cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Magnetic-field dependence of the critical dynamics of a superconducting YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 − δ detwinned single crystal

The in-plane longitudinal resistivities ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{aa}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{bb}}$ of a single-crystal of ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ have been measured as a function of magnetic field $H$ (less than 6.75 T) and temperature $T$ near ${T}_{c}.$ We found that the ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{aa}}(T,H)$ data in the mixed state collapse into a single curve as a function of ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{bb}}(T,H).$The extracted fluctuation conductivity exhibits dynamic scaling over a wide range of $T$ and $H:$ assuming that the static universality class is the three-dimensional $\mathrm{XY}$ model yields the observed dynamic critical exponent $z=1.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1(Hg0),$ apparently consistent with the dynamic universality class of superfluid ${}^{4}\mathrm{He}.$ In zero field, the data are inconclusive, and a reliable determination of $z$ is not possible.
A COMPARATIVE HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF INTERSTITIAL TISSUE AND FOLLICULAR ATRESIA IN THE MAMMALIAN OVARY.

The distribution and origin of interstitial tissue has been studied in various mammalian ovaries with histochemcal techniques for lipids. The interstitial tissue contains sudanophilic droplets of different sizes consisting of phospholipids, triglycerides and cholesterol and its esters; the lipids are comparatively unsaturated. The granulosa of normal follicles contains heterogeneous lipid bodies of various sizes composed of unsaturated phospholipids. With the start of atresia these lipid bodies also develop neutral fats (triglycerides). Besides the heterogeneous lipid bodies, another type of sudanophilic lipid droplets of atresia, consisting of triglycerides, cholesterol and its ester and little phospholopids, are formed in the granulosa cells. When the number of these lipid droplets is sufficiently increased, the heterogeneous lipid bodies disappear from the atretic follicles. The theca of such atretic follicles hypertrophies and persists to form the interstitial tissue whereas the granulosa cells, along with the lipid droplets, regress and disappear. In the rat ovary, the interstitial tissue occurs as scattered patches of various sizes that are derived from the theca of atretic preantral and antral follicles. Most of the lipid droplets of the interstitial tissue are mobilized from the preovulatory rat ovary. All of the bat ovary is occupied by interstitial tissue except for the cortex; the tissue is formed in the same way as in the rat. In the cat ovary, the interstitial tissue is sparsely scattered between the follicles and originates from the theca and adjacent stromal cells of normal and atretic follicles. In the dog ovary the interstitial tissue has a similar origin and also arises from invaginations of germinal epithelium. In the opossum ovary the interstitial tissue is present in the form of sparsely scattered patches of cells which arise from the theca of large preantral follicles. A few lipid bodies, consisting of unsaturated phospholipids, appear in the interstitial tissue.
Optimal contact geometry for CdZnTe pixel detectors

We are developing CdZnTe pixel detectors for use as focal plane sensors in astronomical hard X-ray telescopes. To optimize the spectral response and imaging performance, we are investigating the effect of contact geometry on charge collection. Specifically, we have studied contact designs with orthogonal thin strips placed between pixel contacts. We apply a negative bias on the grid with respect to the pixel potential to force charge to drift toward the contacts. The grid bias is selected to be just sufficient to avoid charge collection on the grid, while increasing the transverse electric field on the surface between contacts. In contrast to focusing electrodes designed to force field lines to terminate on the pixel contact, our approach allows us to overcome the effects of charge loss between the pixels without significant increase of the leakage current, improving the overall energy resolution of the detector. In this paper we describe the performance of a CdZnTe pixel detector containing a grid electrode, bonded to a custom low-noise VLSI readout. We discuss the advantages of this type of detector for high spectral resolution applications.
Sameness and difference: Toward an “overinclusive” model of gender development

(1995). Sameness and difference: Toward an “overinclusive” model of gender development. Psychoanalytic Inquiry: Vol. 15, Feminine and Masculine Gender Identity, pp. 125-142.
Assessing Knowledge of Elder Financial Abuse: A First Step in Enhancing Prosecutions

Financial exploitation by a family member is the most common form of elder mistreatment; yet, it is a difficult crime to detect and prosecute. Psychologists have traditionally assisted prosecutors by assessing decisional capacity and opining in court whether an alleged victim was able to consent to the contested transactions. This article proposes and evaluates a novel form of psychological expertise in financial abuse trials—social framework testimony to reeducate jurors who are misinformed about aspects of this largely hidden crime. Findings suggest that, as in cases of child and spousal abuse, social framework testimony on the general dispositional and situational factors inherent in elder financial abuse may enhance prosecutions.
Automaton in or out: run-time plan optimization for XML stream processing

Many systems such as Tukwila and YFilter combine automaton and algebra techniques to process queries over tokenized XML streams. Typically in this architecture, an automaton is first used to locate all query patterns in the input stream and compose the matched tokens into XML element nodes. These XML nodes are then passed to the tuple-based algebraic operators for further filtering or restructuring. This common processing style is however not always optimal. At times it is more efficient to retrieve only a subset of the patterns in the automaton while retrieving the rest of the patterns on the XML element nodes. In this paper, we use a cost-based solution to explore this novel optimization opportunity. We design three plan optimization algorithms, namely, MinExhaust, GreedyBasic and FastPrune. We also study how to migrate from a currently running plan to a new plan in a safe and efficient manner. Our experimentations have shown that the GreedyBasic or FastPrune algorithm can quickly find a plan that is close to optimal in most scenarios. Also we illustrate that the overhead in our approach for run-time statistics collection and plan migration are very lightweight.
Barriers to Trade and Disadvantageous Middlemen : Nonmonotonicity of the Core*

Received September 14, 1977; revised April 20, 1978 Tn applying cooperative game theory to economic problems of exchange, it is standard to assume that all logically possible coalitions may form. However, because of institutional, legal, or physical barriers, it may in fact be impossible for certain sets of agents to communicate or trade with one another directly. It would seem worthwhile to recognize this and to analyze the impact of such barriers to trade. In
Temporoparietal scalp free flap for upper-lip reconstruction

There are many alternatives available for reconstructing full-thickness defects of the upper lip. In this article, the temporoparietal scalp free flap is discussed and the technique is reviewed in detail using a case study. The flap offers a long, reliable vascular pedicle, a good thickness match for the upper lip, minimal donor-site morbidity, and thick hair that forms an excellent mustache for scar camouflage, making it an excellent choice for one-stage reconstruction of the upper-lip defect in men.
The Cygnus loop: a new look at an old remnant.

New radial velocities in the Cygnus loop indicate that Minkowski's value of 116 km/sec is much too low. The new data indicate a shock velocity near 400 km/sec that can produce the observed X-rays and forbidden Fe XIV emission. They also imply that the age and distance of the Cygnus loop may have been seriously overestimated.
Electrochemical glutamate biosensing with nanocube and nanosphere augmented single-walled carbon nanotube networks: a comparative study

We describe two hybrid nanomaterial biosensor platforms, based on networks of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) enhanced with Pd nanocubes and Pt nanospheres and grown in situ from a porous anodic alumina (PAA) template. These nanocube and nanosphere SWCNT networks are converted into glutamate biosensors by immobilizing the enzyme glutamate oxidase (cross-linked with gluteraldehyde) onto the electrode surface. The Pt nanosphere/SWCNT biosensor outperformed the Pd nanocube/SWCNT biosensor and previously reported similar nanomaterial-based biosensors by amperometrically monitoring glutamate concentrations with a wide linear sensing range (50 nM to 1.6 mM) and a small detection limit (4.6 nM, 3σ). These results combined with the biosensor fabrication scheme (in situgrowth of SWCNTs, electrodeposition of metal nanoparticles, and facile enzyme immobilization protocol) create a biosensor that can potentially be scaled for integration into a wide range of applications including the treatment of neurological disorders.
Noncontact Electrical Characterization of Printed Resistors Using Microwave Microscopy

This paper presents the noncontact measurement of electrical resistance of a printed resistor using a scanning near-field microwave microscope. The microscope includes a probe that consists of a dielectric resonator coupled to a 200- $\mu $ m radius, gold-coated tungsten tip that acts as a detecting element. The resonance frequency and quality factor of the probe are sensitive to the proximity of the printed resistor to the tungsten tip. The electrical resistance is obtained through the use of a second-order polynomial equation that relates the quality factor of the microwave probe with its proximity to the resistor. Four-point probe resistance measurement and electromagnetic simulation of the printed resistor confirm the results obtained with the microwave microscope.
A Review of the Lymphatic Drainage of the Head and Neck: Use in Evaluation of Potential Metastases

Squamous-cell carcinomas differ in their ability to metastasize depending on their location and etiology. Since the majority of squamous-cell carcinomas occur on the head and neck, a thorough understanding of the lymphatic system in these areas is essential in the early detection and treatment of metastatic disease.
Iterative real/complex eigen-solver and parallel processing for nonlinear panel flutter analysis

Abstract In the frequency domain analysis of the limit cycle motion of a fluttering panel, the operation of a nonlinear eigen-solution is computationally costly. Nonlinear panel flutter analysis includes repeatedly using real and complex eigen-solutions in iterations and in the searching of the stable limit cycle motion. This study presents an efficient iterative real and complex nonlinear eigen-solver to greatly speed up the solution procedure. This new nonlinear eigen-solution adopted a power iteration-scheme and has the following features: (1) it avoids repeatedly using a costly eigen-solver, (2) it is not sensitive to the initial iteration vector, (3) it operates in the real region for a complex solution, and (4) it solves for the single nonlinear mode deflection directly. Those features are particularly suitable for nonlinear panel flutter analysis in which the limit cycle motion is a stable vibration, the eigenvalue and eigenvector are amplitude related and only the dominant eigenvector has a practical meaning. The parallel computation is designed to speed up the searching of the stability of the limit cycle motion. The parallel computation was performed by using PVM (Parallel Virtual Machine) on IBM RS/6000 workstations.
THE PREPARATION OF HIGH-PURITY THORIUM BY THE MAGNESIUM REDUCTION OF THORIUM TETRACHLORIDE

Abstract A process is described for preparing high-purity thorium metal in kilogram quantities. Magnesium metal is used to reduce purified ThCl4 and to form a liquid thorium-magnesium intermediate alloy. This alloy is processed to a thorium sponge metal which is consolidated by arc casting and purified by electron-beam melting. Thorium metal containing a total of 250 p.p.m. of impurities has been consistently prepared by this process.
Some properties of a Bayesian adaptive ability testing strategy

Four monte carlo simulation studies of Owen's Bayesian sequential procedure for adaptive mental testing were conducted. In contrast to previous simulation studies of this procedure which have concentrated on evaluating it in terms of the corre lation of its test scores with simulated ability in a normal population, these four studies explored a number of additional properties, both in a normally distributed population and in a distribution-free context. Study 1 replicated previous studies with finite item pools, but examined such properties as the bias of estimate, mean absolute error, and cor relation of test length with ability. Studies 2 and 3 examined the same variables in a number of hypo thetical infinite item pools, investigating the effects of item discriminating power, guessing, and vari able vs. fixed test length. Study 4 investigated some properties of the Bayesian test scores as latent trait estimators. The properties of interest included the conditional bias of the ability estimates, the info...
Multiple photoionization and fragmentation of C 60 in the 18 – 280 − eV range

We examined the relative ionization and fragmentation probabilities of C{sub 60} after excitation by monochromatized synchrotron radiation in the energy range of 18-280 eV. The energy dependence of the relative cross sections of C{sub 60}{sup q+} (q=1-4) and the associated fragments C{sub 60-2n}{sup q+} (n=1-6 for q=2,3 and n=1,2 for q=4) are analyzed. We present the ionization and appearance energies for those ions and fragments as well as the partial cross sections for the C{sub 60} ions.
The rotational diffusion of bovine α-lactalbumin: A comparison with egg white lysozyme

Abstract Polarization of fluorescence measurements on fluorescent conjugates of bovine α-lactalbumin and hen's egg white lysozyme indicate a difference in the rate of rotational diffusion of these two proteins. The rotational relaxation time measured for lysozyme was 25 nsec ±3 nsec and that measured for α-lactalbumin was 35 nsec ± 2 nsec. These data suggest that the effective molecular volume of α-lactalbumin in solution is larger than that of lysozyme. Since the molecular weight of these proteins is known to be the same (i.e., within 1%) from amino acid composition and sequence data, this behavior must be attributed to differences in conformation and hydration. The fluorescence lifetime of the dimethylaminonaphthalene sulfonate moiety has been measured directly in the case of each of these protein conjugates and the large difference in the values obtained illustrates the necessity of direct lifetime measurements whenever a new protein conjugate is prepared.
Education policy as normative discourse and negotiated meanings: Engaging the Holocaust in Estonia

This article uses a socio-cultural approach to analyze the formation and implementation of Estonia’s Holocaust Day Policy, a day of both commemoration for victims of the Holocaust and other crimes against humanity, and education about the Holocaust. It investigates both the multi-level development of the policy in light of external pressure (from foreign advocates and transnational groups including NATO and the Council of Europe) and the ways in which policy as normative discourse was constructed and its meanings negotiated between international sources, the national government, and educators. It draws attention to the multifaceted nature of discourse in a post-authoritarian context where power disparities further complicate an already complex trans-national policy environment.
A decision support system for area-wide water quality planning†

Abstract The Generalized Planning System is presented as the framework for implementation of a decision support system for area-wide water quality planning. Special attention is given to the method of data organization, a method of system interface for nonprogramming planners, and to the need for system flexibility that allows adaptation to changing conditions.
Effectiveness of craft time utilization in construction

Achieving efficient craft time utilization in the execution of construction projects is of great interest to project stakeholders. Craft time utilization assessment methods, such as work sampling and five-minute rating, measure the effectiveness of labour utilization, expose excessive non-productive time in the execution of construction activities, and reflect the soundness of workface planning. Onsite time utilization studies were conducted on 98 construction projects during the period 1972–2009. Statistic analyses were performed on the collected data to investigate the evolution of direct work rates and crew effectiveness over time, to gain understanding on craft time utilization patterns, and to identify improvement opportunities. The results of analyses suggest that, among other findings, the direct work ratio in construction projects and crew effectiveness in various construction activities have not improved during this period, and there is a statistically significant difference on crew effectiveness...
Optical data exchange of 100-Gbit/s DQPSK signals

We experimentally demonstrate the phase-transparent optical data exchange between two differential quadrature phase-shift keying (DQPSK) signals by exploiting the signal depletion effect of non-degenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) in a highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF). Identical phase modulation is applied to the two pumps to suppress the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) effect and enable the pump phase cancellation in the exchanged signals. Optical data exchange of 100-Gbit/s return-to-zero DQPSK (RZ-DQPSK) signals is implemented with a power penalty of less than 5 dB at a bit-error rate (BER) of 10(-9). Moreover, we investigate the impact of the temporal pump phase misalignment on the exchange performance and the dynamic range of the input signal power for the 100-Gbit/s RZ-DQPSK data exchange. The tolerance of the temporal pump phase misalignment is assessed to be +/-2 ps. An approximate 20-dB dynamic range of the input signal power is achieved.
The effect of property taxes on vacation home growth rates: Evidence from Michigan

Abstract The Tiebout model assumes that individuals sort to the jurisdiction which best matches their fiscal preferences. However, there is a paucity of reliable estimates for the impact of tax changes on household mobility. We utilize a state mandated school finance reform and temporal differences in vacation home densities to provide a unique test of this fundamental Tiebout assumption. The results show that changes in property taxes explain a significant amount of the variation in vacation home growth; a 3–4 mil decrease in property tax rates is associated with an increase of approximately one vacation home per square kilometer.
Triple-gluon and quadruple-gluon azimuthal correlations from glasma and higher-dimensional ridges

We calculate the triple- and quadruple-gluon inclusive distributions with arbitrary rapidity and azimuthal angle dependence in the gluon saturation regime by using glasma diagrams. Also, we predict higher-dimensional ridges in triple- and quadruple-hadron correlations for p--p and p--Pb collisions at LHC, which have yet to be measured. In p--p and p--Pb collisions at the top LHC energies, gluon saturation is expected to occur since smaller Bjorken-$x$ values are being probed. Glasma diagrams, which are enhanced at small-$x$, include gluon saturation effects, and they are used for calculating the long-range rapidity correlations (``ridges'') and ${v}_{n}$ moments of the azimuthal distribution of detected hadrons. The glasma description reproduces the systematics of the data on both p--p and p--Pb ridges. As an alternative, relativistic hydrodynamics has also been applied to these small systems quite successfully. With the triple- and quadruple-gluon azimuthal correlations, this work aims to set the stage by going beyond the double-gluon azimuthal correlations in order to settle unambiguously the origin of ``collectivity'' in p--p and p--Pb collisions. We derive the triple- and quadruple-gluon azimuthal correlation functions in terms of unintegrated gluon distributions at arbitrary rapidities and azimuthal angles of produced gluons. Then, unintegrated gluon distributions from the running coupling Balitsky-Kovchegov evolution equation are used to calculate the triple- and quadruple-gluon correlations for various parameters of gluon momenta, initial scale for small-$x$ evolution and beam energy.
Sulfate and chloride concentrations in Texas aquifers.

Median sulfate and chloride concentrations in groundwater were calculated for 244 Texas counties from measurements at 8236 water wells. The data were mapped and analyzed with a geographic information system (GIS). Concentration clusters for both solutes were highest in north-central, west, and south Texas. Thirty-four counties had median sulfate levels above the secondary standard of 250 mg/L, and 31 counties registered median chloride concentrations above 250 mg/L. County median concentrations ranged from <1.5 to 1,953 mg/L for sulfate, and from 6 to 1,275 mg/L for chloride. Various factors contribute to high sulfate and chloride levels in Texas aquifers, including mineral constituents of aquifers, seepage of saline water from nearby formations, coastal saltwater intrusion, irrigation return flow, and oil/gas production. Ten counties in central and northeast Texas lack data and warrant additional monitoring.
Central Asia, 130 years of Russian dominance : a historical overview

For centuries, Central Asia has been a leading civilization, an Islamic heartland, and a geographical link between West and East. After a long traditional history, it is now in a state of change. With the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, five newborn Central Asian states have emerged in place of the former Soviet Central Asia and Afghanistan. "Central Asia" provides the most comprehensive survey of the history of the impact of Russian rule upon the political, economic, social, intellectual, and cultural life of this diverse region. Together, these essays convey a sense of the region's community as well as the divisive policies that have affected it for so long.Now in its third edition (it was first published in 1967 and revised in 1989), this new edition of "Central Asia "has been updated to include a new preface, a revised and updated bibliography, and a final chapter that brings the book up to 1994 in considering the crucial problems that stem from a deprivation of sovereign, indigenous leadership over the past 130 years. This volume provides a broad and essential background for understanding what has led up to the late twentieth-century configuration of Central Asia.
Quantitative transmission electron microscopy of systems with precipitates

Abstract A procedure has been outlined for quantitative transmission electron microscopy of systems with precipitates. It was developed for a work-hardening study of vanadium containing a dispersion of disc shaped V 16 N precipitates. With the specific example of V–V 16 N, it has been shown that the microstructural parameters, such as the particle density, N v , the volume fraction, V v , and the mean free distance, λ, can be determined by integrating appropriate functions over the true size distribution of particles. The determination of true size distribution from an observed size distribution of TEM images has been discussed with particular reference to the effect of thickness and crystallographic nature of a thin foil. A refinement in the definition of mean free distance has been proposed leading to a distinct value of mean free distance, λ 〈uvw〉 , along a crystallographic direction 〈uvw〉. A general expression for λ 〈uvw〉 for a system of aligned ellipsoidal particles has been derived. The procedure outlined here is most favorably applicable to spherical, disc, or thick, rod-shaped particles.
Fetal congenital heart disease and intrauterine growth restriction: a retrospective cohort study

Objective: Fetal congenital heart disease may lead to abnormal fetal growth. Our objective was to estimate the association between fetal congenital heart disease (CHD) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in an effort to better inform clinical management of continuing pregnancies complicated by fetal congenital heart disease. Methods: In a retrospective cohort study, outcome data was collected from singleton pregnancies undergoing routine anatomic survey at a tertiary medical center between 1990 and 2008. Dedicated research nurses collected information on delivery outcomes in an on-going manner. Subjects with a prenatal diagnosis of fetal CHD were compared to those without CHD. Stratified analyses for isolated fetal CHD and major CHD were performed. The primary outcome was IUGR less than 10th percentile by the Alexander growth standard. Logistic regression was used to adjust for confounding variables and refine the estimates of risk. Results: Among 67,823 patients, there were 193 cases of fetal CHD ...
Pyroelectric properties of a new alanine- and phosphate-substituted triglycine sulphate (ATGSP) crystal

Abstract Phosphorous- and alanine-doped triglycine sulphate (ATGSP) crystals have been grown with partial substitution of H 2 SO 4 with H 3 PO 4 . ATGSP crystals have lower permittivity ( ϵ r ≈ 30) and higher pyroelectric coefficient (6.5 × 10 −4 C/K m 2 ) compared to those of pure TGS. In the doping range used, the higher pyroelectric coefficient is traced to a significantly larger spontaneous polarization P s (≈ 5 μ C/cm 2 at room temperature). Tangent δ is below 0.01 over the whole frequency range from 100 Hz to 100 kHz.
Application of noninvasive and invasive tests for risk assessment in patients with ventricular arrhythmias.

Sudden cardiac death accounts for more than 300,000 cardiac events in the United States alone each year, representing 50% of all cardiovascular deaths. 115 Although resuscitation rates vary widely, most patients do not survive an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Thus, there is a major need to identify noninvasive diagnostic tests to screen patients at risk in broad populations and to provide potentially direct therapeutic interventions. To date, no individual technique as a gold standard has been identified with sufficient sensitivity and specificity to allow for accurate risk prediction. The purpose of this article is to examine the theoretic basis and data regarding risk-stratification techniques for patients with ventricular arrhythmias. Tests for assessment of risk of sudden cardiac death should be developed based on hypotheses regarding the pathologic and pathophysiologic mechanisms of ventricular arrhythmias. Thus, a review of the pathology and pathophysiology of sudden death may be helpful as a backdrop to a discussion of risk-stratification techniques.
Reflections on J.V. Wertsch’s ‘From Social Interaction to Higher Psychological Processes,’ Human Development, 1979

In his 1979 Human Development article reprinted in this anniversary issue, James Wertsch presented an approach to genetic analysis of the shifting regulation of problem-solving behavior in early childhood. In my reflections on Wertsch’s seminal contribution, I discuss ways that subsequent inquiry built upon ideas he elaborated in the 1979 article, using my own work as an illustrative case. One strand of my discussion focuses on method. Wertsch’s treatment involved lab-based studies, and I discuss how, in my research on early number development, I coordinated laboratory methods similar to Wertsch’s with field methods. The second strand broadens the scope of Wertsch’s approach to genetic analyses. Wertsch presented a compelling case for the utility of genetic analysis in investigations of the emergence of forms of problem solving. I discuss the importance of extending genetic explanation by incorporating sociogenetic analysis of the reproduction and alteration of collective systems of representation in the social history of communities. As an illustration I present my research on numerical representations used by a remote Papua New Guinea cultural group. I conclude by considering the utility of a genetic analysis of collective forms of representation and the functions these forms serve, in ontogeny as well as in social history.
Attention in focal and centrencephalic epilepsy.

Abstract Nineteen epileptic patients with centrencephalic type of electrographic abnormalities were compared on a test of attention with sixty-five patients with focal abnormalities. The latter group performed better on the Continuous Performance Test, although the two groups were similar in their scores on the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale and in the duration of their illness. Thirty-three patients were tested before and after unilateral temporal lobe resections; after surgery the average scores on the test showed a slight rise, probably attributable to practice. These results are interpreted as showing that maintenance of attention is partly dependent on the integrity of central subcortical structures.
Cryostat design for efficient use of liquid helium

Abstract The evaporation rate of liquid helium from a large (8” neck) superinsulated dewar is measured for various cryostat baffle configurations and vent rates through vapor cooled magnet leads. The evaporation rate of helium is almost linearly dependent on baffle number, but no support for the practice of placing edge rings on these battles was found. The addition of large magnet leads provided the major heat leak. Vapor cooling of these leads in the case of zero current did little to diminish the evaporation rate.
Gas-Induced Expansion and Contraction of a Fluorinated Metal−Organic Framework

Synthesis and gas sorption properties of a novel fluorinated metal−organic framework using commercially available 2,2-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane is reported with high selectivity toward CO2, H2S, and SO2 as well as breathing motion upon solvent removal and gas inclusion.
Far ultraviolet wide field imaging with a SPARTAN /Experiment of Opportunity/ Payload

A wide-field electrographic Schmidt camera, sensitive in the far UV (1230-2000 A), has been developed and utilized in three sounding rocket flights. It is now being prepared for Shuttle flight as an Experiment of Opportunity Payload (EOP) (recently renamed as the SPARTAN program). In this paper, we discuss (1) design of the instrument and payload, particularly as influenced by our experience in rocket flights; (2) special problems of EOP in comparison to sounding rocket missions; (3) relationship of this experiment to, and special capabilities in comparison to, other space astronomy instruments such as Space Telescope; and (4) a tentative observing plan for an EOP mission.
The New Pension Reform as Global Policy

This article analyzes the emergence and spread of the new pension reforms, a set of privatizing reforms that is part of a broader neoliberal agenda for global economic policy. The new pension reforms are significant both because they revolutionize the post-war social contract and because global policy actors have been involved directly in their implementation in more than 25 countries around the world. In this sense, the new pension reforms are a case of global policy. This article defines the scope of global policy, explores the content of the new pension reforms, and shows the new pension reforms to be a global policy in their development, transfer, and implementation.
Physicochemical Properties of Red Salmon Oil ( Oncorhynchus nerka ) and Microencapsulated Red Salmon Oil Added to Baby Food

Unpurified red salmon oil (UPSO) was processed to obtain purified salmon oil (PSO) by chitosan adsorption. Both unpurified and purified oils were evaluated for peroxide value (PV), free fatty acids (FFA), fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), moisture, and color. An emulsion system containing PSO (EPSO) was prepared; the system was analyzed for color, rheological properties and microstructure before spray drying to produce microencapsulated PSO (MPSO). MPSO was analyzed for moisture, water activity, bulk density, color and FAME composition. PSO or MPSO was added to a commercial baby-food product (CB) and all baby-food samples were compared for PV, FFAs, FAME, and color. Experiments were completed in triplicate and data statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). PSO had higher percentages of total omega-3, total monounsaturated DHA, and EPA than MPSO. EPSO exhibited viscoelastic characteristic and the droplet size of EPSO was 1–9 μm. Total omega-3 and total monounsaturated contents of the MPSO were lower than PSO. All baby-food samples with added fish oils had similar color. DHA and EPA contents of baby food were increased over three fold by the addition of PSO and/or MPSO. MPSO can be added to CB resulting in increasing total percent omega-3 fatty acids while maintaining desirable attributes of the CB.
The central limit theorem for weighted empirical processes indexed by sets

Abstract Sufficient conditions are found for the weak convergence of a weighted empirical process { ( ν n (C) q(P(C)) ) 1 [P(C) ⪰ λ n ] : C ∈ C }, indexed by a class C of sets and weighted by a function q of the size of each set. We find those functions q which allow weak convergence to a sample-continuous Gaussian process, and, given q , determine the fastest rate at which one may allow λ n → 0.
Defining Operational Concepts using SysML: System Definition from the Human Perspective

Uses cases & scenarios are an effective means of assessing system operation from the user's perspective. Rather than focus on obscure “functional requirements”, which are oftentimes elusive to grasp and difficult for the end-user to understand, this tutorial explores how an operational concept based on use cases & scenarios can be used to focus on the user's perspective of the system, with subsequent improvements in the completeness and understanding of the functional requirements. This tutorial explores why an Operational Concept document is written, what the Operational Concept is, and how it can be effectively applied on your project through use case & scenario descriptions and SysML diagramming. Tutorial includes a workshop format to apply lessons learned and discuss strategies. SysML concepts explored include use case diagrams and activity diagrams to express main use case scenarios, alternate courses, exception cases, and extension use cases.
Abstract B5: Epigenetic modification of AR in PC3 cells negatively regulates mTORC1/2 activity

Abstract Wild type androgen receptor (AR) acts as a tumor suppressor and mediates the differentiation of non-malignant prostate epithelial cells. However, in the development of prostate cancer AR activity becomes critical for the development and progression of disease. Previous studies demonstrate that re-expressing wild type AR within an AR negative cell line (PC3) possesses tumor suppressor quality by reducing cell proliferation and tumorgenicity in mice. Further, it is documented that acetylation of AR in non-malignant cells is a post-translational modification associated with increased transcriptional activity of AR, whereas acetylation of AR in tumor cells results in negative regulation of AR transcriptional activity. We therefor are seeking to investigate the regulation of re-expressed AR within PC3 cells by induced acetylation post HDAC inhibition. Our preliminary data reveals that sensitivity to HDAC inhibition is increased with the re-expression of AR in PC3 cells. Further, epigenetic modification of AR in this model negatively regulates mTORC1 and mTORC2 expression and activity, independent of AR transcriptional activity. Ongoing experiments are being conducted to investigate further the role of epigenetic post-translational modification of AR and its negative regulation of mTORC1/2 signaling. Citation Format: Leigh Ellis, Remi Adelaiye, Shengyu Ku, Alejandro Godoy, Roberto Pili. Epigenetic modification of AR in PC3 cells negatively regulates mTORC1/2 activity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr B5.
Characterization of the embedded micromechanical device approach to the monolithic integration of MEMS with CMOS

Recently, a great deal of interest has developed in manufacturing processes that allow the monolithic integration of MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) with driving, controlling, and signal processing electronics. This integration promises to improve the performance of micromechanical devices as well as lower the cost of manufacturing, packaging, and instrumenting these devices by combining the micromechanical devices with a electronic devices in the same manufacturing and packaging process. In order to maintain modularity and overcome some of the manufacturing challenges of the CMOS-first approach to integration, we have developed a MEMS-first process. This process places the micromechanical devices in a shallow trench, planarizes the wafer, and seals the micromechanical devices in the trench. Then, a high-temperature anneal is performed after the devices are embedded in the trench prior to microelectronics processing. This anneal stress-relieves the micromechanical polysilicon and ensures that the subsequent thermal processing associated with fabrication of the microelectronic processing does not adversely affect the mechanical properties of the polysilicon structures. These wafers with the completed, planarized micromechanical devices are then used as starting material for conventional CMOS processes. The circuit yield for the process has exceeded 98%. A description of the integration technology, the refinements to the technology, and wafer-scale parametric measurements of device characteristics is presented. Additionally, the performance of integrated sensing devices built using this technology is presented.
Amino acid transport by corneal epithelial cells from the toad, Bufo marinus☆

Abstract 1. 1. α-Aminoisobutyric acid is actively accumulated by the epithelium of the cornea of the toad, Bufo marinus , resulting in a tissue to medium ratio of 4 to 1 after 40 min of incubation. 2. 2. The accumulation of α-aminoisobutyric acid is ouabain-sensitive and dependent upon the presence of extracellular sodium. 3. 3. Transport is inhibited by carbon monoxide, 6-aminonicotinamide, arsenite and n -heptyl-3-hydroxy-quinoline-M-oxide and stimulated by diamide.
The immunological detection of yeast nonsense termination fragments on sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gels.

A sensitive immunological technique is described that detects proteins in sodium dodecylsulfate gels of crude cell extracts. The method is based on the binding of 125I-protein A to gels that have been incubated with antibody to a specific protein. Using antibody to the yeast HIS4 protein, single polypeptides can be detected in mutant and wild-type extracts. The size of these polypeptides correlates both with the type of mutation and with its location in the HIS4,m region.
Thermoelectric power of some high-Tc oxides.

Thermoelectric power (S) measurements are reported in some La/sub 2/CuO/sub 4-//sub y/ oxides with Ba and Sr doping. S gradually decreases with increasing dopant concentration x, and for small concentration the trend can be described by assuming strong correlations. While S is small for high x, the temperature dependences found indicate that the materials are not simple, uncorrelated wide-band metals.
Quantitation of cefazolin sodium in plasma and tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract A sensitive and reproducible HPLC method for the determination of cefazolin sodium in plasma and tissues of albino rats was developed. The assay technique utilizes a simple methanol extraction of the antibiotic and sulfamethoxazole or succinyl sulfathiazole as the internal standard. The proteins in plasma or tissue homogenates were precipitated by the addition of concentrated solution of trichloroacetic acid. Separation of the drug was performed on a μBondapak C 18 column using a 0.1 M sodium acetate buffer (pH 3.85): acetonitrile (89:11) mobile phase and the eluent was monitored at 254 nm. The limits of detection were 0.1 μg/ml of plasma and 1 μg/g tissue, and the linearity ranges were 0.1–200 μg/ml of plasma and 1–40 μg/g tissue. An excellent linear correlation was observed between the peak height ratios and the cefazolin concentration ( r 2 = not less than 0.999). Minimum and maximum coefficient of variation were 2.54% and 3.12%, respectively, for the plasma and 2.17% to 3.51% and 0.82% to 3.06% for tissues at the concentration levels of 2 μg/ml (g) and 20 μg/ml (g), respectively. The method has been used to study cefazolin physiological pharmacokinetics in more than 80 rats and has been proven to be reproducible and sensitive.
Studies on the in vivo biotransformation of the tobacco alkaloid beta-nicotyrine.

This paper reports the results of studies on the in vivo metabolic fate of the tobacco alkaloid 1-methyl-2-(3-pyridinyl)pyrrole (β-nicotyrine) in New Zealand white rabbits. Two previously characterized metabolites, 5-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-(3-pyridinyl)-2-pyrrolidinone (5-hydroxycotinine) and 2-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-(3-pyridinyl)-3-pyrrolin-2-one, were present in low concentrations in the urine of the treated animals. The major urinary metabolite of β-nicotyrine was identified as cis-3‘-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-(3-pyridinyl)-2-pyrrolidinone (cis-3‘-hydroxycotinine), the diastereoisomer of the major urinary metabolite of (S)-nicotine. The pathway leading to cis-3‘-hydroxycotinine is proposed to proceed via autoxidation of 2-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-(3-pyridinyl)pyrrole, a postulated cytochrome P450-generated metabolite of β-nicotyrine, followed by reduction of the carbon−carbon double bond present in the resulting 3-hydroxy-3-pyrrolin-2-one species. This proposal is supported by the in vivo biotransformation of 2-acetoxy-1-m...
Regression of lactose malabsorption in coeliac patients after receiving a gluten-free diet.

Objective. In a recent study by our group, it was shown that a large proportion of patients with lactose malabsorption and with no bacterial overgrowth are affected by silent coeliac disease (CD). Our aim was to evaluate the effect of a gluten-free diet on lactose malabsorption assessed using the hydrogen lactose breath test (LBT) and also the relationship with normalization of duodenal biopsies in coeliac patients. Material and methods. Fifteen patients (11 F, 4 M; mean age 35.8±6) affected by CD with a positive LBT and negative glucose breath test were enrolled. All were started on a gluten-free diet and were re-evaluated after 6 months by LBT and after 12 months by both LBT and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsies. Results. LBT normalization was observed in 1 out of 15 patients (6.7%) after 6 months and in 9 of the remaining 14 (64.2%) after 12 months. Duodenal biopsies showed normal villi in 8 patients, partial villous atrophy in 5 and total atrophy in 2. Conclusions. The present study shows...
A general analytical theory of frequency conversion

Three theorems are announced as the groundwork of a new methodology for rigorous analysis of frequency conversion. One of several advantages of this methodology is that it obviates numerical integrations for Fourier coefficients. Casting the Taylor series in the formalism of differential operators leads to the introduction of a new entity called Mixer Functional which is composed of modified Bessel functions. Harmonic generation, frequency mixing, frequency modulation, and heterodyne detection are consolidated under one common approach. The Mixer Functional of first order yields Fourier coefficients of nonlinear functions of cos /spl omega/t (Theorem 1). The second- and higher order functionals give amplitudes of mixed harmonics of two or more primary frequencies (Theorem 2). A definition of the basic passive nonlinear elements is proposed and used, and then the methodology is illustrated by application to typical semiconductor devices. Nonlinear perturbation theory is developed for analyzing feedback when a linear load is in series with a nonlinear device and a voltage source. Theorem 3 addresses augmented conversion when the linear load is a resistor. This theorem also yields an analytical solution for the quiescent operating point in electronic circuits, thus complementing the traditional graphical load line approach.
Internal transcribed spacer rRNA gene sequencing analysis of fungal diversity in Kansas City indoor environments

Compared to traditional methods of fungal exposure assessment, molecular methods have provided new insight into the richness of fungal communities present in both indoor and outdoor environments. In this study, we describe the diversity of fungi in the homes of asthmatic children located in Kansas City. Fungal diversity was determined by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal RNA derived from fungi collected in air and dust samples from 31 homes participating in the Kansas City Safe and Healthy Homes Program (KCSHHP). Sequencing results were then compared to data obtained using viable and non-viable fungal exposure assessment methods. ITS clone libraries were predominantly derived from the phylum Ascomycota in both air (68%) and dust (92%) samples and followed by the Basidiomycota and Zygomycota. The majority of Ascomycota clones belonged to four orders including the Pleosporales, Eurotiales, Capnodiales, and Dothideales. ITS sequencing revealed the presence of a number of rarely documented fungal species placed in the Pleosporales. Several species placed in the Basidiomycota were detected in ITS clone libraries but not by viable or non-viable methods. The prevalence of organizational taxonomic units (OTUs) was significantly higher in air than in dust samples (p < 0.0001); however, no differences between OTUs in air samples collected in the subjects' room and basement were observed. These sequencing results demonstrate a much broader diversity of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota communities in KCSHHP indoor environments than previously estimated using traditional methods of assessment.
Microelectromechanical devices for satellite thermal control

Future space missions will include constellations of spacecraft, including nano- and picosatellites, where adaptive thermal control systems will be needed that fit the constraints of space applications with limited power and mass budgets. A microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) solution has been developed that will vary the emissivity on the surface of the small satellite radiator. The system is based on louver thermal controllers, where panels are mechanically positioned to modulate the effective radiator surface area. This system consists of MEMS arrays of gold-coated sliding shutters, fabricated with the Sandia ultraplanar, multilevel MEMS technology fabrication process, which utilizes multilayer polycrystalline silicon surface micromachining. The shutters can be operated independently to allow digital control of the effective emissivity. This first demonstrator technology is limited in the possible emittance range to a 40% change. Early prototypes of MEMS louvers that open away from the structure have shown the capability of a much wider dynamic range. The first generation of this active thermal management system will be demonstrated on NASA's New Millennium Program ST-5 spacecraft. With the opportunity to validate the MEMS thermal control technology in space on ST-5, lightweight, low-power MEMS radiators offer a possibility for flexible thermal control on future nanosatellites.