cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
[2-3H]ATP synthesis and 3H NMR spectroscopy of enzyme-nucleotide complexes: ADP and ADP.Vi bound to myosin subfragment 1.

The synthesis of [2-3H]ATP with specific activity high enough to use for 3H NMR spectroscopy at micromolar concentrations was accomplished by tritiodehalogenation of 2-Br-ATP. ATP with greater than 80% substitution at the 2-position and negligible tritium levels at other positions had a single 3H NMR peak at 8.20 ppm in 1D spectra obtained at 533 MHz. This result enables the application of tritium NMR spectroscopy to ATP utilizing enzymes.
Patient Perspectives on the Benefits of Psychotherapy for Late-Life Depression

Objectives The future of psychotherapy research lies in the development of easy-to-use, efficient treatments that target specific characteristics and needs of patients with a given disorder. Meeting this aim will involve understanding why people seek psychotherapy and the therapeutic features that they feel are most helpful in their recovery. Identifying key features of treatment that patients feel lead to improvement may help identify the active ingredients of psychotherapy and further refine treatment. Design We selected 22 older adults who participated in a larger randomized trial of psychotherapy for late-life depression to participate in individual, semistructured qualitative interviews. Setting Interviews took place at the University of California, San Francisco or in the participant's home. Participants All participants were age 60 years or older with major depression and co-occurring executive dysfunction. Measurements Participants were asked about their depression experience, their expectations for treatment, most and least helpful aspects of treatment, effects of treatment, and recommended improvements to treatment. Data were transcribed, coded, and analyzed using NVivo (QSR International, Cambridge, MA). Results The most commonly noted causes for seeking treatment were depression related to interpersonal relationships, health conditions, grief/loss, finances, housing, and challenges due to executive dysfunction. Participants had few expectations about treatment and they found support, the problem-solving therapy process, and focus on interpersonal relationships to be the most helpful processes in treatment. Conclusion Suggestions for psychotherapy include increasing the number of sessions, discussing problems in a more proactive way, and considering participant choice in treatment. This research demonstrates the value of mixed-methods approaches, in that qualitative approaches assist in contextualizing and interpreting quantitative data.
Longevity of mice influenced by maternal age.

Six independent descents have been continued from a common ancestry of an F1 generation obtained by a cross between C57/St females to a polydactylous male of the Brpb/St subline. Selection was based upon the age of the mother, at which time she had her young, as well as the presence of polydactyly. These sublines in sequence are: <100, 101–200, 201–300, 301–400, 400–500, and 501–600 maternal age groups. To date, 870 females and 790 male mice of these descents have died free of the presence of spontaneous neoplasias. The mean ages of death for female mice of the different groups in sequence were 607·3 ± 9·0 days; 620·7 ± 11·8 days; 672·8 ± 10·2 days; 649·9 ± 11·2 days; 653·3 ± 12·8 days and 666·6 ± 29·3 days. The mean ages of death for male mice of the different groups in sequence were 714·2 ± 9·1 days; 633·1 ± 13·3 days; 691·8 ± 15·1 days; 669·9 ± 10·9 days; and 701·1 ± 14·1 days. Data on male mice for the 501–600 class are too small for present analysis. At present, not all comparisons between maternal age differences are statistically significant, although the apparent trend indicates that differences between the maternal age descents may exist. Comparisons of the longevity of males and females in the maternal age descents were also made. This comparison showed sex differences apply more significantly to the extreme maternal age classes. The intermediate maternal age descents do not show a significant sex difference for longevity. Thus, the six independent descents may be breaking up into separate populations, in spite of having had a common origin. Apparently this “segregation” has not been random but rather associated with maternal age. The relative role of the influence of maternal age and of genetic factors will be discussed.
Bayesian model selection for incomplete data using the posterior predictive distribution.

Summary We explore the use of a posterior predictive loss criterion for model selection for incomplete longitudinal data. We begin by identifying a property that most model selection criteria for incomplete data should consider. We then show that a straightforward extension of the Gelfand and Ghosh (1998, Biometrika, 85, 1–11) criterion to incomplete data has two problems. First, it introduces an extra term (in addition to the goodness of fit and penalty terms) that compromises the criterion. Second, it does not satisfy the aforementioned property. We propose an alternative and explore its properties via simulations and on a real dataset and compare it to the deviance information criterion (DIC). In general, the DIC outperforms the posterior predictive criterion, but the latter criterion appears to work well overall and is very easy to compute unlike the DIC in certain classes of models for missing data.
Generalized variable method inference for the location parameter of the general half-normal distribution

This paper considers the development of inferential techniques based on the generalized variable method (GV-Method) for the location parameter of the general half-normal distribution. We are interested in hypothesis testing of, and interval estimation for, the location parameter. Body fat data, urinary excretion rate data, and simulated data are used to illustrate the application and to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed GV-Method over the large-sample method and the Bayesian method.
A Reactive Flow Model with Coupled Reaction Kinetics for Detonation and Combustion in Non-Ideal Explosives

A new reactive flow model for highly non-ideal explosives and propellants is presented. These compostions, which contain large amounts of metal, upon explosion have reaction kinetics that are characteristic of both fast detonation and slow metal combustion chemistry. A reaction model for these systems was incorporated into the two-dimensional, finite element, Lagrangian hydrodynamic code, DYNA2D. A description of how to determine the model parameters is given.
Experimental and Computational Determination of the Effect of the Cyano Group on Carbon Acidity in Water

Rate constants kDO (M-1 s-1) for the deprotonation of cyanoalkanes by deuterioxide ion in D2O at 25 °C were determined by following the appearance of the deuterium-labeled cyanoalkanes by 1H NMR. These data were evaluated to give the following pKa's in water: CH3CN, 28.9; CH3CH2CN, 30.9; NCCH2CH2CN, 26.6. High level ab initio calculations on cyanoalkanes and α-cyano carbanions and combined QM/Monte Carlo calculations of their free energies of solvation were carried out. The interaction between a carbanionic center and an α-cyano substituent is concluded to be largely polar. The 5.1-fold difference in α-cyano and β-cyano substituent effects on carbon acidity in water which, nominally, is consistent with significant resonance stabilization of α-cyano carbanions is attributed to the differential solvation of cyanoalkanes and cyanocarbanions. The free energy change for the highly unfavorable tautomerization of acetonitrile to ketenimine in water was computed as ΔGT = 30.7 kcal/mol. We propose that the large ...
УПРАВЛіННЯ ТЕПЛОПОСТАЧАННЯМ БУДіВЛі НА ОСНОВі ВИКОРИСТАННЯ іНДИВіДУАЛЬНОГО ТЕПЛОВОГО ПУНКТУ ОРИГіНАЛЬНОї КОНСТРУКЦії

The literature states that the transition from central heat points to individual heat points with the installation of appropriate automation allows to achieve a heat energy saving of more than 20%, but reliable experimental data, substantiating this position are not found today. Therefore, long-term experimental studies of heat supply of administrative building based on the individual heat point of original design to determine the real heat energy saving in actual practice taking into account environmental factors were conducted. Based on the experimental data, graphical dependencies of consumption of the heat carrier, heat energy and heat carrier temperature on the ambient temperature for two operation modes of the individual heat point with the calculated heat energy saving were constructed. The effectiveness of introducing the individual heat point was also determined. As a result of experimental studies, it was found that the higher the ambient temperature, the more unreasonable heat energy consumption with centralized unregulated heat supply, especially at the beginning and end of the heating season. Therefore, introducing individual heat points is one way to increase energy efficiency during new construction and modernization of existing buildings, which enhances the heat supply quality and efficiency thus providing consumers with comfort. Long-term experimental studies of heat supply of administrative building based on the individual heat point have shown the possibility of heat energy saving of up to 15%. The experimental data are important for providing recommendations on mass introduction of individual heat points of different capacities for housing and communal services.
Reliability of scale-free complex networks

Scale-free networks, as one major class of complex networks, are characterized by a specific structural feature of power-law degree distributions. Examples of scale-free real-world networks include World Wide Web (WWW), email networks, citation and co-author scientific networks, social networks (Facebook, Twitter), networks of Internet routers, and protein-protein interaction networks. In this paper we model and evaluate the reliability of scale-free complex networks using a binary decision diagram (BDD)-based method. Two-terminal reliability is considered, which is defined as the probability that a specified pair of nodes can communication through at least one fault-tree path in the network. This reliability metric can measure, for example, how reliable the information can be shared between two parties or in general how reliable the information can be disseminated within a social network. The Barabasi-Albert model is used for generating the sample scale-free networks studied in this paper. The reliability performance of scale-free networks is compared to that of random networks under the Erdos-Renyi model. Degree distributions and clustering coefficients (average fraction of pairs of neighbors of a node which are also neighbors of each other) of sample scale-free and random networks are illustrated and compared. Their effects on the performance of the BDD-based method for the reliability analysis of both scale-free and random networks are also discussed.
An Innovative Program to Provide Adequate Women's Health Education to Residents with VA-Based Ambulatory Care Experiences

Background: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires internal medicine residents to spend 25% continuity clinic time seeing patients of each gender. This requirement is a challenge for programs that use a Veterans Administration Hospital (VA) as the sole site for residents' continuity clinic, because of its predominately a male patient population. Purpose: To ensure VA- clinic-based residents meet the ACGME requirement regarding gender care and receive adequate training in women's-health issues and to assess and evaluate a novel program designed to fulfill these needs Methods: We developed a program that allows VA-based residents to spend 75% continuity practice time in VA clinic and 25% in a university-based clinic. We surveyed program participants annually regarding their experiences and in post graduate years (PGY) 1 and 3 assessed all residents' knowledge of women's health (WH). Results: Thirty-five residents were paired with faculty preceptors over 3 years. In annual...
Malignant lymphomas of follicular center cell origin in humans. V. incidence, clinical features, and prognostic implications of transformation of small cleaved cell nodular lymphoma

Seventy-five cases of small cleaved cell nodular lymphoma (SCC-N) were reviewed. Thirty-four cases underwent repeat biopsy a median of 54 months after diagnosis (range, 7-116 months) because of progressive or recurrent disease. Histologic conversion to a transformed (noncleaved) cell lymphoma was found at re-biopsy in 13 of 34 cases (38%). Neither age, gender, stage, visceral sites of disease, nor symptoms at presentation were predictive of subsequent conversion. Similarly, none of the clinical features analyzed at the time of rebiopsy were predictive of whether the rebiopsy would show stable histology or transformation. Documentation of transformation was of significant prognostic value. Although rebiopsies were performed at the time of progressive disease, survival following re-biopsy was 37.5 months for patients found to have cleaved cell lymphoma at re-biopsy, and only 2.5 months for those with transformed cell lymphoma at re-biopsy. Two of the cases which had immunoglobulin surface markers studied at diagnosis and at transformation, showed retention of heavy and light chain markers. This implies that the change in appearance involves the original neoplastic clone and was not due to a second neoplasm. Development of transformed cell lymphoma is one of the most common features of the aggressive phase of indolent lymphoma. Repeat biopsy in all patients with indolent lymphoma who have relapsing or progressive disease is recommended.
Processing and annealing conditions on the dielectric properties of (Ta2O5)0.92(TiO2)0.08 ceramics

Abstract Dielectric properties of (Ta2O5)0.92(TiO2)0.08 polycrystalline ceramics prepared under different processing and annealing conditions are investigated at 1 MHz between −100 and 100 °C. The dielectric permittivity can be significantly enhanced (up to ∼80%) by increasing calcination time and sintering temperature. Annealing at higher temperature in air or in oxygen caused a moderate enhancement of the dielectric permittivity with only slight influence on dielectric loss. Microstructure of (Ta2O5)0.92(TiO2)0.08 ceramics was studied and reported in this paper; along with the discussions on its relation with processing conditions and resulted dielectric properties.
An Active Control of the Thin-Walled Mechanical Systems

This article deals with the influence of optimal actuator and sensor placement on the active control of thin-walled mechanical systems. The approach used for optimal actuator and sensor placement is based on the evaluation norms and. The optimal actuator and sensor placement satisfied the requirements on the controllability, observability and spillover prevention. The investigation of the optimal placement of actuators and sensors is demonstrated on the active vibration of the thin-walled two dimensional mechanical systems.
Strand orientation by steric matching: a designed antiparallel coiled-coil trimer.

The design of an antiparallel coiled-coil 1:1:1 heterotrimer is described. Control of strand orientation results from proper alignment of sterically matched hydrophobic core side chains. Matched core layers position one cyclohexylalanine side chain against two alanine ones. Substitution of three consecutive heptad a positions with all permutations of two alanines and one cyclohexylalanine (AAX, AXA, AAX, where A = alanine, X = cyclohexylalanine) affords a parallel 1:1:1 heterotrimer, as previously reported. Here, we report that moving the substitution sites in one strand to d rather than a positions affords a new peptide that can form an antiparallel complex with the other original components. The new assembly is characterized by circular dichroism spectroscopy ([θ]222 = −30 317 deg cm2 dmol-1, Tm = 77 °C, ΔGunf = 17.1 kcal/mol), and its stoichiometry and aggregation number are confirmed by nickel tag affinity analysis and analytical ultracentrifugation. Disulfide exchange data support the preference for ...
Induction of tyrosine aminotransferase by triamcinolone during rat liver development in vitro.

Abstract Embryonic rat liver 12–21 days old exhibits low but significant tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) activity. In organ culture for 24 hr in a nutrient medium, there is an increase in TAT levels. Addition of glucocorticoids increases TAT levels at all embryonic ages. The magnitude of the produced TAT level increases with developmental age. Glucagon also increases embryonic liver TAT, but insulin and growth hormone (somatotropin) had little effect.
Temperature Activation of the Urease-Urea System

THE activity of several enzymes (for examples yeast and malt invertase1, and E. coli dehydrogenases2) has been shown to increase exponentially with temperature according to the Arrhenius equation, where K is the rate, Z is a constant, e is 2.718, R is the gas constant, T the absolute temperature, and μ the energy of activation of the reaction in calories per gm. mol.
Inhibitory processes in young and older adults in a picture-word task

Abstract The present study examines changes in healthy young and healthy older adults in the ability to inhibit partially activated information in a picture/word interference paradigm. On each trial, subjects received a cue (i.e., the word PICTURE or WORD) indicating which of two stimuli the subject should attend to in an upcoming picture/word display. the display always contained a superimposed picture and word (e.g., a picture of a DEER with the word TEA printed on it). Following display offset, and depending upon the initial precue, either a test picture (e.g., KETTLE) or a test word (e.g., MOOSE) was presented. the subject's task was to determine as quickly and as accurately as possible whether the test stimulus was related to the cued dimension of the earlier picture/word display. the speed to reject an unrelated test item (e.g., picture of a KETTLE when the precue was PICTURE) that was related to the ignored dimension of the picture/word display (e.g., the word TEA in the picture/word display) was u...
The value of the second income to two-earner families with children

An increasing number and percentage of families in the United States endeavor to improve family income by placing two adults in the paid work force. This study examines the impact of the second earner on family income for 1,624 married-couple families with children, including 871 one-earner and 753 two-earner families. After-tax income is regressed on one- or two-earner status as well as covariates which confound the income-earner relationship for families of various income levels. The actual after-tax income differential of $7,172 is reduced to $6,076 in the regression analysis. Further, income for each family type is estimated by applying the regression coefficients from one-earner households to the characteristics of two-earner households and the regression coefficients from two-earner households to one-earner household characteristics. Actual incomes for two-earner families are found to be higher than those of one-earner families. However, income differences are reduced from 34% higher actual before-tax income to an estimated 14% lower after-tax income. The findings have important implications for families selecting two earners solely for the purpose of increasing after-tax income.
Photorefractive Properties Of Undoped, Cerium-Doped, And Iron-Doped Single-Crystal SrO.6BaO.4Nb2O6

We present the results of our theoretical and experimental studies of the photorefractive effect in single-crystal SBN:60, SBN:Ce, and SBN:Fe. The two-beam coupling coefficients, response times, and absorption coefficients of these materials are given.
A factor analysis of Ellis' irrational beliefs

In an effort to identify, organize, and operationally define the philosophies that underlie Albert Ellis' self-defeating beliefs, the authors factored an 11-item irrational-values self-report instrument given to 190 psychiatric patients. Four factors emerged and were named to reflect the contents of their items--"I need to control a dangerous world," "Self-assertion is painful," "I need affirmation," and "I lack control over my fate."
Happiness and thrift: When (spending) less is (hedonically) more

Abstract The authors respond to Dunn, Gilbert, and Wilson (2011) and offer additional ideas about how to apply the virtue of thrift to obtain greater affective benefit from spending less. Materialism and over-consumption is damaging for the individual, the economy, and the environment. Over consumption is understandable in light of hedonic adaptation, where the happiness arising from a positive change erodes via two key pathways: diminishing positive emotions and rising aspirations. In the U.S., hedonic adaptation encourages overspending and indebtedness. The practice of thrift is the wise and efficient use of resources, and there are many thrifty proponents and adherents throughout history --including Socrates, King Solomon, Confucius, Benjamin Franklin, and today, Warren Buffett. Studies suggest that individuals would spend less and derive more hedonic benefit by eliminating distressing debts, stretching positive experiences through appreciation and savoring, recycling positive experiences via variety and reminiscing, renting instead of buying, and resolutely focusing on intrinsic goals over extrinsic ones. With a strong financial foundation and the skills to make the most of positive changes, more Americans would be able to thrive financially and emotionally in challenging economic times, while contributing less to the perilous circumstances that led to these challenging times in the first place.
A light-independent allele of phytochrome B faithfully recapitulates photomorphogenic transcriptional networks.

ABSTRACT Dominant gain-of-function alleles of Arabidopsis phytochrome B were recently shown to confer light-independent, constitutive photomorphogenic ( cop ) phenotypes to transgenic plants (Su and Lagarias, 2007). In the present study, comparative transcription profiling experiments were performed to assess whether the pattern of gene expression regulated by these alleles accurately reflects the process of photomorphogenesis in wild-type Arabidopsis . Whole-genome transcription profiles of dark-grown phyAphyB seedlings expressing the Y 276 H mutant of phyB (YHB) revealed that YHB reprograms about 13% of the Arabidopsis transcriptome in a light-independent manner. The YHB-regulated transcriptome proved qualitatively similar to but quantitatively greater than those of wild-type seedlings grown under 15 or 50 μmol m −2 m −1 continuous red light (Rc). Among the 2977 genes statistically significant two-fold (SSTF) regulated by YHB in the absence of light include those encoding components of the photosynthetic apparatus, tetrapyrrole/pigment biosynthetic pathways, and early light-responsive signaling factors. Approximately 80% of genes SSTF regulated by Rc were also YHB-regulated. Expression of a notable subset of 346 YHB-regulated genes proved to be strongly attenuated by Rc, indicating compensating regulation by phyC-E and/or other Rc-dependent processes. Since the majority of these 346 genes are regulated by the circadian clock, these results suggest that phyA- and phyB-independent light signaling pathway(s) strongly influence clock output. Together with the unique plastid morphology of dark-grown YHB seedlings, these analyses indicate that the YHB mutant induces constitutive photomorphogenesis via faithful reconstruction of phyB signaling pathways in a light-independent fashion.
Deprivation-induced cortical reorganization in children with cochlear implants

A basic finding in developmental neurophysiology is that some areas of the cortex cortical areas will reorganize following a period of stimulus deprivation. In this review, we discuss mainly electroencephalography (EEG) studies of normal and deprivation-induced abnormal development of the central auditory pathways in children and in animal models. We describe age cut-off for sensitive periods for central auditory development in congenitally deaf children who are fitted with a cochlear implant. We speculate on mechanisms of decoupling and reorganization which may underlie the end of the sensitive period. Finally, we describe new magentoencephalography (MEG) evidence of somatosensory cross-modal plasticity following long-term auditory deprivation.
Calpain Inhibition Prevents Ethanol-Induced Alterations in Spinal Motoneurons

Long-term exposure of ethanol (EtOH) alters the structure and function in brain and spinal cord. The present study addresses the mechanisms of EtOH-induced damaging effects on spinal motoneurons in vitro. Altered morphology and biochemical changes of such damage were demonstrated by in situ Wright staining and DNA ladder assay. EtOH at low to moderate (25–50 mM) concentrations induced damaging effects in the motoneuronal scaffold which involved activation of proteases like μ-calpain and caspase-3. Caspase-8 was seen only at higher (100 mM) EtOH concentration. Further, pretreatment with calpeptin, a potent calpain inhibitor, confirmed the involvement of active proteases in EtOH-induced damage to motoneurons. The lysosomal enzyme cathepsin D was also elevated in the motoneurons by EtOH, and this effect was significantly attenuated by inhibitor treatment. Overall, EtOH exposure rendered spinal motoneurons vulnerable to damage, and calpeptin provided protection, suggesting a critical role of calpain activation in EtOH-induced alterations in spinal motoneurons.
Indirect Network Externality Effects on Product Attributes

Indirect network externality INE effect exists when the utility of a product increases with the greater availability of compatible complementary products. We demonstrate that INE effects can vary by product attributes, with externality-sensitive attributes gaining more from increased availability of complementary products than other attributes. Past research has assumed that the benefit of increased availability of complementary products e.g., software accrues to theentireproduct e.g., hardware. Utilizing data covering a period from 1985 to 1995 on compact disc player prices, attributes, and CD titles releases, and using a hedonic price approach, we find significant positive interactions between CD title availability and two attributes of the CD player, namely, changer capacity and its oversampling rate. In addition to INE-attribute interactions, increased availability of CD titles is found to have a significant positive impact on the overall price of CD players, which is consistent with past research. Collectively, these effects of INE have helped reduce the yearly decline in the price of CD players. The finding that INE effects differentially affect different attributes can help managers in decisions such as pricing, timing of introduction, and changing the levels of INE-sensitive attributes.
The Scattering of 4.5- and 5.5-Mev Neutrons by Deuterons

By bombarding a thin deuterium gas target with deuterons 4.5- and 5.5-Mev neutrons were produced. Deuterons recoiling from neutron collisions in (a) a thin heavy paraffin scatterer and (b) a gas sample were detected by a double coincidence counter telescope. The angular distribution of recoiling deuterons, measured from 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} in the laboratory system, shows a sharp maximum for neutron scattering at 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} with a minimum at approximately 110\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} in the center-of-mass system. The ratio of the differential cross section at 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to that at 110\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} is 5:1 for both energies. The experimental curves are compared with the theory of Buckingham and Massey.
In Vitro synthesis of vitellin by the ovary of the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator

Developing ovaries of the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator, were incubated in vitro in labeled leucine, which was incorporated into the egg yolk protein, vitellin. Two primary vitellin subunits, having molecular weights of 100,600 and 123,500, were separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These results show that the ovary of this crab has the capacity to synthesize vitellin.
Transnasal placement of biplane transesophageal echocardiography probe intraoperatively in an adolescent with congenital heart disease.

Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is frequently used in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Although transnasal TEE is being used in various settings in the adult population, there are no descriptions of its use intraoperatively in patients with CHD. This report describes the successful use of transnasal TEE after multiple unsuccessful transoral attempts in an adolescent male undergoing subaortic stenosis repair.
Adaptations of Female Lions to Infanticide by Incoming Males

Female lions with cubs show various direct responses to immigrating males, including defense of their cubs or avoidance of the new males. Despite these responses, male replacement in the females' pride results in considerable cub mortality. Those females that remain in the pride and mate with the new males show low fertility in the first few months after a takeover of their pride. At the same time, however, females show heightened sexual activity, being more active in initiating copulations and seeking a greater number of mating partners. These two factors appear to elicit competition between male coalitions for control of the pride, with the result that larger coalitions eventually become resident. We suggest that this is adaptive because a female needs protection from male harassment of her cubs for over 2 yr in order to rear her cubs successfully, and only large male coalitions are likely to remain in a pride for more than 2 yr. We present a simple model that specifies one set of conditions under which...
Alterations in P-glycoprotein expression in mouse tissues by doxorubicin: implications for pharmacokinetics in multiple dosing regimens.

The purpose of the studies presented here is to determine if alterations in doxorubicin (DOX) pharmacokinetics that seem to occur following multiple-dosing are due to changes in DOX elimination via P-glycoprotein (PGP) mediated transport in the liver, kidney and gut. A pharmacokinetic study in female Balb/c mice was carried out with blood and tissue DOX levels measured in animals following a single DOX treatment (6 mg/kg), and in animals following a second DOX treatment after receiving a DOX treatment a week earlier. The pharmacokinetics of DOX in blood and tissues was altered by earlier exposure to DOX, as the animals that were treated once a week for 2 weeks showed an increased rate of DOX elimination from blood and tissues following the second treatment. Immunoblot analysis of PGP expression in liver and kidney from naive and DOX-treated mice showed an approximately 1.2-fold elevation of PGP protein in these tissues in response to DOX exposure. Immunohistochemical staining of liver and small intestine sections for PGP showed 1.6-fold and 1.9-fold increases, respectively, in the DOX-treated tissues. These results have implications both in multiple-dosing regimens, as well as multiple-drug regimens, where DOX is used in combination with other drugs that are substrates for PGP-mediated efflux. Increases in PGP expression in both hepatic and extrahepatic tissues can lead to changes in the pharmacokinetics of DOX, as well as other drugs that are transported by PGP.
Characterizing robustness in dynamic real-time systems

The problem of robust task allocation is motivated by the need to deploy real-time systems in dynamic operational environments. Existing robust allocation approaches employ coarse robustness metrics, which can result in poor allocations. This paper proposes a metric that accurately characterizes a system's robustness within feasible allocation regions. An allocation algorithm is provided to find allocations that are both feasible and robust; the robustness as measured by the metric is shown to have theoretical bounds. Experiments demonstrate that the algorithm produces good and scalable performance compared with several heuristic algorithms.
Utility of exercise stress echocardiography in pediatric cardiac transplant recipients: a single-center experience.

Background Annual coronary angiography (ANG) to assess for significant epicardial coronary artery disease (CAD) is an integral part of follow-up care for pediatric cardiac transplant recipients at Children's Hospital Boston. Exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) is an important, non-invasive tool for the detection of ischemia in adults but has been rarely used in children. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and utility of ESE in excluding ANG-detected epicardial CAD at our center, where ESE has been implemented since 2007. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of all pediatric cardiac transplant recipients at our institution who had undergone ESE and ANG between January 2007 and December 2010, and with testing performed Results The study cohort comprised 47 cardiac transplant recipients. One patient's ESE images were inadequate for interpretation. Of the remaining 46 patients, ESE had a sensitivity of 88.9% (95% confidence limits [CL], 51.8%, 99.7%), a specificity of 91.9% (95% CL, 71.8%, 98.3%), and a negative predictive value of 97% (95% CL, 85.1%, 99.1%) for the ANG-detected CAD. Conclusions This large, single-center study showed ESE was feasible and had a high specificity and excellent negative predictive value in excluding epicardial CAD in pediatric cardiac transplant recipients. Future prospective, large-scale studies are needed to confirm these findings and help identify a subset of children for whom a negative ESE could decrease the frequency of routine ANG.
Characterizing plastic depinning dynamics with the fluctuation theorem

We demonstrate that the fluctuation theorem can be used to characterize plastic flow phases in collectively interacting particle assemblies driven over quenched disorder when strong fluctuations and crackling noise with 1/f α character occur. By measuring the frequency of entropy-destroying trajectories and the diffusivity near the threshold for motion, we map out the different dynamic phases and demonstrate that the fluctuation theorem holds in the strongly fluctuating plastic flow regime which was previously shown to be chaotic. For different driving rates and disorder strength, we find that it is possible to define an effective temperature which decreases with increasing drive, as expected for this type of system. When the size of the pinning sites is large, we identify specific regimes where the fluctuation theorem holds only at long times due to an excess of negative entropy events that occur when particles undergo circular motions within the traps. We discuss how the fluctuation theorem could be applied to plastic flow in other driven nonthermal systems with quenched disorder such as superconducting vortices, magnetic domain walls, Coulomb glasses, and earthquake models.
Small molecule activation at the uranium carbon multiple bond

Abstract One strategy for the activation of CO involves the formation of bimetallic compounds where one metal is bonded to a carbonyl carbon atom while the second coordinates oxygen. Insertion of CO, coordinated to transition metals, into the uranium—carbon multiple bond in Cp 3 UCHPMeRPh produces such complexes. The resulting phosphonium-metallaenolate complexes have been shown to undergo further reactions which include CO coupling to produce an allyl moiety, a novel isomerization, and carbon-oxygen bond cleavage to form phosphonium acetylide zwitterions.
Abstract C75: miR-7 suppresses brain metastasis of cancer stem-like cells by modulating Kruppel-like factor 4 in breast cancer

The majority of cancer death of breast cancer attributed to metastatic disease. Despite this clinical importance, the exact pathological process of tumor metastasis is as yet poorly understood, and deciphering the exact molecular mechanism of this process is of paramount importance in order to identify specific therapeutic targets for this devastating disease. Recent active research in microRNA identified a series of this type of molecules that are involved in tumor progression in various tumors as oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are considered to play a role in metastatic progression of breast cancer; however, the exact pathological role of CSCs is yet to be elucidated. In this report, we found that CSCs (CD24-/CD44+/ESA+) isolated from metastatic breast cell lines are significantly more metastatic than non-CSC populations in an organ specific manner. The results of our microRNA profile analysis for these cells revealed that CSCs that are highly metastatic to bone and brain expressed significantly lower level of miR-7 and that this microRNA was capable of modulating one of the essential genes for induced pluripotent stem cell, KLF4. Interestingly, high expression of KLF4 was significantly and inversely correlated to brain- but not bone-metastasis free survival of breast cancer patients, and we indeed found that the expression of miR-7 significantly suppressed the ability of CSCs to metastasize to brain but not to bone in our animal model. We also examined the expression of miR-7 and KLF4 in brain-metastatic lesions and found that these genes were significantly down- or up-regulated, respectively, in the tumor cells in brain. Furthermore, the results of our in vitro experiments indicate that miR-7 attenuates the abilities of invasion and self-renewal of CSCs by modulating KLF4 expression. These results suggest that miR-7 and KLF4 may serve as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for brain metastasis of breast cancer. Citation Format: Fei Xing, Hiroshi Okuda, Aya Kobayashi, Puspa R. Pandey, Puspa R. Pandey, Sambad Sharma, Yin-Yuan Mo, Yin Liu, Kerui Wu, Kounosuke Watabe. miR-7 suppresses brain metastasis of cancer stem-like cells by modulating Kruppel-like factor 4 in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C75.
Concepts and Treatment Approaches in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects up to 30% of adults and is the most common liver disease in Western nations. NAFLD is associated with central adiposity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. It encompasses the entire spectrum of fatty liver diseases from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with lobular/portal inflammation, hepatocellular necrosis, and fibrosis. Of those who develop NASH, 15–25% will progress to end stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma over 10–20 years. Its pathogenesis is complex, and involves a state of lipid accumulation due to increased uptake of free fatty acids into the liver, impaired fatty acid beta oxidation, and increased incidence of de novo lipogenesis. Plasma aminotransferases and liver ultrasound are helpful in the diagnosis of NAFLD/NASH, but a liver biopsy is often required for definitive diagnosis. Many new plasma biomarkers and imaging techniques are now available that should improve the ability to diagnose NAFLD noninvasively Due to its complexity and extrahepatic complications, treatment of NAFLD requires a multidisciplinary approach with excellent preventative care, management, and treatment. This review will evaluate our current understanding of NAFLD, with a focus on existing therapeutic approaches and potential pharmacological developments.
Jet impingement boiling of a dielectric coolant in narrow gaps

An experimental investigation into the effect of the chip-to-orifice gap was conducted for jet impingement boiling of FC-72 at the back surface of a 6.5 mm square thermal chip on a 28 mm square ceramic substrate. Four different types of jets were used, all of them employing a single 0.50 mm diameter orifice. A fixed position jet impingement pin with the orifice centered on a flat face measuring 7.62 mm on an edge was used as a base case. This jet supported a heat flux of about 120 W/cm/sup 2/ at a reasonable flowrate. Variable position jet impingement pistons were shown to perform as well as, but no better than the base case. Additional tests were conducted to investigate performance with variation in the chip-to-orifice gap. Thermal performance was found to be insensitive to the gap at large spacing, but below some specific gap it degraded with decreasing gap. A sudden jump in the chip temperature was discovered to occur at a specific gap. This gap length was found to vary with jet flowrate. >
Pharmacology of the Lower Urinary Tract

The functions of the lower urinary tract, to store and periodically release urine, are dependent on the activity of smooth and striated muscles in the urinary bladder, urethra, and external urethral sphincter. This activity is in turn controlled by neural circuits in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral ganglia. Various neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, excitatory and inhibitory amino acids, adenosine triphosphate, nitric oxide, and neuropeptides, have been implicated in the neural regulation of the lower urinary tract. Injuries or diseases of the nervous system, as well as drugs and disorders of the peripheral organs, can produce voiding dysfunctions such as urinary frequency, urgency, and incontinence or inefficient voiding and urinary retention. This chapter will review recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of voiding disorders and the targets for drug therapy.
Breeding habitat associations and predicted distribution of an obligate tundra-breeding bird, Smith's Longspur

ABSTRACT Smith's Longspur (Calcarius pictus) is a species of conservation concern which breeds in Arctic habitats that are expected to be especially vulnerable to climate change. We used bird presence and habitat data from point-transect surveys conducted at 12 sites across the Brooks Range, Alaska, 2003–2009, to identify breeding areas, describe local habitat associations, and identify suitable habitat using a predictive model of Smith's Longspur distribution. Smith's Longspurs were observed at seven sites, where they were associated with a variety of sedge–shrub habitats composed primarily of mosses, sedges, tussocks, and dwarf shrubs; erect shrubs were common but sparse. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination of ground cover revealed positive associations of Smith's Longspur presence with sedges and mosses and a negative association with high cover of shrubs. To model predicted distribution, we used boosted regression trees to relate landscape variables to occurrence. Our model predicted that Sm...
Bankruptcy Exemptions and the Market for Mortgage Loans

Abstract The recent explosion in personal bankruptcy filings has motivated research into whether credit markets are being adversely affected by generous legal provisions. Empirically, this question...
Studies on acute disseminated encephalomyelitis produced experimentally in Rhesus monkeys. V. Complement-fixing antibodies.

1. Animals injected with emulsions of monkey brain with adjuvants show a complex pattern of antibody response as determined by complement fixation tests. 2. Organ-specific complement-fixing antibodies to constituents of brain tissue may be formed which fix complement with brain tissues of various animal species but fail to react with other organs or with rabbit placenta. 3. Antibodies may be formed to some constituent of brain other than nervous tissue. It would seem that these can be detected by the strong complement fixation given with rabbit placenta. 4. Sera from individual animals may contain antibodies to the brain or placenta constituents, to both, or to neither. Occasional individual sera show unique patterns of antibody response as determined with various additional antigens such as fetal brain, posterior pituitary, or peripheral nerves. 5. No evidence of any etiological relationship between the development of encephalomyelitis and the complement-fixing antibodies to brain demonstrable in the sera could be found. The complement-fixing antibody to the placental constituent was unrelated to the encephalomyelitis.
Kinematic analysis and position/force control of the Anthrobot dextrous hand

The increasing demand for robotic applications in unstructured environments is motivating the need for dextrous end-effecters which can cope with the wide variety of tasks and objects encountered in these environments. A new anthropomorphic robot hand (Anthrobot) which was designed for these environments is described. In this paper the problem of developing the kinematics and unit consistent hybrid position/force control of the Anthrobot fingers is considered as the first step toward its utilization for either teleoperation or autonomous operation. A dynamic model of the fingers is identified and used to develop the control laws. The experimental results of applying the control to the Anthrobot are discussed.
Evaluating audio skimming and frame rate acceleration for summarizing BBC rushes

For the first time in 2007, TRECVID considered structured evaluation of automated video summarization, utilizing BBC rushes video. In 2007, we conducted user evaluations with the published TRECVID summary assessment procedure to rate a cluster method for producing summaries, a 25x (sampling every 25th frame), and pz (emphasizing pans and zooms). Data from 4 human assessors shows significant differences between the cluster, pz, and 25x approaches. The best coverage (text inclusion performance) is obtained by 25x, but at the expense of 25x taking the most time to evaluate and judged as being the most redundant. Method pz was easier to use than cluster and rated best on redundancy. A question following the TRECVID workshop was whether simple speed-ups would still work at 50x or 100x, leading to a study with 15 human assessors looking at pzA (pz but with better audio), 25x, 50x, and 100x summaries (these latter 3 with an unsynchronized more comprehensive audio track as well). 100x gives the fastest time on task but with poor usability and performance. PzA gives the best usability measures but poor time on task and performance. 25x does well on performance as before, with 50x doing just as well but with much less time on task and better ease of use and redundancy scores. Based on these results, 50x with its audio skimming is recommended as the best way to summarize video rushes materials.