cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
International Teaching Assistants' Experiences in the U.S. Classrooms: Implications for Practice.

Recently, a number of studies have examined the lived experiences of the international teaching assistants (ITAs) in the U.S. classrooms. The findings show that the ITAs face many challenges such as classroom management, instructional, linguistic, cultural, and social challenges. Following this line of research, this interview-based study examined the lived experiences of a group of ITAs using qualitative methodology. The paper aims to: (1) to provide insights into the ITAs' perspectives on their first semester of teaching in the U.S. including determining the challenges they face and (2) to consider possible revisions to existing ITAs' preparation programs based on the ITAs' own perspectives and a review of the available literature. This study contributes to the field by presenting information that has the potential to prompt future empirical investigations into educational cultures as they apply to novice instructors in international contexts and to inform and renew curricula for ITAs' preparation programs at the U.S. universities. "A student came to see me and asked about why I deducted some points … and then things got out of hand … He was being rude … He used the words like "You are full of crap." … I was maintaining my composure, but he lost his cool. So, managing and adjusting to every student is important. How the students will behave and how you will react. Because if somebody says: "You are full of crap," there are various thoughts running in your mind…" (Michael, an ITA from China) The comments above, one from an international teaching assistant (ITA) in chemistry from Russia and the other from an ITA in computer science from China, indicate the kinds of challenges that ITAs face on a daily basis in the U.S. classrooms. Even though many of the challenges are encountered by beginning instructors independent of their national origin, ITAs face the additional task of adopting the skills of cross-cultural competency in order to successfully communicate with U.S. undergraduate students (Smith, Meyers, & Burkhalter, 1992). A recent review of existing research shows that ITAs as new instructors in an unfamiliar instructional context encounter specific instructional, cultural, and linguistic challenges (Zhou, 2009). This study aims to contribute to the existing body of literature related to ITAs' development of professional expertise (e.g., Aubrey, 1991; Gorsuch, 2012; Lin & Yi, 1997; 뀀ഀȠ뀀ഀȠ뀀ഀȠ뀀ഀȠ뀀ഀȠ뀀ഀȠ뀀ഀȠ뀀ഀȠ뀀ഀȠ
Pb isotopes of ore deposits in Trans-Pecos Texas and northeastern Chihuahua, Mexico: basement, igneous, and sedimentary sources of metals

Tertiary ore deposits and prospects in Trans-Pecos Texas and adjacent Mexico have Pb isotope ratios that indicate probable sources of metals. Sulfides from these deposits have a wide range of Pb isotope ratios: 206 Pb/ 204 Pb, 17.74 to 20.04; 207 Pb/ 204 Pb, 15.46 to 15.69; 208 Pb/ 204 Pb, 37.52 to 40.37. In part, this variability reflects derivation of Pb from contrasting basement and Tertiary igneous rocks across a major lithospheric boundary between the North American craton on the northwest and terranes accreted during the late Paleozoic Ouachita orogeny to the southeast. Precambrian basement and Tertiary igneous rocks northwest of a northeast-trending zone through Trans-Pecos Texas and Chihuahua, Mexico, are less radiogenic than Phanerozoic and Precambrian basement and Tertiary igneous rocks to the southeast.Although isotopic ratios from ore deposits and prospects in the region generally reflect basement type, steep arrays on 206 Pb/ 204 Pb versus 207 Pb/ 204 Pb diagrams from some deposits in the northwest basement province indicate mixing with additional, more radiogenic, sources of Pb. We infer that these sources are local sedimentary rocks or basinal fluids. Vein- and porphyry-type prospects hosted by igneous rocks show the least influence from these radiogenic sources. They have Pb isotope ratios that fall within the range of Pb isotope ratios of local Tertiary igneous rocks. In contrast, red-bed-hosted Ag-Cu-Pb deposits in the northwest, with no apparent igneous source of fluids, generally have relatively high 206 Pb/ 204 Pb and 207 Pb/ 204 Pb ratios, which are apparently inherited from their host sediments. Veins hosted by sedimentary rocks and high-temperature carbonate-hosted Ag-Pb-Zn deposits (manto, chimney, and skarn) have intermediate Pb isotope ratios that range between the lower 207 Pb/ 204 Pb igneous-hosted deposits and the higher 207 Pb/ 204 Pb sedimentary-hosted deposits. They appear to contain variable mixtures of Pb from mid-Tertiary igneous sources and sedimentary rocks. In the northwest basement province Ag-Pb-Zn deposits at Shafter, Texas, have low Pb isotope ratios derived from associated igneous rocks and indicative of underlying Precambrian crust with low 206 Pb/ 204 Pb and 207 Pb/ 204 Pb. Similar, but larger, deposits at Santa Eulalia, Chihuahua, contain a mixture of Pb from at least two sources. It appears that a low 207 Pb/ 204 Pb component associated with Tertiary igneous rocks and ultimately derived from Precambrian basement has mixed with a higher 207 Pb/ 204 Pb component derived from the sedimentary wall rock. Published fluid inclusion and S isotope studies also suggest that mixing of magmatic and sedimentary components is common in the genesis of high-temperature carbonate-hosted Ag-Pb-Zn deposits.
Development of antibodies in children convalescent from whooping cough.

Summary1. In a study of the development of antibacterial agglutinin, antihemagglutinin, and mouse protective antibody in children convalescing from whooping cough, mouse protective antibody was the only one to occur regularly as a result of the disease; it appears to be the most significant measure of immunity studied. 2. Mouse protective antibody titers increased during convalescence in all instances, the increases generally being from 4- to 10-fold. 3. The intranasal mouse protection test has been found to give reproducible results and is being applied to the study of children immunized against whooping cough.
Ultrasonic Acupuncture and the Correlation Between Acupuncture Stimulation and the Activation of Associated Brain Cortices Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Using medical imaging techniques, such as fMRI, the stimulation of certain acupuncture points can be shown to correlate with activity in corresponding regions of the brain. Identical activity is also seen if the acupoint is stimulated with a pulse of ultrasound rather than a needle. This article reviews the advantages offered by ultrasonic acupuncture and the impact on the practice of acupuncture.
Comparison of foliar terpenes between native and invasive Solidago gigantea

To test a defensive chemistry prediction of the Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability (EICA) hypothesis, Solidago gigantea plants from North American and European (invasive) populations were grown in a screen-enclosed garden. Terpenes from 80 seed grown (dried leaves) and 320 rhizome propagated (moist leaves) individuals were confirmed by GC/MS and quantified by GC-FID. Native seed grown plants were found to have significantly greater diterpene concentrations than their European counterparts; foliar sesquiterpenes did not differ. The occurrence of specific sesquiterpenes and diterpenes was homogeneous across the two seed sources suggesting these biochemical pathways remain unchanged. Leaves from native rhizome propagated plants also had significantly greater monoterpene and diterpene concentrations; again sesquiterpene levels did not differ. Rhizome propagated plants exhibited significant population differences in monoterpene and diterpene concentrations. These data support the defensive chemistry predictions of the EICA hypotheses but cannot discount the role of possible founder effects in the invasive range.
An Observational Study of the Tropical-Subtropical Semiannual Oscillation

Abstract The upper-air wind data generated by the Global Data Assimilation System of the National Meteorological Center for 1986–1992 are used to depict the three-dimensional structure of the semiannual oscillation of tropical stationary eddies in terms of the eddy streamfunction. An eddy streamfunction budget analysis was also performed to disclose the cause of this semiannual oscillation. The major findings are: 1) The tropical stationary eddies exhibit a seesaw semiannual oscillation between the eastern and Western Hemisphere with a phase reversal vertically at 400–500 mb and meridionally at the equator. 2) It is inferred from the streamfunction budget analysis that the semiannual oscillation of the tropical stationary eddies is caused by the semiannual cast-west seesaw of the global divergent circulation between the areas of the Asian-Australian (AA) monsoon (60°E–120°W) and the extra-AA monsoon (120°W–60°E). This mechanism is particularly clear in the Southern Hemisphere Tropics but less well establi...
Normal Modes of Ultralong Waves in the Atmosphere

Abstract Spherical harmonics have been used to analyze global meteorological data, and because they are the solutions of a linearized nondivergent vorticity equation, it is appropriate to use them as orthogonal basis functions for analysis and prediction. However, for ultralong waves—geostrophic motions of the second type—horizontal divergence plays as essential a role as the vertical component of vorticity. Hence, it will be advantageous to use the solutions of linearized primitive equations over a sphere as basis functions. This will also permit identification of the characteristics of wave motions for the initialization of primitive equation models. Such solutions have been investigated in the past in conjunction with atmospheric tidal theories and the basic mathematical tools already available piecewise in the literature. This paper reviews the mathematical development behind the construction of the eigensolutions (referred to as normal modes) of linearized primitive equations over a sphere. The basic...
Reducing Unauthorized Access by Insiders Through End-User Design: Making Users Accountable

A long-time tenet of information security is the principle of least privilege, which requires that systems users be given the minimum amount of access privilege required to complete a task. However, many financial, medical, and customer records systems grant employees broad access for reasons of practical necessity. However, with broad access rights comes potential for system abuse.This paper investigates how features of a system can be designed to make users feel more accountable for their actions in the system and less likely to abuse their access rights. To do so, we developed a factorial survey to determine the effects of system design features relating to three aspects of accountability: (1) identifiability, (2) evaluation, and (3) social presence.The results of the factorial survey show that the accountability design features significantly reduced intention to violate an organization’s access policy.
Making the Business Case for Coverage of Family-Based Behavioral Group Interventions for Pediatric Obesity

Background Pediatric obesity presents a significant burden. However, family-based behavioral group (FBBG) obesity interventions are largely uncovered by our health care system. The present study uses Return on Investment (ROI) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) analyses to analyze the business side of FBBG interventions. Methods ROI and IRR were calculated to determine longitudinal cost-effectiveness of a FBBG intervention. Multiple simulations of cost savings are projected using three estimated trajectories of weight change and variations in assumptions. Results The baseline model of child savings gives an average IRR of 0.2% ± 0.08% and an average ROI of 20.8% ± 0.4%, which represents a break-even IRR and a positive ROI. More pessimistic simulations result in negative IRR values. Conclusions Under certain assumptions, FBBGs offer a break-even proposition. Results are limited by lack of data regarding several assumptions, and future research should evaluate changes in cost savings following changes in child and adult weight.
First preparation of low band gap fulvene-modified polynorbornene via ring-opening metathesis polymerization

New polymers containing intact pendant-fulvene moieties have been successfully prepared from 1,3-phenyl-6-norbornenylfulvene via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The prepared polyfulvenes have unique electrochemical and photophysical properties which make them interesting candidates for light harvesting materials.
Invasive Management in CAD Patients with Stage 4 Renal Dysfunction or on Dialysis

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), and is associated with more complex coronary pathologies such as multivessel disease and left main involvement. Greater reductions in renal function are associated with increasingly poor outcomes following revascularization therapy. The optimal revascularization approach for obstructive CAD in stable or unstable coronary syndromes in CKD has not been defined as there is a lack of sufficiently powered randomized data in this patient subset. While coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) appears to be associated with better long-term survival and less long-term ischemic events than percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the choice of revascularization therapy should be individualized, taking into account patient co-morbidities, functional status, and preference.
Slavery in the Border States

History is best absorbed through the words of those who experienced it. This 2-volume set illuminates daily life in slave society in America from colonial times to the end of the Civil War. Approximately 240 articles, organized topically, provide in-depth reference and historical information on the business and regulation of slavery, the plantation way of life, work, family and community, culture and leisure, health and medicine, religion, resistance and rebellion, and slavery and freedom in the North. This Author contributed an Article entitled "Slavery in the Border States."
Endovascular Stent Graft Exclusion of Thoracic Arteriovenous Malformation in a Patient With Cobb Syndrome

this study was to quantitatively weigh the risks and benefits of IVC filter retrieval using formal decision analysis. Methods: A Markov state-transition model was used to simulate two clinical scenarios: to leave a previously placed IVC filter or to retrieve it. Analysis was performed over the lifetime of the individual, and outcomes were expressed in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). The base case is a 60-year-old man with a filter placed within 3 months who no longer requires mechanical thromboprophylaxis. Potential events included PE, filter complications, and death from all other causes during each cycle. Tolls were used to incorporate the disutility of short-term treatment for PE and/or filter complications. For the base-case and sensitivity analyses, we used utilities and probabilities derived from the literature. Results: In the base-case scenario, leaving the filter in place was preferred to filter retrieval, yielding 22.3 vs 21.9 QALYs. One-way sensitivity analysis demonstrated that filter retrieval might be preferable if the utility of living with a filter is <0.98. For all probabilities of retrieval and PE mortality, leaving the filter in place is preferred. Conclusions: Leaving a previously placed IVC filter provides a 0.4 QALY benefit over retrieving the filter for the average patient. This decision is sensitive to the utility of living with the IVC filter and underlying PE risk.
Determination of cadmium in hair by graphit furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry with matrix modifier

A new method for determining metal element cadmium in hair by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry(GFAAS)is researched using an optimal matrix modifier selected with the recovery of spiked sample,which can eliminate the matrix interference effectively.Single and mixed matrix modifier were added into digested samples.Samples and spiked samples were determined by GFAAS.The optimal matrix modifier was sieved with the recovery of spiked sample.The results indicated that the mixed matrix modifier composed by the ammonium nitrate,antiscorbic acid and lanthanum nitrate was the optimal matrix modifier for determining cadmium in hair.The enhancement of atomic absorbance was proportional to the concentration of cadmium in the range of 0.219 4~11.236 1 ng/mL(r=0.999 8).The detection limit was 0.131 7 ng/mL and the recovery was 94.5%.The proposed assay succeeded in hair sample determination with the advantages of simplicity,high sensitivity,good selectivity and accuracy.
Analysis of cyanuric acid in milk and dairy products using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography

Objective:To establish a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC) method for determination of cyanuric acid in milk and dairy products.Methods:Cyanuric acid in milk and dairy products was treated with dialysis,then separated using ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C8 column(250×4.6 mm,5 μm) and the mbile phase consisted of methanol-tetrabutyl ammonium chloride.Finally,it was analyzed by HPLC with photodiode array detector(PAD).Results:The linear range of calibration curves was in rang of 1～100 μg/ml,the correlation coefficient r=0.9999,the recovery of standard addition was in range of 79.4%～96.6%,the relative standard deviation(RSD) was 7.2% and the limits of detection were 5 mg/kg for milk powder and 2 mg/kg for liquid milk products,respectively.Conclusion:This method is of good selectivity,good purifying effect and simple operation.It can meet detecting demand of the practical samples.
Techniques of trend analysis in degradation-based prognostics

Monotonic fault progression is an important assumption for a number of prognostic models. This assumption can be violated through human intervention and self‐healing and result in non-monotonic degradation data which not only increases the uncertainty but also may cause model failure. Methods to analyze and handle non-monotonic degradation in repairable systems are practically nonexistent in the literature. In this research, we intend to consider repairable systems in which self‐healing is possible and human interventions are desirable. We presented a novel example of self-healing for fatigue cracks analyzed by acoustic emission. The aim of the present paper is to initiate a new research area on using non-monotonic measures in degradation-based prognostics. However, this research is not a review of trend analysis techniques, and therefore, there are more techniques to be considered or developed in future studies. In effect, trend analysis should be considered as an integral part of prognostics and health management. This study considers trend analysis for three classes of data, (1) prognostic parameters, (2) degradation waveform, and (3) multivariate data. A new form of crest factor is introduced for more effective waveform analysis of non-monotonic data. In addition, two algorithms are introduced to treat non-monotonic trend. The prognostic model used in this research does not produce results without treating non-monotonicity. These kinds of algorithm have promising potential to treat non-monotonicity and deal with arbitrary stationary noise in degradation data.
The Political Economy of Public Sector Governance: Propositions from Chapters 3 and 4

3.1 Increases in demand uncertainty yield decreases in agency bias. 3.2 Increases in penalty uncertainty yield decreases in agency bias. 3.3 In risk-averse agencies, increases in supply uncertainty yield increases in agency bias. 3.4 In risk-seeking agencies, increases in penalty uncertainty yield decreases in agency bias. 3.5 Task-Type Monitoring Principle . Congress monitors agencies with a penchant for perquisites more than those oriented toward constituency service; the least monitored agencies are those that expend additional resources performing more of the governance tasks they were created to perform. 3.6 Monitoring Accuracy Principle I . When monitoring provides accurate information for Congress, the agency provides accurate information about its cost of performing a governance task. However, if monitoring provides inaccurate information, the agency provides a cost estimate consistent with budget maximization. 3.7 When the agency is risk neutral, its bias in reporting costs decreases regardless of the penalty that Congress will impose. When the agency is risk averse, its bias increases. 3.8 When they become more uncertain about the budgetary penalty that Congress will impose, project agencies increase their bias, while task agencies reduce it. 3.9 Strategic Budget Uncertainty Principle . If Congress can increase uncertainty over reward or penalty budgets only when agencies request large (not small) budgets, then the agency always reduces its bias. When Congress does impose budget cuts, both project and task agencies are always less likely to bias its cost information. 3.10 Monitoring Accuracy Principle II . Improvements in monitoring technologies always lower the value of deception for the agency, producing truthful cost information.
Neural correlates of moral sensitivity and moral judgment associated with brain circuitries of selfhood: A meta-analysis

AbstractThe present study meta-analyzed 45 experiments with 959 subjects and 463 activation foci reported in 43 published articles that investigated the neural mechanism of moral functions by comparing neural activity between the moral task conditions and non-moral task conditions with the Activation Likelihood Estimation method. The present study examined the common activation foci of morality-related task conditions. In addition, the study compared the neural correlates of moral sensitivity with the neural correlates of moral judgment, which are the two functional components in the Neo-Kohlbergian model of moral functioning. The results showed that brain regions associated with the default mode network were significantly more active during morality-related task conditions than during non-morality task conditions. These brain regions were also commonly activated in both moral judgment and moral sensitivity task conditions. In contrast, the right temporoparietal junction and supramarginal gyrus were found...
Photocatalytic metal–organic frameworks for organic transformations

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted increasing attention for applications in heterogeneous photocatalysis. Modifications of metal nodes and organic linkers, as well as encapsulation of active species in the pores of MOFs enable the generation of photoactive materials for catalyzing organic transformations. MOF composites integrating noble metal nanoparticles or traditional photoactive semiconductors can combine the advantages of both materials, and also improve the photocatalytic performance via synergistic effects. In this Highlight, we discuss recent examples of photoactive MOFs and their use as photocatalysts for organic reactions.
Cooperative Path-ORAM for Effective Memory Bandwidth Sharing in Server Settings

Path ORAM (Oblivious RAM) is a recently proposed ORAM protocol for preventing information leakage from memory access sequences. It receives wide adoption due to its simplicity, practical efficiency and asymptotic efficiency. However, Path ORAM has extremely large memory bandwidth demand, leading to severe memory competition in server settings, e.g., a server may service one application that uses Path ORAM and one or multiple applications that do not. While Path ORAM synchronously and intensively uses all memory channels, the non-secure applications often exhibit low access intensity and large channel level imbalance. Traditional memory scheduling schemes lead to wasted memory bandwidth to the system and large performance degradation to both types of applications. In this paper, we propose CP-ORAM, a Cooperative Path ORAM design, to effectively schedule the memory requests from both types of applications. CP-ORAM consists of three schemes: P-Path, R-Path, and W-Path. P-Path assigns and enforces scheduling priority for effective memory bandwidth sharing. R-Path maximizes bandwidth utilization by proactively scheduling read operations from the next Path ORAM access. W-Path mitigates contention on busy memory channels with write redirection. We evaluate CP-ORAM and compare it to the state-of-the-art. Our results show that CP-ORAM helps to achieve 20% performance improvement on average over the baseline Path ORAM for the secure application in a four-channel server setting.
Limitations of Kinematic Models for Wheeled Mobile Robots

Wheeled Mobile Robots (WMRs) have been discussed extensively in the literature, and most of the reported work considers low speed, low acceleration, and lightly loaded applications. In such cases, kinematic models provide reasonably accurate results. As WMRs are designed to perform more demanding, practical applications with high speeds and/or high loads, kinematic models are no longer valid representations. This paper examines the limitations of WMR kinematic models through comparison to simulation results of dynamic models for both differentially and conventionally steered WMRs. An important feature of the dynamic models employed, which have been discussed in Boyden and Velinsky [1], is the use of a complex tire representation which is necessary to accurately account for the tire/ground interaction.
The Genesis of Independent Agencies

The status of independent agencies is almost certainly the most written about and litigated feature of the administrative state. Recently, the legal literature has paid sustained attention to the factors leading the formation of independent agencies. Under what circumstances are agencies more likely to have features insulating them from control by the President? In this Article, using a dataset that we constructed and that had not previously been analyzed, we seek to determine what factors make it more likely that agencies will be accorded what we call “indicia of independence.” We find that three factors in particular play a statistically significant role in making it more or less likely that Congress creates agencies with certain indicia of independence: the approval rating of the President, the size of the Senate majority, and the alignment of the political party of the Senate majority and the President. Of these three variables, two had never been tested prior to our study. In general, we find that Congress is less likely to create agencies with indicia of independence when the President is popular. Additionally, the size of the Senate majority affects whether Congress creates agencies with indicia of independence. When the Senate majority party is aligned with the President, an increase in the size of the majority makes it less likely that Congress will create an agency with indicia of independence. When the Senate majority is not aligned with the President, an increase in the majority makes it more likely that Congress will create an agency with indicia of independence. However, these variables, though statistically significant, do not have much explanatory power. Other unexplained factors for which we do not control in our models explain the majority of the variation in the decision to insulate agencies from presidential control.
High Resolution 1H-, 2H-, and 13C-NMR in Coal Research: Applications to Whole Coals, Soluble Fractions, and Liquefaction Products

Publisher Summary The need for compositional data on coal and environmentally acceptable fuels from coal was dictated primarily by the recent energy shortages experienced by many nations. Compositional data are important not only in evaluating fuels for their intended end use but also as an aid in the solution of problems associated with the development of economical and efficient coal-conversion processes This chapter discusses nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies of whole coals, solvent extracts of coals, and products from a specific coal liquefaction process development unit. The chapter presents an assessment of the potential of NMR as a means for determining the distribution of stable isotopes incorporated into products during coal liquefaction. The chapter presents the applications of NMR spectrometry in coal research.
"Firms, be Cool or Pretend to be So"

We propose that organizational emphasis on firm-specific human capital development can bring adversary retention of human resources and, ultimately, competitive disadvantage, pushing out high quali...
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus causes sustained collecting lymphatic vessel dysfunction

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is a frequent cause of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). Lymphedema-fluid accumulation in tissue caused by impaired lymphatic vessel function-is a strong risk factor for SSTIs. SSTIs also frequently recur in patients and sometimes lead to acquired lymphedema. However, the mechanism of how SSTIs can be both the consequence and the cause of lymphatic vessel dysfunction is not known. Intravital imaging in mice revealed an acute reduction in both lymphatic vessel contractility and lymph flow after localized MRSA infection. Moreover, chronic lymphatic impairment is observed long after MRSA is cleared and inflammation is resolved. Associated with decreased collecting lymphatic vessel function was the loss and disorganization of lymphatic muscle cells (LMCs), which are critical for lymphatic contraction. In vitro, incubation with MRSA-conditioned supernatant led to LMC death. Proteomic analysis identified several accessory gene regulator (agr)-controlled MRSA exotoxins that contribute to LMC death. Infection with agr mutant MRSA resulted in sustained lymphatic function compared to animals infected with wild-type MRSA. Our findings suggest that agr is a promising target to preserve lymphatic vessel function and promote immunity during SSTIs.
Placental ischemia-stimulated T-helper 17 cells induce preeclampsia-associated cytolytic natural killer cells during pregnancy.

Previous studies have demonstrated that T-helper 17 (TH17) cells and cytolytic natural killer (cNK) cells are increased in women with preeclampsia. In this study we investigated the role of placent...
Calculations of Low-Mach-Number Viscous Flows without Preconditioning by the Space-Time CE/SE Method

In this paper, we report the calculations of low-Mach-number viscous flows without preconditioning by the space-time CE/SE method. It is shown that the CE/SE method can sustain highly resolved solution for long-term calculations with large numbers of time steps. Several numerical examples are calculated to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the CE/SE method in calculating low-speed flows.
Invasive Species Biology, Ecology, Management and Risk Assessment: Evaluating and Mitigating the Invasion Risk of Biofuel Crops

Biofuel crops are being selected to require minimal inputs, tolerate marginal growing conditions, and exhibit rapid growth rates—agronomically desirable traits that also characterize many of our worst invasive species. Many of the candidate biofuel crops are known invasive or noxious species in portions of their non-native range. Most invasive species were intentionally introduced and cause tremendous environmental and economic harm globally. Necessary elements for the sustainable production of bioenergy include assessment and subsequent mitigation of the invasive potential of biofuel crops prior to large-scale adoption, as the economic benefits of bio-based energy may be offset by environmental damage and management costs. We outline a proposed invasiveness risk evaluation to be conducted on each crop, and subsequent mitigating practices along each step of the biofuel pathway.
Grinding Wheel Safety and Design

Grinding wheels are designed to withstand a variety of loads during the grinding of complex shapes. This chapter highlights the fundamental equations that are applied to calculate the highest stresses that may be encountered should the wheel rotate freely on its spindle. These are used to calculate the most conservative safety factors that are required in order to protect the grinding machine operator from wheel burst. The chapter focuses on new grinding wheel designs that are used in processes such as creep freed and VIPER grinding in addition to plain, parallel sided grinding wheels. Implications for safe practice during grinding are discussed.
Now you hear it, now you don't: Malleable illusory vowel effects in Spanish–English bilinguals

Spanish speakers tend to perceive an illusory [e] preceding word-initial [s]-consonant sequences, e.g., perceiving [stið] as [estið] (Cuetos, Halle, Dominguez & Segui, 2011), but this illusion is weaker for Spanish speakers who know English, which lacks the illusion (Carlson, Goldrick, Blasingame & Fink, 2016). The present study aimed to shed light on why this occurs by assessing how a brief interval spent using English impacts performance in Spanish auditory discrimination and lexical decision. Late Spanish–English bilinguals’ pattern of responses largely matched that of monolinguals, but their response times revealed significant differences between monolinguals and bilinguals, and between bilinguals who had just completed tasks in English vs. Spanish. These results suggest that late bilinguals do not simply learn to perceive initial [s]-consonant sequences veridically, but that elements of both their phonotactic systems interact dynamically during speech perception, as listeners work to identify what it was they just heard.
Bringing Focus to the Unseen: Legitimizing the Emotional Labor and Burnout of Service Workers with Recommendations for Human Resources Professionals

Emotional Labor is a critical occupational requirement for employees performing direct (person-to-person) service work. Despite the importance and prevalence of emotional labor as an occupational requirement in service industries, emotional labor is often not recognized from a human resources perspective separate and distinct of other job duties. This conceptual article explores emotional labor as an occupational requirement and analyzes the relationships between emotional labor and burnout. Human Resources recommendations are provided for human resources practitioners and organizational management.
Historical Archaeology of Early Modern Colonialism in Asia-Pacific: The Southwest Pacific and Oceanian Regions: Edited by María Cruz Berrocal and Cheng-hwa Tsang. Gainesville, University Press of Florida, 2017. xix + 327 pp., illustrations, maps, index. ISBN 9780813054759 (hardback). US$95.00.

This volume is the first book in a two-part series, which includes a second work titled Historical Archaeology of Early Modern Colonialism in Asia-Pacific: The Asia-Pacific Region. The series emerg...
Imaging Diagnosis of Shoulder Arthropathy

Shoulder is a highly mobile joint that maintains an exquisite balance. In fact, two of the most common disorders of the shoulder (adhesive capsulitis and instability) are demonstrative of alterations in balance. Articular disorder may also be the end result of this loss of stability regulation.
Neue Kombinationen, BiTE-Antikörper und Antikörper-Wirkstoff-Konjugate bei urogenitalen Tumoren

Neue Daten zu Enzalutamid und Apalutamid zeigen einen deutlichen Uberlebensvorteil beider Androgenrezeptor-gerichteten Medikamente beim Hormontherapie-naivem, metastasiertem Prostatakarzinom. Aber auch beim fortgeschrittenen Nierenzellkarzinom und Urothelkarzinom gab es Neuigkeiten.
Organizational Climate: Collegiality and Supervisor Support in Early Childhood Education Programs

In the current study, collegiality, defined as social interactions and belongingness among teachers, and supervisor support, defined as teachers’ perceptions of leadership and support, are explored. To examine these two dimensions of organizational climate in early care and education work environments, the Teacher Satisfaction Inventory (Cassidy, Teacher Satisfaction Inventory (TSI), 2016) was completed by 48 teachers in child care centers across one southeastern state. Teachers rated 16 items focused on collegiality and 13 items related to supervisor support from 1 to 4 using a Likert-type scale focused on occurrence in their work setting. Results revealed positive aspects of collegiality and supervisor support occur frequently; although teachers reported negative occurrences of these dimensions as well. Findings also indicate that collegiality is related to program quality, but not classroom quality. Findings are discussed in terms of assessing these dimensions in early childhood teacher work settings, the importance of examining and understanding administrative work, and the relevance of the organizational climate to program quality.
A Positive Charge in the Outer Coordination Sphere of an Artificial Enzyme Increases CO2 Hydrogenation

The protein scaffold around the active site of enzymes is known to influence catalytic activity, but specific scaffold features responsible for favorable influences are often not known. This study ...
Calcium–magnesium aluminosilicate (CMAS) interactions with ytterbium silicate environmental barrier coating material at elevated temperatures

Abstract Thermochemical interactions between a calcium-magnesium aluminosilicate (CMAS) glass and ytterbium disilicate (Yb2Si2O7), a candidate environmental barrier coating (EBC) material, have been investigated. Pellets of Yb2Si2O7 and CMAS glass powder were heat treated at 1200, 1300, 1400 and 1500 °C for 1, 10 and 50 h in air. Powder X-ray diffraction was employed to identify the resulting phases. In a second series of experiments, Yb2Si2O7 substrates were prepared by hot pressing, and cylindrical wells were drilled into the material surface. CMAS glass powder was added to the wells to achieve a loading of ~35 mg/cm2 and subsequently heat treated at 1200, 1300, 1400 and 1500 °C for durations of 1, 10 and 50 h in air. Sample cross-sections were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, electron microprobe analysis and transmission electron microscopy to evaluate the resulting microstructure, phases and compositions at the CMAS/Yb2Si2O7 interface. Dissolution of ytterbium silicate into molten CMAS followed by precipitation of Yb2Si2O7 coupled with CMAS grain boundary penetration at elevated temperatures were the dominant mechanisms by which CMAS effectively infiltrated and altered the Yb2Si2O7 substrate microstructure.
Influence of dissipative properties on the magnetoelectric coefficient in bilayer films

The theory of the direct magnetoelectric effect in a bilayer ferromagnetic—piezoelectric structure is presented with the exact consideration for electric fields, inhomogeneous over the thickness of...
Autonomic and Cardiac Repolarization Lability in Long QT Syndrome Patients.

Abstract Objective Long QT-Syndrome (LQTS) patients are at risk of arrhythmias and seizures. We investigated whether autonomic and cardiac repolarization measures differed based on LQTS genotypes, and in LQTS patients with vs. without arrhythmias and seizures. Methods We used 24-h ECGs from LQTS1 (n = 87), LQTS2 (n = 50), and LQTS genotype negative patients (LQTS(−), n = 16). Patients were stratified by LQTS genotype, and arrhythmias/seizures. Heart rate variability (HRV) and QT variability index (QTVI) measures were compared between groups during specific physiological states (minimum, middle, & maximum sympathovagal balance, LF/HF). Results were further tested using logistic regression for each ECG measure, and all HRV measures in a single multivariate model. Results Across multiple physiological states, total autonomic (SDNN) and vagal (RMSSD, pNN50) function were lower and repolarization dynamics (QTVI) were elevated in LQTS(+), LQTS1, and LQTS2, compared to LQTS(−). Many measures remained significant in the regression models. Multivariate modeling demonstrated that SDNN, RMSSD, and pNN50 were independent markers of LQTS(+) vs. LQTS(−), and SDNN and pNN50 were markers for LQTS1 vs. LQTS(−). During sympathovagal balance (middle LF/HF), RMSSD and pNN50 distinguished LQTS1 vs. LQTS2. LQTS1 patients with arrhythmias had lower total (SDNN) and vagal (RMSSD and pNN50) autonomic function, and SDNN remained significant in the models. In contrast, ECG measures did not differ in LQTS2 patients with vs. without arrhythmias, and LQTS1 and LQTS2 with vs. without seizures. Conclusion Autonomic (HRV) and cardiac repolarization (QTVI) ECG measures differ based on LQTS genotype and history of arrhythmias in LQTS1. SDNN, RMSSD, and pNN50 were each independent markers for LQTS genotype.
Assessing damage and collapse capacity of reinforced concrete structures using the gradient inelastic beam element formulation

Abstract In the recent years, there have been growing efforts to simulate the response of reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures in the post-peak range and until collapse using distributed-plasticity beam-column elements, as opposed to concentrated-plasticity elements. Concentrated-plasticity elements require component-level testing data for their calibration, which can be scarce, whereas distributed-plasticity elements only require material testing data, which are abundant, thereby making them much more attractive. However, in the presence of softening constitutive relations, distributed-plasticity elements suffer from strain localization, which causes loss of response objectivity and convergence failures of the member-level solution algorithms. To address these deficiencies, the authors recently formulated the gradient inelastic (GI) beam theory and developed the GI force-based (FB) element formulation. The capabilities of this new element formulation are herein compared with those of modeling strategies employing existing displacement-based (DB) and FB distributed-plasticity frame elements commonly used to model softening systems. First, comparisons are performed against RC column test data that include not only force vs. displacement curves, but also curvature distributions. Subsequently, predictions of damage and collapse of RC framed structures obtained by the modeling strategies using different distributed-plasticity elements are investigated. Two RC moment frames of two and four stories and a two-span RC bridge with a single-column pier are simulated by the aforementioned modeling approaches, under static pushover loading and earthquake ground motions, including Incremental Dynamic Analyses (IDAs). Comparisons with experimental data demonstrate the capability of the GI FB element to more accurately and realistically capture the curvature distributions over the length of RC members, while comparisons of the IDA results show that models employing the GI element formulation predict lower collapse capacities by about 15% and greater damage.
Using Knowledge Graphs and Cognitive Approaches for Literature Review Analysis: A Framework.

Advancements in research tools and databases have accelerated the scientific research life cycle. However, the chronological gap between published research, research in progress and emerging research topics is shrinking, thus putting pressure on researchers to find novel research ideas. The Literature Review (LR) process is a fundamental process that can identify gaps in the research literature and stimulate new research ideas. While many researchers adopt different methodologies conducting LR, there is no methodology that can comprehensively unveil innovative research ideas. This research aims to develop a search by concepts framework. The framework involves the use of Natural Language Processing (NLP), Knowledge Graphs (KGs), and Question Answering systems (QA) to ease finding relevant concepts related to a certain scientific topic along with associated files and citations that would in return maximize the efficiency of the scientific research. The framework also allows researchers to visualize the connection between different concepts similar to the cognitive imaging of the human mind.
Mikrobengärten auf der Haut von Säuglingen

Wenn wir vom Fortschritt traumen, stellen wir uns meist technologische Verbesserungen vor. Dabei scheint die Gegenwart der Vergangenheit uberlegen zu sein, und die Zukunft wiederum der Gegenwart. Wenn es aber um den Umgang mit dem Leben um uns herum geht, insbesondere in unseren Hausern, liegen wir mit dieser Vorstellung von Fortschritt moglicherweise falsch.
Natural archives, changing climates

De canvis climatics n'hi ha hagut al llarg de tota la historia de la humanitat, pero els mesuraments instrumentals no ofereixen una perspectiva gaire amplia sobre les variacions del clima. En moltes regions, els registres instrumentals nomes es remunten a un segle o dos. Per a entendre la variabilitat del sistema climatic a mes llarg termini, comptem amb els arxius naturals sediments, casquets glacials, torberes, diposits en coves, bandes de corall i anells dels arbres, en els quals s'ha conservat un registre dels canvis climatics passats. Aquests arxius son una valuosa mina d'informacio per a la historia climatica i ambiental del planeta i proporcionen informacio sobre els factors que poden haver fet canviar el clima, com ara grans erupcions volcaniques explosives, canvis en la irradiancia solar i efectes en l'atmosfera produits pels humans. Els arxius paleoclimatics mostren que la Terra ha experimentat situacions molt diferents de les d'avui, fins i tot en el passat recent, i ens proporcionen un marc de referencia per a avaluar la magnitud dels canvis futurs que es probable que s'esdevinguin a mesura que els gasos d'efecte d'hivernacle es vagin acumulant a l'atmosfera. En el passat hi ha hagut societats que s'han ensorrat a causa de canvis climatics bruscos i inesperats, i les proves paleoclimatiques demostren que som vulnerables als canvis rapids en els patrons climatics. Malauradament, molts dels arxius naturals que ofereixen aquesta perspectiva exclusiva sobre el clima del passat estan avui amenacats per les activitats humanes, i els mateixos canvis climatics que intentem entendre.
The Control of Synchronous Systems

In the synchronous composition of processes, one process may prevent another process from proceeding unless compositions without a well-defined product behavior are ruled out. They can be ruled out semantically, by insisting on the existence of certain fixed points, or syntactically, by equipping processes with types, which make the dependencies between input and output signals transparent. We classify various typing mechanisms and study their effects on the control problem. A static type enforces fixed, acyclic dependencies between input and output ports. For example, synchronous hardware without combinational loops can be typed statically. A dynamic type may vary the dependencies from state to state, while maintaining acyclicity, as in level-sensitive latches. Then, two dynamically typed processes can be syntactically compatible, if all pairs of possible dependencies are compatible, or semantically compatible, if in each state the combined dependencies remain acyclic. For a given plant process and control objective, there may be a controller of a static type, or only a controller of a syntactically compatible dynamic type, or only a controller of a semantically compatible dynamic type. We show this to be a strict hierarchy of possibilities, and we present algorithms and determine the complexity of the corresponding control problems. Furthermore, we consider versions of the control problem in which the type of the controller (static or dynamic) is given. We show that the solution of these fixed-type control problems requires the evaluation of partially ordered (Henkin) quantifiers on boolean formulas, and is therefore harder (nondeterministic exponential time) than more traditional control questions.