cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improved ELISA to measure thymosin α1: Comparison of whole and absorbed antisera

An improved microELISA to measure thymosin alpha 1 (T alpha 1) is described which uses a rabbit antibody against T alpha 1 that has been absorbed with a synthetic C-14 fragment of T alpha 1. This assay is compared to the previous assay which used the whole antisera. The antibodies to T alpha 1 are preincubated with the standard or human sera overnight at 4 degrees C, then incubated for an additional 24 h in microtiter plates coated with T alpha 1. Using the whole antiserum, the average T alpha 1 level was 2480 +/- 1110 (mean +/- S.D.) pg/ml by ELISA and 2360 +/- 870 pg/ml by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in eight different samples of human cord sera. Using the N-specific absorbed antiserum the mean T alpha 1 level was 11,800 +/- 4800 pg/ml by ELISA and 10,600 +/- 5200 pg/ml by RIA. Recoveries of exogenously added T alpha 1 are complete (109 +/- 25% for whole and 108 +/- 15% for absorbed antisera). The absorbed antiserum has an increased affinity for the amino acid terminal region of T alpha 1 and the T alpha 1 values by use of absorbed antisera are significantly higher (3-5 x) than those measured using the whole antisera. Thus, the absorbed antisera produces an ELISA which is more sensitive and specific for serum thymosin alpha 1.
Advances in Structures for Large Space Systems

The development of structural systems for scientific remote sensing and space exploration has been underway for four decades. The seminal work from 1960 to 1980 provided the basis for many of the design principles of modern space systems. From 1980- 2000 advances in active materials and structures and the maturing of composites technology led to high precision active systems such those used in the Space Interferometry Mission. Recently, thin-film membrane or gossamer structures are being investigated for use in large area space systems because of their low mass and high packaging efficiency. Various classes of Large Space Systems (LSS) are defined in order to describe the goals and system challenges in structures and materials technologies. With an appreciation of both past and current technology developments, future technology challenges are used to develop a list of technology investments that can have significant impacts on LSS development.
Depletion of reserves in ant queens during claustral colony founding

Gynes in the claustrally-founding speciesCrematogaster opuntiae andCamponotus festinatus accumulate large amounts of protein and lipid between the time of eclosion and mating. During colony founding, protein is depleted from both the thorax and abdomen and lipid from the abdomen. The abdomen, and specifically its accumulated storage protein, provides an amino acid store equivalent to or larger than that of flight muscle. The importance of this second major protein reserve in the evolution of claustral colony founding should be considered.
Effects of Δ9-THC on food and water intake of deprivation experienced rats

Two groups of sixteen rats were placed on either a 23-hr food or water deprivation regimen for 150 days. For twelve days following this period of adaptation, half of the rats in each group were pretreated with an oral dose of 1.0 milligram Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol per kilogram of body weight which was administered immediately after the daily 1-hr access to food and water. During the twelve-day treatment phase, all the rats were administered the drug dose two hours prior to the daily access period. Finally, the rats were returned to nondrug recovery conditions for eight days. The amount of food and water consumed during the 1-hr access period was increased by Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol throughout the treatment phase, regardless of the rats' deprivation or pretreatment drug conditions.
Preferential transport of non-enzymatically glucosylated ferritin across the kidney glomerulus.

Preferential transport of non-enzymatically glucosylated ferritin across the kidney glomerulus. We have examined the significance of carbohydrate structure to the transglomerular passage of proteins Carbohydrate-free (non-glycosylated) ferritin, prepared by Concanavalin-A-sepharose affinity chromatography, was perfused into rat kidneys, and was observed to be restricted from transglomerular transport and to accumulate within the lamina rara interna of the glomerular basement membrane. Visibility of the laminar structure of the glomerular basement membrane was enhanced following perfusion fixation containing tannic acid, permitting the observation of charge dense regions within the basement membrane Non-enzymatically glucosylated ferritin was not restricted by the lamina rara interna and was observed to penetrate the lamina densa and lamina rara externa. Glucosylated ferritin was observed to be sequestered also by epithelial pinocytic vesicles and to be accumulated within multivesicular bodies. Quantitative measurements using fluorescently labelled ferritins indicated the preferential clearance of glucosylated ferritin from the plasma and preferential appearance of glucosylated ferritin in the urine. The differential transport of glucosylated ferritin was not due to the formation of a cationic protein, as isoelectric focusing established that glucosylation of ferritin results in a more anionic protein. These studies suggest that glucosylation of anionic proteins results in their increased transglomerular permeability. This increased protein permeability could contribute to the proteinuria observed in diabetic microangiopathy.
Intersequence cyclization in copolymers of N‐vinyl carbamates

synopsis Monomer reactivity ratios determined for the copolymerization of fert-butyl N-vinylcarbamate (rA = 0.55 & 0.05) with phenyl N-vinylcarbamate (rg = 2.08 =t 0.15) indicate that the monomer units are distributed randomly along the polymer chains. The following sequence of reactions was used to cause intersequence cyclization between tert-butyl AT-vinylcarbamate and pheriyl .hi-vinylcarbamate units in the copolymers. The extent of cyclization obtained was in accord with that expected for random copolymers.
Genetic program based data mining of fuzzy decision trees and methods of improving convergence and reducing bloat

ABSTRACT A data mining procedure for automatic determination of fuzzy decision tree structure using a genetic program (GP) is discussed. A GP is an algorithm that evolves other algorithms or mathematical expressions. Innovative methods for accelerating convergence of the data mining procedure and reducing bloat are given. In genetic programming, bloat refers to excessive tree growth. It has been observed that th e trees in the evolving GP population will grow by a factor of three every 50 generations. When evolving mathematical expressions much of the bloat is due to the expressions not being in algebraically simplest form. So a bloat reduction method based on automated computer algebra has been introduced. The effectiveness of this procedure is discussed. Also, rules based on fuzzy logic have been introduced into the GP to accelerate convergence, reduce bloat and produce a solution more readily understood by the human user. These rules are discussed as well as other techniques for convergence improvement and bloat control. Comparisons between trees created using a genetic program and those constructed solely by interviewing experts are made. A new co-evolutionary method that improves the control logic evolved by the GP by having a genetic algorithm evolve pathological scenarios is discussed. The effect on the control logic is considered. Finally, additional methods that have been used to validate the data mining algorithm are referenced. Keywords: data mining, knowledge discovery, fuzzy logic, genetic program, genetic algorithm, co-evolution
Effect of ring length and diameter on effective radial setting expansion

Abstract It was previously demonstrated that flaring of MOD inlay castings was inversely proportional to the diameters of casting rings. The purpose of this study was (1) to determine if radial setting expansion of investment was primarily responsible for the inverse proportion and (2) to characterize further the fluid mechanics of setting expansion by determination of setting expansion in casting rings of different lengths and diameters. Eight sets of ten MOD inlay wax patterns with radiopaque markers at the axiogingival and axiopulpal junctions were individually invested in plastic casting rings in two groups: (A) 28 mm diameter and 30 mm, 32 mm, 34 mm, and 42 mm long; and (B) 28 mm, 40 mm, 51 mm, and 60 mm diameter and 34 mm long. All specimens were imaged (by xeroradiography) at specific intervals during the setting reaction; dimensions were measured on the images at each interval. In casting rings of different lengths, no significant differences (p > 0.05) were found in total effective setting expansion. Because setting expansion in the 28-mm-diameter rings was from 1.3% to 1.5% and diminished proportionately in rings of increasing diameter, setting expansion of investment appears to be the primary determinant of mold expansion. In casting rings of different diameters, significant differences (p
Expression of the Cell Cycle Inhibitor p27KIP1 Is a New Prognostic Marker Associated with Survival in Epithelial Ovarian Tumors

This case-control study was designed to identify factors associated with long-term survival. We examined two groups of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer, one group of long-term survivors (>5 years) and one group of short-term survivors ( KIP1 proteins (as both proteins have been shown to be independent prognostic markers in tumors other than ovary) and the relationship with patient survival. Our findings show that p27 KIP1 expression, in contrast to p53 expression, is positively associated with long-term survival in univariate analysis ( P = 0.001), in analyses stratified by residual disease ( P = 0.02) or performance status ( P = 0.02), the two strongest prognostic factors for ovarian cancer, as well as multivariate analysis ( P = 0.002) adjusting simultaneously for age, tumor stage, residual disease, performance status, and grade of differentiation. Therefore, immunostaining for levels of p27 KIP1 expression may have potential as a new prognostic factor in the management of ovarian cancer.
Duplicate publication with consequence of potential misinformation and further controversy.

We find ourselves in the awkward position of submitting a commentary on our review appearing in Pediatric Radiology entitled “Neuroimaging of nonaccidental trauma: pitfalls and controversies” after it has been e-published, but before it has come out in print [1]. Since it is too late to revise the article, we hope to publish this commentary alongside it. The decision to write this letter at this time is due to our desire to avoid any possibility of potential propagation of misinformation. Ironically, our review deals with controversies and pitfalls, and the reason for this letter is due to controversy as well. This controversy, which has been brewing for some time, is regarding the potential pitfall of confusing the neuroimaging findings of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) with nonaccidental trauma. We recently became fully aware of the details of this controversy and felt obligated to write this letter. In a recent letter to the editor of Pediatric Radiology, Dr. Leonidas asks the question “What now?” regarding an independently confirmed case of duplicate publication [2]. Dr. Leonidas’s letter is in reference to another letter published in Pediatric Radiology written earlier in 2007 by Hansen and Frikke entitled “Dual and discrepant case publication in regard to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and child abuse” [3]. In their letter, Hansen and Frikke accuse Fitzgerald and McClain of publishing the same case of HLH twice in two different journals and leaving out critical clinical information in one journal, resulting in two different interpretations of the findings [4, 5]. Dr. Leonidas’s letter confirms the dual submission accusation made by Hansen and Frikke, providing dates and proving that the two articles were submitted to two different journals within days of one another. Further, Dr. Leonidas confirms the accusation of Hansen and Frikke that the two articles did include at least one case of HLH with differing interpretations of the clinical findings [2]. In the article published in Pediatric Radiology by Fitzgerald and McClain, the authors describe the imaging findings of 25 children with HLH, including bone and brain involvement [4]. The bony findings, described as periosteal reaction, cortical irregularity, osteopenia and rib fractures, were not stated to be due to HLH, but their cause was not made clear. Regarding the brain findings, one of the cases included in the Fitzgerald-McClain article was also included in an article by Rooms, Fitzgerald and McClain in Pediatrics entitled “Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis masquerading as child abuse: presentation of three cases and review of central nervous system findings in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis” [5]. In their article (from which we reprinted with permission an axial CT image showing intracranial hemorrhage and cerebral edema), Rooms et al. warn of the pitfall of confusing HLH with nonaccidental Pediatr Radiol (2008) 38:839–840 DOI 10.1007/s00247-008-0821-1
ANAEROBIC METABOLISM IN LAKE WASHINGTON SEDIMENTS1

A method of measuring the dehydrogenase activity of sediments at 10°C was calibrated by direct microcalorimetry at the same temperature. Field measurements of dehydrogenase activity of sediments in Lake Washington were converted to rates of metabolic heat release by means of the significant regression of dehydrogenase activity on metabolic heat release. Simultaneous field measurements at 10°C of oxygen uptake by undisturbed sediment cores were converted to rates of metabolic heat release by the factor 4.8 cal liberated per milliliter of oxygen consumed. Dehydrogenase activity varies from place to place and differs between layers of the same core. Although there is a general trend of decreasing activity with sediment depth, some subsurface layers have relatively high activity. Dehydrogenase activity, which was detected down to the deepest layers of the sediment cores, 21 to 31 cm, appears to be more a function of plankton remains than of total organic carbon in the sediment. The integrated metabolic heat release based on dehydrogenase activity of the entire core was invariably greater than the metabolic heat release calculated from the rates of oxygen uptake. Thus, it appears that the rate of total oxygen uptake by the sediment surface underestimates benthic community metabolism in the sediment column.
Water-in-Oil Coalescence in Micro-Nanofiber Composite Filters

Coalescence filtration is very effective for the separation of secondary emulsions that contain water droplets with diameters less than 50 μm. The factors that control the performance of coalescer filter media are fiber size and wettability. High wettability moterials for water-in-oil dispersion promote coalescence. New experimental results investigating the performance of nonwoven filter media glass fiber augmented with polymer nanofiber are presented in relation to the relevant parameters (wettability, filter depth, flow velocity, and filter materials). A decrease in fiber size improves the overall separation efficiency of the process. However, the nanofibers cause a significant increase in the pressure drop through the filler.
234U/238U and δ87Sr in peat as tracers of paleosalinity in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California, USA

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the history of paleosalinity over the past 6000+ years in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (the Delta), which is the innermost part of the San Francisco Estuary. We used a combination of Sr and U concentrations, δ87Sr values, and 234U/238U activity ratios (AR) in peat as proxies for tracking paleosalinity. Peat cores were collected in marshes on Browns Island, Franks Wetland, and Bacon Channel Island in the Delta. Cores were dated using 137Cs, the onset of Pb and Hg contamination from hydraulic gold mining, and 14C. A proof of concept study showed that the dominant emergent macrophyte and major component of peat in the Delta, Schoenoplectus spp., incorporates Sr and U and that the isotopic composition of these elements tracks the ambient water salinity across the Estuary. Concentrations and isotopic compositions of Sr and U in the three main water sources contributing to the Delta (seawater, Sacramento River water, and San Joaquin River water) were used to construct a three-end-member mixing model. Delta paleosalinity was determined by examining variations in the distribution of peat samples through time within the area delineated by the mixing model. The Delta has long been considered a tidal freshwater marsh region, but only peat samples from Franks Wetland and Bacon Channel Island have shown a consistently fresh signal (
Implicit methods for fluid dynamics

Abstract This paper represents the contributions to the development of implicit procedures for solving the equations of fluid dynamics made by Briley and McDonald (1975) [1] , Beam and Warming (1976, 1978) [2] , [3] and Lombard et al. (1983) [4] . The contributions of Briley and McDonald and Beam and Warming are well known, but Lombard has not been fully recognized for his innovative contributions to flux vector splitting and use of the DDADI (Diagonally Dominate Alternating Direction Implicit) algorithm. Their contributions are presented herein. Fully implicit algorithms are applied to two complex flow problems of current interest, (1) hypersonic non-equilibrium flow about a blunt nosed body and (2) flow within an MFD (magneto-fluid dynamics) accelerator. These two applications would be exceeding costly without the use of fully implicit methods.
The C. elegans Cell Corpse Engulfment Gene ced-7 Encodes a Protein Similar to ABC Transporters

The C. elegans gene ced-7 functions in the engulfment of cell corpses during programmed cell death. We report that the CED-7 protein has sequence similarity to ABC transporters, is broadly expressed during embryogenesis, and is localized to the plasma membrane. Mosaic analysis revealed that ced-7 functions in both dying cells and engulfing cells during the engulfment process. We propose that CED-7 functions to translocate molecules that mediate homotypic adhesion between the cell surfaces of the dying and engulfing cells. Like CED-7, the mammalian ABC transporter ABC1 has been implicated in the engulfment of cell corpses, suggesting that CED-7 and ABC1 may be functionally similar and that the molecular mechanism underlying cell corpse engulfment during programmed cell death may be conserved from nematodes to mammals.
The Principal Three-Dimensional Subgroup and the Betti Numbers of a Complex Simple Lie Group

Let g be a complex simple Lie algebra and let G be the adjoint group of g. It is by now classical that the Poincare polynomial p G (t) of G factors into the form
Resisting Political Fragmentation on the Internet

Abstract Must the Internet promote political fragmentation? Although this is a possible outcome of personalized online news, we argue that other futures are possible and that thoughtful design could promote more socially desirable behavior. Research has shown that individuals crave opinion reinforcement more than they avoid exposure to diverse viewpoints and that, in many situations, hearing the other side is desirable. We suggest that, equipped with this knowledge, software designers ought to create tools that encourage and facilitate consumption of diverse news streams, making users, and society, better off. We propose several techniques to help achieve this goal. One approach focuses on making useful or intriguing opinion-challenges more accessible. The other centers on nudging people toward diversity by creating environments that accentuate its benefits. Advancing research in this area is critical in the face of increasingly partisan news media, and we believe these strategies can help.
Squares and primitivity in partial words

Recently, Tittmann et?al. introduced the subgraph component polynomial and showed that its power for distinguishing graphs is quite different from the power of other graph polynomials that appear in the literature such as the matching polynomial, the Tutte polynomial, the characteristic polynomial, the chromatic polynomial, etc. The subgraph component polynomial enumerates vertex-induced subgraphs in a given undirected graph with respect to the number of components. We show the use of the subgraph component polynomial to count the number of primitive partial words of a given length over an alphabet of a fixed size, which leads to a method for enumerating such partial words. We also give a tight bound for the maximum number of holes a primitive partial word can have. Doing so allows us to establish some tight upper and lower bounds on the maximum number of occurrences of primitively-rooted squares, i.e.,?adjacent occurrences of two compatible substrings with primitive root, in a given partial word with a fixed number of holes over a fixed alphabet size.
Flow regime identification methodology with neural networks and two-phase flow models

Vertical two-phase flows often need to be categorized into flow regimes. In each flow regime, flow conditions share similar geometric and hydrodynamic characteristics. Previously, flow regime identification was carried out by flow visualization or instrumental indicators. In this research, to avoid any instrumentation errors and any subjective judgments involved, vertical flow regime identification was performed based on theoretical two-phase flow simulation with supervised and self-organizing neural network systems. Statistics of the two-phase flow impedance were used as input to these systems. They were trained with results from an idealized simulation that was mainly based on Mishima and Ishii's flow regime map, the drift flux model, and the newly developed model of slug flow. These trained systems were verified with impedance signals measured by an impedance void-meter. The results conclusively demonstrate that the neural network systems are appropriate classifiers of vertical flow regimes. The theoretical models and experimental databases used in the simulation are shown to be reliable.
Natural Law and Vengeance: Jurisprudence on the Streets of Gotham

Batman is allied with modern natural law in the way he relies upon reason to bring about his vision of ‘true justice’, operating as a force external to law. This vision of justice is a protective one, with Batman existing as a guardian—a force for resistance against the corruption of the state and the failures of the legal system. But alongside his rational means, Batman also employs violence as he moves beyond the boundaries of the civilised state into the dark and violent world outside law’s protection. He thus sacrifices his own safety to ensure the safety of others—he is a Dark Knight, a sentinel, fighting the nasty and brutish underworld of criminality in his effort to bring rational order to the world and protect the people of Gotham from criminal harm. This fight for justice is fuelled by a deeply private trauma: the murder of Bruce Wayne’s parents: a private desire for vengeance that Batman transcends. In navigating Batman’s jurisprudential dimensions, we are ultimately reminded that private desires and motivations are enfolded within the public structures of justice.
MACROCEPHALY WITH DELAY IN GROWTH: A COMMON FINDING AT DIAGNOSIS IN VARIOUS TYPES OF RICKETS † 541

MACROCEPHALY WITH DELAY IN GROWTH: A COMMON FINDING AT DIAGNOSIS IN VARIOUS TYPES OF RICKETS † 541
Development of a radioligand tissue receptor assay for human follicle- stimulating hormone

A rat testes tubule receptor preparation has been characterized with respect to its usefulness for measurement of FSH activity in fractions derived from human pituitary glands. Highly purified human FSH, iodinated by a modification of the chloramine-T procedure, was employed as the radioligand. A series of human gonadotropin fractions were assayed in the FSH radioligand-receptor assay (RLA) and also in the Steelman-Pohley hCG-augmented rat ovarian weight gain assay (S-P assay), using LER-907 (20 IU/mg) as the assay reference preparation in each instance. The index of discrimination (ID) for a series of hFSH fractions ranging in potency from 53 IU/mg to 3608 IU/mg was 1.05. Highly purified hLH, hTSH and hCG showed 125I-hFSH uptake inhibition activity ranging from 0.9 to 3.6% that of highly purified hFSH. Significant uptake inhibition of labeled hFSH could be obtained with 2.5 ng of pure hFSH, while no uptake inhibition was seen with 10,000 ng of human growth hormone, human prolactin, ovine prolactin, ACTH ...
At the edge of science: Joseph Henry, ‘Visionary Theorizers’, and the Smithsonian institution

Summary As first Secretary of the newly formed Smithsonian Institution, the American physicist Joseph Henry (1797–1878) was called upon almost daily to screen and evaluate scientific and technical proposals from outside investigators. Many of these investigators came from the fringe of the scientific community or beyond, and favoured ideas which deviated from current orthodoxy. Henry's policies toward this fringe group, a neglected aspect of the Smithsonian's early history, are examined through extensive manuscript evidence.
Modulation of lipid digestibility using structured emulsion-based delivery systems: Comparison of in vivo and in vitro measurements

Emulsion-based delivery systems are finding increasing application to enhance the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals, and to control the biological fate of ingested lipids. These systems can be designed to encapsulate lipophilic components, and then release them at specific locations within the gastrointestinal tract. The current study evaluated the performance of four emulsion-based delivery systems with different structures: (A) conventional emulsions; (B) small microcluster emulsions; (C) large microcluster emulsions; (D) filled hydrogel beads. These systems were fabricated from protein-coated lipid droplets, alginate, and/or calcium. The mean diameters (d43) of the particles in these systems were 0.36, 4.7, 200, and 510 μm, respectively. The fate of the delivery systems within the gastrointestinal tract was ascertained by introducing them into rat stomachs. Confocal microscopy showed that system D remained intact in the stomach, but systems A, B and C exhibited considerable disruption leading to droplet coalescence. No intact delivery systems were observed within the small intestine using optical microscopy. Gas chromatography analysis using a marker lipid (tridecanoic acid) demonstrated that absorption was increasingly inhibited as the size of the droplet-biopolymer complexes increased, i.e., A > B > C > D. These results are in good qualitative agreement with previous in vitro digestion studies using similar delivery systems. This study showed that an in vitro digestion model is a useful predictive tool for in vivo feeding studies, and that encapsulation is an effective strategy to control the fate of lipids within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Influence of Morphology and Permafrost Dynamics on Hyporheic Exchange in Arctic Headwater Streams under Warming Climate Conditions

[1] We investigated surface-subsurface (hyporheic) exchange in two morphologically distinct arctic headwater streams experiencing warming (thawing) sub-channel conditions. Empirically parameterized and calibrated groundwater flow models were used to assess the influence of sub-channel thaw on hyporheic exchange. Average thaw depths were at least two-fold greater under the higher-energy, alluvial stream than under the low-energy, peat-lined stream. Alluvial hyporheic exchange had shorter residence times and longer flowpaths that occurred across greater portions of the thawed sediments. For both reaches, the morphologic (longitudinal bed topography) and hydraulic conditions (surface and groundwater flow properties) set the potential for hyporheic flow. Simulations of deeper thaw, as predicted under a warming arctic climate, only influence hyporheic exchange until a threshold depth. This depth is primarily determined by the hydraulic head gradients imposed by the stream morphology. Therefore, arctic hyporheic exchange extent is likely to be independent of greater sub-stream thaw depths.
What are effects of electric shock

Are brain cells injured when currents do not pass through the head? What influence upon life continuity does the current path through the body have? In an effort to approach an answer to these and related questions a second set of experimental data is given herewith.
Uptake of Iodide into Growing Chicken Oocytes

Abstract Sodium 1 2 5iodide was injected intraperitoneally into laying hens and two modes of experimentation utilized to determine the nature of its distribution into plasma and yolk compartments.
From Mercury to Pluto: A Common Approach to Mission Timekeeping

The successful launch of the New Horizons spacecraft for a rendezvous with Pluto and Charon and the continuing progress of the MESSENGER spacecraft toward Mercury now positions mankind to unlock mysteries of our solar system from Mercury to Pluto and beyond. Both missions, though very different in concept, use the same generic timekeeping system design. This paper explores how we maintain time on these spacecraft and how we establish on the ground the correlation between spacecraft time and Earth time. It further reviews the sub-millisecond correlation accuracy that has been demonstrated for the MESSENGER mission and the time accuracy we expect to achieve for that mission at Mercury and for the New Horizons mission at Pluto-Charon
The equivalence of the superconducting transition temperature of pure indium as determined by electrical resistance, magnetic susceptibility, and heat-capacity measurements

The superconducting transition temperature of a well-annealed polycrystalline sample of pure indium was determined by three different techniques. The heatcapacity and susceptibility transitions are approximately 1 mK wide and span the same temperature interval. The resistance transition is less than 0.2 mK wide and occurs at the center of the other transitions. By choosing the midpoint of each transition the three measurements are identical to within 0.1 mK.
Lunate revascularization with artery implantation and bone grafting.

Treatment of Kienbock's disease encompasses a wide array of options. Proper staging is the first step to successful treatment. Revascularization of the lunate remains a viable option for the treatment of Lichtman stage II or IIIA Kienbock's disease. In this article, we review the indications for and the surgical technique used with a modified Hori procedure (vascular pedicle insertion with structural distal radius graft) for revascularization of the lunate.
A simplified wide band model of the cumulative distribution function for water vapor

A simple and accurate model to describe the wide band absorption coefficient cumulative distribution function is developed. The model, based on exact limiting formulations of the cumulative distribution function, explicitly expresses the absorption coefficient in terms of the cumulative distribution function, simplifying the solution of the radiative transfer equation. Parameters for the 1.38, 1.87, 2.7 and 6.3 μm bands of water vapor are developed for a wide range of pressures and temperatures from 300 to 2900 K. The parameters for the rotational band of water vapor include temperatures from 300 to 1900 K. The results obtained with this simplified model are in good agreement with existing narrow band and line-by-line results. The simplified cumulative distribution function model provides a wide band absorption consistent with alternate methods.
Study on Group Differences of Online Shopping Based on Data Mining

In the face of complex problems of implementation intentions predict the online shopping behavior, we conducted a preliminary exploration of group differences intention on the online shopping behavior using data mining method. The research results show, different types of temperament, personality, gender and living area in online shopping experience and behavior intention have common characteristics of groups, and different groups have obvious difference in online shopping behavior . Finally, this paper combined with large data and the mobile Internet era characteristic, put forward to large data comprehensive online shopping search behavior index, O2O business model as the foundation, the prospect of research on the construction of implementation intention theory of online shopping behavior.
Implementation of a high-throughput screen for identifying small molecules to activate the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway.

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that induces a battery of cytoprotective genes involved in antioxidant defense through binding to Antioxidant Response Elements (ARE) located in the promoter regions of these genes. To identify Nrf2 activators for the treatment of oxidative/electrophilic stress-induced diseases, the present study developed a high-throughput assay to evaluate Nrf2 activation using AREc32 cells that contain a luciferase gene under the control of ARE promoters. Of the 47,000 compounds screened, 238 (top 0.5% hits) of the chemicals increased the luminescent signal more than 14.4-fold and were re-tested at eleven concentrations in a range of 0.01–30 µM. Of these 238 compounds, 231 (96%) increased the luminescence signal in a concentration-dependent manner. Chemical structure relationship analysis of these 231 compounds indicated enrichment of four chemical scaffolds (diaryl amides and diaryl ureas, oxazoles and thiazoles, pyranones and thiapyranones, and pyridinones and pyridazinones). In addition, 30 of these 231 compounds were highly effective and/or potent in activating Nrf2, with a greater than 80-fold increase in luminescence, or an EC50 lower than 1.6 µM. These top 30 compounds were also screened in Hepa1c1c7 cells for an increase in Nqo1 mRNA, the prototypical Nrf2-target gene. Of these 30 compounds, 17 increased Nqo1 mRNA in a concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, the present study documents the development, implementation, and validation of a high-throughput screen to identify activators of the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway. Results from this screening identified Nrf2 activators, and provide novel insights into chemical scaffolds that might prevent oxidative/electrophilic stress-induced toxicity and carcinogenesis.
Co-Parenting Relationship Experiences of Black Adolescent Mothers in Active Romantic Partnerships With the Fathers of Their Children:

We conducted an interpretive description of co-parenting relationship experiences of romantically involved Black adolescent mothers and fathers with shared biological children. The study was conducted in Brooklyn, New York, using data from individual in-depth interviews with adolescent mothers and fathers (n = 10). Four themes were identified: (a) putting our heads together; (b) balancing childhood and parenthood; (c) less money, more problems; and (d) if we use condoms, it is for contraception. The co-parenting couples managed very complex relationships, but their mutual interest in the welfare of their children was a relational asset. Co-parents had sparse financial resources but used a moral economy strategy to provide mutual support. Future research is needed that focuses on identifying other co-parent relationship assets and integrating and evaluating their utility for enhancing interventions for adolescent families.
Modeling morphological changes in spinal motoneurons following spinal cord injury to explore changes in electrical behavior

Background Following a contusion injury to the spinal cord (SCI), motoneurons below the level of injury undergo significant morphological and behavioral changes. Compared with uninjured controls, SCI motoneurons have a larger soma, fewer and thicker primary dendrites, and less dendritic branching [1]. Behaviorally, SCI motoneurons are more excitable and exhibit altered rhythmic firing and reflex properties [2]. While neuronal morphology and neuronal excitability are linked, to date it is not clear to what extent the morphological changes in motoneurons following SCI are responsible for the altered electrical behavior.
Individual differences in temperament and behavioral management practices for nonhuman primates

Effective behavioral management plans are tailored to unique behavioral patterns of each individual species. However, even within a species behavioral needs of individuals can vary. Factors such as age, sex, and temperament can affect behavioral needs of individuals. While some of these factors, such as age and sex, are taken into account, other factors, such as an individual's temperament, are rarely specifically provided for in behavioral management plans. However, temperament may affect how animals respond to socialization, positive reinforcement training and other forms of enrichment. This review will examine how individual differences in temperament might affect, or be affected by, behavioral management practices for captive primates. Measuring temperament may help us predict outcome of social introductions. It can also predict which animals may be difficult to train using traditional methods. Further, knowledge of temperament may be able to help identify individuals at risk for development of behavioral problems. Taken together, understanding individual differences in temperament of captive primates can help guide behavioral management decisions.
Should Bank Liability Structure Influence Deposit Insurance Pricing

In this paper, I discuss the influence of the banking industry's liability structure on the FDIC's risk exposure, the relationship between this exposure and the assessment base, and various ways that the FDIC could incorporate the effects of bank liability structure into its price for deposit insurance. For most of the industry, I find that the FDIC's risk exposure increases when banks move from domestic deposits to other funding sources because decreases in assessment income associated with a smaller assessment base are not offset by reductions in the FDIC's exposure to loss. However, this may not be the case for banks that rely heavily on unsecured credits due to the benefits of market discipline. I outline three ways to incorporate bank liability structure into the FDIC's pricing policy for deposit insurance: 1) change the assessment base; 2) adjust the pricing matrix; and 3) price directly for risk. I conclude that no such changes should be made in isolation. In particular, issues related to bank size must also be addressed because any change associated with liability structure would effectively shift the assessment burden towards larger banks. The FDIC's historical loss experience indicates that, in terms of cost per dollar of expected FDIC losses, large banks already pay considerably more for deposit insurance than small banks. Even though certain characteristics of very large banks may justify higher prices, the size of the current price differential across bank size, combined with the correlation between asset size and liability structure, means that a simple adjustment to the FDIC's pricing policy for bank liability structure would be unwise. Instead, a holistic approach is warranted, considering numerous factors simultaneously.
Diversity of Archaea in Marine Sediments from Skan Bay, Alaska, Including Cultivated Methanogens, and Description of Methanogenium boonei sp. nov.

Methanogenesis in cold marine sediments is a globally important process leading to methane hydrate deposits, cold seeps, physical instability of sediment, and atmospheric methane emissions. We employed a multidisciplinary approach that combined culture-dependent and -independent analyses with geochemical measurements in the sediments of Skan Bay, Alaska (53°N, 167°W), to investigate methanogenesis there. Cultivation-independent analyses of the archaeal community revealed that uncultivated microbes of the kingdoms Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota are present at Skan Bay and that methanogens constituted a small proportion of the archaeal community. Methanogens were cultivated from depths of 0 to 60 cm in the sediments, and several strains related to the orders Methanomicrobiales and Methanosarcinales were isolated. Isolates were psychrotolerant marine-adapted strains and included an aceticlastic methanogen, strain AK-6, as well as three strains of CO2-reducing methanogens: AK-3, AK7, and AK-8. The phylogenetic positions and physiological characteristics of these strains are described. We propose a new species, Methanogenium boonei, with strain AK-7 as the type strain.
Somatostatin: central nervous system actions on glucoregulation.

Somatostatin (SRIF) has been tested for its actions on the central nervous system to affect glucoregulation. In doses ineffective when given systemically, SRIF and SRIF analogs given intracisternally (ic) reduce hyperglycemia and hyperglucagonemia after ic bombesin administration. The SRIF analog, des-AA11, 2, 4, 5, 12, 13-[D-Trp8]SRIF, decreases plasma insulin and elevates plasma glucose and glucagon when given systemically. However, when given ic, this peptide prevents the rise in glucose and glucagon after ic bombesin administration and is 10 times more potent than SRIF in reducing bombesin-induced hyperglycemia. Other analogs of SRIF and various unrelated peptides were found to be ineffective in reducing bombesininduced hyperglycemia. des-AA1, 2, 4, 5, 12, 13-[D-Trp8]SRIF prevented the hyperglycemia induced by surgical stress or by ic administration of β-endorphin or carbacol. des-AA1, 2, 4, 5, 12, 13-[D-Trp8]SRIF given ic did not prevent hyperglycemia induced by systemic administration of epinephrine...
Sources of nitrogen and phosphorus supporting the growth of bacteria and phytoplankton in an oligotrophic Canadian shield lake

We used a dilution gradient technique to determine the relative importance of N and P derived from the dissolved pool, storage, and recycling by planktonic consumers to the growth of bacteria and algae in an oligotrophic lake. Recycling was the dominant source of N for both algae and bacteria and the dominant source of P for bacteria. However, storage was an important source of P for algae early in the year, but P recycling was a dominant source for algae late in the year. Models of nutrient flux in the microbial and classic food webs must be combined in a manner consistent with the integrated nature of these fluxes.
Gene therapy for prostate cancer.

P cancer is the most commonly diagnosed neoplasm in men and the second leading cause of cancer mortality in the American male. Although significant progress has been made in our ability to detect and treat prostate cancer, 27% to 53% of men with clinically localized disease are not cured by current techniques, and another 19% have locally advanced disease at diagnosis.1 Clearly, other therapies are needed for men whose disease does not respond to primary curative attempts or who have advanced disease. The concept of gene therapy has for years now held promise as a potentially potent new weapon to attack cancer directly and by activating the immune system against it. Much exciting work has been and is being carried out toward the ultimate goal of bringing the promise of gene therapy to fruition for both patients and physicians. In this report, we review the state of the art of gene therapy and its application to prostate cancer.
Emotional eating and physical activity self-efficacy as pathways in the association between depressive symptoms and adiposity indicators

Background: There is increasing evidence that depressive symptoms and obesity are positively related, but the mechanisms that explain the association between them are unclear. Objective: We examined direct and indirect associations between depressive symptoms, emotional eating, physical activity (PA) selfefficacy (ie, an individual’s confidence in his or her ability to overcome barriers to maintain PA behaviors), and adiposity indicators. Design: Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized mediation model in Finnish men (n = 2312) and women (n = 2674) aged 25‐74 y from the National Cardiovascular Risk Factor Survey conducted in 2007. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies‐ Depression Scale, the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18, and a PA barriers self-efficacy scale were used. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and percentage body fat of participants were measured in a health examination. Results: Depressive symptoms and emotional eating had positive correlations and PA self-efficacy had negative correlations with BMI, WC, and percentage body fat. Elevated depressive symptoms were related to higher emotional eating (b = 0.38 for men and 0.31 for women) and lower PA self-efficacy (b = 20.41 for men and 20.31 for women), whereas emotional eating and PA self-efficacy were inversely correlated (r = 20.12 and 20.18, respectively). The positive bivariate associations between depressive symptoms and adiposity indicators became nonsignificant in models that included emotional eating and PA self-efficacy, and both of these factors significantly mediated the effects of depressive symptoms on adiposity indicators. Conclusions: Psychological factors related to both eating and PA may be relevant in explaining the positive relation between depressive symptoms and adiposity. Interventions that target obesity should take into account the effects of these factors on weight regulation. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;92:1031‐9.
Using micro-climate sensing to enhance RF localization in assisted living environments

In this paper, we propose micro-climate sensing as an effective means of enhancing conventional RF-based localization. Our system targets people-tracking applications in dynamic indoor environments, such as nursing homes, hospitals and office spaces that require simple deployment and where conventional RF-based tracking using signal strengths alone is very likely to suffer from time-varying signal attenuation and inevitable changes in the environment over time such as new furniture arrangements, people traffic, changing obstacle patterns etc. To help mitigate these effects, we use time-synchronized windows of sensor samples to dynamically associate a mobile node with its nearest beacon nodes. Comparisons and matches are always relative to the ambient attributes at the time of localization, and hence our technique automatically evolves with environmental changes. We consider this property of localization techniques to be a significant contribution and a necessary requirement for any long- lived localization system. In assisted-living environments, sensor networks likely already have basic sensors to collect contextual information about users and to monitor the environment. We propose using light, humidity, temperature and audio data samples over a short window of time to model the micro-climate of a beacon node. Using microclimate matching in conjunction with RF signal strength decreases the worst-case localization error significantly by a factor of more than 3 (from 25 m to 8 m) while making the system more resilient to environment changes. Microclimate data helps ensure at least room level location tracking even in buildings like hospitals with many rooms in close proximity.