cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Physical inactivity is a strong risk factor for stroke in the oldest old: Findings from a multi-ethnic population (the Northern Manhattan Study)

BackgroundThe fastest growing segment of the population is those age ≥80 who have the highest stroke incidence. Risk factor management is complicated by polypharmacy-related adverse events.AimsTo c...
Breathing walls: The design of porous materials for heat exchange and decentralized ventilation

Abstract This study demonstrates how to design pores in building materials so that incoming fresh air can be efficiently tempered with low-grade heat while conduction losses are kept to a minimum. Any base material can be used in principle, so long as it can be manufactured with millimeter-scale air channels. The channel-pores are optimized according to the thermal conductivity of the base material, the dimensions of the panel, and the suction pressure sustained by a given fan or a chimney. A water circuit is integrated at the interior surface to ensure direct thermal contact and prevent radiant discomfort. Correlations from the thermal sciences literature were used to optimize the size and distribution of channel-pores in wood, glass, and concrete test panels. The measurements showed good agreement with theory and were presented in a general form so that designers can predict the steady-state performance of any optimal design in sensible heat-transfer mode. Schlieren imaging was used to characterize the different regimes of mixed convection at the interior and exterior surface. The data explain the discrepancy between prediction and measurement in the dynamic insulation literature, and how the integrated water circuit overcomes these problems. Surface heat-flux measurements were correlated in a general form so that designers can account for convection at the interior and exterior surface.
Seeing is Believing: The Ongoing Significance of Symbolic Representations of Musical Works in Copyright Infringement Disputes

Since the mid-twentieth Century the development of audio recording and synthesized sound technologies has radically altered how popular songs are created, fixed, disseminated, and consumed. Courts adjudicating copyright infringement claims involving musical works whose content and creation depend on these technologies, still emphasize melody, harmony, rhythm, and words – all recordable in visible symbols – as the protectable core of these works. This emphasis has been criticized as obsolete, and inapt when applied to musical works created and documented by performers only in audible formats, in which sonic and stylistic attributes may contribute more than fundamental musical elements to the popular appeal of a song. The legitimacy of this criticism depends upon our understanding of both what constitutes a copyrightable musical work, and also notation’s efficacy to represent it. This article argues that the judiciary’s traditional view of protectable expression of musical works as limited to a combination of melody, harmony, rhythm, and words, continues to be valid today despite changes in how popular songs are typically created and fixed. Timbre, dynamics, and other stylistic sonic – and, increasingly, visual – attributes closely associated with performance may significantly affect the appeal and marketability of the audio/video recording of a popular song. Yet they may contribute little to the underlying copyrightable work of music. Consider that while a documented meaningful combination of melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic elements alone may constitute a musical work, a similar combination of information about instrumentation, dynamics, tempo, etc. – i.e., elements more closely associated with the performance of a musical work – does not. Melody, harmony, rhythm, and words can be precisely recorded in graphical symbols. This article argues that given that sight is our most developed sense, visual documentation should be the medium by which courts and juries evaluate allegations of substantial similarity between two musical works. If courts permit litigants to present audible renditions of musical works, these renditions should be limited to MIDI-produced sound based on transcriptions of the melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic content of the works in question by a neutral party appointed by the court. If the judiciary were to broaden copyright protection for musical works to incorporate sonic and stylistic elements closely associated with their performance, this expansion could generate paralyzing uncertainty among popular musicians about the scope of protection for extant works. It could also lead to monopolization of musical ideas, which would inhibit the very production of original musical expression that copyright is supposed to promote.
Management of bleeding small bowel tumors

Identification and management of gastrointestinal bleeding originating from the small intestine represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to clinicians. During evaluation of the source of gastrointestinal blood loss, colonoscopy and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) fail to identify the source of bleeding in approximately 5% of patients.
Review: The Form of Form: Lisbon Architecture Triennale

The Form of Form: Lisbon Architecture Triennale Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation; Museum of Art, Architecture, and Technology; and Centro Cultural de Belem, Lisbon 5 October–11 December 2016 The fourth Lisbon Architecture Triennale, titled The Form of Form , consisted of three primary exhibitions and seven smaller satellite events and exhibitions located throughout the city that explored the concept of form. Curators Andre Tavares and Diogo Seixas Lopes skillfully illustrated that form is a complex concept that encourages important discussions about authorship, representation, and the political, social, and economic aspects of architectural design. The most captivating exhibition of the Triennale was Building Site , which addressed the relationship between buildings and process. The exhibition, curated by Andre Tavares and held at the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, comprised seven sections, each concentrating on a different architect and theme: “Happiness,” illustrated by Cedric Price's McAppy Report (1973–75); “Lightness,” focusing on the promotion of self-help building sites by the architectural collective Usina; “System,” featuring Francois Hennebique's reinforced concrete building system (1890–1914); “Time,” highlighting OMA's Casa da Musica; “Material,” illustrated by SKREI's surveys of raw materials in Portugal; “Communication,” showing David Chipperfield Architects’ Neues Museum; and “Choreographies,” presenting Pedro Ignacio Alonso and Hugo Palmorola's selections of excerpts from Soviet cartoons and films (1921–80). Most engaging of the contemporary material in this exhibition was SKREI's installation. The group created a catalogue of Portuguese soils, beautifully displayed as if pigments in jars, along with early materials tests, bricks, and models. A full-scale brick vault over centering completed a …
High Anisotropy Metamaterial Heat Spreader

Abstract The ability to manipulate heat flow has numerous promising benefits in thermal energy applications such as in heat spreader design. This paper introduces a novel thermal functional metamaterials heat spreader with high anisotropy. The metamaterial heat spreader consists of alternating layers of copper/VHTC and PDMS thin films. The effects of the number of bilayers, bilayers’ thermal conductivity ratio, and thermal spreader thickness on the metamaterial lateral heat spreading have been investigated numerically. In comparison to a simple copper heat spreader, results show significant enhancements of the lateral heat spreading with both the copper and VHTC based metamaterial heat spreaders.
Attachment to Society and Cognitive Deviance: The Case of Turkey

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the relationship between the level of attachment to society and cognitive deviance in modern Turkey. Applying Social Bonding Theory, we argue that stronger attachment to society leads to higher conformity to society’s socially accepted norms and less cognitive deviance. We conceptualize cognitive deviance as nontraditional attitudes toward sexuality and marriage. Using the 2011 World Values Survey, we find that the level of attachment to society reduces cognitive deviance. Moreover, the effect is stronger toward more extreme cognitive deviance, such as tolerance toward homosexuality, than less extreme cognitive deviance, such as tolerance toward divorce and abortion.
The Bronx Isn’t Burning, Is It?: Ruin Porn and Contemporary Perceptions of The Bronx

The Bronx has a well-known and often-told history of crime, blight, and urban decay. National media has fixated on this period of the Bronx with Baz Luhrmann setting his recent Netflix show The Get Down against the backdrop of a burning Bronx to Anthony Bourdain filming his CNN show in the Bronx and obsessively focusing on the Bronx’s history. By looking to how these images of the Bronx shape our popular imagination of the borough, I make the larger argument that memories of place created by images of places we have never seen can challenge our notion of what it means to be urban in an increasingly pre-urban world. Such images can also offer us some consolation as the posthuman spaces evolve into prehuman landscapes once again.
A Perspective on Energy and Sustainability

Abstract There is much interest in concepts of sustainability within the chemical industry, especially related to health, safety, and environmental performance, product stewardship, value chain management, efficient use of resources, and mitigation of potential climate change. However, perhaps the greatest sustainability challenges are those associated with energy production and consumption. Energy consumption directly contributes to the majority of carbon dioxide emissions, and recent estimates of future economic growth imply that global energy consumption may more than triple over the coming decades. Since at present carbon capture and sequestration technologies are very expensive, in difficult economic times emphasis will be given first to energy conservation and fuel switching as primary carbon management approaches. A number of current issues will be discussed including economic limitations to implementing energy conservation in retrofit situations, new approaches to the optimal control of energy during process operations, techniques to hasten the utilization of biomass energy sources, and the impacts of shale gas development.
MONITORING CELL ADHESION WITH ACOUSTIC IMPEDOMETRY

ABSTRACT Preliminary results from studies of in vitro cell-substrate adhesion behavior of fibroblasts using the techniques of acoustic impedometry are reported. Acoustic impedometry measurements on freshly suspended BHK21/C13 cells, when compared with transformed CI3/B4 cells, demonstrated a marked difference in loading of the acoustic transducer. A similar result was obtained with the mouse 3T3D cell line and its transformed counterpart, KiBalb. These results of acoustic transducer loading, when compared with known reference fluids such as sucrose, illustrate a marked difference in the interfacial viscoelastic properties of normal and transformed cells.
Abstract TMP57: Left Atrial Dilatation: A Cohort Analysis With Strong Implications for Future Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke Monitoring

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) increases the risk of thromboembolism five-fold. Left atrial dilatation (LAD) is a known predictor of AF. It is necessary to better understand the association...
Optimal Operation of a Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle

We present a convex optimization control method that has been shown in simulations to increase the fuel efficiency of a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle by over 10%. Using information on energy demand and energy use profiles, the problem is defined to preferentially use battery resources sourced from the grid over petroleum resources. We pose the general nonlinear optimal resource management problem over a predetermined route as a convex optimization problem using a reduced model of the vehicle. This problem is computationally efficient enough to be optimized “on the fly” on the on-board vehicle computer and is thus able to adapt to changing vehicle conditions in real time. Using this reduced model to generate control inputs for the detailed vehicle simulator autonomie, we record efficiency gains of over 10% as compared to the industry standard charge depleting charge sustaining controller over synthetic mixed urban-suburban routes.
Über neuroendokrine Vorgänge bei Insekten

1. Unter den bei den Insekten bekannten Hormonquellen (Tab. 1) spielt der neurosekretorische Anteil des Gehirns die bedeutendste Rolle. Seine Wirkungen erstrecken sich auf die Kontrolle der Postembryonal-entwicklung, der Eireifung, des physiologischen Farbwechsels und mog-licherweise der Peristaltik der Malpighischen Gefaβe.
Inter-scan Reproducibility of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Derived Myocardial Perfusion Reserve Index in Women with no Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease.

Background Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) derived myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPRI) has recently been shown to detect coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) in women with signs and symptoms of ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to determine the inter-scan reproducibility of MPRI in this patient group in order to assess its diagnostic robustness in serial scans and assess its utility as a marker of potential therapies for CMD. Methods Rest/stress perfusion CMR was performed at 1.5T using a standardized protocol in 17 women with signs and symptoms of ischemia and no obstructive CAD on two separate days (within 90 days of each other). The same pharmacological stress agent (adenosine/regadenoson) was used for both scans. MPRI was calculated from time-intensity curves of the whole myocardium and blood pool at stress and rest. One experienced observer, blinded to clinical data, performed all measurements. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), coefficient of variation (CoV), and Bland-Altman plots were determined. Results Mean age was 53±10 years old and BMI 28±7 kg/m2; 47% had hypertension, 4% diabetes, 9% hyperlipidemia and 10% family history of CAD. Mean MPRI for the 17 women was higher for scan 2 compared to scan 1 (1.98±0.3 vs. 1.65±0.78, respectively, p<0.001); and this relationship persisted even when corrected for resting rate pressure product (RPP) (2.42±0.81 vs. 1.97±0.92, respectively, 0.002), The mean bias for MPRI between sequential scans was 0.34 (95% CI: 0.18 to 0.49, limits of agreement: -0.31, 0.98 and when corrected for resting RPP it was 0.45 (95% CI: 0.21 to 0.68, limits of agreement: -0.52, 1.41), ICC and CoV also indicated modest inter-scan reproducibility (ICC 0.57; CoV 20.3%), but both measures were comparable to values seen in prior studies in CAD populations and healthy volunteers. Conclusion Inter-scan reproducibility of CMRI-derived MPRI in women with suspected CMD is modest, with relatively wide limits of agreement. This variability is similar to that seen in other populations, suggesting that some caution must be exercised when using absolute MPRI cut-offs in isolation for the diagnosis of CMD or repeated measures of MPRI to track response to therapy. Additional work is ongoing to improve reproducibility from both biological and technological standpoints.
Gestational shaping of the maternal vaginal microbiome.

The diversity of the vaginal microbiome is linked to ethnicity, preterm birth and transitions to a healthier profile upon pregnancy.
Exploring the influence of teachers' beliefs and 3D printing integrated STEM instruction on students’ STEM motivation

Abstract As an emerging technology in K-12 education, 3D printing has gained much attention from educators and researchers. However, meaningful 3D printing integration in K-12 curricula is still scarce, and little is known about how teachers' beliefs and the integration in science classrooms may influence student motivation. This study examined the influence of teachers' beliefs and 3D printing integration in science classrooms on students' science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) motivation, which is essential for students' academic experiences and future careers. Study sample included 26 teachers across 6 states in the U.S. and 1,501 students who engaged with STEM learning using 3D printing in the context of paleontology. Teachers' lesson plans were analyzed to examine 3D printing and STEM integration levels. Teachers' beliefs and students' STEM motivation were assessed with previously validated scales. Multilevel modeling analyses indicated that while teachers' beliefs and 3D printing integration levels were non-significant predictors, teachers' STEM integration levels positively predicted students’ math motivation. Interaction effects were observed between student variables (student gender and pretest scores) and teacher variables (teacher beliefs and 3D printing integration). This study provides implications for both 3D printing integration practice and future research.
Health Insurance Coverage: Logical Versus Survey Identification of the Foreign-Born

Estimating rates of public benefit use for lawful permanent residents (LPRs) is difficult given the limited availability of nationally representative data that disaggregate the foreign-born population by legal status. Using the 2008 Survey of Income and Program Participation—the only national survey that distinguishes LPRs from other non-citizens—we employ logistic regression to compare estimates of health insurance coverage for legal immigrants using two methods to infer legal status: (1) a logical approach and (2) a survey-based approach. The logical approach, relative to the survey approach, yields a higher predicted probability of having any insurance for LPRs (adjPP = 0.70) compared to the survey approach (adjPP = 0.57) and a higher likelihood of having public health insurance (adjPP = 0.26 compared to adjPP = 0.09, respectively). These findings suggest that the logical approach may overestimate lawful immigrants’ reliance on public benefits, which has implications for conclusions about recent changes to the public charge rule.
Hyperacetylated chromatin domains mark cell type-specific genes and suggest distinct modes of enhancer function.

Stratification of enhancers by signal strength in ChIP-seq assays has resulted in the establishment of super-enhancers as a widespread and useful tool for identifying cell type-specific, highly expressed genes and associated pathways. We examine a distinct method of stratification that focuses on peak breadth, termed hyperacetylated chromatin domains (HCDs), which classifies broad regions exhibiting histone modifications associated with gene activation. We find that this analysis serves to identify genes that are both more highly expressed and more closely aligned to cell identity than super-enhancer analysis does using multiple data sets. Moreover, genetic manipulations of selected gene loci suggest that some enhancers located within HCDs work at least in part via a distinct mechanism involving the modulation of histone modifications across domains and that this activity can be imported into a heterologous gene locus. In addition, such genetic dissection reveals that the super-enhancer concept can obscure important functions of constituent elements. Super-enhancer are usually defined by high levels of chromatin modification and associate with cell-specific gene expression. Here, the authors define hyperacetylated chromatin domains (HCDs) by using histone hyperacetylation peak breadth information and show that HCDs associated more closely with cell identity than super-enhancers.
Urban Social Sustainability: Theory, Policy and Practice

As the world at large is moving towards an urban future, cities across the world are increasingly facing crime, violence, deprivation and other threats linked to rising social polarisation. The Cov...
Randomized controlled study using text messages to help connect new medicaid beneficiaries to primary care

Accessing primary care is often difficult for newly insured Medicaid beneficiaries. Tailored text messages may help patients navigate the health system and initiate care with a primary care physician. We conducted a randomized controlled trial of tailored text messages with newly enrolled Medicaid managed care beneficiaries. Text messages included education about the importance of primary care, reminders to obtain an appointment, and resources to help schedule an appointment. Within 120 days of enrollment, we examined completion of at least one primary care visit and use of the emergency department. Within 1 year of enrollment, we examined diagnosis of a chronic disease, receipt of preventive care, and use of the emergency department. 8432 beneficiaries (4201 texting group; 4231 control group) were randomized; mean age was 37 years and 24% were White. In the texting group, 31% engaged with text messages. In the texting vs control group after 120 days, there were no differences in having one or more primary care visits (44.9% vs. 45.2%; difference, -0.27%; p = 0.802) or emergency department use (16.2% vs. 16.0%; difference, 0.23%; p = 0.771). After 1 year, there were no differences in diagnosis of a chronic disease (29.0% vs. 27.8%; difference, 1.2%; p = 0.213) or appropriate preventive care (for example, diabetes screening: 14.1% vs. 13.4%; difference, 0.69%; p = 0.357), but emergency department use (32.7% vs. 30.2%; difference, 2.5%; p = 0.014) was greater in the texting group. Tailored text messages were ineffective in helping new Medicaid beneficiaries visit primary care within 120 days.
Behind the Wheel: Specialized Driving Instructors’ Experiences and Strategies for Teaching Autistic Adolescents to Drive

Importance In the transition to adulthood, driving supports independence. For autistic adolescents, training provided by specialized driving instructors, including occupational therapists, may establish fitness to drive and continued independence. Objective To examine specialized driving instructors' experiences providing behind-the-wheel instruction to autistic adolescents. Design We recruited participants through purposive and snowball sampling of members of ADED, the Association for Driver Rehabilitation Specialists. Interviews investigated experiences providing instruction, autistic students' strengths and challenges, strategies used, and recommendations to improve the learning-to-drive process. We coded transcripts using a directed content analysis approach. Setting Telephone interviews. Participants Specialized driving instructors (N = 17) trained as occupational therapists, driver rehabilitation specialists, or licensed driving instructors with recent experience providing behind-the-wheel training for autistic adolescents participated. Results Behind-the-wheel challenges included mental inflexibility, distractibility, and difficulties with social cues and motor coordination. Instructors acknowledged students' strengths, including adherence to rules of the road, limited risk taking, and careful observations. Instructors scaffolded learning to help students develop skills. Although licensure and driving outcomes were sometimes unknown to instructors, students who became licensed frequently drove with supervision or restrictions. Conclusions and relevance Licensure is possible for autistic adolescents, although developing fitness to drive requires individualization and rigorous specialized instruction, which may culminate in delayed or restricted driving. What This Article Adds: This article highlights challenges and strengths encountered by specialized driving instructors teaching autistic adolescents. Despite requiring prolonged training, autistic adolescents can achieve licensure when supported by specialized instruction that is individualized to their needs and strengths.
“We are Coca-Cola and so much more”: political economic analysis of non-carbonated SSB Coke brands

This article utilizes critical political economy to examine how The Coca-Cola Company (Coke) constructs healthy or “natural” messages on food labels and other promotional texts to advertise non-car...
Metabolically Activated Proteostasis Regulators Protect Against Glutamate Toxicity by Activating NRF2

SUMMARY The extracellular accumulation of glutamate is a pathologic hallmark of numerous neurodegenerative diseases including ischemic stroke and Alzheimer’s disease. At high extracellular concentrations, glutamate causes neuronal damage by promoting oxidative stress which can lead to cellular death. This has led to significant interest in developing pharmacologic approaches to mitigate the oxidative toxicity caused by high levels of glutamate. Here, we show that the small molecule proteostasis regulator AA147 protects against glutamate-induced cell death in a neuronal-derived cell culture model by reducing intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species. While originally developed as an activator of the ATF6 arm of the unfolded protein response, we show AA147-dependent protection against glutamate toxicity is primarily mediated through activation of the NRF2-regulated oxidative stress response. We demonstrate that AA147 activates NRF2 through a mechanism involving metabolic activation to a reactive electrophile and covalent modification of KEAP1 – a mechanism analogous to that involved in AA147-dependent activation of ATF6. These results define the potential for AA147 to protect against glutamate induced oxidative toxicity and highlight the potential for metabolically-activated proteostasis regulators like AA147 to activate both protective ATF6 and NRF2 stress-responsive signaling pathways to mitigate oxidative damage associated with diverse neurologic diseases.
Role of Professional Education in Human Life

I discussed the role of professional management with historical perspective in the era of devlopment, globalization.
D-Dimer Levels Are Not Elevated in SARS-CoV-2 IgG Positive Patients Undergoing Elective Orthopedic Surgery

Introduction: In acute COVID-19, D-Dimer levels can be elevated and those patients are at risk for thromboembolic events. This study aims to investigate differences in preoperative D-Dimer levels in SARS-CoV-2 IgG positive and negative patients undergoing primary total knee and total hip replacement (TJA) or spine surgery. Methods: D-Dimer levels of 48 SARS-CoV-2 IgG positive and 718 SARS-CoV-2 IgG negative spine surgery patients were compared to those of 249 SARS-CoV-2 IgG positive and 2102 SARS-CoV-2 IgG negative TJA patients. Patients were assigned into groups based on D-Dimer levels as follows: 400 ng/mL D-Dimer Units (DDU). Results: D-Dimer levels did neither differ significantly between SARS-CoV-2 IgG positive spine surgery patients and TJA patients (p = 0.1), nor between SARS-CoV-2 IgG negative spine surgery and TJA patients (p = 0.7). In addition, there was no difference between SARS-CoV-2 IgG positive and negative spine surgery patients and SARS-CoV-2 IgG positive and negative TJA patients (p = 0.3). Conclusions: There is no difference in D-Dimer levels between SARS-CoV-2 IgG positive and negative patients and there does not seem to be any difference for different orthopedic specialty patients. Routine testing of D-Dimer levels is not recommended for patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery.
DIFSIB: A SIBTEST Package:

The R package DIFSIB provides a direct translated version of the SIBTEST, Crossing- SIBTEST, and POLYSIBTEST procedures that were last updated and released in 2005. Having these functions directly ...
Revisiting stereo depth estimation from a sequence-to-sequence perspective with transformers

Stereo depth estimation relies on optimal correspondence matching between pixels on epipolar lines in the left and right image to infer depth. Rather than matching individual pixels, in this work, we revisit the problem from a sequence-to-sequence correspondence perspective to replace cost volume construction with dense pixel matching using position information and attention. This approach, named STereo TRansformer (STTR), has several advantages: It 1) relaxes the limitation of a fixed disparity range, 2) identifies occluded regions and provides confidence of estimation, and 3) imposes uniqueness constraints during the matching process. We report promising results on both synthetic and real-world datasets and demonstrate that STTR generalizes well across different domains, even without fine-tuning. Our code is publicly available at this https URL.
Crowdsourcing Contract Interpretation

Contract disputes frequently call on courts to resolve conflicts arising out of interpretative differences. In these disputes, the party at the bad end of a deal typically contends that the parties meant their contract to have a meaning other than the one that led to the unfavorable result. To this end, the complaining party argues that particular terms are ambiguous, and that the ambiguity should be resolved in a way that yields a more favorable outcome. Whether a contract’s terms are ambiguous is a determination for the court to make. But a battle wages over the appropriate method for making this determination. While some courts confine their analysis to the contract’s four corners (that is, a term will be deemed ambiguous if its meaning cannot be gleaned from the document itself), others consider evidence extrinsic to the document to determine whether terms are reasonably susceptible to more than one meaning. Under either approach, if the court determines that terms are ambiguous, it will resolve ambiguity according to an objective reasonable person standard. But subjective elements influence decision makers in even the most earnest endeavors to decide objectively. This paper proposes the novel concept that crowdsourcing can aid courts both in determining whether contract ambiguity exists and in resolving ambiguities objectively. Courts that accept extrinsic evidence as part of their ambiguity analysis could look to how the crowd interprets the agreement: if crowd workers cannot agree on a particular term’s meaning, the court may accept this as evidence that the term is ambiguous. Similarly, crowd agreement on a particular term’s meaning can supply the court with a reasonably objective interpretation of that term. The paper explores this concept through the lens of empirical data from a recent study, Disagreeable Privacy Policies: Mismatches between Meaning and Users’ Understanding. That study asked crowd workers to interpret certain website privacy policies and compared the crowd’s interpretations to privacy policy experts’ interpretations of the same policies. This paper relies on data from that study to exemplify how the concept might apply. To reach this analysis, the paper first surveys the general landscape of online contracting. Because the data relied upon in the paper derives from website privacy policies, the paper specifically examines the extent to which those policies can be enforced as legally binding contracts. A finding that privacy policies are rarely enforced as such highlights a flaw in the notice and choice privacy regime that calls its legitimacy into question. Nevertheless, the paper suggests, the concept may be useful to privacy regulators despite a regime in which contract rules do not necessarily apply. The author does not wish to have the proposal considered for presentation in the poster session.
Traumatic rotator cuff tears

Rotator cuff tears are common injuries that impart significant morbidity to patients, resulting in pain and loss of function. Traumatic rotator cuff tears tend to occur in young males and can be particularly debilitating due to lost work. Significant advances have been made in basic science, imaging technology, and arthroscopy that have increased our understanding of rotator cuff tears and how to optimize repair. The bulk of the research has focused on atraumatic, chronic rotator cuff tears; very little has been published on the epidemiology, prevalence, or natural history of traumatic, acute rotator cuff tears. However, knowledge gained from the study of degenerative tears can be used to guide our understanding of acute traumatic tears. In this chapter, we will focus on the diagnosis of acute rotator cuff tears and the optimal treatment options available.
CONSOLIDATING A WAREHOUSE NETWORK: A PHYSICAL PROGRAMMING APPROACH

Abstract Faced with mounting cost pressure, many companies consider downsizing their distribution networks in ways that involve consolidation or phase-out of some of their existing warehousing facilities. To effectively re-configure a warehouse network through consolidation and elimination, this paper proposes a novel multiple criteria methodology called physical programming (PP). The proposed PP model enables a decision maker to consider multiple criteria (i.e., cost, customer service and intangible benefits) and to express criteria preferences not in a traditional form of weights, but in ranges of different degrees of desirability. The proposed model is tested with real data involving the reconfiguration of an actual company’s distribution network in the United States and Canada.
Educational Attainment and the Returns to Education for Australian Youth: Evidence of Self-Selection?

Abstracts Debates concerning the re-introduction of tertiary fees in Australia have made rates of return on education an active topic for investigation. This paper provides estimates of the returns to education that allow for worker heterogeneity and individual self selection in the education process. Using data drawn from the Australian Longitudinal Survey, a sequential estimation procedure is used that enables us to study the interaction between educational attainment and eamings determination. We find that traditional OLS measures of rates of return to education are understated and hence, counsel caution in the interpretation and use of the estimated returns provided by some authors.
Bargain Purchase Gains and the Acquisitions of Failed Banks

In December 2007, the FASB revised accounting for business combinations and permitted firms to record a bargain purchase gain within current earnings at the completion of a business combination. Although the FASB contends that the new treatment improves the representational faithfulness of the acquirers’ current earnings, the ability to recognize a gain in current net income creates a contemporaneous opportunity for earnings management. We use a sample of 2009 FDIC-assisted bank acquisitions to examine the unintended and intended consequences of the revised standard. Despite finding evidence consistent with firms recognizing the gain to avoid reporting earnings declines, we find that the market values the gain similar to other transitory items. Overall, our findings provide support for the FASBs decision to recognize a gain associated with business combinations in current earnings.
The Dynamics of Green HRM Behaviors: A Cognitive Social Information Processing Approach *

This paper applies cognitive-social theory to Green HRM, articulating a meta-theory based on cognitive-social HRM information processing (C-SHRIP) which centers on initiation and maintenance of green HRM behaviors. It focuses on managers' encodings, expectancies, affects, goals and values, self-regulation, and their interactions with each other, and the green HRM-relevant information in the course of cognitive-affective processing. In processing green HRM information, managers are presumed to differ in accessibility of mental representations and the organization of relationships among them. Implications for research and practice of Green HRM in organizations are discussed.
Systematic study of the structure of odd-mass lanthanum nuclei. III. Levels in /sup 133/La from the decay of 5-h /sup 133/Ce

Levels of /sup 133/La populated by the ..beta.. decay of the 9/2/sup -/ 5-h isomer of /sup 133/Ce were studied by ..gamma..-ray spectroscopy, ..gamma..-..gamma.. coincidence counting, and conversion-electron spectroscopy of mass-separated /sup 133/Ce sources. The /sup 133/La level scheme was greatly extended and substantial differences from previous level schemes were found. Both the observed negative and positive parity levels are accounted for in terms of decoupled band structure by calculations based on thee particle-plus-triaxial-rotor model. Deviations of this simple picture from the experimental data aree discussed.
Photosystem I Energy Diverters

The photosystem (PS) I diverter herbicides include several of the oldest in the herbicide arsenal, introduced in the mid-late 1950s by ICI (now Syngenta) and still commercially available. Because of this long-term use, a sizeable literature exists on their use as herbicides, their biochemical effects on mammals and plants, and the development of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes. Because of this voluminous literature, this review will cite mainly recent references, referring the reader to previous reviews for further details of the earlier literature. Keywords: photosystem I energy diverter herbicides; herbicide resistance; paraquat; biochemical effects; herbicide-resistant weed biotypes; Hordeum Glaucum; Conyza
Population level differences in adult body mass emerge in infancy and early childhood: Evidence from a global sample of low and lower‐income countries

Many studies have linked measures of adult body shape and mass in ancient and contemporary populations to ecogeographical variables such as temperature and latitude. These results tend to support Bergmann's rule, which posits that bodies will be relatively less slender for their height in colder climates and more slender in warmer climates. Less well explored is the ontogeny of these population-level differences. Here we use data on infants and children from 46 low and lower income countries to test whether children's weight for height is associated with measures of temperature and latitude. We also test the hypothesis that children living in areas with greater pathogen prevalence will be lighter for their height because of life history trade-offs between investment in immune function and growth. Finally, we test whether population specific adult body mass predicts infant and child body mass, and whether this is independent of ecogeographical variables. Our results show that maximum monthly temperature explains 17% of children's weight for height while adult population-level body mass explains ∼44% (Table 5). The measures of pathogen prevalence explain little of the variation in children's body shape (8%; P > 0.05). Our results suggest that population differences are consistent with Bergmann's rule but parental body shape explains more variance. Moreover, these population-level differences arise early in development, suggesting that any possible environmental influences occur in utero and/or result from epigenetic or population genetic differences. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:232–238, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detection and elimination of Salmonella mbandaka from naturally contaminated alfalfa seed by treatment with heat or calcium hypochlorite.

In 1999, consumption of alfalfa sprouts contaminated with Salmonella Mbandaka led to a multistate outbreak of salmonellosis. In this study, the implicated alfalfa seed lot (no. 8119) was confirmed to be contaminated with Salmonella Mbandaka at a detection frequency of approximately 72% per replicated 100 g of seed. The sensitivity of detection was improved by a combination of nonselective and selective enrichment of 5.0 ml of germination effluent, followed by immunomagnetic separation. Detection of low levels of viable cells with nonselective enrichment, employed to enhance the recovery of stressed or injured cells, was facilitated by the application of Salmonella-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). With PCR assays, Salmonella Mbandaka was detectable on seed stored at 5°C for at least 11 months, but at an increasingly diminishing frequency. Using conventional techniques, viable populations were detected in the seed germination effluent from seeds stored for up to 8 months. Seed treatments with buffe...
Hospitalist intervention for appropriate use of telemetry reduces length of stay and cost

BACKGROUND Telemetry monitoring is a widely used, labor-intensive, and often-limited resource. Little is known of the effectiveness of methods to guide appropriate use. OBJECTIVE Our intervention for appropriate use included: (1) a hospitalist-led, daily review of bed utilization, (2) hospitalist-driven education module for trainees, (3) quarterly feedback of telemetry usage, and (4) financial incentives. DESIGN/METHODS Hospitalists were encouraged to discuss daily telemetry utilization on rounds. A module on appropriate telemetry usage was taught by hospitalists during the intervention period (January 2013–August 2013) on medicine wards. Pre- and post-evaluations measured changes regarding telemetry use. We compared hospital bed–use data between the baseline period (January 2012–December 2012), intervention period, and extension period (September 2014–March 2015). During the intervention period, hospital bed–use data were sent to the hospitalist group quarterly. Financial incentives were provided after a decrease in hospitalist telemetry utilization. SETTING Stanford Hospital, a 444-bed, academic medical center in Stanford, California. RESULTS Hospitalists saw reductions for both length of stay (LOS) (2.75 vs 2.13 days, P = 0.005) and total cost (22.5% reduction) for telemetry bed utilization in the intervention period. Nonhospitalists telemetry bed utilization remained unchanged. We saw significant improvements in trainee knowledge of the most cost-saving action (P = 0.002) and the least cost-saving action (P = 0.003) in the pre- and post-evaluation analyses. Results were sustained in the hospitalist group, with telemetry LOS of 1.93 days in the extension period. CONCLUSIONS A multipronged, hospitalist-driven intervention to improve appropriate use of telemetry reduces LOS and cost, and increases knowledge of cost-saving actions among trainees. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:627–632. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Determinants of adult vaccination at inner-city health centers: A descriptive study

Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination rates among adults 65 years and older or less than 65 years with high risk medical conditions are still below Healthy People 2010 recommended levels of 90%. This study was designed to: 1) assess self-reported pneumococcal vaccination rates following health center level interventions to increase adult vaccination rates; and 2) determine factors associated with vaccination. Tailored interventions to increase immunizations were implemented at two inner-city health centers. We surveyed 375 patients 50 years of age and older. Multivariate logistic regression examines the predictors of 1) self-reported pneumococcal vaccination and 2) combined self-reported influenza and pneumococcal vaccination. Both of these models were stratified by age group (50–64 years and 65 years and older). Pneumococcal vaccination rates were 45% by self-report, 55% by medical record review, 69% for patients 65 years old and older, 32% for patients 50–64 years; they did not differ by race. Receipt of the previous season's influenza vaccine was significantly related to pneumococcal vaccination among both younger and older patients. Receiving both the pneumococcal vaccine and the most recent influenza vaccine compared with receiving neither, among younger patients was related to unemployment, more frequent physician visits, and belief that those who do not receive the flu shot are more susceptible to the flu. For older patients, receipt of both vaccines was related to nonsmoking status, believing that friends/family think the patient should be vaccinated, seeing posters advertising flu shot clinics, and belief that those who do not receive the flu shot are more susceptible to the flu. Our findings suggest that improving overall pneumococcal vaccination rates among eligible adults, has the potential to eliminate racial disparities. Interventions delivering vaccination messages specific to older and younger adult groups may be the best strategy for improving adult vaccination rates.
Sexual Health Among U.S. Black and Hispanic Men and Women: A Nationally Representative Study

ABSTRACT Introduction Little is known about the prevalence of sexual behaviors among the black and Hispanic populations in the United States outside the context of sexual risk and disease transmission in "high-risk" samples. Aim This study sought to establish current rates of sexual behaviors, sexual health care practices (i.e., experiences with testing and diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections [STIs]), and condom use in a probability sample of black and Hispanic adult men and women in the United States. Main Outcome Measures Sexual behaviors including solo masturbation, partnered masturbation, receiving oral sex and giving oral sex, vaginal intercourse, and anal intercourse were assessed. Self-reported rates of HIV and other STI testing, and self-reported history of STI diagnosis were examined. Also assessed were rates of condom use during most recent and past 10 vaginal intercourse events. Methods Data from a probability sample of 1246 black and Hispanic adults were analyzed to explore sexual behaviors, condom use, and STI testing and diagnosis trends. Results Masturbation, oral sex, and vaginal intercourse were prevalent among black and Hispanic men and women throughout the life course. Anal intercourse and same-gender sexual activities were less common. Self-reported rates of HIV testing were relatively high but varied by gender across age groups. Similarly, rates of testing for other STI were high and differed by gender across age groups. Overall rates of condom use among black and Hispanic men and women were relatively high and did not appear to be related to a variety of situational factors including location of sexual encounter, relationship status, other contraceptive use, and substance use during sexual activity. Conclusion These data provide a foundation for understanding diverse sexual behaviors, sexual health-care practices, and condom use among the general population of black and Hispanic men and women in the United States. Dodge B, Reece M, Herbenick D, Schick V, Sanders SA, and Fortenberry JD. Sexual health among U.S. black and Hispanic men and women: a nationally representative study. J Sex Med 2010;7(suppl 5):330–345.
Engineering the Processive Run Length of Myosin V

The processive motor myosin V has a high affinity for actin in the weak binding states when compared with non-processive myosins. Here we test whether this feature is essential for myosin V to walk processively along an actin filament. The net charge of loop 2, a surface loop implicated in the initial weak binding between myosin and actin, was increased or decreased to correspondingly change the affinity of myosin V for actin in the weak binding state, without changing the velocity of movement. Processive run lengths of single molecules were determined by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. Reducing the net positive charge of loop 2 significantly decreased both the affinity of myosin V for actin and the processive run length. Conversely, the addition of positive charge to loop 2 increased actin affinity and processive run length. We hypothesize that a high affinity for actin allows the detached head of a stepping myosin V to find its next actin binding site more quickly, thus decreasing the probability of run termination.