cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pyroelectric coupling in thin film photovoltaics

We propose a theory of thin film photovoltaics in which one of the polycrystalline films is made of a pyroelectric material grains such as CdS. That film is shown to generate strong polarization improving the device open circuit voltage. Implications and supporting facts for the major photovoltaic types based on CdTe and CuIn(Ga)Se 2 absorber layers are discussed.
Hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase activity amd cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase activity in neonatal guinea pig

Abstract Optimal assay conditions for hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase activity in the guinea pig were determined. These two enzyme activities were studied in the liver of newborn guinea pigs during the first three postnatal weeks. Hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity of neonatal guinea pigs was similar to that of adult animals. However, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase activity of newborns was about one-third of that in adult guinea pigs. This finding suggests that the system for bile acid synthesis in the neonatal guinea pigs is underdeveloped.
Development of Reactive Flow Models for Energetic Materials

In order to make the process of material model development more systematic for energetic materials, we have developed a procedure that makes use of nonlinear optimization to derive optimal values of parameters in the material models. A framework has been developed that makes use of the optimization software package DAKOTA driving the hydrocode CTH (both CTH and DAKOTA are developed and maintained at Sandia National Laboratories). CTH was used to model a set of characterization experiments that were used as the basis for the calibration of a particular model; for example, the cylinder test was used to calibrate the JWL equation of state, and the wedge test for the HVRB reactive burn model. As a verification test of the framework, we have determined material model constants for TNT and compared them to values published in the literature.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Crystal-field-induced magnetic frustration in Nd M In 5 and Nd 2 M In 8 ( M = Rh , Ir) antiferromagnets

We have synthesized the series of compounds $\mathrm{Nd}M{\mathrm{In}}_{5}$ and ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{2}M{\mathrm{In}}_{8}$ in single crystal form, where $M=\mathrm{Rh}$ or Ir. These materials form in tetragonal derivatives of the ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}\mathrm{Au}$-structure NdIn${}_{3}$ compound. Measurements of magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity, and low-temperature heat capacity are reported. These compounds order antiferromagnetically at low temperature ${(T}_{N}l14 \mathrm{K})$ and the evolution of their magnetic properties depends on the crystal-field ground-state configuration. Comparison between the present data and magnetic properties of the isostrucutural new heavy fermion compounds $\mathrm{Ce}(\mathrm{Rh},\mathrm{Ir}){\mathrm{In}}_{5}$ and ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{2}(\mathrm{Rh},\mathrm{Ir}){\mathrm{In}}_{8}$ suggests that crystal field effects and magnetic anisotropy should be taken into account to understand the rich phase diagram of these compounds.
A Model of Technology, Domestic Distribution and North-South Relations

This article describes the macroeconomic model used in an ongoing study of technology policies and North South relations. Other aspects of the study have been described elsewhere. We examine here the rationale for the theoretical structure used in the model. ,the details of the equations. and a computation of solutions. To illustrate the dynamics of the model. a brief discussion is also given of the preliminary results that indicate critical relationships between domestic technology and income distributions and the North-South terms of trade. The results are based on a calibration of the model using data for Brazil and the United Kingdom.
Gangliocytic paragangliomas of the duodenum. A report of two cases with light and electron microscopic examination

Two cases of benign polypoid tumors of the duodenal submucosa are reported. Both were located in the second portion of the duodenum. The first was found incidentally during surgery for a pyloric ulcer; the second became itself superficially ulcerated and gave rise to clinical symptoms. The tumors were composed of clusters and ribbons of columnar epithelioid cells with transitions to more spindly elements and to well-developed ganglion cells. Nerve fibrils could be impregnated emanating from all these cell types. Under the electron microscope (case 1), the ganglion cells as well as the epithelioid and spindly elements contained granules with a central dark core and a membranous envelope characteristic of catecholamine granules. These tumors have light and electron microscopic features seen in paragangliomas as well as ganglioneuromas. They differ from the chemodectomas as seen in the carotid body or glomus jugulare area by: 1. the absence of a chemoreceptor organ in the normal duodenum, 2. the very large number of nerve cells and precursors in the duodenal tumors, sometimes giving the appearance of a ganglioneuroma, and, 3. the so far uniformly benign behavior of these tumors in contrast to the known occurrence of malignant paragangliomas in other parts of the body. The name “gangliocytic paraganglioma” is suggested for these duodenal lesions. We believe, with Taylor and Helwig, that these lesions represent a transitional or hybrid form of tumor between gangliocytomas and the nonchromaffin paragangliomas.
Projection-speckle digital-correlation method for surface-displacement measurement

A whole-field projection-speckle technique to measure out of plane displacements of initially flat structures has been presented. The method is based on digital correlation of images obtained from a TV camera. An improved digital-correlation function has been derived and described along with the analysis scheme. An instrumentation system based on a desktop computer has been set up to implement the method. Experimental results from simple static tests have been used to validate the technique.
The link between ion permeation and inactivation gating of Kv4 potassium channels.

Kv4 potassium channels undergo rapid inactivation but do not seem to exhibit the classical N-type and C-type mechanisms present in other Kv channels. We have previously hypothesized that Kv4 channels preferentially inactivate from the preopen closed state, which involves regions of the channel that contribute to the internal vestibule of the pore. To further test this hypothesis, we have examined the effects of permeant ions on gating of three Kv4 channels (Kv4.1, Kv4.2, and Kv4.3) expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Rb+ is an excellent tool for this purpose because its prolonged residency time in the pore delays K+ channel closing. The data showed that, only when Rb+ carried the current, both channel closing and the development of macroscopic inactivation are slowed (1.5- to 4-fold, relative to the K+ current). Furthermore, macroscopic Rb+ currents were larger than K+ currents (1.2- to 3-fold) as the result of a more stable open state, which increases the maximum open probability. These results demonstrate that pore occupancy can influence inactivation gating in a manner that depends on how channel closing impacts inactivation from the preopen closed state. By examining possible changes in ionic selectivity and the influence of elevating the external K+ concentration, additional experiments did not support the presence of C-type inactivation in Kv4 channels.
Privatization in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Insights from and into the craft of interorganizational process analysis.

International efforts to help Bosnia and Herzegovina privatize its state-owned enterprises proved dif.cult, but the complex web of interorganizational relationships (IORs) among international donors, implementers, contractors, and local players, at times, seemed even more daunting to effective implementation of reforms than the technical dif.culties of the task itself. By employing a theoretical framework of IOR development over time, important stages in the evolution of the International Advisory Group on Privatization were identi.ed, and variables within each discussed. Analysis employed linear and nonlinear process logics to help explain what linked some variables withinand betweenthese various phases. Insights seemed valuable for practitioners seeking to implement interdependent tasks, organizational representatives trying to form relationships with others, and scholars trying to understand process theories of IOR formation. In addition, this research provides an introduction to the complexities of in...
Contribution of alcoholism to brain dysmorphology in HIV infection: Effects on the ventricles and corpus callosum

Abstract Nonrigid registration and atlas-based parcellation methods were used to compare the volume of the ventricular system and the cross-sectional area of the midsagittal corpus callosum on brain MRIs from 272 subjects in four groups: patients with HIV infection, with and without alcoholism comorbidity, alcoholics, and controls. Prior to testing group differences in regional brain metrics, each measure was corrected by regression analysis for significant correlations with supratentorial cranial volume and age, observed in 121 normal control men and women, whose age spanned six decades. Disregarding HIV disease severity, we observed a graded pattern of modest enlargement of the total ventricular system (0.28 SD for uncomplicated HIV, 0.65 SD for HIV comorbid with alcoholism, and 0.72 SD for the alcoholism group). The pattern of callosal thinning showed a similar but small (∼0.5 SD) graded effect. A different pattern emerged, however, when HIV severity in the context of alcoholism comorbidity was factored into the analysis. Substantially greater volume abnormalities were present in individuals with a history of an AIDS-defining event or low CD4+ T cell counts (≤200 mm 3 ) irrespective of alcoholism comorbidity, and the effect of HIV severity was disproportionately exacerbated by alcoholism comorbidity, with 1 SD size deficit in the genu of corpus callosum and nearly 2 SD greater volume of the frontal and body regions of the ventricles for the AIDS + alcohol comorbid group. The differences in brain volumes between the AIDS groups with vs. without alcoholism could not be attributed to differences in HIV disease severity, defined by CD4+ count, viral load, or Karnofsky score. The substantial effect of the alcoholism–AIDS interaction on ventricular and callosal dysmorphology, in the context of the modest changes observed in non-AIDS, nonalcohol abusing HIV-infected individuals, highlight the need to consider alcohol use disorders as a major risk factor for neuropathology among HIV-infected persons.
Reasons for the increasing Hispanic infant mortality rate: Florida, 2004-2007.

Assess whether the 55% increase in Florida’s Hispanic infant mortality rate (HIMR) during 2004–2007 was real or artifactual. Using linked data from Florida resident live births and infant deaths for 2004–2007, we calculated traditional (infant Hispanic ethnicity from death certificates and maternal Hispanic ethnicity from birth certificates) and nontraditional (infant and maternal Hispanic ethnicity from birth certificate maternal ethnicity) HIMRs. We assessed trends in HIMRs (per 1,000 live births) using Chi-square statistics. We tested agreement in Hispanic ethnicity after implementation of a revised 2005 death certificate by using kappa statistics and used logistic regression to test the associations of infant mortality risk factors. Hispanic was defined as being of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central/South American, or other/unknown Hispanic origin. During 2004–2007 traditional HIMR increased 55%, from 4.0 to 6.2 (Chi-square, P < 0.001) and nontraditional HIMR increased 20%, from 4.5 to 5.4 (Chi-square, P = 0.03). During 2004–2005, agreement in Hispanic ethnicity did not change with use of the revised certificate (kappa = 0.70 in 2004; kappa = 0.76 in 2005). Birth weight was the most significant risk factor for trends in Hispanic infant mortality (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.10–1.61). Differences in Hispanic reporting on revised death certificates likely accounted for the majority of traditional HIMR increase, indicating a primarily artifactual increase. Reasons for the 20% increase in nontraditional HIMR during 2004–2007 should be further explored through other individual and community factors. Use of nontraditional HIMRs, which use a consistent source of Hispanic classification, should be considered.
Fractographic study of sintered nanophase TiO2

Abstract Fractography of sintered nanophase and commercial coarser TiO 2 powders was carried out using scanning electron microscopy. Compared with material sintered from commercial TiO 2 powder, nanophase TiO 2 sintered at 1400°C contains smaller voids and the sintering temperature for completely transgranular fracture is 200°C lower. The cracking of nanophase samples during sintering is also discussed.
The Brownian coagulation of aerosols over the entire range of Knudsen numbers: Connection between the sticking probability and the interaction forces

Abstract The existing models for Brownian coagulation of aerosols account for the effect of interparticle forces through a phenomenological sticking probability, i.e., the probability of coagulation upon collision. This probability is usually assumed to be equal to unity. A model for Brownian coagulation of equal-sized electrically neutral aerosol particles is proposed, which takes into account explicitly the van der Waals attraction and Born repulsion, instead of the phenomenological sticking probability. In this model, the relative motion between two particles in the vicinity of the sphere of influence is considered to be free molecular, the thickness of this region is taken to be equal to the average correlation length for the relative Brownian motion. The relative motion of the particles outside this region is described by the Fokker-Plank equation. The sticking probability predicted by the model, in terms of the interaction potential between two particles, becomes vanishingly small for very small particles. The collisions with the medium that a particle experiences during its escape from the potential well and the corresponding energy dissipation, neglected in this model, will increase the coagulation coefficient, in particular for the large particles because they stay longer in the region in which the interaction potential is acting. For this reason the model is likely to be valid for sufficiently small particles and to provide a lower bound for the coagulation coefficient of the larger particles. However, for large particles the interaction potential is deep and the decay length of the potential is small compared to the particle sizes. As a result, the region of the interaction potential can be replaced by a sink. This is equivalent to considering the sticking probability as equal to unity. In contrast to the earlier models, the expression derived for the coagulation coefficient in the latter case displays the proper continuum and free molecular limits and agrees well with the Fuchs empirical formula. It yields an upper bound for sufficiently small particles but can be exceeded for particles of intermediate sizes. Comparison with the experimental data seem to indicate the validity of this upper bound for particles as small as 0.01 μm.
Three-dimensional structure of proteins determined by electron microscopy

Abstract Recent developments in specimen preparation and image processing techniques have made it possible to determine the three-dimensional structure of proteins by electron microscopy. Periodic supramolecular aggregates of the protein under investigation are required to minimize radiation damage and to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio of structural detail. Useful information about the fine structure of the protein (e.g. binding sites for interacting molecules, antigenic determinants) can often be obtained by stoichiometric labeling of the ordered arrays with interacting molecules or antibody fragments, and computing difference maps from the reconstructions of the labeled and native structures. The use of this approach to molecular structure determination of proteins will be discussed in light of our work with bacteriophage and actin.
Recent Developments in the Classification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Insomnia

Sleep/wake complaints, and specifically insomnia, are some of the more common problems encountered in the outpatient setting. Despite its prevalence, few clinicians are experts at diagnosing and treating this entity. Additionally, diagnosis and treatment of insomnia is a time-intensive process (often the initial interview takes at least 1 h, depending on the complexity of the insomnia). With a conservative estimate of the annual cost of insomnia between $92.5 and $107.5 billion dollars, it is becoming clear that insomnia has significant medical and public health implications. A problem that has hampered insomnia research is the lack of a standard definition of insomnia for use in research, as well as guidelines for assessment. In recent years, there have been important advances in the classification, evaluation, and treatment of insomnia with efforts to establish greater consensus in how to define and measure insomnia. Cognitive behavioral and pharmacologic therapies have been shown to be effective treatment approaches. Insomnia is a complex entity, often multifactorial in its etiology; and as research and clinical guidelines are established and validated (leading to better data interpretation), continued enhancement of our understanding of this disorder is expected.
Community monitoring of air pollution with plants.

Abstract Oxidant air pollution injury to tobacco leaves was used as a monitoring system for demonstrating air pollution within a suburban community. Isopollutans, constructed by connecting points of equal plant leaf injury from air pollution, indicated areas within the community where levels of pollution were relatively high or low. The air pollution levels correlated visually with vehicular traffic patterns in the community.
In vivo regulation of the cytolytic T cell response to hapten-altered self: suppressor T cells induced in the regional lymph nodes by exposure to syngeneic spleen cells

During the course of examining the in vivo development of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to hapten-modified self antigens in mice, we have observed that it can be abrogated through prior exposure of the host's regional lymph nodes (LN) to normal syngeneic spleen cells (NSC). Suppression appeared to be antigen nonspecific and was best seen when animals were injected in the footpads with NSC at least 72 h before sensitization for CTL. The ability to prevent the development of the CTL response was restricted primarily to syngeneic splenic T and B cells since syngeneic thymocytes stimulated only partial suppression and syngeneic LN cells, as well as hapten-coupled syngeneic spleen cells, did not at all. Suppression appeared to be a local phenomenon in that the NSC induced transferrable suppressor T cells to appear in the popliteal LN draining the footpads but not in spleens. In addition, animals splenectomized prior to injections of NSC showed abrogated CTL responses equivalent to sham-splenectomized animals indicating that the spleen does not contribute to the mechanism of suppression. Finally, when only one footpad was injected with NSC, suppression was seen in the draining popliteal node and not in the contralateral node. Taken together, the evidence suggests that the source of the suppression and the suppressor T cells may be attributed to an in vivo syngeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction occurring between responder cells of the draining LN and injected stimulator spleen cells.
TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR IMPACTED TEETH

ABSTRACT Background A compilation of treatment options for impacted teeth is presented to assist dentists in discussing the sequelae of impacted teeth as well as the complications of treatment with their patients. Overview A differential diagnosis for an impacted tooth is not possible without clinical assessment. However, an ankylosed tooth or a tooth with failure of its eruption mechanism may be mistaken for an impacted tooth. This review of national and international dental texts, journals and publications concerning impacted teeth spans more than 50 years. Practice Implications Treatment options for the management of impacted teeth are separated into four categories: observation, intervention, relocation and extraction. The indications, contraindications and complications of each option are presented. This information will help the clinician identify developmental conditions associated with an increased probability of tooth impaction and assess available treatment options.
Creativity and certain personality traits: Understanding the mediating effect of intrinsic motivation.

Creativity is a topic of ever-increasing interest, given its importance and applicability to literally every field. Personality traits have been frequently and predictably related to creative achievement. Amabile (1983) pointed out that individuals may have certain traits and abilities that are favorable for creativity, but whether these will actually result in achieving creative results depends on their intrinsic motivation. Additionally, under certain circumstances extrinsic motivation has been found to have a positive effect on creativity. We hypothesized a conceptual model and tested the mediating and moderating role of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation respectively in the relationship between 3 personality traits (openness to experience, self-efficacy, and perseverance) and creativity. This study, conducted in a university setting, found support for the potential mediating role of intrinsic motivation between creativity/openness to experience as intrinsic motivation partially mediated this relations...
Self-Weighing: Helpful or Harmful for Psychological Well-Being? A Review of the Literature

Conflicting views as to the helpfulness or harmfulness of self-weighing for the control of body weight have been presented in the fields of obesity and eating disorders. Because self-weighing is increasingly being considered as an intervention to promote weight loss or prevent weight gain, it is timely to consider unintended psychological outcomes and behavioral correlates of this behavior. Twenty articles from the published literature examining self-weighing and psychological outcomes or weight control behaviors were reviewed. In evaluating self-weighing and affect (ten studies), self-esteem (four studies) and body evaluation (ten studies), and eating behaviors/cognitions (13 studies), in total, most studies found a negative relationship between self-weighing and outcomes (affect: 4/10, self-esteem: 3/4, body evaluation: 4/10, eating behaviors/cognitions: 6/13). Themes that emerged included relationships between self-weighing and negative outcomes for women and younger individuals, and lack of a relationship or positive outcomes for overweight, treatment seeking individuals. Though self-weighing has shown promise in aiding weight control, the degree to which weight loss, and not self-weighing, affects psychological outcomes is not clear. Further assessment of psychological outcomes in self-weighing research may be warranted, as this review suggests the potential for adverse effects of self-weighing in some individuals.
Rh(III) Extraction by Phosphinic Acids from Nitrate Media

The demand for platinum group metals (PGMs), such as rhodium, continues to rise at a rate that could exceed current mining yields. An alternative source for rhodium is present in spent nuclear fuel as a fission product. This work examines the use of phosphinic acids, diphenylphosphinic acid (DPPA), and diphenyldithiophosphinic (DPDTPA) acid, to extract Rh(III) from nitrate media. The results suggest that extraction of Rh(III) using DPPA and DPDTPA is non-spontaneous at room temperature. Lowering the pH and/or increasing the nitrate ion concentration in solution suppressed extraction.
A non-visual mechanism for voluntary cancellation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex.

Squirrel monkeys were trained to cancel their vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) by fixating a visual target that was head stationary during passive vestibular stimulation. The monkeys were seated on a vestibular turntable, and their heads were restrained. A small visual target (0.2°) was projected from the vestibular turntable onto a tangent screen. The monkeys' ability to suppress their VOR by fixating a head stationary target while the turntable was moving was compared to their ability to pursue the target when it was moved in the same manner.
Natural convection flow of a non-Newtonian fluid between two vertical flat plates

The natural convection of a homogeneous incompressible fluid of grade three is investigated between two infinite parallel vertical plates. The effect of the non-Newtonian nature of fluid on the skin friction and heat transfer are studied.
Low frequency magnetic emissions and resulting induced voltages in a pacemaker by iPod portable music players.

Background Recently, malfunctioning of a cardiac pacemaker electromagnetic, caused by electromagnetic interference (EMI) by fields emitted by personal portable music players was highly publicized around the world. A clinical study of one patient was performed and two types of interference were observed when the clinicians placed a pacemaker programming head and an iPod were placed adjacent to the patient's implanted pacemaker. The authors concluded that "Warning labels may be needed to avoid close contact between pacemakers and iPods". We performed an in-vitro study to evaluate these claims of EMI and present our findings of no-effects" in this paper.
Intraneuronal Aβ accumulation and origin of plaques in Alzheimer's disease

Plaques are a defining neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the major constituent of plaques, the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), is considered to play an important role in the pathophysiology of AD. But the biological origin of Aβ plaques and the mechanism whereby Aβ is involved in pathogenesis have been unknown. Aβ plaques were thought to form from the gradual accumulation and aggregation of secreted Aβ in the extracellular space. More recently, the accumulation of Aβ has been demonstrated to occur within neurons with AD pathogenesis. Moreover, intraneuronal Aβ accumulation has been reported to be critical in the synaptic dysfunction, cognitive dysfunction and the formation of plaques in AD. Here we provide a historical overview on the origin of plaques and a discussion on potential biological and therapeutic implications of intraneuronal Aβ accumulation for AD.
Full-Field Exposure Control Implications of the Mask Error Function

This report considers a detailed method of rapid and accurate experimental calculation of the Mask Error Enhancement Function (MEF or MEEF) using localized CD variation across the exposure field. MEEF is defined as the non-constant bias of wafer-image replication to small changes in the reticle image. The extraction method of the MEEF response of a reticle to it's process environment is shown to contain a method of measuring the robustness of the OPC design structures on the reticle and their ability to compensate wafer-image replication across the scope of production-process perturbations. This study demonstrates that a MEEF response can be characterized by a regressive comparison of reticle and wafer image sizes for any reticle OPC structure. Expanding the analysis to a focus-dose matrix that approximates normal production variations allows the MEEF response sensitivities to be deconvolved into their component contributions to critical feature variation across the wafer. IntraField dependencies such as sensitivity to the direction of the scan, and thus reticle-stage drive loading are investigated and their contributions are presented at the end of the report. Process induced perturbations such as focus and dose can also change the MEEF and their response is characterized and shown to be a significant contributing factor. An algorithm is then used to extract the full-wafer systematic sensitivity of MEEF to slowly changing perturbations such as film thickness changes in the Anti-Reflective Coating (ARC) and Photoresist thickness. Correlation of the MEEF response to film thickness is discussed and shown to be significant for some films. A budget summary of the systematic perturbation inherent in these MEEF factors is compared against the needs of sub-90 nm nodes with considerations toward the necessity of process-specific OPC design for critical layers.
Safety of antileukotriene agents in asthma management.

Objective This article presents information on the safety of zafirlukast, montelukast, and zileuton, three antileukotrienes (anti-LTs) approved in the United States for the prophylaxis and treatment of asthma. After reading this article, readers should have an understanding both of the general safety of anti-LTs and their specific adverse effects. Data Sources Relevant and appropriate controlled clinical studies on the safety of anti-LTs in asthma were used. Only literature in the English language was reviewed. Study Selection Material was taken from academic/scholarly journals and appropriate reviews. Results Antiasthma agents, including corticosteroids, β 2 -agonists, and methylxanthines, may be categorized into two classes: those used for the long-term control and prevention of persistent asthma and those used for the prompt relief of acute symptoms and exacerbations of the disease. Although most agents are safe and well tolerated when used properly, adverse effects may occur with use at higher dose levels. The anti-LTs, including zafirlukast, montelukast, and zileuton, are the first new pharmacologic class in the therapeutic armamentarium for asthma management to be approved in the United States in the past 20 years. Both zafirlukast and montelukast carry pregnancy category B classification whereas zileuton carries pregnancy category C classification. The most common adverse effects observed in clinical trials were headache, pharyngitis, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, and cough. Conclusions The results of clinical trials and real-world experience indicate that these agents are generally safe and well tolerated, with an incidence of adverse effects comparable with placebo.
Strategies to Reduce the Effort of Breathing: Electromyographic and Inspirometry Biofeedback

This paper reports on a new methodology which utilizes upper thoracic electromyographic and inspirometry feedback in a desensitization and generalization training protocol. This strategy teaches subjects to reduce the electromyographic activity recorded from the accessory muscles of breathing, increase inhalation volume, inhibit thoracic breathing when enhancing abdominal breathing and reduces the conditioned asthmatic response to various stimuli.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE ULTIMOBRANCHIAL BODY IN REPTILES AND BIRDS.

Abstract This is a second in a series of experiments involved in a comparative histological study of the ultimobranchial body in vertebrates. Reference is made to its glandular structure in selected specimens of turtles, lizards, snakes, and birds; its alleged functional relationship with the thyroid gland was also investigated with radioisotopes. No morphological resemblance by the ultimobranchial tissues to the thyroid parenchyma was observed in any of the specimens examined, though some similarity to the cellular structure of the parathyroid and thymus glands is recognizable in certain snakes and birds. Examination of autoradiographs prepared from I131-treated specimens disclosed that the ultimobranchial body does not metabolize iodine. There is evidence, however, that the gland is capable of considerable physiological activity, i.e., synthesis of glycogen, mucopolysaccharides (sulfated and neutral), phospholipids, and other protein complexes, as demonstrated by Alcian blue-PAS, toluidine blue, Sudan black B, Millon's, and ninhydrin staining methods. Evidence for the presence of sulfated mucopolysaccharides is supported by the retention of S35 within the secretion of the gland. An apparent influence of seasonal changes in the secretory activity of the ultimobranchial body in lizards (and possibly in other reptiles) is indicated by an increase of the secretory product in both content and density from June to September as well as an apparent increase in the relative amounts of glycogen and mucopolysaccharides in the gland.
Design of amphiphilic oligopeptides as models for fine tuning peptide assembly with plasmid DNA

We discuss the design of novel amphiphilic oligopeptides with hydrophobic and cationic amino acids to serve as models to understand peptide-DNA assembly. Biophysical and thermodynamic characterization of interaction of these amphiphilic peptides with plasmid DNA is presented. Peptides with at least +4 charges favor stable complex formation. Surface potential is dependent on the type of hydrophobic amino acid for a certain charge. Thermodynamically it is a spontaneous interaction between most of the peptides and plasmid DNA. Lys(7) and Tyr peptides with +4/+5 charges indicate cooperative binding with pDNA without saturation of interaction while Val(2)-Gly-Lys(4), Val-Gly-Lys(5), and Phe-Gly-Lys(5) lead to saturation of interaction indicating condensed pDNA within the range of N/Ps studied. We show that the biophysical properties of DNA-peptide complexes could be modulated by design and the peptides presented here could be used as building blocks for creating DNA-peptide complexes for various biomedical applications, mainly nucleic acid delivery.
EVALUATION OF TOMATO CONDITION IN BIN LOADS OF PROCESSING TOMATOES HARVESTED AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF RIPENESS

VF145-7879 variety of tomatoes were commercially machine harvested at three maturity levels which were 12 days and 7 days before the field was to be customarily harvested, and again when the field was harvested for delivery to the processor. The effects of transportation, storage and a simulated commercial wash were measured in terms of wholeness, several degrees of damage, and loss by weight for each of the maturity levels. Tomatoes harvested at the regular time showed greater losses and deterioration of condition than those harvested earlier. The percentage of tomatoes with visible locules (exposed seed cavity) determined before washing was found to be a useful measure for predicting the percentage weight loss through washing. The percentages of tomatoes with visible loculcs measured after washing were found to be indicators of the condition of VF145-7879 tomatoes for processing.
Energy-Efficient Phase-Aware Scheduling for Heterogeneous Multicore Processors

While the multicore processors common today are typically homogeneous (i.e. composed of multiple cores of identical design), ever-more-stringent energy and performance constraints are making heterogeneous multicore processors increasingly attractive alternatives. Because applications vary significantly in the computing resources that they can effectively exploit, they observe drastically different energy consumption and performance depending on the characteristics of the processor core(s) they are running on. Heterogeneous computing cores can more efficiently meet the specialized needs of varied applications. However, while heterogeneous types of cores can be beneficial, the added complexity of heterogeneity can significantly complicate the scheduling of application threads to cores of different types. To achieve energy efficiency, a scheduler must attempt to minimize energy consumption by finding the optimal application to core mapping. Most existing approaches to mapping applications to heterogenous cores do so statically-that is they determine a priori the fitness of a particular application thread to a particular core type. This paper demonstrates that significant reduction in energy consumption can be achieved by dynamically adjusting this mapping as application behavior changes with new program phases. This paper further proposes an online scheduler that re- evaluates the program-to-core assignment when a phase-change of a program occurs, in order to optimize the scheduler for energy consumption. Our results show significant energy reduction over random scheduling of programs within a heterogeneous multicore processor.
Confluent hypergeometric functions on tube domains

Our problem specialized to the case of the Siegel upper half space H,. of degree m concerns the Fourier expansion of a series S(z; ~, fl) = ~ det (z + a) -" det (~ + a)~. a~L Here z is a variable on H.~, L is a lattice in the space V of all real symmetric matrices of size m, and (~,fl)eC ~. It can be shown that this is convergent if Re (~+f l )>m, and also that if Re(~)>m/2 and R e ( f l ) > m / 2 , it has a Fourier expansion of the form
Tunable ZnO quantum dots for bioimaging: synthesis and photoluminescence

Photoluminescent semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are of significant interest for bioimaging and fluorescence labelling. In this regard, the design and synthesis using a chemical hydrolysis approach is described of high sensitivity and high specificity non-toxic ZnO QDs (∼5 nm). The ZnO QDs, with long term stability of up to 12 months, exhibited strong green yellow emission on doping with small concentration of manganese, which is tunable to the near infrared biological window (about 650–770 nm). Furthermore, the embedding of ZnO QDs on silica nanospheres led to a significant increase in photoluminescence intensity rendering them suitable for bright QD based probes.
Depolarization and Ca2+ downregulate CB1 receptors and CB1-mediated signaling in cerebellar granule neurons

Abstract Presynaptic terminals of cerebellar granule neurons are primary targets of cannabinoids, which act through type 1 Gαi/o-coupled cannabinoid receptors (CB1) to modulate glutamate release. To study CB1 signaling investigators use primary cultures of granule neurons, typically grown in medium supplemented with elevated KCl to improve long-term survival. Herein, we demonstrate that CB1 expression and signaling are perturbed under these conditions. Specifically, immunochemical and RT–PCR assays indicate that depolarizing growth conditions decrease CB1 protein, mRNA and CB1-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase compared to cultures grown in physiologic medium containing 5 mM KCl. Depolarization-dependent downregulation of CB1 mRNA, like survival, is attenuated by L-type VDCC antagonists but not the Na+-channel antagonist, tetrodotoxin. Comparison of oligonucleotide microarrays from cultures grown in 5 mM versus 25 mM KCl confirms that depolarization reduces CB1 mRNA, but not mRNAs encoding several G-protein subunits or adenylyl cyclases. However, significant alterations in synaptic signaling proteins that likely lie downstream of CB1 are observed, including K+ channels, α-neurexins, cAMP-GEFII, Munc13-3, secretogranin and synaptotagmin. These findings make a compelling argument to adopt cultures grown in 5 mM KCl for future study of CB1 signaling in granule neurons. Further, they suggest that a depolarization and Ca2+-dependent signaling pathway represses CB1 gene transcription.
Protein Degradation Pathways Regulate the Functions of Helicases in the DNA Damage Response and Maintenance of Genomic Stability

Degradation of helicases or helicase-like proteins, often mediated by ubiquitin-proteasomal pathways, plays important regulatory roles in cellular mechanisms that respond to DNA damage or replication stress. The Bloom’s syndrome helicase (BLM) provides an example of how helicase degradation pathways, regulated by post-translational modifications and protein interactions with components of the Fanconi Anemia (FA) interstrand cross-link (ICL) repair pathway, influence cell cycle checkpoints, DNA repair, and replication restart. The FANCM DNA translocase can be targeted by checkpoint kinases that exert dramatic effects on FANCM stability and chromosomal integrity. Other work provides evidence that degradation of the F-box DNA helicase (FBH1) helps to balance translesion synthesis (TLS) and homologous recombination (HR) repair at blocked replication forks. Degradation of the helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF), a DNA translocase and ubiquitylating enzyme, influences the choice of post replication repair (PRR) pathway. Stability of the Werner syndrome helicase-nuclease (WRN) involved in the replication stress response is regulated by its acetylation. Turning to transcription, stability of the Cockayne Syndrome Group B DNA translocase (CSB) implicated in transcription-coupled repair (TCR) is regulated by a CSA ubiquitin ligase complex enabling recovery of RNA synthesis. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that helicases can be targeted for degradation to maintain genome homeostasis.
Contributing to success in an introductory computer science course: a study of twelve factors

This study was conducted to determine factors that promote success in an introductory college computer science course. The model included twelve possible predictive factors including math background, attribution for success/failure (luck, effort, difficulty of task, and ability), domain specific self-efficacy, encouragement, comfort level in the course, work style preference, previous programming experience, previous non-programming computer experience, and gender. Subjects included 105 students enrolled in a CS1 introductory computer science course at a midwestern university. The study revealed three predictive factors in the following order of importance: comfort level, math, and attribution to luck for success/failure. Comfort level and math background were found to have a positive influence on success, whereas attribution to luck had a negative influence. The study also revealed by considering the different types of previous computer experiences (including formal programming class, self-initiated programming, internet use, game playing, and productivity software use) that both a formal class in programming and game playing were predictive of success. Formal training had a positive influence and games a negative influence on class grade.
Occurrences of lightning fires — Can they be simulated?

A computer simulation model of lightning fire discoveries has been developed by analyzing historical records of lightning fire occurrences. The model is being tested by using reports of lightning fires from four national forests. Results suggest that statistical distributions can be used to model the characteristics of lightning fire discoveries. Language: en
Ohio Valley Group of Technical Services Librarians: A History

Abstract The Ohio Valley Group of Technical Services Librarians (OVGTSL), a member of the American Library Association’s Council of Regional Groups, became a formal organization in 1924 and continues to meet to this day. This article provides a history of this group, and, in doing so, traces trends and issues in library technical services for cataloging, acquisitions, serials, and many other topics of interest to librarians for more than eight decades.
Articles You Might Have Missed

Isbister G, Calver L, Page C, et al. Randomized Controlled Trial of Intramuscular Droperidol Versus Midazolam for Violence and Acute Behavioral Disturbance: The DORM Study. Ann Emerg Med 2010; 56:392–401
MANY-ELECTRON THEORY OF ATOMS AND MOLECULES.

In the many-electron theory of atoms and molecules, electrons are shown to affect one another through their instantaneous potentials and not just by their average potentials as in the Hartree-Fock method. The situation of the many-electron problem in atoms and molecules is compared with related many-body problems. A theory for the N-electron atom or molecule was developed to obtain a quantitative scheme of the order of difficulty of the He, H/sub 2/ case, to understand the physical behavior of manyelectron motion and to relate the "chemical" picture to correlation. Physical aspects of correlation in atoms and molecules are discussed. (M.C.G.)
Exchange of an Imido Ligand in Bis(imido) Complexes of Uranium

Addition of B(C6H5)3·H2O to U(NtBu)2I2(THF)2 provides U(NtBu)(O)I2(THF)2, a complex with a trans arrangement of the oxo and imido ligands. A DFT study on the Ph3PO adduct, U(NtBu)(O)I2(Ph3PO)2, rev...
Nonlinear volterra integrodifferential equations in a Banach space

We study the Cauchy problem associated with the Volterra integrodifferential equation u\left( t \right) \in Au\left( t \right) + \int {_0^1 B\left( {t - s} \right)u\left( s \right)ds + f\left( t \right),} u\left( 0 \right) = u_0 \in D\left( A \right), whereA is anm-dissipative non-linear operator (or more generally, anm-D(ω) operator), defined onD(A) ⊂X, whereX is a real reflexive Banach space. We show that ifB is of the formB=FA+K, whereF, K :X →D(Ds), whereDs is the differentiation operator, withF bounded linear andK andDsK Lipschitz continuous, then the Cauchy problem is well-posed. In addition we obtain an approximation result for the Cauchy problem.
Non-Volatile semiconductor memories for nano-scale technology

In this paper we will review the evolution of Non-Volatile Memories (NVM) through the last decades, driven by a continuous introduction of new materials that helped the reduction of the single cell area and so the cost of the memory. As we entered into the sub-20nm realm, limitations are appearing for Flash memories and alternative physical mechanisms are proposed to store information in high density media. In this scenario, Phase Change Memory (PCM) is demonstrating the capability to enter the broad memory market and to become a mainstream technology.
Multi-Sensor Data Fusion using Geometric Transformations for Gas Transmission Pipeline Inspection

This paper presents a technique that can be used to fuse data from multiple sensors that are employed in nondestructive evaluation (NDE) applications, specifically for the in-line inspection of gas transmission pipelines. A radial basis function artificial neural network is used to perform geometric transformations on data obtained from multiple sources. The technique allows the user to define the redundant and complementary information present in the data sets. The efficacy of the algorithm is demonstrated using experimental images obtained from the NDE of a test specimen suite using magnetic flux leakage (MFL), ultrasonic (UT) and thermal imaging methods. The results presented in this paper indicate that neural network based geometric transformation algorithms show considerable promise in multi-sensor data fusion applications.
Behavioral Sexual Maladaption Contagion in America: An Applied Theoretical Analysis

Massive increases in the availability and explicitness of pornography in the United States are correlated with increasing rates of sexually maladaptive behaviors. Correlation-causation issues are acknowledged and barriers to resolving this molar question are noted. However, agreement among various theoretical predictions and experimental findings on functional relations between pornography and behavior suggest that changes in the intensity and prevalence of certain classes of pornographic stimuli have probably contributed to increased rates of maladaptive sexual behavior in the US. New conceptions of behavioral contagion and social entropy are offered to unify this field of information into an explanatory whole that suggests a resulting decrease in cultural viability. I advise an experimental reversal of current culturally endemic pornographic self-stimulatory practices.