cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
VARUS-PRODUCING AND DEROTATIONAL SUBTROCHANTERIC OSTEOTOMY IN THE TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL DISLOCATION OF THE HIP.

The analysis of the results to date of fifty-nine varus osteotomies with or without derotation to correct anteversion done for congenital dislocation and subluxation of the hip indicates that the following advantages are obtained: 1. The procedure permits complete concentric reduction of the femoral head; 2. The dynamic and static forces maintaining reduction of the hip are improved; 3. As a result of advantages 1 and 2, greater stability is obtained and maintained: 4. The tendency to subsequent subluxation is reduced (there have been no redislocations in this series): 5. The incidence of aseptic necrosis is decreased; 6. The surgically produced varus position—a neck-shaft angle 90 to 100 degrees—tends with growth to return to a normal neck-shaft angle; 7. The varus position is easily produced at the time the derotation osteotomy is done to correct anteversion: 8. Complications are minimum; 9. The necessity for further surgical procedures is reduced.
Medicaid Coverage for Methadone Maintenance and Use of Opioid Agonist Therapy in Specialty Addiction Treatment.

Objective:This study examined differences in opioid agonist therapy (OAT) utilization among Medicaid-enrolled adults receiving public-sector opioid use disorder treatment in states with Medicaid coverage of methadone maintenance, states with block grant funding only, and states without public coverage of methadone.Methods:Person-level treatment admission data, which included information on reason for treatment and use of OAT from 36 states were linked to state-level Medicaid policies collected in a 50-state survey. Probabilities of OAT use among Medicaid enrollees in opioid addiction treatment were calculated, with adjustment for demographic characteristics and patterns of substance use.Results:In adjusted analysis, 45.0% of Medicaid-enrolled individuals in opioid addiction treatment in states with Medicaid coverage for methadone maintenance used OAT, compared with 30.1% in states with block grant coverage only and 17.0% in states with no coverage. Differences were widest in nonintensive outpatient settin...
Using Internal State Variable Plasticity to Determine Dynamic Loading History Effects in Manufacturing Processes

Worked materials in large deformation processes such as forming and machining experience a broad range of strain, strain rate, and temperatures, which in turn affect the flow stress. However, the flow stress also highly depends on many other factors such as strain path, strain rate and temperature history. Only a model that includes all of these pertinent factors is capable of predicting complex stress state in material deformation. In this paper, the commonly used phenomenological plasticity models (Johnson-Cook, Usui, etc.) to characterize material behavior in forming and machining were critically reviewed. Although these models are easy to apply and can describe the general response of material deformation, these models lack the mechanisms to reflect static and dynamic recovery and the effects of load path and strain rate history in large deformation processes. These effects are essential to understand process mechanisms, especially surface integrity of the manufactured products. As such a dislocation-based internal state variable (ISV) plasticity model was used, in which the evolution equations enable the prediction of strain rate history and temperature history effects. These effects can be quite large and cannot be modeled by the equation-of-state models that assume that stress is a unique function of the total strain, strain rate, and temperature, independent of the loading path. The temperature dependence of the hardening and recovery functions results in the prediction of thermal softening during adiabatic temperatures rises, which are common in metal forming and machining. The dynamic mechanical behaviors of three different benchmark work materials, titanium Ti-6Al-4V, AISI 52100 steel (62 HRc), and aluminum 6061-T6, were modeled using the ISV approach. The material constants were obtained by using a nonlinear regression fitting algorithm in which the stress-strain curves from the model were correlated to the experiments at different (extreme) temperatures. Then the capabilities of the determined material constants were examined by comparing the predicted material flow stress with the test data at different temperatures, strains, and strain rate history. The comparison demonstrates that the internal state plasticity model can successfully recover dynamic material behavior at various deformation states including the loading path effect. In addition, thermal softening due to adiabatic deformation was also captured by this approach.© 2004 ASME
Emergence and Dispersal of Margarodes meridionalis (Homoptera: Coccoidea) in Hybrid Bermudagrass

Field studies on dispersal of the ground pearls, Margarodes meridionalis Morrison, were done in Tucson, Ariz. Peak adult emergence occurred in June, and all adults had emerged from the encysted stage by August. Most adults (72.3 ± 1.2%) migrated 5 cm (2 in.) from the site of their emergence; while 21.7 ± 1.0% of the adults traveled 5-10 cm (2-4 in.). Only 6.0 ± 0.7% traveled 10 cm (>4 in.) from the emergence site. Dispersal was fossorial with no evidence of surface movement. Laboratory observations indicated that emergence is triggered by increased soil moisture.
Prognosis of Relapsing Neuromyelitis Optica

Clinical predictors of a relapsing course and subsequent survival in 80 patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) (57 relapsing, 23 monophasic) were developed from a study of medical records and patients at the Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ.
Fruit and vegetable intake of US adults estimated by two methods: What We Eat In America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2012.

Objective Estimates of fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption vary depending on intake definition, which may be determined by research purpose. Researchers have used two methods to evaluate intake: epidemiological and behavioural. The present study describes FV intake by adults using epidemiological v. behavioural approaches. Design One-day dietary intake data from What We Eat In America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2012 were used. Sample weights were used to produce nationally representative estimates. FV intake (in cup-equivalents (CE)) was estimated using the Food Patterns Equivalents Database. The epidemiological method considered all FV after disaggregating foods and beverages. The behavioural method included foods that provided at least 0·2 CE FV per 100 g, and excluded sources high in fat, added sugar and Na. Setting Nationally representative survey of the US population. Subjects Adults (n 10 563) aged ≥20 years. Results For epidemiological v. behavioural, fruit intake was 1·1 v. 1·0 CE for males and 1·0 v. 0·9 CE for females. Vegetable intake was 1·8 v. 1·1 CE for males and 1·5 v. 1·0 CE for females. Conclusions The definition of FV intake affects estimates of consumption by the population and is an important consideration when planning and comparing research studies. The method used should align with research goals to assure accurate interpretation and validity of results.
Discussion and Suggestion on EPI Vaccination At the Same Time and Related Problems

OBJECTIVE Study on administering vaccines simultaneously and related issues, the minimize the visiting time during the immunization procedures. RESULT After reviewing relevant literature and data, China's current immunization procedure compare with the United States, Britain and other developed countries, the same age children vaccinated with doses less, and vaccination need to access more, adding unnecessary economic burden. CONCLUSION Improve vaccination vaccination timeliness and reduce the number of visits, It is suggested to adjust the immunization program in China and allows first class of vaccines and second class vaccines vaccination at the same time, and the vastus lateralis muscle into the routine vaccination site.
Making the mission: planning and ethnicity in San Francisco

The San Francisco Mission District provides a uniquely powerful example of the extent to which neighbourhood groups have succeeded in organizing against the centralization of urban planning authori...
INTELLIGENT CONTROL OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES FOR IMPROVED AUTONOMY AND RELIABILITY

Abstract This paper reviews aspects of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) autonomy as suggested by the Autonomous Control Logic chart of the U.S. DoD UAV Autonomy Roadmap; levels of vehicle autonomy addressedthrough intelligent control practices and a hierarchical/intelligent control architecture is presented for UAVs. Basic modules of the control hierarchy and their enabling technologies are reviewed; of special interest, from an intelligent control perspective, are the middle and high echelons of the hierarchy. Here, mission planning, trajectory generation and vehicle navigation routines are proposed for the highest level. At the middle level, thecontrol role is portrayed by mode transitioning, envelope protection, real-time adaptation and fault detection/control reconfiguration algorithms which are intended to safeguard the UAV's integrity in the event of component failures, extreme operating conditions or external disturbances. The UAV thus exhibits attributes of robustness and operational reliability assuring a satisfactory degree of autonomy. The control technologies are demonstrated through flight testing results and the paper concludes with brief remarks on recent research directions regarding coordinated/cooperative control of multiple UAVs.
The Manager as Wise Steward: Activities, Practice, and Virtue

The manager as wise steward is proposed as a regulative ideal. The wise steward artfully manages a group of people, seeing the available means on each matter, organizing, planning, and leading in a way that moves as near as possible in each circumstance toward a worthwhile goal. Such a manager is guided by standards of excellence internal to managerial activities relative to the practices housed in one’s institution. To describe the wise steward, two ancient characters are retrieved: the steward and the person of practical wisdom. As a steward, such a manager holds something in trust, including the practices that are housed in the institution. The activities and practice of the manager are examined in order to reveal virtues needed to excel in managerial activities.
Sleep and Memory Consolidation in Audition

After initial acquisition of memory, active processing of information during sleep serves to change the memory representation, reflective of consolidation. This chapter reviews behavioral and neurophysiological evidence in support of memory consolidation during sleep with a special focus on auditory memories. We review data suggesting that the complexity of sleep memory effects are related to the complexity of the behavior task. Behavioral outcomes of consolidation in auditory memory include stabilization and enhancement of memory in humans, more complex patterns observed in generalized learning in humans, and structured deconsolidation of songs during vocal learning in songbirds. The time course and behavioral outcomes of consolidation may be affected by the extent to which multiple neural networks are recruited during the consolidation process, suggesting multiple ways in which sleep can function to alter memory.
Hanle effect near boundaries: Diffusion-induced lineshape inhomogeneity

The Hanle effect describes suppression of spin polarization due to precession in a magnetic field. This is a standard spintronics tool and it gives access to the spin lifetime of samples in which spins are generated homogeneously. We examine the Hanle effect when spins are generated at a boundary of a diffusive sample by the extrinsic spin Hall effect. We show that the Hanle curve is spatially dependent and that the "apparent" spin lifetime, given by its inverse half-width, is shorter near the boundary even if the spin relaxation rate is homogenous.
Response by Lai and Gladwin to Letter Regarding Article, "SIRT3-AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Activation by Nitrite and Metformin Improves Hyperglycemia and Normalizes Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction".

We certainly agree with Drs Carlstrom and Lundberg that the nitrate–nitrite–nitric oxide (NO) pathway appears to activate AMP kinase (AMPK) signaling networks in the vascular system and skeletal muscle.1–3 It is all the more remarkable considering the fact that exercise, fasting, and metformin activate these pathways, suggesting that nitrite signaling may represent a convergent signaling pathway underlying these physiological stressors and drug, potentially via the intermediacy of NO synthase–dependent NO generation and secondary oxidation to more stable reservoirs of nitrite and nitrate. Interestingly, Drs Carlstrom and Lundberg recently reported that short-term treatment …
A Responsibility Model of Genetic Counseling

In the previous chapter, I introduced and elaborated the teaching and psychotherapeutic models of genetic counseling. The models were located within larger narratives from which they inherited distinct views of communication. I claim that the teaching model of genetic counseling is underwritten by the technical vision of communication; the psychotherapeutic model by the therapeutic vision of communication. Both are broadly situated in what John Durham Peters’ calls the spiritualist tradition. In this chapter I develop an alternative view that has been offered in the genetic counseling literature that places responsibility at the center of its approach. After introducing the responsibility model, I elaborate it in reference to a different philosophical story about communication whose details are worked out in Robert Brandom’s pragmatic model of conversational scorekeeping. These additional expressive resources are then used to flesh out the theses of the responsibility model.
Mucosal Manifestations of Immunosuppression

The clinical presentation of oral lesions in immunosuppressed children is highly variable. In some cases, it is the oral manifestations that results in the discovery an underlying disease that is causing the immunosuppression. Immunosuppression/deficiency can either be primary or acquired. The World Health Organization recognizes more than 100 primary immune deficiency diseases. Examples include DiGeorge syndrome, complement deficiencies, gammaglobulinemia X-linked (Bruton's) disease, immunoglobulin heavy chain deficiency, selective IgA deficiency, transient hypo-gammaglobulinemia of infancy, phagocytic disorders, severe congenital neutropenia (Kostmann syndrome), cyclic neutropenia, leukocyte adhesion defects, Chediak–Higashi syndrome, etc. Examples of acquired immunosuppression include HIV/AIDs and medication-induced immunosuppression seen in transplant patients as well as children undergoing chemotherapy.
Making Leaders: Leadership Characteristics Of Makers And Engineers In The Maker Community

This study examines the emergence of leadership characteristics within a new organizational community of individuals: the Maker community. The Maker community is a group of individuals that classify themselves as “Makers” and have become innovators and entrepreneurs through the creation of technological gadgets, artistic projects, and other end products. Historically, so-called Tinkers were motivated to design and develop objects in their garages apart from other people with similar motivations. Drawing from Quinn’s Competing Values Framework, these Maker communities exemplify emergent leadership characteristics within collaboration frameworks. Forty critical incident interviews with Makers express the leadership characteristics of these individuals. Characteristics may differ from individual to another, but a general representation of the community as a whole can be made from observing sub-groups within the community. The results hold important implications for leadership growth, cross-cultural management, and the future for what has become an emerging organizational community. The growth of this community has implications for the field of engineering education and new project-based learning coursework. The emergence of the Maker community including maker spaces has also become relevant in this context and the future of how we education engineers.
Bacterial Sphingomyelinase is a State-Dependent Inhibitor of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR).

Sphingomyelinase C (SMase) inhibits CFTR chloride channel activity in multiple cell systems, an effect that could exacerbate disease in CF and COPD patients. The mechanism by which sphingomyelin catalysis inhibits CFTR is not known but evidence suggests that it occurs independently of CFTR’s regulatory “R” domain. In this study we utilized the Xenopus oocyte expression system to shed light on how CFTR channel activity is reduced by SMase. We found that the pathway leading to inhibition is not membrane delimited and that inhibited CFTR channels remain at the cell membrane, indicative of a novel silencing mechanism. Consistent with an effect on CFTR gating behavior, we found that altering gating kinetics influenced the sensitivity to inhibition by SMase. Specifically, increasing channel activity by introducing the mutation K1250A or pretreating with the CFTR potentiator VX-770 (Ivacaftor) imparted resistance to inhibition. In primary bronchial epithelial cells, we found that basolateral, but not apical, application of SMase leads to a redistribution of sphingomyelin and a reduction in forskolin- and VX-770-stimulated currents. Taken together, these data suggest that SMase inhibits CFTR channel function by locking channels into a closed state and that endogenous CFTR in HBEs is affected by SMase activity.
Imaging of Three-Dimensional Single Molecule Dynamics in their Cellular Context

Single molecule microscopy has provided a wealth of information regarding the dynamics of receptors on the plasma membrane. In contrast, due to lack of appropriate imaging approaches, very little is known about three-dimensional (3D) single molecule trafficking in subcellular compartments. There are two major technical problems in imaging 3D subcellular single molecule dynamics. First, the dynamics of the single molecules are not confined to one focal plane of the microscope and second, having only the trajectories available of single molecules is typically not meaningful unless the cellular context of the single molecule dynamics is also imaged. For example, only by the simultaneous imaging of the single molecule dynamics and the cellular context can, for example, the diffusion of a receptor be analyzed on a non-stationary endosome. Here we introduce a novel microscopy imaging modality that is designed to simultaneously image both the dynamics of single molecules in three dimensions and the cellular context which may labeled with several fluorophores. Imaging of the single molecule dynamics is carried out using multi-focal plane microscopy (MUM), a previously demonstrated and powerful tool for this task. The cellular context is imaged using a remote focusing approach that is highly compatible with MUM imaging. The efficacy of this new imaging modality, called rMUM for remote focusing multifocal plane microscopy, is demonstrated by an investigation of the trafficking pathways of antibodies against the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in prostate cancer cells. We demonstrate that novel experiments such as a single molecule diffusion study on sorting endosomes are possible with the new microscope, and we completely characterize the pathway of PSMA-specific antibodies, starting with diffusion towards the plasma membrane, followed by endocytosis, transport to sorting endosomes, and subsequent diffusion on sorting endosomes, and ending with either recycling or maturation into a multivesicular body.
Comparison of mobile shopping continuance intention between China and USA from an espoused cultural perspective

Abstract Mobile shopping on smartphone platform is becoming popular in many countries. Motivated by research suggesting that behavioral models do not universally hold across cultures, this study investigated mobile shopping continuance intentions under the influence of user espoused cultural values in China and the United States. A research model drawing on UTAUT was developed with perceived effort expectancy, performance expectancy, mobile social influence, and privacy protection as the key determinants. Data from a US sample of 656 and a Chinese sample of 866 were analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS) procedures to test this model, including the hypothesized antecedent role of some espoused cultural values. The product-indicator approach was adopted to test the hypothesized moderating effect from the espoused cultural values. Contrary to our expectation, the empirical data did not show strong support for the moderating effect of the espoused cultural values. Our data show espoused cultural values more of an antecedent or predictor of mobile shopping continuance. The findings show that culture exerts impact on the mobile shopping continuance decision process both at the macro (country difference) and micro (individual difference as espoused values) level. Relevant discussion, limitations and implications are also provided.
A Feasibility Evaluation of Fair and Privacy-Enhanced Matchmaking with Identity Linked Wishes

The Prom Problem (TPP) represents a special class of matchmaking challenges that amplify the conflicting requirements of anonymity and authentication necessitating fair and privacy-enhanced matchmaking with identity-linked wishes (ILW). ILW are wishes that involve particular identities and are valid only if all associated parties have those same wishes. In this paper, we provide a feasibility evaluation of an implementation of a previously proposed algorithm for TPP along with a detailed characterization of its fairness, and present results from computation and communication specific performance testing. To quantify fairness, we propose the use of a fairness index that combines the concepts underlying Jain’s index with previously established definitions of fair matchmaking and details of the protocol. We also delineate upper and lower bounds for the fairness index values in this context and discuss its relationship to the participants’ confidence in the result. Finally, we present performance results that answer key questions thereby demonstrating the practicality of the solution both in terms of computational costs and communication overhead. The results quantify relative impacts of higher degrees of confidence and anonymity to guide identification of appropriate tradeoffs as the solution is applied to varying problem domains with security and privacy requirements comparable to TPP with ILW.
Use and barriers to chromoendoscopy for dysplasia surveillance in inflammatory bowel disease

Traditionally, patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been thought to be at increased risk of developing colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Although there are recent data suggesting that rates of colitis-associated cancer in IBD patients is declining, current guidelines still recommend regular dysplasia surveillance for early detection and prevention of neoplasia in patients with IBD. White-light endoscopy with random biopsies has been the traditional approach for dysplasia detection; however, newer technologies and approaches have emerged. One method, dye-based chromoendoscopy, has the potential to detect more dysplasia. However, longitudinal data to showing a benefit in morbidity or mortality from the use of chromoendoscopy are still lacking. Many societies have included recommendation on the use of chromoendoscopy with targeted biopsies as a method of surveillance for colitis - associated colorectal cancer. This narrative review seeks to outline data on dysplasia detection as well as barriers to the implementation of dye-based chromoendoscopy for the prevention and early detection of colitis-associated colorectal cancer.
Management of Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer: Ensuring the Right Treatment of the Right Patient at the Right Time

Biochemically recurrent prostate cancer is an increasingly common disease state, with more than 25,000 cases occurring annually in the United States. Fortunately, progress continues to be made to more effectively identify metastatic disease, optimize existing therapies, and develop new technologies and therapeutic strategies for the timing and delivery of systemic treatments to improve outcomes. This review covers three topics related to the diagnosis and treatment of men with biochemical recurrence (BCR). First, we provide an update on the state of the rapidly evolving field of molecular imaging and its place in practice. Second, we describe validated clinicopathologic methods to risk stratify patients with biochemically recurrent disease, including new gene expression classifiers, to personalize postoperative radiotherapy (RT) timing. Last, we define our approach to optimal management with systemic therapy, including identifying the patients who may benefit most and balancing the duration and timing of ...
Evolution of Sexual Reproduction and Floral Diversity

Effective plant breeding requires a knowledge of several basic principles, one of which is the structure and function of flowers. Flowers are borne on inflorescences. In some species (e.g. Narcissus), it is difficult to determine where the inflorescence actually begins and ends. A great labyrinth of terminology exists on the classification of inflorescences. The most common inflorescence types are the raceme, spike, panicle, umbel, cyme, and head (Fig. 1). The parts of a flower are arranged in successive whorls (Fig. 2). The first whorl consists of the sepals which together form the calyx. The general function of the sepals is to protect the flower as it is developing. In many flowers, the sepals are green and very small. The second whorl contains the petals, which together form the corolla. The general function of the corolla is to attract pollinators. The petals are usually brightly colored and are the most attractive part of the flower. In some flowers (e.g. Clematis), however, the corolla is absent and the calyx is the brightly colored structure which attracts the pollinators. The calyx and corolla together form the perianth. In some plants there may be little difference in the appearance of the petals and sepals. In those plants, the petals and sepals are referred to as tepals. In wind-pollinated flowers (e.g. Salix), the entire perianth may be absent. In those species, the flowers only consist of reproductive organs.
Cleft mitral leaflets and severe mitral regurgitation: Testing the limits of percutaneous mitral valve repair

Repair of mitral regurgitation (MR) with the MitraClip device (Abbot Vascular, Menlo Park, CA) to treat degenerative MR is associated with improved acute and long-term outcomes. There is an increasing adoption of the device and operators are now testing the limits of the therapy even for unfavorable anatomies. Isolated cleft mitral leaflets are rare but represent a challenge to percutaneous repair. We present two cases of successful repair of severe MR and cleft mitral leaflets. In the first case, a 52-year-old male with a dilated cardiomyopathy and an ejection fraction (EF) of 15% presented in decompensated heart failure. Workup revealed a pseudo-cleft anterior mitral leaflet and a cleft posterior leaflet. A strategy to treat the restricted posterior leaflet lateral of the posterior cleft with a provisional second clip resulted in trace residual MR with only one clip, and an EF improvement to 50% at 2-month follow-up. In the second case, an 80-year-old male with a history of obstructive CAD with a normal EF but severe MR and a restricted anterior leaflet presented with severe shortness of breath. An initial strategy to grasp the middle of the valve was unsuccessful due to the cleft. Instead, two clips were placed side-by-side on either side of the cleft resulting in trivial residual MR. Despite challenging anatomy percutaneous repair can allow for dramatic reduction in MR, resulting in significant left ventricular remodeling and improvement of EF and cardiac output.
An evaluation of Fuchs-Sondheimer and Mayadas-Shatzkes models below 14nm node wide lines

The applicability of the Fuchs-Sondheimer and Mayadas-Shatzkes scattering models below the 14nm node with wide interconnect trenches of variable aspect ratio is investigated. The aspect ratio of these lines was varied between 1.2, 1.8, and 2.5; and the grain structure was concurrently manipulated. As the vertical dimension varied from greater than and less than the mean free path in Cu (39nm) at 21°C, the experiment found that the current approximation to the Fuchs-Sondheimer equation requires adjustment to the leading coefficient. Further, parameter fitting leads to the conclusion that specularity in these samples has a negative value of -0.2. The negative specularity is explained by surface roughness. The Mayadas-Shatzkes model retains its applicability and fits the data with a reflectivity of 0.16-0.17.The applicability of the Fuchs-Sondheimer and Mayadas-Shatzkes scattering models below the 14nm node with wide interconnect trenches of variable aspect ratio is investigated. The aspect ratio of these lines was varied between 1.2, 1.8, and 2.5; and the grain structure was concurrently manipulated. As the vertical dimension varied from greater than and less than the mean free path in Cu (39nm) at 21°C, the experiment found that the current approximation to the Fuchs-Sondheimer equation requires adjustment to the leading coefficient. Further, parameter fitting leads to the conclusion that specularity in these samples has a negative value of -0.2. The negative specularity is explained by surface roughness. The Mayadas-Shatzkes model retains its applicability and fits the data with a reflectivity of 0.16-0.17.
Abstract P117: Prediction of Undiagnosed Diabetes in Africans is Optimized by Using Fasting Plasma Glucose at a Threshold of 100 mg/dL: The Africans in America Study

Introduction and Objectives: Detecting undiagnosed diabetes is the first step towards addressing the diabetes epidemic in Africa. Although there is little experience with diabetes prediction equati...
Monthly Progression of Emergency Medicine Resident Efficiency: What Can We Expect of Our Residents Throughout Training?

Abstract Background Developing the capacity for efficient patient care is essential during emergency medicine (EM) residency training. Previous studies have demonstrated that resident efficiency improves during each year of training. Objectives This study assessed the progression of EM resident efficiency monthly and sought to develop a model that describes this progression in terms of patients per hour (pts/h) weighted by month of training. Methods We performed a retrospective review of EM resident efficiency as determined by pts/h using EM resident monthly patient logs from a postgraduate year (PGY) 1–3 EM training program. Mean pts/h and standard deviation (SDs) were calculated based on month of training. One-way analysis of variance compared year-to-year training. We formulated several linear regression models to describe this progression. Results We analyzed 51 consecutive months of patient logs from 110 residents. The mean pts/h for PGY1 was 1.201 (n = 85, SD = 0.241), for PGY2 was 1.497 (n = 82, SD = 0.218), and for PGY3 was 1.676 (n = 80, SD = 0.224). Linear regression was used to describe patients seen per hour by the month of training. A significant regression was found with an R2 of 0.437 and p Conclusions EM resident efficiency increases monthly, with most improvement occurring in the PGY1 year. Understanding this improvement may aid in resident performance evaluation and the understanding of predicted resident workflow.
Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell Therapy for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Clinical trials of mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) therapy for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are already underway. A thorough understanding of the preclinical work that underpins these trials is critical for neonatal practitioners to properly evaluate them. The more significant advances have been in investigating the mechanisms of action by which MSCs are thought to ameliorate BPD, and the recognition that this therapeutic effect is largely contained within the non-cellular exosome fraction of MSCs. In rodent hyperoxia models of BPD, MSCs have a pro-angiogenic effect mediated largely by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and shift the balance of endogenous lung cells from a pro-inflammatory to a pro-healing phenotype. MSC-derived exosomes can recapitulate these effects.
Issues on Innovation in Japanese Farm Business

This chapter treats agricultural entrepreneurship and innovation in Japan. The key question is, in spite of so many farmers with strong business mind have been appearing everywhere in Japan, why Japanese agriculture has still been shrinking? As we call the driving force of getting industry up as innovation, we expect it to create a new market. But the concept of innovation has multiple meaning today, and we have to consider the concept theoretically. In this chapter, we define innovation as activities of producing new business ideas or behaviors for developing new business value. Innovation works in business field. And we treat business not only private business but also community business and social business. We understand the essence of business as creating new value and improving social welfare. To discuss entrepreneurship and innovation, I take up three studies of innovation research. The first is disruptive innovation theory by Clayton M. Christensen, the second is P. F. Drucker’s innovation and entrepreneurship theory, and the last is diffusion of innovation theory by E. M. Rogers. Through discussing the three studies, we search for a key point of treating innovation and entrepreneurship. And we proceed to the next discussion using Anita McGahan’s industrial model which divides all industry into four patterns. Showing statistical data, we search the pattern for Japanese agriculture. And in the last discussion, we consider the value process of farm products. What players get involved in this value – generating process? If there are so many kinds of players there, they exchange the business ideas and actions, that will be a source of generating innovation. And ideas and actions are intangible assets. We can say intangible assets have an advantage over tangible assets to generate innovation.
XModal-ID: Using WiFi for Through-Wall Person Identification from Candidate Video Footage

In this paper, we propose XModal-ID, a novel WiFi-video cross-modal gait-based person identification system. Given the WiFi signal measured when an unknown person walks in an unknown area and a video footage of a walking person in another area, XModal-ID can determine whether it is the same person in both cases or not. XModal-ID only uses the Channel State Information (CSI) magnitude measurements of a pair of off-the-shelf WiFi transceivers. It does not need any prior wireless or video measurement of the person to be identified. Similarly, it does not need any knowledge of the operation area or person's track. Finally, it can identify people through walls. XModal-ID utilizes the video footage to simulate the WiFi signal that would be generated if the person in the video walked near a pair of WiFi transceivers. It then uses a new processing approach to robustly extract key gait features from both the real WiFi signal and the video-based simulated one, and compares them to determine if the person in the WiFi area is the same person in the video. We extensively evaluate XModal-ID by building a large test set with $8$ subjects, $2$ video areas, and $5$ WiFi areas, including 3 through-wall areas as well as complex walking paths, all of which are not seen during the training phase. Overall, we have a total of 2,256 WiFi-video test pairs. XModal-ID then achieves an $85%$ accuracy in predicting whether a pair of WiFi and video samples belong to the same person or not. Furthermore, in a ranking scenario where XModal-ID compares a WiFi sample to $8$ candidate video samples, it obtains top-1, top-2, and top-3 accuracies of $75%$, $90%$, and $97%$. These results show that XModal-ID can robustly identify new people walking in new environments, in various practical scenarios.
Aerosol Optical Tweezers Constrain the Morphology Evolution of Liquid-Liquid Phase-Separated Atmospheric Particles

Summary Chemical models of atmospheric particles are vital in understanding the role of aerosol particles in atmospheric chemistry, air pollution, human health, and climate change. Advancing these models requires new frameworks that can realistically predict how critical particle properties evolve. We present such a framework for predicting particle phase separation and which morphology will prevail; this controls how each particle interacts with and affects the atmosphere. We studied the mixing behavior of α-pinene secondary organic aerosol (SOA) with different organic phases, as relative humidity was varied to determine the interplay between polarity, miscibility, interfacial tension, and the resulting morphology. Using measurements from aerosol optical tweezers experiments and literature data, a general trend in morphology with increasing atmospheric oxidation was observed, from biphasic partially engulfed (where both phases are immediately accessible to the gas phase) to biphasic core shell (where the organic shell conceals the core) and finally to a single-phase, homogeneous morphology.
Gervais, Bryan T., and Irwin L. Morris. Reactionary Republicanism: How the Tea Party in the House Paved the Way for Trump’s Victory: New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2018. 316 pages. $99 (hardcover); $27.95 (softcover).

In the wake of Donald Trump’s electoral victory in 2016, scholars have scrambled to explain his campaign’s unexpected success. While some have argued that polling deficiencies underestimated Trump’...
Healthy Lifestyle and Cognition: Interaction between Diet and Physical Activity

This review discusses current research on the impact of specific dietary patterns and exercise, both individually and combined, on cognitive function in older adults. Observational evidence generally supports a relationship between diet adherence and positive cognitive outcomes related to memory, executive function, and risk for cognitive impairment; however, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are limited. Exercise research is more extensive, showing improvements in cognitive performance after exercise interventions regardless of baseline cognitive status and noting lower incidences of cognitive impairment in people who engage in regular physical activity. Evidence supports adherence to specific dietary patterns and a combination of aerobic and resistance exercise as an effective approach to mitigate age-associated cognitive decline. Further research on older adults at various stages of cognitive decline, as well as longer-term RCTs, will help determine the best clinical markers of early cognitive dysfunction, and the effectiveness of early lifestyle intervention on cognitive function.
Rapid Response of an Academic Surgical Department to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Patients, Surgeons, and the Community.

Background As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to spread, swift actions and preparation are critical for ensuring the best outcomes for patients and providers. We aim to describe our hospital and Department of Surgery’s experience in preparing for the COVID-19 pandemic and caring for surgical patients during this unprecedented time. Study Design This is a descriptive study outlining the strategy of a single academic health system for addressing the following 4 critical issues facing surgical departments during the COVID-19 pandemic: developing a cohesive leadership team and system for frequent communication throughout the department; ensuring adequate hospital capacity to care for an anticipated influx of COVID-19 patients; safeguarding supplies of blood products and personal protective equipment to protect patients and providers; and preparing for an unstable workforce due to illness and competing personal priorities, such as childcare. Results Through collaborative efforts within the Department of Surgery and hospital, we provided concise and regular communication, reduced operating room volume by 80%, secured a 4-week supply of personal protective equipment, and created reduced staffing protocols with back-up staffing plans. Conclusions By developing an enabling infrastructure, a department can nimbly respond to crises like COVID-19 by promoting trust among colleagues and emphasizing an unwavering commitment to excellent patient care. Sharing principles and practical applications of these changes is important to optimize responses across the country and the world.
Incidence of thromboembolic events following administration of four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC) for oral anticoagulation reversal.

Abstract Introduction Prothrombin complex concentrates (4F-PCC) for anticoagulation reversal pose a risk of thromboembolism although data are limited. This study aims to quantify thromboembolic events (TE) and describe associations. Materials and methods Retrospective, two-center, study of patients receiving 4F-PCC between September 2013 and December 2017 for warfarin or direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) reversal. Primary outcome was in-hospital TE incidence and secondary outcomes were to describe characteristics associated with TE. Data are reported descriptively and analyzed with bivariate and multivariate analyses. Results 542 patients were included (mean age 73 ± 14 years, 58% male, 76.6% warfarin/23.4% DOAC reversal). Most had intracranial hemorrhage (68.5%) or were undergoing an emergent procedure (13.4%). Fifty patients (9.2%) experienced in-hospital TE and most (62%) occurred within 7 days of 4F-PCC. Younger age (66 vs. 74 years, p Conclusions In-hospital TE following 4F-PCC was 9.2%, most events occurred within 7 days, and younger age, indication for anticoagulation, and LOS were independently associated with TE which may influence treatment selection.
The association of frailty with olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in older adults: a nationally representative sample.

BACKGROUND Olfaction and gustation are associated with age-related decline. Deficits in these chemosenses have been associated with significant comorbidities. Meanwhile, frailty, defined as a reduced physiological reserve, is well correlated with mortality and worse health outcomes. We sought to analyze a nationally representative patient population to determine the association between chemosensory dysfunction and frailty. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2014 was performed, using multivariate logistic regression to examine the association between chemosensory dysfunction and frailty in adults aged ≥40 years (n = 3547). Self-reported olfactory dysfunction (sOD) and gustatory dysfunction (sGD), and measured olfactory dysfunction (mOD) and gustatory dysfunction (mGD) were assessed for all participants. Frailty was operationalized using a 39-item frailty index (FI) and stratified into 4 groups using validated cutoffs. RESULTS Participants with sOD and mOD had significantly higher mean FI scores (sOD: 0.18 vs 0.13, p < 0.001; mOD: 0.20 vs 0.14, p < 0.001), whereas subjects with sGD, but not mGD, had higher mean FI scores (sGD: 0.21 vs 0.13, p < 0.001; mGD: 0.14 vs 0.14, p = 0.953). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated frail participants had significantly greater odds of sGD (odds ratio [OR] 4.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.46 to 4.88), sOD (OR 2.35; 95% CI, 1.98 to 2.78), and mOD (OR 1.58; 95% CI, 1.22 to 2.05), but not mGD (OR 1.21; 95% CI, 0.91 to 1.61). This association was strongest in the frailest group. CONCLUSION Self-reported chemosensory dysfunction and mOD are independently associated with measures of frailty, suggesting a novel method to assess or predict frailty.
Parasitoid wasp venom targets host immune cell production in a Drosophila-parasitoid interaction

The interactions between Drosophila melanogaster and the parasitoid wasps that infect Drosophila species provide an important model for understanding host-parasite relationships. Following parasitoid infection, D. melanogaster larvae mount a response in which immune cells (hemocytes) form a capsule around the wasp egg, which then melanizes leading to death of the parasitoid. Previous studies have found that host hemocyte load, the number of hemocytes available for the encapsulation response, and the production of lamellocytes, an infection induced hemocyte type, are major determinants of host resistance. Parasitoids have evolved various virulence mechanisms to overcome the immune response of the D. melanogaster host, including both active immune suppression by venom proteins and passive immune evasive mechanisms. We find that a previously undescribed parasitoid species, Asobara sp. AsDen, utilizes an active virulence mechanism to infect D. melanogaster hosts. Asobara sp. AsDen infection inhibits host hemocyte expression of msn, a member of the JNK signaling pathway, which plays a role in lamellocyte production. Asobara sp. AsDen infection restricts the production of lamellocytes as assayed by hemocyte cell morphology and altered msn expression. Our findings suggest that Asobara sp. AsDen venom targets host signaling to suppress immunity.
Photorefraction-induced Bragg scattering in cryogenic lithium niobate ring resonators

We report intracavity Bragg scattering induced by the photorefractive (PR) effect in high-Q lithium niobate ring resonators at cryogenic temperatures. We show that when a cavity mode is strongly excited, the PR effect imprints a long-lived periodic space-charge field. This residual field in turn creates a refractive index modulation pattern that dramatically enhances the back scattering of an incoming probe light, and results in selective and reconfigurable mode splittings. This PR-induced Bragg scattering effect, despite being undesired for many applications, could be utilized to enable optically programmable photonic components.
Confronting COVID: Crisis Leadership, Turbulence, and Self-Care

School leadership during the pandemic serves as the contextual backdrop for this conceptual article Specifically, we believe the preparation of today’s school leaders must be re-examined to consider the inclusion of frameworks that consider not only how principals might navigate extreme crises but also how they look after themselves and their wellbeing in ways that may curb the chronic stress that often leads to professional burnout In this article, we tie together three bodies of literature – crisis management, leadership in turbulence, and self-care – and introduce a conceptual framework that may help us reconsider the preparation of today’s school leader These bodies of literature, while not yet broadly studied in education, are key to our understanding of how school leaders can successfully practice their new day-to-day practices after experiencing turmoil under the COVID-19 pandemic © Copyright © 2021 Urick, Carpenter and Eckert
On the application of Rice's exceedance statistics to atmospheric turbulence.

Discrepancies produced by the application of Rice's exceedance statistics to atmospheric turbulence are examined. First- and second-order densities from several data sources have been measured for this purpose. Particular care was paid to each selection of turbulence that provides stationary mean and variance over the entire segment. Results show that even for a stationary segment of turbulence, the process is still highly non-Gaussian, in spite of a Gaussian appearance for its first-order distribution. Data also indicate strongly non-Gaussian second-order distributions. It is therefore concluded that even stationary atmospheric turbulence with a normal first-order distribution cannot be considered a Gaussian process, and consequently the application of Rice's exceedance statistics should be approached with caution.