cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of neonates requiring prolonged stay in the intensive care unit after surgical repair of congenital heart disease

Abstract Objective After neonatal cardiac surgery, a number of patients need a prolonged stay in the intensive care unit (ICU). Those patients require tremendous resources and strain the capacity of cardiac units. To date, little knowledge of early and late survival for this challenging population exists. Methods From 2002 to 2012, 108 neonates required a postoperative ICU stay >30 days. Multivariable regression analyses examined factors associated with hospital death and late survival. Comparison of late outcomes in hospital survivors was made between those who had prolonged ICU stay (n = 82) and contemporaneous neonates who did not (n = 1329). Results Hospital mortality occurred in 26 of 108 patients (24%). On multivariable analysis, factors associated with mortality were use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (odds ratio, 3.4 [95% confidence interval, 1.3-9.1], P = .014) and renal failure that required dialysis (odds ratio, 3.1 [95% confidence interval, 1.0-10.0], P = .056). Overall survival at 1 and 8 years was 57% and 51%. Comparison of late outcomes for hospital survivors showed that neonates who required prolonged postoperative stay in the ICU had significantly worse 8-year survival (69% vs 92%; P P P = .021). Overall, 77% of single-ventricle hospital survivors who required prolonged stay in the ICU progressed to Glenn, with 82% of them reaching or qualifying for subsequent Fontan. Conclusions Prolonged postoperative stay in the ICU is associated with high hospital and significant postdischarge mortality, mainly during the first year. In neonates with single ventricle, prolonged stay in the ICU was associated with high hospital and interstage mortality and usual progression subsequent to Glenn shunt. In contrast, prolonged stay in the ICU in neonates with 2 ventricles was associated with high hospital mortality and considerable decrease in late survival, suggesting a more pronounced deviation from expected survival in those patients.
Research on Epidemic Status of Chronic Diseases and Control Measures in Rural Areas

Chronic disease imposes huge threat to the people's life,and it has become the main source of disease burden.This re-search by distribution of disease found that,in china's rural areas,the prevalence rate of the chronic disease increased with the age;the in-cidence advanced with an early age;The smaller of age,the greater the incidence rate increased;different chronic diseases in gender with different trend;rural residents had less knowledge of modern medical,lack the sense of health,also with lower rate of knowing,treatment and controlment;because of the lower income and the poorer medical care,chronic diseases caused heavy burden in the economic;the prevalence rate of the chronic disease increased faster than the city,and also increased in the death causes.According to the present situa-tions,this article also proposes control measures after analyzing the problems existing in the chronic disease in the rural areas.
Home Truths: Promises and Challenges in Linking Mortgages and Political Influence

What can “big data” tell us about the dynamics shaping the regulation of and activities in housing and mortgage markets? This paper describes a detailed database of the lobbying activities, campaign contributions, political connections, and mortgage lending activities of the financial industry. A review of the findings of recent research that has utilized this data set suggests that the political influence of the financial industry may have a bearing on the regulation of mortgage markets and, in turn, on risk-taking by lenders. A key challenge is deciphering the motivations behind the politically targeted activities of the financial industry.
Clinical Performance of Synthesized Two-dimensional Mammography Combined with Tomosynthesis in a Large Screening Population

Purpose To compare the clinical performance of synthesized two-dimensional (s2D) mammography combined with digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) with that of full-field digital mammography (FFDM) alone and FFDM combined with DBT in a large community-based screening population by analyzing recall rate, positive predictive value, and cancer detection rate. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective study approved by the institutional review board and was HIPAA compliant with waiver of informed consent. A total of 78 810 screening mammograms from October 11, 2011, to June 30, 2016, were retrospectively collected. Of these, 32 076 were FFDM, 30 561 were DBT-FFDM, and 16 173 were DBT-s2D mammograms. Diagnostic performance of FFDM, DBT-FFDM, and DBT-s2D mammography was compared. Statistical significance was determined by using the Pearson χ2 test and was expressed as odds ratios and related confidence intervals determined by means of logistic regression analysis with pairwise comparisons. Results Recall rates were significantly lower with DBT-s2D mammography (4.3%, 687 of 16 173) when compared with DBT-FFDM (5.8%, 1785 of 30 561; odds ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval: 0.65, 0.78; P < .0001) and when compared with FFDM alone (8.7%, 2799 of 32 076; odds ratio, 0.46; 95% confidence interval: 0.43, 0.51). The cancer detection rate was similar among FFDM alone (5.3 of 1000 screening examinations), DBT-FFDM (6.4 of 1000 screening examinations), and DBT-s2D mammography (6.1 of 1000 screening examinations) with no significant difference (FFDM vs DBT-FFDM, P = .08; FFDM vs DBT-s2D, P = .27). The percentage of invasive cancers detected was significantly higher with DBT-s2D mammography (76.5%) than with DBT-FFDM (61.3%, P = .01), and positive predictive values with DBT-s2D mammography (40.8%) were significantly higher than those with DBT-FFDM (28.5%, P < .0001). Conclusion Screening with DBT-s2D mammography in a large community-based practice improved recall rate and positive predictive values without loss of cancer detection rate when compared with DBT-FFDM and FFDM alone. © RSNA, 2017.
Stellar disruption events support the existence of the black hole event horizon

Many black hole (BH) candidates have been discovered in X-ray binaries and in the nuclei of galaxies. The prediction of Einstein's general relativity is that BHs have an event horizon --- a one-way membrane through which particles fall into the BH but cannot exit. However, except for the very few nearby supermassive BH candidates, our telescopes are unable to resolve and provide a direct proof of the event horizon. Here, we propose a novel observation that supports the existence of event horizons around supermassive BH candidates heavier than 10^{7.5} solar masses. Instead of an event horizon, if the BH candidate has a hard surface, when a star falls onto the surface, the shocked baryonic gas will form a radiation pressure supported envelope that shines at the Eddington luminosity for an extended period of time from months to years. We show that such emission has already been ruled out by the Pan-STARRS1 3pi survey if supermassive BH candidates have a hard surface at radius larger than 1 + 10^{-4.4} times the Schwarzschild radius. Future observations by LSST should be able to improve the limit to 1 + 10^{-6}.
Response to 'Early view: an opportunity for enhanced peer review'.

We welcome the anonymous readers’ interest in our advance-access manuscript, and appreciate the opportunity to respond to the Editor's comments on our article as it reaches the Journal's pages in print. First, the Editor suggests ‘it may be incorrect to state that the intervention led to a reduction in hypoglycaemia rates’ because the study did not report the change in hypoglycaemia rates from baseline. The aim of our study was to compare rates of adverse events between intervention and control groups during the course of the trial. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Gamification Methods in Higher Education

Gamification impacts the classroom through the integration of personal and social elements, creating an immersive learning environment. Rooted in the motivational framework of flow experiences, gamification is a contemporary educational approach that leverages the characteristics of gaming culture. This study examined how gamification techniques were operationalized by eight professors and one director of instructional technology. The results of interviews among a purposive sample show that gamification improves learning outcomes. Subjects ranging from computer science and technology to languages and multimedia journalism are taught in classrooms on campus, online, and in hybrid settings. Game design mechanics such as points, challenges, and collaboration rank as the top three elements of gamification. Professors noted increases in student coursework completion and discussion participation; students were exposed to real life situations and had fun learning. This study addresses the gap in educational perspectives through gamification to encourage desirable behavior for the benefit of the learner community.
Health system preparedness for integration of mental health services in rural Liberia.

There are increasing efforts and attention focused on the delivery of mental health services in primary care in low resource settings (e.g., mental health Gap Action Programme, mhGAP). However, less attention is devoted to systematic approaches that identify and address barriers to the development and uptake of mental health services within primary care in low-resource settings. Our objective was to prepare for optimal uptake by identifying barriers in rural Liberia. The country’s need for mental health services is compounded by a 14-year history of political violence and the largest Ebola virus disease outbreak in history. Both events have immediate and lasting mental health effects. A mixed-methods approach was employed, consisting of qualitative interviews with 22 key informants and six focus group discussions. Additional qualitative data as well as quantitative data were collected through semi-structured assessments of 19 rural primary care health facilities. Data were collected from March 2013 to March 2014. Potential barriers to development and uptake of mental health services included lack of mental health knowledge among primary health care staff; high workload for primary health care workers precluding addition of mental health responsibilities; lack of mental health drugs; poor physical infrastructure of health facilities including lack of space for confidential consultation; poor communication support including lack of electricity and mobile phone networks that prevent referrals and phone consultation with supervisors; absence of transportation for patients to facilitate referrals; negative attitudes and stigma towards people with severe mental disorders and their family members; and stigma against mental health workers. To develop and facilitate effective primary care mental health services in a post-conflict, low resource setting will require (1) addressing the knowledge and clinical skills gap in the primary care workforce; (2) improving physical infrastructure of health facilities at care delivery points; and (3) implementing concurrent interventions designed to improve attitudes towards people with mental illness, their family members and mental health care providers.
Control of Underactuated Manipulation by Real-Time Nonlinear Optimization

Underactuated manipulation is the process of controlling a large number of object degrees-of-freedom with fewer robot degrees-of-freedom. The challenge is to derive motion planners and feedback controllers to control underactuated manipulation. In this paper we study the use of real-time nonlinear optimization for motion planning and feedback control of planar batting manipulation with a one joint robot. We study two tasks: cyclic juggling of a disk, and control of a disk from one six-dimensional state to another by a sequence of three bats. We show analytically and experimentally that the juggling controller yields a stable limit cycle with a large basin of attraction. The experimental results for state-to-state control are less successful and indicate that more accurate modeling of the impact and flight dynamics are required.
Lysosomes Support the Degradation, Signaling, and Mitochondrial Metabolism Necessary for Human Epidermal Differentiation.

Keratinocytes undergo significant structural remodeling during epidermal differentiation, including a broad transformation of the proteome coupled with a reduction in total cellular biomass. This suggests that intracellular digestion of proteins and organelles is necessary for keratinocyte differentiation. Here, we use both genetic and pharmacologic approaches to demonstrate that autophagy and lysosomal functions are required for keratinocyte differentiation in organotypic human skin. Lysosomal activity was required for mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. In turn, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, produced as a natural byproduct of oxidative phosphorylation, were necessary for keratinocyte differentiation. Finally, treatment with exogenous reactive oxygen species rescued the differentiation defect in lysosome-inhibited keratinocytes. These findings highlight a reciprocal relationship between lysosomes and mitochondria, in which lysosomes support mitochondrial metabolism and the associated production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. The mitochondrial reactive oxygen species released to the cytoplasm in suprabasal keratinocytes triggers autophagy and lysosome-mediated degradation necessary for epidermal differentiation. As defective lysosome-dependent autophagy is associated with common skin diseases including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, a better understanding of the role of lysosomes in epidermal homeostasis may guide future therapeutic strategies.
Turning Up Your Nose for a Flaviviral Encephalitis Cure

siRNA approaches have demonstrated promise in treating viral infections in animal models, but poor delivery limits clinical application. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Beloor et al. (2018) report that nose-to-brain delivery of viral-targeted siRNA cures mice from West Nile virus encephalitis, with potential implications for human infection.
Putting the Behavior into the Behavior Genetics of Obesity

Tremendous advances in the genetic underpinnings of obesity have emerged in recent years. Curiously, behavioral genetic methods have provided relatively less information on the environmental influences and intermediary behaviors which promote human obesity. This situation in unfortunate since human obesity is, in part, environmentally determined and the result of behaviors such as eating and physical (in)activity. This article has several goals. First, it outlines reasons why behavior qua behavior should be a specific focus of obesity-oriented behavioral genetic designs. Second, possible explanations for why behavior has been underinvestigated are explored. Third, data regarding the genetic/environmental architecture of various obesity-related phenotypes (e.g., food intake, physical activity, etc.) are reviewed. Fourth, a commentary on the importance of gene–environment interactions is offered. Finally, suggestions for future research, including a list of possible “candidate environments” and “candidate intermediary behaviors,” are offered.
Immunoprecipitation-Western Blot for Proteins of Low Abundance

Combining the procedures of immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting can help to overcome some of the limitations of each separate procedure. Immunoblotting can identify immunoprecipitated proteins more specifically and with higher sensitivity than nonspecific protein stains or autoradiography. Immunoprecipitation can enrich proteins of interest to improve sensitivity for detection when compared with immunoblotting of whole cell extracts. Recently, immunoprecipitation-blotting helped to characterize a new autoantibody, anti-p155, and to test for the presence of the autoantibody in patient sera to study its clinical associations. The procedure for immunoprecipitation-blotting, with specific reference to this autoantibody test ("reverse" immunoprecpitation-blotting), is reported here in detail.
The Geometric and Thermodynamic Properties of Grain Boundary Junctions

We provide an overview of the properties of triple junctions and quadruple points. It is shown that these junctions may exhibit distinct behaviors that imply that they have and thermodynamically distinct properties in the same way that grain boundaries can be considered as thermodynamically distinct phases, separate from the material that they inhabit. It is shown that the treatment of triple junctions as thermodynamically distinct defects is a natural extension of the treatment of grain boundaries, and that it can be further extended to other junctions such as quadruple nodes. Equilibrium dihedral angles under conditions of anisotropic interfacial energy are explored, and it is found that the dihedral angles may be variable under a range of different conditions.
Cognition and Neural Coding: Perspectives for Audiologists

Purpose The field of audiology is experiencing many changes resulting from scientific advances, modifications to governmental regulations, and expanding use of technology. These changes bring with ...
Germs, Peacocks, and Scheming Domestics: Theories That Construct or Confront Xenophobia

Varied theories have been used to justify as well as critique xenophobia in social sciences. Evolutionary theories, just as during era of social Darwinism and eugenics, have been used to justify anti-immigrant sentiments as based on genetic differences and mythologized historical accounts. In addition, treating immigration as a “real” threat or focusing on immigrants’ “acculturation” to dominant culture have also been central to creation of other theories of xenophobia. In contrast, many theorists have offered critical perspectives in regard to attitudes toward Others, foreigners, strangers, and minorities. Theories of guilt, splitting/projection, Motherland/Fatherland discourse, archetypes/hostile imagination, Other/Othering, social death, self-idealization/psychophobia, and de-colonialism are discussed in relation to xenophobia.
Molecular mechanics (MM4) calculations on conjugated hydrocarbons

The MM4 force field has been extended to conjugated hydrocarbon systems. It retains most of the formalism and computational schemes that were present in MM3. Several cross-terms have been added in MM4 that were not present in MM3, mainly to improve vibrational frequencies, but also to improve structures and energies. Additional bond order dependence equations have been included. About 80 molecules have been examined, some in multiple conformations, and others with more complete experimental profiles. Conformational energy differences/barriers are generally fit to within 0.5 kcal/mol unless they are very large. The MM4 method for calculating heats of formation has been modified to include vibrational as well as steric energy contributions. The heats of formation for 35 alkenes and 57 conjugated hydrocarbons were determined to have an overall root mean square (rms) deviation of 0.68 kcal/mol from experiment (0.47 kcal/mol weighted rms). The vibrational frequency rms error for eight conjugated hydrocarbons is 31 cm1. Geometries are fit for the most part to within the following ranges: 0.004 A for bond lengths, 1° for bond angles, 4° for torsion angles, and 0.5% for moments of inertia (r2). © 1996 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Analysis of Swept-Ramp Shock-Wave/Boundary-Layer Unsteadiness at Mach 2

This study investigates the large-scale unsteadiness of the 3D shock-wave/boundary-layer interaction generated by a 22.5° compression ramp with 30° sweep in a Mach 2 flow. This study extends previo...
The role of hepatic metabolites of benzene in bone marrow peroxidase-mediated myelo- and genotoxicity.

Chronic exposure of humans to benzene causes bone marrow depression leading to pancytopenia and aplastic anemia (Goldstein, B.D., 1983). Benzene also causes genotoxic effects such as structural chromosome aberrations and DNA strand breaks (Dean, B.J., 1985) that might be related to the increased incidence of acute myelogenous leukemia that is associated with chronic exposure (Infante, P.F., White, M.C., 1983; Aksoy, M., 1985; Arp, E.W., et al., 1983).
Validating the ATLS Shock Classification for Predicting Death, Transfusion, or Urgent Intervention

Abstract Background The Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) shock classification has been accepted as the conceptual framework for clinicians caring for trauma patients. We sought to validate its ability to predict mortality, blood transfusion, and urgent intervention. Materials and methods We performed a retrospective review of trauma patients using the 2014 National Trauma Data Bank. Using initial vital signs data, patients were categorized into shock class based on the ATLS program. Rates for urgent blood transfusion, urgent operative intervention, and mortality were compared between classes. Results 630,635 subjects were included for analysis. Classes 1, 2, 3, and 4 included 312,404, 17,133, 31, and 43 patients, respectively. 300,754 patients did not meet criteria for any ATLS shock class. Of the patients in class 1 shock, 2653 died (0.9%), 3123 (1.0%) were transfused blood products, and 7115 (2.3%) underwent an urgent procedure. In class 2, 219 (1.3%) died, 387 (2.3%) were transfused, and 1575 (9.2%) underwent intervention. In class 3, 7 (22.6%) died, 10 (32.3%) were transfused, and 13 (41.9%) underwent intervention. In class 4, 15 (34.9%) died, 19 (44.2%) were transfused, and 23 (53.5%) underwent intervention. For uncategorized patients, 21,356 (7.1%) died, 15,168 (5.0%) were transfused, and 23,844 (7.9%) underwent intervention. Conclusions Almost half of trauma patients do not meet criteria for any ATLS shock class. Uncategorized patients had a higher mortality (7.1%) than patients in classes 1 and 2 (0.9% and 1.3%, respectively). Classes 3 and 4 only accounted for 0.005% and 0.007%, respectively, of patients. The ATLS classification system does not help identify many patients in severe shock.
Predicting Patient-Centered Outcomes from Spine Surgery Using Risk Assessment Tools: a Systematic Review

The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the current literature in patients undergoing spine surgery in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine to determine the available risk assessment tools to predict the patient-centered outcomes of pain, disability, physical function, quality of life, psychological disposition, and return to work after surgery. Risk assessment tools can assist surgeons and other healthcare providers in identifying the benefit-risk ratio of surgical candidates. These tools gather demographic, medical history, and other pertinent patient-reported measures to calculate a probability utilizing regression or machine learning statistical foundations. Currently, much is still unknown about the use of these tools to predict quality of life, disability, and other factors following spine surgery. A systematic review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines that identified risk assessment tools that utilized patient-reported outcome measures as part of the calculation. From 8128 identified studies, 13 articles met inclusion criteria and were accepted into this review. The range of c-index values reported in the studies was between 0.63 and 0.84, indicating fair to excellent model performance. Post-surgical patient-reported outcomes were identified in the following categories (n = total number of predictive models): return to work (n = 3), pain (n = 9), physical functioning and disability (n = 5), quality of life (QOL) (n = 6), and psychosocial disposition (n = 2). Our review has synthesized the available evidence on risk assessment tools for predicting patient-centered outcomes in patients undergoing spine surgery and described their findings and clinical utility.
Proactively Extracting IoT Device Capabilities: An Application to Smart Homes

Internet of Things (IoT) device adoption is on the rise. Such devices are mostly self-operated and require minimum user interventions. This is achieved by abstracting away their design complexities and functionalities from the users. However, this abstraction significantly limits a user’s insights on evaluating the true capabilities (i.e., what actions a device can perform) of a device and hence, its potential security and privacy threats. Most existing works evaluate the security of those devices by analyzing the environment data (e.g., network traffic, sensor data, etc.). However, such approaches entail collecting data from encrypted traffic, relying on the quality of the collected data for their accuracy, and facing difficulties in preserving both utility and privacy of the data. We overcome the above-mentioned challenges and propose a proactive approach to extract IoT device capabilities from their informational specifications to verify their potential threats, even before a device is installed. We apply our approach to the context of a smart home and evaluate its accuracy and efficiency on the devices from three different vendors.
Lack of survival advantage among re-resected elderly glioblastoma patients: a SEER-Medicare study.

Background The survival benefit of re-resection for glioblastoma (GBM) remains controversial, owing to the immortal time bias inadequately considered in many studies where re-resection was treated as a fixed, rather than a time-dependent factor. Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare (SEER-Medicare) database, we assessed treatment patterns for older adults and evaluated the association between re-resection and overall survival (OS), accounting for the timing of re-resection. Methods This retrospective cohort study included elderly patients (age ≥66) in the SEER-Medicare linked database diagnosed with GBM between 2006 and 2015 who underwent initial resection. Time-dependent Cox regression was used to assess the association between re-resection and OS, controlling for age, gender, race, poverty level, geographic region, marital status, comorbidities, receipt of radiation + temozolomide, and surgical complications. Results Our analysis included 3604 patients with median age 74 (range: 66-96); 54% were men and 94% were white. After initial resection, 44% received radiation + temozolomide and these patients had a lower hazard of death (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.26-0.31, P < .001). In total, 9.5% (n = 343) underwent re-resection. In multivariable analyses, no survival benefit was seen for patients who underwent re-resection (HR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.99-1.27, P = .07). Conclusions Re-resection rates were low among elderly GBM patients, and no survival advantage was observed for patients who underwent re-resection. However, patients who received standard of care at initial diagnosis had a lower risk of death. Older adults benefit from receiving radiation + temozolomide after initial resection, and future studies should assess the relationship between re-resection and OS taking the time of re-resection into account.
Automation and Market Dominance

Does the availability new process technologies---like automation---reinforce the lead of dominant firms, or the opposite? Using novel plant-level data on automation I show patterns consistent with endogenous automation adoption reducing market leader share on average; particularly so in the most concentrated markets and when markets are not growing. I propose that whether leaders or laggards have more incentive to invest in the new technology depends on the balance of two effects: a cost spreading effect and a market stealing effect. In growing markets, the cost spreading effect dominates and process improvements entrench leaders. In more ``zero sum" markets, laggards' incentives to adopt are greater and automation becomes a force for market parity.
Compact eye-safe pulsed hybrid (fiber-bulk) MOPA based on Er-doped gain media

Solid-state laser based on Er-doped gain medium, is a promising approach to designing directly diode-pumped eye-safer pulsed sources in the spectral range ~1.45-1.65 m. This approach allows obtaining spectrally broad laser outputs with high efficiency, if required by application (e.g., anti-speckle), without resorting to nonlinear conversions. All-fiber laser solutions for high PRF pulsed laser sources is deemed desirable, but it may result in high design complexity, especially on the Master Oscillator (MO) end, hence it is not appropriate in cases where low complexity is of major importance. Presented here are the results obtained with pulsed hybrid MOPA comprised of a bulk crystalline Er-based MO and Er-doped fiber amplifier.
Understanding Post-Traumatic Stress Responses among Military Chaplains: Implications for Military Behavioral Health

Military chaplains play a vital role in helping the military accomplish their missions. These chaplains can be exposed to traumatic experiences during their deployments with some of them developing...
Associations of sleep and female sexual function: good sleep quality matters.

Objective To evaluate associations between sleep and female sexual function. Methods A cross-sectional analysis from the Data Registry on Experiences of Aging, Menopause and Sexuality (DREAMS) was performed using questionnaires in women presenting for menopause or sexual health consult at Mayo Clinic from December, 2016 to September, 2019. Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised (FSDS-R), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) assessed sexual function and sleep parameters, respectively. Associations between sleep quality (PSQI score ≥ 5 poor sleep quality), sleep durations ( 7 h) and female sexual dysfunction (FSFI ≤ 26.55 and FSDS-R ≥ 11) were evaluated utilizing a multivariable logistic model adjusting for multiple factors. A secondary analysis evaluated sleep quality by sexual activity and also included sexually inactive women. Results A total of 3,433 women were included (mean age 53). Sexually active women (N = 2,487; 72.4%) were included in the primary analysis; 75% had poor sleep quality, and 54% met criteria for female sexual dysfunction. On multivariable analysis, women with poor sleep quality were 1.48 times more likely to report female sexual dysfunction (95% CI 1.21-1.80, P 7 hours nightly (P = 0.004); however, this was not statistically significant in multivariable analysis. Sexually active women were more likely to report good sleep quality compared with sexually inactive women (25.3% vs 20.5%, P = 0.003). Conclusions Poor sleep quality, but not sleep duration, was associated with greater odds of female sexual dysfunction. Good sleep quality was linked to sexual activity. In addition to its myriad effects on health, poor sleep quality is associated with female sexual dysfunction. Video Summary:http://links.lww.com/MENO/A714.
Freeform Fabrication of Fluidic Edible Materials

From providing nutrition to facilitating social exchanges, food plays an essential role in our daily lives and cultures. In HCI, we are interested in using food as an interaction medium and a context of personal fabrication. Yet, the design space of available food printing methods is limited to shapes with minimal overhangs and materials that have a paste-like consistency. In this work, we seek to expand this design space by adapting support bath-assisted printing to the food context. The bath scaffolds the embedded materials and preserves shapes during the printing processes, enabling us to create freeform food with fluid-like materials. We provide users guidelines for choosing the appropriate support bath type and processing methods depending on the printing material's properties. A design tool suite and application examples, including confectionery arts, 4D printed food, and edible displays are also offered to demonstrate the enabled interaction design space.
Social Class Identity Integration and Success for First-Generation College Students: Antecedents, Mechanisms, and Generalizability

Social class bicultural identity integration research demonstrates that integrated social class identities are linked with better health, well-being, and academic performance among first-generation...
Pseudocirrhosis in Breast Cancer - Experience From an Academic Cancer Center.

Background: Pseudocirrhosis is characterized by radiological changes in the liver that resemble cirrhosis, but with more rapid onset and progression. Though reported most frequently in patients with metastatic breast cancer, little is known about its prognostic factors and impact on breast cancer outcomes. Methods: In this observational study, we reviewed abdominal CT and/or MRI scan reports of all patients with invasive breast cancer diagnosed at our center, during a ten-year period, to identify patients with pseudocirrhosis. Exclusion criteria included lack of baseline imaging, pre-existing cirrhosis, hepatitis B or C, other chronic liver diseases, or heavy alcohol use. Routine descriptive statistical measures were used. Survival distributions were estimated using Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox regression was used for multivariate analysis. Two-tailed p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Eighty-six patients were included – all were females, median age was 57.5 years, and 90% were Caucasian; 86% of primary tumors were hormone-receptor positive and 17% were HER2 positive. Most patients (98%) had metastatic disease with liver involvement (94%), and were heavily pre-treated – 97% with chemotherapy, 85% with hormonal therapy, and 19% with anti-HER2 agents. Median interval from breast cancer diagnosis to pseudocirrhosis was 75.4 months (IQR 35.2-115.3 months). Thirty-six percentage of patients had ≥1 signs of portal hypertension and 49% had ≥1 signs of hepatocellular failure. Pseudocirrhosis led to permanent discontinuation of chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and all systemic therapies in 29%, 31%, and 20% patients, respectively. Median overall survival from diagnosis of pseudocirrhosis was 10.0 months (95%CI 5.2-14.8 months). On multivariate analysis, coagulopathy, hyperbilirubinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and cancer progression were independently predictive of mortality. Conclusions: In this largest series, to date, of breast cancer with pseudocirrhosis, the latter was often complicated by portal hypertension and hepatocellular failure, and markedly impacted breast cancer management. Survival was shorter for patients who developed hepatocellular failure.
History of Cannabis

Cannabis is one of the most omnipresent plants in the world and has been cultivated by mankind for thousands of years. Despite its near ubiquitous use throughout human history, it is considered a Schedule I controlled substance under the US Controlled Substances Act of 1970. In the last century, our society has regarded marijuana as a social menace and restricted its medicinal, scientific, and recreational use. However, organizations have fought for legislative and cultural reform over the last 50 years following the slowly growing scientific evidence to support the potential therapeutic and medicinal effects of cannabinoids. At the time of publication, 15 US states and the District of Columbia have legalized marijuana for adults over the age of 21, and marijuana is legal for medical use in 36 US states. The end to cannabis prohibition may be in sight, but a long road still lies ahead.
Examining the effectiveness of online resources in developing English as a Foreign Language (EFL) reading skills autonomously

The purpose of this mixed methods study is to investigate the effectiveness of online resources in developing English as a Foreign Language (EFL) reading skills autonomously among undergraduate students at the Faculty of Letters and Humanities Fes-Agdal as a representative of the socio-cultural and higher education system of Morocco. The sample consisted of an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group consisted of 120 students that were exposed to three main online tools (Newsela.com, mrnussbaum.com, and rewordify.com) and virtual meetings and instruction provision using Facebook. The control group consisted of 120 students that benefited only from the university’s regular reading courses. The experimental intervention period was followed by interviews with a sample of 25 students from both groups providing a qualitative perspective. The overall results show that online resources had a positive effect on the development of metacognitive skills. Students tended to appreciate the inclusion of online resources in the classroom without devaluing the role of their EFL teacher – the students did not expect online resources to fully replace the role of their teachers.
Concrete Volume Change for Dworshak Dam

Measures required to control volume change and prevent detrimental cracking in mass concrete were determined by test and analysis. This straight gravity dam 717 ft high with a base width of over 500 ft is being built with no joints parallel with the axis. Contraction and shrinkage of mass concrete, when resisted at rigid foundations and old lift joints, result in the development of tensile stresses which, if in excess of the tensile strength, can cause cracking. Stresses induced by restrained contraction occur in the mass as peak internal temperatures are reduced to mean regional temperatures, and at unprotected surfaces, when sharp climatic temperature drops occur. Stresses induced by restrained shrinkage in mass concrete usually occur from autogenous "self generated" volume change. Principal volume change controls adopted for Dworshak included proper selection of mix materials and design, pre-cooling mix materials, post-cooling placed concrete, and installation of insulation over external surfaces prior to cool weather.
Anglican Communion in Crisis: How Episcopal Dissidents and Their African Allies Are Reshaping Anglicanism (review)

Miranda K. Hassett. Anglican Communion in Crisis: How Episcopal Dissidents and Their African Allies Are Reshaping Anglicanism. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007. xiv + 295 pp. Figures. Notes. Index. $39.50. Cloth. Hassett's study is a timely one. The recent extension of African ecclesiastical jurisdiction over dissident congregations in the United States seems to confirm an immanent schism in the Anglican Communion, in which a conservative American minority - allying with a global Southern Anglican majority - will break from the "liberal North." Indeed, the debate over the policy of the U. S. Episcopal Church on homosexuality has cast the Anglican Communion as an exemplar of the realignment of world Christianity, characterized by a corresponding polarization of liberal and conservative values. African archbishops have crucially shaped the terms of this debate within both the Episcopal Church and the larger Anglican Communion, inasmuch as the transformation of many American Episcopal parishes into "missionary churches" of African dioceses has reversed the legacy of colonial evangelization. Drawing on the work of Philip Jenkins, Hassett sets out the terms of this "global-shift" model and shows that the partnership of American conservatives and African Anglicans is the result of neither a uniform social or theological orthodoxy nor an inevitable rise of Southern Christian authority. Instead, the globalization of conservative Anglicanism is the work of strategic coalition-building across space and culture (exemplified best by the 1998 Lambeth Conference of Bishops, when mobilization around the sexuality resolution supplanted a competing focus on debt relief and poverty, on which Southern Anglicans shared more common ground with liberal constituencies) . Meticulously researched, the book is based on (but not limited to) extensive fieldwork in an American dissident congregation and in the Church of Uganda, and the sources offer a range of perspectives among leadership, clergy, and laypeople. This comparative framework demonstrates how homosexuality is in fact the touchstone for a host of larger issues, which have as much to do with contests over material resources and power as they do with moral authority within the Anglican community. At the heart of Hassett's intervention lies a critical investigation of the "global" as a frame of both analysis and experience. Hassett "writes against globalization" (10) by treating the development of Anglican globalism as the product of human agency rather than structural forces. She also situates the Anglican case within a widespread debate about whether globalization perpetuates or unhinges older forms of Western hegemony. The book's collective progression suggests the answer to this question. …
The Social Psychology of the 2012 U.S. Presidential Election: An Introduction

This essay introduces Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy's collection of papers on the social psychology of the 2012 election, framing it in terms of two prior collections. The papers are described as reflecting four themes: President or Barack Obama's path from outsider to incumbent, the nation's shift toward increasingly racialized politics, contemporary perceptions of “Americanness,” and the role of moral values in political engagement.
Effect of Increasing Back and Abdominal Muscle Strength on Low Back Pain

Abstract The method of approach for relief of chronic recurrent backache in women, as described in this study, was the development of muscle power in the abdominal and back musculature through use of a program of progressive resistance exercises. Two groups of subjects were used in the investigation; an experimental group, composed of 19 subjects who complained of painful back symptoms, and a control group consisting of 27 subjects who were free from back pain and abnormality. The results of the study revealed a definite relationship between chronic backache and the strength of the abdominal and back musculature. Symptomatic relief was evident as muscle hypertrophy and power increased.
United States Tort Reform Wars

Advocates in the US claimed on behalf of business and professional interests that American tort law is out of control, imposing unjustified costs on defendants, amounting to billions of dollars annually. As a result, defense-oriented tort reform efforts are prompted, at least in part, by earlier plaintiff gains and throughout the 1960s and into the 1970s tort law that became increasingly pro-victim.
Complex formation and fluorescence: 8-Quinolinol-5-sulfon1c acid as a titrant for bivalient cations

Abstract 8-Quinolinol-5-sulfonic acid can be used in compleximetric titrations by means of a displacement type of titration; a fluorescent weak complex is used to titrate an ion which forms a non-fluorescing stronger complex, the end-point being the appearance of fluorescence. The titration is best performed by an instrumental method. A non-fluorescing weak complex can similarily be used for the titration of a cation which is strongly complexed and fluoresces. By making use of suitable combinations, it is possible to titrate a non-fluorescing complex former and a fluorescing complex former in the same solution.
Watching Walter Cronkite: Reflections on Growing Up in the 1950s and 1960s, by A. K. Kutscher

The title of Austin Ken Kutscher's memoir, Watching Walter Cronkite: Reflections on Growing Up in the 1950s and 1960s, does not do justice to this engrossing narrative. The book includes so much mo...
The sayings gospel Q and the quest of the historical Jesus: a response to John S. Kloppenborg

John Kloppenborg's article is a superb example of why studies of the gospel tradition, including the Sayings Gospel Q, should be important to students of religion as well as of early Christianity. Beginning with the work of Hermann Samuel Reimarus, whose last anonymous and posthumously published essay on “The Intention of Jesus and His Disciples” inaugurated both the modern quest of the historical Jesus and the origins of the synoptic problem, Kloppenborg traces in an exemplary way the twists and turns of a restless biblical scholarship that continues to struggle with the interpretative challenge laid down by Reimarus. From the pioneering studies of David Friedrich Strauss, Ferdinand Christian Baur, and the Tubingen school, through the detailed analyses of Heinrich Julius Holtzmann, Bernhard and Johannes Weiss, and Adolf von Harnack, to the modern research initiated by Heinz Eduard Todt, James M. Robinson, Helmut Koester, and Dieter Luhrmann, Kloppenborg presents an archaeology of the discipline. His mastery of both primary texts and secondary scholarship demonstrates what is required of anyone who wishes to earn the right to have an opinion.
A new data-driven approach to modeling coastal bathymetry from hyperspectral imagery using manifold coordinates

Recently a new approach to modeling nonlinear structure in hyperspectral imagery was introduced [Bachmann et al., 2005]. The new method is a data-driven approach which extracts a set of coordinates that directly parameterize nonlinearities present in hyperspectral imagery, both on land and in the water column. The motivation for such a parameterization and its applicability to coastal bathymetry is based on the physical expectation that in shallow waters in a region that is homogeneous in bottom type and dissolved constituents, the reflectance at any particular wavelength should decay exponentially as a function of depth. If the rate varies with wavelength, then the reflectance should best be described by a nonlinear sheet or manifold in spectral space. Other changes in the structure of the data manifold can be expected as inherent optical properties (IOP) and bottom type vary. The manifold coordinates can be used to extract information concerning the latter as well. In the present work, we compare a manifold coordinate based approach to extracting bathymetry with prior work [Maness et al., 2005] based on radiative transfer modeling; the latter defined a set of look-up tables produced by repeated execution of a radiative transfer software package known as EcoLight. Comparative results for the two approaches are presented for the same Portable Hyperspectral Imager for low-light spectroscopy (PHILLS) airborne hyperspectral scene, acquired over the Indian River Lagoon in Florida in July 2004 and described in [Maness et al., 2005].
Chloride current activated by swelling in retinal pigment epithelium cells

A membrane conductance activated by cell swelling was characterized in cells of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Manipulations of internal and external Cl concentration revealed that the condu...
Effect of elaboration levels on content comprehension

In this experiment we investigated the effect(s) on content comprehension of studying using different levels of elaborative rehearsals. The elaborative methods examined involved studying an article and then preparing and giving a 3- to 4-min presentation from either the first-person or the third-person perspective. A third (control) condition involved study only. A 17-item multiplechoice test was given during the following class period to assess the subjects’ content comprehension for the article. The same test was readministered 2 weeks later to assess long-term content comprehension. Analysis of variance yielded significance for the groups factor for both test administrations. Specific contrast effects indicated that both the first- and third-person conditions produced significantly better content comprehension on the original testing occasion, whereas the third-person condition produced significantly greater content comprehension on the second testing occasion.