cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aging of surfactant modified titanium gels

Titanium hydrogels prepared without and with different amounts of surfactant (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate) have been examined for their behavior during aging for more than 100 days (some for more than 200 days) at different temperatures. By means of XRD semi-quantitative analyses and SEM observations with high magnification (100 K), the effects of the surfactant on the crystalline structure and content, on the morphology and the size of the particles, and on the aggregation phenomena have been investigated. It was also found that aging somewhat decreases the adsorption capacity of the gels.
The redox properties of cytochromes b imposed by the membrane electrostatic environment

The effect of the dipole potential field of extended membrane spanning alpha-helices on the redox potentials of b cytochromes in energy transducing membranes has been calculated in the context of a three phase model for the membrane. In this model, the membrane contains three dielectric layers; (i) a 40-A hydrophobic membrane bilayer, with dielectric constant em=3–4, (ii) 10–20-A interfacial layers of intermediate polarity, ein=12–20, that consist of lipid polar head groups and peripheral protein segments, and (iii) an external infinite water medium, ew=80. The unusually positive midpoint potential, Em=+0.4 V, of the "high potential" cytochrome b-559 of oxygenic photosynthetic membranes, a previously enigmatic property of this cytochrome, can be explained by (i) the position of the heme in the positive dipole potential region near the NH2 termini of the two parallel helices that provide its histidine ligands, and (ii) the loss of solvation energy of the heme ion due to the low dielectric constant of its surroundings, leading to an estimate of +0.31 to +0.37 V for the cytochrome Em. The known tendency of this cytochrome to undergo a large -delta Em shift upon exposure of thylakoid membranes to proteases or damaging treatments is explained by disruption of the intermediate polarity (ein) surface dielectric layer and the resulting contact of the heme with the external water medium. Application of this model to the two hemes (bn and bp) of cytochrome b of the cytochrome bc1 complex, with the two hemes placed symmetrically in the low dielectric (em) membrane bilayer, results in Em values of hemes bn and bp that are, respectively, somewhat too negative (approximately -0.1 V), and much too positive (approximately +0.3 V), leading to a potential difference, Em(bp) - Em(bn), with the wrong sign and magnitude, +0.25 V instead of -0.10 to -0.15 V. The heme potentials can only be approximately reconciled with experiment, if it is assumed that the two hemes are in different dielectric environments, with that of heme bp being more polar.
Indirect Calorimetry in Critically Ill Patients: Role of the Clinical Dietitian in Interpreting Results

Evaluation and interpretation of energy needs of critically ill patients require the expertise of clinical dietitians: Dietitians must be knowledgeable about the methods available to quantify energy needs and able to communicate effectively with physicians and nurses regarding nutritional requirements. Several prediction equations are available for calculating energy needs of critically ill patients. Indirect calorimetry is also used frequently to measure energy requirements in this patient population. This article defines when energy expenditure measured by indirect calorimetry may provide clinically useful information. Data obtained by indirect calorimetry must be interpreted carefully. Indirect calorimetry is based on the equations for oxidation of carbohydrate, protein, and fat. Errors in interpretation can be made when metabolic pathways other than oxidation dominate or when clinical conditions exist that affect carbon dioxide excretion from the lungs. Before incorporating data obtained from indirect calorimetry into a nutrition care plan, the clinical dietitian should carefully evaluate the following factors for a patient: clinical conditions when the measurement was made, desired weight loss or gain, tolerance to food or nutrition support, relationship between protein intake and energy need, and need for anabolism or growth. This article provides clinical examples illustrating how measured values compare with calculated values and recommendations for how to incorporate measured values into nutrition care plans.
Morphology of actinide-rich particles released from the BOMARC accident and collected from soil post remediation

The physical, chemical, and radiological characteristics of material released to the environment from accidents involving nuclear weapon components are dependent upon many factors, especially the manner in which the material is released and delivered to the environment. These characteristics will also be influenced by physical and chemical effects associated with weathering if the material remains exposed to the environment for a long period of time. This study evaluates the morphological characteristics of particles released to the environment as a result of the 1960 BOMARC incident and compares these characteristics to those described following similar incidents at Thule, Greenland (1968) and Palomares, Spain (1966). Each of these incidents involved unique circumstances and conditions that distributed actinide-rich particles to the environment with a range of distinctive morphological characteristics. Morphological and surface elemental analyses were conducted on a set of discrete particles isolated from samples of post-remediated soil collected at McGuire Air Force Base, the site of the BOMARC incident. Scanning electron microscopy and complimentary energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to perform the analyses. Non-destructive analysis of uranium and plutonium contained in each particle was measured using high-resolution gamma spectrometry. Unique characteristics of the BOMARC samples include some particles exhibiting a smooth, crystalline texture and varying elemental surface distribution of uranium and plutonium, dependent on the particle’s morphology.
The starburst giant cell is useful for distinguishing lentigo maligna from photodamaged skin

Abstract Background: Because lentigo maligna (LM) occurs in areas of the body that are subjected to long-term UV radiation (UVR), it may be difficult to distinguish atypical melanocytes in LM from the pleomorphic, atypical melanocytes in actinically damaged skin. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the presence of multinucleated melanocytes would help to make this distinction. Methods: A total of 89 cases of LM were reviewed for the presence or absence of multinucleated melanocytes and, if present, the maximum number of nuclei was recorded. As controls, 107 elliptical excisions of basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma were randomly selected. The tips of the ellipses were reviewed for the presence or absence of multinucleated melanocytes. Results: Multinucleated melanocytes with a "starburst" appearance, because of their prominent dendritic processes, were present in 85% of LM cases but in only 21% of sun-damaged control specimens ( p p p p Conclusion: The SGC is a useful indicator for the diagnosis of LM. The diagnosis of LM is also more likely as the number of nuclei in SGC increases.
Multidimensional control of profile extrusion

Dimensional changes in complex profile extrusions are classified as overall size and local shape changes which can be related naturally and systematically to changes in operating conditions. The theoretical basis and supporting experimental data for simultaneous, independent control of certain classes of extrudate dimensions are presented for the following strategies: (1) size control by manipulating line speed relative to extruder output rate, (2) shape control by manipulating extrudate swell through adjustments in stock temperature, and (3) shape control by manipulating local die flow by adjusting the die temperature set point.
Analgesic-enhanced glycogen accumulation in renal collecting tubules of rabbits.

Abstract Rabbits were exposed to varying levels of a combination of the analgesics aspirin, phenacetin, and caffeine (APC) for periods of 6 hr to 1 month. Morphological and histochemical alterations in the renal medulla were observed. APC induced a marked, diffuse increase in glycogen content of collecting tubular cells in the papilla. With lower doses over a longer period of time, APC produced no increase in glycogen content, compared with the control animals.
SU‐E‐T‐295: Clinical Evaluations of a Novel Metal Artifact Reduction Technique for Helical CT Scans in Radiation Therapy

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of a commercial metal artifact reduction algorithm for helical CT scans and to investigate the CT number accuracy improvement on metal‐artifact reduced images and its clinical significance. Methods: 42 helical CT scans of patients with metal implants, 32 cases with small dental or spine filling, 7 with single hip implants, and 3 with bilateral hip prosthesis, were collected and evaluated. The original and corrected images were reviewed side by side from the aspects of overall image quality and visual conspicuity of the prostate (or vagina), bladder, and rectum in consensus for patient cases with hip implants, and visual conspicuity of pharyngeal part of tongue, lymphoma for patient cases with dental filling. The CT number accuracy was evaluated on 10 cases with hip implants by comparing the average CT number and variations within prostate (or vagina) regions on the original and artifact reduced images. Results: While residual artifacts are still presented on the corrected images, the metal artifacts were reduced dramatically on all 42 patient cases, especially for the cases with large hip prosthesis. Evaluation also indicates that, as expected, the geometry of anatomic structures was not affected by the algorithm.Quantitative calibration results using the electron density phantom with tantalum inserts indicates the considerably improvement of electron density distortions. Most importantly, the CT number variations of the prostate/vagina were reduced from 30% to 66.7%. The average CT numbers of those organs were closer to the expected CT number than that on the uncorrected images. Conclusions: The evaluations indicate that the commercial algorithm can dramatically reduce metal artifacts. The corrected images have already been used in our clinic to help with tumor/organ delineation and treatment planning. However, further work is needed to evaluate its full impact in treatment planning and dose computation accuracy.
Body Sensor Networks: A Holistic Approach From Silicon to Users

Body sensor networks (BSNs) are emerging cyber-physical systems that promise to improve quality of life through improved healthcare, augmented sensing and actuation for the disabled, independent living for the elderly, and reduced healthcare costs. However, the physical nature of BSNs introduces new challenges. The human body is a highly dynamic physical environment that creates constantly changing demands on sensing, actuation, and quality of service (QoS). Movement between indoor and outdoor environments and physical movements constantly change the wireless channel characteristics. These dynamic application contexts can also have a dramatic impact on data and resource prioritization. Thus, BSNs must simultaneously deal with rapid changes to both top-down application requirements and bottom-up resource availability. This is made all the more challenging by the wearable nature of BSN devices, which necessitates a vanishingly small size and, therefore, extremely limited hardware resources and power budget. Current research is being performed to develop new principles and techniques for adaptive operation in highly dynamic physical environments, using miniaturized, energy-constrained devices. This paper describes a holistic cross-layer approach that addresses all aspects of the system, from low-level hardware design to higher level communication and data fusion algorithms, to top-level applications.
Effect of optic nerve lesions and intraocular colchicine on cell proliferation in the germinal zone of the optic tectum and in the torus longitudinalis in the goldfish.

Abstract Postembryonic development of the optic tectum occurs in part through proliferation of cells in the germinal zone located at the caudal edges of each lobe. Autoradiography experiments by others have shown that [3H]thymidine labeling in the germinal zone is decreased following optic nerve crush or enucleation and restored above normal levels during optic nerve regeneration. The present autoradiography experiments examined the relationship between retinal innervation and the rate mitotic activity in the tectum germinal zone and in the torus longitudinalis. The fish received optic nerve crush to temporarily deafferent the tectum, enucleation for permanent deafferentiation, or an intraocular injection of 0.01–1.0 μg of colchicine to reversibly inhibit axonal transport in the optic nerve. Thymidine labeling in the tectum germinal zone showed that nerve crush resulted in decreased mitotic activity in most fish within 6 days followed by recovery by 21 days; enucleation decreased mitotic activity more uniformly and for more than 42 days with recovery by 84 days postaxotomy; colchicine produced a dose-dependent inhibition of mitotic activity which was reversed by 42 days postinjection. Axonal transport was restored by 42 days postinjection. In the torus longitudinalis, nerve crush produced a brief increase in mitotic activity followed by a return to a normal; enucleation and colchicine resulted in a lasting decrease in mitotic activity and atrophy indicating a loss of cells or neuropil. The data are consistent with the proposal that cell proliferation in the tectum germinal zone is stimulated by the accretion of fibers from developing retinal ganglion cells. Axonal transport of cellular materials in mature retinal fibers may also be involved. The results further suggest that the torus longitudinalis undergoes postembryonic development apace the optic tectum, and that its growth, like that of the tectum, is stimulated by the eye.
Prior absenteeism, supervisory style, job satisfaction, and personal characteristics : an investigation of some mediated and moderated linkages to work absenteeism

Abstract The present study answers calls for tests of prominent absence models. Previous studies of absenteeism have either examined only bivariate associations between antecedents and absenteeism or were concerned primarily with the relative contributions particular variables made to the prediction of absenteeism. The hypotheses of this study were drawn from the Steers and Rhodes (1978) process model of work attendance. Specifically, we investigated (1) if supervisory behaviors mediated the effects of prior absence on work attitudes; (2) if work attitudes mediated the effects of supervisory style on absenteeism; and (3) if family size and gender affected the satisfaction-absence relationship. The data, collected from chemical manufacturing workers and analyzed using both ordinary least squares and tobit regression models, indicated that (1) supervisory consideration accounted for a large part of the total association between prior absenteeism and job satisfaction; (2) while supervisory style affected job satisfaction, it was not significantly associated with subsequent absenteeism; and (3) as family size increased, satisfaction was less related to absence frequency. Gender had only a significant direct association with subsequent absenteeism. Thus, using tests of mediation, this study provides support for process models of work absenteeism.
Stenosis of Main Bronchi Mimicking Fixed Upper Airway Obstruction in Sarcoidosis

An unusual site and cause of disabling inspiratory and expiratory airflow limitation mimicking fixed upper airway obstruction is reported in two patients with sarcoidosis who had stenosis of almost the entire lengths of both main bronchi. The observed flows were consistent with a cross sectional airway diameter of 3 mm. The lumen of the trachea and proximal airways was not compromised.
Differences in female and male involvement in lethal violence in Russia

Relatively little is known of the distributions of homicide event characteristics in non-Western nations in which women relative to men are involved. This article utilizes unique homicide narratives drawn from Russian court and police records to compare homicide victim, offender, and event characteristics by sex of victim and separately by sex of offender. Results from logistic regression show that homicides in which a female was the victim or offender were more likely to occur between intimates and to occur in the home, whereas homicides involving males were more likely to occur in a public place, to be alcohol-related, to involve a firearm, and to involve a victim and offender who did not know each other well. These results not only present an important first glimpse at women as homicide victims and offenders in Russia specifically, but also provide a point of comparison with findings from similar analyses undertaken in the West, and present further initial observations upon which to construct a cohesive theory about female involvement in serious violent events.
Robust document image understanding technologies

No existing document image understanding technology, whether experimental or commercially available, can guarantee high accuracy across the full range of documents of interest to industrial and government agency users. Ideally, users should be able to search, access, examine, and navigate among document images as effectively as they can among encoded data files, using familiar interfaces and tools as fully as possible. We are investigating novel algorithms and software tools at the frontiers of document image analysis, information retrieval, text mining, and visualization that will assist in the full integration of such documents into collections of textual document images as well as "born digital" documents. Our approaches emphasize versatility first: that is, methods which work reliably across the broadest possible range of documents.
Snf1p Regulates Gcn5p Transcriptional Activity by Antagonizing Spt3p

The budding yeast Gcn5p is a prototypic histone acetyltransferase controlling transcription of diverse genes. Here we show that Gcn5p is itself regulated by Snf1p and Spt3p. Snf1p likely controls Gcn5p via direct interaction. Mutating four residues in the Gcn5p catalytic domain, T203, S204, T211, and Y212 (TSTY), phenocopies snf1 null cells, including Gcn5p hypophosphorylation, hypoacetylation at the HIS3 promoter, and transcriptional defects of the HIS3 gene. However, overexpressing Snf1p suppresses the above phenotypes associated with the phosphodeficient TSTY mutant, suggesting that it is the interaction with Snf1p important for Gcn5p to activate HIS3. A likely mechanism by which Snf1p potentiates Gcn5p function is to antagonize Spt3p, because the HIS3 expression defects caused by snf1 knockout, or by the TSTY gcn5 mutations, can be suppressed by deleting SPT3. In vitro, Spt3p binds Gcn5p, but the interaction is drastically enhanced by the TSTY mutations, indicating that a stabilized Spt3p–Gcn5p interaction may be an underlying cause for the aforementioned HIS3 transcriptional defects. These results suggest that Gcn5p is a target regulated by the competing actions of Snf1p and Spt3p.
Culture Shock: Hiding in Plain Sight—An Experiential Exercise

In Culture Shock, participants explore the potential influence of organizational culture and national culture differences on communication, interaction, and reaching agreement. The role play, with observers, involves two employees from different organizations involved in a strategic alliance who come together to plan an upcoming meeting. Their respective role information instructs them to behave and communicate in ways consistent with their own organization's culture, which also is affected by national culture. During debriefing discussions afterward participants explore the impact of cultural differences—as well as other kinds of differences—and how employees can more effectively work across organizational cultures and national cultures. Facilitators can suggest “cultural due diligence” as a way to increase the likelihood of successful interaction and discuss steps that could be taken if the role play interaction does not achieve its objectives.
The conspicuousness of colour cues in male pond damselflies depends on ambient light and visual system

The colours of male coenagrionid damselflies have been interpreted by some as intraspecific signals that reduce intrasexual harassment by advertising the unprofitability of pursuing conspecific males as potential mates. As visual cues, male colours should be conspicuous to other males under the specific light environments where males search for females. We tested this prediction by using spectroradiometry and two models of damselfly colour vision to determine the chromatic and achromatic contrast of males from six species of Enallagma damselflies with pond backgrounds under the ambient light conditions when each species was most active. The males of five species were active at the time when their colour was most conspicuous against aquatic vegetation. Three blue species were most active and attained their highest levels of contrast during midday, while species that became active in late afternoon or evening reflected longer wavelengths and increased in brightness contrast under low sun angles. A sixth species, Enallagma pictum, departed from this pattern. We propose that colour may serve as a signal of both sexual and species identity among males.
Cardio-embolic stroke following remote blunt chest trauma

A cardio-embolic stroke as a sequela of remote blunt chest trauma is a rare clinical presentation. Blunt chest trauma can cause various acute cardiac complications like arrhythmias, cardiac contusion etc. However, delayed consequences such as left ventricular thrombus resulting in thromboembolic phenomena are reported infrequently. A 30-year-old healthy man presented to an outside facility with transient neurological deficits. An MRI brain showed lesions suggestive of embolic etiology. A trans-thoracic echocardiogram (TTE) showed a 1.5 × 1.5 cm mass present in the left ventricular (LV) apex. Patient was transferred to our institution for cardiac surgery evaluation. On detailed questioning, he reported an incident of blunt chest trauma during a martial arts exhibition fight that took place 2 years back. Given this history, a cardiac catheterization was done, which showed 30% stenosis in mid-left anterior descending artery (LAD) without any other significant obstructive lesion. A trans-esophageal echocardiogram (TEE) showed akinesis of the LV apex and confirmed TTE finding of a mass, consistent with an apical thrombus. Surgery was deferred and patient was started on anticoagulation. A cardiac MRI done 2 weeks later showed evidence of apical infarction in the LAD territory. LAD is the most commonly affected coronary vessel by blunt traumatic injuries, likely due to its vulnerable anatomical position on the anterior aspect of the heart. A variety of mechanisms including intimal tear, rupture and spasm have been implicated in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction after blunt chest trauma.
Wetland macrophyte decomposition under different nutrient conditions : Relationships between decomposition rate, enzyme activities and microbial biomass

Abstract We used oligotrophic, P-limited herbaceous wetlands of northern Belize as a model system, on which to document and explain how changes in nutrient content along a salinity gradient affect activities of extracellular enzymes involved in macrophyte decomposition. To determine what is more important for decomposition, the initial litter quality, or site differences, we used reciprocal litter placement in a combined “site quality” and “litter quality” experiment running from August 2003 to April 2004. The experiment was set up in long-term control and nutrient addition plots (P, N, and NP) established in 2001 in 15 limestone-based inland marshes with a wide range of water conductivities (200–6000 μS) and a uniform pH (7.0–7.7) dominated by emergent macrophytes, Eleocharis spp. There were no differences among the plots in total sediment N and water NH 4 –N, but total and KCl-extractable sediment P and water PO 4 –P were significantly higher in P and NP plots throughout the duration of the experiment. The initial litter N content was slightly but significantly different between control and N plots versus P and NP plots (5.7 and 7.1 mg g −1 , respectively). The difference was much bigger for litter P content, 0.1 and 0.7 mg g −1 , respectively. Enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase, leucine-aminopeptidase, arylsulfatase, and β -glucosidase were measured fluorometrically in Eleocharis litter in both the litterbag experiment and the naturally decomposing material. Total phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) content in litter samples was used as a measure of microbial biomass present. Phosphatase always exhibited the highest activity of the enzymes studied, followed by leucine-aminopeptidase, arylsulfatase and β -glucosidase. There were no significant differences between enzyme activities from litterbags and the unconfined litter. Phosphatase activity was significantly suppressed in P-addition plots under all salinity levels while the activities of the remaining enzymes were significantly higher in P-enriched plots. There was a strong correlation between decomposition coefficient k -values and most of the enzymes as well as between the amount of PLFA and enzyme activities. PLFA, arylsulfatase, and litter C/P were the best predictors of k -values.
Application of Integral Methods to Ablation Charring Erosion, A Review

To predict ablation, charring, and erosion of heat-shield materials, approximate heat balance integral (HBI) methods offer speed and versatility; however, traditional HBI articles treat only simple, idealized models of material response. This paper reviews application of HBI methods to more realistic models of material response, specifically, for carbon-carbon and carbon-phenolic heat shields on reentry vehicles. The review shows that HBI successfully extends to most such simulations of ablation, charring, and erosion in hypersonic flow, but unexpected problems can crop up and trade-offs exist. Pertinent material models are also summarized, including efficient expressions that fit material thermal properties and carbon-air thermochemical ablation functions.
A fibrous banded structure in a crop lesion of the cockroach, Leucophaea maderae

Fibrous banded structures of uncertain significance were observed intracellularly in crop cells of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae Fabricius. They were seen exclusively in abnormal muscle cells after severance of the recurrent nerve. In sections, the structures were generally fusiform in shape and varied in length from 0.6 to 2.2 μ and in width (widest point) from 0.2 to 0.5 μ . They consisted of alternating light and dark bands with a major periodicity of 1200–1450 A; the light bands were usually two to four times thicker than the dark bands. The fibrous banded structures found in the cockroach were compared with structures of similar morphology and with roughly comparable periodicites which have been described from a variety of tissues by others. The possible collagenous nature of these fibers was discussed.
Reserpine-induced changes in the uptake and distribution of radiolabelled calcium and magnesium in the brain and pituitary gland of the rat.?

L'administration chronique de reserpine augmente l'incorporation de45Ca dans le cerveau et la glande pituitaire du rat.
Design and cloning of a synthetic gene for the flounder antifreeze protein and its expression in plant cells.

Abstract A synthetic gene coding for the winter flounder antifreeze protein (AFP) has been constructed. A new strategy for the synthesis has been employed such that one strand of the duplex was chemically synthesized and the other was produced enzymatically by chain extension. The chemically synthesized blocks were constructed so that the second strand was self-priming. The resulting DNA fragment was incorporated into the vector, pGCSI, which contained a translational fusion of the sequence encoding AFP and the N terminus of cat (encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, CAT), under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. This plasmid was introduced into protoplasts of corn (var. Black Mexican Sweet) by electroporation. Production of the fusion peptide was monitored by CAT assay and Western blotting with antisera to AFP and CAT.
Climate Vulnerability and Adaptive Strategies Along the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo Border of Mexico and the United States

: Climate change and growing populations are dual stresses that are particularly challenging to communities along the US/Mexican border where adaptive capacity is limited, infrastructure is lacking, and economic resources are scarce. Although regional precipitation projections vary significantly in both timing and amount, projections of temperature changes produce a more robust signal of raised temperatures. A summary look is provided that highlights the climatic changes that are projected, identifies key systems and sectors that are vulnerable to climate change, describes and summarizes the role of adaptation and the development of adaptation strategies. A promising look at binational co-adaptation is highlighted and illustrates the potential for building regional adaptive capacity.
Creating vortex retarders using photo-aligned liquid crystal polymers

We present developments using photo-aligned liquid crystal polymers for creating vortex retarders. Polarization properties of devices with different modes and theoretical and experimental point spread functions in Mueller matrix format for these components are presented.
Teaching Ethics in Marketing Research: An Experiential Approach

This study shows how an experiential exercise can be used to better introduce students to ethical issues in marketing research or other technique-based courses whose structure does not lend itself well to a discussion of ethics. Students who participated in an experiential exercise in marketing research ethics tended to (1) show more substantial changes in attitudes toward ethics and (2) demonstrate a more realistic understanding of the complexity involved in resolving ethical issues than did students not able to participate in such an exercise.
A Practical Tool for Visualizing and Data Mining Medical Time Series

The increasing interest in time series data mining has had surprisingly little impact on real world medical applications. Practitioners who work with time series on a daily basis rarely take advantage of the wealth of tools that the data mining community has made available. In this work, we attempt to address this problem by introducing a parameter-light tool that allows users to efficiently navigate through large collections of time series. Our approach extracts features from a time series of arbitrary length and uses information about the relative frequency of these features to color a bitmap in a principled way. By visualizing the similarities and differences within a collection of bitmaps, a user can quickly discover clusters, anomalies, and other regularities within the data collection. We demonstrate the utility of our approach with a set of comprehensive experiments on real datasets from a variety of medical domains
Systematic government access to private-sector data in China

† In accordance with facilitating Chinese e-government construction, many laws made for the purpose of state security, public security, censorship, and taxation have granted the Chinese government extensive power of access to privatesector data generated in such businesses as information, finance, trade, travel, entertainment, and so on operated in China. † There is no law or practice related to governmental systematic access currently found in China probably because of its near-zero adoption of cloud services. However, this kind of systematic data access will certainly be found in future enforcement and ensuing legislation once the Chinese government realizes it is necessary within the evolution of e-government strategy. † Establishment of a special cloud zone would offer international cloud services and users a set of new rules with possibly the least governmental access to data harboured in that zone.
K+ pore structure revealed by reporter cysteines at inner and outer surfaces

The structure of the carboxyl half of the pore-forming region of Kv2.1 was studied by replacing each of 15 consecutive residues between positions 383 and 369 with a reporter cysteine residue. Extracellular application of charged, membrane-impermeant methanethiosulfonates irreversibly modified currents at four cysteine-substituted positions, K382, Y380, I379, and D378. Intracellular exposure to methanethiosulfonate ethyltrimethylammonium revealed another set of reactive mutants (V374, T373, T372, and T370). Our results indicate that positions 378 and 374 are exposed at outer and inner mouths of the channel, respectively, and immersed in the aqueous phase. In contrast to present topological models, the 383-369 region appears to span the pore mainly as a nonperiodic structure.
Protein Intake, Weight Loss, and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women

Results. Study 1: With weight loss (normal protein −11.2%, higher protein −10.1%), bone mineral density was not significantly changed in normal protein (−0.003 ± 0.003 g/cm 2 , −0.3%) but decreased in higher protein (−0.0167 ± 0.004 g/cm 2 , −1. 4%, group-by-time p < .05). Study 2: t he control, nonmeat, chicken, and beef groups lost 1.5%, 7.7%, 10.4%, and 8.1% weight and 0.0%, 0.4%, 1.1%, and 1.4% bone mineral density, respectively. t he change of bone mineral density was significant for chicken and beef compared with the control (group-by-time, p < .05). Markers of calcium metabolism and bone homeostasis in blood and urine were not changed over time or differentially affected by diet.
Identifying the educational needs of parents at the completion of their child's cancer therapy.

For parents of children with cancer, the experience of completing treatment can be a time of celebration and hope as well as anxiety and fear. Previous research has identified the time immediately following completion of therapy as one of the most difficult and anxiety producing periods in parents’ trajectory of cancer treatment. A gap in knowledge exists to guide nursing practice regarding parents’ educational needs. The purpose of this study was to (a) determine the educational needs of parents as their children completed cancer treatment and (b) assess the feasibility of measuring parental educational needs, anxiety, and family management styles as treatment ends. The results support previous findings that parents are anxious at the end of therapy. Fear of relapse was their primary concern. Although parents desire education at the end of therapy, attention to parental readiness to learn and the individual needs of the patient and family must be considered. In the feasibility portion of this study, pare...
Use of incident reports by physicians and nurses to document medical errors in pediatric patients.

Objectives. To describe the proportion and types of medical errors that are stated to be reported via incident report systems by physicians and nurses who care for pediatric patients and to determine attitudes about potential interventions for increasing error reports. Methods. A survey on use of incident reports to document medical errors was sent to a random sample of 200 physicians and nurses at a large children9s hospital. Items on the survey included proportion of medical errors that were reported, reasons for underreporting medical errors, and attitudes about potential interventions for increasing error reports. In addition, the survey contained scenarios about hypothetical medical errors; the physicians and nurses were asked how likely they were to report each of the events described. Differences in use of incident reports for documenting medical errors between nurses and physicians were assessed with χ2 tests. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between health care profession type and likelihood of reporting medical errors. Results. A total of 140 surveys were returned, including 74 from physicians and 66 by nurses. Overall, 34.8% of respondents indicated that they had reported Conclusions. Medical errors in pediatric patients are significantly underreported in incident report systems, particularly by physicians. Some types of errors are less likely to be reported than others. Information in incident reports is not a representative sample of errors committed in a children9s hospital. Specific changes in the incident report system could lead to more reporting by physicians and nurses who care for pediatric patients.
7.6.1 Systems are Imaginary—Systems are Not Real: Some Thoughts on the Nature of Systems Thinking

Systems are not as real as we think they are. It is indeed true that engineers design things that when placed into service are very real. But these things are merely constituents of perhaps many different systems. Which systems these engineered things belong to is really up to our imagination to make such assignments. The assignments of these things to systems is what is involved in “systems thinking.” We make assignments of things to systems before these things exist in order to examine their contribution to the system's intended “purpose.” We can even make assignments of things to (different) systems to examine how they are currently behaving (or perhaps misbehaving). This paper will explore what it means to employ systems thinking to imagine various system structures and to examine these structures for their suitability in different situations to address perceived problems.
Images, Imagination, and Movement: Pictorial Representations and Their Development in the Work of James Gibson

For more than 30 years James Gibson studied pictures and he studied motion, particularly the relationship between movement through an environment and its visual consequences. For the latter, he also struggled with how best to present his ideas to students and fellow researchers, and employed various representations and formats. This article explores the relationships between the concepts of the fidelity of pictures (an idea he first promoted and later eschewed) and evocativeness as applied to his images. Gibson ended his struggle with an image of a bird flying over a plane surrounded by a spherical representation of a vector field, an image high in evocativeness but less than completely faithful to optical flow.
Robustness of speckle-imaging techniques applied to horizontal imaging scenarios

Image reconstruction methods employed in horizontal imaging scenarios must provide the best possible reconstructions over a broad range of conditions. In addition to variations in turbulence conditions, these systems must perform when operated by novice users who may lack knowledge regarding the underlying reconstruction algorithms. Systems that maintain their performance under these conditions and are otherwise immune to factors that cause variability in performance are considered to be robust. We evaluate the effect of varying design parameters, such as the number of input frames, inverse filter parameters, and number of phase estimates parametrically. We find that, for most conditions, it is possible to achieve performance near the limit available from these estimators using as few as 15 input frames, the average of 4 estimates of the object phase, and with only approximate knowledge of the imaging conditions. When operated under these conditions, speckle-imagers can be considered robust. In addition to this analysis, the bispectrum and Knox-Thompson methods were compared as alternative phase estimation techniques. We find that the Knox-Thompson phase estimation method is preferred in situations where minimum computation complexity is desired.
Lighting appraisal, well-being and performance in open-plan offices: A linked mechanisms approach:

In two experiments in a simulated office space, temporary office personnel worked under one of six lighting conditions for a day. A previous paper reported the results of statistical tests for lighting conditions effects on perceptions, feelings and task performance. This paper reports mediated regression analyses testing the linked mechanisms by which lighting conditions affect health, well-being and task performance. Combined results from the two statistical approaches show that people who perceived their office lighting as being of higher quality rated the space as more attractive, reported more pleasant mood, and showed greater well-being at the end of the day. Direct—indirect lighting and personal control were favoured. Lighting conditions that improved visibility also improved task performance.
Evaluation of the State of Passive UHF RFID: An Experimental Approach

In this paper, we identify the state of the technical capability of passive UHF RFID tags and readers using a simple, empirical, experimental approach. This paper does not focus on theoretical capabilities of RFID systems in ideal environments, but rather a pragmatic evaluation of the state of commercially available ISO 18000-6c systems and identifying areas where there are opportunities for improvements in the technology. We examine the free-space read distance of tags by readers, near-metal read distance, near-water read distance, frequency-dependence of read distance in those environments, near-field read distance in those environments, read speeds, and a determination of forward or reverse channel limits.
Anisotropic Triebel-Lizorkin Spaces with Doubling Measures

We introduce and study anisotropic Triebel-Lizorkin spaces associated with general expan- sive dilations and doubling measures on R n with the use of wavelet transforms. This work generalizes the isotropic methods of dyadic ϕ-transforms of Frazier and Jawerth to nonisotropic settings. We extend results involving boundedness of wavelet transforms, almost diagonality, smooth atomic and molecular decompositions to the setting of doubling measures. We also develop localization techniques in the endpoint case of p =∞ , where the usual definition of Triebel-Lizorkin spaces is replaced by its localized version. Finally, we establish nonsmooth atomic decompositions in the range of 0 <p ≤ 1, which is analogous to the usual Hardy space atomic decompositions.
Dropping a particle out of a roller coaster

A rider in a roller coaster lets go of a particle such as a small marble. How far does the marble travel horizontally from the point of release before hitting the ground, assuming the speed of the roller coaster is determined by conservation of mechanical energy starting from the highest hill up which it was pulled? Where should the marble be released along the track if one wishes to maximize the range of the marble? These questions constitute interesting variations on conventional problems in two-dimensional kinematics, appropriate for an undergraduate course in classical mechanics. Exploration of various shapes of tracks could form interesting student projects for numerical or experimental investigation.
A Model For Technology Adoption In China: Extending Caselli And Coleman

Focusing on China, a country pushing toward a more market-oriented system at warped speed, we suggest that previous models of technology adoption and/or diffusion may not be suitable for countries migrating from centralized control. We support the work of Au and Yeung (2007), who suggest that China may suffer from a risk avoidance attitude at the firm level based on previous attitudes of control. Relying on the literature and supported by an in-depth analysis of the Chinese machine tool industry we extend the work of Caselli and Coleman (2001, 2002) and advance an expanded model of technology adoption specific to emerging markets, such as China, experiencing a transformation from centrally controlled economy toward a market one.
Marx in Miami: Reflections on Teaching and the Confrontation with Ideology

In composing this piece we hope to detail some of our strategies and pedagogical experiences teaching Marx and Marxism in Miami, Florida. Although Miami is certainly a special case regarding the intensity and character of ideological fervor against Leftist political and social theory, we believe the lessons adapted to this specific environment can be generalized for instructors regardless of geography. Teaching Marx in the United States often poses unique challenges. In Miami, those obstacles feel frequently amplified.
Mechanical packaging, power, and cooling design for the IBM z13

The system-level packaging of the IBM z13™ supports the implementation of a new drawer-based Central Processor Complex (CPC). Departing from previous IBM z Systems™ designs, the introduction of distributed land-grid-array (LGA) attached single-chip modules (SCMs) required new mechanical, power, and cooling designs to address specified performance requirements and to provide enhanced reliability, availability, and serviceability (RAS) attributes. Building upon the designs created for the IBM zEnterprise® BC12 (zBC12), new CPC drawer and frame mechanical designs were created to significantly increase overall packaging density. Similar to its predecessor, the IBM zEnterprise EC12 (zEC12), the z13 utilizes water-cooling of the processors, but in contrast to the single input and return flow used to cool the multi-chip module (MCM) in the zEC12, the z13 accomplishes its processor cooling using a flexible hose internal manifold design that provides parallel input and return fluid flow to each SCM. The use of flexible hose also enabled SCM field replacement, new to high-end IBM z Systems. A new internal cooling loop unit and an updated external (building-chilled) modular water-conditioning unit were designed utilizing customized water delivery manifold systems to feed the common CPC drawer design. Revised power delivery and service control structures were also created to address the distributed nature of the z13 system design.
Effect of Intensive Acyclovir Therapy during Artificial Reactivation of Latent Herpes Simplex Virus

The chemotherapeutic effect of intensive acyclovir (ACV) treatment was evaluated in New Zealand white rabbits with confirmed latent herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Acyclovir was administered orally (1 mg/ml of drinking water), topically (three times per day), and intramuscularly (16.5 mg/kg body wt twice per day) beginning 36 days after ocular inoculation and continued for 4 consecutive weeks, during which time the rabbits underwent concurrent stimulation by bilateral iontophoresis of 0.01% epinephrine into the cornea to induce reactivation of latent virus. None of the eight rabbits receiving intensive ACV shed virus in their tear film sample during 4 weeks of concurrent epinephrine iontophoresis and antiviral therapy. All five rabbits receiving placebo treatment shed HSV in tear film samples. The total number of positive ocular samples was 14 during the first week of dual treatment (5/5 animals positive) and decreased to 2 positive samples (2/5 animals) during the fourth week of dual treatment. Upon sacrifice, HSV was isolated from 8 of 16 trigeminal ganglia of ACV-treated animals and 6 of 10 placebo-treated animals. No increased resistance to ACV was detectable in any of the virus isolated from trigeminal ganglia. Antibody and cellular immune responses were not significantly different between the ACV-treated and placebo-treated groups.