cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Motivational interviewing, enhancement, and brief interventions over the last decade: A review of reviews of efficacy and effectiveness

Motivation is a well-established predictor of recovery for addictive behaviors. Treatments aimed at changing substance use and gambling frequently employ motivational enhancing strategies, based in the principles of Motivational Interviewing (MI). Evidence for these approaches across addictive behaviors does not always paint a clear picture. The purpose of this review was to examine existing reviews of motivational-based interventions for various substances of abuse and gambling in the last decade to gain a deeper understanding of the current evidence and implications for future research and clinical practice. Literature searches were conducted to identify review articles from January 1, 2007 to January 30, 2017 for motivational enhancing interventions for alcohol, tobacco, drugs, marijuana, cocaine, opioids, methamphetamines, and gambling. Of the 144 articles assessed we included a total of 34 review articles in our review, including 6 Cochrane reviews. This review supports use of motivationally enhancing interventions across addictive behaviors with strongest evidence supporting use in alcohol and tobacco, with brief interventions showing strong efficacy. There is strong support for MI with marijuana and some support for gambling. Insufficient evidence is available for methamphetamine or opiate use. There are important caveats. In most cases, MI is more effective than no treatment and as effective (but not necessarily more effective) than other active treatments. Findings for effectiveness of more intensive motivational interventions or combinations are mixed. Treatment fidelity assessments, limited subpopulation analyses, and differences in dose, outcomes, and protocol specification continue to pose significant problems for reviews. (PsycINFO Database Record
The effect of radiation on prostatic growth.

Radiation is increasingly important in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma. The effect and mechanism of action of radiation on prostatic growth was studied using the ventral prostate of the testosterone-treated rat. Prostatic radiation blocked testosterone-stimulated prostatic growth. Electron microscopy showed this inhibition to be associated with spdcific morphologic alterations. While radiation caused profound inhibition of prostatic DNA synthesis, only modest effects on nuclear uptake of dihydrotestosterone and on prostatic 5..cap alpha..-reductase were observed. Based on these animal studies, it is concluded that a major mechanism whereby radiation blocks testosterone-stimulated prostatic growth operates through inhibition of DNA synthesis.
Human Part Segmentation in Depth Images with Annotated Part Positions

We present a method of segmenting human parts in depth images, when provided the image positions of the body parts. The goal is to facilitate per-pixel labelling of large datasets of human images, which are used for training and testing algorithms for pose estimation and automatic segmentation. A common technique in image segmentation is to represent an image as a two-dimensional grid graph, with one node for each pixel and edges between neighbouring pixels. We introduce a graph with distinct layers of nodes to model occlusion of the body by the arms. Once the graph is constructed, the annotated part positions are used as seeds for a standard interactive segmentation algorithm. Our method is evaluated on two public datasets containing depth images of humans from a frontal view. It produces a mean per-class accuracy of 93.55% on the first dataset, compared to 87.91% (random forest and graph cuts) and 90.31% (random forest and Markov random field). It also achieves a per-class accuracy of 90.60% on the second dataset. Future work can experiment with various methods for creating the graph layers to accurately model occlusion.
Insulin receptor tyrosine kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation of 422(aP2) protein. Substrate activation by long-chain fatty acid.

It was established previously that the 15-kDa protein phosphorylated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with insulin and phenylarsine oxide is O-phospho-Tyr19 422(aP2) protein, a fatty acid-binding protein. To assess its capacity to serve as substrate of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase in vitro, native 422(aP2) protein was isolated from 3T3-L1 adipocytes and purified to homogeneity. Receptor-catalyzed phosphorylation of 422(aP2) protein on Tyr19 was markedly activated when long-chain fatty acid, e.g. oleic acid, is bound to the protein. Fatty acid had no effect on autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor by its intrinsic tyrosine kinase. Both saturated (C14, C16, and C18) and unsaturated (all cis-delta 9 C16, -delta 9 C18, and -delta 9,12 C18, -delta 9,12,15 C18, and -delta 5,8,11,14 C20) fatty acids caused substrate activation. The Km for 422(aP2) protein was greatly reduced (from 170 to 3 microM) by oleic acid with little or no effect on Vmax. Upon binding fatty acid to 422(aP2) protein the susceptibility of Tyr19 and Tyr128 to iodination by the lactoperoxidase method increased greatly. These results indicate that upon binding fatty acid, 422(aP2) protein undergoes a conformational change whereby Tyr19, which lies within a consensus-type sequence for tyrosine kinase substrates, becomes accessible for phosphorylation by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase and to iodination by lactoperoxidase.
Thermal Conductivity Measurement of the ZnS-SiO2 Dielectric Films for Optical Data Storage Applications

The amorphous/crystalline phase formation during writing or erasure of the written marks, in the rewritable phase change (PC) optical recording media, is controlled by the temperature distribution in the media and its variation with time. Temperature distribution, on the other hand, strongly depends on the thermal properties of its constituent layers in particular the ZnS-SiO2 dielectric layer that separates the phase change media from the substrate and aluminum heat sink. The reported values for the thermal conductivity of thin dielectric layers are however limited in the literature. In this manuscript, we report thermal conductivity data for dielectric layers of thickness near 50, 100 and 225 nm using the steady sate Joule-heating and electrical resistance thermometry technique. The boundary resistance at the interface is estimated to be near 7.0×10−8 m2 K W−1 , which would limit the thermal time constant for cooling of PC layer and potentially impact data rate and jitter in optical recording technology.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
The Effect of Mutual Fund Fees on Performance: A Review of the Literature for Practitioners

Like any consumer product, mutual funds are not free, and the associated expenses impact performance. Expense ratios and loads are negatively related to performance (Carhart, 1997; Dellva & Olson, 1998). As such, financial planners ought to educate their clients about the importance of minimizing fees. Although the impact on performance is mixed, 12b 1 fees are not found to reduce other expenses and should be avoided. Redemption fees and incentive fees can help align the interests of managers and other shareholders with those of long-term investment strategies. Any mutual fund with redemption fees can be beneficial, and incentive fees can be beneficial for actively managed funds, given that expense ratios are minimized. Because investors tend to pay more attention to loads and commissions, financial planners also have a responsibility to raise their clients’ awareness of high expense ratios and their effect on performance. An analysis of fees ought to be part of the due diligence performed by a financial planner. Because financial planners are frequently compensated on a fee-based structure, they may be hesitant to discuss the role that fees play on performance. However, Choi, Laibson, and Madrian (2008) suggest that clients will likely be grateful for the efforts to minimize expenses in order to increase expected risk-adjusted return. This effort to minimize expenses can also be highlighted when meeting with new clients in order to ease potential concerns about the additional cost of the financial planner.
Using GIS to Advance Social Economics Research: Geocoding, Aggregation, and Spatial Thinking

The political, social, and economic conditions which lead to inequality, poverty, and health disparities have distinct spatial footprints. Geographic information systems (GIS) are a collection of t...
Combinatorial constructions in ergodic theory and dynamics

Introduction Approximation and genericity in ergodic theory Cocycles, cohomology and combinatorial constructions References.
The Encoding of Speech Sounds in the Superior Temporal Gyrus

The human superior temporal gyrus (STG) is critical for extracting meaningful linguistic features from speech input. Local neural populations are tuned to acoustic-phonetic features of all consonants and vowels and to dynamic cues for intonational pitch. These populations are embedded throughout broader functional zones that are sensitive to amplitude-based temporal cues. Beyond speech features, STG representations are strongly modulated by learned knowledge and perceptual goals. Currently, a major challenge is to understand how these features are integrated across space and time in the brain during natural speech comprehension. We present a theory that temporally recurrent connections within STG generate context-dependent phonological representations, spanning longer temporal sequences relevant for coherent percepts of syllables, words, and phrases.
Recent technological advancements in regional anesthesia

Just two decades ago, regional anesthesia was performed blindly with dubious outcomes and little support from surgeons and patients. Technological advances in regional anesthesia have revolutionized techniques and largely improved outcomes. Ultrasound (US) technology continues to advance and has become more affordable. Improvements have come in the form of picture quality, resolution, portability, and smaller equipment. The US technology can identify otherwise unrecognized pathology and can help to optimize patient flow by allowing for more accurate triage and effective treatments and providing timelier interventions. In recent years, several different strategies to help improve and ease US-guided needle identification and placement have been developed, including magnetically guided needle US technology. Three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) US use is another potential way to help improve first-pass success and limit patient harm for regional anesthetics. The advent of echogenic needles and the resulting improvement in needle visualization under US has had a positive impact on physician comfort in performing regional anesthesia and on visualization time of the needle during US-guided procedures. To reduce variability and to reduce the anesthesiologist's workload, the use of robots in regional anesthesia has been assessed in recent years. Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) has also demonstrated efficacy in acute and chronic pain settings. Additional research and randomized controlled trials are necessary to evaluate novel technologies.
Fatal Radiation Pneumonitis: Literature Review and Case Series.

Abstract Purpose Fatal radiation pneumonitis is a rare event. In recent years, higher incidences of grade 5 pneumonitis have been reported. Based on 3 cases in our clinic, a literature review was performed to assess specific clinical features and risk factors for fatal pneumonitis. Methods and Materials Three patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer were treated with conventionally fractionated radiation therapy, 2 with volumetric modulated arc therapy and one with intensity modulated radiation therapy. All 3 patients had high volumes of 5 Gy in the total lung and contralateral lungs. Patients died of pneumonitis between 2 and 5 months after the end of radiation therapy. A literature review focused on grade 5 pneumonitis was performed for conventionally fractioned and stereotactic radiation therapy for lung cancer. Results Patients with grade 5 pneumonitis develop symptoms sooner than lower grade pneumonitis. Symptoms often do not respond to steroid treatment or return after steroid taper. Imaging features extend beyond the high dose area and involve the contralateral lung. Dosimetric risk factors include both low dose and high dose lung volumes. For patients undergoing stereotactic radiation therapy interstitial lung disease has been described as a risk factor. Conclusions Despite decades of investigating radiation pneumonitis, the question of the optimum dose distribution in the lung, a large dose to a small volume versus a small dose to a large volume, is still unresolved. When both low and high dose lung volume constraints are followed, the risk for grade 5 pneumonitis has been shown to be low even with intensity modulated radiation therapy and concurrent chemotherapy. In addition to dose factors, underlying clinical and radiographic parameters play an important role for the development of grade 5 pneumonitis.
Neuromuscular actuation of biohybrid motile bots

The integration of muscle cells with soft robotics in recent years has led to the development of biohybrid machines capable of untethered locomotion. A major frontier that currently remains unexplored is neuronal actuation and control of such muscle-powered biohybrid machines. As a step toward this goal, we present here a biohybrid swimmer driven by on-board neuromuscular units. The body of the swimmer consists of a free-standing soft scaffold, skeletal muscle tissue, and optogenetic stem cell-derived neural cluster containing motor neurons. Myoblasts embedded in extracellular matrix self-organize into a muscle tissue guided by the geometry of the scaffold, and the resulting muscle tissue is cocultured in situ with a neural cluster. Motor neurons then extend neurites selectively toward the muscle and innervate it, developing functional neuromuscular units. Based on this initial construct, we computationally designed, optimized, and implemented light-sensitive flagellar swimmers actuated by these neuromuscular units. Cyclic muscle contractions, induced by neural stimulation, drive time-irreversible flagellar dynamics, thereby providing thrust for untethered forward locomotion of the swimmer. Overall, this work demonstrates an example of a biohybrid robot implementing neuromuscular actuation and illustrates a path toward the forward design and control of neuron-enabled biohybrid machines.
Power Management for Functional Units

Although the computer-aided design techniques presented in the previous chapter successfully exploit idleness to reduce power, they have limited applicability. Designers are interested in minimizing power consumption on entire chips, not only on controllers or interface circuitry. Thus more powerful techniques are needed for optimizing parts of a design which are not specified as finite-state machines. To increase the size of the circuits that can be automatically optimized by power management, we can resort to two alternative approaches. We can formulate techniques which operate at a higher level of abstraction (i.e., register-transfer or behavioral level). Some accuracy in idleness detection is lost, but efficiency is much improved. Alternatively, we can work at a level of abstraction even lower than that of FSM specifications. In this case, detection accuracy is high, but specialized algorithms are required to cope with the computational burden. We first outline the salient features of specification styles at diffrent abstraction levels, then we briefly discuss advantages and limitations of the two alternative approaches.
Rakshak – An IoT based application to address safety concerns of an Individual, Group and an Entity

The aim of this paper is to design an Internet of Things (IoT) based security and alert system named "Rakshak" which will serve as an easy and quick reporting application or a system for any emergency like medical, fire and police, Rakshak’s main goal is to ensure enhanced safety and security of every individual and has the potential to control and lower the crime rate and the loss during emergencies. This paper describes System block diagram, Functional diagram, Flowcharts of Requestor – Mobile Application, Smart Tag, Controller, receiver – Mobile Application, Alert Station and functioning of each one in detail. This paper also includes design architecture, implementation details, advantages, Misuse Control and Future Enhancements.
The Flaming Feet and Other Essays: The Dalit Movement in India

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: D.R. Nagaraj Year: 2011 Pages: 254 Publisher: Seagull Books ISBN: 978-1-906497-80-4 (hard cover).
An operator-based model of human covert visual attention

Over the last thirty years there has been much research into the nature of covert visual attention, which is the portion of visual attention that does not involve movement of the head or eyes. Surprisingly, though the role of covert visual attention has been shown to be diverse, most attentional theories are not able to explain more than one observed behavior. For instance, a theory of how attention is involved in identification may not be able to explain how attention is involved in search. Of the theories that do attempt to explain more than one attentional phenomenon, there are few that are specified to the extent that they might be considered computational. I have developed an operator-based computational model of human covert visual attention in two dimensions that is based on the Model Human Processor. My theory, which is called "NOVA" (Not Overt Visual Attention), is unique because it accounts for behavior in seven of the most significant classes of visual attention experiments from the psychology literature. These include precuing, crowding, decay, illusory conjunctions, search, counting, and detection experiments. NOVA task models are composed of operator traces. Each operator trace is composed of a linear sequence of operators, which are deliberate acts, such as a shift of attention or an act of recognition. Timing calculations are made by summing durations of component operator applications, perceptual dependencies and motor actions. Task performance is explained by operator traces in all seven experiments, and in five of the seven experiments timing performance is explained. In the other two experiments, timing was not presented as part of the experimental results. Since operators apply in approximately 50 msec, that is the limit to the timing resolution of NOVA. I have implemented NOVA and all of my task models in the Soar cognitive architecture. Soar is well suited as a platform for implementing a model based on the Model Human Processor, since it possesses many of the Model Human Processor's most important aspects. Implementation is a check of NOVA's specification and evidence that NOVA could be integrated with more complex models of behavior.
Die logische Rekonstruktion eines Gegenstandsbereiches: Eine Fallstudie

In dieser Arbeit wird die Rekonstruktion von Aspekten eines Gegenstandsbereichs des LILOG-Systems vorgestellt. Im Vordergrund steht hier die Rekonstruktion eines Teils des Weltwissens, das fur das Verstehens eines naturlichsprachlichen Textes notwendig ist. Diese Rekonstruktion umfast die in diesem Text auftretenden Referenzobjekte und deren zugehorige Sortenhierarchie. Als Sortenbeschreibungssprache wurde eine Variante der logikbasierte Beschreibungs- sprache S0RTLLILOG LILOG-Projektes genommen. Die Moglichkeiten und Schwierigkeiten einer solchen Rekonstruktion werden aufgezeigt und diskutiert.
Transfection in Pneumococcus: Single-Strand Intermediates in the Formation of Infective Centers

Transfection has been found and characterized in pneumococcus. For replicating omega3 phage DNA extracted from infected cells, transfection was relatively efficient and rose linearly with DNA concentration and quadratically with time, according to T(T - 3.5) min(2). For mature DNA extracted from phage particles, transfection was hardly detectable below 1 mug/ml but increased about as the cube of the DNA concentration up to 100 mug/ml, and was still rising at concentrations over 200 mug/ml. The kinetics suggest a dependence on a mixed cubic function of the time of exposure of cells to mature DNA. Cell and phage DNAs competed with each other for transformation and transfection. Transfection was reduced much more strongly than transformation in cells that were deficient in the membrane-bound endonuclease required for conversion of donor duplex DNA to intracellular single strands; these data agree with the kinetic data in implying that independent entry of segments of two strands is necessary for transfection by replicating omega3 phage DNA and entry of at least three strands is necessary for transfection by mature DNA. To reconcile differing DNA concentration dependences of transfection and transformation with a common entry path, it was necessary to reexamine data on transformation and to recognize that this process continued to rise slowly through the concentration region usually described as "plateau." These results and the transfection data reflect multiple binding and nicking events that occurred on the cell surface before entry. Our conclusion is that transfection in pneumococcus occurs by association inside the cell of segments of single strands of phage DNA that have entered independently, creating gapped structures that need repair synthesis to create infective centers. Physical recombination is therefore automatically a prerequisite to transfection.
Using the FASB's qualitative characteristics in earnings quality measures

In this study, I develop a measure of earnings quality by using qualitative characteristics of financial statement information specified in the Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts (SFAC) No. 2 (FASB 1980). I derive a summary measure of earnings quality by applying factor analysis on fifteen variables representing different components of two primary dimensions of earnings quality: relevance and reliability. I then test the validity of the earnings quality construct by examining whether the construct reflects decision usefulness that is operationalized in two ways: value relevance and cost of capital analyses. I provide empirical evidence suggesting that the earnings quality construct reflects decision usefulness to investors, which is consistent with the FASB's assertion. Finally, I explore the relative desirability of each dimension in light of decision usefulness of earnings information, and find that investors, in general, prefer relevance to reliability dimension of earnings.
A study on electrical design, modeling and validation methods for 1st & 2nd level high-speed interconnects

This paper investigates various options for 1st & 2nd level high-density interconnect technologies enabling next generation 10-20 Gbps/channel chip-to-chip link speed. In comparison to current technologies, the new technology options include thinner dielectric substrate, thinner copper for signal layer, lower loss dielectric material, Cu-alloy spring LGA (land-grid array) sockets, and conductive elastomer LGA sockets. In the evaluation of each technology, the modeling and validation methods are to be electrically accurate, mechanically stable and practically realizable. With these concepts in mind, various test coupons, measurements and modeling setups, and fixtures were designed to investigate various aspects of high-speed IO signal integrity impacted by different stack-ups, dielectric substrate materials and socket pin technologies. This paper highlighted some representative cases of modeling and validation methods specifically developed for Intel CPU chip-carrier packages and sockets.
Xanthomatous Biliary Cirrhosis in the Male: A Report of Two Cases with Biochemical Improvement in one After Exploratory Laparotomy

Xanthomatous biliary cirrhosis or biliary cirrhosis with xanthomatosis is a rare form of cirrhosis which attracts unusual interest because of the marked and pathognomonic alterations of the plasma lipids and the conspicuous and grotesque skin lesions. This report is prompted by the rarity of this disease in the male and the rapid improvement in one of these patients following exploratory laparotomy.
Mainland colonization by island lizards

Aim We investigate biogeographic relationships within the lizard genus Anolis Daudin, 1802 to test the hypothesis that the mainland (Central and South American) Norops-clade species descended from a West Indian Anolis ancestor. Previous hypotheses have suggested that close island relatives of mainland Norops species (the Cuban Anolis sagrei and Jamaican A. grahami series) represent over-water dispersal from a mainland ancestor. These previous hypotheses predict that the A. sagrei and A. grahami series should be phylogenetically nested within a Norops clade whose ancestral geography traces to the mainland. If Norops is West Indian in origin, then West Indian species should span the deepest phylogenetic divergences within the Norops clade. Location Central and South America and West Indian islands. Methods The phylogenetic relationships of Anolis lizards are reconstructed from aligned DNA sequences using both parsimony and Bayesian approaches. Hypotheses are tested in two ways: (1) by reconstructing the ancestral geographic location for the Norops clade using Pagel & Lutzoni's (2002) Bayesian approach, and (2) by testing alternative topological arrangements via Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks tests (Templeton, 1983) and Shimodaira–Hasegawa tests (Shimodaira & Hasegawa, 1999). Results Our evidence supports an origin of mainland Norops anoles from a West Indian ancestor. A West Indian ancestor to the Norops clade is statistically supported, and alternatives to the biogeographic pattern [Cuban (Jamaican, Mainland)] are statistically rejected by Shimodaira–Hasegawa tests, although not by Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks tests. Main conclusions Our data support the hypothesis of a West Indian origin for mainland Norops. This result contradicts previous hypotheses and suggests that island forms may be an important source for mainland biodiversity.
The Production of a Root Surface Smear Layer by Instrumentation and its Removal by Citric Acid

The purpose of this study was to characterize, using the scanning electron microscope, the nature of root surfaces denuded by (1) root planing alone or (2) root planing plus citric acid treatment. Six teeth were extracted from three squirrel monkeys, and the coronal half of the root surface was planed to remove attached periodontal ligament fibers and cementum. Citric acid, pH 1, was topically applied to the denuded surfaces of 3 teeth. The surface of only root-planed specimens had an irregular surface which corresponded to a smear layer. Root surfaces that had received acid treatment after root planing exhibited funnel-shaped orifices of dentinal tubules, and intertubular zones with a fibrillar, mat-like morphology. The implications of the different root-surface characteristics are discussed.
Histopathology due to the presence of Gracilisentis gracilisentis in Dorosoma cepedianum (Le Sueur)

The acanthocephalan, Gracilisentis gracilisentis, infects the pyloric caeca and small intestine of Dorosoma cepedianum. Sections of intestinal tissue were examined microscopically and indicated pathological lesions were produced by G. gracilisentis in the mucosa and submucosa. G. gracilisentis occurs during the period of seasonal mortalities of D. cepedianum and may be responsible for such mortalities.
US police officers’ knowledge regarding behaviors indicative of deception: Implications for eradicating erroneous beliefs through training

Abstract The current study surveyed a random sample of Texas law enforcement officers (n = 109) about their knowledge regarding behaviors indicative of deception. The officers were not highly knowledgeable about this topic, overall performing at a chance level in assessing how various behavioral cues relate to deception. Confidence in one's skill was unrelated to accuracy, and officers who reported receiving the most training and utilizing these skills more often were more confident but no more accurate in their knowledge of the behaviors that typically betray deception. The authors compare these results to previous studies that have examined officers’ beliefs in other countries and discuss the implication of these results in terms of developing future training programs that may debunk the common misconceptions that officers possess.
Papillomavirus E2 protein interacts with and stimulates human topoisomerase I

The papillomavirus (PV) E2 protein plays a role in recruiting viral and cellular DNA replication factors, such as PV E1 or RPA to PV genomes. Using both purified proteins and through co-precipitation, it was determined that HPV-11 E2 binds human topoisomerase I. E2 can stimulate topoisomerase I DNA relaxation activity 3- to 4-fold. Conversely, topoisomerase I is unable to stimulate E2 DNA binding. These findings suggest that stimulation of topoisomerase I by E2 may help promote efficient relaxation of the torsional stress induced by PV DNA replication.
Pure rotational spectrum of HCl and DCl in liquid SF6

Abstract The far infrated spectrum of dilute solutions of HCl and DCl dissolved in liquid SF 6 at 0°c is observed in the frequency region 30 cm −1 . A broad absorption band is obtained for DCl which is in excellent agreement with the band envelope defined by the relative integrated intensity of each of the pure rotational transitions in the gas phase. The HCl spectrum, however, shows clearly resolved lines superimposed on a broad absorption band. These lines are readily identifiable with the pure rotational lines in the gas phase.
Early Development of the Acoustic Reflex

Acoustic reflex testing was conducted on 2-day-old and on 6-week-old infants to determine how frequently, if at all, the acoustic reflex occurs, if it can be reliably observed, and also to determine what is the mean normal acoustic reflex threshold for pure tones and broad-band noise in these populations. Twenty normal infants were tested in each group. Each infant was considered to be normal by the following criteria: full term, normal pregnancy and delivery, birth weight greater than 2 500 g, 5-min Apgar of 7 or greater, and considered to be not at risk for hearing loss by the absence of any high risk factors. Subjects were tested following feedings. Acoustic reflexes were obtained from subjects with normal tympanograms (± 50 mm H2O) for 500, 1 000, 2 000, and 4 000 Hz and broad-band noise stimuli. Behavioral responses were common, requiring quieting pauses in testing and repeated stimulation for habituation of the behavioral component. Acoustic reflexes were observed, and normative reflex threshold dat...
The effects of dopamine infusion on regional blood flow in newborn lambs

The purpose of this project was to investigate the effects of high rates of dopamine infusion on cardiac output and regional blood flow in the lamb. We studied eight unanesthetized newborn lambs (mean age 7 +/- 2 days) during a 15-min baseline period and while infusing dopamine at 5-, 20-, 80-, and 160 micrograms/kg/min. We measured cardiac output and mean aortic, pulmonary arterial and left atrial pressures, and organ blood flow using radionuclide-labeled microspheres at each rate of dopamine infusion. Cardiac output increased significantly with increasing rates of infusion up to 80 micrograms/kg/min but decreased at 160 micrograms/kg/min. Aortic, pulmonary arterial, and left atrial pressures increased at rates of infusion above 5 micrograms/kg/min. Blood flow to all organs was unchanged at the 5 micrograms/kg/min rate of infusion of dopamine while blood flow to the brain and heart increased at the 80 micrograms/kg/min rate of infusion and blood flow to the gut and kidney decreased. We conclude that dopamine is an effective inotropic agent in the newborn lamb but that an inotropic:afterload mismatch exists at high infusion rates. Despite an increase in cardiac output at low rates of infusion, dopamine did not selectively vasodilate the vascular bed of any organs tested. Furthermore, at high rates of infusion dopamine actually impaired blood flow to the gut and kidney.
Heavy Alkaline-Earth Polyether Carboxylates. The Crystal Structure of {Ca[OOC(CH2)O(CH2)2]2O(H2O)2}21

Calcium, strontium, and barium derivatives of 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)acetic acid, 2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]acetic acid, and 3,6,9-trioxaundecanedioic acid (Htodd) can be prepared from the metal hyd...
High purity cyanides: A dying technology revived

Abstract Alkali cyanides are not generally available in adequate purity to permit single crystal growth. Commercially available NaCN and KCN may be purified by a combination of vacuum drying, gettering of oxygen-containing anions, melt filtration and/or zone refining. Alternatively, higher purity cyanides may be synthesized by a variety of techniques. The efficacies of various synthesis and purification schemers are compared using infrared absorption for the detection of anions and atomic absorption spectrophotometry for cations. A collection of physical properties of alkali cyanides is also presented.
Staining Osteoid Seams in Thin Slabs of Undecalcified Trabecular Bone

For qualitative and quantitative study of osteoid seams in trabecular bone, 5-7 mm thick slabs were cut from the bodies of fresh, frozen, undecalcified human vertebrae. After washing out the bone marrow and soft tissue in a jet stream of water, the slabs were stained in 0.5% aqueous basic fuchsin for 30-40 hr at 18-20 C. The specimens were then trimmed by sawing off both overstained surfaces, to make a 2 mm slab which was submerged in 50% ethanol (2 or 3 changes of 10-30 min each), until the nonosteoid trabeculae became pale pink. The slab was allowed to dry in air. Osteoid seams are stained dark red and are well differentiated under a dissecting microscope with reflected illumination, either dry or immersed in water. This method permits the various types of trabculae to be separately studied in the same specimen
Update on the surgical treatment for rheumatoid arthritis of the wrist and hand

Surgical procedures for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis are aimed at restoring function and decreasing pain. Over the past four decades multiple procedures have been described in the management of early and late disease. This article will review the most common forms of surgery used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Beam-commissioning methodology for a three-dimensional convolution/superposition photon dose algorithm.

Commissioning beam data for the convolution/superposition dose-calculation algorithm used in a commercial three-dimensional radiation treatment planning (3D RTP) system (PINNACLE3, ADAC Laboratories, Milpitas, CA) can be difficult and time consuming. Sixteen adjustable parameters, as well as spectral weights representing a discrete energy spectrum, must be fit to sets of central-axis depth doses and off-axis profiles for a large number of field sizes. This paper presents the beam-commissioning methodology that we used to generate accurate beam models. The methodology is relatively rapid and provides physically reasonable values for beam parameters. The methodology was initiated by using vendor-provided automodeling software to generate a single set of beam parameters that gives an approximate fit to relative dose distributions for all beams, open and wedged, in a data set. A limited number of beam parameters were adjusted by small amounts to give accurate beam models for four open-beam field sizes and three wedged-beam field sizes. Beam parameters for other field sizes were interpolated and validated against measured beam data. Using this methodology, a complete set of beam parameters for a single energy can be generated and validated in approximately 40 h. The resulting parameter values yielded calculated relative doses that matched measured relative doses in a water phantom to within 0.51.0 along the central axis and 2 along off-axis beam profiles for field sizes from 4cm4cm to the largest field size available. While the methodology presented is specific to the ADAC PINNACLE3 treatment planning system, the approach should apply to other implementations of the dose model in other treatment planning system. 2000 American College of Medical Physics.
Displacement, development, and modernity in the Colombian Pacific

One thing we know for certain is that those who instrumentalise the dominant notion of development to their advantage care very little about whom or what they run over. The current forced internal displacement in Colombia can be understood as the greatest aggression on Afro-descendants in Colombia in the last 150 years; it is not an isolated event, but an ensemble of systematic, open and deliberate actions and as such it is inscribed in, and functional to, both the war and development. y Initially ‘displaced’ from Africa, and after having reconstructed part of their culture and created new meanings and sense of belonging, the current wave of displacement is reminiscent of the times of slavery; the pain of family fragmentation, the impossibility of holding on to any goods and to the territory, the pain and abuse suffered by women, the participation of the men in an alien war, and the erosion of local authorities and autonomy all come back to the collective memory with this experience. (Rosero 2001)
Magnitude of the Pulfrich stereophenomenon as a function of target thickness.

When filters of unequal optical density are placed in front of the two eyes, a target which is actually oscillating in a frontoparallel plane appears nearer than it really is for one direction of stroke and farther than it really is for the return stroke (Pulfrich stereophenomenon). Measurements of the near and far displacements of an oscillating black vertical rod are obtained as functions of (a) target thickness, (b) target velocity, and (c) condition of unequal binocular retinal illuminance.The experimental data show that variation in target thickness has no effect on the magnitude of the apparent near and far displacements. Variations in target velocity and in condition of unequal binocular retinal illuminance produce characteristic effects which are shown to be in good quantitative agreement with geometrical predictions based on the theory of the Pulfrich stereophenomenon. Discrepancies in the magnitude of the displacements at low target velocities are noted and discussed.
Mapping of the Pim-1 oncogene in mouse t-haplotypes and its use to define the relative map positions of the tcl loci t0(t6) and tw12 and the marker tf (tufted).

Abstract Pim-1 is an oncogene activated in mouse T-cell lymphomas induced by Moloney and AKR mink cell focus (MCF) viruses. Pim-1 was previously mapped to chromosome 17 by somatic cell hybrids, and subsequently to the region between the hemoglobin α-chain pseudogene 4 ( Hba-4ps ) and the α-crystalline gene ( Crya-1 ) by Southern blot analysis of DNA obtained from panels of recombinant inbred strains. We have now mapped Pim-1 more accurately in t -haplotypes by analysis of recombinant t -chromosomes. The recombinants were derived from Tt s6 tf t 12 parents backcrossed to + tf +tf , and scored for recombination between the loci of T and tf . For simplicity all t -complex lethal genes properly named tck-t x are shortened to t x . The Pim-1 gene was localized 0.6 cM proximal to the t w 12 lethal gene, thus placing the Pim-1 gene 5.2 cM distal to the H-2 region in t -haplotypes. Once mapped, the Pim-1 gene was used as a marker for further genetic analysis of t -haplotypes, t w 12 is so close to tf that even with a large number of recombinants it was not possible to determine whether it is proximal or distal to tf . Southern blot analysis of DNA from T-tf recombinants with a separation of t w 12 and tf indicated that t w 12 is proximal to tf . The mapping of two alletic t -lethals, t 0 and t 6 with respect to t w 12 and tf has also been a problem. The map position of t 0 ( t 6 ) was obtained through Southern blot analysis of DNA from a panel of Tt s6 tf t 0 and Tt s6 tf t 6 recombinants with separation of t w 12 and t 0 ( t 6 ). t 0 ( t 6 ) was placed distal to tf . Southern blot analysis of the t h 20 deletion, which covers the locus of tf , indicated that this deletion does not include the Pim-1 gene.
Integrated Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Care at a Comprehensive Combat and Complex Casualty Care Program

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study is to describe the musculoskeletal rehabilitation model used to care for combat and severely wounded or ill US military service members at an integrated Comprehensive Combat and Complex Casualty Care center located at Naval Medical Center San Diego. Methods Through a collaborative and iterative process, providers from the various services included at the Comprehensive Combat and Complex Casualty Care program developed a description of the integration of services provided at this location. Results After construction of the facility in 2007, the program has provided services for approximately 2 years. Eighteen different health care providers from 10 different specialties provide integrated musculoskeletal services, which include primary care, physical therapy, occupational therapy, vestibular therapy, gait analysis, prosthetics, recreational therapy, and chiropractic care. At the time of this writing (early 2009), the program had provided musculoskeletal rehabilitation care to approximately 500 patients, 58 with amputations, from the operational theater, Veterans Affairs, other military treatment facilities, and local trauma centers. Conclusion The complex nature of combat wounded and polytrauma patients requires an integrated and interdisciplinary team that is innovative, adaptable, and focused on the needs of the patient. This article presents a description of the model and the experiences of our musculoskeletal rehabilitation team; it is our hope that this article will assist other centers and add to the small but emerging literature on this topic.
That's edu-tainment! Using games to engage, excite, and educate

Categories used in a professional development course Nursing icon Caring action Leadership characteristic Source of personal power Creativity synonym A new age of learners has dawned. The students we have enrolled in nursing today are technology savvy. They grew up on video and computer games, easily navigate the Internet, tend to have shorter attention spans, and prefer action to reflection (Gros, 2006). The reality for nurse educators in the 21st century is that we must respond to this changing environment and design new teaching strategies that educate and entertain... in other words we need to embrace “edu-tainment.” This generation of nursing students has far more experience in processing information rapidly than did their predecessors. Saloman (2000) described this as the “butterfly effect,” split-second responses that do not always involve much reflection. While uncertain as to whether this is an aid or obstacle, it is our current actuality and it must be acknowledged and accommodated. Educational gaming has had several names over the years, cybernetics, simulations, and participant-centered systems (Joyce & Weil, 1986), but the process and outcomes are the same: greater ease of new knowledge or skill acquisition and learner-centered pacing, feedback, and achievement. In addition, using games allows educators to incorporate multiple learning objectives, divergent sequences, varying levels of difficulty, and individualization of the experience (Moursand, 2006). Gaming typically requires a four-step process. Step 1 is the orientation to the concepts being explored and an overview of the game itself. Step 2 highlights the game
Skin color and nutrient photolysis: an evolutionary hypothesis

Human populations native to areas of intense sunlight tend to be heavily melanized. Previous explanations for this relationship have invoked only weak selective pressures. To test the hypothesis that dark pigmentation may protect against photolysis of crucial light-sensitive vitamins and metabolites by ultraviolet light, folate was used as a model. It was found that exposure of human plasma in vitro to simulated strong sunlight causes 30 to 50 percent loss of folate within 60 minutes. Furthermore, light-skinned patients exposed to ultraviolet light for dermatologic disorders have abnormally low serum folate concentrations, suggesting that photolysis may also occur in vivo. Deficiency of folate, which occurs in many marginally nourished populations, causes severe anemia, fetal wastage, frank infertility, and maternal mortality. Prevention of ultraviolet photolysis of folate and other light sensitive nutrients by dark skin may be sufficient explanation for the maintenance of this characteristic in human groups indigenous to regions of intense solar radiation.
Spermatic cord liposarcoma.

Abstract The clinical and pathologic data in 3 cases of well-differentiated liposarcoma of the spermatic cord are presented. Radical orchiectomy appears to be adequate treatment. A regional lymph node dissection is usually not advocated since the pattern of spread is hematogenous.
Odd-even absorption and Coulomb-exchange effects in the He 3 + He 4 and H 3 + He 4 systems

Differential cross sections for $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ + $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ elastic scattering are calculated at c.m. energies up to 44.5 MeV using the one-channel resonating-group method. A phenomenological imaginary potential, whose strength depends on whether the relative orbital angular momentum is even or odd, is included in the calculation in order to account approximately for open reaction channels. Exchange terms which arise from the nucleon-nucleon Coulomb interaction also are included. The introduction of both the odd-even absorption and the Coulomb-exchange terms is found to lead to significantly improved agreement with experiment. In addition, the use of improved rms matter radii for $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ and $^{3}\mathrm{H}$ is found to yield $^{2}P_{J}$ bound-state energies for the $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ + $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ and $^{3}\mathrm{H}$ + $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ systems which are more consistent with experiment than found previously.[NUCLEAR STRUCTURE, REACTIONS $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$, $^{7}\mathrm{Be}$; calculated $^{2}P_{J}$, $^{2}F_{J}$ levels. $^{4}\mathrm{He}$($^{3}\mathrm{He}$, $^{3}\mathrm{He}$), ${E}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}=1.7\ensuremath{-}44.5$ MeV; calculated $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\Theta})$; deduced imaginary-potential strength, space-exchange mixture. Resonating-group method.]
Tooling mesh generation technique for iterative FEM die surface design algorithm to compensate for springback in sheetmetal stamping

FEM analysis has been increasingly employed to simulate sheetmetal forming processes for industrial application purposes. From the simulation results, finite element analysts are able to predict the occurrences of splits and wrinkles therefore they can make recommendations of changes to the die design and/or to the part design to avoid possible stamping failures. The number of real die tryouts can be reduced, thus, the design cycle is shortened and manufacturing costs lowered. In the early times, application analysts were mostly concentrated on simulation of the stamping process itself starting from simple models, later running full size 3D models with large number of elements.