cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DNA damage responses in murine Pre-B cells with genetic deficiencies in damage response genes

DNA damage can be generated in multiple ways from genotoxic and physiologic sources. Genotoxic damage is known to disrupt cellular functions and is lethal if not repaired properly. We compare the transcriptional programs activated in response to genotoxic DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation (IR) in abl pre-B cells from mice deficient in DNA damage response (DDR) genes Atm, Mre11, Mdc1, H2ax, 53bp1, and DNA-PKcs. We identified a core IR-specific transcriptional response that occurs in abl pre-B cells from WT mice and compared the response of the other genotypes to the WT response. We also identified genotype specific responses and compared those to each other. The WT response includes many processes involved in lymphocyte development and immune response, as well as responses associated with the molecular mechanisms of cancer, such as TP53 signaling. As expected, there is a range of similarity in transcriptional profiles in comparison to WT cells, with Atm-/- cells being the most different from the core WT DDR and Mre11 hypomorph (Mre11A/A) cells also very dissimilar to WT and other genotypes. For example, NF-kB-related signaling and CD40 signaling are deficient in both Atm-/- and Mre11A/A cells, but present in all other genotypes. In contrast, IR-induced TP53 signaling is seen in the Mre11A/A cells, while these responses are not seen in the Atm-/- cells. By examining the similarities and differences in the signaling pathways in response to IR when specific genes are absent, our results further illustrate the contribution of each gene to the DDR. The microarray gene expression data discussed in this paper have been deposited in NCBI's Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) and are accessible under accession number GSE116388.
Spatiotemporal development of spinal neuronal and glial populations in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome

Down syndrome (DS), caused by the triplication of chromosome 21, results in a constellation of clinical features including changes in intellectual and motor function. Although altered neural development and function have been well described in people with DS, few studies have investigated the etiology underlying the observed motor phenotypes. Here, we examine the development, patterning, and organization of the spinal cord throughout life in the Ts65Dn mouse, a model that recapitulates many of the motor changes observed in people with DS. Spinal cords from embryonic to adult animals were processed for gene and protein expression (immunofluorescence) to track the spatiotemporal development of excitatory and inhibitory neurons and oligodendroglia. Postnatal analyses were focused on the lumbar region due to the reflex and gait abnormalities found in Ts65Dn mice and locomotive alterations seen in people with DS. Between embryonic days E10.5 and E14.5, we found a larger motor neuron progenitor domain in Ts65Dn animals containing more OLIG2-expressing progenitor cells. These disturbed progenitors are delayed in motor neuron production but eventually generate a large number of ISL1+ migrating motor neurons. We found that higher numbers of PAX6+ and NKX2.2+ interneurons (INs) are also produced during this time frame. In the adult lumbar spinal cord, we found an increased level of Hb9 and a decreased level of Irx3 gene expression in trisomic animals. This was accompanied by an increase in Calretinin+ INs, but no changes in other neuronal populations. In aged Ts65Dn animals, both Calbindin+ and ChAT+ neurons were decreased compared to euploid controls. Additionally, in the dorsal corticospinal white matter tract, there were significantly fewer CC1+ mature OLs in 30- and 60-day old trisomic animals and this normalized to euploid levels at 10–11 months. In contrast, the mature OL population was increased in the lateral funiculus, an ascending white matter tract carrying sensory information. In 30-day old animals, we also found a decrease in the number of nodes of Ranvier in both tracts. This decrease normalized both in 60-day old and aged animals. We show marked changes in both spinal white matter and neuronal composition that change regionally over the life span. In the embryonic Ts65Dn spinal cord, we observe alterations in motor neuron production and migration. In the adult spinal cord, we observe changes in oligodendrocyte maturation and motor neuron loss, the latter of which has also been observed in human spinal cord tissue samples. This work uncovers multiple cellular perturbations during Ts65Dn development and aging, many of which may underlie the motor deficits found in DS.
Trapezoidal Segment Sequencing: A Novel Approach for Fusion of Human-Produced Continuous Annotations

Generating accurate ground truth representations of human subjective experiences and judgements is essential for advancing our understanding of human-centered constructs such as emotions. Often, this requires the collection and fusion of annotations from several people where each one is subject to valuation disagreements, distraction artifacts, and other error sources. This work proposes trapezoidal segment sequencing, a new method for fusing annotations into a single representation that, when used alongside a recently proposed signal warping pipeline for correcting annotation artifacts, produces accurate ground truths. We prove that annotations can be well approximated with trapezoidal signals and present results showing the proposed method performs competitively with state-of-the-art fusion methods on a data set where the true target signal being annotated is known. The main utility of the proposed approach is its ability to help segment individual annotations into interpretable regions where either changes or no perceived changes to the construct occur.
Multiple optical kink solutions for new Painlevé integrable (3+1)-dimensional sine-Gordon equations with constant and time-dependent coefficients

Abstract This work establishes entirely new Painleve integrable (3+1)-dimensional sine-Gordon equations. The first equation is characterized with constant coefficients that nicely passes the Painleve property to emphasize its integrability, the other model, with time-dependent coefficients, gives the compatibility conditions that exhibit the relations between the time-dependent coefficients. Multiple optical kink wave solutions will be reported for each equation.
Circulating microbial small RNAs are altered in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Objectives To determine if plasma microbial small RNAs (sRNAs) are altered in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared with control subjects, associated with RA disease-related features, and altered by disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Methods sRNA sequencing was performed on plasma from 165 patients with RA and 90 matched controls and a separate cohort of 70 patients with RA before and after starting a DMARD. Genome alignments for RA-associated bacteria, representative bacterial and fungal human microbiome genomes and environmental bacteria were performed. Microbial genome counts and individual sRNAs were compared across groups and correlated with disease features. False discovery rate was set at 0.05. Results Genome counts of Lactobacillus salivarius, Anaerobaculum hydrogeniformans, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Paenisporosarcina spp, Facklamia hominis, Sphingobacterium spiritivorum, Lentibacillus amyloliquefaciens, Geobacillus spp, and Pseudomonas fluorescens were significantly decreased in the plasma of RA compared with control subjects. Three microbial transfer RNA-derived sRNAs were increased in RA versus controls and inversely associated with disease activity. Higher total microbial sRNA reads were associated with lower disease activity in RA. Baseline total microbial sRNAs were threefold higher among patients who improved with DMARD versus those who did not but did not change significantly after 6 months of treatment. Conclusion Plasma microbial sRNA composition is altered in RA versus control subjects and associated with some measures of RA disease activity. DMARD treatment does not alter microbial sRNA abundance or composition, but increased abundance of microbial sRNAs at baseline was associated with disease activity improvement at 6 months.
Planning Inclusion: The Need to Formalize Parental Participation in Individual Education Plans (and Meetings).

Inclusive education is promoted as an educational setting that brings together students with disabilities alongside non-disabled peers. As the rise in inclusive education continues, many recognize ...
Design, Synthesis, Characterization and Antioxidant activity of Novel Benzothiazole and Coumarin based 6-(3, 5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl) pyridazin-3-one Derivatives

The present work describes biological evaluation of target molecules designed by molecular docking with 4h1j protein using Autodock Vina docker. Designed novel benzothiazole and coumarin based 6-(3, 5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl) pyridazin-3-one derivatives were synthesized by condensation of substituted 6-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one with substituted 2-amino benzothiazoles, substituted 2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carbonyl chloride or 4-(bromomethyl)-2H-chromen-2-one. Synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral analysis and screened for antioxidant activity using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhyrazyl radical scavenging, Hydrogen peroxide scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power method. The compounds 5c and 9b showed more antioxidant potential and other compounds showed moderate to less activity as compared to standard Ascorbic acid and Butylated hydroxyl toluene.
PEGylated Coating Affects DBM Osteoinductivity In Vivo by Changing Inflammatory Responses

PEGylation is a widely used modification in device coating or drug delivery by combing materials with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). In the present study, a well-established rat ectopic bone formatio...
Introduction to Research on Social Work Practice Special Issue: Mental Health Services Research Supported by the National Institute of Mental Health:

This article provides a brief overview of the conference at which the articles in this special issue were presented.
The metabolic origins of non-photorespiratory CO2 release during photosynthesis: a metabolic flux analysis.

Respiration in the light (RL) releases CO2 in photosynthesizing leaves and is a phenomenon that occurs independently from photorespiration. Since RL lowers net carbon fixation, understanding RL could help improve plant carbon-use efficiency and models of crop photosynthesis. Although RL was identified more than 75 years ago, its biochemical mechanisms remain unclear. To identify reactions contributing to RL, we mapped metabolic fluxes in photosynthesizing source leaves of the oilseed crop and model plant camelina (Camelina sativa). We performed a flux analysis using isotopic labeling patterns of central metabolites during 13CO2 labeling time course, gas exchange and carbohydrate production rate experiments. To quantify the contributions of multiple potential CO2 sources with statistical and biological confidence, we increased the number of metabolites measured and reduced biological and technical heterogeneity by using single mature source leaves and quickly quenching metabolism by directly injecting liquid N2; we then compared the goodness-of-fit between these data and data from models with alternative metabolic network structures and constraints. Our analysis predicted that RL releases 5.2 μmol CO2 g-1 FW hr-1 of CO2, which is relatively consistent with a value of 9.3 μmol CO2 g-1 FW hr-1 measured by CO2 gas exchange. The results indicated that ≤10% of RL results from TCA cycle reactions, which are widely considered to dominate RL. Further analysis of the results indicated that oxidation of glucose-6-phosphate to pentose phosphate via 6-phosphogluconate (the G6P/OPP shunt) can account for >93% of CO2 released by RL.
Use of Daratumumab for Desensitization Prior to Cardiac Transplantation: A Case Report

Introduction Heart transplant candidates with allosensitization face higher waitlist mortality and may have inferior post-transplant outcomes. We present our experience with a multi-drug desensitization regimen including daratumumab, an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, in a 51-year-old female listed for heart transplant. Case Report The patient presented with heart failure due to NICMP with LMNA mutation. She was listed for heart transplant with 94% class I PRAs and 98% class II PRAs. Given level of sensitization, the decision was made to desensitize with plasmapheresis (5 sessions), IVIG (2 g/kg), bortezomib (4 doses), and tocilizumab (1 dose). During this treatment she experienced neutropenia requiring bortezomib dose reduction. Following these therapies her class I PRA decreased to 36%, but her class II PRA persisted at 99%. Immunodominant HLA antibodies are trended in Figure 1. She subsequently received additional plasmapheresis (6 sessions) with IVIG (2 g/kg) and rituximab (1 dose). PRAs remained consistent; HLA MFIs remained high (Figure 1). She was then treated with daratumumab weekly. She received 8 doses; the last dose was received the day prior to transplant. Her class I PRA decreased to 13% and class II PRA was 99% at the time of transplant. Her crossmatch was negative, and she received steroid induction alone. Maintenance immunosuppression consisted of tacrolimus, mycophenolate, and prednisone. Her tacrolimus was therapeutic by POD6 with a goal of 10-15 mcg/mL. By month 11 post-transplant she has had no episodes of cellular or antibody-mediated rejection. Graft function has been stable with ejection fraction >60%. All DSA screening has been negative and she has not developed any significant infections post-transplant. Summary Daratumumab, as part of a desensitization regimen, appears to be safe and effective in sensitized patients awaiting heart transplant and was not associated with post-op complications, and may have contributed to prevention of antibody-mediated rejection post-transplant.
The Digital Urban Fabric: Affordances of Connectivity and Datafication

This chapter investigates the affordances that support the aspect of INTERACTION/COMMUNICATION, from which public space is performatively constructed. The connectivity, afforded by digital technologies, that supports interaction and communication, is mirrored by practices of filtering of connectivity and information, through which urban citizens curate their public presence. This theme is discussed in the context of the ascendancy of the crowd as a composite urban actor, as exemplified by protests and activism in public spaces. When mediated by digital technologies, interaction and communication generates data, that is the foundation of a new stratum of economic and political life.
Improving norms in research culture to incentivize transparency and rigor

Improving research culture to value transparency and rigor is necessary to engage in a productive “Credibility Revolution.” The field of educational psychology is well positioned to act toward this...
An Unhealthy Congressional Mess

The successes of modern medicine are the product of painstaking research, unprecedented and sometimes unavoidable patience, and a bit of good fortune, but the innumerable losses of the past lie in the shadows of each monumental breakthrough. The national infrastructure within which this fantasy becomes reality, however, appears to exist in stark contrast to the very reason behind its purpose. In many ways, the chaos inherent in the current process by which Congress attempts to alter the course of the Affordable Care Act (“ACA”), exacerbated by any presidential “inspirations” delivered in messages of 140 characters or less, has transformed the stark reality of today’s health care structure into something far more surreal than swapping hearts, at least to those limited few who actually understand the status of the ACA as the Republican controlled Congress attempts to unravel it.
Neuroethics: Give memory-altering drugs a chance

The ethical challenges of memory-dampening drugs are likely to be manageable and the pay-offs considerable, says Adam Kolber.
COVID-19 and Indigenous Communities in Latin America: A Comparative Analysis of State Public Policy Strategies in Mexico, Bolivia, and Colombia

The arrival and ongoing consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020 and 2021 have exacerbated issues related to processes such as globalization, transnational migration, and socioeconomic, educational, and territorial marginalization experienced by indigenous communities throughout Latin America. This article examines the ways in which the State has managed the pandemic in indigenous communities by analyzing individual case studies selected from three countries in the region (Mexico, Bolivia, and Colombia) where 2% or more of the general population have been categorized as “indigenous.” The article explores the relationship between the State and native communities in order to understand the current sociopolitical dynamics throughout the region and to examine whether general patterns emerge regarding the State’s ongoing responses to the continuing COVID-19 pandemic.
Quantitative Prediction of the Location of Carotid Bifurcation and Neurovascular Structures in the Carotid Region: A Cross-Sectional Cadaveric Study

Introduction. The carotid region is encountered in vascular and neurological surgery and carries a potential for vascular and cranial nerve trauma. The carotid bifurcation is an especially important landmark and difficult to predict based on currently established landmarks. This study is a detailed analysis of the carotid region and proposes a novel methodology to predict the height of the bifurcation. Materials and Methods. Superficial and deep dissections were performed on the anterior triangle of the neck to expose the carotid region in twenty-one formalin-fixed donor cadavers. Musculoskeletal and neurovascular structures were assessed in relation to the carotid bifurcation and the medial border of the clavicle (MBC). Results. The carotid bifurcation occurred, on average, 11.4 mm higher on the left ( ; 95% CI: 9.28, 13.54). The superior thyroid artery ( ), facial vein ( ), and cranial nerve XII ( ) were all more distal on the left side when measured from the MBC while the angle of the mandible and stylohyoid muscle remained symmetric. Left- and right-sided vascular structures were symmetric when measured from the carotid bifurcation. Conclusions. Neurovascular structures within the carotid region are likely to be anatomically superior on the left side while vessels are likely to remain symmetric in relation to the carotid bifurcation. When measured from the MBC, the bifurcation height can be predicted by multiplying the distance between the MBC and mastoid process by 0.65 (right side) or 0.74 (left side). This novel methodological estimation may be easily learned and directly implemented in clinical practice.
Epibenthic predation in marine soft-bottoms : Being small and how to get away with it

In intertidal soft-bottoms, epibenthic predation is one of the most important post-recruitment processes. Small juveniles are particularly susceptible to predation, and they often settle in the high intertidal where predation pressure is relatively low. Growth conditions in the high intertidal are, however, only suboptimal compared to the low intertidal. Juvenile amphipods Leptocheirus pinguis usually remain in their mother’s burrow for extended time periods growing to average sizes of 4–6 mm during this extended parental care. In laboratory experiments, more juvenile amphipods survived in controls than in predator additions. In the predator treatments, most adult amphipods survived while many juveniles disappeared. Medium-sized juveniles (6–10 mm size) that had already established their own burrows emigrated in large numbers from the predator treatments whereas most of the adult females remained as residents in these trays. Juvenile L. pinguis survived periods where they are most susceptible to epibenthic predation in the protected burrows of their mother. Extended parental care enables juvenile amphipods to recruit immediately into the adult habitat with a good survival chance. It is hypothesized that some small soft-bottom infauna find protection in the burrows of other infauna, medium-sized infauna is most likely to engage in escape reactions, whereas large infauna build their own, deep, burrows, safe from epibenthic predators.
(Not) summing over Kaluza-Klein states

Models in extra dimensions have unique features. Many of their surprising properties simply result from the underlying 5D structure. This structure shows up as "sum rules" involving the whole tower of Kaluza-Klein factors. In this paper, we present a holographic shortcut and derive these results without solving the eigenvalue problem: we express 4D physical quantities directly in terms of the 5D metric. In warped space, one can go further and isolate the effect of the new physics sector. This method can be used for any 5D model, and we apply it here to the case of holographic QCD and holographic technicolor.
Fetal survival following impact: improvement with shoulder harness restraint

Abstract A series of 22 pregnant baboons were subjected to impact under similar conditions. The only major variable was the difference in maternal restraint. The fetal death rate of 8.34 per cent (1/12) among animals impacted with 3 point restraint was significantly lower than that of 5 fetal deaths among 10 maternal animals impacted with lap belt restraint alone (p =
Expression of the Xhox3 Homeobox Protein in Xenopus Embryos: Blocking Its Early Function Suggests the Requirement of Xhox3 for Normal Posterior Development

Antibodies directed against the product of the Xenopus homeobox gene Xhox3 were raised and used to localize the expression of Xhox3 in the embryo at different stages of development. These studies suggest that endogenous Xhox3 protein is distributed in a graded fashion in the nuclei of mesodermal cells along the anterior-posterior (A-P) and dorso-ventral (D-V) axes in the postgastrula embryo with low levels in anterior and ventral regions and higher levels in posterior and dorsal regions. Xhox3 protein is also detected at different times in the midbrain, spinal cord and hindbrain. In the hindbrain, Xhox3 displays different metameric expression patterns in dorsal and ventral regions during early embryogenesis and metamorphosis. We have tested for the early function of Xhox3 by injecting antibodies against the Xhox3 protein into the cytoplasm of developing embryos. A significant number of embryos injected with Xhox3 antibodies show posterior (trunk and tail) deficiencies. This posterior deficient phenotype constitutes the opposite of the anterior (head) deficient phenotype obtained after overexpresson of Xhox3 reported previously. These results suggest that expression of Xhox3 in the posterior mesoderm is necessary for posterior development and that the graded distribution of Xhox3 in the embryonic mesoderm is required for the development of normal embryonic axial pattern.
Teaching Wills and Trusts: The Jurisdictional Problem

In this essay, written for the teaching issue of the SLU Law Journal, I address the problem of how best to focus a course in Wills and Trusts in light of the fact that the applicable rules vary widely from state to state. This legal heterogeneity makes generalization about the “laws” of inheritance difficult. I argue against confining class presentations either to local state law, which is unacceptably parochial, or to the model laws found in the Uniform Acts and Restatements, whose influence on actual law has been limited. I advocate instead an approach that endeavors to communicate to students the richness of alternative rules that different states have developed, as a vehicle for encouraging students to think creatively about the public policy of those rules, and about the strengths and weaknesses of the alternative approaches that are currently extant.
War-related Trauma: Increasing the American GI’s Resilience through Marriage

Studies have shown PTSD has a negative impact on close relationships among Vietnam War veterans. Recently, studies have replicated these findings in the Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) cohort. Currently, over half of the military is married and veterans are returning from combat with elevated rates of PTSD. Thus, investigating which symptom clusters influence marital satisfaction of the veteran the most is important for assisting social workers and other mental health professionals in identifying and prioritizing treatment goals. The current study identifies which of the four PTSD symptom clusters impacts marital satisfaction the most in returning combat veterans using regression analysis. The emotional numbing cluster negatively impacted marital satisfaction whereas the hyper-arousal cluster positively impacted it. Using all 17 Post-traumatic Disorder Checklist-Military (PCL-M) questions as possible predictors of veterans’ marital satisfaction, regression analysis revealed five of the questions account for 26 percent of the variance in marital satisfaction. Clinical implications and recommendations are explored.
What makes the heart fail? New insights from defective genes.

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an idiopathic, genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by heart failure and arrhythmia. Over the past decade, the molecular basis for DCM has been partially uncovered by discovery of mutation in genes encoding cystoskeletal, sarcomeric, nuclear membrane, and sarcoplasmic reticulum proteins. These findings have implicated pathogenic mechanisms whereby structural integrity, contractile force dynamics, and calcium regulation within the cardiac myocyte are perturbed. Recognition of dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies as allelic disorders has provided the opportunity to identify genotype-phenotype relationships and to gain new insight into pathways leading to cardiac failure and hypertrophy. Conclusion: Collectively, family-based studies of DCM provide the rationale for clinical screening in first-degree relatives, regardless of family history or age of the index case. Discovery of novel genes for dilated cardiomyopathy is ongoing and will continue to advance our understanding of the pathobiology of heart failure.
Histone H2B as a functionally important plasminogen receptor on macrophages.

Plasminogen (Plg) facilitates inflammatory cell recruitment, a function that depends upon its binding to Plg receptors (Plg-Rs). However, the Plg-Rs that are critical for cell migration are not well defined. Three previously characterized Plg-Rs (α-enolase, annexin 2, and p11) and a recently identified Plg-R (histone H2B [H2B]) were assessed for their contribution to Plg binding and function on macrophages. Two murine macrophage cell lines (RAW 264.7 and J774A.1) and mouse peritoneal macrophages induced by thioglycollate were analyzed. All 4 Plg-Rs were present on the surface of these cells and showed enhanced expression on the thioglycollate-induced macrophages compared with peripheral blood monocytes. Using blocking Fab fragments to each Plg-R, H2B supported approximately 50% of the Plg binding capacity, whereas the other Plg-Rs contributed less than 25%. Anti-H2B Fab also demonstrated a major role of this Plg-R in plasmin generation and matrix invasion. When mice were treated intravenously with anti-H2B Fab, peritoneal macrophage recruitment in response to thioglycollate was reduced by approximately 45% at 24, 48, and 72 hours, with no effect on blood monocyte levels. Taken together, these data suggest that multiple Plg-Rs do contribute to Plg binding to macrophages, and among these, H2B plays a very prominent and functionally important role.
CA-125 in fine-needle aspirates of solid tumors: comparison with cytologic diagnosis and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) assay.

One hundred and twenty-two fine needle aspirates (FNA) from female patients were studied to determine whether CA-125 assay contributed to cytologic diagnosis and CEA assay. Cytologic examination was done on Papanicolaou-stained smears and cell blocks, CEA by EIA (Abbott Laboratory, > 5 ng/ml cutoff) and CA-125 by RIA (Abbott Laboratory, North Chicago, IL, > 66 μ/ml cutoff). Final diagnosis were correlated with histologic diagnosis when available, clinical, radiologic studies, and follow-up. Results: 29 benign, 93 malignant. Sensitivities and specificities: cytology, 91%, 100%; CEA: 59%, 86%; CA-125, 50%, 55%. CEA plus cytology sensitivity, 97%. CA-125 content was highest in endometrial/ovarian carcinoma (39,899 μ/ml) and 280 ng/ml). While elevated CEA enhances the sensitivity of cytologic diagnosis of carcinomas of the colon, pancreas, and lung, low CEA and high CA-125 content supports an ovarian/endometrial primary. Diagn Cytopathol 1996;14:121–125. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
New Problem-Solving Scholarship: An Historical Tale with a Happy Ending

The teaching of negotiation in law, business, and other professional schools has greatly increased over the last quarter-century. The author sets the stage for a review of two negotiation texts and an educational video by opening with an historical overview of the development of negotiation pedagogy, which has been informed by scholars from many different academic disciplines. Teaching negotiation in law schools (which have a long tradition of the “case method” style of teaching, which often encourages an energetic but adversarial approach to problem solving) is still relatively new. The two texts and the educational video examined in this essay offer lessons in a “wide angle” approach to negotiation, which includes (among many other useful topics): ideas fundamental to theory and practice; social and emotional considerations; the role of cultural and gender difference; relationships between principals and representatives; differences among various types of ADR; and applications of various forms of negotiation in many different contexts.
Benzodiazepine Synthesis and Rapid Toxicity Assay

A second-year organic chemistry laboratory experiment to introduce students to general concepts of medicinal chemistry is described. Within a single three-hour time window, students experience the synthesis of a biologically active small molecule and the assaying of its biological toxicity. Benzodiazepine rings are commonly found in antidepressant therapeutics, including Valium and Xanax. This experiment involves the one-step synthesis of a 1,5-benzodiazepine derivative via the condensation−cyclization of ortho-phenylenediamine with two equivalents of acetone. Following its isolation, the toxicity of the benzodiazepine product is evaluated via a brine shrimp assay, which allows students to rapidly observe differences in biological activity among varying benzodiazepine concentrations.
Field-induced nonequilibrium periodic structures in nematic liquid crystals: nonlinear study of the twist Frederiks transition

Des structures a periodicite spatiale apparaissent habituellement dans des cristaux nematiques liquides, comme reponse initiale a l'application soudaine d'un champ de reorientation. Pour expliquer le desaccord entre les periodicites mesurees et calculees a partir d'une analyse d'instabilite lineaire, on etablit des equations de mouvement non lineaires et les resout numeriquement. Les resultats sont en bon accord avec les longueurs d'onde observees
Pondering Dysfunctions in Heritage Protection: Lessons from the Theft of the Codex Calixtinus

The Codex Calixtinus, the 12th-century manuscript at the heart of Spain’s Camino de Santiago, was stolen, hidden for a year, and then found in a trash can wrapped in newsprint and plastic. The extraordinary theft highlights some dysfunctions in cultural heritage thought and practice. Explored here are questions about exemplars and copies, ambiguities in heritage protection law, problems of proprietorship and commercialization of heritage goods, and administrative negligence in the management of heritage assets. The focus is on Spain, but the questions have broad relevance. This article concludes that one way to better protect movable heritage assets like the codex is to recognize them as part of a broad heritage landscape in which their loss or mismanagement means damage to an entire ecosystem of culture and history.
Clinical Evidence of Contralateral Renal Parenchymal Injury in Patients with Unilateral Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis

It has been postulated that the kidney contralateral to a significant renal artery stenosis may be at risk for accelerated arteriolar nephrosclerosis. Duplex ultrasound is capable of detecting and classifying renal artery stenosis and examining parenchymal flow. Renal flow patterns are a reflection of resistance, which increases with parenchymal pathology. One-hundred fifty-one patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) were prospectively studied with duplex ultrasonography. Renal arteries were classified as normal, <60% stenosis, ⩾60% stenosis, or occluded. The renal artery end-diastolic ratio (EDR) (end-diastolic velocity/peak systolic velocity) was measured. EDR decreases as resistance to flow increases. There were 81 patients with a unilateral ⩾60% ARAS. The EDR was significantly lower in the kidney contralateral to the ⩾60% ARAS (0.27 ± 0.08 versus 0.30 ± 0.08; p = 0.001, paired t-test). The absolute difference in EDR was even more pronounced in the subgroup of 15 diabetic patients with a ≥60% ARAS (0.22 ± 0.08 versus 0.27 ± 0.08; p= 0.004). This study offers clinical evidence that a unilateral hemodynamically significant ARAS is associated with the development of arteriolar nephrosclerosis in the contralateral kidney. These results have important implications on blood pressure control, renal function, and response to renal revascularization in this patient population.
143. Increased sleep duration is associated with early day elevated salivary alpha-amylase: A potential biomarker for increased sleep drive

Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) is associated with sympathetic activation and has recently been posited to be a candidate biomarker for increased sleep drive. This may be because sAA increase indicates a sympathetic arousal offset to increases in sleep drive when alertness is required. This would be observed as associations between increased sAA during alert periods and increased sleep behaviors when arousal is not required. To investigate this question, 45 college aged participants completed a sleep diary for a full week along with psychological and health questionnaires. Additionally, participants provided two days of saliva samples (48 total) which characterized the sAA awakening response (0, +30, +45, & +60 min) and basal levels hourly from 9AM to 8PM. The mean sleep duration for the seven days was 6.6hrs.+1.25. sAA levels were aggregated for each individual from 9AM to 4PM. Z scores for aggregated sAA provided high (>0) and low ( t (45) = 2.158 p = 0.037. Day 2 data indicated similar trend, but were not significant. There were no significant sleep time differences between groups for the week indicating localized association of sAA with sleep time. This finding suggests that sAA increases may indicate efforts to maintain alertness with high sleep drive and may be a candidate biomarker for sleep deprivation.
The effect of biogenic amine modifiers on morphine analgesia and its antagonism by naloxone.

Abstract The stimulation of dopaminergic receptors, inhibition of serotonin synthesis or blockade of muscarinic receptors by various modifiers led to inhibition of morphine analgesia in mice. Blockade dopaminergic receptors or the increase in serotonergic or cholinergic activity resulted in the enhancement of morphine analgesia. Serotonergic and cholinergic systems are proposed as positive and the dopaminergic system as negative modulators of morphine analgesia. The modulation of naloxone antagonism was much more complicated than that of morphine analgesia and often the effect of biogenic amine modifiers on antagonism differed from that on analgesia. The fact that biogenic amine modifiers do not affect morphine analgesia and naloxone antagonism by a similar pattern suggests that interaction of narcotics and narcotic antagonists with analgesic receptors may not be exactly the same.
Comparative evaluation of three situational judgment test response formats in terms of construct-related validity, subgroup differences, and susceptibility to response distortion.

As a testing method, the efficacy of situational judgment tests (SJTs) is a function of a number of design features. One such design feature is the response format. However, despite the considerable interest in SJT design features, there is little guidance in the extant literature as to which response format is superior or the conditions under which one might be preferable to others. Using an integrity-based SJT measure administered to 31,194 job applicants, we present a comparative evaluation of 3 response formats (rate, rank, and most/least) in terms of construct-related validity, subgroup differences, and score reliability. The results indicate that the rate-SJT displayed stronger correlations with the hypothesized personality traits; weaker correlations with general mental ability and, consequently, lower levels of subgroup differences; and higher levels of internal consistency reliability. A follow-up study with 492 college students (Study 2; details of which are presented in the online supplemental materials) also indicates that the rate response format displayed higher levels of internal consistency and retest reliability as well as favorable reactions from test takers. However, it displayed the strongest relationships with a measure of response distortion, suggesting that it is more susceptible to this threat. Although there were a few exceptions, the rank and most/least response formats were generally quite similar in terms of several of the study outcomes. The results suggest that in the context of SJTs designed to measure noncognitive constructs, the rate response format appears to be the superior, preferred response format, with its main drawback being that it is susceptible to response distortion, although not any more so than the rank response format. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved)
Flash photolysis reveals a diversity of ionotropic glutamate receptors on the mitral cell somatodendritic membrane.

It is widely held that the soma and basal dendrites of olfactory bulb mitral cells receive exclusively inhibitory synaptic input from local interneurons. However, the mitral somatodendritic membran...
Sorption and desorption of the diketonitrile metabolite of isoxaflutole in soils.

Abstract Isoxaflutole is a new pre-emergence corn herbicide that undergoes rapid conversion to a diketonitrile derivative (DKN) in soils. Sorption–desorption studies were conducted in five different soils varying in physical and chemical properties. A batch equilibration technique was used with total initial aqueous solution concentrations of DKN at 0.25, 0.75, 2.0, 8.0, 25, 75, 150, and 250 mg l−1. After the sorption process, two subsequent desorptions were conducted with an equilibration period of 7 days. A high correlation existed between the desorption coefficient, KFd and the organic matter content of soils (r2=0.844 for the first desorption and r2=0.861 for the second desorption), while the clay content did not greatly influence the desorption of DKN. Although the sorption of DKN was generally reversible, a sorption–desorption hysteresis was apparent in all soils. The site energy distribution curves emphasized the fact that DKN binds tightly to soils with higher organic matter content and greater proportion of DKN was retained by those soils
Rivalry for export promotions

This paper investigates rivalry for export promotions among seven industrial countries. The hypothesis in this paper is concerned with the trade-income relationship, both intra-country and inter-country, viewed from the perspective of strategic trade policy theory. A system of seemingly unrelated equations estimated by Zellner's iterative efficient method yields mixed relationships. The results provide important policy implications for reconciling trade policies among the countries.
Remarks on quantum gravity

Quantum gravity is analyzed from an axiomatic point of view. Under some general conditions imposed on the asymptotic structure of space-time a rigorous proof of the CPT theorem and a general discussion of the axiomatic approach to quantum gravity are presented.
A new species of Siphocampylus (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae) from northern Peru

Siphocampylus platysiphon (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae) is described as a new species from northern Peru. It is a member of subsect.Megastomi in sect.Brachysiphon and is most closely related toS. giganteus, a species common to the north in Ecuador and Colombia.
Retardation of racemization rates of amino acids incorporated into melanoidins

Abstract Diagenetic reactions that affect the racemization of amino acids in fossils include hydrolysis of the original proteinaceous component and condensation of amino acids into “humic-like” materials. In this study, the consequences of condensation reactions for amino acid racemization rates are addressed. Aqueous solutions consisting of L-amino acids and D-glucose were heated ( 100°C) for up to 231 days. A comparison of racemization rates for amino acids in these solutions and in the resultant insoluble melanoidins indicates that the incorporation of amino acids into melanoidins retards racemization. In a sense, this retardation mimics the effect that has previously been attributed to the hydrolysis of proteinaceous material. An appraisal of the various diagenetic processes that may affect amino acid racemization rates in older fossil materials is essential for the refinement of geochemical research strategies that are dependent on this reaction.
Nonlinear Analysis of PrandtlPlane Joined Wings: Effects of Anisotropy

Structural geometrical nonlinearities strongly affect the response of joined wings: it has been shown that buckling evaluations using linear methods are unreliable, and only a fully nonlinear stability analysis can safely identify the unstable state. This work focuses on the understanding of the main physical mechanisms driving the wing system’s response and the snap-buckling instability. Several counterintuitive effects typical of unconventional nonplanar wing systems are discussed and explained. In particular, an appropriate design of the joint-to-wing connection may reduce the amount of bending moment transferred, and this is shown to eventually improve the stability properties, although at price of a reduced stiffness. It is also demonstrated that the lower-to-upper-wing stiffness ratio and the torsional–bending coupling, due to both the geometrical layout and anisotropy of the composite laminates, present a major impact on the nonlinear response. The findings of this work could provide useful indicat...
THE MODERN INVENTION OF 'OLD TESTAMENT PSEUDEPIGRAPHA'

This article explores the pre-history of our present notion of 'the Old Testament pseudepigrapha' through a focus on Johann Albert Fabricius's Codex pseudepigraphus Veteris Testamenti (1713). It considers Fabricius's work from four perspectives: as a compendium of knowledge recovered during and after the Renaissance, as a reflection of debates about Scripture in the wake of the Reformation, as a literary artefact of anxieties about authorship in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, and as the foundation for nineteenth- and twentiety-century research on the materials collected therein. By revisiting the origins of the concept and category of 'pseudepigrapha', the article attempts to bring a broader historical perspective to bear on current debates about the heurism of the label.
The nature and measurement of sensory curiosity

To determine if sensory curiosity (SC) could be identified as a meaningful psychological construct, a pool of SC items was administered to 552 undergraduate students (402 women, 150 men), along with measures of perceptual and epistemic curiosity. Participants also responded to the trait anxiety, anger, and curiosity scales of the State-Trait Personality Inventory (STPI), and subscales of the Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS). Factor analyses of the SC items identified one strong factor, from which 10 items were selected to form a SC scale. Positive correlations of the SC scale with the other curiosity scales that were stronger than the correlations of the SSS subscales with these measures, provided evidence of convergent and discriminant validity for the SC scale. Divergent validity was evidenced by essentially zero correlations of the SC scale with the STPI anxiety, anger and depression measures.
Perturbation theory in terms of currents and restoration of continuous symmetry in two dimensions

Abstract We discuss a formulation of perturbation theory for two-dimensional field theories which possess a spontaneous symmetry breaking at the classical level. It is useful to employ the formalism in terms of currents, and then one is able to restore the continuous symmetries which, according to general theorems, cannot be spontaneously broken at the full quantum level. As a prototype example we consider in detail the non-linear Schrodinger theory at finite density. Some observations concerning theories with non-Abelian symmetry are made.
Polyisobutylene-Based Thermoplastic Elastomers. I. Synthesis and Characterization of Polystyrene-Polyisobutylene-Polystyrene Triblock Copolymers

Abstract Polystyrene-polyisobutylene-polystyrene triblock copolymer thermoplastic elastomers have been synthesized by living carbocationic sequential copolymerization using the tert-butyl dicumyl chloride/TiCl4/methylcyclohexane:methyl chloride (60:40 v:v)/ −80°C system in the presence of the proton trap 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine. Structure-property relationships have been examined by varying the Mn of the PIB middle block (39,000 to 156,000) and that of the PSt end-segment (1,000 to 19,000). The tensile strength is controlled by the molecular weight of the PSt segment and independent of the PIB middle block length in the studied range. Phase separation starts when the Mn of the PSt segment reaches ∼ 5,000, and it is complete when the Mn reaches ∼ 15,000. These triblocks exhibited 23-25 MPa tensile strength, similar to that of styrenic thermoplastic elastomers obtained by anionic polymerization.
Population Biology of Grasses

Contributors Preface Darwin revisited: approaches to the ecological study of grasses A. D. Bradshaw Part I. Population Variation and Life History Patterns: 1. Allozyme diversity in the grasses M. J. W. Godt and J. L. Hamrick 2. Ecology of seed dormancy and germination in grasses C. C. Baskin and J. M. Baskin 3. Seed dispersal and seedling establishment in grass populations G. P. Cheplick 4. Clonal biology of caespitose grasses D. D. Briske and J. D. Derner 5. Ecological aspects of sex expression in grasses J. A. Quinn 6. Interspecific variation in plasticity of grasses in response to nitrogen supply E. Garnier 7. Population biology of intraspecific polyploidy in grasses K. H. Keeler Part II. Ecological Interactions 8. Plant-plant interactions in grasses and grasslands W. K. Lauenroth and M. O. Aguilera 9. Competition between grasses and woody plants S. D. Wilson 10. Fungal endophyte infection and the population dynamics of grasses K. Clay 11. Arbuscular mycorrhizas and the population biology of grasses K. K. Newsham and A. R. Watkinson Part III. Population Biology of Specific Groups: 12. Population dynamics in the regeneration process of monocarpic dwarf bamboos, Sasa species A. Makita 13. Population dynamics of perennial grasses in African savanna and grassland T. G. O'Connor and T. M. Everson 14. A life cycle approach to the population ecology of two tropical grasses in Queensland, Australia D. M. Orr Index.