intervals. This paper presents Verizon's experience in deploying BoD/JiT Provisioning services, and identifies technology gaps and operations challenges.
Optimization of DsRed production in Escherichia coli: Effect of ribosome binding site sequestration on translation efficiency

DsRed-Express, a popular reporter protein, cannot be expressed in Escherichia coli using a consensus ribosome binding site (RBS) potentially due to basepairing in the RBS that inhibits translation initiation. Saturation mutagenesis was used to probe for a gene sequence that minimized basepairing in the RBS while maintaining the same spectral properties and maturation characteristics as DsRed-Express. The new DsRed, designated here as RFP(EC) for E. coli optimized red fluorescent protein, fluoresces 2.5 times greater than DsRed-Express when expressed from the same vector.
Phytohemagglutinin enhancement of cell fusion reduces polyethylene glycol cytotoxicity.

Abstract Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) enhances polyethylene glycol-induced mammalian cell fusion. This is reflected by an increase in the effectiveness of lower concentrations of polyethylene glycol at inducing fusion, and thereby a reduction in the cytotoxicity of the fusogen.
The Effects of Delayed Reinforcement on Variability and Repetition of Response Sequences

Four experiments examined the effects of delays to reinforcement on key peck sequences of pigeons maintained under multiple schedules of contingencies that produced variable or repetitive behavior. In Experiments 1, 2, and 4, in the repeat component only the sequence right-right-left-left earned food, and in the vary component four-response sequences different from the previous 10 earned food. Experiments 1 and 2 examined the effects of nonresetting and resetting delays to reinforcement, respectively. In Experiment 3, in the repeat component sequences had to be the same as one of the previous three, whereas in the vary component sequences had to be different from each of the previous three for food. Experiment 4 compared postreinforcer delays to prereinforcement delays. With immediate reinforcement sequences occurred at a similar rate in the two components, but were less variable in the repeat component. Delays to reinforcement decreased the rate of sequences similarly in both components, but affected variability differently. Variability increased in the repeat component, but was unaffected in the vary component. These effects occurred regardless of the manner in which the delay to reinforcement was programmed or the contingency used to generate repetitive behavior. Furthermore, the effects were unique to prereinforcement delays.
Inhibition of Renin by Plasma Linoleic Acid

The authors have demonstrated previously that human plasma contains an inhibitor(s) of the enzymatic activity of renin. The purpose of this study is to identify the circulating renin inhibitor. Plasma initially was fractionated with preparative sephacryl S-300 chromatography. A fraction with low protein content inhibited the in vitro enzymatic activity of human renin by 76%. The inhibitory activity of this fraction was not altered by boiling and/or acidification. This fraction was applied to an affinity column, using purified mouse submaxillary renin as ligand. The inhibitor was recovered after elution with hypertonic NaCl. Linoleic acid, a previously identified renin inhibitor, was present in this fraction. The authors conclude that circulating linoleic acid inhibits renin. Conceivably, the overall activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone cascade may be modified by alterations of plasma fatty acid concentrations.
Existential Therapy and Emotions: Lessons from Cross-Cultural Exchange

Existential therapy affirms that emotions are a given of human existence, experienced by all people regardless of culture. However, the experience and expression of emotion is highly influenced by culture, including influencing whether an emotion is perceived as healthy or problematic. Unfortunately, many Western approaches to psychology are prone to pathologizing the way different cultures experience emotion. In this article, the cultural exchange between United States, Bahamian, and Chinese culture is used to illustrate different ways of perceiving, experiencing, and expressing emotion, all of which can be healthy within their own cultural context, but often be oppressive and problematic in others. Cultural exchanges such as this can be highly instructive in helping therapist develop the necessary skills to work with client emotions in a culturally sensitive manner inclusive of varied approaches to emotions.
A BASIC Program for the Shell-Metzner Sort Algorithm

The Shell-Metzner sort algorithm is a very fast sorting routine which surpasses other more well-known routines. The BASIC program written here allows for sorting data from a disk or diskette or from DATA statements.
Ground-State Proton Transfer Kinetics in Green Fluorescent Protein

Proton transfer plays an important role in the optical properties of green fluorescent protein (GFP). While much is known about excited-state proton transfer reactions (ESPT) in GFP occurring on ultrafast time scales, comparatively little is understood about the factors governing the rates and pathways of ground-state proton transfer. We have utilized a specific isotopic labeling strategy in combination with one-dimensional 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to install and monitor a 13C directly adjacent to the GFP chromophore ionization site. The chemical shift of this probe is highly sensitive to the protonation state of the chromophore, and the resulting spectra reflect the thermodynamics and kinetics of the proton transfer in the NMR line shapes. This information is complemented by time-resolved NMR, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, and steady-state absorbance and fluorescence measurements to provide a picture of chromophore ionization reactions spanning a wide time domain. Our fi...
Acute hemiconvulsive encephalopathy of childhood with prominent unilateral delta activity in the electroencephalogram.

Twenty children with an acute hemiconvulsive encephalopathy are reported who had a sudden onset of focal epileptic seizures. The majority had clinical evidence of hemiparesis which was transient. All had very prominent unilateral delta activity in the EEG which also cleared gradually but at a rate much slower than the clinical symptoms. The initial picture of these children was similar to those with post-convulsive acute hemiplegia of childhood but the subsequent course was benign with regards to neurological deficit, intellectual performance and recurrence of seizures. It is emphasized that prompt control of convulsions in such patients may prevent further cerebral damage secondary to the seizures themselves which may have been responsible for poor prognosis previously reported in similar patients.
Not with a Bang

Software-intensive systems, like bridges and societies, are subject to collapse. Collapse isn't necessarily inevitable, however, but avoiding it requires active, vigorous, and intentional intervention by the system's architects. Two patterns and one antipattern can help architects address the systemic issues that, left unattended, may lead to collapse.
Melatonin induces hypertrophy of brown adipose tissue in Spermophilus tridecemlineatus

Abstract Nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) plays an important role in hibernators during cold exposure and arousal periods. Brown adipose tissue (BAT), an important site of NST, displays seasonal changes in S. tridecemlineatus while cold exposure and short photoperiods stimulate hypertrophy of BAT. The pineal gland and melatonin have been implicated in thermoregulation but relatively little is known about the pineal's role in hibernation. In this investigation chronic melatonin administration via both silicone rubber implants containing 3 mg of melatonin and daily intraperitoneal injections of saline containing 50 μg of melatonin induced hypertrophy of BAT in young-of-the-year S. tridecemlineatus . Chronic melatonin administration appears to mimic the effects of cold exposure and/or short photoperiods on the hypertrophy of BAT.
Encephalopathy in rats and nephropathy in rats and mice after subchronic oral exposure to benzaldehyde.

Male and female Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice were treated daily (5 days/wk) with benzaldehyde by gavage either in 12 doses of 0 (vehicle control), 100 (rats only), 200, 400, 800, 1600 or (for mice only) 3200 mg/kg body weight/day (followed by 2 days' observation without treatment), or for 90 days in doses of 0, 50, 100, 200, 400 or 800 mg/kg/day (rats) or 0, 75, 150, 300, 600 or 1200 mg/kg/day (mice). In the acute studies, benzaldehyde induced deaths and decreased body-weight gain in both sexes of rats given 800 or 1600 mg/kg/day and caused deaths in both sexes of mice given 1600 or 3200 mg/kg/day. In the 90-day studies, deaths occurred in both sexes of rats on 800 mg/kg/day and in male mice on 1200 mg/kg/day. Body-weight gain was depressed in male rats on 800 mg/kg/day, in male mice on 600 mg/kg/day and in female mice on 1200 mg/kg/day. Necrotic and degenerative lesions were seen in the cerebellar and hippocampal regions of the brain in both sexes of rats given 800 mg/kg/day, but not in mice. Renal tubular necrosis occurred in male and female rats on 800 mg/kg/day and in male mice on 1200 mg/kg/day. Mild epithelial hyperplasia or hyperkeratosis of the forestomach was seen in male and female rats on 800 mg/kg/day. In this limited study, the no-observed-toxic-effect doses of benzaldehyde administered by gavage were 400 mg/kg/day in male and female rats, 300 mg/kg/day in male mice and 600–1200 mg/kg/day in female mice.
Time-Resolved Constant-Energy Synchronous Phosphorimetry

Constant-energy synchronous scanning has been combined with time resolution in order to increase the spectral selectivity in low-temperature phosphorimetry. The technique is called Time-Resolved Constant-Energy Synchronous Phosphorimetry (TRCESP). The personal computer-controlled flashlamp phosphorimeter consisted of a conventional spectrophosphorimeter with computer control of the scanning of the excitation and emission spectrometers. Temporal features such as the repetition rate, source pulse width, delay time between termination of the source pulse and the gate opening, and detector gate width were under various forms of electronic control. A discussion of the spectral resolution resulting from synchronous scanning and temporal resolution from pulsing the source and gating the detector is given. Several mixtures of phosphors are evaluated with respect to the effect of spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and combination of the two resolution approaches upon both sensitivity and selectivity measurements.
Su1772 Diagnostic Yield of Colonoscopy in Children With Chronic Abdominal Pain

Su1772 Diagnostic Yield of Colonoscopy in Children With Chronic Abdominal Pain Kalpesh H. Thakkar*, Emma M. BRAVO, Seiji Kitagawa, Douglas S. Fishman GI, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Rice University, Houston, TX Background: Colonoscopy is often performed in the evaluation of chronic abdominal pain (CAP) in children. However, the diagnostic yield in this clinical scenario is unknown. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study to examine the diagnostic yield in children (4-18 years) who underwent colonoscopy for the primary indication of CAP between Nov 2007 and March 2010 at a pediatric GI referral center in the USA. Patients were screened prior to colonoscopy to meet inclusion criteria: 1. Abdominal pain for at least 2 months without a known organic etiology; 2. No significant co-morbidities, and 3. No previous endoscopy. Demographics and clinical features (e.g. alarm features, Rome criteria) were systematically captured. . Results: We enrolled 52 patients (mean age 11.9; SD 3.5) undergoing colonoscopy including 30 (66%) females and 19 (75%) patients with diarrhea. Findings from biopsy specimens included lymphonodular hyperplasia (21.0%, nZ17), non-specific colitis (4.1%, nZ16), eosinophilic colitis (3.8%, nZ14), and normal histology (0.3%, nZ5). Short term outcomes were available in 43% of the patients enrolled. We found that medical therapy effectively reduced CAP symptoms in approximately 67% (4/6) of patients with non-specific colitis and 43% (3/7) of patients with eosinophilic colitis. Conclusions: Non-specific colitis is the most common diagnosis followed by eosinophilic colitis. Our findings suggest that colonoscopy has a low diagnostic yield in children presenting primarily with chronic abdominal pain.
RNA-binding proteins in pluripotency, differentiation, and reprogramming

Embryonic stem cell maintenance, differentiation, and somatic cell reprogramming require the interplay of multiple pluripotency factors, epigenetic remodelers, and extracellular signaling pathways. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are involved in a wide range of regulatory pathways, from RNA metabolism to epigenetic modifications. In recent years we have witnessed more and more studies on the discovery of new RBPs and the assessment of their functions in a variety of biological systems, including stem cells. We review the current studies on RBPs and focus on those that have functional implications in pluripotency, differentiation, and/or reprogramming in both the human and mouse systems.
Mitochondrial DNA Medicine

The small, maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has turned out to be a hotbed of pathogenic mutations: 15 years into the era of 'mitochondrial medicine', over 150 pathogenic point mutations and countless rearrangements have been associated with a variety of multisystemic or tissue-specific human diseases. MtDNA-related disorders can be divided into two major groups: those due to mutations in genes affecting mitochondrial protein synthesis in toto and those due to mutations in specific protein-coding genes. Here we review the mitochondrial genetics and the clinical features of the mtDNA-related diseases.
INFERIOR VENA CAVAL REPLACEMENT AFTER RESECTION OF LEFT RENAL TUMOR IN CANINE MODEL

An animal model simulating the necessity of replacing the inferior vena cava (IVC) with a prosthetic graft is described. Six dogs underwent replacement of the IVC with an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (E-PTFE) graft using an interrupted-suture technique. Three dogs served as controls, undergoing resection and autograft of the native IVC. Distal side-to-side femoral arteriovenous fistulas were constructed in each case and allowed to remain for six weeks. Subcutaneous heparin and prophylactic antibiotics were administered in the early postoperative period. All grafts were patent at six months, indicating a potentially successful technique for reconstruction of the IVC involved in disease or trauma.
High-molecular weight dextran in human infertility surgery.

The use of intraperitoneal 32% high-molecular weight dextran 70 (Hyskon, Pharmacia Inc.) has been reported to reduce the incidence of surgical adhesions in several species. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of 32% dextran 70 in human females who underwent major abdominal infertility operations. Adhesions were quantitated by means of standardized objective criteria in 44 women in a prospective, randomized, double-blind study, and reevaluated at second-look laparoscopy approximately 6 weeks later. The mean change in the adhesion score for all patients in the 32% dextran 70 group (n = 23) was -2.57 units (i.e., clinically "improved") versus +2.41 units (i.e., clinically "worsened") in the control group (n = 21), p = 0.016. For the subgroup of patients who underwent lysis of adhesions, the 32% dextran 70 group (n = 17) improved significantly, whereas the control group (n = 12) tended not to improve with careful technique alone (-4.2 units versus +0.3 unit, p less than 0.05). These data indicate that 32% dextran 70 not only significantly reduces the formation of adhesions overall in human infertility operations, but also is highly effective in reducing the reformation of adhesions after lysis.
Localization of functional sites on the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein of Sendai virus by sequence analysis of antigenic and temperature-sensitive mutants

Abstract To locate the various functions associated with the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein of Sendai virus in the primary structure of the protein, a temperature-sensitive ( ts ) mutant and seven antigenic mutants were sequenced. The ts mutant was defective in its ability to agglutinate erythrocytes and infect host cells, while its neuraminidase activity was normal. Its sequence revealed two closely spaced amino acid substitutions (residues 262 and 264) and one distant substitution (residue 461). Revertants could not be isolated, suggesting that more than one of the substitutions is responsible for the defective hemagglutinating activity. The antigenic mutants were selected with monoclonal antibodies that delineate four nonoverlapping antigenic sites (I–IV) and separately inhibit hemagglutinating, neuraminidase, and hemolysis activities. Mutants selected with antibodies to antigenic sites I–III were used to map these functions on the primary sequence of HN. Each antigenic mutant had a single point mutation in the HN gene that resulted in an amino acid substitution in the protein. A site II mutant selected with an antibody which inhibits hemolysin activity had a substitution at amino acid 420, while a mutant selected with antibody that inhibits only erythrocyte binding (site III) had a substitution at amino acid 541. Two antigenic mutants selected with an antibody that inhibits hemagglutination and neuraminidase activities (site I) had amino acid substitutions in close proximity (residues 277 and 279) to the two closely spaced substitutions of the is mutant. These findings suggest that the region defined by the ts mutant and these two antigenic mutants is involved in host cell binding. Antigenic mutants selected with another site I antibody had amino acid changes at residue 184, indicating that antigenic site I is discontinuous in the primary sequence. This antibody blocks only hemagglutination, but mutants selected with it had a decreased neuraminidase activity. This finding supports the idea that the neuraminidase site is close to, but distinct from, the hemagglutination site.
An Exploration of the Concept of Zhong in the Teachings of Confucianism

In the fifth year of the reign of Shaoxi [in the Song dynasty]—in other words, in the year 1194 A.D.—Zhu Xi (1130-1200) was returning to his home province after he had been relieved of his position at court as daizhi shijiang (junior court lecturer) when, in the eleventh month of that year he came to Yushan county in Jiangxi Province. The governor of the district invited Master Zhu to give a number of lectures at the local county (pari) school, and Master Zhu complied, discoursing on essential teachings in response to the questions that were raised by the students as well as in response to the lectures given by other scholars. At one point, the record says, the scholar Cheng Gong1 rose to ask the question: "Philosophers prior to the Three Ages only spoke about zhong (middle, or moderation) and ji (extreme, or ultimate); how come, then, that when it came to the time of the dialogues of those in the school of Confucius, everything seemed to revolve around the word ren (benevolence, or compassionate humanene...
Increased Prostaglandin Synthesis by Low Calcium-Regulated Keratinocytes

Abstract The effect of calcium concentration on the in vitro prostaglandin production by murine keratinocytes was studied using radioimmunoassay. Keratinocytes grown in low-calcium medium (0.02 mm) maintained intracellular calcium levels adequate for arachidonic acid metabolism and actually showed increased prostaglandin production. Baseline, unstimulated PGE 2 production was 4.5 times higher in cells growing in low- compared to normal-calcium (1.2 mm) medium ( p = 0.001). PGF 2α production was increased 2.5 times in the low-calcium cells ( p = 0.002). The calcium ionophore A23187 and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) exhibited differing calcium requirements for activation of the arachidonic acid pathway. A23187 ionophore stimulated prostaglandin synthesis only in cells growing in normal-calcium medium while TPA stimulated prostaglandin production by both low- and normal-calcium cells. Paradoxically, short-term exposure of low calcium-grown cells to normal-calcium medium abolished the TPA effect. These results suggested that calcium can control arachidonic acid metabolism at a number of regulatory points.
Nitroglycerin Stability in Polyethylene Glycol 400 and Povidone Solutions

The stability of solutions of nitroglycerin in several common pharmaceutical solvents and compounds used as tablet excipients was investigated using a UV spectrophoto metric assay. Included in the study were povidone (I), polyethylene glycol 400 (II), and solvents such as absolute alcohol, propylene glycol, and glycerol. At the elevatted temperatures of the accelerated stability studies, only II demonstrated a considerable adverse effect on the stability of the nitroglycerin solution. It is postulated that a "reaction compound" was formed between nitroglycerin and II which regenerated nitroglycerin depending on hydrolysis conditions. Based on the Arrhenius equation and with initial rates of up to 6 hr of degradation, the predicted stability for a II solution of nitroglycerin in terms of its 10% decomposition at 25 degrees was approximately 7 days.
Synthesis of MFe3S4 clusters containing a planar M(II) site (M = Ni, Pd, Pt), a structural element in the C-cluster of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase.

Synthesis of an analogue of the C-cluster of C. hydrogenoformans carbon monoxide dehydrogenase requires formation of a planar NiII site and attachment of an exo iron atom in the core unit NiFe4S5. The first objective has been achieved by two reactions: (i) displacement of Ph3P or ButNC at tetrahedral NiII sites of cubane-type [NiFe3S4]+ clusters with chelating diphosphines, and (ii) metal atom incorporation into a cuboidal [Fe3S4]0 cluster with a M0 reactant in the presence of bis(1,2-dimethylphosphino)ethane (dmpe). The isolated product clusters [(dmpe)MFe3S4(LS3)]2- (M = NiII (9), PdII (12), PtII (13); LS3 = 1,3,5-tris((4,6-dimethyl-3-mercaptophenyl)thio)-2,4,6-tris(p-tolylthio)benzene(3−)) contain the cores [MFe3(μ2-S*)(μ3-S)3]+ having planar MIIP2S2 sites and variable nonbonding M···S* distances of 2.6−3.4 A. Reaction (i) involves a tetrahedral → planar NiII structural change between isomeric cubane and cubanoid [NiFe3S4]+ cores. Based on the magnetic properties of 12 and earlier considerations, the ...
Social Mobility and Job Satisfaction: A Replication and Extension

A recent study hypothesizes that manual workers have limited career mobility expectations and thus evaluate their own positions in reference to the positions of fathers, brothers, and/or peers. The present paper presents a test of this hypothesis. It is found that middle-class persons do not use these social references. It is possible that manual workers with limited expectations do use their brothers as a reference point whereas those with high expectations do not. However, although workers' positions relative to their fathers' positions are associated with evaluation, this is true regardless of mobility expectations. Positions of workers in relation to their peers is not associated with evaluation regardless of mobility expectations. A mong the numerous correlates of job satisfaction found in previous research, social mobility has emerged as an important correlate of particular interest to sociologists. Some job satisfaction studies have focused upon career mnobility and related factors such as mobility perceptions, mobility expectations, and mobility aspirations. That job satisfaction is related to success in climbing the occupational hierarchy has been inferred from a number of studies reporting a direct relationship between occupational status and job satisfaction.1 That job satisfaction may be a consequence of actual mobility and related factors, such as aspirations, has also been supported by previous research.2 Other investigators have focused upon generational miobility and related factors.3 A recent investigation by Form and Geschwender, for example, suggests that among manual workers, generational mobility may be more closely associated with job satisfactioln than career
Resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy in lung cancer cell lines

A series of six lung cancer cell lines of different cell origin (including small cell and mesothelioma) were characterized immunohistochemically and the role of a series of protein candidates previously implicated in drug resistance were investigated. These include colony-forming and cell growth assays, immunohistochemistry, siRNA knockouts, real-time PCR and western blots. No correlation was found with AKT, HO-1, HO-2, GRP78, 14-3-3zeta and ERCC1 levels and cisplatin nor oxaliplatin cytotoxicity, but an association was observed with levels of the enzyme, dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (DDH); an enzyme previously implicated in the development of platinum resistance. The relationship appeared to hold true for those cell lines derived from lung epithelial primary tumors but not for the neuroendocrine/small-cell and mesothelioma cell lines. siRNA knockouts to DDH-1 and DDH-2 were prepared with the cell line exhibiting the greatest resistance to cisplatin (A549) resulting in marked decreases in the DDH isoforms as assessed by real-time PCR, western blot and enzymatic activity. The DDH-1 knockout was far more sensitive to cisplatin than the DDH-2 knockout. Thus, sensitivity to cisplatin appeared to be associated with DDH levels in epithelial lung cancer cell lines with the DDH-1 isoform producing the greatest effect. Results in keeping with transfection experiments with ovarian and other cell lines.
The complete sequence of Bacillus phage φ 29 gene 16: a protein required for the genome encapsidation reaction

Abstract We have sequenced the region of the Bacillus phage φ 29 genome that encodes gene 16, the gene product of which catalyzes the in vivo and in vitro genome-encapsidation reaction. The identity of the coding frame was confirmed by sequencing a sus mutant, sus 16(300). It is concluded that gene 16 encodes a 39-kDal protein and is comprised of 331 amino acids. Only 30 bp separates gene 16 from the last open reading frame of the right early region. Analysis of potential secondary structures in this region suggests that the same sequences may be involved in the termination of both the late and early transcripts.
Colonization of Tomato Plants by Salmonella enterica Is Cultivar Dependent, and Type 1 Trichomes Are Preferred Colonization Sites

Nontyphoid salmonellosis caused by Salmonella enterica is the most common bacterial food-borne illness in humans, and fresh produce, including tomatoes, is a common vehicle. Accumulating data indicate that human enteric pathogenic bacteria, including S. enterica, interact actively with plants. Tomato plants were inoculated with S. enterica to evaluate plausible contamination routes and to determine if the tomato cultivar affects S. enterica colonization. S. enterica population levels on tomato leaves were cultivar dependent. S. enterica levels on Solanum pimpinellifolium (West Virginia 700 [WVa700]) were lower than on S. lycopersicum cultivars. S. enterica preferentially colonized type 1 trichomes and rarely interacted with stomata, unlike what has been reported for cut lettuce leaves. Early S. enterica leaf colonization led to contamination of all fruit, with levels as high as 105 CFU per fruit. Reduced bacterial speck lesion formation correlated with reduced S. enterica populations in the phyllosphere. Tomato pedicels and calyxes also harbored large S. enterica populations following inoculation via contaminated water postharvest. WVa700 green fruit harbored significantly smaller S. enterica populations than did red fruit or S. lycopersicum fruit. We found that plants irrigated with contaminated water had larger S. enterica populations than plants grown from seeds planted in infested soil. However, both routes of contamination resulted in detectable S. enterica populations in the phyllosphere. Phyllosphere S. enterica populations pose a risk of fruit contamination and subsequent human disease. Restricting S. enterica phyllosphere populations may result in reduced fruit contamination. We have identified WVa700 as a tomato cultivar that can restrict S. enterica survival in the phyllosphere.
Interactions between small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles in formation of spliceosomes

Electrophoretic separation of ribonucleoprotein particles in a nondenaturing gel was used to analyze the splicing of mRNA precursors. Early in the reaction, a complex formed consisting of the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (snRNP) bound to sequences upstream of the 3' splice site. This complex is modeled as a precursor of a larger complex, the spliceosome, which contains U2, U4/6, and U5 snRNPs. Conversion of the U2 snRNP-precursor RNA complex to the spliceosome probably involves binding of a single multi-snRNP particle containing U4/6 and U5 snRNPs. The excised intron was released in a complex containing U5, U6, and probably U2 snRNPs. Surprisingly, U4 snRNP was not part of the intron-containing complex, suggesting that U4/6 snRNP disassembles and assembles during splicing. Subsequently, the reassembled U4/6 snRNP would associate with U5 snRNP and participate in de novo spliceosome formation. U1 snRNP was not detected in any of the splicing complexes.
Quantized Hamilton Dynamics

The paper describes the quantized Hamilton dynamics (QHD) approach that extends classical Hamiltonian dynamics and captures quantum effects, such as zero point energy, tunneling, decoherence, branching, and state-specific dynamics. The approximations are made by closures of the hierarchy of Heisenberg equations for quantum observables with the higher order observables decomposed into products of the lower order ones. The technique is applied to the vibrational energy exchange in a water molecule, the tunneling escape from a metastable state, the double-slit interference, the population transfer, dephasing and vibrational coherence transfer in a two-level system coupled to a phonon, and the scattering of a light particle off a surface phonon, where QHD is coupled to quantum mechanics in the Schrodinger representation. Generation of thermal ensembles in the extended space of QHD variables is discussed. QHD reduces to classical mechanics at the first order, closely resembles classical mechanics at the higher orders, and requires little computational effort, providing an efficient tool for treatment of the quantum effects in large systems.
Femtosecond laser-assisted sutureless anterior lamellar keratoplasty.

Purpose To report the technique and small case series results of femtosecond laser–assisted sutureless anterior lamellar keratoplasty (FALK) for anterior corneal pathology. Design Retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. Participants Twelve consecutive eyes from 12 patients with anterior corneal scarring. Intervention Femtosecond laser–assisted sutureless anterior lamellar keratoplasty. Main Outcome Measures Measured parameters included femtosecond laser settings, technique, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and complications. Results Mean follow-up was 12.7 months (range, 6–24). No intraoperative complications were found. Uncorrected visual acuity (VA) improved in 7 eyes (58.3%) compared with preoperative VA. The mean difference between preoperative and postoperative UCVAs was a gain of 2.5 lines (range, unchanged–7 lines). Best-corrected VA was unchanged or improved in all eyes compared with preoperative levels. The mean difference between preoperative and postoperative BCVAs was a gain of 3.8 lines (range, unchanged–8 lines). In 2 eyes, adjuvant surgical procedures were performed (one treated with phototherapeutic keratectomy and the other with photorefractive keratectomy). Six patients (50%) developed dry eye after FALK, which improved during the follow-up period. No graft rejection, infection, or epithelial ingrowth was found in this series of patients. Conclusions Femtosecond laser–assisted sutureless anterior lamellar keratoplasty could improve UCVA and BCVA in patients with anterior corneal pathology.
Spirituality and Disability: An Analysis of Select Themes

This paper is a thematic analysis of the literature regarding spirituality, which is applied to the understanding of spirituality and disability. Implications for occupational therapy practice are suggested. The themes of "connectedness" and "expressiveness" as aspects of spirituality were generated from both the occupational therapy literature and literature from other health professions. A definition of spirituality is proposed by the author for use by the profession of occupational therapy, as follows: experiencing a meaningful connection to our core selves, other humans, the world, and/or a greater power as expressed through our reflections, narratives, and actions. Persons with disabilities described a sense of disconnectedness to others, to the world, and to a greater power. They expressed their spirituality through actions to rectify that sense of disconnection. This study suggests that further research is warranted that explores the scope of spirituality in the lives of individuals with disabilities and how spirituality relates to the theoretical and philosophical realm of occupational therapy.
Properties of the Dialectical Behavior Therapy Ways of Coping Checklist in a Diagnostically Diverse Partial Hospital Sample.

Objective Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) was developed for treatment of borderline personality disorder (BPD), and adapted forms of DBT are currently used to treat bipolar disorder, eating disorders, anxiety, and depression. This study was designed to validate the Dialectical Behavior Therapy Ways of Coping Checklist (DBT-WCCL) DBT Skills subscale (DSS) for use in a diagnostically heterogeneous sample. Method We used naturalistic data from 228 patients receiving treatment at a partial hospital program to assess psychometric properties of the DBT-WCCL DSS. We assessed interitem correlations, internal consistency, factor structure, construct validity and sensitivity to change. Results Internal consistency, construct validity, and sensitivity to change were good. The measure displayed good convergent and discriminant validity. Factor analysis results were consistent with previous research indicating a 1-factor solution for this subscale. Conclusions Psychometric properties were similar to the original BPD sample, indicating that this measure can be used as an assessment tool for DBT skill use in a diverse psychiatric population.
Using brokers to determine North American Free Trade agreement truck origins and destinations at Texas-Mexico border

U.S.-Mexico trade continues to grow, much of it crossing into Texas, where bridges over the Rio Grande carry the vehicular and rail traffic. Currently, more than 70 percent of North American Free Trade Agreement U.S.-Mexico trade is by truck, and substantial delays and other social costs are a feature of border port-of-entry systems. New bridge locations are being proposed, and each site must be carefully evaluated to ensure that it is economically feasible. As part of this evaluation process, origin and destination surveys are used to determine bridge location and demand. Many of the truck trailers are moved by drayage companies or by drivers who have not brought the load from its origin or who will deliver it to the final destination. It is argued that surveys of these drivers are flawed and give limited data. A report is made on a method with which to interview and survey customs brokers to derive truck origin and destination data; this report was successfully employed at the Anzalduas International Br...
AIR TRAFFIC FLOW MANAGEMENT - COLLABORATIVE ROUTING COORDINATION TOOLS

This paper provides a comprehensive, high level view of research being conducted in air traffic flow management in the area of collaborative routing. The paper starts with a description of the operational issues for strategic management of air traffic in the en route airspace that lead to a need to develop decision support tools for collaborative routing. It describes the prototype Collaborative Routing Coordination Tools (CRCT) developed by the MITRE Corporation's Center for Advanced Aviation System Development (CAASD) to help the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA's) Traffic Flow Management (TFM) specialists deal with these issues. It discusses the results of the initial field evaluations conducted with the CRCT demonstration and evaluation prototype (hereafter referred to as the CRCT prototype) and describes the collaborative routing operational concept that has evolved in trial operations with the CRCT prototype. Finally, the ongoing technology transfer to incrementally implement the prototyped capabilities on the existing FAA's Traffic Flow Management Infrastructure, as well as the plans for further evaluations and future enhancements that are being researched and prototyped in the CAASD laboratories are discussed.
Divergent Projections of Catecholaminergic Neurons in the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract to Limbic Forebrain and Medullary Autonomic Brain Regions

The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is a critical structure involved in coordinating autonomic and visceral activities. Previous independent studies have demonstrated efferent projections from the NTS to the nucleus paragigantocellularis (PGi) and the central nucleus of the amygdala (CNA) in rat brain. To further characterize the neural circuitry originating from the NTS with postsynaptic targets in the amygdala and medullary autonomic targets, distinct green or red fluorescent latex microspheres were injected into the PGi and the CNA, respectively, of the same rat. Thirty-micron thick tissue sections through the lower brainstem and forebrain were collected. Every fourth section through the NTS region was processed for immunocytochemical detection of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a marker of catecholaminergic neurons. Retrogradely labeled neurons from the PGi or CNA were distributed throughout the rostro-caudal segments of the NTS. However, the majority of neurons containing both retrograde tracers were distributed within the caudal third of the NTS. Cell counts revealed that approximately 27% of neurons projecting to the CNA in the NTS sent collateralized projections to the PGi while approximately 16% of neurons projecting to the PGi sent collateralized projections to the CNA. Interestingly, more than half of the PGi and CNA-projecting neurons in the NTS expressed TH immunoreactivity. These data indicate that catecholaminergic neurons in the NTS are poised to simultaneously coordinate activities in limbic and medullary autonomic brain regions.
Accuracy, confidence, and calibration: how young children and adults assess credibility.

Do children and adults use the same cues to judge whether someone is a reliable source of information? In 4 experiments, we investigated whether children (ages 5 and 6) and adults used information regarding accuracy, confidence, and calibration (i.e., how well an informant’s confidence predicts the likelihood of being correct) to judge informants’ credibility. We found that both children and adults used information about confidence and accuracy to judge credibility; however, only adults used information about informants’ calibration. Adults discredited informants who exhibited poor calibration, but children did not. Requiring adult participants to complete a secondary task while evaluating informants’ credibility impaired their ability to make use of calibration information. Thus, children and adults may differ in how they infer credibility because of the cognitive demands of using calibration.
Issues Related to Research with Children What Counseling Psychologists Need to Know

Counseling psychology has traditionally neglected research and practice with children. This article focuses on ethical and practical issues in conducting research with child participants. Informed consent and assent, minimization of risk, and the use of deception are highlighted.
The Reliability and Factorial Purity of the Kerlinger-Kaya Attitude toward Education Scales

(1964). The Reliability and Factorial Purity of the Kerlinger-Kaya Attitude toward Education Scales. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 70, No. 2, pp. 363-368.