cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analytical Determination of Purity of 1-Piperidinocyclohexanecarbonitrile and Its Hydrobromide Salt

A common contaminant of illicit phencyclidine, 1 -piperidinocyclohexanecarbonitrile (I), is a very weak base compared to tertiary amines such as phencyclidine, 1-(cyclohexenyl)piperidine, and piperidine. Compound I and its hydrobromide salt can be selectively detected and quantitated in the presence of synthetic contaminants by nonaqueous titration with perchloric acid in acetonitrile. This method allows direct assay of I under conditions where decomposition is not observed.
Virtual Methods: Issues in Social Research on the Internet, by Christine Hine. New York: Berg Publishers, 2005. xiii + 242 pp. $28.95 paper. ISBN 1845200853

This anthology is a collection of case studies and reviews initially presented in a series of seminars between 2001 and 2003 at various universities in southern England. Each case study provides an...
Beyond Behavior: Goals of Cultural Learning in the Second Language Classroom.

In foreign language education where culture has been integrated as a core curricular component, a “categorical approach” to the concept of culture has been the mainstay. Depending on the orientation of the times, academic debate has been focused on what category of culture should be emphasized in the second language classroom. “Behavioral culture” has replaced “achievement culture” as the center of instruction in many foreign language programs. Although supporting its many premises, this article intends to point out the inadequacies of such a focus through an exposition of the original interconnectedness of each category of culture. Stressing the importance of the “cultural mind” in communicative processes, this article argues for going beyond behavior in the instruction of culture to identify, through an interdisciplinary approach, the values and beliefs that shaped a given behavior in a second culture in the first place.
Impulse response functions of terrestrial carbon cycle models: method and application

To provide a common currency for model comparison, validation and manipulation, we suggest and describe the use of impulse response functions, a concept well-developed in other fields, but only partially developed for use in terrestrial carbon cycle modelling. In this paper, we describe the derivation of impulse response functions, and then examine (i) the dynamics of a simple five-box biosphere carbon model; (ii) the dynamics of the CASA biosphere model, a spatially explicit NPP and soil carbon biogeochemistry model; and (iii) various diagnostics of the two models, including the latitudinal distribution of mean age, mean residence time and turnover time. We also (i) deconvolve the past history of terrestrial NPP from an estimate of past carbon sequestration using a derived impulse response function to test the performance of impulse response functions during periods of historical climate change; (ii) convolve impulse response functions from both the simple five-box model and the CASA model against a historical record of atmospheric δ 13C to estimate the size of the terrestrial 13C isotopic disequilibrium; and (iii) convolve the same impulse response functions against a historical record of atmospheric 14C to estimate the 14C content and isotopic disequilibrium of the terrestrial biosphere at the 1°x 1°scale. Given their utility in model comparison, and the fact that they facilitate a number of numerical calculations that are difficult to perform with the complex carbon turnover models from which they are derived, we strongly urge the inclusion of impulse response functions as a diagnostic of the perturbation response of terrestrial carbon cycle models.
Partial Parallelism and Partial Blockade by Bryostatin 1 of Effects of Phorbol Ester Tumor Promoters on Primary Mouse Epidermal Cells

Bryostatin 1, a macrocyclic lactone, functions like the phorbol esters biochemically in binding to and activating protein kinase C. Biologically, however, although it induces some phorbol ester responses such as mitogenesis in Swiss 3T3 cells, it paradoxically blocks the effects of the phorbol esters on differentiation in HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells and Friend erythroleukemia cells. Since the phorbol esters induce proliferation and terminal differentiation in distinct subpopulations of epidermal basal cells, we have now examined the action of bryostatin 1 in that system. Bryostatin 1 decreased epidermal growth factor binding and induced ornithine decarboxylase activity, the latter a marker of proliferation. The magnitude of the maximal induction of ornithine decarboxylase was less than for phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate. Bryostatin 1 only transiently caused the morphological change typical of phorbol ester treatment and did not induce transglutaminase or cornified envelope production, markers of the differentiative pathway. Combined treatment with bryostatin 1 and phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate gave similar results to treatment with bryostatin 1 alone, i.e., slight reduction to complete inhibition of phorbol ester action, depending on the response. The mechanism may reflect time dependent block of the protein kinase C pathway by bryostatin 1 in this system; although bryostatin 1 inhibited epidermal growth factor binding at short incubation times (1-2 h), by 4 h of incubation its inhibition was markedly reduced and it correspondingly blocked inhibition of epidermal growth factor binding by phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate. Since induction of terminal differentiation is proposed to be an essential component of phorbol ester mediated tumor promotion in skin, our findings suggest that bryostatin 1 may function as an inhibitor of phorbol ester promotion.
Demonstration of a photonic analog-to-digital converter scalable to 40 GS/s with 8-bit resolution

An initial system demonstration is shown for a CMOS-compatible optically-sampled analog-to-digital converter with potential to achieve 40 GS/s with 8-10 effective number of bits (ENOB). Using commercial components, 7.6 ENOB has been achieved.
The role of vision and spatial orientation in the maintenance of posture

This article reviews and analyzes the role of vision and spatial orientation in maintaining posture and balance. The key issues that relate to the development of postural control across the life span are discussed. Use of vision as a critical source of information that specifies spatial orientation in the environment is considered. We argue that the visual system functions as part of the perception-action cycle as promoted in ecological psychology by James Gibson. We compare and contrast theory and evidence of both standard and ecological accounts of how the visual system perceives the information and the findings relative to the role of the retinal vision in processing and acting on information related to motion. Changes in the ambient optical array (optical flow) as a non-force field are compared with gravity-based perturbations relative to the possible influence of the non-force field to changes in the motor system. Finally, a summary of some of our own work is presented, with comments about implications for further research and possible applications to clinical practice.
The role of surgical debulking in cancer of the uterine cervix

From 1978 to 1985, 159 women with advanced cervical cancer received definitive radiation therapy following extraperitoneal surgical staging including pelvic lymph node dissection and periaortic lymph node sampling. Relapse-free survival was a strong function of peritoneal and nodal metastases but was independent of clinical stage. The 5-year relapse-free rate fell from 86% in women without pelvic node metastases to 0% in those with unresectable pelvic node metastases. Women with microscopically positive pelvic node metastases had virtually the same (56%) relapse-free rate as those with grossly positive but completely resected metastases (57%). The overall pelvic failure rate was 16.4% and was significantly higher in women with unresectable pelvic node metastases. Periaortic and peritoneal metastases substantially increased the probability of recurrence. Although histologic grade was prognostically significant, histopathologic category was not. Severe enteric morbidity occurred in 3.6% of patients treated solely to the pelvis and in 7.9% of patients treated to the pelvis and periaortics. Therapeutic implications of debulking pelvic node metastases are discussed.
Hard scaling challenges for ab initio molecular dynamics capabilities in NWChem: Using 100,000 CPUs per second

An overview of the parallel algorithms for ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) used in the NWChem program package is presented, including recent developments for computing exact exchange. These algorithms make use of a two-dimensional processor geometry proposed by Gygi et al. for use in AIMD algorithms. Using this strategy, a highly scalable algorithm for exact exchange has been developed and incorporated into AIMD. This new algorithm for exact exchange employs an incomplete butterfly to overcome the bottleneck associated with exact exchange term, and it makes judicious use of data replication. Initial testing has shown that this algorithm can scale to over 20,000 CPUs even for a modest size simulation.
A Chronobiologic Approach to the Pharmacotherapy of Hypertension and Angina

OBJECTIVE:To review the chronobiology of hypertension and coronary artery disease and the application of chronotherapeutics to their treatment and prevention.DATA SOURCES:Clinical trials and review articles (English-language) on the topic of chronotherapy and cardiovascular disease were identified via a MEDLINE search from 1990 to March 2000, using the search terms chronotherapy, circadian rhythm, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and angina.DATA EXTRACTION:Search and evaluation focused on published clinical trials and review articles of circadian variation associated with pharmacotherapy for cardiovascular disease.DATA SYNTHESIS:The existence of circadian rhythm in cardiovascular disease is well established. Heart rate and blood pressure peak during the morning hours and reach a nadir at bedtime. The incidence of myocardial infarction, stroke, sudden cardiac death, and myocardial ischemia also increases during the early-morning hours. Based on these relationships, researchers have begun to apply the ...
From chick nutrition to nutrition policy.

▪ Abstract It is difficult to abstract a summary of a lifetime of work. I have chosen to discuss research on protein, calcium, and the effects of dietary fat and cholesterol on serum cholesterol and on my activities that led to the publication of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Among the conclusions from studies on protein and calcium is that reasonably healthy people are adapted to their current diets. People all over the world, for example, are raised on relatively low calcium intakes yet have less osteoporosis than those who consume western-style diets. They also appear to do reasonably well on low-lysine intakes. Attempts to define requirements need to allow for adaptation, and we need to determine whether such adaptations are beneficial or detrimental to health. The studies on serum cholesterol defined the role of the various classes of fatty acids. The publication of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans introduced a new era of nutrition and has radically altered nutrition policy, nutrition sta...
SPATIAL PARTITIONING OF HOST HABITAT BY CHEWING LICE OF THE GENERA GEOMYDOECUS AND THOMOMYDOECUS (PHTHIRAPTERA: TRICHODECTIDAE)

Chewing lice, Geomydoecus and Thomomydoecus, coexist on pocket gophers, Thomomys spp. We investigated the spatial distribution of the 2 genera on their hosts and explored possible mechanisms of resource partitioning by chewing lice. Chewing lice appear to partition available host resources spatially, with Geomydoecus occurring primarily on the lateral and dorsal regions of the host, and Thomomydoecus occurring primarily on the lateral and ventral regions. Although spatial partitioning of the host habitat is evident, it does not appear to be explained by hair diameter. Spatial partitioning of the host's body could be the result of some other factor, possibly temperature or humidity gradients of the host's body.
Does the 7s gap indicate neutrino oscillations

The question of the manifestation of neutrino oscillations in the recently observed supernova neutrino burst is examined. A mass and mixing angle are calculated. Experimental checks are proposed.
GPT: a web-server to map phylogenetic trees on a virtual globe

GPT (Global Positioning Trees) is a web-server that maps phylogenetic trees on a virtual globe. 12 The minimum requirements are a phylogenetic tree and geographical coordinates of leaves to 13 generate a Keyhole Markup Language (KML) file that can be viewed on Google Earth. An 14 advantage of GPT is the results may be pre-visualized directly on the web. This web-server also 15 implements several tools to display geolocation and geotrack data. GPT has been designed to be 16 an easy-to-use tool to track evolutionary processes and will be useful for phylogeographical and 17 spatial epidemiological studies. It covers a wide-range of visualizations divided in three 18 components increasingly complex: geolocation, geotrack and GPT. This web-server is freely 19 available at http://ppuigbo.me/programs/GPT and only requires Internet access, a web browser, 20 and an earth browser able to read KML files. Several examples and a tutorial are accessible from 21 the web-server’s home page. 22
Attitudes of Health Care Providers Toward LGBT Patients: The Need for Cultural Sensitivity Training.

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Health Care Providers' Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Lesbian Women and Gay Men" by J.A. Sabin, R.G. Riskind, and B.A. Nosek which appears in a 2015 issue of the journal, and it mentions cultural sensitivity training.
Rotorcraft Slope Landings with Articulated Landing Gear

Rotorcraft are uniquely suited to operate in remote areas, primarily due to their ability to perform vertical takeoffs and landings. However, the slope of the landing surface can severely limit viable landing areas. Adding robotic articulated landing gear to a rotorcraft increases the number of degrees of freedom that can be used to land on an irregular surface. Instead of relying on the rotor thrust magnitude and direction to land safely, the gear can also be used to conform more closely with the ground, potentially allowing for quicker and safer landings. The current work presents a multi-body simulation tool to simulate the dynamics of a rotorcraft with robotic gear landing on sloped terrain, including overall system motion, loads computation, and stress analysis. Through dynamic simulation and analysis it is shown that a robotic legged landing gear system can substantially expand the slope and type of terrain for landing with a small increase in landing gear system weight.
Influence of mating and age on susceptibility of the beetle Anoplophora glabripennis to the fungal pathogen Metarhizium brunneum

The age and life history of an insect can influence its susceptibility to pathogens. Reproduction can be costly and may trade off with immunity while it is generally assumed that immunity will decrease with increasing age through a process called immunosenescence. Fungal pathogens are used as biological control agents for a variety of insect pests, and Metarhizium brunneum is being developed to control the Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis), an invasive wood-borer. Because adult female A. glabripennis take 1-2weeks to mature after eclosion and both sexes can be long-lived, we investigated how age and mating status would influence susceptibility of A. glabripennis to M. brunneum. Young (6.5day-old) unmated, mature (27-33day-old) mated and unmated, and old (57-71day-old) unmated and mated adults were inoculated with a lethal dose of M. brunneum. The presence of M. brunneum in the hemolymph was quantified and beetle mortality was monitored daily. There was a cost to reproduction for mated mature male and female beetles which died a median of 1.6-1.9days earlier than unmated beetles, while there was no effect of mating on susceptibility for old beetles. We found no evidence for immunosenescence in old beetles, as they did not die faster than young or mature beetles. Young unmated males however were more susceptible than mature or old unmated males, while there was no effect of age on susceptibility of unmated females.
Construction of Over-expression Vector of BGIOSGA013293- DX,a Novel Gene of Coldinducible Expression,in Dongxiang Wild Rice and Its Genetic Transformation into Rice

Based on the analysis of expression profile data,the full length c DNA of BGIOSGA013293- DX gene encoding helix-loop-helix protein with a high expression after cold treatment was cloned from the cold-tolerant Dongxiang wild rice by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction( RT- PCR) with the primers designed on the basis of sequence information in the public database,and its over-expression vector was then constructed. The sequence alignment analysis showed that there were 335 amino acids encoded by the gene in Dongxiang wild rice while there were only 308 amino acids encoded by the gene in 93-11. The extra 27 amino acids in Dongxiang wild rice were linked together with their serial No. from 187 to 213. The other 308 amino acids were the same except for No. 81 amino acid between 93-11 and Dongxiang wild rice. By the agrobacterium-mediated method,the gene BGIOSGA013293- DX was transformed into the receptor rice variety 93-11. Nine over-expression transgenic rice plants were obtained. After the PCR detection of hygromycin resistance gene and GUS test,they were found to be positive transgenic plants carrying BGIOSGA013293- DX.
The Role of Social Mobilization in Controlling Ebola Virus in Lofa County, Liberia

The West Africa Ebola virus epidemic now appears to be coming to an end. In the proposed model, we simulate changes in population behavior that help to explain the observed transmission dynamics. We introduce an EVD transmission model accompanied by a model of social mobilization. The model was fit to Lofa County, Liberia through October 2014, using weekly counts of new cases reported by the US CDC. In simulation studies, we analyze the dynamics of the disease transmission with and without population behavior change, given the availability of beds in Ebola treatment units (ETUs) estimated from observed data. Only the model scenario that included individuals' behavioral change achieved a good fit to the observed case counts. Although the capacity of the Lofa County ETUs greatly increased in mid-August, our simulations show that the expansion was insufficient to alone control the outbreak. Modeling the entire outbreak without considering behavior change fit the data poorly, and extrapolating from early data without taking behavioral changes into account led to a prediction of exponential outbreak growth, contrary to the observed decline. Education and awareness-induced behavior change in the population was instrumental in curtailing the Ebola outbreak in Lofa County and is likely playing an important role in stopping the West Africa epidemic altogether.
Carotid chemoreflex. Neural pathways and transmitters.

The chemoreceptor projection site encompasses a midline area (0-0.5 mm caudal, 0-0.5 mm lateral and 0.3-0.5 deep with respect to the calamus scriptorius) which includes the commissural subnucleus of NTS. The chemosensitive neurons located in this site fire tonically, without any rhythmic relation to the phrenic nerve bursts, and are not responsive to baroreceptor stimulation. These neurons may serve as a pre-central pattern generator for respiration. The mechanisms which mediate respiratory responses (i.e., PN responses) to carotid chemoreceptor stimulation are as follows. Activation of carotid chemoreceptors results in the release of an excitatory amino acid (probably glutamate) in the chemoreceptor projection site; both NMDA and non-NMDA receptors in this site mediate the responses to chemoreceptor stimulation. The chemosensitive neurons send projections (which have not been identified yet) to respiratory neurons. Unlike in the neonatal rat, the inspiratory drive to the phrenic motoneurons is mediated by both NMDA and non-NMDA receptors. The PN response to chemoreceptor stimulation are also mediated by NMDA and non-NMDA receptors located in the phrenic motor nucleus. Cardiovascular responses to chemoreceptor stimulation are mediated by neural pathways connecting the chemosensitive neurons to the rostral ventrolateral medullary pressor area. These projections are glutamatergic. Activation of the sympatho-excitatory neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla results in pressor and tachycardic responses characteristic of chemoreceptor activation.
Control of Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) with Foliar Insecticides, 2011

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of several conventional and novel insecticides against a new invasive thrips pest, chilli thrips (CT), Scirtothrips dorsalis (Hood), in pepper under greenhouse condition. The trial was conducted at Tropical Research and Education Center in Homestead, FL, to find an alternative to standard effective chemistries used in thrips control. The peppers were grown in Fafard 2 Mix (Canadian Formula; Conrad Fafard, Inc., Agawam, MA) from seed in seedling trays and transplanted in 1 gal plastic pot when seedlings were 7-wk old …
Investigation of the chemo-mechanical coupling in lithiation/delithiation of amorphous Si through simulations of Si thin films and Si nanospheres

Abstract A strong asymmetric rate behavior between lithiation and delithiation has been observed in amorphous Si (a-Si) anode in the form of thin films, but not in other geometries, such as Si nanospheres. This work investigated the rate behavior of the two geometries through numerical simulations. The results reveal that the rate behavior is affected by the geometry and the constraint of the electrode, the chemo-mechanical coupling, and the prior process. A substrate-constrained film has a relatively low surface/volume ratio and a constant surface area. Its lithiation has a great tendency to be hindered by surface limitation. The chemo-mechanical coupling also plays an important role. The stress profiles differ in the two geometries but both affect the lithiation process more than the delithiation process. The overall delithiation capacity is affected very little by the chemo-mechanical coupling. In cyclic loading, the delithiation capacity is reduced at the same rate as the lithiation capacity because of the low initial state of charge in the electrode. The asymmetric rate behavior was absent under cyclic loading. On the other hand, a slow charging process resulted in a better retained delithiation capacity and an asymmetric rate behavior at higher rates.
Genetic Testing as a New Standard for Clinical Diagnosis of Color Vision Deficiencies

Purpose The genetics underlying inherited color vision deficiencies is well understood: causative mutations change the copy number or sequence of the long (L), middle (M), or short (S) wavelength sensitive cone opsin genes. This study evaluated the potential of opsin gene analyses for use in clinical diagnosis of color vision defects.
A Surface-Coupled Optical Trap with 1-bp Precision via Active Stabilization.

Optical traps can measure bead motions with A-scale precision. However, using this level of precision to infer 1-bp motion of molecular motors along DNA is difficult, since a variety of noise sources degrade instrumental stability. In this chapter, we detail how to improve instrumental stability by (1) minimizing laser pointing, mode, polarization, and intensity noise using an acousto-optical-modulator mediated feedback loop and (2) minimizing sample motion relative to the optical trap using a three-axis piezo-electric-stage mediated feedback loop. These active techniques play a critical role in achieving a surface stability of 1 A in 3D over tens of seconds and a 1-bp stability and precision in a surface-coupled optical trap over a broad bandwidth (Δf = 0.03-2 Hz) at low force (6 pN). These active stabilization techniques can also aid other biophysical assays that would benefit from improved laser stability and/or A-scale sample stability, such as atomic force microscopy and super-resolution imaging.
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor of the C2 Nerve Root: Case Report

Here we present the case of a 36-year-old man who was found to have a symptomatic malignant neural sheath tumor growing from the C2 nerve root following a period of progressively worsening headaches. The patient was successfully treated with surgical resection resulting in resolution of cranial nerve deficits. Though uncommon, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor must be considered in the differential diagnosis of tumors involving the cervical nerve roots and carotid space.
Adaptive Control of a Class of Nonlinear Systems with Unknown Dead-Zones

Abstract An adaptive control design is proposed for systems with an unknown dead-zone at the input of a smooth nonlinear dynamics which can be transformed into the parametric-strid-feedback form . The adaptive controller contains an adaptive dead-zone inverse to cancel the dead-zone and is designed using the backstepping method for adaptive nonlinear control. The adaptive control scheme ensures closed-loop signal boundedness.
A nano-indentation study of the mechanical propeties of thin surface layers affected by manufacturing processes

Abstracts Nano-indentation has become an important tool in the study of mechanical properties of solids at small length scales, ever since its formulation as a technique in the early 1980s [1]. The small size of an indentation, typically one micrometer or less, makes it a potentially attractive tool also for the quantitative study of surface layers in monolithic solids. Here, we report results from a study in which nano-indentation has been combined with taper-sectioning to analyze the mechanical properties of thin surface layers affected by manufacturing processes. The so-called white etching layer (WL) produced in steel surfaces by machining and abrasion has been characterized. The WL is found to have a hardness in the range of 11.5 GPa–16.2 GPa, which is significantly greater than that of untempered martensite produced by heat treatment processes. The grain size within the WL is shown to be in the sub-micrometer range with values ranging typically between 30 nm and 500 nm, making the layer a nano-crystalline structure. The so-called “burn-layer” produced on ground surfaces of steels is found to have a hardness distribution very similar to that of a white layer, suggesting that the two layers are of the same type. Localized hardening and softening of surface layers, over spatial extents of a few micro-meters, caused by material removal processes are accurately resolved by the combined use of nano-indentation and taper-sectioning. The taper-sectioning/nano-indentation approach is also shown to be a good procedure for characterizing the hardness and Young's modulus of PVD-TiN films deposited on hard material substrates.
Easier Seen Than Done: Merely Watching Others Perform Can Foster an Illusion of Skill Acquisition:

Modern technologies such as YouTube afford unprecedented access to the skilled performances of other people. Six experiments ( N = 2,225) reveal that repeatedly watching others can foster an illusion of skill acquisition. The more people merely watch others perform (without actually practicing themselves), the more they nonetheless believe they could perform the skill, too (Experiment 1). However, people's actual abilities-from throwing darts and doing the moonwalk to playing an online game-do not improve after merely watching others, despite predictions to the contrary (Experiments 2-4). What do viewers see that makes them think they are learning? We found that extensive viewing allows people to track what steps to take (Experiment 5) but not how those steps feel when taking them. Accordingly, experiencing a "taste" of performing attenuates the illusion: Watching others juggle but then holding the pins oneself tempers perceived change in one's own ability (Experiment 6). These findings highlight unforeseen problems for self-assessment when watching other people.
Governance Lessons from Urban Informality

We locate this issue’s papers on a spectrum of radicalism. We then examine that spectrum, and the governance mechanisms described, through the lens of a significant arena of urban counter-planning: the urban informal economy. Drawing on our own research on self-organization by informal workers and settlers, as well as broader literatures, we suggest useful lessons for reinventing urban governance.
Deflection of a molecular beam using the bichromatic stimulated force

We demonstrate that a bichromatic standing-wave laser field can exert a significantly larger force on a molecule than ordinary radiation pressure. Our experiment measures the deflection of a pulsed supersonic beam of CaF molecules by a two-frequency laser field detuned symmetrically about resonance with the nearly closed $X(v=0)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}B({v}^{\ensuremath{'}}=0)$ transition. The inferred force as a function of relative phase between the two counterpropagating beams is in reasonable agreement with numerical simulations of the bichromatic force in this multilevel system. The large magnitude of the force, coupled with the reduced rate of spontaneous emission, indicates its potential utility in the production and manipulation of ultracold molecules.
Occupational mobility, January 2004

Lynn Shniper is an economist in the Office of Employment and Unemployment Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics. E-mail: Shniper_L@bls.gov W economic conditions are favorable, individuals may have more opportunities to change jobs to earn more money, do the kind of work they prefer, or reduce their commuting time. Conversely, when economic conditions are less favorable, fewer opportunities with such desirable characteristics may be available. Economic conditions or some other factor—completing school, for example—can prompt a change of occupation. If an individual is employed in one period (January 2005, for example) and changes occupations by the next period (January 2006), occupational mobility has occurred. The occupational mobility rate is the number of individuals employed in two time periods who change occupations divided by the number of individuals employed in both periods. According to the Current Population Survey (CPS), around 137 million persons aged 16 or older were employed in January 2004 (data are not seasonally adjusted). About 123 million persons were employed in January of 2004 and of 2003, of which nearly 9 million changed occupations at the most detailed level. Thus, the overall occupational mobility rate was 7.25 percent. This report examines occupational mobility data for the January 2003 to January 2004 period for selected demographic and employment characteristics and compares historical data with current data.1 A concept related to occupational mobility is job mobility. Job mobility occurs when an individual stops working for one employer and begins work for another. Occupational mobility can occur with or without job mobility. An example of occupational mobility without job mobility would be if a carpenter who works for a general building contractor changes occupations by being promoted into a management position for the same contractor. An example of occupational mobility with job mobility would be if the carpenter changed employers to work outside the construction field, such as working at the local fire department as a firefighter. Occupational mobility has not occurred if the carpenter leaves one contractor for another while continuing to work as a carpenter. Labor turnover, another Bureau of Labor Statistics measure, is different from both job and occupational mobility; turnover measures the separations of employees from establishments, but does not reveal whether the employee found work elsewhere.
Other Heart Disease

This chapter discusses the remaining common cardiac disorders, such as peripartum cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, and HOCM. The anesthetic management of these patients during pregnancy and during labor is also discussed.
Biological Control of Postharvest Spoilage in Fresh Mandarins ( Citrus Reticulata Blanco) Fruits Using Bacteria During Storage

Citrus fruit can be infected by many fungal pathogens, and these pathogens cause considerable losses during storage and transportation. Recently, biological control methods of postharvest diseases are getting more prevalent due to the effects of chemical residues on fruits. The present study was carried out to determine the antifungal activities of a total of four candidate biocontrol bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis TV-6F, B. subtilis TV-17C, Pseudomonas flourescens RK-1105 and Agrobacterium rubi RK-33) against some pathogenic fungi (Alternaria alternata, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Pythium ultimum, Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum) on Petri plate assays. They were also tested to evaluate the potential application of the bacteria to bio-control postharvest decay on mandarin fruits during storage. In addition, they were tested to investigate the enzyme activities of the bacteria. The results of the present study showed that all non-pathogenic bacterial strains showed less or more antifungal activity against the tested pathogens on Petri plate assays. They were also significantly reduced disease severity on mandarin fruits during storage. Chitinase, glucanase and protease enzyme activities of the bacteria were positive except A. rubi RK-33. B. subtilis TV-17C and A. rubi RK-33 strains were the most effective bacteria. In controlling postharvest decay of mandarin fruit, these bacterial strains can be used as new bio-control agents. Hence, further study is necessary to develop a long-term carrier material, to complete cytotoxicity using human cell, ecotoxicity and toxicity tests of these bacterial strains on target organisms.
Reducing Web Page Complexity to Facilitate Effective User Navigation

As a website evolves to align with users’ changing information needs and interests, its structure can outgrow the original design, accumulating links and pages in unanticipated places. This increases complexity to both web pages and the navigation structure, which could cause difficulty in locating relevant links and information. Though the increasing complexity of website and its impact on users’ psychological perception have been anecdotally well-recognized, the need to address it with a formal and rigorous method is understudied in the literature. This paper is one of the first studies to examine how to streamline website structures to enhance user navigation. We use a widely used metric in the literature - a page's outdegree (the number of links in a page) - as the measurement for complexity, because it not only serves as a good proximity for page complexity but also has a significant implication on website structure. We propose a method based on mathematical programming (MP) model that can significantly reduce users’ cognitive load by effectively eliminating appropriate links from pages with high complexity. We have performed extensive experiments on both a real dataset and very large synthetic datasets with statistical similarities to the real dataset. The results indicate that our method not only significantly reduces web page and structure complexity with very small impact to user navigation, but also can be effectively solved and scales up remarkably well, suggesting it is useful for website maintenance on a progressive basis. In addition, we conduct a study to evaluate the performance of streamlined website structures using the real dataset and the results confirm the validity of our method.
School Employees as Health Care Brokers for Multiply-Marginalized Migrant Families

ABSTRACTStructural vulnerability illuminates how social positionings shape outcomes for marginalized individuals, like migrant farmworkers, who are often Latino, indigenous, and/or undocumented. Furthering scholarship on negotiating constraints, we explore how school employees (here, Migrant Advocates) broker health care access for migrant farmworker families. Ethnographic research in central Florida showed that Advocates perform similar functions as community health workers while experiencing similar dilemmas. We propose combining medical anthropological insights with the CDC’s Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child model, conceptualizing schools as an important site for families’ wellbeing, recognizing brokerage roles of staff, and offering new directions for migrant health scholars.
Low-altitude contour mapping of radiation fields using UAS swarm

This paper addresses the design of lightweight radiation sensors for the small-scale unmanned aerial system (UAS) and its implementation for low-altitude radiation source localization and contour mapping. The compact high-resolution gamma-ray CZT sensors were integrated into UAS platforms as plug-and-play components using robot operating system. The swarm of UAS has advantages over a single agent-based approach in detecting radiative sources and effectively mapping the area. The proposed swarm consists of three UAS platforms in a circular formation. The proposed approach can potentially be used for low-altitude clustered environments where a conventional helicopter-based platform cannot be utilized. It can provide a relatively precise boundary of the safe area for potential human exploration as well as enhancing situation awareness capabilities for first responders. The source seeking and contour mapping algorithms are developed based on a simple 1/R2 radiation field, but they are validated in more realistic radiation field having multiple sources and physical structures with scattering and attenuation effects simulated by MCNP code. Also, gradient estimation and contour mapping algorithms are validated experimentally with small-scale multicopter platforms in the indoor flight testbed.
Machine learning for surveillance of fluid leakage from reservoir using only injection rates and bottomhole pressures

Abstract Carbon-neutral economies would require preventing the release of industrial-scale CO2 into the atmosphere by injecting into geologic formations. Large-scale injection of CO2 into deep reservoirs carries a potential for its undesired leakage into above zones, which can act as an obstacle to its large-scale implementation. Current methods for surveillance of CO2 leaks are costly and not very robust, especially the methods that simulate expected pressure behavior based on an assumed reservoir model. This study proposes a machine learning method for surveillance of fluid leakage using deconvolution response function (a non-linear function of time varying bottomhole pressure and injection rates) from injection and monitoring wells as a measure of leakage that is simulated via multivariate linear regression of all the wells present in the reservoir. Leakage is detected by comparing “expected” (baseline without leaks) deconvolution response of all monitoring wells with their “observed” deconvolution response. Three key advantages of the proposed method are that it i) uses only injection rates and bottomhole pressure data (with no reservoir or geological model), ii) is independent of physical process parameterization uncertainties, and iii) applicable to both conventional and unconventional (e.g. fractured tight formations) reservoirs with any fluid (e.g. compressible, incompressible). The proposed method is first trained to learn well history with no leakage, followed by its validation after which it can be used to detect leakage by tracking a meaningful deviation error (at least twenty times the error of no leakage base scenario over same time period) between expected well response and observed well response at all monitoring wells. The well history required for the proposed method comes directly from measurements made at wells in a real field, but in absence of field data the proposed method is illustrated through well history simulated by reservoir simulations; no such numerical simulations are required for application of this method in a real world scenario with well measurements.
Spectra from Molecular Dynamics.

Abstract : It has been shown, for systems for which the potential energy and the appropriate connection to the radiation field (dipole moment or polarizability) are known sufficiently accurately, that infrared, electronic, and nonresonance Raman spectra can be computed from classical molecular dynamics followed by simple quantum corrections to the spectra. Note that no adjustable parameters are needed for any of the spectra presented here. These essentially classical spectra can be compared to experimentally measured spectra to check that the underlying computed dynamics are correct, and the agreement illustrated here indicated that a basically classical view of the atomic motions involved in these spectra is a useful one, in harmony with our well calibrated physical intuition.
Abstract TP304: Mimicking Acute Stroke Findings With a Digital Avatar

Introduction: It is now well-accepted that simulation-based learning (SBL) is an important component of medical education. At our institution, we have a state-of-the-art simulation center, and SBL ...
Access to psychoanalysis and psychotherapy in the US

This paper summarizes the place of psychotherapy and psychoanalysis in the US health care system. It addresses trends in the field, tensions between biomedical and biopsychosocial models of mental ...
A Pseudospectral Time-Domain Simulator for Large-Scale Half-Space Electromagnetic Scattering and Radar Sounding Applications

This paper describes a 2D Pseudospectral Time-Domain (PSTD) full-wave simulator for solving large-scale half-space electromagnetic scattering problems with the application of radar sounding of planetary subsurfaces. New domain designs are developed to efficiently simulate 2D scattering of half-space media for normal and oblique incidence from arbitrary wave sources. The simulated 2D bistatic scattering radar cross width (RCW) is compared with the analytical solutions of random rough surfaces with various choices of grid sampling resolution. The PSTD solver is applied to a passive sounding problem with SAR focusing. An example of using the solver is shown for emulating three-dimensional large-scale radar sounding problems with cross-track surface and subsurface scattering. The PSTD solver is both memory-efficient and accurate for sounding applications, and particularly useful to simulate large-scale radar sounding returns and SAR focused imagery.
Conservation of Rh negative Low Titer O Whole Blood (LTOWB) and the need for a national conversation to define its use in trauma transfusion protocols.

Low-titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) use is growing steadily in the United States. Although the percentage of O negative LTOWB use by Red Cross hospitals has remained steady at ~23% over the last 2 years, this elevated use rate is twice that of O negative RBC components. Given the more restricted group O donor pool, this level of use will make it difficult to expand the use of this product. Evaluation of hospital practices regarding females of childbearing potential show significant variability with some hospitals transfusing O positive, with others choosing to restrict this population to O negative LTOWB or only O negative RBC component therapy. To ensure access of LTOWB to all patients who may benefit and to maintain sufficient supplies, we recommend developing standardized practice recommendations for its use.
The Last Lincoln Republican: The Presidential Election of 1880

The 1876 presidential election commands our attention with its acrimony, violence, and symbolic power as the signal of Reconstruction’s demise. In contrast, subsequent presidential contests—at leas...
Research on precise ammonia injection technology in thermal power plant

Under the situation of ultra-low emission in China, SCR denitration system generally has the problem of high ammonia escape from the reactor outlet, and the escape ammonia reacts with SO3 in flue gas to generate NH4HSO4, which will aggravate the blockage of air preheater and affect the denitration efficiency, so the ammonia injection has a great impact on the NOx emission concentration of power plant. In this paper, how to accurately spray ammonia in SCR denitration system is introduced in detail, that is, after the flow field partition optimization of denitration system, the corresponding advanced measurement system, advanced control system and actuator are added combined with the partition.
Monte-Carlo modeling and design of a high-resolution hyperspectral computed tomography system with multi-material patterned anodes for material identification applications

The goal of this work is to develop an x-ray computed tomography (CT) capability that delivers improved imaging resolutions while reliably identifying the material composition of the interrogated object. Through the use of a hyperspectral x-ray detector along with a multi-metal patterned anode, one can simultaneously enhance achievable spatial resolution and improve the spectral signal through the use of energy intervals that capture the k-lines of each material present in the anode. This paper will present preliminary Monte-Carlo results of the anode design and simulated CT datasets along with the applied machine learning techniques to identify materials and their concentrations.
Towards Sparse Federated Analytics: Location Heatmaps under Distributed Differential Privacy with Secure Aggregation.

We design a scalable algorithm to privately generate location heatmaps over decentralized data from millions of user devices. It aims to ensure differential privacy before data becomes visible to a service provider while maintaining high data accuracy and minimizing resource consumption on users' devices. To achieve this, we revisit the distributed differential privacy concept based on recent results in the secure multiparty computation field and design a scalable and adaptive distributed differential privacy approach for location analytics. Evaluation on public location datasets shows that this approach successfully generates metropolitan-scale heatmaps from millions of user samples with a worst-case client communication overhead that is significantly smaller than existing state-of-the-art private protocols of similar accuracy.
The Dialectic of Progress and the Cultivation of Resistance in Critical Social Theory

Beginning with the influential discussion of the dialectic of progress found in Amy Allen’s The End of Progress, this paper outlines some difficulties encountered by critical theories of normative ...