cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3523: Discovery of a novel BET inhibitor INCB054329

Bromodomains (BD) are protein modules that bind acetylated lysine residues and are components of many epigenetic modifiers and transcription factors. The BET (Bromodomain and extra-terminal) family is composed of four members each harboring two tandem BDs. BET proteins are critical regulators of transcription through interactions with complexes including Mediator and p-TEFb at gene promoter and enhancer elements. Studies using genetic knockdown and small molecule inhibitors have demonstrated that targeting BET proteins is therapeutic in models of cancer and acute inflammation. We describe the preclinical activity of a novel BET inhibitor INCB054329 for the potential treatment of malignant diseases. INCB054329 inhibited binding of BRD2, BRD3 and BRD4 to an acetylated histone H4 peptide with low nanomolar potency. In myeloma cell lines, treatment with INCB054329 inhibited expression of c-MYC and induced HEXIM1. The majority of myeloma, AML, and lymphoma cell lines tested were growth inhibited by INCB054329 with potencies less than 200 nM. Selectivity was seen when compared with nontransformed cells as the potency for growth inhibition of IL-2 stimulated T-cells from normal donors was greater than 1300 nM. Cell cycle analysis revealed treatment-induced G1 arrest. Furthermore in both AML and lymphoma cell lines, INCB054329 induced apoptosis consistent with increased expression of pro-apoptotic regulators. In vivo, oral administration of INCB054329 inhibited tumor growth in several models of hematologic cancers. In the MM1.S multiple myeloma xenograft model, inhibition of tumor growth was correlated with reduction of c-MYC levels. PK-PD analysis showed c-MYC suppression was associated with an IC50 value of less than 100 nM in vivo. In summary these studies demonstrate that INCB054329 is a potent inhibitor of BET transcriptional regulators in models of hematologic malignancies in vitro and in vivo and support its clinical development for the treatment of cancer. Citation Format: Phillip CC Liu, Xuesong Mike Liu, Matthew C. Stubbs, Thomas Maduskuie, Richard Sparks, Nina Zolotarjova, Jun Li, Xiaoming Wen, Margaret Favata, Patricia Feldman, Alla Volgina, Darlise DiMatteo, Robert Collins, Nikoo Falahatpisheh, Padmaja Polam, Yu Li, Maryanne Covington, Sharon Diamond-Fosbenner, Richard Wynn, Timothy Burn, Kris Vaddi, Swamy Yeleswaram, Andrew P. Combs, Wenqing Yao, Reid Huber, Peggy Scherle, Gregory Hollis. Discovery of a novel BET inhibitor INCB054329. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3523. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3523
Explore eye movement patterns in search result evaluation and individual document evaluation

This study aims to explore users' eye movement patterns in their evaluation of search results and the corresponding individual webpages. Eye-tracking logs, questionnaires, and interviews were applied to collect data. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and social network analysis were utilized in data analysis. Two transition networks for search result evaluation and individual document evaluation were obtained by social network analysis tool. The findings show that in search result evaluations, participants examined abstract, title and URL the most among all the elements, while in individual document evaluation, full text was examined the most. The transition networks further indicates the most frequent transition action is shifting from title to abstract. For individual document evaluation. The findings will help the enhancement of interface design of search result pages and individual document pages in order to promote search effectiveness and efficiency.
Back into the Shadow

The torrent of public verdicts that cascaded over the d'Hautevilles made it clear just how momentous had been Gonzalve's decision to fight for Frederick by going to law. Not only had their problems been retold so many times that Gonzalve and Ellen became stock players in countless family law morality plays, but the trial had been a transformative legal event for both of them. It had been, using Wilhelm Dilthey's critical distinction, not mere “experience” but “ an experience.” Unlike commonplace, unstructured events that are accepted and endured without major alterations in a person's life, the trial stood apart as a distinct and formative event for both Ellen and Gonzalve. Like their marriage and Frederick's birth, it had transformed their lives. Unlike those events, however, the trial had primarily been a legal experience. As such, it became the d'Hautevilles’ most important lesson in law. Struggling to comes to terms with their trial experience, Ellen and Gonzalve had to confront the reality that the verdict of the Philadelphia Court of General Sessions had not ended their encounters with the law. On the contrary, recourse to the courtroom condemned them to remain in its shadow until Frederick became an adult. Instead of a single experience in a Philadelphia courtroom, the law had become a permanent reality of their lives. Cast into this legal purgatory, each parent had to continue playing the part scripted for them in their courtroom stories.
Known Unknowns: How Philosophy Has Responded to Fear of the Post-9/11 World

Can a field as unhistorical as philosophy say anything worthwhile about 9/11, which has been described as not merely historic but world-historical? Giovanna Borradori raises this question in the introduction to her book of interviews, conducted only weeks after the event, with philosophers Jurgen Habermas and Jacques Derrida. As she notes, even Aristotle suggests that philosophizing is out of place in such times.2 He calls poetry more philosophical than history, because it makes universal claims about “what such or such a kind of man will probably or necessarily say or do,” while history makes particular ones about “what, say, Alcibiades did or had done to him.”3 The sense that 9/11 was in some way unprecedented—the sense that “everything changed” on that date—certainly makes this view attractive; but, historians being quite as capable as poets or philosophers of making generalizations, it cannot be entirely correct. Borradori turns to G. W. F. Hegel, who coined the notion of a world-historical event, to prove that “nothing is more philosophical than history.”4 Even did this not strike me as an overstatement, I would venture that one can explain the differences and the similarities between the philosophical and the historical approaches without recourse to Hegel’s enigmatic and controversial theories. When one considers the ends of the disciplines of philosophy and history, the relevance of philosophical reflection to events—world-historical or otherwise—comes into focus.
Primate Communication in the 1980s: Summary of the Satellite Symposium on Primate Communication

More than 15 years have passed since the last major symposium on primate communication was held (Altmann 1967). At that first symposium primate communication was in its infancy; the techniques for the analysis of communication were just beginning to be developed and had not been widely applied to primate species. In fact of the 17 papers in the Altmann volume only 5 dealt with the actual structure of communication; the remaining 12 dealt with reproductive behavior, agonistic behavior, and social dynamics.
FDTD implemention of current controlled voltage source

In this paper the implementation of a current controlled voltage source (CCVS) in full-wave electromagnetic simulation using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) is introduced. This new approach is verified with numerical examples including circuits with CCVS. Good agreement is obtained when the results of the developed FDTD code are compared with those based on analytical solution.
Excitation Mechanisms in Vibrational Spectroscopy of Molecules on Surfaces

Today it is possible to answer questions concerning the details, on an atomic scale, of the bonding of atoms and molecules to solid surfaces, that were not even realistically being asked 15 years ago. The existence of this four-volume series on “Methods of Surface Characterization” stands as a testament to this incredible progress.
Developing Research-Based Undergraduate Microbiology Curricula: Redesigning undergraduate microbiology courses will better enable students to understand and solve problems within this discipline

Despite being an important part of the mission for colleges and universities, teaching is often given short shrift. Designing courses is particularly challenging for new faculty members, who often get little training as graduate students or postdoctoral fellows on how to design or teach courses. Increasing diversity in classrooms, large class sizes, and the fast pace of scientific discoveries serve to make teaching even more challenging. In addition, academic rewards, including promotions, salary increases, and tenure, tend not to credit faculty members for their effective and innovative teaching skills, putting further time constraints on them as they balance research, teaching, and service demands.
HIV and mycobacteria

The importance of mycobacteria as opportunistic pathogens, particularly members of the M. avium complex (MAC), in patients with progressive HIV infection was recognized early in the AIDS epidemic. It took longer to appreciate the global impact and devastation that would result from the deadly synergy that exists between HIV and M. tuberculosis. This HIV/M. tuberculosis co-pandemic is ongoing and claiming millions of lives every year. In addition to MAC, a number of other non-tuberculous mycobacteria have been recognized as opportunistic pathogens in HIV-infected individuals; some of these are more commonly encountered (e.g., M. kansasii) than others (M. haemophilum and M. genevense). Finally, there are challenges to concomitantly treating the HIV and the infecting Mycobacterium species, because of antimicrobial resistance, therapeutic side-effects and the complex pharmacologic interactions of the antiretroviral and antimycobacterial multidrug therapy.
An Authentication Mechanism for Accessing Mobile Web Services

Port knocking is a method of externally opening ports on a firewall by generating a connection attempt on a set of prespecified closed ports in order to prevent attackers from discovering and exploiting potentially vulnerable services on a network host while allowing authenticated users to access these services [19]. We extend the implementations of secure port knocking systems from traditional servers and desktop clients to mobile client/server applications as an authentication technique to securely protect resources hosted by mobile servers. More specifically, our research objective primarily focuses on developing a secure authentication framework, utilizing secure port knocking techniques coupled with Open Authorization (OAuth) standard, for accessing smart mobile devices while acting as Web service providers/hosts that are located behind and protected by the Internet Service Provider (ISP) perimeter firewall; that way the mobile clients have to be authenticated by two different authentication mechanisms/layers that are independent from each other before these clients are granted access to the protected resources.
The Policy and Political Environment of Family Caregiving: A Glass Half Full

This chapter briefly reviews the evolution and current status of US family care-giver policy from 1990 to 2013 in several areas, including employment leave, respite and other supports and services to relieve the burden of caregiving, as well as cash benefits and tax policies designed to reduce the financial drain related to family care provision. Despite notable policy advances, economic concerns and political forces have restrained policy makers’ willingness to provide greater support. Stronger evidence that investments in family caregiving yield savings in public spending, as well as increasing numbers of politicians having personal experiences in family caregiving, may help to raise public policy support for family caregivers in the future.
Impact of Cement Hydration on Durability of Cellulosic Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composites in the Presence of Metakaolin

Degradation of cellulosic fiber in the alkaline environment of concrete generated in the process of cement hydration is the primary reason for the low durability of such composites. However, the impact of cement hydration on cellulosic fiber's degradation in cementitious systems has not been thoroughly understood. This paper presents the dependence of deterioration behavior of cellulosic fiber-cement systems on cement hydration in the presence of metakaolin. Experimental investigations, such as isothermal calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and thermodynamic simulations are carried out to investigate cement hydration kinetics and hydration products. Durability of cellulosic fiber-reinforced cement composite is assessed based on the degradation in flexural properties. The results indicate that, in the presence of metakaolin, the hydration of cement is enhanced accompanied by consumption of calcium hydroxide, low release of hydration heat, decreased Ca/Al and Ca/Si ratios of C–S–H phase, and reduced OH- and Ca2+ amounts in pore solution. A cement substitution by 30 wt% metakaolin results in an improvement of flexural toughness and durability of cellulosic fiber-reinforced cement composites by 42 and 269%, respectively. The correlations between composite durability and hydration of Portland cement are established.
Ensemble learning algorithm for drug-target interaction prediction

Predicting drug-target interaction through simulation is an immensely important problem. It has a huge impact in drug discovery in pharmaceutical industry. FDA reports that it takes close to five billion dollars to introduce a new drug to the market. A slight improvement in accuracy of prediction in the domain may save millions of dollars in the investment, there by lowering down the cost of production and making drugs more affordable to its consumers. We proposed a new algorithm to combine multiple heterogeneous information for identification of new interactions between the drugs and targets. The algorithm proposed in this paper employs the stacking based approach namely KronRLS-Stacking, to combine models in a linear (or non-linear way), to address the drug-target interaction prediction problem. Our Algorithm is developed on top of RLS and KronRLS algorithms. The novelty of our approach is in combining heterogeneous sources of information using ensemble method called Stacking. Also, our algorithm is embarrassingly parallel and easy to distribute over multiple computing nodes. We compared our results with seventeen other algorithms. Like the other algorithms, we use Area Under Precision Recall (AUPR) curve as a measurement of goodness. We compared our results on Nuclear Receptor(NR), GPCR, Ion Channel(IC) and Enzyme(E) datasets respectively. KronRLS-Stacking obtained highest AUPR in NR, GPCR and IC datasets. In the experiments, we take average over five runs for all the datasets. For each run we performed a 5-fold cross validation. We chose the top 10 best performing kernels on the validation set to generate all results for testing datasets. Even though KronRLS-Stacking offers slightly worse standard deviation, our lowest AUPR score is still better than the best performing algorithms we compared with.
Transient Mixing in River Channels

A mathematical model is formulated for two-dimensional transient mixing in natural river channels using an orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system. Analytical solutions are obtained for predicting concentration distributions due to a time-dependent line source of variable strength. Special cases of practical interest are examined. Analytical solutions are generally in integral or series form which can be efficiently evaluated with existing numerical quadratures. Examples are given to depict the pattern of concentration distribution and the effects of various parameters.
Circulating microRNAs as biomarkers in pediatric heart diseases

Abstract The discovery of non-coding RNAs, and the understanding of their functional relevance has revolutionized our comprehension of processes involved in gene regulation. microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are small non-coding RNAs that can regulate gene expression by targeting messenger RNAs (mRNAs) to degradation or translation suppression. Functionally, miRNAs are important in several disease processes, including cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, miRNAs can be present in the circulation, and are protected from degradation through interactions with proteins or encapsulation in circulating microvesicles. Several studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are important biomarkers of disease progression and/or outcomes. This review will focus on miRNAs as biomarkers in the pediatric population with an emphasis on cardiovascular diseases.
Power Optimized Comparator Selecting Method For Stochastic ADC

This work presents a power saving design method for stochastic flash analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). Stochastic ADCs use the offset noise distribution generated by mismatch to estimate the input signal. By analyzing the characteristic of the noise distribution, some of comparator cells in the stochastic ADC are unused for a given input range. The proposed comparator selection method allows the unused comparators to be powered down without affecting performance of the ADC. A behavioral model of the stochastic ADC is used to simulate and compare the power consumption of the ADC with and without the proposed technique.
Laboratory Validation of a Wearable Sensor for the Measurement of Head Acceleration in Men's and Women's Lacrosse

Mild traumatic brain injuries, or concussions, can result from head acceleration during sports. Wearable sensors like the GForceTrackerTM (GFT) can monitor an athlete's head acceleration during play. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the GFT for use in boys' and girls' lacrosse. The GFT was mounted to either a strap connected to lacrosse goggles (helmetless) or a helmet. The assembly was fit to a Hybrid III (HIII) headform instrumented with sensors and impacted multiple times at different velocities and locations. Measurements of peak linear acceleration and angular velocity were obtained from both systems and compared. It was found that a large percent error between the GFT and headform system existed for linear acceleration (29% for helmetless and 123% for helmet) and angular velocity (48% for helmetless and 17% for helmet). Linear acceleration data transformed to the center of gravity (CG) of the head still produced errors (47% for helmetless and 76% for helmet). This error was substantially reduced when correction equations were applied based on impact location (3-22% for helmetless and 3-12% for helmet impacts at the GFT location and transformed to the CG of the head). Our study has shown that the GFT does not accurately calculate linear acceleration or angular velocity at the CG of the head; however, reasonable error can be achieved by correcting data based on impact location.
The capstone course: what are we looking for?

Most computer science programs include a senior project or capstone course. The contents of this course/experience vary a great deal. At one school it may be a single term written paper with or without an oral presentation. Usually the topic of such a paper is a review of a computer science topic. At other schools there is an implementation requirement; the students are required to design and implement all or part of a hardware or software package. Capstones may be one year long and may require an oral, public presentation. Altogether there are many goals for the course and they can interfere with each other. What do we do if the technical aspects are excellent but the written report is a failure? Even worse, what do we do when the oral presentation is outstanding but the technical content is poor? Do we need to have different courses or goals for different groups of students, say BSs and BAs? Do we encourage or discourage group work on the capstone?
Speech, Voice, and Swallowing Assessment

The speech language pathologist (SLP) and otolaryngologist may collaborate effectively in the assessment and treatment of children with speech, resonance, and feeding/swallowing disorders. Assessment protocols may involve multidisciplinary efforts, such as a feeding or airway team. Knowledge of speech and feeding developmental milestones can help guide the practitioner in identification of problems and the referral process to a SLP. SLPs with specialty training in pediatric dysphagia and/or resonance disorders are optimal referral sources for children with issues in these areas. For school age children, the SLP specialist may collaborate with the school speech language pathologist to guide the treatment process or act as a resource when needed. The use of FEES to assess swallowing continues to increase in the pediatric population, but there are limits secondary to age and cooperation. Children with gagging problems and food refusal behaviors related to food textures likely have sensory-based feeding issues and not a swallowing problem. These children do not require instrumental assessment such as videoflouroscopic exam, but are better served with a feeding evaluation by a feeding specialist.
SM 01-2334 Darpi: accelerating injury prevention through the intersection of new concepts in science, practice, and data

For more than 25 years, the United States (US) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC) has applied a public health approach to prevent and control violence and injuries. The NCIPC’s Division of Analysis, Research and Practice (DARPI’s) connects data, research, and practice and is focused on advancing the application of translational research, and specifically implementation science, to population health over the coming years. Collaborations across funded Injury Control Research Centers, State Core Violence and Injury Prevention Programs, and other partners will be highlighted to demonstrate the impact of building connectivity to inform and advance research that is needed for public health practice; approaches to data and evidence translation and dissemination; evaluation in real-world implementation; and building ‘on-the-ground’ capacity needed for effective evidence integration into public health and community systems. These efforts and the state of the science, have informed DARPI’s five-year strategic roadmap aimed at increasing the translation and implementation of effective, scalable violence and injury prevention strategies; establishing core capacities for multi-jurisdictional injury and violence prevention nation-wide; and enhancing the availability, delivery, and usability of violence and injury-related data and information, all with the goal of producing equitable and sustainable reductions in injury and violence across communities.
Design guidelines for thermopower generators with multi-layered black phosphorus

We study a thermal gradient induced current $( I _{th})$ flow in potassium (K)-doped two-dimensional anisotropic black phosphorus (BP) with semi-Dirac dispersion. The prototype device is a BP channel clamped between two contacts maintained at unequal temperatures. The choice of BP lies in the predicted efficient thermolectric behaviour. A temperature-induced difference in the Fermi levels of the two contacts drives the current (typified by the electro-thermal conductance) which we calculate using the Landauer transport equation. The current shows an initial rise when the device is operated at lower temperatures. The rise stalls at progressively higher temperatures and $I _{th}$ acquires a plateau-like flat profile indicating a competing effect between a larger number of transmission modes and a corresponding drop in the Fermi level difference between the contacts. The current is computed for both n- and p -type BP and the difference thereof is attributed to the particle-hole asymmetry. We conclude by pointing out improved thermal behaviour that may arise in multi-layered BP through topological phase transitions induced by additional K-doping.
Management of Enterocutaneous Fistulas

An enterocutaneous (EC) fistula is defined as an abnormal connection between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the skin. The majority of EC fistulas are iatrogenic due to a missed enterotomy or anastomotic leak, and are generally defined based on their etiology, location and daily output. Patients may present either with drainage of enteric contents from the surgical site/abdominal wall or with abdominal pain, ileus, fevers, malaise, and computer tomography (CT) findings consistent with an intraabdominal abscess. Regardless of etiology, initial management requires a multidisciplinary approach consisting of fluid resuscitation, characterization of EC fistula and intraabdominal collections with cross-sectional imaging, control of sepsis, nutritional support, and local wound care. Spontaneous closure occurs in about one third of patients in the first 4–6 weeks after formation. Risks factors for nonspontaneous closure include high fistula outputs, distal obstruction, ongoing infection, inflammatory bowel disease, epithelialized or short (<2 cm) fistulous tract, retained foreign body such as mesh, and presence of underlying neoplasia. Definitive surgical management should be deferred at least 12 weeks from fistula formation in patients whose nutrition has been maximally optimized and sepsis has been completely controlled. Surgical management consists of lysis of adhesions and takedown of EC fistula with resection of affected bowel and may require complex abdominal wall repair.
Is there a correlation between outcomes after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome and patient cortical bone thickness

In order to determine the associations between age, sex, cortical bone thickness (CBT), and outcomes following hip arthroscopy for FAIS, a retrospective study of patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAIS from a single institution from 2012 to 2014 was performed. Based on preoperative radiographs, femoral cortical index (FCI) and femoral canal-to-calcar ratio (FCC) were used as measures of CBT and used to classify patients using the Dorr classification. Linear and logistic regression was used to determine whether CBT was predictive of 2-year patient reported outoutcomes. Patients were stratified by sex and age (<45 or =45 years old) to determine whether variables were potential effect modifiers on the association between outcomes and CBT. A total of 108 patients were included in the study, with 27 patients in each of the following groups: females <45, females =45, males <45, and males =45 years. The results showed that at 2-year follow-up, all groups demonstrated significant improvements in reported outcomes (HOS-ADL, HOS-SS, and mHHS) (p<0.001). Females =45 scored significantly worse than other groups on all scores (p<0.05 for all). Chi-square test for trend showed a linear by linear association between Dorr classification type and gender/age group (p=0.018). Analysis of the whole study population showed a linear association between FCC and HOS-ADL and mHHS scores. However, CBT measures were not predictive of achieving MCID. In conclusion, patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAIS, older female patients had the worst patient-reported outcomes and lowest CBT measures. Furthermore, FCC is independently associated with the HOS-ADL and mHHS. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Retrospective comparative study, Level III. What is known about the subject Among patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAIS, female patients over the age of 45 have been reported to be at risk for inferior post-operative outcomes. Meanwhile, this patient population is also the most at risk for deteriorating CBT. What this study adds to existing knowledge This study demonstrates that female patients with FAIS over the age of 45 have inferior CBT indices than their male and younger-aged counterparts. Furthermore, this study presents an association between the FCC and 2-year patient-reported outcome measures, suggesting that CBT characterization may withhold prognostic value.
Effect of environmental salt concentration on the Helicobacter pylori exoproteome

Helicobacter pylori infection and a high salt diet are each risk factors for gastric cancer. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that environmental salt concentration influences the composition of the H. pylori exoproteome. H. pylori was cultured in media containing varying concentrations of sodium chloride, and aliquots were fractionated and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We identified proteins that were selectively released into the extracellular space, and we identified selectively released proteins that were differentially abundant in culture supernatants, depending on the environmental salt concentration. We also used RNA-seq analysis to identify genes that were differentially expressed in response to environmental salt concentration. The salt-responsive proteins identified by proteomic analysis and salt-responsive genes identified by RNA-seq analysis were mostly non-concordant, but the secreted toxin VacA was salt-responsive in both analyses. Western blot analysis confirmed that VacA levels in the culture supernatant were increased in response to high salt conditions, and quantitative RT-qPCR experiments confirmed that vacA transcription was upregulated in response to high salt conditions. These results indicate that environmental salt concentration influences the composition of the H. pylori exoproteome, which could contribute to the increased risk of gastric cancer associated with a high salt diet. SIGNIFICANCE: Helicobacter pylori-induced alterations in the gastric mucosa have been attributed, at least in part, to the actions of secreted H. pylori proteins. In this study, we show that H. pylori growth in high salt concentrations leads to increased levels of a secreted VacA toxin. Salt-induced alterations in the composition of the H. pylori exoproteome is relevant to the increased risk of gastric cancer associated with consumption of a high salt diet.
Total Synthesis of (±)-Quinolizidine 217A

Several 1,4-disubstituted quinolizidines have been isolated in minute quantities from the skin of certain poisonous frogs and toads. The structures of these alkaloids have been proposed mainly on the basis of MS and IR spectroscopic data. We report the first total synthesis of a naturally occurring alkaloid of this type, quinolizidine 217A. After examination of several azide-based routes, the cyclization of an azide onto an ester-bearing alkene provided a 3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine that was reduced in a stereoselective fashion to produce a cis-2,6-disubstituted piperidine (25 → 31 → 32). Transformation of 32 into quinolizidine 217A (2) and its C(1) epimer (41) were accomplished in a straightforward fashion. Synthetic quinolizidine 217A was found to be identical to the natural alkaloid, confirming its stereostructure. Compound 41 has the same stereostructure as that proposed for the alkaloid quinolizidine 207I, a compound whose configuration was recently revised as a result of synthetic studies by Momose e...
LEED Study of F. C. C. Metal Surfaces

Low energy electron diffraction studies on clean Pt, Au, Ag, and Pd single crystal surfaces have been carried out as a function of temperature in ultrahigh vacuum. Several surface structures were found to exist on the different metal substrates which have well-defined temperature ranges of stability. These surface structures are ordered or disordered, form via reversible or irreversible phase transition, and can be attributed to the clean metal. The ordered surface structures are characterized by lattice parameters which are integral multiples of the substrate unit cell dimensions. These structures appear during annealing, after ion bombardment, at lower temperatures (<700°C). The disordered surface structures appear at high temperature. They are characterized by ring-like diffraction features which develop gradually as a function of heating time or temperature. The formation of these structures is irreversible and they can only be removed by ion bombardment. The properties of the different surface structures of platinum and gold, and of silver and palladium, respectively, are similar and can be correlated.
Deep Reinforced Self-Attention Masks for Abstractive Summarization (DR.SAS).

We present a novel architectural scheme to tackle the abstractive summarization problem based on the CNN/DMdataset which fuses Reinforcement Learning (RL) withUniLM, which is a pre-trained Deep Learning Model, to solve various natural language tasks. We have tested the limits of learning fine-grained attention in Transformers to improve the summarization quality. UniLM applies attention to the entire token space in a global fashion. We propose DR.SAS which applies the Actor-Critic (AC) algorithm to learn a dynamic self-attention distribution over the tokens to reduce redundancy and generate factual and coherent summaries to improve the quality of summarization. After performing hyperparameter tuning, we achievedbetter ROUGE results compared to the baseline. Our model tends to be more extractive/factual yet coherent in detail because of optimization over ROUGE rewards. We present detailed error analysis with examples of the strengths and limitations of our model. Our codebase will be publicly available on our GitHub.
Soft Power and Biopower: Narendra Modi’s “Double Discourse” Concerning Yoga for Climate Change and Self-Care

In this article, I will elucidate the Indian government’s two primary discourses concerning yoga since 2014 as right-wing Hindu Nationalist Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Hindu Nationalist political party, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), have interacted with both international and domestic audiences. These discourses can be broadly grouped into two categories, or what I refer to as Modi and the BJP’s “double discourse”: (1) Yoga as a global soft power solution to counter the Global North’s climate change privilege on the international stage and (2) Yoga as biopower for the advancement of India’s depressed economy on the domestic front. Relying on yoga’s polyvalent character, Modi and the BJP are able to frame yoga in these two particular ways—which together signal their commitment to neoliberal economic ideology—by drawing from historical and contemporaneous precedents which I also outline in the article. I conclude with a brief visit to the preparations for the BJP’s 2019 International Day of Yoga, where this double discourse becomes most evident in the two divergent themes announced for the event.
Gaze deflection reveals how gaze cueing is tuned to extract the mind behind the eyes

Suppose you are surreptitiously looking at someone, and then when they catch you staring at them, you immediately turn away. This is a social phenomenon that almost everyone experiences occasionally. In such experiences-which we will call gaze deflection-the "deflected" gaze is not directed at anything in particular but simply away from the other person. As such, this is a rare instance where we may turn to look in a direction without intending to look there specifically. Here we show that gaze cues are markedly less effective at orienting an observer's attention when they are seen as deflected in this way-even controlling for low-level visual properties. We conclude that gaze cueing is a sophisticated mental phenomenon: It is not merely driven by perceived eye or head motions but is rather well tuned to extract the "mind" behind the eyes.
Abstract 3658: Brd4-bound enhancers drive critical sex differences in glioblastoma

Sex can be an important determinant of cancer phenotype and exploring sex-specific tumor biology holds promise for identifying novel therapeutic targets and new approaches to cancer treatment. In an established model of glioblastoma, we discovered transcriptome-wide sexual dimorphism in gene-expression that was concordant with sex differences in H3K27ac marks, large Brd4-bound enhancer usage, and Brd4 co-localization with Myc and p53. The sex-specific enhancer usage drove sex differences in stem cell function and tumorigenicity. Moreover, male and female GBM cells exhibited opposing responses to pharmacological or genetic inhibition of Brd4. Brd4 knockdown or inhibition decreased male GBM cell clonogenicity and in vivo tumorigenesis, while increasing both in female GBM cells. These results were validated in male and female patient-derived GBM cell lines. Thus, for the first time, Brd4 activity is revealed to drive a sexually dimorphic stem cell and tumorigenic phenotype, resulting in diametrically opposite responses to BET inhibition in male and female glioblastoma cells. This has critical implications for the clinical evaluation and use of BET inhibitors. Citation Format: Najla Kfoury-Beaumont, Zongtai Qi, Michael Wilkinson, Lauren Broestl, Kristopher Berrett, Arnav Moudgil, Sumithra Sankararaman, Xuhua Chen, Jay Gertz, Robi Mitra, Joshua B. Rubin. Brd4-bound enhancers drive critical sex differences in glioblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 3658.
Development of an observational tool to assess health coaching fidelity.

Abstract Objective This study describes the development of the Health Coaching Index (HCI), an observational tool for assessing fidelity to implementing health coaching practical skills. Methods Initial HCI items were developed, adapted following cognitive interviews, and refined during coding training. Participants (n = 42) were trainees who completed a National Board for Health and Wellness Coaching (NBHWC)-approved training program and coached a standardized patient. Interrater reliability for the HCI was determined by calculating interclass correlations from ten videos coded by three raters. Construct validity was evaluated from 42 recordings using Spearman’s Rho between HCI and Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS) codes. Results The interclass correlation (ICC) for HCI total score was 0.81, considered an excellent level of inter-rater agreement. Some significant correlations between HCI and RIAS codes supported construct validity (e.g., patient activation: Rho = 0.32; empathy: Rho = 0.36). Conclusion The HCI total score can reliably be used to assess fidelity to health coaching skills, and the HCI has construct validity similar to the RIAS as a measure of patient activation. Practice Implications Adoption and further study of the HCI tool will allow for a more consistent implementation of health coaching skills, and may facilitate more robust training of health coaches for clinical practice and research.
Small Signal Stability of a Series Compensated Microgrid Operating in Islanded Mode

In this paper, small signal stability of a simple microgrid operating in islanded mode is analyzed by computing eigen value trajectories when the system is subjected to different parametric changes. Detailed mathematical modeling of a synchronous machine supplying a constant impedance load through a series compensated line is presented. The system is equipped with a speed governor and an Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) with a PI controller. Eigen value trajectories of the linearized system are computed by considering parametric changes in the load, degree of compensation, exciter gain and time constant, proportional and integral gains of the PI controller of the AVR and the droop of the speed governor. From the results obtained, it was observed that the system is subjected to oscillatory instability when the AVR parameters and the speed governor droop exceeded certain limits. Also, the system was completely stable when the load and the degree of compensation was varied in a wide range. These results indicate the importance of selection of proper values for parameters of microgrids operating in islanded mode.
Considering patient age when treating multiple sclerosis across the adult lifespan.

Introduction: The successful development of anti-inflammatory disease-modifying treatments (DMT) significantly improved disease outcomes and longevity of persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). How...
The Tele-STELLA protocol: Telehealth-based support for families living with later-stage Alzheimer's disease.

AIMS We aim to establish the feasibility and acceptability of the Tele-STELLA (Support via Telehealth: Living and Learning with Advancing Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias) intervention. We will also assess the efficacy of the intervention in reducing the frequency of behavioural symptoms of dementia as well as family Care Partner reactivity to the symptoms. DESIGN This is a multi-component, quasi-experimental study that focuses on facilitating effective management of behavioural symptoms that occur in the later stages of dementia. METHODS Family Care Partners (n = 124) for persons with Alzheimer's disease will participate in two 8-week videoconferencing components that address behavioural symptoms-in both the persons with Alzheimer's disease and their Care Partners. In the first component ('Nova'), Care Partners work with one nurse for an hour/week for 4 weeks, then they join a small group for another 4 weeks. In the second component ('Constellation'), Care Partners work in a larger group to hone skills and knit supportive relationships. Behavioural symptom frequency and Care Partner reactivity to the behaviours will be measured prior to, during and after the intervention. The study is funded by the United States National Institute on Aging (R01AG067546); funding was initiated as on February, 2021. DISCUSSION Tele-STELLA fills a gap in current videoconference-based psychoeducational interventions in that it offers real-time interaction with nurses and peers. The intervention was designed with feedback by pilot participants. This study will assess Tele-STELLA in its current, novel format; thus, preparing it for a larger, future randomized controlled trial. IMPACT Tele-STELLA addresses symptoms that occur in the later stages of dementia, providing families with tools to facilitate effective behavioural management. Because Tele-STELLA is implemented via videoconferencing, it targets Care Partners who face barriers to support, such as cost and transportation. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (#NCT04627662).
Detection of CWD prions in naturally infected white-tailed deer fetuses and gestational tissues by PMCA

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a prevalent prion disease affecting cervids. CWD is thought to be transmitted through direct animal contact or by indirect exposure to contaminated environmental fomites. Other mechanisms of propagation such as vertical and maternal transmissions have also been suggested using naturally and experimentally infected animals. Here, we describe the detection of CWD prions in naturally-infected, farmed white-tailed deer (WTD) fetal tissues using the Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification (PMCA) technique. Prion seeding activity was identified in a variety of gestational and fetal tissues. Future studies should demonstrate if prions present in fetuses are at sufficient quantities to cause CWD after birth. This data confirms previous findings in other animal species and furthers vertical transmission as a relevant mechanism of CWD dissemination.
On the Correlation of Failure Rates

A common problem in Probabilistic Risk Analysis (PRA) is to find the distribution of a function of random variables, i.e., $$\text{Y = f}\left( {\text{X}_\text{1} \text{,}\,\text{X}_\text{2} \text{, \ldots \ldots ,X}_\text{n} } \right)$$ (1) Y may be the failure rate of a system or the rate of occurrence of an event, while Xi may be the failure or repair rate of a component, a human error rate, etc. The probabilistic model, e.g., a fault tree, determines the function f.
"The Components Of Stock Prices: Evidence From The Japanese Stock Markets"

This study establishes permanent and temporary components of equity returns in the Japanese equity markets using, as explanatory variables, the fundamentals of stock prices. We employ the structural Vector Auregression Approach (VAR) to a data set for the period January 1955 to December 1997. We consider the "information" hypothesis of dividends to justify the components of stock returns.
Defining Software Patents: A Research Field Guide

What, exactly, distinguishes a patent on a software innovation from patents on other kinds of innovations? While the question may appear esoteric at first glance, it is the crucial first step in any empirical study of software patents. The policy debate over software patents - whether they should be allowed at all, what should qualify, and whether they are used to block or encourage innovation - has been raging for quite some time on both sides of the Atlantic. Meaningful contributions to this debate should be rooted in firm empirical analysis, as opposed to individual anecdotes. But supplying firm empirical analysis requires data on software patents, and thus the question posed above. In this paper, I examine the definitional choices made thus far by the emerging empirical literature on software patenting and explore the implications of those choices. The emphasis here is on how the definition selected can affect the conclusions made. I find that different definitions do lead to datasets with distinct characteristics. While no one definition emerges as clearly "right", some methods appear better than others. Much more empirical research on software patenting is needed to improve patent reform efforts, and that research should begin by justifying the definition of software patent chosen.
Comparison of two direct-count methods for determining metabolizing bacteria in freshwater.

Abstract Planktonic bacteria collected from several freshwater environments and cultured bacteria were used to compare two methods for determining the numbers of metabolizing bacteria. The methods used were (i) reduction of 2-(ρ-iodophenyl)-3-(ρ-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl tetrazolium chloride 2-(ρ-iodophenyl)-3-(ρ-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl to tetrazolium chloride-formazan and (ii) elongation of cells by using yeast extract and nalidixic acid. No statistically significant difference was found between methods in determining metabolizing bacteria, although significant differences (P < 0.05) were found when comparing numbers of total bacteria. A combination of the two methods yielded significant changes, both positive and negative, in the numbers of metabolizing bacteria.
The Investment Process of Private Equity Firms: How does the Affect Heuristic Impact Decision-making?

Individuals utilize heuristics to simplify problems leading to potential decision-making biases. "How do heuristics impact the investment process of private equity decision-makers reviewing proposals?" Through an exploratory multi-case analysis, insight is provided into complex private equity decisions by studying biases in the investment process. The beginning expectation was that the affect heuristic would be dominant. Results suggest different heuristics are used through decision-making processes. Five propositions are proffered, arguing the use of different heuristics in the investment decision-making process. Decision-makers draw on learning from experience and apply deliberative heuristics to guide selection decisions regarding the opportunity. Procedural heuristics guide post transaction management decisions. Affect heuristics are utilized when reviewing business opportunities. Organizational learning is exhibited through the modification of investment structures based on previous experiences. Human capital positively impacts the investment decisions. The study indicates that experience and learning leads to the construction of different heuristics that subsequently impact investments.