cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ionic Conductivity in Lithium Aluminosilicate Solid Electrolyte Materials

Studies of ionic conductivity in lithium aluminosilicate, Li2O·Al2O3·nSiO2, glass-ceramic materials based on β-eucryptite (n=2) a one-dimensional tunnel structure, are being pursued. These materials are of interest as Li+-ion conducting solid electrolytes for thermal batteries because of their high ionic conductivity, σ, at elevated temperatures (~600°C), low thermal expansion, ease of fabrication, and variable composition. The effects of composition and structure on a in glass and glass-ceramic materials are being examined. The highest conductivities [4 × 10-2(Ω-cm)-l at 600°C] have been obtained with enhanced Li2O concentrations and with B2O3 substitutions for Al2O3. Substitutions of Ga2O3 and GeO2 for Al2O3 and SiO2, respectively, have no significant effect on σ. Ionic conductivities have been determined for five glass-ceramics with various degrees of crystallinity. Results show no significant change in a below 60% crystallinity. However, as the percentage crystallinity increases from 60 to 88%, the activation energy, E, and the pre-exponential factor, σ0 increase from ~0.7 to -1.2 eV and from ~103 to ~105 (Ω-cm)−1, respectively [determined from σ =σ0 exp (-E/kT)]. These results suggest that σ in β-eucryptite glass-ceramics may be modeled by percolation theory. Unlike the other materials examined, a for certain B2O3 substituted glass-ceramics is greater than a of the corresponding glass. Present studies are oriented toward further enhancing the conductivity as well as understanding the mechanisms and relative importance of lithium ion transport in the glass and crystalline phases in these glass-ceramic materials.
Shunts for Variceal Hemorrhage: Why? When? What?

While shunt surgery in patients with portal hypertension and variceal bleeding has been widely performed for more than 30 years, basic questions about its therapeutic role persist.
The Family System and Depressive Symptoms during the College Years: Triangulation, Parental Differential Treatment, and Sibling Warmth as Predictors

Guided by Bowen theory, we investigated the relationships between parent–child triangulation, parental differential treatment (PDT), sibling warmth, and individual depressive symptoms in a sample of 77 sibling dyads, aged 18–25 years, recruited through undergraduate classes at a U.S. public University. Results of the actor–partner interdependence models suggested that being triangulated into parental conflict was positively related to both siblings’ perception of PDT; however, as one sibling felt triangulated, the other perceived reduced levels of PDT. For both siblings, the perception of higher levels of PDT was related to decreased sibling warmth and higher sibling warmth was associated with fewer depressive symptoms. The implications of these findings for research and the treatment of depression in the college-aged population are discussed.
Environment, Tourism and Levels of Governance

This chapter looks at various institutional levels in order to explore what methods of governance exist to regulate the environmental consequences of tourism and how they connect with other environmental governance layers. This book focuses on global-local linkages and each case highlights different layers of governance and how they do or more likely do not come together to create levels of governance to deal with particular environmental issues. While the nature-society linkages and equity/consumption dimensions are crucial and discussed in later chapters, it is also vital to generate an overview of what governance layers exist or do not exist in bringing together local and global dimensions of tourism and environmental issues. This chapter focuses on formal networks of governance but will also touch upon informal networks and/or the lack of them.
Plasma acylcarnitines during insulin stimulation in humans are reflective of age-related metabolic dysfunction.

The purpose of this study was to determine if plasma acylcarnitine (AC) profiling is altered under hyperinsulinemic conditions as part of the aging process. Fifteen young, lean (19–29 years) and fifteen middle-to older-aged (57–82 years) individuals underwent a 2-hr euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. Plasma samples were obtained at baseline, 20 min, 50 min, and 120 min for analysis of AC species and amino acids. Skeletal muscle biopsies were performed after 60 min of insulin-stimulation for analysis of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation. Insulin infusion decreased the majority of plasma short-, medium-, and long-chain (SC, MC, and LC, respectively) AC. However, during the initial 50 min, a number of MC and LC AC species (C10, C10:1, C12:1, C14, C16, C16:1, C18) remained elevated in aged individuals compared to their younger counterparts indicating a lag in responsiveness. Additionally, the insulin-induced decline in skeletal muscle ACC phosphorylation was blunted in the aged compared to young individuals (−24% vs. −56%, P < 0.05). These data suggest that a desensitization to insulin during aging, possibly at the level of skeletal muscle ACC phosphorylation, results in a diminished ability to transition to glucose oxidation indicative of metabolic inflexibility.
Development of a real time activity monitoring Android application utilizing SmartStep

Footwear based activity monitoring systems are becoming popular in academic research as well as consumer industry segments. In our previous work, we had presented developmental aspects of an insole based activity and gait monitoring system-SmartStep, which is a socially acceptable, fully wireless and versatile insole. The present work describes the development of an Android application that captures the SmartStep data wirelessly over Bluetooth Low energy (BLE), computes features on the received data, runs activity classification algorithms and provides real time feedback. The development of activity classification methods was based on the the data from a human study involving 4 participants. Participants were asked to perform activities of sitting, standing, walking, and cycling while they wore SmartStep insole system. Multinomial Logistic Discrimination (MLD) was utilized in the development of machine learning model for activity prediction. The resulting classification model was implemented in an Android Smartphone. The Android application was benchmarked for power consumption and CPU loading. Leave one out cross validation resulted in average accuracy of 96.9% during model training phase. The Android application for real time activity classification was tested on a human subject wearing SmartStep resulting in testing accuracy of 95.4%.
The Disappearance of the Homemakers Club: A Dilemma for School Leaders

How can we return to a broader notion of education? There is a currently a need to focus on the public purpose of schooling. The notion of leading with public purpose derives from the progressive idea that human beings have bot hthe desire and capacity to make the world a better place. Educational leadership should engage individuals in the educational and civic community and assist in the bettering of public life and public schooling.
Logic-Controlled Radical Polymerization with Heat and Light: Multiple-Stimuli Switching of Polymer Chain Growth via a Recyclable, Thermally Responsive Gel Photoredox Catalyst

Strategies for switching polymerizations between “ON” and “OFF” states offer new possibilities for materials design and fabrication. While switching of controlled radical polymerization has been achieve using light, applied voltage, allosteric effects, chemical reagents, pH, and mechanical force, it is still challenging to introduce multiple external switches using the same catalyst to achieve logic gating of controlled polymerization reactions. Herein, we report an easy-to-synthesize thermally responsive organo-/hydro-gel that features covalently bound 10-phenylphenothiazine (PTH). With this “Gel-PTH”, we demonstrate switching of controlled radical polymerization reactions using temperature “LOW”/“HIGH”, light “ON”/“OFF”, and catalyst presence “IN”/“OUT”. Various iniferters/initiators and a wide range of monomers including acrylates, methacrylates, acrylamides, vinyl esters, and vinyl amides were polymerized by RAFT/iniferter and ATRP methods using Gel-PTH and a readily available compact fluorescent ligh...
Cultural Changes and Food Production

This paper explores the relationship between work-related values and food production modes. Following cultural materialism theory in anthropology, we hypothesize that the collective programming of mind began when humans adopted different methods to produce food. Using food production data in the 1970s and in the 1990s, we found that per capita production of milk was positively related to Hofstede’s individualism and negatively related to power distance. Meanwhile, the production of fruits and vegetables in the 1970s was directly related to uncertainty avoidance. Similar results were found when applying the GLOBE cultural dimensions in the 1990s although technology development and globalization have weakened the relationship between food production and culture. The policy implications of the findings are discussed within the context of globalization of food industry.
The steeper the rise the more you give? Employees' status changes and professional volunteering

Professional volunteering enables employees to contribute their unique professional knowledge and expertise and help other individuals or organizations. In this manuscript, I examine when, why, and...
Solid Organ Transplantation in Patients With a History of Lymphoma

There is an increasing number of long-term survivors of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. These people may have a need for subsequent solid organ transplantation, often as a result of late effects of their lymphoma treatment. There is abundant literature demonstrating that patients with a history of lymphoma are appropriate candidates for solid organ transplantation. Long-term survival without relapse and with a functioning graft is possible. Patients with a history of post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders and patients who have received a prior hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation may also be candidates. Although high-level supporting evidence is not available, most guidelines recommend a waiting period of 2 to 5 years after lymphoma treatment before patients undergo solid organ transplantation. Each patient with a history of lymphoma requires a multidisciplinary approach and should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis before consideration of solid organ transplantation.
Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis of Oral Reading Fluency Predicting Broad Reading Scores

Oral reading fluency was investigated as a predictor of standard scores on the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement III Broad Reading Cluster (BRC). Participants included first- through third-grade students (n = 1301) from elementary schools in and around Houston, Texas. Median words correct per minute scores from three oral reading passages were analyzed as predictors of BRC achievement based on national and local norms using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. ROC analysis provided an area under the curve for all three grades exceeding .88. Higher percentile ranks and cut scores across each grade based on local norms indicate that educators may consider the use of ROC analysis to generate and use screening parameters targeted to their student population’s specific resources and needs.
The Size of the SMC Realm Assessed with the Help of Sampling Theory

Evidence from the use of sampling theory attests that some persons acquire enlarged realms of fibroplastic matrix around the intimai SMC’s as a general property throughout the whole aortic sample space. Furthermore, later intrusion by atheroma seems to favor sites with the most fibroplasia per SMC while tending to avoid sites with many SMC’s.
Stimulus-repsonse psychology and audiovisual education

In summary, this paper has been concerned with the implications of stimulus-response psychology for audiovisual education. Initially, it was pointed out that stimulus-response psychology consists of three separate components: a language system, a methodological orientation, and a group of theories. The language is useful in reducing the complexity of behavior to a set of manageable variables. By representing behavior in an S-R manner, it is possible to cope experimentally with, and ultimately to control it. The problem for the audiovisual educator becomes one of arranging the optimum conditions for the formation of associations between stimuli and responses. Some problems associated with this task were discussed. Particular emphasis was placed upon the strategy of devising fruitful experimental techniques and arranging for the evocation of the appropriate response. It was concluded that audiovisual educational techniques may achieve their greatest productivity when combined with the techniques of teaching machines
Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis: Vertical Isoelectric Focusing.

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) is one of the most powerful tools for separating proteins based on their size and charge. 2-DE is very useful to separate two proteins with identical molecular weights but different charges, which cannot be achieved with just sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Here, a simpler and easier version of 2-DE is presented which is also faster than all the currently available techniques. In this modified version of 2-DE, isoelectric focusing is carried out in the first dimension using a vertical SDS-PAGE apparatus. Following the first-dimensional IEF, each individual lane is excised from the IEF gel and, after a 90° rotation, is inserted into a second-dimensional SDS-PAGE, which can be stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue for protein analysis or immunoblotted for further analysis. This version of IEF can be run in less than 2 h compared to the overnight run required by O'Farrell's method. Difficult tube gel casting and gel extrusion as well as tube gel distortion are eliminated in our method. This method is simpler, faster, and inexpensive. Both dimensions can be done on the same SDS-PAGE apparatus, and up to ten samples can be run simultaneously using one gel.
Comparison of Laparoscopic Versus Open Surgical Management of Morgagni Hernia

Background Morgagni hernias are rare congenital diaphragmatic hernias that often do not become clinically significant until adulthood. The purpose of this study was to characterize the preoperative findings and describe surgical outcomes of Morgagni hernia repair based on operative approach. Methods Charts of patients who underwent repair of a Morgagni hernia were retrospectively reviewed from 1987 to 2015. Medical records were reviewed for demographics, symptoms, comorbidities, surgical approach, hospital course, complications, and preoperative imaging. Results Forty-three cases were identified, 23 male and 20 female. Median age was 50.4 years, and median body mass index was 33.1 kg/m2. Most common presenting symptoms were respiratory (35.7%) and gastrointestinal (28.6%). Although 83.3% of cases were newly diagnosed, none required emergent repair. Preoperative imaging demonstrated an average hernia size of 8.2 cm. Surgical approaches included laparotomy (62.8%), laparoscopic (23.3%), and thoracotomy (14%). Primary hernia repair was most common (72%). Comparing laparotomy, thoracotomy, and laparoscopic approaches, mesh repair was more common with laparoscopy (p = 0.005), operative time was shortest with laparotomy (p = 0.029), and hospital length of stay was shortest with laparoscopy (p = 0.024). The most common complication was incisional/port site hernia, with no statistical significance between surgical approaches. There was one Morgagni hernia recurrence. Conclusions Morgagni hernias often present with respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms and require repair. All cases in our series were repaired electively. Regardless of approach recurrence rate was low (2.3%) and complication rate was similar between laparoscopic, laparotomy, and thoracotomy. Given the shorter length of stay with similar recurrence rates, a laparoscopic approach is a viable option for repair of Morgagni hernia.
Effects of obesity on burn resuscitation.

Abstract The effects of obesity on resuscitation after severe burn are not well understood. Formulas to calculate 24-h resuscitation volumes incorporate body weight, which in obese patients often leads to excessive fluid administration and potential complications such as pulmonary edema, extremity or abdominal compartment syndrome, and longer mechanical ventilation. We evaluated the impact of obesity on 24-h fluid resuscitation after severe burn using a cohort of 145 adults admitted to the burn ICU from January 2014 to March 2017 with >20% total body surface area burns. Patients were divided into four groups based on body mass index: normal weight (index of 40). Median total body surface area burn was 39.4% (interquartile range: 23.5%–49.5%). Patients were 74.5% male and demographics and injury characteristics were similar across groups. Resuscitation volumes exceeded the predicted Parkland formula volume in the normal and overweight groups but were less than predicted in the obese and morbidly obese categories (p
Roles of Hydration and Magnetism on the Structure of Ferrihydrite from First Principles

We report density functional theory calculations aimed at predicting thermodynamically stable structures for ferrihydrite across a range of possible compositions determined by the amount of structural water. Based on an assumed formula unit of Fe5O8H + nH2O, we performed ab initio calculations with evolutionary searching to find the lowest enthalpy structures as a function of the water content up to n = 2. This is the most exhaustive search for the ferrihydrite structure conducted so far; more than 5000 unique configurations were generated and evaluated over five states of hydration. Among them, the Michel akdaliate model was generated, along with several energetically comparable new structures at higher states of hydration. However, a direct comparison between calculated and experimental pair distribution function and X-ray diffraction patterns for the 50 lowest energy structures shows that none beyond the Michel model could be associated with ferrihydrite. Nevertheless, this energetically comparable str...
A Cross-Cultural and Liberative Hermeneutics of Luke 10:25–37 in Asian and Asian-American Perspective: Reading One Text through the Two Lenses1:

The methodological reading of the Lukan parable reveals some contrasts. While Asian liberationists see the victim in the parable as the primary agent who embodies Jesus Christ, Asian theologians wh...
Brief Report: Me, Reporting on Myself: Preliminary Evaluation of the Criterion-Related Validity of the Theory of Mind Inventory-2 when Completed by Autistic Young Adults

There is a need for increased understanding of self-report measures for autistic individuals. In this preliminary study, we examine how a theory of mind self-report relates to other self-report measures for groups of autistic and neurotypical individuals, as well as eye tracking outcomes. Expected patterns of relatedness emerged between self-reports and the eye tracking findings, which lends validity to the theory of mind measure. Self-report measures are critical for autistic individuals to share their own experiences and this is the first step in establishing a theory of mind self-report tool.
Cases of Censorship in Public Libraries: Wichita Falls, TX

ABSTRACTIn 2000, city residents of Wichita Falls, Texas, who were members of a church sought removal of the two children’s books Heather Has Two Mommies and Daddy’s Roommate from the children’s sec...
The Central Bank of Japan

Established in June 1882, under the Bank of]apan Act, the Bank of]apan (BoJ) has been operational since October 10, 1882. The Bank of Japan, which is the central bank of Japan, was established in response to (a) the 1868 Meiji Restoration which led towards the country’s industrialization; and (b) the failure of the existing banking system, which mirrored the United States' banking system.55
Modulation of Hyperoxia-induced TNF-α Expression in the Newborn Rat Lung by Thalidomide and Dexamethasone

The effect of high oxygen concentrations on lungs of neonatal rats was studied. In addition, some oxygen-exposed animals were treated with either dexamethasone or thalidomide. No gross histologic changes were noted in the lungs following exposure to 95% oxygen nor were there changes in the total number or the phenotypic distribution of BAL cells obtained from these lungs compared to lungs from air exposed (control) neonatal rats. The majority of the BAL cells were CD45+ leukocytes (macrophages). However, when BAL cells were exposed to LPS in vitro, TNF-α production was higher in cells from rats exposed to 95% oxygen compared to cells from rats exposed to ambient air. In addition, lung TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA levels were increased after exposure to 95% oxygen. In the lungs of animals treated with either dexamethasone or thalidomide, TNF-α mRNA levels were reduced, while only dexamethasone treatment also reduced IL-6 mRNA levels.
i N RACM: incorporating 15 N into the Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism (RACM) for assessing the role photochemistry plays in controlling the isotopic composition of NO x , NO y , and atmospheric nitrate

Abstract. Nitrogen oxides, classified as NOx (nitric oxide (NO) + nitrogen dioxide (NO2)) and NOy (NOx + NO3, N2O5 HNO3, + HNO4 + HONO + Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) + organic nitrates + any oxidized N compound), are important trace gases in the troposphere, which play an important role in the formation of ozone, particulate matter (PM), and secondary organic aerosols (SOA). Among many uncertainties in movement of atmospheric N compounds, nowadays understanding of NOy cycling is limited by NOx emission budget, unresolved issues within the heterogeneous uptake coefficients of N2O5, the formation of organic nitrates in urban forests, etc. A photochemical mechanism used to simulate tropospheric photochemistry was altered to include 15N compounds and reactions as a means to simulate δ15N values in NOy compounds. The 16 N compounds and 96 reactions involving N used in Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism (RACM) were replicated using 15N in a new mechanism called iNRACM. The 192 N reactions in iNRACM were tested to see if isotope effects were relevant with respect to significantly changing the δ15N values (±1 ‰) of NOx, HONO, and/or HNO3. The isotope fractionation factors (α) for relevant reactions were assigned based on recent experimental or calculated values. Each relevant reaction in the iNRACM mechanism was tested individually and in concert in order to assess the controlling reactions. The final mechanism was tested by running simulations under different conditions that are typical of pristine, rural, urban, and highly polluted environments. The results of these simulations predicted several interesting δ15N variations.
Cytoreductive Surgery for Selected Patients Whose Metastatic Gastric Cancer was Treated with Systemic Chemotherapy

The authors hypothesized that cytoreductive surgery (CRS, comprising gastrectomy combined with metastasectomy) in addition to systemic chemotherapy (SC) is associated with a better survival than chemotherapy alone for patients with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma (MGA). Patients with MGA who received SC between 2004 and 2016 were identified using the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Nearest-neighbor 1:1 propensity score-matching was used to create comparable groups. Overall survival (OS) was compared between subgroups using Kaplan–Meier analyses. Immortal bias analysis was performed among those who survived longer than 90 days. The study identified 29,728 chemotherapy-treated patients, who were divided into the following four subgroups: no surgery (NS, n = 25,690), metastasectomy alone (n = 1170), gastrectomy alone (n = 2248), and CRS (n = 620) with median OS periods of 8.6, 10.9, 14.8, and 16.3 months, respectively (p < 0.001). Compared with the patients who underwent NS, the patients who had CRS were younger (58.9 ± 13.4 vs 62.0 ± 13.1 years), had a lower proportion of disease involving multiple sites (4.6% vs 19.1%), and were more likely to be clinically occult (cM0 stage: 59.2% vs 8.3%) (p < 0.001 for all). The median OS for the propensity-matched patients who underwent CRS (n = 615) was longer than for those with NS (16.4 vs 9.3 months; p < 0.001), including in those with clinical M1 stage (n = 210). In the Cox regression model using the matched data, the hazard ratio for CRS versus NS was 0.56 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49–0.63). In the immortal-matched cohort, the corresponding median OS was 17.0 versus 9.5 months (p < 0.001). In addition to SC, CRS may be associated with an OS benefit for a selected group of MGA patients meriting further prospective investigation.
Evidence-to-decision frameworks: a review and analysis to inform decision-making for environmental health interventions

Background Evidence-to-decision (EtD) frameworks provide a structured and transparent approach for groups of experts to use when formulating recommendations or making decisions. While extensively used for clinical and public health recommendations, EtD frameworks are not in widespread use in environmental health. Objectives This review sought to identify, compare and contrast key EtD frameworks for decisions or recommendations on interventions used in clinical medicine, public health or environmental health. Our goal was to identify best practices and guidance which will be used to inform the development of an EtD framework for formulating recommendations regarding interventions to prevent or mitigate the harmful effects of exposure to substances in the environment. Methods We identified a convenience sample of EtD frameworks used by a range of organizations. We searched Medline for systematic reviews of EtD frameworks used in clinical medicine, and public or environmental health. In a qualitative manner, we summarized the decision criteria in the selected frameworks and in the reviews. Results Fourteen key organizations provided 18 EtD frameworks; most frameworks focused on clinical medicine or public health interventions; four focused on environmental health and three on economic considerations. Only one framework was based on an underlying conceptual model, and rarely was a systematic review of potential criteria performed during the frameworks development. GRADE encompasses a set of closely related frameworks for different types of decisions. Harms of interventions were examined in all frameworks and benefits in all but one. Other criteria included certainty of the body of evidence (15 frameworks), resource considerations (15), feasibility (13), equity (12), values (11), acceptability (11), and human rights (2). There was variation in how specific criteria were defined. The five identified systematic reviews reported a similar spectrum of EtD criteria. Discussion The EtD frameworks examined encompassed similar criteria, with tailoring to specific audience needs. However, there is variation in development processes, terminology, level of detail provided and presentation of the criteria. Existing frameworks are a useful starting point for development of one tailored to decision-making in environmental health.
Unlocking pan-neuronal expression in mosquitoes

The ability to express a gene in all neurons is a crucial tool for studying the nervous system. Zhao et al., 2021 unlock genetic access to all neurons in mosquitoes by generating the first pan-neuronal transgenes in this non-model insect.
Navigating the Challenges of the Multi-Phase Thru-Hiking Experience

Thru-hiking is an immersive recreational activity that involves hiking over long periods and often traversing thousands of miles of trail across multiple states. This unique recreation activity is growing rapidly, yet there are limited studies in the outdoor recreation field about the short- and long-term challenges and how individuals navigate challenges during the different phases of the thru-hike experience. To better understand the multiple phases of the thru-hiking experience, this study focused on the thru-hikers of the Pacific Northwest National Scenic Trail (PNNST). Multi-phase semi-structured interviews were conducted with PNNST thru-hikers before their hike (anticipation phase), directly after completion (on-site phase), and two months after completion (recollection phase). The research illuminated the importance of physical and psychological preparation, how thru-hikers navigated challenges while hiking, and how hikers transitioned to everyday life. These findings contribute to the outdoor recreation field’s understanding of the unique aspects of thru-hiking as a recreational activity and can inform management practices to support a positive, safe, and transformational experience across the different phases of recreation. Subscribe to JOREL
Shifting Politics, Shifting Interpretations: The State of Social Media Use Under the Nlra

The technological innovations of the 21st century have transformed the ways we communicate, with the internet evolving over the last several decades to become a dominant medium for social interaction in the modern age. As a result of this evolution, the advent of social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn and many others have created a system where users have more tools and opportunities to interact with each other in a manner that is both widely distributed and publicly accessible. Moreover, given the recent pandemic, reliance on technology has become the norm as the world grapples with moving business forward in a locked down or semi-locked down world. The public nature and widespread popularity of social media platforms have created opportunities and challenges in all aspects of societal institutions, and the law is no exception. As social media platforms continue to evolve, new legal questions become apparent in areas such as, privacy, security, contracts, defamation, and the topic of particular interest in this paper, employment law. This paper explores the use of social media in the employment context and how rulings by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) have affected how companies can address issues raised by employees in social media. Significantly, this paper introduces those involved in human resource management to the previously unknown issue of potential legal liability through the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) for social media use in the selection process for job applicants. Finally, the paper briefly discusses how NLRB decisions have become a political football, thus creating tremendous uncertainly for both employees and employers.
Gender Equity of Promoting Practices in Academic Neurosurgery in the United States.

Abstract: Background Women have historically been underrepresented in academic medicine, particularly in surgical subspecialties. This study investigates potential associations between gender and promoting practices in academic neurosurgery. Methods Faculty data including time from residency, professorship, specialty, and h-index were obtained from websites of the institutions listed in the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) Neurosurgical Residency Training Program Directory. Demographics, training, and appointments were compared between male and female neurosurgeons. Predictors of professorship, chair, directorship, and division leadership were identified using multivariable models. Results 1629 faculty members were examined. Women were more likely to be assistant professors(p Conclusions While significantly more men hold leadership positions in United States academic institutions, after controlling for contributing variables there did not appear to be an association between gender and full professorship, division leadership, chair, or program directorship in academic neurosurgery. While our field still has significant work to do to achieve gender equity, these results may serve as encouragement to women who are looking to advance their careers in academic neurosurgery.
Creating a Harm Reduction Plan

Once the clinician has assessed harm potential, engaged the client in the HR process, and developed a HR team and engaged these team members in the HR process, the clinician now puts these pieces together to create a harm reduction (HR) plan for the client with severe hoarding. The first step to create a HR plan is to identify effective harm reduction targets. The chapter begins with a description of the role of effective HR targets in the ongoing management of severe hoarding and then describes the central features of effective HR targets. The chapter describes the process of identifying effective HR targets that will appear in the HR plan for the client with severe hoarding. The chapter describes the benefits and process of formalizing the plan in a HR agreement. This is an important step, and the chapter presents guidelines for creating and formalizing the HR agreement, including discussing with the client the rationale for a formal HR agreement. The chapter concludes with examples of HR agreements for clients with severe hoarding across a range of harm potentials and complexities.
Late Quaternary relative sea level in Southern California and Monterey Bay

Abstract Few records of late Quaternary relative sea level (RSL) are available for the Pacific coast of North America south of San Francisco Bay, a region where RSL data would be particularly useful for constraining vertical rates of tectonic motion. This paper provides the first regional, uplift-corrected late Quaternary RSL history for southern California derived from a compilation of 132 previously published and unpublished radiocarbon ages from nearshore, estuarine, and freshwater deposits in sediment cores from coastal southern California. We also provide a local, uplift-corrected RSL history for Monterey Bay, central California, generated from 48 radiocarbon ages from Elkhorn Slough and surrounding environments. Our resulting compilations show rapid sea-level rise from 15 ka which begins to decelerate to present mean sea level (PMSL) between 6 and 8 ka. Late Holocene (
A conceptual model and predicate language for data selection and projection based on provenance

Writing relational database queries over current provenance databases can be complex and error-prone because application data is typically mixed with provenance data, because queries may require recursion, and because the form in which provenance is maintained requires procedural parsing not easily framed in query syntax. As a result, it is often difficult to write queries that select (rows or columns of) data based on provenance. In this paper, we contribute a conceptual model and a predicate language for use in relational algebra that allows the user to write simple, nonrecursive queries to select data and attributes based on provenance. Our model also includes novel data and provenance features, including multi-valued attributes, that are useful for data curation settings. We show that our predicate language supports a broad class of queries that select application data based on provenance. We also show how selection of data with our language extensions can be emulated with an existing graph database system and its associated query language.
Direction of unsaturated flow in a homogeneous and isotropic hillslope

[1] The distribution of soil moisture in a homogeneous and isotropic hillslope is a transient, variably saturated physical process controlled by rainfall characteristics, hillslope geometry, and the hydrological properties of the hillslope materials. The major driving mechanisms for moisture movement are gravity and gradients in matric potential. The latter is solely controlled by gradients of moisture content. In a homogeneous and isotropic saturated hillslope, absent a gradient in moisture content and under the driving force of gravity with a constant pressure boundary at the slope surface, flow is always in the lateral downslope direction, under either transient or steady state conditions. However, under variably saturated conditions, both gravity and moisture content gradients drive fluid motion, leading to complex flow patterns. In general, the flow field near the ground surface is variably saturated and transient, and the direction of flow could be laterally downslope, laterally upslope, or vertically downward. Previous work has suggested that prevailing rainfall conditions are sufficient to completely control these flow regimes. This work, however, shows that under time-varying rainfall conditions, vertical, downslope, and upslope lateral flow can concurrently occur at different depths and locations within the hillslope. More importantly, we show that the state of wetting or drying in a hillslope defines the temporal and spatial regimes of flow and when and where laterally downslope and/or laterally upslope flow occurs.
Occlusal fissures of the equine cheek tooth: Prevalence, location and association with disease in 91 horses referred for dental investigation

Summary Reason for performing study: Fissures of the occlusal surface of the equine cheek tooth are poorly understood and their association with dental disease is unknown. Objective: To describe the prevalence and location of occlusal fissures in the cheek teeth (CT) of a group of horses referred for dental investigation/treatment, and determine association with intercurrent dental disease. Methods: Digital video recordings of oral endoscopic examinations for all horses referred to the Rossdales Equine Hospital for dental investigation from November 2006 to June 2009 were reviewed. Location of occlusal fissures in relation to both Triadan tooth position and pulpar secondary dentine was recorded; direction of fissure and concurrent involvement of enamel was also documented. The CT location considered at the time of examination to be the primary site/s of disease was correlated with presence of fissures on these teeth. Results: 91 cases meeting the inclusion criteria were identified. Occlusal fissures were documented in 58.2% (53/91) cases, with a total of 227 CT being affected. Fissures were most prevalent mid-arcade. The majority (92.1%) of fissures in maxillary CT were associated with the caudal palatal pulp horn. Fissures in mandibular CT were predominantly associated with the buccal pulp horns (95.7%). There was no significant difference in the median number of CT with fissures in relation to gender. There was no correlation between age (r2= 0.01) of horse and number of CT with fissures. A significantly greater number of CT with multiple occlusal fissures was found in mandibular compared to maxillary arcades. No correlation was found between presence of fissures and location of individual CT considered to be primarily responsible for presentation. Conclusions: Occlusal fissures in this group of animals were common and not correlated to primary site of dental disease. Potential relevance: In horses subjected to dental investigation, occlusal fissures of the cheek teeth should not be considered an indicator of tooth compromise. Location and direction of fissure propagation in most cases is inconsistent with occlusal fissures being causally implicated in slab fractures of cheek teeth, although site predilection may indicate a possible association with masticatory forces.
O que está acontecendo com a pesquisa sobre cidades mundiais

Research on world cities, dominating the 1990s, was more about cities, less about the world. Reversing that order, this paper asks to what extent the "world city paradigm" still has validity today. Rather than focusing on economic and business-related criteria in examining and assessing world city development (as is frequently the norm), the paper looks particularly at historical and cultural factors. Using the example of London, it shows how historical postcolonial connections with India continue to influence the everyday fortune of the contemporary city.
CCD Imaging of Planetary Nebula Halos

We have obtained deep CCD images of 14 PN to search for and examine faint halos. These images were obtained with Hβ, [OIII], Hα, and [NII] narrowband interference filters on the Burrell Schmidt at Kitt Peak. Table 1 summarizes the observations. We have found interesting features around NGC 1360, NGC 3587 (The Owl), and NGC 6853 (The Dumbbell), and we have obtained new images of the very faint outer halo of NGC 7293 (The Helix). Two CCDs were used: TI6, an 800×800 chip, with 1.45”/pix and a 19.3 arcmin square field., and ST2K, a 2048×2048 chip, of which only 1200×1200 pixels were read out, yielding 2.07”/pix and a 40 arcmin square field.
Robust real-time constrained hearing aid arrays

The paper addresses the implementation of a real-time, robust, adaptive spatial filter used as a preprocessor for a monaural hearing aid. The goal of the ongoing study is the development of a processor that provides the user spatial selectivity and an attenuation of undesired interfering sources, while robustly controlling the response to a desired source. A four microphone, real-time, robust processor has been implemented and preliminary results are discussed in terms of improvement in SNR and an intelligibility measure. >
Inside‐out Z rings – constriction with and without GTP hydrolysis

The bacterial tubulin homologue FtsZ forms a ring-like structure called the Z ring that drives cytokinesis. We showed previously that FtsZ-YFP-mts, which has a short amphipathic helix (mts) on its C terminus that inserts into the membrane, can assemble contractile Z rings in tubular liposomes without any other protein. Here we study mts-FtsZ-YFP, where the membrane tether is switched to the opposite side of the protofilament. This assembled 'inside-out' Z rings that wrapped around the outside surface of tubular liposomes. The inside-out Z rings were highly dynamic, and generated a constriction force that squeezed the tubular liposomes from outside. This is consistent with models where the constriction force is generated by curved protofilaments bending the membrane. We used this system to test how GTP hydrolysis by FtsZ is involved in Z-ring constriction. Without GTP hydrolysis, Z rings could still assemble and generate an initial constriction. However, the constriction quickly stopped, suggesting that Z rings became rigidly stabilized in the absence of GTP hydrolysis. We propose that remodelling of the Z ring, mediated by GTP hydrolysis and exchange of subunits, is necessary for the continuous constriction.
Effects of Cryopreservation on Canine Multipotent Stromal Cells from Subcutaneous and Infrapatellar Adipose Tissue

Adipose derived multipotent stromal cells (ASCs) isolated from brown versus white adipose tissues, may have distinct in vitro properties, including response to cryopreservation, due to differences in tissue physiology. This study was designed to determine the ultrastructure, immunophenotype, in vitro expansion capabilities and multipotentiality of paired canine ASCs harvested from subcutaneous (SUB) and infrapatellar (IFP) adipose tissue up to cell passage (P) 3 before and after cryopreservation. Adipocyte and ASC ultrastructure from the same tissue were distinct, and morphologies of both differed between tissue sources and with cryopreservation. Cell expansion and colony forming unit frequencies were similar between ASCs from both tissue sources before and after cryopreservation. Most fresh cells were CD29+, CD44+, CD90+ and CD34- up to P3. Cryopreserved P1 and P3 cells had lower percentages of CD29+ and 44+ cells, respectively, compared to fresh. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) gene expression and sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), CD29 and CD44 protein expression was lower in cryopreserved versus fresh P3 ASCs. Both PPAR-γ and osteopontin (OPN) protein expression increased in fresh and cryopreserved P3 ASCs cultured in adipogenic and osteogenic induction medium, respectively, while SOX2 decreased. Based on the study findings, in vitro expansion and multipotentiality are not distinct among canine SUB and IFP ASCs before or after cryopreservation. However, cryopreservation alters ASC ultrastructure, immunophenotype and transcription factor expression from both tissue sources. Future studies are necessary to determine the impact of cryopreservation on cell potential for therapy and de novo tissue generation.
Complex catalysts from self-repairing ensembles to highly reactive air-based oxidation systems

Abstract Progress in four interrelated catalysis research efforts in our laboratory are summarized: (1) catalytic photochemical functionalization of unactivated C–H bonds by polyoxometalates (POMs); (2) self-repairing catalysts; (3) catalysts for air-based oxidations under ambient conditions; and (4) terminal oxo complexes of the late-transition metal elements and their oxidation chemistry.
Structural characterization of BPI-modulating 15 kDa proteins from rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes: Identification of a novel family of leukocyte proteins

We have previously described the isolation and initial characterization of 15 kDa protein isoforms (p15s) from rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) that bind toEscherichia coli and modulate the antibacterial actions of other leukocyte proteins on this gram negative organism. We now report that the p15s differ in primary structure. The cloning and sequencing of two distinct p15 cDNAs from a rabbit bone marrow library reveal that two of the isoforms are closely similar in primary structure differing at only two amino acid positions. The p15 cDNAs encode putative signal sequences suggesting a granule-associated localization for these proteins. Analysis of the derived p15 primary structures reveals homology to two leukocyte proteins: CAP-18, an 18 kD lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding protein from rabbit PMN and cathelin, an 11 kD cysteine protease inhibitor from porcine leukocytes. This structural similarity suggests the existence of a novel family of low molecular weight leukocyte proteins with potential roles in inflammation.
Experimental sink removal induces stress responses, including shifts in amino acid and phenylpropanoid metabolism, in soybean leaves

The repeated removal of flower, fruit, or vegetative buds is a common treatment to simulate sink limitation. These experiments usually lead to the accumulation of specific proteins, which are degraded during later stages of seed development, and have thus been designated as vegetative storage proteins. We used oligonucleotide microarrays to assess global effects of sink removal on gene expression patterns in soybean leaves and found an induction of the transcript levels of hundreds of genes with putative roles in the responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, these data sets indicated potential changes in amino acid and phenylpropanoid metabolism. As a response to sink removal we detected an induced accumulation of γ-aminobutyric acid, while proteinogenic amino acid levels decreased. We also observed a shift in phenylpropanoid metabolism with an increase in isoflavone levels, concomitant with a decrease in flavones and flavonols. Taken together, we provide evidence that sink removal leads to an up-regulation of stress responses in distant leaves, which needs to be considered as an unintended consequence of this experimental treatment.