cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hawks and Doves, Isolationism and Political Distrust: An Analysis of Public Opinion on Military Policy*

Recent studies of public opinion on Vietnam reveal a surprising positive association between socioeconomic status (SES) and support for “tougher” military policies. In an effort to extend and understand such findings, this study reanalyzes several public opinion surveys conducted during the Korean War. The demographic correlates of military policy preferences are found to be similar to those reported for the Vietnamese War, but the Korean data qualify the proposition that higher SES is associated with support for “tougher” policies in two respects: (1) policy preferences of the Korean public did not appear to be organized on a simple “soft-to-tough” dimension—those who supported escalation were only slightly more likely than average to oppose disengagement; (2) while SES was positively associated with opposing disengagement, it was not associated with supporting escalation. Factor analyses of several surveys reveal two distinct, orthogonal dimensions that underlay military policy preferences: an “isolationist-to-interventionist” dimension associated with opposition to disengagement; and a “trust-to-distrust of the Truman Administration” dimension associated with support for escalation. Respondents are subdivided into four types in accordance with their positions on these dimensions. The demographic characteristics and military preferences of the four types are analyzed, and the overall findings arc discussed with reference to Vietnam as well as public opinion on military policy more generally.
Synthesis and characterization of titanium tetraisocyanide complexes, [CpTi(CNXyl)4E], E = I, SnPh3, and SnMe3

Abstract Oxidation of [CpTi(CO) 4 ] − by I 2 , Ph 3 SnCl, and Me 3 SnCl in the presence of four equivalents of CNXyl, Xyl = 2,6-dimethylphenyl, affords unprecedented titanium tetraisocyanide complexes, [CpTi(CNXyl) 4 E], E = I, SnPh 3 , SnMe 3 . These have been isolated and characterized by spectroscopic methods as well as single-crystal X-ray crystallography. A by-product of the iodine reaction was the Ti(III) complex, [CpTi(CNXyl) 2 I 2 ], which was also characterized by X-ray crystallography.
An NPARC Turbulence Module with Wall Functions

The turbulence module recently developed for the NPARC code has been extended to include wall functions. The Van Driest transformation is used so that the wall functions can be applied to both incompressible and compressible flows. The module is equipped with three two-equation K-epsilon turbulence models: Chien, Shih-Lumley and CMOTR models. Details of the wall functions as well as their numerical implementation are reported. It is shown that the inappropriate artificial viscosity in the near-wall region has a big influence on the solution of the wall function approach. A simple way to eliminate this influence is proposed, which gives satisfactory results during the code validation. The module can be easily linked to the NPARC code for practical applications.
Hand Hygiene Compliance Monitoring: the State of the Art

Hand hygiene is crucial to prevent transmission of hospital-acquired infections. The WHO recommends five moments for hand hygiene: (1) before patient contact, (2) before performing an aseptic task, (3) after exposure with body fluids, (4) after patient contact, and (5) after contact with patient's surroundings. Nevertheless, hand hygiene compliance rates remain low among healthcare workers. Direct observation is the gold standard method for hand hygiene monitoring; however, it is time consuming and observer dependent. Technology has allowed the development of several other hand hygiene surveillance methods. In this article, we review the different modalities for hand hygiene compliance monitoring.
Air-coupled detection of nonlinear Rayleigh surface waves to assess material nonlinearity.

This research presents a new technique for nonlinear Rayleigh surface wave measurements that uses a non-contact, air-coupled ultrasonic transducer; this receiver is less dependent on surface conditions than laser-based detection, and is much more accurate and efficient than detection with a contact wedge transducer. A viable experimental setup is presented that enables the robust, non-contact measurement of nonlinear Rayleigh surface waves over a range of propagation distances. The relative nonlinearity parameter is obtained as the slope of the normalized second harmonic amplitudes plotted versus propagation distance. This experimental setup is then used to assess the relative nonlinearity parameters of two aluminum alloy specimens (Al 2024-T351 and Al 7075-T651). These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique – the average standard deviation of the normalized second harmonic amplitudes, measured at locations along the propagation path, is below 2%. Experimental validation is provided by a comparison of the ratio of the measured nonlinearity parameters of these specimens with ratios from the absolute nonlinearity parameters for the same materials measured by capacitive detection of nonlinear longitudinal waves.
Measurement of an Active Galactic Nucleus Central Mass on Centiparsec Scales: Results of Long-Term Optical Monitoring of Arp 102B

The optical spectrum of the broad-line radio galaxy Arp 102B has been monitored for more than 13 yr to investigate the nature of the source of its broad, double-peaked hydrogen Balmer emission lines. The shape of the lines varied subtly; there was an interval during which the variation in the ratio of the fluxes of the two peaks appeared to be sinusoidal, with a period of 2.16 yr and an amplitude of about 16% of the average value. The variable part of the broad Hα line is well fitted by a model in which a region of excess emission (a quiescent hot spot) within an accretion disk (fitted to the nonvarying portion of the double-peaked line) completes at least two circular orbits and eventually fades. Fits to spectra from epochs when the hot spot is not present allow determination of the disk inclination, while fits for epochs when it is present provide a measurement of the radius of the hot spot's orbit. From these data and the period of variation, we find that the mass within the hot spot's orbit is 2.2 -->+ 0.2−0.7×10 -->8 M☉, within the range of previous estimates of masses of active galactic nuclei. Because this mass is determined at a relatively small distance from the central body, it is extremely difficult to explain without assuming that a supermassive black hole lies within Arp 102B. Our collection of spectra allows us to apply several tests to models of the source of the double peaks. The ratio of Hα to Hβ flux at a given velocity displays no turning points or points of inflection at the velocity associated with the blue peak in flux; thus, this peak should not correspond to a turning point in physical conditions. This behavior is consistent with simple accretion disk and, possibly, spiral shock models but not with models that attribute the double peaks to separate broad-line regions around a binary black hole or to broad, subrelativistic jets. The lack of systematic change in the velocity of the blue peak over time provides a further constraint on binary broad-line region models; this yields a lower limit on the mass of such a binary black hole system of at least 1010 M☉. The variability properties of the double-peaked emission lines in Arp 102B therefore continue to favor an accretion disk origin over other models.
More than Jezebels and Freaks: Exploring How Black Girls Navigate Sexual Coercion and Sexual Scripts

Expanding on Black feminist scholarship and sexual script theory, this study explored the sexual negotiation strategies of Black adolescent girls. Specifically, in this study, I sought to understand how Black girls confront sexual coercion and ways that racialized and gendered sexual scripts influenced their resistance. Two focus groups were conducted with 17 Black American high school girls. Using thematic and dimensional analysis, four themes of individual and collective resistance emerged from the data including Personal Responsibility, Finding Sexual Autonomy and Desire, Media Transformation, and Giving Voice. Themes replicate and extend existing African American sexual scripts as reported by Stephens and Philips (Sexuality & Culture 7:3–49, 2003). Implications for future research and psychological interventions are discussed.
The prognostic impact of histology and 1p/19q status in anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors

BACKGROUND It has been reported previously that the combined loss of chromosomal arms 1p and 19q is a significant predictor of outcome for patients with anaplastic oligodendroglial (AO) tumors and that such chromosomal loss correlates with classic histology in AO. The authors sought to determine whether histology was an equivalent or superior predictor of outcome compared with 1p/19q status in 131 patients with AO tumors. METHODS The status of 1p and 19q was determined using real-time, quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization. Clinical features (response to adjuvant therapy and tumor location) and molecular genetic abnormalities (9p and 10q deletions, overexpression of p53 and epidermal growth factor receptor) were determined on available specimens. Histologic assessments for classic oligodendroglial features were performed by five neuropathologists. RESULTS Classic histology was associated closely with 1p/19q loss, as reported previously. Patients who had tumors that were considered classic by at least four of the five neuropathologists showed significantly increased progression-free and overall survival compared with the patients who had less classic tumors. The authors also tested the correlation between 1p/19q status and outcome in subsets of patients stratified according to classic tumor features. The association of 1p/19q status with survival was related closely to the presence of classic histology. Loss of 1p/19q was predictive of improved outcome only among patients who had tumors with classic histologic features. CONCLUSIONS The current results suggested that, in addition to 1p/19q status, histologic features contribute information to the prediction of outcome in patients with AO. Loss of 1p and 19q appeared to be a prognostic marker only in the subset of patients who had AO tumors with classic histologic features. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Implementing Internal Diversification: Contingency Factors for Organization Design Choices

Existing studies of internal diversification are reviewed and found to be too general to guide managerial decision making. An organizational learning view of diversification is presented. Further, an implementation-oriented framework for assessing the relatedness of new business candidates is developed. The relatedness of a targeted diversification domain and the primary tasks of diversification are seen as critical constructs for guiding implementation and organization design choices.
In) Sensitivity to spatial distortion in natural scenes

The perception of object structure in the natural environment is remarkably stable under large variation in image size and projection, especially given our insensitivity to spatial position outside the fovea. Sensitivity to periodic spatial distortions that were introduced into one quadrant of gray-scale natural images was measured in a 4AFC task. Observers were able to detect the presence of distortions in unfamiliar images even though they did not significantly affect the amplitude spectrum. Sensitivity depended on the spatial period of the distortion and on the image structure at the location of the distortion. The results suggest that the detection of distortion involves decisions made in the late stages of image perception and is based on an expectation of the typical structure of natural scenes.
Composition of adrenal lipids from some domestic and wild ruminants

1. Lipids from the whole adrenal glands of the ox and the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) were extracted and fractionated into neutral and phospholipids. Both species revealed the presence of considerable quantities of cholesterol but only very small quantities of cholesteryl esters. 2. Fatty acids from various fractions of bovine and buffalo adrenal glands were investigated by gas-chromatography. They showed a remarkably low content of higher unsaturated fatty acids and a very high content of stearic acid. 3. Mitochondrial and microsomal fractions were isolated from the adrenal glands of the impala antelope (Aepyceros melampus), their lipids extracted, analyzed and compared with the composition of the mitochondrial lipids from bovine adrenal glands. 4. Subcellular fractions of the bovine and impala adrenal glands contain only very small quantities of esterified cholesterol. Most of the lipid fractions were characterized by the absence of adrenic acid (C22:4 omega 6) and a low content of arachidonic acid.
Anchor Points Reactive Potential for Bond-Breaking Reactions.

We present a new method for fitting potential energy surfaces in molecular-mechanics-like internal coordinates based on data from electronic structure calculations. The method should be applicable to chemical reactions involving either bond dissociation or isomerization and is illustrated here for bond dissociation, in particular the breaking of an O–H bond in methanol and the breaking of an N–H bond in dimethylamine. As compared to previously available systematic methods for fitting global potential energy surfaces, it extends the maximum size of the system than can be treated by at least an order of magnitude.
Kinetic study of competing first-order processes: simultaneous quantification of hemoglobin and methemoglobin in whole blood

Abstract The development and evaluation of a kinetic method for the simultaneous quantification of methemoglobin and hemoglobin is described. A unique feature of the reaction/monitoring system is that the two species produce signals that change in opposite directions. Attempts to optimize the reaction conditions, procedures for preparing reliable standards, a new multiwavelength method used for comparison purposes and results for synthetic standards and blood samples to which known amounts of methemoglobin are added are described. Combined effects of competing directions of signal change, large concentration differences and conditions required for pseudo-first-order behavior results in a relativity narrowly defined set of conditions that permit simultaneous determinations. Even so, results for methemoglobin were in reasonable agreement between the kinetic and spectrophotometric methods (slope 1.05, intercept 0.17 mmol l −1 ); difficulties in achieving pseudo-first-order behavior yielded less reliable results for hemoglobin with a least-squares slope of 1.16 for a comparison of results by kinetic and spectrophotometric methods. This latter problem had an adverse effect on comparison of percentages of methemoglobin in samples even though concentration values were in good agreement.
A simple strain energy based finite element mesh refinement scheme

Abstract A simple technique for finite element mesh refinement is presented. The technique is based on maximizing strain energy in the elements. The implementation of the technique in a general purpose program is facilitated by the fact that all calculations can be made at the element level. An element-by-element iterative algorithm combining Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel iteration is presented for the solution of equilibrium equations. The algorithm does not require formulation of the global stiffness matrix. Several numerical examples from two-dimensional elasticity are presented to show the effectiveness of the algorithms developed.
Digital x-ray imaging with two-dimensional charge-coupled device arrays

We are investigating the characteristics of a prototype digital radiography imaging system in which six two-dimensional diode arrays (CCD) are directly coupled through a bonded matrix (3 x 2) of fiberoptic minifiers to either a scintillating fiberoptic glass plate or to a fluorescent screen. Images are digitally acquired at a rate of up to 30 frames/sec and software corrected for pixel gain, dark current, and geometric distortion. This paper describes the concepts and design configuration of this approach, as well as preliminary results from several phantom and animal studies. Our results indicate that high resolution (> 4 lp/rnm) and high signal-to-noise ratio images can be obtained with this method. However, the complexity associated with this concept cannot be discounted.
Direct Regulation of GTP Homeostasis by (p)ppGpp: A Critical Component of Viability and Stress Resistance

Cells constantly adjust their metabolism in response to environmental conditions, yet major mechanisms underlying survival remain poorly understood. We discover a posttranscriptional mechanism that integrates starvation response with GTP homeostasis to allow survival, enacted by the nucleotide (p)ppGpp, a key player in bacterial stress response and persistence. We reveal that (p)ppGpp activates global metabolic changes upon starvation, allowing survival by regulating GTP. Combining metabolomics with biochemical demonstrations, we find that (p)ppGpp directly inhibits the activities of multiple GTP biosynthesis enzymes. This inhibition results in robust and rapid GTP regulation in Bacillus subtilis, which we demonstrate is essential to maintaining GTP levels within a range that supports viability even in the absence of starvation. Correspondingly, without (p)ppGpp, gross GTP dysregulation occurs, revealing a vital housekeeping function of (p)ppGpp; in fact, loss of (p)ppGpp results in death from rising GTP, a severe and previously unknown consequence of GTP dysfunction.
Photosynthetically elevated pH in acid waters with high nutrient content and its significance for the zooplankton community

The pH of undisturbed surface waters in the New Jersey Pine Barrens is very acidic (pH 3.5–4.5). Surface waters disturbed by residential and agricultural development typically exhibit significantly elevated pH. Detailed analyses of a disturbed and undisturbed pond showed that the elevated pH of the disturbed pond was primarily the result of enhanced primary productivity. At night and during the winter, when productivity was reduced, the pH dropped to levels more characteristic of the undisturbed pond. The phenomenon of fluctuating pH had significant implications for the zooplankton in the disturbed pond. Though nutrients were significantly greater in the disturbed pond, zooplankton species composition and general abundance patterns were nearly identical in the two ponds. Thus, in these and other poorly buffered waters, it is hypothesized that the lowest pH values were the ones effectively regulating the zooplankton community.
Formation and early history of Lakes Pepin and St. Croix of the upper Mississippi River

Study of Lake Pepin and Lake St. Croix began more than a century ago, but new information has permitted a closer look at the geologic history of these two riverine lakes located on the upper Mississippi River system. Drainages from large proglacial lakes Agassiz and Duluth at the end of the last glaciation helped shape the current valleys. As high-discharge outlet waters receded, tributary streams deposited fans of sediment in the incised river valleys. These tributary fans dammed the main river, forming riverine lakes. Lake Pepin was previously thought to be a single long continuous lake, extending for 80 km from its dam at the Chippewa River fan all the way up to St. Paul, with an arm extending up the St. Croix valley. Recent borings taken at bridge and dam locations show more than a single section of lake sediments, indicating a more complex history. The Minnesota and Mississippi Rivers did not always follow their current paths. Valleys cut into bedrock but now buried by glacial sediment indicate former river courses, with the most recent of these from the last interglacial period marked at the surface by chains of lakes. The morphology of the Mississippi valley bottom, and thus the morphology of Lake Pepin as it filled the valley, is reflect in part by the existence of these old valleys but also by the presence of glacial outwash terraces and the alluvial fans of tributary streams. A sediment core taken in Lake Pepin near Lake City had a piece of wood in gravels just below lake sediments that dated to 10.3 ka cal. BP, indicating that the lake formed as the Chippewa River fan grew shortly after the floodwaters of Lakes Agassiz and Duluth receded. Data from new borings indicate small lakes were dammed behind several tributary fans in the Mississippi River valley between the modern Lake Pepin and St. Paul. One tributary lake, here called Early Lake Vermillion, may have hydraulically dammed the St. Croix River, creating an incipient Lake St. Croix. The tributary fans from the Vermillion River, the Cannon River, and the Chippewa River all served to segment the main river valley into a series of riverine lakes. Later the growth of the Chippewa fan surpassed that of the Vermillion and Cannon fans to create a single large lake, here called late Lake Pepin, which extended upstream to St. Paul. Sediment cores taken from Lake Pepin did not have significant organic matter to develop a chronology from radiocarbon dating. Rather, magnetic features were matched with those from a Lake St. Croix core, which did have a known radiocarbon chronology. The Pepin delta migration rate was then estimated by projecting the elevations of the top of the buried lake sediments to the dated Lake Pepin core, using an estimated slope of 10 cm/km, the current slope of Lake Pepin sediment surface. By these approximations, the Lake Pepin delta prograded past Hastings 6.0 ka cal BP and Red Wing 1.4 ka cal BP.
Effects of individual and family hardiness on caregiver depression and fatigue.

Hardiness is defined as commitment to life, viewing change as challenge, and having control over one's life. Previous research suggests that hardiness is related to better outcomes in stressful situations. The effects of individual and family hardiness on depression and fatigue of caregivers of disabled older adults (DA) were examined using a descriptive, cross-sectional design. The sample was 67 caregivers of DA with high functional impairment. One-third of caregivers reported moderate to high fatigue, and 40% had scores indicating possible clinical depression. Memory and behavior problems of the DA were positively correlated with caregiver depression and fatigue. Family hardiness was negatively related to memory and behavior problems of the DA. Controlling for covariates, individual hardiness was negatively associated with depression and fatigue; coping strategies did not mediate the relationship. Caregivers with low individual and family hardiness had more depression than those high in both resources. Additional research is needed to determine the relevance of hardiness theory in caregiving research.
Towards parallel access of multi-dimensional, multi-resolution scientific data

Large-scale scientific simulations routinely produce data of increasing resolution. Analyzing this data is key to scientific discovery. A critical bottleneck facing data analysis is the I/O time to access the data due to the disparity between a simulation's data layout and the data layout requirements of analysis applications. One method of addressing this problem is to reorganize the data in a manner that makes it more amenable to analysis and visualization. The IDX file format is one example of this approach. It orders data points so that they can be accessed at multiple resolution levels with favorable spatial locality and caching properties. IDX has been used successfully in fields such as digital photography and visualization of large scientific data, and is a promising approach for analysis of HPC data. Unfortunately, the existing tools for writing data in this format only provide a serial interface. HPC applications must therefore either write all data from a single process or convert existing data as a post-processing step, in either case failing to utilize available parallel I/O resources. In this work, we provide an overview of the IDX file format and the existing ViSUS library that provides serial access to IDX data. We investigate methods for writing IDX data in parallel and demonstrate that it is possible for HPC applications to write data directly into IDX format with scalable performance. Our preliminary results demonstrate 60% of the peak I/O throughput when reorganizing and writing the data from 512 processes on an IBM BG/P system. We also analyze the performance bottlenecks and propose future work towards a flexible and efficient implementation.
Behavior of Ni, Zn and Cr during low temperature aqueous Fe oxidation processes on Mars

Abstract The behavior of Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cr(III) during the melanterite (FeSO4·7H2O) to hematite (α-Fe2O3) oxidative transformations involving evolution pathways via jarosite ((H3O,K)Fe3(OH)6(SO4)2), schwertmannite (Fe8O8(OH)6(SO4)) and goethite (α-FeOOH) were investigated in an acidic saturated MgSO4 matrix. Results provide important clues about how elevated levels of trace elements are incorporated into the secondary Fe mineralogy assemblages found on Mars and the mechanism for formation of hematitic concretions at Meridiani Planum on Mars. Our results demonstrate that starting at the same concentrations in the initial solution, final amounts of Ni, Zn and Cr in hematite via different pathways are very different. In Path 1 (melanterite → jarosite → hematite), partitioning of Ni, Zn and Cr into jarosite and hematite (formed through dissolution of jarosite) is most likely in the order: Cr > Zn > Ni. In Path 2 (melanterite → schwertmannite → goethite → hematite), schwertmannite and goethite exhibited strong affinities for divalent Ni and Zn. During such a pathway, Ni should accumulate more than Zn by at least a factor of two, and partitioning of Ni, Zn and Cr to the hematite is most likely in the order: Cr > Ni > Zn. Therefore, our results suggest that the high Ni and moderate Zn distribution pattern observed in Meridiani hematitic spherule-bearing samples can be explained best by the schwertmannite–goethite to hematite pathway (Path 2), without need for an additional high Ni source in this region. Although the lack of goethite at Meridiani renders it uncertain if goethite ever served as a precursor to facilitate hematite formation, dehydration of nano-crystalline goethite is thermodynamically favored and cannot be ruled out. On the other hand, if hematitic concretions were formed by dissolution of jarosite (Path 1), then much higher initial Ni/Zn ratios than 1 in initial diagenetic fluids may be necessary to explain the elevated levels of Ni in the spherules. Cr(III), when starting in equal amounts as Ni and Zn in the solution, accumulated at least two orders of magnitude more than Ni and Zn in all Fe(III)-phases. Given that Cr concentrations are of the same order of magnitude as Ni and Zn in most rocks and soils measured by the rover Opportunity, Cr concentrations should be much lower than Ni and Zn in the initial diagenetic fluids. Mobility of Cr was greatly limited by precipitation of Fe(III)-phases, due to substitution for Fe(III) and sequestration in the solids.
Human Appropriation of Photosynthesis Products

Previous global estimates of the human impact on terrestrial photosynthesis products depended heavily on extrapolation from plot-scale measurements. Here, we estimated this impact with the use of recent data, many of which were collected at global and continental scales. Monte Carlo techniques that incorporate known and estimated error in our parameters provided estimates of uncertainty. We estimate that humans appropriate 10 to 55% of terrestrial photosynthesis products. This broad range reflects uncertainty in key parameters and makes it difficult to ascertain whether we are approaching crisis levels in our use of the planet's resources. Improved estimates will require high-resolution global measures within agricultural lands and tropical forests.
Genetic and environmental risk factors for depression assessed by subject-rated Symptom Check List versus structured clinical interview

Background. It is not known if a subject’s characteristic level of self-rated depression symptoms index their genetic or environmental liability to major depressive disorder when measurement error and other occasion-specific influences are taken into account. Method. Monozygotic (N fl 408) and dizygotic (N fl 295) adult female twin pairs from a population-based registry were surveyed twice with an average follow-up interval of 61 months. At each occasion subjects completed a structured clinical interview (SCID) to assess lifetime history of major depression and the subject-rated Symptom Check List (SCL) to assess current level of depressive symptomatology. A bivariate measurement model was used to estimate the genetic and environmental correlations between liability to reliably diagnosed lifetime history of major depression and the characteristic or temporally stable SCL depression score. Results. The genetic and non-familial environmental correlation between liability to reliably diagnosed major depression and the characteristic level of SCL depression symptoms (and the proportion of variance shared between measures) is ›0‐70 and ›0‐24 respectively. Conclusions. When allowance is made for diagnostic unreliability and temporal fluctuations in the level of subject-rated symptoms, 70% of the variance in genetic risk factors and 24% of the variance in environmental risk factors is shared by a diagnosis of lifetime major depression and total SCL depression symptom score. SCL depression scores may therefore be a useful screening measure for many of the genetic risk factors which influence liability to major depression.
Characterization of in vivo-activated T cell clones from peripheral blood of multiple sclerosis patients

In vivo-activated interleukin-2 responsive T cell clones were generated from peripheral blood (PBL) of multiple sclerosis patients (MS) and normal subjects (N) by limiting dilution analysis. The frequency with which interleukin-2 responsive cells were cloned from PBL was higher in MS than N. CD8 was the predominant phenotype expressed by both MS (85%) and N (89%) clones. Seven clones from four MS patients but none from five N subjects specifically proliferated against myelin basic protein. These studies demonstrate the existence of MBP-reactive T cells in PBL of MS patients.
Polyamine Catabolism Is Enhanced after Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract Polyamines spermine and spermidine are highly regulated, ubiquitous aliphatic cations that maintain DNA structure and function as immunomodulators and as antioxidants. Polyamine homeostasis is disrupted after brain injuries, with concomitant generation of toxic metabolites that may contribute to secondary injuries. To test the hypothesis of increased brain polyamine catabolism after traumatic brain injury (TBI), we determined changes in catabolic enzymes and polyamine levels in the rat brain after lateral controlled cortical impact TBI. Spermine oxidase (SMO) catalyzes the degradation of spermine to spermidine, generating H2O2 and aminoaldehydes. Spermidine/spermine-N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) catalyzes acetylation of these polyamines, and both are further oxidized in a reaction that generates putrescine, H2O2, and aminoaldehydes. In a rat cortical impact model of TBI, SSAT mRNA increased subacutely (6–24 h) after TBI in ipsilateral cortex and hippocampus. SMO mRNA levels were elevated late, from...
Transferability of a role-oriented interest Inventory from men to women in church-related occupations

Abstract This study considers the feasibility of using the Inventory of Religious Activities of Interests and the extensive data for men associated therewith in the counseling of women who may be interested in entering occupations related to the Protestant Church. Mean scores on the ten scales of the Inventory for men and women in nine categories of church-related occupations and for the total sex groups were compared in respect to similarity of shape of mean score profile and in respect to the level of mean scores. In addition, the ability of the Inventory to differentiate among groups (11 for women; 10 for men) for the sexes separately was considered. The results suggest that while men and women as total groups appear to differ in their interests as measured by the IRAI, the data for men and women in the respective specialties are sufficiently similar in respect to profile shape and mean score level to justify the use of the Inventory and the normative data for men in the counseling of women. The results suggest the Inventory differentiates among subgroups of men more effectively than it does among subgroups of women. But there are data to suggest that this difference may be more apparent than real.
Inhibition of Plant Root Growth by Enzymes and Histones

It has been shown previously that root growth can be inhibited by basic, animal proteins. In an effort to see if a plant histone was more efficacious than the animal protein, roots were grown in the presence of wheat histone. Otber basic polymers were also tested. Polycations, including salmine, lysozyme, ribonuclease, wheat germ histone, thymus histone and polylysine inhibit root elongation of barley and wheat. Polyglutamate and lysylglycine at comparable weight concentrations are not inhibitory. No difference in the efficacy of tbe plant and the animal histones could be found with either plant, which suggests that the action is non-specific. Growth of roots inhibited by histone, trypsin, or lysozyme can resume after removal of the polycation. The mechanism whereby polycations influence root growth is not known, but it is clear that the polymeric state of ionic functional groups is of paramount importance in the binding of the polycations to cell surfaces.
Long-term evaluation of extended thymectomy with anterior mediastinal dissection for myasthenia gravis.

Abstract Background. Thymectomy for the treatment of myasthenia gravis (MG) is well established. The extent of resection, however, remains a source for debate. Outcomes for newer surgical techniques need to be compared to more extensive procedures. Methods. A retrospective review was done of 64 consecutive patients who underwent transsternal thymectomy with extended anterior mediastinal dissection for MG between 1979 and 2000 and who were operated on by a single surgeon. Results. Fifty-six patient charts were available, providing 58 operative procedures. Three patients had died of unrelated causes. The mean age of symptom onset was 36.0 ± 2.5 years, with a mean duration of 3.3 ± 0.5 years until surgery was undertaken. The mean length of follow-up was 6.8 ± 0.8 years. Operative procedures were associated with a 10.3% major morbidity rate and no mortality. Drug-free remission was achieved in 50.0% of the patients, and symptoms were absent or improved in 76.8% of the patients. Patients followed up long-term (>10 years) achieved the greatest remission rate (71.4%) and symptomatic improvement (85.7%). After thymectomy, the mean dosages of prednisone and Mestinon decreased by 69.3% and 58.8%, respectively. Conclusions. Extended thymectomy provides excellent overall symptom improvement, which is enhanced over time. This review provides a basis for long-term comparison with other less invasive and perhaps less extensive procedures. (Surgery 2001;130:774-9.)
Decay of the134Cs isomers and the levels of134Xe,134Cs, and134Ba

A precision study of the decay of134Csg and134Csm has been made, using ordinary Ge(Li) spectrometers and ā Compton-suppression spectrometer. The logft value of the second forbidden nonuniqueβ-decay to134Xe has been measured to be 13.0±0.2. TheM4γ-ray transition in134Csm(8−) decay has been measured to haveαK= 73±7 and a hindrance of 7.0 over the Moskowski estimate. This is discussed in terms of the level configurations and the analogous transition in133Xe. A new intensity limit of 2×10−6 has been set for the zero-phonon transition between the 4+ and 2+ members of the two-phonon triplet. This leads to an upper limit forB(E2)4→2′, greater than 905. This and the more preciseγ-ray intensity values are discussed in relation to presently available nuclear models.
THE EFFECT OF ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS

1. An unidentified unit in the mechanism of the photosynthesis of Chlorella pyrenoidosa is rendered inactive by the absorption of one quantum of ultraviolet light (2537 A wave length). 2. The same irradiation has no effect on the normal respiration of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Experiments have not yet been made on the respiration inhibitable by HCN. 3. No chemical change was detected in the chlorophyll extracted from irradiated cells.
Nature and distribution of phosphorus minerals in Cook Inlet coals, Alaska

Although phosphorus is a very important biogenic element, its concentration in coal is generally low. Phosphorus concentrations typically range from 0.001% to 0.229% in raw coals of the contiguous 48 states of the U.S.A. Some Alaskan coals in the Cook Inlet region contain horizons unusually high in phosphorus. Analyses of coals at 0.3 m intervals from a deep drill core, containing 21.3 m of subbituminous C coal from the Beluga coalfield, Alaska, showed certain increments with as much as 17.03% P2O5 in the coal ash; 1.01% P on a moisture-free coal basis. Crandallite-group minerals were identified by electron microprobe analyses as phosphorus-rich minerals in these coals. Crandallite was found as 3 μm size colloidal precipitates, and as concretions and porous aggregates as large as 100 μm. Calcium, barium, strontium and phosphorus concentrations in the coal, attributable to crandallite group minerals, can be quantified using chemical fractionation for exchangeable cations and acid extractable elements. Because high phosphorus horizons in Cook Inlet coals are attributed to periodic infusions of phosphorus from volcanic ash, as well as the proper chemical environment for the precipitation of the phosphorus minerals, it is suggested that the profiles of acid extractable phosphorus concentration may be useful to aid coal seam correlations.
Sudden onset of confusion with severe exacerbation of parkinsonism during levodopa therapy

Two patients with Parkinson's disease presented with unprovoked, abrupt onset of hallucinations, confusion and the simultaneous worsening of parkinsonian symptoms. This clinical syndrome appears to be a rare complication of dopaminergic therapy since improvement occurred gradually with reduction of Sinemet dosage.
Virtual USB drive: A key component for smart home storage architecture

As home digital data grow rapidly and some home digital data require storage management from household members, a smart home storage design becomes a critical issue. This paper proposes key requirements for designing smart home storage and analyzes existing storage solutions. Moreover, we demonstrate that our virtual USB drive, plugged into a USB port of any home digital device to give an easy access to pre-designated home shared storage (local disks of desktops) and further to outsourced cloud storage, can be adopted as a key component for the smart home storage design.
Tubulin does not bind glycerol irreversibly.

Abstract Tubulin incorporates radioactivity when incubated with preparations of [14C]-glycerol, but the material that binds to tubulin is a contaminant rather than glycerol itself. The apparent binding of glycerol by tubulin was not stoichiometric, nor was it significantly affected by dilution of the radioactive glycerol preparation with unlabelled glycerol. Radioactive glycerol purified by prior exposure to protein was an order of magnitude less effective in binding to tubulin than unpurified glycerol. Cytochrome-C and bovine plasma albumin, as well as tubulin, incorporated radioactivity from isotopically labelled glycerol. The amount of radioactivity incorporated into tubulin was unaffected by assembly-disassembly.
Deep Brain Stimulation of the Posterior Hypothalamus for Cluster Headache—How High Should the Threshold Be?

luster headache (CH) is a debilitating primary headache syndrome characterized by severe unilateral headaches C accompanied by autonomic symptoms (7). Although CH is grouped with the trigeminal autonomic cephalgias, its pathogenesis is poorly understood. A number of medications, such as oxygen, triptans, verapamil, and lithium, are effective in themajority of cases, yet a number of patients have headaches refractory to all medical management. Invasive treatments, involving stimulation or lesioning of central and peripheral foci, have been variably successful. Early attempts at treating CH by lesioning of the trigeminal nerve met with mixed success and were fraught with risks of unacceptable side effects such as sensory loss, keratitis, and anesthesia dolorosa (2, 8, 21, 28).
IQ-Based Norms for Highly Intelligent Adults

This study presents normative data of commonly used neuropsychological tests administered to 75 individuals with high levels of intelligence (estimated IQ > or = 120). Participants were living independently in the community with ages ranging from 44 to 86. To avoid including individuals with an incipient dementia, we selected subjects who scored within the normal range on all cognitive tests for at least a two-year period. The norms are presented in table format to help clinicians easily identify a typical cognitive performance in highly intelligent individuals and to provide a useful guide for detecting abnormal cognitive decline in individuals at risk for progressive dementia.
An evaluation of the pressure proof test concept for thin sheet 2024-T3

The concept of pressure proof testing of fuselage structures with fatigue cracks to insure structural integrity was evaluated from a fracture mechanics viewpoint. A generic analytical and experimental investigation was conducted on uniaxially loaded flat panels with crack configurations and stress levels typical of longitudinal lap splice joints in commercial transport aircraft fuselages. The results revealed that the remaining fatigue life after a proof test was longer than that without the proof test because of crack growth retardation due to increased crack closure. However, based on a crack length that is slightly less than the critical value at the maximum proof test stress, the minimum assured life or proof test interval must be no more than 550 pressure cycles for a 1.33 proof factor and 1530 pressure cycles for a 1.5 proof factor to prevent in-flight failures.
PS2-15: Capturing Race and Ethnicity for Health Research

Background/Aims Racial and ethnic differences and disparities in health and healthcare are important issues that need to be documented in order for them to be adequately addressed. Yet, for a number of reasons, health plans often do not have such information at their disposal for a large proportion of their patients and are only now beginning to collect it more systematically. This study aims to document the current status of race and ethnicity data and provide guidance on methods for improving the measurement, quality, completeness, and analysis of this data for HMORN studies.
Neutrophil-derived, oxygen free radical-mediated cardiovascular dysfunction

Oxygen free radicals and their metabolites generated from activated neutrophils have been implicated in mediating the cardiovascular dysfunction of such diverse etiologies as myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury, Gram negative sepsis, myocarditis and acute cardiac allograft rejection, but a direct demonstration of neutrophil derived oxygen free radical mediation of cardiovascular dysfunction has not been accomplished. In this study, we have demonstrated that activation of the canine neutrophil system, in vivo, results in the generation of oxygen free radicals that are capable of disrupting cardiovascular function producing a significant decrease in mean arterial pressure and cardiac index without any significant effect on the conduction system of the myocardium. Neutrophil depletion or pretreatment with superoxide dismutase and catalase inhibited the effects of activated neutrophils. This study provides evidence that neutrophil-derived reduced oxygen intermediates are able to induce severe cardiovascular dysfunction.
Delinquent behavior, the transition to adulthood, and the likelihood of military enlistment

Using data taken from the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth we examine the relationship between delinquency and enlistment in the military. We argue that delinquent behavior is positively related to enlistment because military service is an attractive alternative for delinquents to mark their transition to adulthood and their desistance from delinquent behavior. We also argue, however, that this relationship is not linear, with higher levels of delinquent behavior actually acting to reduce the likelihood of enlistment. We further suggest that the relationship between delinquency and enlistment is similar for men and women. We test and find support for our hypotheses using data taken from the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth.
Pressure dependence of the metal-insulator transition in tetrathiofulvalinium tetracyanoquinodimethane (ttf-tcnq)

Measurements of the conductivity of single-crystal TTF-TCNQ are reported for pressures 0-20 kbar and temperatures 20-273\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The metal-insulator transition temperature increases about 1\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K/kbar. The conductivity at 273\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K increases by a factor of 4.5 at 20 kbar, while the peak conductivity near the metal-insulator transition remains independent of pressure. These results are discussed in terms of current models describing the properties of TTF-TCNQ.
A Physicist in the Corridors of Power: P. M. S. Blackett's Opposition to Atomic Weapons Following the War

. Blackett had been a naval officer during the First World War, a veteran of Ernest Rutherford's Cavendish Laboratory and head of the physics department at Manchester in the interwar years, and he was a founder of operational research during the Second World War. Vilified in the British and American press in the 1940s and 1950s, he continued to contest prevailing nuclear weapons strategy, finding a more favorable reception for his arguments by the early 1960s. This paper examines the publication and reception of Blackett's views on atomic weapons, analyzing the risks to a physicist who writes about a subject other than physics, as well as the circumstances that might compel one to do so.
Intravenous pantropazole: physician understanding of indications and their prescribing patterns leading to hospital restrictions

Intravenous pantropazole: physician understanding of indications and their prescribing patterns leading to hospital restrictions