cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Concise History of Russia: Autocracy in Decline

The quarter of a century from the assassination of Alexander II until the 1905 Revolution was one of political stagnation. The response of the new government to the assassination was to stop the process of reform, to publicly affirm the necessity of autocracy, and to formulate plans for counter-reforms. The latter came to little, but the government took advantage of every possibility to block criticism, political discussion, and organization among the public. Though it returned to sponsoring economic development in the 1890s under Minister of Finance Sergei Witte, it refused to recognize the implications of the further modernization of society that resulted in part from its own measures. The increasing isolation of the government and its own internal lack of coordination led to the botched attempt at modern imperialism in Manchuria, an attempt resulting in a failed war with Japan that nearly brought down the monarchy. Alexander III had become the heir to the throne in 1865 on the death of his older brother. Alexander was already twenty at the time and the product of a rather narrow military education unlike that provided for his brother. In 1866 he married Princess Dagmar of Denmark (Mariia Fedorovna after her conversion to Orthodoxy), leading to a stable marriage with a woman of intelligence and extremely conservative views. The young heir was no intellectual, but he did come in contact with Slavophile ideas at court and through his tutor in jurisprudence, Konstantin Pobedonostev. Through the guards and other aristocrats he became friends with the conservative publicist (and the most prominent gay in the St. Petersburg aristocracy), Prince V. M. Meshcherskii. These were highly principled radical conservatives, with nothing but contempt for freedom of speech, democracy, and representative government, all of which they saw as shams and likely to lead to revolution. In their view what was needed was the unity of society and the monarch, which they saw as the essence of autocracy. By the 1870s they formed a powerful opposition to the more liberal ministers around Alexander II, powerful largely because of their association with the heir. As part of his attempt at balanced government, Tsar Alexander II appointed Pobedonostsev head of the Synod, a position he held for the next twenty-four years. After Alexander III came to the throne, Pobedonostsev used his position at the Synod to retain constant access to the tsar, offering him advice on all sorts of subjects well beyond the ecclesiastical issues under his purview. In the eyes of liberal society and many government officials, he had far too much power and influence, all of it in a conservative direction. “Prince of Darkness” was one of his milder nicknames.
Abstract 188: Isoform-specific AKT functions in thyroid carcinoma development

Mammalian cells contain three genes that encode three AKT isoforms (AKT1-3). The three genes have >85% sequence identity, and possess conserved threonine and serine residues that are critical for full activation. All AKT isoforms seem to have identical or similar substrate specificity, and it is not clear whether they possess different functional specificities in vivo. Using conditional, organ-specific isoform deletion in a model of PI3K-dependent neoplastic transformation and progression, we are dissecting the molecular and biological roles of AKT1 and AKT2. Thyroid-specific deletion of Pten (Pten thy-/− mice) results in thyroid hyperplasia at birth which then slowly progresses to solid nodular lesions and finally to invasive carcinomas. Simultaneous thyroid-specific deletion of Akt1 and/or Akt2 demonstrates that both AKT1 and AKT2 are necessary to confer proliferative ability to Pten −/- thyrocytes in an additive manner. However, with age, (Pten,Akt1) thy-/− mice have a significantly higher incidence of thyroid lesions compared to (Pten,Akt2) thy-/− mice. In addition, deletion of Akt2 is more effective than that of Akt1 to extend survival and reduce lesion aggressiveness in Pten thy-/− /Kras G12D mice. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses have revealed that AKT2 loss rescues most of the expression and activation changes induced, in vivo, by Pten deletion, while AKT1 loss has more restricted effects. Futhermore we have identified and are characterizing subsets of genes that are differentially regulated by AKT isoforms. These data point to the existence of dramatically different molecular pathways associated with each AKT isoform in the thyroid, and represent a strong rationale for the development of less toxic, more effective treatments based on isoform-specific inhibitors. Citation Format: Michela Ranieri, Antonio Di Cristofano. Isoform-specific AKT functions in thyroid carcinoma development. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 188.
Abstract 141: Incremental Prognostic Value Of Serial Health Status Measures For Ambulatory Patients With Heart Failure

Background: Existing heart failure (HF) risk models have only moderate performance for adverse outcomes. Whether serial health status measurements can improve risk stratification is unknown. Methods: In 2007 and again in 2008, we administered Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaires (KCCQ) to ambulatory Kaiser Permanente Colorado enrollees with a history of HF hospitalization between 2001 and 2007 who survived through 2008. The primary endpoint was hospitalization or death in the 6 months following the 2008 KCCQ administration. C-statistics, integrated discrimination indices (IDI), and net reclassification indices (NRI) were calculated; event rate thresholds for NRI were low (30%). Results: Survey response rates were 71% in 2007 and 69% in 2008, resulting in a cohort of 629 patients who completed both questionnaires, of which 153 experienced the endpoint. Mean age was 75 years, 51% were women, mean LVEF was 49%, and mean KCCQ score was 69. Compared with a base model using well accepted demographic and clinical covariates (Model 3, Table), the 2008 KCCQ score appropriately reclassified a large percentage of patients (NRI 13.0%). Adding the change in KCCQ did not further improve reclassification (NRI -3.0%). Conclusions: A recent measure of health status, added to traditional prognostic markers, significantly improved risk stratification among a broad ambulatory HF population. Although important patient-centered outcomes in their own right, temporal trends in health status did not further improve prognostication, as compared with the most recent health status assessment. Thus serial health status assessments provide an ‘up-to-date’ assessment of a patient’s prognoses by focusing on the latest values, rather than previous ones. ![Graphic][1] [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Effect of Ionic Presence on Chlorine Disinfection of Animal Viruses

Work by Scarpino in 1972 indicated that disinfection rates are affected by ionic presence. When disinfecting coxackievirus A9 with H0C1 at pH 6.0 in the presence of 0.05M KC1 the effect is to increase the disinfection rate 50 times. Disinfection of coxackievirus A9 at pH 10.0 shows that 0.05M KC1 increases the disinfection rate 10 times. This rate difference due to 0.05M KC1 between the two pH's may be due to the charge on the hypochlorite ion, the change of charge on the surface of the virion, or to a change in the chemical equilibrium of chlorine due to the pH. Studies with poliovirus 1 and 0.05M KC1 showed the same ion effect. When the disinfection of poliovirus 1 with hypochlorous acid (H0C1) was compared with the disinfection of E.coli, the E.coli was disinfected quicker than poliovirus 1. This relationship that viruses are more resistant than the fecal indicator organism E.coli is generally accepted. However, poliovirus 1 was more sensitive to hypochlorite ion (OCl−) than E. coli, when 0.05M KC1 was present in the buffer. Whereas the ion effect was present for coxsackievirus A9 and poliovirus 1, it was not present for E.coli. We have been pursuing this ion effect phenomenon using both chlorine and chloramines. To determine whether this ion effect was present with chloramines, similar tests were run using monochloramine (NH2C1) as the disinfectant. Again the effect held. That is, the presence of KC1 in the buffers increased the efficiency of the disinfectant. This ion-effect was dose dependent between 0.05M KC1 and 0.1M KC1, where the effect was greater with 0.1M KC1. The OCl− and NH2C1 studies were both run at pH 10.0 and at 5°C. Tests were then run to determine whether the effect held for dichloramine (NHC12) at pH 4.5. The ion-effect was present using dichloramine. However, the level of dichloramine dropped from 11.5 ppm to 6.5 ppm during the test. The chloramine loss may be due to the shift of equilibrium as represented by the following equation: ![Formula][1] With the formation of nitrogen tri-chloride (NC13) the ion-effect could be dissipated if the addition of KC1 was made at a different time. When the chlorine species was formed in the presence of KC1 the effect was present. When the KC1 was added to the already formed specie the effect was not present in the case of monochloramine and much reduced in the case of hypochlorous acid. Therefore, the time of the KC1 addition to the system was critical to the ion-effect phenomenon. [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
GENETIC CONTROL OF HUMAN SERUM DOPAMINE-β-HYDROXYLASE

Publisher Summary Dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH), the mixed function oxidase that catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine, is localized to catecholamine-containing vesicles in the adrenal medulla and in sympathetic nerves, and is released in direct proportion to the amount of catecholamines released from these structures. The development of a sensitive radiochemical assay procedure for the measurement of DBH activity made it possible to detect this enzyme in the blood of experimental animals and man. Serum DBH is biochemically and immunochemically similar to the enzyme found in sympathetic nerves and the adrenal medulla. Serum DBH activity is assayed as a measure of human sympathetic nervous system function. The results of these studies have been contradictory. An explanation for such contradictory results is a lack of information with regard to the relative importance of factors that regulate human serum DBH activity. These factors include age, environmental factors, and genetic factors. In man, serum DBH activity is age dependent.
Recent Results of Polarization in Inclusive Hyperon Production at Fermilab

The observation of substantial polarization of inclusively produced A hyperons at Fermilab established that spin is important at high energies. These studies continue and new results will be reported. The A polarization from hydrogen has been studied in detail to determine dependence on kinematic variables. Polarization from heavy targets has been measured for inclusively produced Ξ°, Ξ-, and Σ+ hyperons. A simple model of quark-antiquark pair production explains several features of the observed polarizations and will be discussed.
Chemotherapy-induced diarrhea in older patients with colorectal cancer receiving fluoropyrimidines: A retrospective review.

e14647 Background: Chemotherapy-induced diarrhea (CID) is a common treatment-limiting toxicity of regimens used for colorectal cancer (CRC). Fluoropyrimidines, the backbone of CRC regimens, are ass...
Neuropathology of Seizure Disorders

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate recurrent seizures. Pathologists may be called upon to evaluate brain tissue from patients with a ...
Designing Entrepreneurship Experiments: A Review, Typology, and Research Agenda

This article discusses the current and potential application of experimental methods to the study of entrepreneurship phenomena. Drawing on a review of experimental studies in entrepreneurship rese...
Bioinspired Programmable Polymer Gel Controlled by Swellable Guest Medium

Responsive materials with functions of forming three-dimensional (3D) origami and/or kirigami structures have a broad range of applications in bioelectronics, metamaterials, microrobotics, and microelectromechanical (MEMS) systems. To realize such functions, building blocks of actuating components usually possess localized inhomogeneity so that they respond differently to external stimuli. Previous fabrication strategies lie in localizing nonswellable or less-swellable guest components in their swellable host polymers to reduce swelling ability. Herein, inspired by ice plant seed capsules, we report an opposite strategy of implanting swellable guest medium inside nonswellable host polymers to locally enhance the swelling inhomogeneity. Specifically, we adopted a skinning effect induced surface polymerization combined with direct laser writing to control gradient of swellable cyclopentanone (CP) in both vertical and lateral directions of the nonswellable SU-8. For the first time, the laser direct writing w...
The Robustness of a Hierarchical Model for Multinomials and Contingency Tables

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the robustness of a hierarchical model for multinomial and contingency tables. Hierarchical Bayesian models can be used in a completely Bayesian manner or in a manner that has been called semi-, or pseudo-, or quasi Bayesian. In the latter case, the hyperparameters, or possibly the hyperhyperparameters, etc., are estimated by non-Bayesian methods, or at least by some not purely Bayesian method such as by maximum likelihood. In the so-called non-Bayesian statistics, the use of the Ockham-Duns razor is sometimes called the principle of parsimony, and it encourages one to avoid having more parameters than are necessary. In hierarchical Bayesian methods, one similarly uses a principle of parsimony or hyper-razor. There are at least two different ways to test a model. One is by means of significance tests after observations are made. Another is by examining the robustness of a model, that is, by seeing if small changes in the model lead to small changes in the implications. Tests for robustness can sometimes be carried out by the device of imaginary results before making observations. When calculating a Bayes factor F1, reasonable robustness with respect to the choice of hyperhyperparameters has also been found.
Innovation in small firms: Does family vs. non-family matter?

Small firms are the backbone of our economy. These firms need to innovate to thrive and compete. However, research on innovation in small firms, especially non-technology and less knowledge-intensive firms, is lacking. In this study, we explore antecedents of innovation in such firms. We build and test a theoretical model that links employee training, employee commitment, family employees, and emphasis on learning to innovation in small firms. We also argue that a small-firm owner’s perception about his firm being a family firm or a non-family firm will influence the relationship between predictors and firm innovation.
Mechanisms of Resistance to Drugs That Interfere with Microtubule Assembly

Patient relapse during or following chemotherapy is a complex problem that potentially involves suboptimal drug dosing, changes in pharmacokinetics, sequestration of cancer cells, and genetic changes in the tumor cells themselves. This review focuses on possible mechanisms of drug resistance caused by mutations in cancer cells, and critically discusses evidence from cell culture models in support of each of these mechanisms.
Forward-looking farmers owning multiple potential wetland restoration sites: implications for efficient restoration

Wetland restoration can increase the provision of multiple non-market ecosystem services. Environmental and socio-economic factors need to be accounted for when land is withdrawn from agriculture and wetlands are restored. We build multi-objective optimization models to provide decision support for wetland restoration in the Le Sueur river watershed in Southern Minnesota. We integrate environmental objectives of sediment reduction and habitat protection with socio-economic factors associated with the overlap of private land with potential wetland restoration sites in the watershed and the costs representing forward-looking farmers voluntarily taking land out of agricultural production in favor of wetland restoration. Our results demonstrate that the inclusion of these factors early on in the restoration planning process affects both the total costs of the restoration project and the spatial distribution of optimally selected wetland restoration sites.
Pathophysiology and Imaging Diagnosis of Demyelinating Disorders

The spectrum of “demyelinating disorders” is broad and it includes various disorders with central nervous system (CNS) demyelination[...]
Inflammatory Markers in Older Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes and the Effects of Weight Loss

The purpose of this study was to compare systemic inflammation in older women with a history of gestational diabetes (GDM) who developed impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or type 2 diabetes (T2DM) to that in those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and to determine, in these women, the effect of weight loss (WL) induced by diet and exercise training on systemic inflammation and adipokine levels. This was a longitudinal clinical investigation of overweight/obese (BMI: 32 ± 1 kg/m2) women (59 ± 1 years) with a GDM history (n = 19) who had normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n = 7) or IGT/T2DM (n = 12). Women completed 6 months of weight loss induced by diet and exercise and underwent VO2max, body composition, blood draw, glucose tolerance testing, and 2-hour hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps (40 mU·m-2·min-1). Glucose utilization (M) was 42% higher in the NGT group (P < 0.05). CRP was two-fold higher in the IGT/T2DM group than that in the NGT group (P < 0.01). Adiponectin levels were 59% higher in the NGT group than those in the IGT/T2DM group (P < 0.01). IL-6sR was higher in the NGT group (P < 0.01). The women lost body weight, body fat, visceral fat, and subcutaneous abdominal fat (P < 0.001). Fasting glucose (P < 0.05), fasting insulin, glucose, and insulin AUC decreased (all P < 0.005) after the intervention. M increased by 21% (P < 0.05). CRP (-16%) and TNFR1 (-6%) tended to decrease, whereas TNFα, IL-6, SAA, and adiponectin did not change in the group. In conclusion, older women with a history of GDM who have developed IGT or T2DM have higher CRP and reduced adiponectin levels despite similar BMI and total and abdominal obesity to those with NGT. Six months WL induced by diet and exercise improves body composition and increases insulin sensitivity without a significant modification of inflammatory markers and adiponectin levels.
Plastic Deformation of Ti-6Al-4V Plate over a Wide Range of Loading Conditions

Plastic deformation of Ti-6Al-4V plate stock is investigated under multiple loading conditions. The objective of the test program is to generate experimental data that can be used for the development and calibration of constitutive and failure models for numerical simulations of dynamic events. Uniaxial tension, compression and pure shear experiments are conducted at strain rates ranging from 1E-4 to 3,000 s−1. Specimens are fabricated from both 6.35 mm (0.25 in.) and 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) thick plate stock. Compression and tension tests are conducted on specimens oriented in several different directions within the plate. The data shows significant strain rate sensitivity in tension, compression and shear. Both plates exhibit anisotropic plastic deformation behavior in tension and compression. The response of 6.35 mm plate is significantly different than the 12.7 mm plate in tension, compression.
Pseudodifferential Operators of Several Variables and Baker Functions

The KP hierarchy consists of an infinite system of nonlinear partial differential equations and is determined by Lax equations, which can be constructed using pseudodifferential operators. The KP hierarchy and the associated Lax equations can be generalized by using pseudodifferential operators of several variables. We construct Baker functions associated to those generalized Lax equations of several variables and prove some of the properties satisfied by such functions.
Hemolymph Proteins Involved in the Cold Tolerance of Terrestrial Arthropods: Antifreeze and Ice Nucleator Proteins

Keeping an appropriate amount of body water in the liquid state is a major problem for terrestrial arthropods exposed to subzero temperatures. Freeze-susceptible species cannot survive even minimal ice formation in their body fluids and so must avoid freezing by producing antifreezes and/or removing ice nucleators. Even freeze-tolerant species survive freezing only if the ice is confined to the extracellular fluid. This extracellular freezing results in dehydration of the cells and thus major adaptations contributing to freeze tolerance, along with elimination of intracellular freezing (i.e., extracellular ice nucleators), are those concerned with combating low water availability. (For recent general reviews on this topic see Bale 1987; Baust and Rojas 1985; Cannon and Block 1988; Block 1990; Somme 1989; Storey and Storey 1988; Zachariassen 1985; Lee and Denlinger 1991).
Gradualist Approaches to Language Evolution

Many researchers have advocated a gradualist view of language evolution, and syntax in particular, although not necessarily natural selection, including, but certainly not limited to: Givon (e.g. 1979, 2002a, b, 2009), Pinker and Bloom (1990) (see Sect. 1.3); Newmeyer (1991, 1998, 2005), Gil (2005), Jackendoff (1999, 2002), Culicover and Jackendoff (2005), Tallerman(2014, 2016), Heine and Kuteva (2007), Hurford (2007, 2012), Jӓger (2007), Progovac (2008, 2009, 2015a, 2016) [the reader is also referred to the introductory chapter of Heine and Kuteva (2007) for a good characterization and classification of a variety of earlier approaches to language evolution; see also Tallerman and Gibson (2012)]. In this chapter I consider in some detail a selection of such gradualist approaches to language evolution, looking for points of contact, and for potential for synergy, among these approaches. For each approach, I consider how it addresses the Five Problems established in Chap. 1.
FW-PBIS Tiered Fidelity Inventory Tool for Use in 24/7 Delivery Models in Residential and Juvenile Justice Facilities: Process for Blending Researcher and Stakeholder Input

The Facility-wide Tiered Fidelity Inventory (FW-TFI) is a treatment fidelity tool used to evaluate implementation of positive behavior interventions and support (PBIS) framework systems, data, and ...
A Data-Driven Methodology for Dynamic Pricing and Demand Response in Electric Power Networks

Abstract The practice of disclosing price of electricity before consumption (dynamic pricing) is essential to promote aggregator-based demand response in smart and connected communities. However, both practitioners and researchers have expressed fear that wild fluctuations in demand response resulting from dynamic pricing may adversely affect the stability of both the network and the market. This paper presents a comprehensive methodology guided by a data-driven learning model to develop stable and coordinated strategies for both dynamic pricing as well as demand response. The methodology is designed to learn offline without interfering with network operations. Application of the methodology is demonstrated using simulation results from a sample 5-bus PJM network. Results show that it is possible to arrive at stable dynamic pricing and demand response strategies that can reduce cost to the consumers as well as improve network load balance.
Varicella zoster immune globulin (VARIZIG) administration up to 10 days after varicella exposure in pregnant women, immunocompromised participants, and infants: Varicella outcomes and safety results from a large, open-label, expanded-access program.

Introduction Despite vaccination, there were more than 100,000 annual cases of varicella in the United States in 2013–2014. Individuals at highest risk of developing severe or complicated varicella include immunocompromised people, preterm infants, and pregnant women. Varicella zoster immune globulin (human) (VARIZIG) is recommended by the CDC for postexposure prophylaxis to prevent or attenuate varicella-zoster virus infection in high-risk individuals. Contemporary information on administration of VARIZIG is limited. Methods This open-label, expanded-access program provided VARIZIG to physician-identified, high-risk participants exposed to varicella. Participants included immunocompromised children/adults, infants (preterm, newborns whose mothers had varicella onset within 5 days before or 2 days after delivery, and those aged 100 pox, pneumonia, or encephalitis) were assessed up to 42 days after administration. Results The varicella outcome population (n = 507) included 263 immunocompromised participants (32 adults, 231 children), 137 pregnant women, 105 infants, and 2 healthy adults with no history of varicella. Varicella incidence was 4.5% in immunocompromised participants, 7.3% in pregnant women, and 11.5% in infants. The incidence of varicella was similar when comparing VARIZIG administration ≤ 96 hours vs > 96 hours (up to 10 days) postexposure in the entire population (6.2% vs. 9.4%, respectively), and also in each subgroup. Of 34 participants with varicella, 5 developed > 100 pox and 1 developed pneumonia and encephalitis. There were no product-related deaths and only 1 serious adverse event (serum sickness) considered probably related to VARIZIG. Conclusion Postexposure administration of VARIZIG was associated with low rates of varicella in high-risk participants, regardless of when administered within 10 days postexposure. VARIZIG was well-tolerated and safe in high-risk participants.
Long-term change in habitat and vegetation in an ungrazed, estuarine salt marsh: Man-made foreland compared to young marsh development

Abstract Clay-rich salt marshes of mesotidal Wadden Sea coasts and of estuaries have been established mainly within artificial sedimentation fields in front of embankments. Natural salt marsh formation and natural range expansion outside artificial structures were rare. In the last three decades of this century natural marshes along the southern Wadden Sea coast of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, started to grow outside groyne fields and extended on tidal mudflats. This growth happened without direct human influence and naturally structured marshes of considerable spatial dimension evolved. Due to a spread in recent decades, natural grown marshes in our study area – southern Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea coast - are younger than man-made marshes. Vegetation developed rapidly in response to fine-scaled geomorphological conditions. Meandering creeks and different surface elevation ranges of the developing natural salt marsh are special features. The naturally grown marshes show a high proportion of pioneer vegetation with Spartina anglica and Salicornia europaea. Succession proceeds fast and elevated parts of the marsh were rapidly colonised with marsh vegetation of Puccinellia maritima and Aster tripolium in the lower marsh to late successional stages, like Halimione portulacoides and Elymus athericus, on the higher elevated parts. Strikingly, median elevations of the vegetation zones in the natural marsh were several centimetres lower than those of the man-made marsh. The largest difference between both marsh types was the characteristic and the extent of drainage systems. Naturally grown marshes have a natural developed, fine-branched and four times shorter drainage system than man-made marshes with a dense drainage structure.
A Dual-Output Reconfigurable Shared-Inductor Boost-Converter/Current-Mode Inductive Power Management ASIC With 750% Extended Output-Power Range, Adaptive Switching Control, and Voltage-Power Regulation

This paper describes a dual-output, reconfigurable integrated power management (IPM) ASIC for inductive power delivery. The proposed ASIC operates either as a current-mode (CM) rectifier or a boost converter by sharing the receiver (Rx) coil $(L_{Rx})$ to improve performance of inductive power transmission against the variations of Rx input power $(P_{Rx})$ and dual-output DC power $(P_{L}+ P_{Hv})$ . Conventional IPM structures either fail to generate regulated outputs (e.g., $V_{L}$ and $V_{Hv}$ ) when the required $P_{L}+ P_{Hv}$ exceeds $P_{Rx}$ or suffer from low power-conversion efficiency (PCE) when $P_{Rx}$ exceeds $P_{L}+ P_{Hv}$ due to voltage regulation and protection. To overcome these challenges, the proposed ASIC offers the unique capabilities of 1) generating multiple regulated outputs $(V_{L}= \text{2.6}\,\text{V},\,V_{Hv}= \text{3.9}\,\text{V})$ directly from $L_{Rx}$ with single-stage conversion, 2) efficient CM operation with active rectification, enabled by adaptive switching control (ASC), 3) charging a large capacitor ( $C_{S}$ ) with the purpose of operating as a shared-inductor boost converter (SBC), transferring energy from $C_{S}$ to $C_{L}$ and $C_{Hv}$ , when $P_{Rx} , and 4) efficient voltage-power regulation (VPR). A proof-of-concept chip was fabricated in a 0.35-μm 2P4M standard CMOS process occupying 1.35-mm2 active area. In measurements, the proposed ASIC was able to successfully provide regulated $V_{L}= \text{2.6}\,\text{V}$ and $V_{Hv}= \text{3.9}\,\text{V}$ despite significant variations in $P_{Rx}$ , $P_{L}$ , and $P_{Hv}$ . Moreover, the chip extended the peak output power range by 750% and improved the PCE by 1.3 times and 8.1 times thanks to the ASC and VPR, respectively.
The Safe Management of Acne Vulgaris in Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Review with Evidence-Based Treatment Recommendations

To date, there have been no studies that have specifically investigated which medications can and cannot be safely used to treat acne vulgaris in patients who have lupus erythematosus (LE). These patients require a highly individualized treatment approach, as the use of certain acne medications may exacerbate LE symptomology, such as photosensitivity and hypercoagulability. In this systematic review, we examine safety outcomes associated with commonly prescribed oral acne medications, specifically in the context of LE. A literature search, conducted on PubMed/MEDLINE, revealed 146 studies, of which 13 met the criteria. We assigned a level of evidence to each study and sought to determine evidence-based recommendations for each class of drug; each recommendation was then assigned a corresponding grade. There were very few high-quality studies available on this topic. Although we determined recommendations based on the existing literature, the grading was occasionally unfavorable due to the low-quality nature of the evidence supporting the recommendation. However, our recommendation against the use of combined oral contraceptive pills and in favor of spironolactone for the treatment of acne, in the setting of LE, received a satisfactory grading (grade A). While no definitive recommendations for the treatment of acne in LE can be made based on the existing quality and quantity of studies available, this article aims to provide a comprehensive overview and analysis of oral acne medication safety in patients with LE, while emphasizing the immense need for higher quality studies and distinct acne treatment guidelines for this vulnerable patient population.
Novel Biclustering Methods for Re-ordering Data Matrices

Clustering of large-scale data sets is an important technique that is used for analysis in a variety of fields. However, a number of these methods are based on heuristics for the identification of the best arrangement of data points. In this chapter, we present rigorous clustering methods based on the iterative optimal re-ordering of data matrices. Distinct Mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) models have been implemented to carry out clustering of dense data matrices (such as gene expression data) and sparse data matrices (such as drug discovery and toxicology). We present the capability of the optimal re-ordering methods on a wide array of data sets from systems biology, molecular discovery and toxicology.
The Abstract Slave: Anti-Blackness and Marx's Method

“The Abstract Slave: Anti-Blackness and Marx's Method” presents an immanent critique of the Marxist value-form. While Marx could historically think the empirical reality of slavery appearing together with capitalism, the value-form theoretically unthinks the significance of the conjuncture slavery and capitalism. Even with attempts to recuperate Marxism from some of the errors of evolutionism, the content and form of slavery is not usually up for debate, only the status of its interaction with capitalist circuits (a rearrangement of difference within unity). Mirroring the Marxist methodology of rising from the “abstract” to the “concrete,” this article moves to substitute the abstraction of labor with that of slavery and closes by restaging the concrete development of “real subsumption” through the problem of abolition. Such a substitution deconstructs Marx's method by situating slavery's transposition to brute force (and race's reduction to false consciousness) as the productive source of the capitalist form of value.
Catalytic Adipic Acid Production on Zeolites from Biomass-Derived Tetrahydrofuran-2,5-dicarboxylic Acid

Adipic acid (AA) is an important precursor for the production of Nylon-66, and renewable routes for AA are being explored. Previously we have shown the use of HI and molecular H2 to be an effective...
Psychosocial and Physiologic Characteristics of Patients with Non-epileptic Events: A Retrospective Study.

Background The main focus of this study is to aid early identification of psychogenic non-epileptic seizure (PNES) patients by identifying physical and psychosocial characteristics to reduce the health care burden, to reduce the unnecessary use of anti-epileptic medications and their side effects, and maximizing cost-effective use of video electroencephalography (VEEG). Methods We analyzed PNES subject data from VEEG monitoring performed at the Epilepsy Center at the Marshall University School of Medicine. We reviewed more than 360 episodes in 54 subjects older than 18 years (mean age ± standard deviation (SD): 48 ± 12.97 years; 83% female). Results We found that most of our PNES patients were older than 45 years of age (66.7%), females (83.3%); obese (66.6%) or overweight (18.5%); either single (33.3%), separated (7.4%), divorced (22.2%), or widowed (14.8%); of low education, unemployed (either received government assistance (83.3%) or disability benefits (57.4%)) with associated physical illness (85.2%) and psychiatric illness (96.3%). Conclusion Our study adds to the current knowledge of the sociodemographic and sociocultural variability of PNES. It might enable early diagnosis and management of patients with PNES.
Higher levels of stress and different coping strategies are associated with greater morning and evening fatigue severity in oncology patients receiving chemotherapy

A cancer diagnosis and associated treatments are stressful experiences for most patients. Patients’ perceptions of stress and their use of coping strategies may influence fatigue severity. This study extends our previous work describing distinct profiles of morning (i.e., Very Low, Low, High, and Very High) and evening (i.e., Low, Moderate, High, and Very High) fatigue in oncology patients by evaluating for differences in stress and coping strategies among these fatigue classes. This longitudinal study evaluated for changes in morning and evening fatigue in oncology patients (n = 1332) over two cycles of chemotherapy (CTX). Patients completed measures of cumulative exposure to stressful life events (SLEs) (i.e., the Life Stressor Checklist-Revised), general stress (i.e., Perceived Stress Scale [PSS]), cancer-specific stress (i.e., Impact of Event Scale-Revised [IES-R]), and coping strategies (i.e., Brief Cope). Differences among the latent classes were evaluated using analyses of variance, Kruskal-Wallis, or chi-square tests. Patients in both the Very High morning and evening fatigue classes reported higher numbers of and a higher impact from previous SLEs and higher PSS scores than the other fatigue classes. The IES-R scores for the Very High morning fatigue class met the criterion for subsyndromal PTSD. Patients in the Very High evening fatigue class used a higher number of engagement coping strategies compared with the Very High morning fatigue class. Our findings suggest that interventions to reduce stress and enhance coping warrant investigation to decrease fatigue in patients undergoing CTX.
Deployment-quality and Accessible Solutions for Cryptography Code Development

Cryptographic API misuses seriously threatens software security. Automatic screening of cryptographic misuse vulnerabilities has been a popular and important line of research over the years. However, the vision of producing a scalable detection tool that developers can routinely use to screen millions of line of code has not been achieved yet. Our main technical goal is to attain a high precision and high throughput approach based on specialized program analysis. Specifically, we design inter-procedural program slicing on top of a new on-demand flow-, context- and field- sensitive data flow analysis. Our current prototype named CryptoGuard can detect a wide range of Java cryptographic API misuses with a precision of 98.61%, when evaluated on 46 complex Apache Software Foundation projects (including, Spark, Ranger, and Ofbiz). Our evaluation on 6,181 Android apps also generated many security insights. We created a comprehensive benchmark named CryptoApi-Bench with 40-unit basic cases and 131-unit advanced cases for in-depth comparison with leading solutions (e.g., SpotBugs, CrySL, Coverity). To make CryptoGuard widely accessible, we are in the process of integrating CryptoGuard with the Software Assurance Marketplace (SWAMP). SWAMP is a popular no-cost service for continuous software assurance and static code analysis.
Connecting particle interactions to agglomerate morphology and rheology of boehmite nanocrystal suspensions

Abstract Hypothesis The rheology of complex suspensions, such as nuclear waste slurries at the Hanford and Savannah River sites, imposes significant challenges on industrial-scale processing. Investigating the rheology and connecting it to the agglomerate morphology and underlying particle interactions in slurries will provide important fundamental knowledge, as well as prescriptive data for practical applications. Here, we use suspensions of nano-scale aluminum oxyhydroxide minerals in the form of boehmite as an analog of the radioactive waste slurry to investigate the correlation between particle interactions, agglomerate morphology, and slurry rheology. Experiments A combination of Couette rheometry and small-angle scattering techniques (independently and simultaneously) were used to understand how agglomerate structure of slurry changes under flow and how these structural changes manifest themselves in the bulk rheology of the suspensions. Findings Our experiments show that the boehmite slurries are thixotropic, with the rheology and structure of the suspensions changing with increasing exposure to flow. In the slurries, particle agglomerates begin as loose, system-spanning clusters, but exposure to moderate shear rates causes the agglomerates to irreversibly consolidate into denser clusters of finite size. The structural changes directly influence the rheological properties of the slurries such as viscosity and viscoelasticity. Our study shows that solution pH affects the amount of structural rearrangement and the kinetics of the rearrangement process, with an increase in pH leading to faster and more dramatic changes in bulk rheology, which can be understood via correlations between particle interactions and the strength of particle network. Nearly identical structural changes were also observed in Poiseuille flow geometries, implying that the observed changes are relevant in pipe flow as well.
Choosing Inpatient vs Home Treatment: Why Patients Accept or Decline Hospital at Home

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Hospital at home (HaH) provides interdisciplinary acute care in the home as a substitute for inpatient hospitalization. Studies have demonstrated that HaH care is associated with better quality care, fewer complications, and better patient and caregiver experience. Still, some patients decline HaH. The objective of the study was to characterize patients who accept vs decline HaH care and describe reasons for their decisions in the context of a Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation demonstration of HaH. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS A total of 442 patients with Medicare or other eligible insurance, 18 years or older, who met study eligibility criteria were offered HaH at Mount Sinai Hospitals in New York, NY, between September 1, 2014, and August 31, 2017. MEASUREMENTS Reasons for accepting or declining HaH were recorded. Age, sex, insurance type, and admission diagnoses of HaH acceptors and refusers were compared in univariate analyses. RESULTS Of the 442 patients offered HaH, 66.7% accepted. Main reasons for enrolling in HaH included being more comfortable at home (78.2%) and being near family (40.7%). Specific reasons given for refusing HaH included preferring in-hospital care (15.0%) and concern that HaH would not meet care needs (12.9%). CONCLUSION Two-thirds of patients offered HaH care opted to receive it. The reasons for declining HaH provided by those who chose not to participate should be considered for quality improvement, and reasons for acceptance may be helpful in marketing and other efforts to promote HaH participation. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1579-1583, 2020.
The Future of Human Activity Recognition: Deep Learning or Feature Engineering?

A significant gap exists in our knowledge of how domain-specific feature extraction compares to unsupervised feature learning in the latent space of a deep neural network for a range of temporal applications including human activity recognition (HAR). This paper aims to address this gap specifically for fall detection and motion recognition using acceleration data. To ensure reproducibility, we use a publicly available dataset, UniMiB-SHAR, with a well-established history in the HAR literature. We methodically analyze the performance of 64 different combinations of (i) learning representations (in the form of raw temporal data or extracted features), (ii) traditional and modern classifiers with different topologies on (iii) both binary (fall detection) and multi-class (daily activities of living) datasets. We report and discuss our findings and conclude that while feature engineering may still be competitive for HAR, trainable front-ends of modern deep learning algorithms can benefit from raw temporal data especially in large quantities. In fact, this paper claims state-of-the-art where we significantly outperform the most recent literature on this dataset in both activity recognition (88.41% vs. 98.02%) and fall detection (98.71% vs. 99.82%) using raw temporal input.
Antibody Nanocarriers for Cancer Management.

Abstract Antibodies are extremely valuable tools in modern medicine owing to their ability to target diseased cells through selective antigen binding and thereby regulate cellular signaling or inhibit cell–cell interactions with high specificity. However, the therapeutic utility of freely delivered antibodies is limited by high production costs, low efficacy, dose-limiting toxicities, and the inability to cross the cellular membrane (which hinders antibodies against intracellular targets). To overcome these limitations, researchers have begun to develop nanocarriers that can improve antibodies’ delivery efficiency, safety profile, and clinical potential. This review summarizes recent advances in the design and implementation of nanocarriers for extracellular or intracellular antibody delivery, emphasizing important design considerations, and points to future directions for the field.
‘I Have the Right’: Examining the Role of Children in the #DimeLaVerdad Campaign

The Colombian armed conflict is one of the longest ongoing conflicts in the world, lasting for over half a century and with more than 9 million victims of which, 2.5 million are children under 18. This chapter provides an analysis of the roles given to children as rights holders as well as the representation of a ‘post-accord childhood’ in the Colombian context by the Colombian Truth Commission during its first-year mandate. It pays special attention to two particular social media campaigns, #DimeLaVerdad (tell me the truth) and #NuncaMasNinosYNinasEnLaGuerra (never again, boys and girls in war). The social media platforms used by the Commission were Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube. To analyze the roles of children as rights holders and the representation of childhood in the campaign, I carried out a qualitative content analysis of the videos created for both campaigns. The chapter elucidates the intricacies regarding children's participation in post-conflict contexts as citizens in the making, vulnerable victims, and active political subjects that need to be not only repaired but, on some occasions, also held accountable.
Anderweitige bakteriologische Untersuchungen

Mit der Entdeckung der Typhusbazillen im Jahre 1880 war die Stellung der Typhusdiagnose auf neue Bahnen geleitet worden. Die richtige Erkenntnis von der Entstehung und Ubertragung dieser Krankheit eroffnete der bakteriologischen Forschung ein weites Feld der Tatigkeit. Als es weiter gelang, das Verfahren des Typhusbazillennachweises wesentlich zu verbessern und dadurch eine raschere und sicherere Diagnosenstellung zu ermoglichen, wurde es den behandelnden Arzten durch die Tatigkeit der bakteriologischen Untersuchungsanstalten verhaltnismasig leicht gemacht, aus dem klinischen Wechselbilde des Typhus diesen sicher herauszufinden und die weiteren zweckmasigen Schritte zu unternehmen. Es war deshalb nicht zu verwundern, wenn es alsbald einem grosen Teile der praktischen Arzte ein Bedurfnis wurde, auch zur Diagnosenstellung anderer Infektionskrankheiten die Hilfe der Anstalten in Anspruch zu nehmen, zunachst bezuglich des Nachweises von Tuberkelbazillen im Auswurf; es folgten dann alsbald andere Untersuchungen der verschiedensten Art. Dies veranlaste die Bakteriologische Untersuchungsanstalt Saarbrucken im Jahre 1906 zu einem Rundschreiben an samtliche Arzte ihres Tatigkeitsgebiets des Inhalts, das die Anstalt bakteriologische Untersuchungen jeder Art fur die Arzte unentgeltlich auszufuhren bereit sei. Auch mundlich wurde diese Aufforderung in Arztevereinen mehrfach verkundet. In den Bezirken der beiden bayerischen Anstalten Landau und Kaiserslautern wurde in ahnlicher Weise verfahren. Die Station Landau erhielt infolgedessen sogar aus dem rechtsrheinischen Bayern zahlreiche Objekte zur Untersuchung zugesandt. Solche mehrten sich nun an allen Anstalten von Jahr zu Jahr, woruber die folgende Zusammenstellung (S. 579 u. 580) eine Ubersicht gewahrt.
Emotion, Pain, and Physical Illness

Leventhal and Everhart make it quite clear that pain and the emotions associated with it play a significant part in the development and well-being of the physical and social self. Their emphasis is on the contribution of emotions to the subjective experience of pain, and the explanatory model that has been developed by Leventhal and his colleagues pushes back the frontier of research on pain and pain-emotion-cognition interactions.
O I concentration in Comet Halley

The present 200-mA spectral resolution and 1-inch spatial resolution long-slit spectra centered on Comet Halley's nucleus show an emission feature at the 5577 A wavelength of the green O I line whose spatial variation is very similar to that of the O I 6300-A line, but not the C2 bandhead nearby. On the assumption that the cometary O I 5577 A feature should share the cometary O I 6300-A line's spatial distribution, the 5577-A feature becomes at least partly attributable to oxygen; the ratio of the 6300-A line to the 5577-A line is then of the order of 10:1, which is consistent with the Festou and Feldman (1981) model in which water is the parent for the O I concentration features.