cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Love Slaves and Wonder Women: Radical Feminism and Social Reform in the Psychology of William Moulton Marston

In contemporary histories of psychology, William Moulton Marston is remembered for helping develop the lie detector test. He is better remembered in the history of popular culture for creating the comic book superhero Wonder Woman. In his time, however, he contributed to psychological research in deception, basic emotions, abnormal psychology, sexuality, and consciousness. He was also a radical feminist with connections to women's rights movements. Marston's work is an instructive case for philosophers of science on the relation between science and values. Although Marston's case provides further evidence of the role that feminist values can play in scientific work, it also poses challenges to philosophical accounts of value-laden science. Marston's work exemplifies standard views about feminist value-laden research in that his feminist values help him both to criticize the research of others and create novel psychological concepts and research techniques. His scientific work includes an account of the nature of psycho-emotional health that leads to normative conclusions for individual values and conduct and for society and culture, a direction of influence that is relatively under-theorized in the literature. To understand and evaluate Marston's work requires an approach that treats science and values as mutually influencing; it also requires that we understand the relationship between science advising and political advocacy in value-laden science.
Lost in explanation: Lessons learned from audio-recordings and surveys of the antenatal consultation.

Objective Determine content of antenatal prematurity consultations and identify factors associated with satisfaction. Design This is an observational study of consultations for possible preterm delivery. Consultations were audio-recorded and analyzed. Parents and physicians were surveyed post-consultation. Results We analyzed 17 audio-recordings. Mean gestation was 28 weeks. Frequency of topics discussed were: antenatal steroids 82%, intubation 82%, breast milk 76%, time in NICU 65%, development 59%, and survival 53%. Parents frequently asked about length of hospitalization stay, feeding, and separation concerns. Parents' greatest fears were developmental problems, survival, separation from baby, infant health, and length of hospitalization. The parent satisfaction score was 8.9, and physician satisfaction score was 4.8 on a ten-point scale. No factors were found to be associated with satisfaction. Physicians felt 82% of consultations could be improved. Conclusions In consultations for possible preterm delivery, physicians discussed resuscitation details and initial neonatal care. Parental greatest fears involved more global issues. Despite content variability, parents were highly satisfied. No specific factors (such as topics discussed or length of consultation) were found to be statistically associated with parent satisfaction. Physicians were less satisfied. Providing too much/too little information was a repeated physician concern.
Refinement in Patient Selection to Reduce Treatment-Related Mortality From Stem Cell Transplantation in Amyloidosis

Abstract 599 Purpose: This study was undertaken to develop selection guidelines for transplant centers to determine eligibility for stem cell transplantation in patients with light chain amyloidosis. Patients and Methods: Patients with biopsy-confirmed immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis who underwent stem cell transplantation between March 8, 1996, and December 31, 2011, were reviewed in 2 cohorts: those who underwent transplantation between March 8, 1996, and June 30, 2009, and those who underwent transplantation between July 1, 2009, and December 31, 2011 (table 1). A second comparison was undertaken among patients who died before posttransplant day 100 to determine features predictive of early death (table 2). Results: A total of 499 patients were identified, 410 in the earlier group and 89 in the later group. After July 1, 2009, significantly fewer transplant recipients had Mayo stage III cardiac involvement. Mortality before posttransplant day 100 was 10.5% (43/410) in the earlier group and 1.1% (1/89) in the later group. In the earlier group, one-quarter of transplant recipients with N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels higher than 5,000 pg/mL died by 10.3 months (fig 1, left). When the serum troponin T level was > 0.06 ng/mL, 25% died at 3.7 months (fig 2, right). Conclusion: The Mayo staging system is highly predictive for overall survival but not useful for selecting transplant recipients. Patients with serum troponin T levels higher than 0.06 ng/mL or NT-proBNP levels >5,000 pg/mL (not on dialysis) should not be considered acceptable candidates for stem cell transplantation because of unacceptable early mortality. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Abstract WP153: Establishing Kinimatic Age-referenced Normative Values of the Upper Extremity Using the InMotion 2 Robot

Introduction: The use of technology in stroke rehabilitation is growing rapidly. Upper extremity robotic devices provide both therapeutic intervention as well as objective kinematic assessment to e...
Evaluating snapping-to-photos virtual travel interfaces for 3D reconstructed visual reality

Navigating through a virtual, 3D reconstructed scene has recently become very important in many applications. A popular approach is to virtually travel to the photos used in reconstructing the scene; such an approach may be generally termed a "snapping-to-photos" virtual travel interface. While previous work has either used fully constrained interfaces (always at the photos) or minimally constrained interfaces (free-flight navigation), in this paper we introduce new snapping-to-photos interfaces that lie in between these two extremes. Our snapping-to-photos interfaces snap the view to a photo in 3D based on viewpoint similarity and optionally the user's mouse cursor or finger-tap position. Experimental results, with both indoor and outdoor scene reconstructions, found that our snapping-to-photos interfaces are preferred over the baseline fully constrained-to-photos interface, that there exist differences between indoor and outdoor scenes, and that users preferred and were able to reach target photos better with click-to-snap point-of-interest snapping compared to automatic point-of-view snapping.
Avocado Diseases of Major Importance Worldwide and their Management

Avocado fruit has become one of the most sought after food sources worldwide. It is a nutritious source of food and is part of the staple diet of many people in third world countries where it is cultivated and where it is native. Avocado is a specialty fruit, produced on a large scale in more than 30 countries around the world and because of its appeal, it is an industry that continues to grow. It is a very lucrative industry, and with over production growers have been forced to develop overseas markets, however, the competition on these markets is very intense and growers have to ensure that their fruit are of the highest quality, unblemished and disease-free. Production costs are very high owing to the cultural requirements of the avocado tree and the presence of diseases, which can be major limiting factors to production. Phytophthora root rot, caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi, is such a disease. During the developmental stages of the fruit in the orchard and at harvesting, the fruit is also exposed to diseases such as scab (Sphaceloma persea), anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) and Cercospora spot (Pseudocercospora purpurea), which result in unsightly blemishes or the development of post-harvest decay; both of which are unacceptable on the export market. The objective of this chapter is two-fold: firstly, to describe the most important diseases of avocado which may be encountered in different parts of the world, and secondly, to discuss current disease management strategies used to reduce the effects of these diseases, on tree health, longevity, fruit production and fruit quality.
Vectorized Computation of Reactive Flow

Publisher Summary Large-scale computational simulations of physical systems have become a valuable adjunct to theoretical and experimental research efforts in the physical and chemical sciences. They are essential because the computer allows solution of problems not soluble by other methods. The use of detailed modeling in conjunction with theory and experiment has reduced the cost and increased the effectiveness and predictability of research project management. This chapter discusses a number of the decisions that a modeler must make to optimize his efforts on a reactive flow simulation project. It explains the choices that are available from the perspectives of program efficiency, flexibility, reliability, accuracy, and lead time to results. The chapter focuses on the vectorized computation of reactive flows. There are five uses for modeling in research and development programs in general, and in the reactive flow modeling in particular. These uses are (1) to evaluate concepts, (2) to interpret measurements, (3) to extrapolate parameters, (4) to calibrate understanding, and (5) in engineering design.
Learning a Local-Variable Model of Aromatic and Conjugated Systems

A collection of new approaches to building and training neural networks, collectively referred to as deep learning, are attracting attention in theoretical chemistry. Several groups aim to replace computationally expensive ab initio quantum mechanics calculations with learned estimators. This raises questions about the representability of complex quantum chemical systems with neural networks. Can local-variable models efficiently approximate nonlocal quantum chemical features? Here, we find that convolutional architectures, those that only aggregate information locally, cannot efficiently represent aromaticity and conjugation in large systems. They cannot represent long-range nonlocality known to be important in quantum chemistry. This study uses aromatic and conjugated systems computed from molecule graphs, though reproducing quantum simulations is the ultimate goal. This task, by definition, is both computable and known to be important to chemistry. The failure of convolutional architectures on this foc...
Esophageal Cancer Surgery: Spontaneous Centralization in the US Contributed to Reduce Mortality Without Causing Health Disparities.

Improvement in mortality has been shown for esophagectomies performed at high-volume centers. This study aimed to determine if centralization of esophageal cancer surgery occurred in the US, and to establish its impact on postoperative mortality. In addition, we aimed to analyze the relationship between regionalization of cancer care and health disparities. A retrospective population-based analysis was performed using the National Inpatient Sample for the period 2000–2014. Adult patients (≥ 18 years of age) diagnosed with esophageal cancer and who underwent esophagectomy were included. Yearly hospital volume was categorized as low ( 20 procedures). Multivariable analyses on the potential effect of hospital volume on patient outcomes were performed, and the yearly rate of esophagectomies was estimated using Poisson regression. A total of 5235 patients were included. Esophagectomy at low- [odds ratio (OR) 2.17] and intermediate-volume (OR 1.62) hospitals, compared with high-volume hospitals, was associated with a significant increase in mortality. The percentage of esophagectomies performed at high-volume centers significantly increased during the study period (29.2–68.5%; p < 0.0001). The trend towards high-volume hospitals was different among the different US regions: South (7.7–54.3%), West (15.0–67.6%), Midwest (37.3–67.7%), and Northeast (55.8–86.8%) [p < 0.0001]. Overall, the mortality rate of esophagectomy dropped from 10.0 to 3.5% (p = 0.006), with non-White race, public insurance, and low household income patients also showing a significant reduction in mortality. A spontaneous centralization for esophageal cancer surgery occurred in the US. This process was associated with a decrease in the mortality rate, without contributing to health disparities.
Characteristics and experiences of buprenorphine-naloxone use among polysubstance users.

ABSTRACTBackground: With a rise in overdoses and medical emergencies related to opioids, buprenorphine-naloxone (bup-nx) is seen as a preferred treatment for opioid dependence. However, the researc...
Testing a mindset intervention as a resilience factor among Latino/a students in science

ABSTRACTLatinos/as experience underachievement and underrepresentation in science. Mindset beliefs contribute to positive academic outcomes among students generally, but are understudied among Lati...
Assessing the clinical feasibility of implementing a novel assessment of frailty: The electronic Rapid Fitness Assessment in diverse thoracic surgery clinics.

e21687Background: The American College of Surgeons and American Geriatrics Society recommend a geriatric/frailty assessment (GA) in the preoperative evaluation. We previously reported the developme...
Structural basis for targeting avian sarcoma virus Gag polyprotein to the plasma membrane for virus assembly.

For most retroviruses, including HIV-1, binding of the Gag polyprotein to the plasma membrane (PM) is mediated by interactions between Gag's N-terminal myristoylated matrix (MA) domain and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) in the PM. The Gag protein of avian sarcoma virus (ASV) lacks the N-myristoylation signal but contains structural domains having functions similar to those of HIV-1 Gag. The molecular mechanism by which ASV Gag binds to the PM is incompletely understood. Here, we employed NMR techniques to elucidate the molecular determinants of the membrane-binding domain of ASV MA (MA87) to lipids and liposomes. We report that MA87 binds to the polar head of phosphoinositides such as PI(4,5)P2. We found that MA87 binding to inositol phosphates (IPs) is significantly enhanced by increasing the number of phosphate groups, indicating that the MA87–IP binding is governed by charge–charge interactions. Using a sensitive NMR-based liposome-binding assay, we show that binding of MA87 to liposomes is enhanced by incorporation of PI(4,5)P2 and phosphatidylserine. We also show that membrane binding is mediated by a basic surface formed by Lys-6, Lys-13, Lys-23, and Lys-24. Substitution of these residues to glutamate abolished binding of MA87 to both IPs and liposomes. In an accompanying paper, we further report that mutation of these lysine residues diminishes Gag assembly on the PM and inhibits ASV particle release. These findings provide a molecular basis for ASV Gag binding to the inner leaflet of the PM and advance our understanding of the basic mechanisms of retroviral assembly.
Transatlantic Trade Negotiatons, Civil Society Campaigns and Public Opinion

The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) constitutes an attempt to improve job creation and boost the economies on both sides of the Atlantic by eliminating tariffs and reducing other trade barriers, including many regulatory differences. Economic benefits and standard-setting impacts notwithstanding, politics, and perceptions of acceptability, not economics, will determine the agreement’s fate, thus making constituency support necessary for treaty ratification. This chapter looks at how anti-TTIP civil society organizations have executed an extensive, often professionally structured, and highly influential mobilization against TTIP. Pan-European civil society organizations’ activities impacted public opinion across Europe, which in turn impacted governments’ positions, the Commission’s trade policies, and textual proposals for TTIP.
WashU Epigenome Browser update 2019.

The WashU Epigenome Browser (https://epigenomegateway.wustl.edu/) provides visualization, integration and analysis tools for epigenomic datasets. Since 2010, it has provided the scientific community with data from large consortia including the Roadmap Epigenomics and the ENCODE projects. Recently, we refactored the codebase, redesigned the user interface, and developed various novel features. New features include: (i) visualization using virtual reality (VR), which has implications in biology education and the study of 3D chromatin structure; (ii) expanded public data hubs, including data from the 4DN, ENCODE, Roadmap Epigenomics, TaRGET, IHEC and TCGA consortia; (iii) a more responsive user interface; (iv) a history of interactions, which enables undo and redo; (v) a feature we call Live Browsing, which allows multiple users to collaborate remotely on the same session; (vi) the ability to visualize local tracks and data hubs. Amazon Web Services also hosts the redesign at https://epigenomegateway.org/.
Turbulence and Thermal Structure in the Upper Ocean: Turbulence-Resolving Simulations

The upper layer of the ocean participates directly in the exchange of momentum, heat and moisture with the atmosphere. We consider three examples of upper-ocean flow and heat transfer in the present contribution. These examples range from the canonical problem of a stratified shear layer to the surface boundary layer driven by wind and a diurnally varying heat flux to deep cycle turbulence in the Equatorial UnderCurrents (EUC). These problems illustrate stratified shear flow turbulence, wind-driven entrainment in a stratified, rotating fluid, and the communication of surface forcing to subsurface currents in the upper ocean. We discuss the three cases by including new simulations as well as some of our previous work. Direct numerical simulation (DNS) is our tool for the canonical shear layer and, for the other problems, our tool is large eddy simulation (LES) which is increasingly being used to examine turbulent transport and mixing in the ocean. We discuss how buoyancy and rotation affects the spatial structure and temporal evolution of turbulent fluxes, and thereby the distribution of surface inputs of momentum and heat in the upper ocean.
The Mechanosensory Lateral Line System

Abstract The zebrafish lateral line is a sensory system used to detect changes in water flow. It is made up of sensory organs called neuromasts, which are comprised of clusters of mechanosensory hair cells, nonsensory support cells, and their neural connections. This system is initially established by a migratory column of cells called a primordium, which travels down the surface of the fish depositing neuromasts in its wake. A complex network of chemokine, Wnt, and FGF signaling mediates primordium migration and neuromast deposition, and Notch-mediated lateral inhibition is responsible for hair cell specification. As zebrafish age, the lateral line expands to accommodate the increased size of the fish. Furthermore, the hair cells of the lateral line are able to regenerate after damage. New hair cells arise from the proliferation and differentiation of the surrounding support cells. The lateral line has proven to be an excellent system in which to study cell migration, sensory development, and regeneration.
Chapter 20 – Pharmacogenomics

Due to genetic variations, different individuals respond differently to the same dosage of a drug. Although pharmacogenomics is a vast topic with several excellent books in the literature, this chapter will focus on basic pharmacogenomics such as genetic variations in the activities of CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and drug transporters that affect the metabolism of various drugs. Emphasis will be placed on the effect of genetic variations on metabolism, the efficacy of warfarin, and how genetic polymorphisms affect therapy with certain anticancer drugs. This is essential pharmacogenomics information that a resident should know.
Hidden in plain sight, Chaetopterus dewysee sp. nov. (Chaetopteridae, Annelida) – A new species from Southern California

We describe a long-unnamed Chaetopterus Cuvier, 1830 species from southern California, using a combination of DNA barcoding and detailed morphological investigation employing high-resolution X-ray microtomography (micro-CT). Chaetopterus dewysee sp. nov. is not only one of the most dominant annelids in the benthic communities of the shallow end of the La Jolla submarine canyon, but also a well-established model for studying bioluminescence and has a published transcriptome. The description and naming of this southern Californian Chaetopterus is a step towards the much-needed revision of the group’s taxonomy and towards resolving the confusion over the ʻcosmopolitanʼ Chaetopterus variopedatus species complex. Micro-CT data showing details of both internal and external anatomy has been made freely available as the first annelid cybertype.
Shell-in-Shell (SiS): 3D Shell Resonator with 3D Conformal Shell Electrodes

This paper reports the design, fabrication technology and initial testing results of an all fused-silica 3D shell (hemispherical) resonator and capacitive drive/sense electrodes made from a second shell, for use in high-performance gyroscopes. A single fused-silica shell is patterned to form multiple electrodes that follow the curvature of the shell resonator. 10 mm diameter Shell resonator is then integrated inside a larger Shell electrode (SiS). Our approach enables, for the first time, the fabrication of curved electrodes at the micro-scale. The SiS device provides large overlap area and nearly uniform gap with large capacitance for better frequency tuning capability, reduced operating voltages, improved capacitive sensitivity and reduced temperature sensitivity as compared to other electrode architectures. Successful fabrication and testing of two prototype SiS devices are demonstrated. Quality factor as high as of 0.4 Million and frequency split as low as 1.3 Hz is obtained at operating frequency of ~ 6000 Hz.
Evaluating an Interactive Digital Intervention for College Weight Gain Prevention.

Abstract Objective Pilot a digital interactive intervention for weight gain prevention among college students. Methods One sample pre-post study reporting on initial usability and changes in theoretical constructs (ie, self-efficacy, behavioral capability, elaboration) and program acceptability. Twenty college freshmen (mean age, 18.25 ± 0.72 years) reviewed a digital program providing self-assessment and brief tailored feedback on 8 behaviors that relate to a healthy weight: physical activity, sedentary behavior, and consumption of sugary beverages, high fat snacks, breakfast, fried foods, fruits and vegetables, and pizza. Results At posttest, improvements in self-efficacy were found for 5 behaviors (ie, physical activity, high fat snacks, breakfast, fried foods, fruits and vegetables); improvements in behavioral capability were found for 3 behaviors (ie, high fat snacks, fried foods, and fruits and vegetables). Acceptability benchmarks included: positive impression (60%), relevance (95%), and ease of comprehension (75%). Conclusions and Implications This program demonstrates acceptability for a digital weight gain prevention intervention, with improvements in behavioral mediators of change. Suggestions to simplify messaging and allowing for user control may enhance acceptability and comprehension. There is a need for further testing with larger more diverse populations before broader implementation by universities to address student health.
The utility of infectious diseases e-consults in the era of COVID-19

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, rapid Infectious Diseases (ID) consultation has been required to answer novel questions regarding SARS-CoV-2 testing and infection prevention We sought to evaluate the utility of e-consults to triage and provide rapid ID recommendations to providers Methods: We performed a retrospective study reviewing ID e-consults in three institutions in the North Texas region: Clements University Hospital (CUH), Parkland Hospital and Health System (PHHS), and the VA North Texas Health Care System (VA) from March 1, 2020 to May 15, 2020 Variables collected include age, sex, ethnicity, comorbidities, time to completion, reason for consult and outcome of consult (initiation or removal of personal protective equipment (PPE) and recommendation to test or retest for COVID-19) Results: We performed all analysis using R studio (Version 1 3 959) Characteristics of 198 patients included: 112(57%) male, 86(43%) female, 86(43%) Caucasian, 71(36%) Hispanic, 42(21%) African American, 6(3%) Asian and mean(sd) age of 55 1(15 9) Patient comorbidities included: 89(45%) with a heart condition, 77(39%) diabetes, 30(15%) asthma and 14(7%) liver disease Median time to completion for all hospitals was 4 hours(h);((CUH (4h) vs PHHS (2h), p< 0 05;VA (5 5h) vs PHHS (2h) p< 0 05)) Most common reasons for e-consult included: (63)32% regarding re-testing ((CUH 14(21%) vs PHHS 43(50%), p< 0 05;CUH vs VA 14(27%), p< 0 05;PHHS vs VA, p< 0 05)), (61)31% testing ((CUH 25(37%) vs PHHS 39(45%), p< 0 05;CUH vs VA 7(16%), p< 0 05;PHHS vs VA, p< 0 05)) and 61(31%) infection prevention (IP) Based on the e-consult recommendation, 53(27%) of patients were tested ((CUH 31(45%) vs PHHS 11(13%), p< 0 05, CUH vs VA 11(25%), PHHS vs VA, p< 0 05)), 45(23%) were re-tested, 44(22%) of patients had PPE started on and 19% had PPE removed ((CUH 0(0%) vs PHHS 16(19%), p< 0 05;CUH vs VA 21(48%), p< 0 05;PHHS vs VA, p< 0 05)) Conclusion: E-consult services can provide prompt ID input during the COVID-19 pandemic, minimizing the risk of infection to the patient and health care workers while preserving PPE and testing supplies (Figure Presented)
Doctrinal Environmental Constitutionalism: Moral Limitations on Property Rights in the United States as Human Rights

While political rhetoric in the U.S. often frames regulatory limitations that have virtually any negative effect on property values as compensable, a number of doctrines represent the public’s collective human right to a healthy environment free from compensation constraints. This chapter frames these doctrinal limitations on property rights as human rights driven by “moral” norms and articulated through jurisprudential interpretations of common and constitutional law as well as legislative acts codifying common law doctrines. The chapter does so by first situating moral limitations on property rights as human rights within the broader environmental constitutionalism literature. It then explains why these limitations are described as “moral” by reviewing recent property law theory developing the principle that moral obligations both give rise to, and limit, private property rights. Finally, the chapter examines a number of legal doctrines that embody limitations on property rights and that may be used to preserve collective public (human) rights in environmental attributes of private property.
P98 Refining a Maternal Self-Care Intervention to Promote Family Health Using the Plan, Do, Study, Act (PDSA) Model

Background Maternal self-care, behaviors facilitating healthy eating, physical activity (PA), and stress management, are targets for child obesity prevention efforts and there is a need for optimized interventions to enhance these efforts. Plan, Do, Study, Act (PDSA) Cycling, a quality improvement process using rapid cycle testing to develop and refine interventions within healthcare settings, is less often used in maternal health and nutrition studies. Objective PDSA Cycles were applied during the development of the Healthy EnviROnments (HEROs) Self-care intervention to refine and verify intervention components including content, delivery methods, and digital strategies. Study Design, Setting, Participants HEROs Self-care was designed for low-income mothers of preschoolers in rural Colorado to improve healthy eating, PA, and stress management. Three sequential PDSA cycles were conducted via group or individual interviews with: 1) an expert panel (n = 8), 2) a convenience sample (n = 5), and 3) target audience (n = 6). Outcomes, Measures and Analysis Three cycles of group and/or individual interviews provided insights into intervention components: Cycle 1 provided input on program content: flow, activities, and materials; Cycle 2 provided feedback on delivery methods: in-person and videoconferencing meeting strategies, duration, and use of electronic binders; and Cycle 3 gathered information about the feasibility of digital strategies: website, iPad, and an activity tracker. Interviews were transcribed, data were compiled from group discussion notes, and data from each cycle was analyzed for emergent themes around intervention components. Results In Cycle 1, areas for refinement included the addition of mindfulness activities, revision of handouts for literacy level, and additional time for group discussion. Cycle 2 verified that content was acceptable to the target audience and delivery methods functioned in rural areas. Cycle 3 verified that digital strategies were feasible. Conclusion PDSA cycles allow for the optimization of intervention components prior to full-scale implementation, potentially saving resources and resulting in more efficacious interventions.
Providing Oxygen for the Flames? The State of Public Interest Litigation in New Zealand

Public interest litigation remains a vexed issue in New Zealand. Reticence is often expressed at the prospect of overstepping judicial boundaries, into the constitutional realm of the legislature. It is contended that this reticence is misplaced, and that public interest litigation should instead be embraced. This paper begins by examining the definition and features of public interest litigation. It then proceeds to ground this phenomenon in a historical context, examining cases from the United Kingdom, the United States of America and New Zealand. After a survey of three contemporary New Zealand cases, this paper considers the two primary objections to public interest litigation; the relative incompetence of the court process and weightier jurisprudential concerns relating to democratic pedigree. It is ultimately concluded that while neither objection is without merit, they do not provide adequate reasons to fear public interest litigation. Instead, it is a feature of New Zealand law that ought to be encouraged.
Beyond Belief: How Implicit Beliefs Influence Trust

We demonstrate that implicit beliefs influence trust. In an experiment, we induced one of two types of implicit beliefs: entity beliefs about negotiation ability (a belief that negotiation ability is fixed over time), and incremental beliefs about negotiation ability (a belief that negotiation ability can change over time). We find that people induced with entity beliefs maintain trust in their counterpart even when they learn that their counterpart deceived them. Participants in the entity condition ignored and discounted negative information. Participants induced with incremental beliefs, however, significantly decreased trust in their counterpart when they learned that their counterpart had deceived them. In addition to changing how trust is harmed by violations, implicit beliefs are likely to influence the trust recovery process.
The role of the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis on systemic immune function in humans (382.7)

Evidence suggests that probiotic bacteria modulate both innate and adaptive immunity; however the immune response varies by type of organism. Probiotics in the genera Bifidobacterium may stimulate ...
Network-aware coordination of virtual machine migrations in enterprise data centers and clouds

Virtual machine(VM) migration usually requires a considerable amount of system resources such as the network bandwidth. In the case of multiple simultaneous migrations, such resource demands will increase dramatically and are difficult to be satisfied immediately. This paper proposes a scheduling method for multiple VM migrations to guarantee the fast completion of those tasks and hence the reduced impacts on system performance. We discover the best bandwidth sharing policy for each network link, and further propose a bin-packing algorithm to organize bandwidth resources from all the network links. As a result, the migration tasks can fully utilize available resources in the whole network to achieve the fast completion.
Ukraine and The IMF: An Uneasy Cooperation

The paper discusses the role of current political developments in Ukraine, the history of Ukraine-IMF cooperation, the estimation of the effect of IMF financing on Ukraine’s economic growth, and the role of the IMF conditionality in controversial issues of increasing flexibility of the national currency, raising gas and heating tariffs, and implementing broad-based economic and governance reforms. Based on results of the estimation of a modified production function, the hypothesis of a positive effect of IMF credit on Ukraine’s economic growth has been rejected. The analysis of specific requirements attached to a 2014 standby loan, all of which were accepted by the new government of Ukraine, shows that they will drastically reduce standards of living. Moreover, the government will have to perform magic by reducing the state budget deficit, on the one hand, and significantly boosting subsidies to the needy to compensate for the rising cost of municipal services, on the other hand. The ups and downs in Ukraine-IMF cooperation demonstrate that the Fund’s means of enforcement of conditionality contracts are quite limited.
Organizations and Associations in the US and Canada

This information will be used solely to construct a directory of relevant organizations and associations within the 2011 Educational Media & Technology Yearbook. The data supplied here will not be intentionally shared or publicized in any other form. Thank you for your assistance.
Mode of Host Cell Penetration by Bacteriophage φX174

Bacteriophage phiX174 is an icosahedral phage which attaches to host cells without the aid of a complex tail assembly. When phiX174 was mixed with cell walls isolated from the bacterial host, the virions attached to the wall fragments and the phage deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was released. Attachment was prevented if the cell walls were treated with chloroform. Release of phage DNA, but not viral attachment, was prevented if the cell walls were incubated with lysozyme or if the virions were inactivated with formaldehyde. Treatment of the cell walls with lysozyme released structures which were of uniform size (6.5 by 25 nm). These structures attached phiX174 at the tip of one of its 12 vertices, but the viral DNA was not released. The virions attached to these structures were oriented with their fivefold axis of symmetry normal to the long axis of the structure. No virions were attached to these structures by more than one vertex. Freeze-etch preparations of phiX174 adsorbed to intact bacteria showed that the virions were submerged to one half their diameter into the host cell wall, and the fivefold axis of symmetry was normal to the cell surface. A second cell could not be attached to the outwardly facing vertex of the adsorbed phage and thus the phage could not cross-link two cells. When the virions were labeled with (3)H-leucine, purified, and adsorbed to Escherichia coli cells, about 15% of the radioactivity was recovered as low-molecular-weight material from spheroplasts formed by lysozyme-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Other experiments revealed that about 7% of the total parental virus protein label could be recovered in newly formed progeny virus.
Conflict Styles and Conflict Transformation: Possibilities for New Connections

Opportunities to integrate conflict management models that have been heretofore viewed as parallel or even incompatible should be explored, as they contribute to the ongoing scholarly goal of parsimony while simultaneously broadening our thinking about organizational conflict. Two such elements that have not been explicitly considered within the context of each other are the construct of conflict styles (e.g., Rahim, 1985, 1986; Thomas and Kilmann, 1974, 1977) and the theory and practice of transformative mediation (Bush and Folger, 1994, 2005). Yet, when the relationship between self and other - the central variables within the conflict styles construct (Rahim and Bonoma, 1979) - are conceptualized, the continuum of conflict styles can be seen as a still shot of Bush and Folger's dynamic model of conflict transformation. This paper reviews the theoretical underpinnings of the predominant conflict styles models and shows how a re-examination of the notion of self and other problematizes our usual assumptions about conflict styles. We then look at the ways in which connecting the traditional conflict literature with the more contemporary work of Bush and Folger creates a new framework for thinking abut conflict styles and how they are used to balance the dialectical tension between autonomy and connection.
Critical Issues in Intra- and Interspecies Dosimetry of Ozone

Abstract Knowledge of dose at the target site is a fundamental starting point In making interspecies dosimetric comparisons. To the extent that information is available on the effective dose of a compound, our confidence in risk assessments Is increased. To facilitate judgments about effects determined in animals relative to likelihood of risk associated with human exposure to ozone (O3), a mathematical dosimetry model has been developed for interspecies comparisons. The model incorporates the major factors affecting the absorption of O3 in the respiratory tract: the morphology of the respiratory tract, the route, depth and rate of breathing, physlcochemlcal properties of O3, the physical and chemical processes which govern gas transport, and the physlcochemical properties of the lining fluids and tissue material of the airways and gas exchange units. This model Is used to identify Issues critically important to the modeling process Itself, such as model validation and modeling uptake of O3 in the head. Also discussed are the application of the dosimetry model for examining age-dependent susceptibility to O3 and the potential usefulness of such models for relating mlcrodoslmetry to mlcrotoxlcology.
Agglomerative hierarchical clustering with constraints: theoretical and empirical results

We explore the use of instance and cluster-level constraints with agglomerative hierarchical clustering. Though previous work has illustrated the benefits of using constraints for non-hierarchical clustering, their application to hierarchical clustering is not straight-forward for two primary reasons. First, some constraint combinations make the feasibility problem (Does there exist a single feasible solution?) NP-complete. Second, some constraint combinations when used with traditional agglomerative algorithms can cause the dendrogram to stop prematurely in a dead-end solution even though there exist other feasible solutions with a significantly smaller number of clusters. When constraints lead to efficiently solvable feasibility problems and standard agglomerative algorithms do not give rise to dead-end solutions, we empirically illustrate the benefits of using constraints to improve cluster purity and average distortion. Furthermore, we introduce the new γ constraint and use it in conjunction with the triangle inequality to considerably improve the efficiency of agglomerative clustering.
Purification of the glutathione-S-transferase of Trypanosoma cruzi

Abstract 1. 1. Evidence is presented suggesting that a single enzyme catalyzes the conjugation of methyl iodide and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (spec. act., 2.25 nmol/mg protein per min and 86.8 nmol/mg protein per min, respectively). 2. 2. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 37,000 and corresponds to a heterodimer with subunits of 20,000 and 17,000 mol. wt, respectively. 3. 3. The conjugation of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is noncompetitively inhibited by 1,2- epoxy -3-(p- nitrophenoxy ) propane , 4- nitropyridine -N- oxide , and an antiprotozoal agent, 2-(1-methyl-5-nitroimidazolyl)-4-(thiomorpholinoiminomethyl)-thiazole-1′,1′-dioxide. 4. 4. The inhibition kinetic observed with 4- nitropyridine -N- oxide suggests the presence of two binding sites for this compound, one as a substrate and the other as inhibitor. 5. 5. Glutathione -S- transferase coupled to the action of other microsomal detoxifying systems may play a role in the resistance of Trypanosoma cruzi to known antimicrobial agents.
New methods for estimation, modeling and validation of dynamical systems using automatic differentiation

The main objective of this work is to demonstrate some new computational methods for estimation, optimization and modeling of dynamical systems that use automatic differentiation. Particular focus will be upon dynamical systems arising in Aerospace Engineering. Automatic differentiation is a recursive computational algorithm, which enables computation of analytically rigorous partial derivatives of any user-specified function. All associated computations occur, in the background without user intervention, as the name implies. The computational methods of this dissertation are enabled by a new automatic differentiation tool, OCEA (Object oriented Coordinate Embedding Method). OCEA has been recently developed and makes possible efficient computation and evaluation of partial derivatives with minimal user coding. The key results in this dissertation details the use of OCEA through a number of computational studies in estimation and dynamical modeling. Several prototype problems are studied in order to evaluate judicious ways to use OCEA. Additionally, new solution methods are introduced in order to ascertain the extended capability of this new computational tool. Computational tradeoffs are studied in detail by looking at a number of different applications in the areas of estimation, dynamical system modeling, and validation of solution accuracy for complex dynamical systems. The results of these computational studies provide new insights and indicate the future potential of OCEA in its further development.
Navigating the Needs of Rural Women with Breast Cancer: A Breast Care Program

We describe the development and establishment of a breast care program (BCP) with service for rural breast cancer patients. Our program is a comprehensive program serving rural communities in Wisconsin. Our BCP is committed to breast health throughout the continuum from breast cancer risk assessment and prevention, advanced diagnostics, and screening tools to genetic testing and state-of-the-art surgical techniques. To provide the highest level of care, we coordinate a breast care team involving collaboration of multidisciplinary healthcare professionals. Experts from various departments, including radiologists, pathologists, breast surgeons, medical and radiation oncologists, genetic counselors, clinical trial specialists, and our breast care navigator, all work together to provide cutting edge cancer treatment and management. Our distinctive BCP allows patients to see multiple providers without having to make multiple appointments and promotes discussion of treatment recommendations and creation of a personalized treatment plan for each patient by a team of specialists.
Development and demonstration of silicon carbide (SiC) motor drive inverter modules

This paper describes a new SiC-based motor drive technology used to achieve compact power conversion. The static and dynamic characterization of 600 V SiC MOS-enhanced JFETs and SiC Schottky free-wheeling diodes (FWDs) designed and fabricated at Rockwell Scientific, are performed. Single 5 A SiC JFET and Schottky FWD die with a voltage rating of 600 V are paralleled to obtain 10 A, and 25 A, current ratings. The power loss and related voltage and current stress of the SiC MOS-enhanced JFET and SiC Schottky FWD are measured and compared to that of a state-of-the-art silicon IGBTs and PIN FWDs with ratings equal to the SiC ratings. For the same power rating (25 A, 600 V), the area of the SiC die making up the inverter module are about 60% of a commercial 25 A IGBT die. The Rockwell Automation RA Model 1336 motor controller is used, with its gate drive circuit modified to control the SiC depletion-mode MOS-enhanced JFETs, to control a motor. SiC inverter modules are fabricated and used to successfully drive 1 hp to 10 hp motors. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a motor drive using SiC inverter modules has been demonstrated.
Performing dignity: Human rights, citizenship, and the techno-politics of law in South Africa

Since the end of apartheid, rights-based languages of human dignity have often been central to articulating state obligation and making claims on the state in South Africa. In this article, I explore this moral–legal politics by focusing on a legal case brought against the City of Johannesburg by five Soweto residents on the basis of their constitutionally guaranteed right to water. Examining the epistemologies and evidentiary practices on which it was built, the debates and protests that surrounded it, and the residents’ informal articulations of their discontents, I use the legal case as a lens to explore how the political terrain has been transformed in South Africa in the context of this rise of human rights and the law as languages and modalities of politics. Thus, I explore how citizenship—as a set of techniques, imaginaries, and practices—is refashioned via languages of humanity, and I highlight the ambivalent ethical and political effects of this shift.
Expressing and defining self and relationships through everyday shopping experiences

Abstract Despite a good general understanding of retail patronage behavior, knowledge related to the deeper meanings of shopping is still uncertain. Using phenomenological depth interviews, the authors of this study examine lived shopping experiences. The findings contribute to the theory on shopping by revealing that shopping helps define participants' individual selves, both the constraining self and the liberating self. Shopping also acts as a mechanism for consumers to define and negotiate their relationships with others. These findings are important because much of who consumers are and their relationships with others depend on their shopping experiences. The findings also have significant implications for the development of theory.
Efficient Decentralized Algorithms for the Distributed Trigger Counting Problem

Consider a distributed system with n processors, in which each processor receives some triggers from an external source. The distributed trigger counting (DTC) problem is to raise an alert and report to a user when the number of triggers received by the system reaches w, where w is a user-specified input. The problem has applications in monitoring, global snapshots, synchronizers and other distributed settings. In this paper, we first present a randomized and decentralized algorithm for the DTC problem with message complexity O(nlognlogw); furthermore, with high probability, no processor receives more than O(lognlogw) messages. Building on the ideas of this algorithm, we develop an improved algorithm having message complexity O(nlogw); furthermore, with high probability, no processor receives more than O(log w) messages. However, neither of the two algorithms provide any bound on the messages sent per processors. These algorithm assume complete connectivity between the processors. Next, we present a third algorithm having message complexity O(nlognlogw), wherein no processor exchanges more than O(lognlogw) messages with high probability; however, there is a negligible failure probability in raising the alert on receiving w triggers. This algorithm only requires that a constant degree tree be embeddable in the underlying communication graph.