cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Target Gene Identification via Nuclear Receptor Binding Site Prediction

In spite of numerous advances in recent years, the complete list of direct target genes for nuclear receptors remains elusive. The integrated application of new computational and experimental methods reviewed in this chapter provides insight into the complex network of regulatory pathways mediated by nuclear receptors which is expected to improve the understanding of the physiology and the pathology of metabolism, development, homeostasis, and other fundamental processes.
Myocardial protective effects of the class Ic antiarrhythmic agent flecainide.

The class Ic antiarrhythmic agent flecainide has recently become available in this country for management of ventricular arrhythmias. The pharmacologic and electrophysiologic features of this class of drug—marked sodium channel blockade producing inhibition of phase 0 of the myocardial action potential, moderate blockade of slow inward (calcium) channels, and general lack of systemic toxicity—suggest that these agents may exert significant myocardial protective effects. This hypothesis was tested in isolated, perfused rat hearts subjected to 30 minutes of global normothermic ischemia followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion after pretreatment with (1) Krebs-Henseleit buffer (n = 7); (2) Krebs-Henseleit buffer with potassium adjusted to 20.9 mmol/L with potassium chloride (n = 10); and (3) Krebs-Henseleit buffer plus flecainide acetate 50 mg/L (0.12 mmol/L) (n = 11). Severity of ischemic injury was assessed by time to ischemic contracture: 9.9 ± 1.3 (Krebs-Henseleit buffer), 18.4 ± 1.1 (potassium chloride), and 25.4 ± 1.0 (flecainide) minutes (mean ± standard error of the mean) (p
The Mass Distribution in the Central Few Parsecs of the Galaxy

The determination of the mass distribution in the central few parsecs of the Galaxy, primarily from the ionized gas dynamics, is discussed. The gas motions are described and interpreted assuming that the orbits are determined by gravitational forces. It is shown that there is good evidence for a central mass of ~ 2 × 106 M⊙. The primary uncertainty in this conclusion results from the possibility of significant magnetic forces. In the absence of corroborating evidence, the case for a massive black hole cannot be considered proven.
The Role of Communication During Trauma Activations: Investigating the Need for Team and Leader Communication Training

Objective Fatal errors due to miscommunication among members of trauma teams are 2 to 4 times more likely to occur than in other medical teams, yet most trauma team members do not receive communication effectiveness training. A needs assessment was conducted to examine trauma team membersʼ miscommunication experiences and research scientistsʼ evaluations of live trauma activations. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that communication training is necessary and highlight specific team communication competencies that trauma teams should learn to improve communication during activations. Design Data were collected in 2 phases. Phase 1 required participants to complete a series of surveys. Phase 2 included live observations and assessments of pediatric trauma activations using the assessment of pediatric resuscitation team assessments (APRC-TA) and assessment of pediatric resuscitation leader assessments (APRC-LA). Setting Data were collected at a southwestern pediatric hospital. Trauma team members and leaders completed surveys at a meeting and were observed while conducting activations in the trauma bay. Trained research scientists and clinical staff used the APRC-TA and APRC-LA to measure trauma teamsʼ medical performance and communication effectiveness. Participants The sample included 29 healthcare providers who regularly participate in trauma activations. Additionally, 12 live trauma activations were assessed monday to friday from 8 am to 5 pm . Results Team members indicated that communication training should focus on offering assistance, delegating duties, accepting feedback, and controlling emotional expressions. Communication scores were not significantly different from medical performance scores. None of the teams were coded as effective medical performance and ineffective team communication and only 1 team was labeled as ineffective leader communication and effective medical performance. Conclusions Communication training may be necessary for trauma teams and offer a deeper understanding of the communication competencies that should be addressed. The APRC-TA and APRC-LA both include team communication competencies that could be used as a guide to design training for trauma team members and leaders. Researchers should also continue to examine recommendations for improved team and leader communication during activations using in-depth interviews and focus groups.
Output Restricted Deques Package

A deque is a linear data structure consisting of finite sequences in which insertions and deletions are permitted only at the ends. Thus stacks and queues can be viewed as special cases of deques that have further restrictions on accesses: a stack prohibits both insertions and deletions at one end, while a queue can only have insertions at one end and only deletions at the other. One of the least restricted cases of a deque is that in which both insertions and deletions are permitted at one end (called the front), but at the other end (the rear) only insertions are allowed; hence it is called output-restricted. This package provides such a data structure, as a representational abstraction.
The Role of Na/K-ATPase Signaling in Oxidative Stress Related to Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease

Na/K-ATPase has been extensively studied for its ion pumping function, but, in the past several decades, has been identified as a scaffolding and signaling protein. Initially it was found that cardiotonic steroids (CTS) mediate signal transduction through the Na/K-ATPase and result in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are also capable of initiating the signal cascade. However, in recent years, this Na/K-ATPase/ROS amplification loop has demonstrated significance in oxidative stress related disease states, including obesity, atherosclerosis, heart failure, uremic cardiomyopathy, and hypertension. The discovery of this novel oxidative stress signaling pathway, holds significant therapeutic potential for the aforementioned conditions and others that are rooted in ROS.
Opportunities and Challenges of Implementing Instructional Games in Mathematics Classrooms: Examining the Quality of Teacher-Student Interactions During the Cover-up and Un-cover Games

This study explored the design and implementation of the Cover-up and Un-cover games, two manipulative-based fraction games, in 14 fifth-grade classrooms. We examined how the fraction concepts were integrated into the game design and explored the nature of teacher-student interactions during games using lesson videos. Our examination showed that interactions focused on game progress, rules, and turn taking with little exploration of strategies or the underlying mathematics. To compare the quality of teacher-student interactions during games with interaction quality during other instructional activities, we coded 5 videotaped lessons from each of the 14 classrooms. Statistical results from a dependent t test indicated that teacher-student interactions were of statistically significant lower quality during games than during non-game segments with similar instructional purpose. Teachers might benefit from additional curriculum support and training to implement games as rich mathematical learning opportunities.
Circular RNAs in rat models of cardiovascular and renal diseases

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as an important new class of genomic regulatory molecules contributing to the development of various diseases, but their relevance to the development and progression of hypertension remains largely unknown. A major impediment to begin studying circRNAs in rat models of inherited hypertension is that the rat as a valuable model of human diseases lags far behind the mouse and human in providing knowledge on circRNAs. In this study, a genome-wide circRNA profiling was performed from four rat strains that are widely used in hypertension research: the Dahl salt-sensitive rat (S), the Dahl salt-resistant rat (R), the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), and the Wistar Kyoto rat (WKY). Combined hybridization data obtained from these four strains allowed for the identification of 12,846 circRNAs as being expressed in the rat kidneys. Out of these, 318 and 110 circRNAs were differentially expressed with a fold change > 1.5 (P < 0.05) in S vs. R and SHR vs. WKY, respectively. Among these circRNAs, circRNA/microRNA interaction was predicted since circRNAs are known as microRNA sponges to sequester microRNAs. Several circRNAs were further validated by quantitative real-time PCR. To our knowledge, our study is the primary report of profiling circRNAs in renal tissue and illustrates that circRNAs could be candidate genetic factors controlling blood pressure.
32 - Infection and Autoimmunity in Patients with Antibiotic Treatment-Resistant Lyme Arthritis

Among the patients with Lyme arthritis who develop persistent synovial inflammation, infection and autoimmunity presumably occur together in the joint. The putative autoimmune phase of the disease becomes apparent only after antibiotic treatment and spirochetal killing. These patients have an increased frequency of DRB 1*0401 or related alleles, T cell reactivity with a particular epitope of OspA or B. burgdorferi, and lack of response to antibiotic therapy. To explain these findings, it is proposed that autoimmunity may develop within the pro-inflammatory milieu of the infected joint because of molecular mimicry between an immunodominant T cell epitope of OspA and a host protein. However, a pathogenic autoantigen remains to be identified. Treatment-resistant Lyme arthritis seems to be an important human model of infection induced autoimmunity causing a chronic joint disease. Studies of this entity may serve as a model for helping to understand not only Lyme arthritis, but also other types of chronic inflammatory arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis.
Chapter 39 – Imaging Inflammation

A non-invasive method that would allow reliable and accurate visualization of subacute, acute and chronic inflammation and infection would benefit the diagnosis and the delineation of infection/inflammatory processes in the clinical setting. While magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography are able to localize relatively small focal abnormalities, these imaging modalities are based primarily upon the detection of anatomical changes. As such, these techniques are of limited utility in the early stages of infective or inflammatory processes and do not allow for the discrimination of active processes from anatomical changes resulting from a treated process or after surgery. The development of a variety of radiopharmaceuticals (both in traditional nuclear medicine and in positron emission tomography) for use in non-invasive imaging of infective/inflammatory processes, both peripherally and centrally, reflects the significant scientific interest in this area. The utility of non-invasive radiopharmaceutical methods is based upon the specific accumulation of the radiotracer in an infective/inflammatory process as a result of local perturbation of the physiologic condition. In order for a radiopharmaceutical to be useful it should: 1 demonstrate fairly rapid accumulation and retention in foci of interest
Didymosphenia geminata habitat requirements are unique and variable for cell establishment and mat accumulation

Didymosphenia geminata is a freshwater diatom that can form thick mats that alter benthic habitat and community structure. In North America, mats now occur in streams outside historical observation ranges, necessitating a better understanding of conditions that support colonization and mat development to predict future occurrences and manage nuisance mats. A subbasin-level approach to relate D. geminata to habitat parameters was taken to minimize ecoregional and climatic differences among 24 sites in the geologically diverse upper Tennessee River basin, USA. Mat occurrence peaked at parameter concentrations slightly above those where D. geminata was absent; supporting previous studies that suggest nutrient limitation induces mat formation. However, unlike previous findings that suggest low dissolved phosphorus (P) is the main trigger of stalk formation, mat presence in this study was not correlated to dissolved P. Several water quality parameters, including water chemistry, temperature, and discharge, were correlated with D. geminata presence and abundance, but the strength of these relationships varied seasonally. These results support the idea that a hierarchical framework of habitat parameters is required for colonization and mat development, and that mat formation is related to stress. Differing conditions supporting cell proliferation and mat development may help explain the inconsistent nature of mats across a region. As parameters other than P may also be important in triggering stalk production, manipulating those may be useful in managing mat biomass.
Synthesis, characterization, and environmental behaviors of monodispersed platinum nanoparticles.

Abstract The release of platinum group elements, including platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs), has been increasing over recent decades. However, few studies have investigated the fate, behavior and effects of PtNPs in environmental media. Here, we report a protocol for the synthesis of five different sizes (8.5 ± 1.2, 10.3 ± 1.3, 20.0 ± 4.8, 40.5 ± 4.1, and 70.8 ± 4.2 nm) of monodispersed citrate- and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated PtNPs, together with a characterization of their behaviors using a multi method approach in relevant biological and toxicological media. In general, PtNPs sizes measured using dynamic light scattering, field flow fractionation, single-particle inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, were all in good agreement when PtNP sizes were larger than the size detection limits of each analytical technique. Slight differences in sizes measured were attributable to differences in analytical techniques, measuring principles, NP shape and NP permeability. The thickness of the PVP layer increased (from 4.4 to 11.35 nm) with increases in NP size. The critical coagulation concentration of cit-PtNPs was independent of NP size, possibly due to differences in PtNPs surface charges as a function of NP size. PtNPs did not undergo significant dissolution in any media tested. PtNPs did not aggregate significantly in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; but they formed aggregates in moderately hard water and in 30 ppt synthetic seawater, and aggregate size increased with increases in PtNPs concentration. Overall, this study describes a general model NP system (i.e., PtNPs) of different controlled NP sizes and coatings that is predictable, stable and useful to investigate the fate, behavior, uptake, and eco-toxicity of NPs in the environment.
Medium Temperature Influences the Rooting Response of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.

Abstract Adventitious rooting of stem cuttings of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. ‘Pink Versicolor’, ‘Brilliant Red’, ‘Jim Hendry’ and ‘Silver Anniversary’ was evaluated after propagation at medium tempe...
The PKC binding protein gene NELL1 and the T-cell differentiation protein gene MAL are hypermethylated in gastric cancer

1134 Background and Aim: Promoter hypermethylation is an important molecular event in human cancers that is associated with transcriptional inactivation of multiple tumor suppressor genes. In order to detect novel candidate tumor suppressor genes, we previously conducted a genome-wide search for novel hypermethylation targets in colon cancers. In this search, we found two novel methylation target genes: the protein kinase C binding protein gene NELL1 and the T-cell differentiation protein gene MAL. NELL1 and MAL were reported to be involved in the process of cell differentiation and growth suppression in bone and lymphocyte, respectively. However, their involvement in digestive tract malignancies has never been studied. In the current study, we investigated the epigenetic abnormality of NELL1 and MAL in gastric cancer. Methods: Forty-seven primary gastric tumors and 41 normal gastric mucosae were analyzed for NELL1 and MAL promoter methylation status. The methylation status was assessed using the real-time quantitative methylation specific PCR (MSP) method. The association of promoter hypermethylation and mRNA downregulation was evaluated in gastric cancer cell lines that underwent 5-aza-deoxycitidine induced global genomic DNA demethylation using the real-time quantitative RT-PCR and MSP methods. Results: NELL1 and MAL demonstrated promoter methylation in 10 of 47 (21%) primary gastric cancers. On the other hand, NELL1 and MAL were methylated in none and only one of 41 normal gastric mucosae, respectively. We also confirmed that the levels of promoter methylation and mRNA expression are inversely associated in 5-aza-deoxycitidien treated gastric cancer cell lines. No significant association was observed between promoter methylation status in tissues and age, gender, tumor stage, or histological subtype for either NELL1 or MAL. Interestingly, NELL1 methylation was significantly more frequent in microsatellite-unstable (MSI-H) cancers (4 of 7) than in microsatelite-stable cancers (6 of 40; p Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that both NELL1 and MAL are abnormally inactivated via promoter methylation in a subset of human gastric cancers. This abnormal methylation appears to occur in an early stage of gastric carcinogenesis because their methylation prevalence is independent of tumor stage. Considering their known biological roles in other organs, methylation-mediated inactivation of these two genes is likely to play a role in genesis and/or progression of a subset of gastric cancer.
Adenosine Triphosphate Production of Muscle Mitochondria after Acute Exercise in Lean and Obese Humans

INTRODUCTION Current evidence indicates mitochondrial dysfunction in humans with obesity. Acute exercise appears to enhance mitochondrial function in the muscle of nonobese humans, but its effects on mitochondrial function in muscle of humans with obesity are not known. We sought to determine whether acute aerobic exercise stimulates mitochondrial function in subsarcolemmal (SS) and intermyofibrillar (IMF) mitochondria in humans with obesity. METHODS We assessed maximal adenosine triphosphate production rate (MAPR) and citrate synthase (CS) activity in isolated SS and IMF mitochondria from subjects with body mass index 32 kg·m (median age, 29 yr; interquartile range, 20-39 yr) before and 3 h after a 45-min cycling exercise at an intensity corresponding to 65% HR reserve. The SS and IMF mitochondria were isolated from muscle biopsies using differential centrifugation. Maximal adenosine triphosphate production rate and CS activities were determined using luciferase-based and spectrophotometric enzyme-based assays, respectively. RESULTS Exercise increased MAPR in IMF mitochondria in both nonobese subjects and subjects with obesity (P 0.05). Exercise increased MAPR supported by complex II in SS mitochondria, in both groups (P 0.05). Citrate synthase-specific activity increased in SS mitochondria in response to exercise only in nonobese subjects (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In nonobese humans, acute aerobic exercise increases MAPR in both SS and IMF mitochondria. In humans with obesity, the exercise increases MAPR in IMF mitochondria, but this response is less evident in SS mitochondria.
Sleep health as an issue of public safety

Abstract The sleep health of public safety personnel is a major concern. Police officers, firefighters and emergency medical service workers provide around-the-clock coverage to protect the health and safety of the public. Long work hours, overnight and extended-duration shifts contribute to sleep deficiency and circadian misalignment. Poor sleep quality and fatigue increase the risk of adverse safety outcomes and contribute to chronic health problems. Furthermore, there is an epidemic of sleep disorders among police, firefighters, and EMS providers. Fatigue risk management programs, including sleep health education and sleep disorder screening, should be implemented. Future research should seek to develop and test schedules which align with sleep and circadian principles. Efforts to improve sleep health of public safety personnel have the potential to vastly improve the safety, overall health, and performance of this vulnerable occupational group, benefiting not only them, but the public that they serve.
A Comparative Study of Two Widely Used Grid-Forming Droop Controls on Microgrid Small-Signal Stability

Historically, two similar grid-forming droop controls are widely reported in literature—the single-loop and multi-loop droop controls. Although being very similar, the authors find that the dynamic performance and stability characteristics of each control method are very different in a microgrid. Compared with the single-loop droop control, the multi-loop droop control is prone to be less damped and loses stability more easily under some circumstances. This article provides a novel insight into the different dynamic responses of the two basic controls. It points out that the two similar controls adjust the angular frequency and voltage magnitude at different locations within the inverter, resulting in different coupling reactances that impact the dynamic response and stability of microgrids differently. The use of the single-loop droop control results in a larger coupling reactance, which helps improve the dynamic response and stability. This novel insight is verified through full-order small-signal analysis, offline electromagnetic transient simulation, and real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulation experiments. The results show that the microgrid has a larger small-signal stability boundary when using single-loop droop control, and this difference increases as the value of an inverter’s inner filter inductance increases.
The stimulatory impact of d-δ-Tocotrienol on the differentiation of murine MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts play essential and opposite roles in maintaining bone homeostasis. Osteoblasts fill cavities excavated by osteoclasts. The mevalonate pathway provides essential prenyl pyrophosphates for the activities of GTPases that promote differentiation of osteoclasts but suppress that of osteoblasts. Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that mevalonate suppressors such as statins increase bone mineral density and reduce risk of bone fracture. Tocotrienols down-regulate 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the mevalonate pathway. In vivo studies have shown the bone-protective activity of tocotrienols. We hypothesize that d-δ-tocotrienol, a mevalonate suppressor, induces differentiation of murine MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts. Alizarin staining showed that d-δ-tocotrienol (0–25 μmol/L) induced mineralized nodule formation in a concentration-dependent manner in MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts. d-δ-Tocotrienol (0–25 μmol/L), but not d-α-tocopherol (25 μmol/L), significantly induced alkaline phosphatase activity, an indicator of preosteoblast differentiation. The expression of differentiation marker genes including BMP-2 and VEGFα was stimulated dose dependently by d-δ-tocotrienol (0–25 μmol/L). Concomitantly, Western blot analysis showed that d-δ-tocotrienol down-regulated HMG CoA reductase. d-δ-Tocotrienol (0–25 μmol/L) had no impact on the viability of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts following 48-h incubation, suggesting lack of cytotoxicity at these doses. Tocotrienols and other mevalonate suppressors have potential in maintaining bone health.
Endobronchial valves for persistent air leak all-cause mortality and financial impact: US trend from 2012-2016.

Background: Endobronchial valves (EBV) are considered an innovation in the management of the persistent air leak (PAL). They offer a minimally invasive alternative to the traditional approach of pl...
Paths to Empathy: Heterogeneous Effects of Reading Personal Stories Online

Every day people share personal stories online, reaching millions of users around the world through blogs, social media and news websites. Why are some of these storiesmore attractive to readers than others? What features of thesepersonal narratives make readers empathize with the storyteller? Do the readers' personal characteristics and experiences play arole in feeling connection to the story they read? Experimentalstudies in psychology show that there are several factors thatincrease empathy in the aggregate, but there is a need for deeperunderstanding of empathetic feelings at the individual level ofstoryteller, story, and reader. Here, we present the design andanalysis of a survey that studied the impact of story featuresand reader predispositions and perceptions on the empathy theyfeel when reading online stories. We use causal trees to find theindividual-level causal factors for empathy and to understand theheterogeneity in the treatment effects. One of our main findingsis that empathy is contextual and, while reader personality playsa significant role in evoking empathy, the mood of the readerprior to reading the story and linguistic story features have animpact as well. The results of our analyses can be used to helppeople create content that others care about and to help themcommunicate more effectively.
A 3kW, 500 kHz E-mode GaN HEMT based Soft-switching Totem-pole PFC

This paper demonstrates the performance improvement of high frequency based totem-pole power factor correction circuit (PFC) using wide band gap (WBG) devices. Currently, the typical totem-pole PFC using WBG devices tend to operate at frequencies lower than 100 kHz under continuous conduction mode (CCM) and greater than 100 kHz with multi-phase interleaved versions of discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) or critical mode (CRM) converters. Soft-switching topologies employing WBG devices can drive the system at much higher rates under CCM, resulting in an efficient and compact design. A totem-pole PFC circuit with a low-loss, zero voltage transition (ZVT) auxiliary branch has been recently proposed, which provides zero voltage turn-on for the high frequency switches, with zero current switching (ZCS) for the auxiliary branch devices. However, due to resonance between the auxiliary switch capacitances and auxiliary inductor causes large over voltage stress across the auxiliary switches. This limits the use of commercially available GaN devices for this application. In this paper an improved soft-switching totem-pole PFC topology is demonstrated using enhanced-mode (e-mode) GaN HEMTs with the addition of snubber circuits. Also, rigorous studies have been conducted for different snubber configurations to alleviate the overvoltage stress and improve converter efficiency even with the presence of snubber. Comprehensive simulation and experimental results are illustrated for a 3kW, 500 kHz E-mode GaN based hardware prototype, achieving a peak efficiency of 98.68% at 2.86kW.
CMIC@TREC 2009: Relevance Feedback Track.

Abstract : This paper describes CMIC's submissions to the TREC'09 relevance feedback track. In the phase 1 runs we submitted, we experimented with two different techniques to produce 5 documents to be judged by the user in the initial feedback step, namely using knowledge bases and clustering. Both techniques attempt to topically diversify these 5 documents as much as possible in an effort to maximize the probability that they contain at least 1 relevant document. The basic premise is that if a query has n diverse interpretations, then diversifying results and picking the top 5 most likely interpretations would maximize the probability that a user would be interested in at least one interpretation. In phase 2 runs, which involved the use of the feedback attained from phase 1 judgments, we attempted to use positive and negative judgments in weighing the terms to be used for subsequent feedback.
A randomized cohort study of the efficacy of PO magnesium in the treatment of acute concussions in adolescents.

Abstract Introduction/study objective Concussions are becoming a growing concern in society today with one out of every five adolescents being affected. This accounts for 1.6 to 3.8 million emergency department visits annually. The current standard of care involves an initial period of mental rest with symptomatic care and symptom-based return to daily activities/sports. High dose IV magnesium has been proven to be neuroprotective in severe TBI. We hypothesized that oral magnesium replacement following a concussion will decrease the overall symptomatic period allowing a quicker return to functional baseline. Methods We used a randomized cohort study involving patients aged 12–18 who presented within 48 h after a concussion. Our study design had a treatment arm including acetaminophen, ondansetron, and magnesium PO and a placebo arm of acetaminophen and ondansetron. We then utilized the Post- Concussion Severity Score (PCSS) to evaluate the extent of the patient's symptoms. This score was collected immediately prior to obtaining medications, 1 h, 48 h, and 120 h after starting the study. The study relied on outpatient follow up through phone conversations, and a Sports Medicine clinic locally. Results Our data shows that there was a statistically significant decrease in the PCSS at 48 h (p = 0.016) in the magnesium group relative to the placebo treatment arm. This study does imply that magnesium supplementation has potential benefit in treatment of concussions acutely. Conclusion Oral magnesium replacement decreases symptoms acutely following a concussion and should be provided with symptomatic management following a concussion in the emergency setting.
Glycoside Hydrolases Restrict the Side Chain Conformation of Their Substrates To Gain Additional Transition State Stabilization.

Carbohydrate side chain conformation confers a significant influence on reactivity during glycosylation and anomeric hydrolysis due to stabilization of the oxocarbenium intermediate or oxocarbenium...
Special Monomial Algebras Of Finite Global Dimension

We find bounds for the Loewy length and for the global dimension in terms of the number of nonisomorphic simple modules over a certain class of finite dimensional algebras of finite global dimension.
Lymphoma-like double-hit genetic abnormalities (MYC/IGH and IGH/BCL2) in a case of non-secretory multiple myeloma.

WHO classification of hematologic malignancies is based on a combination of: (1) clinical presentation; (2) morphologic findings; (3) immunophenotype of abnormal cells; and (4) presence of recurren...
Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Use and Blood Lead Levels in a Cohort of Young Women.

Background: Injectable contraceptive use is common, with 74 million users worldwide. Use of the injectable contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is associated with bone mineral den...
Skilled Nursing Facilities Modify the Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Hospital Readmissions but Not Health Outcomes Among Older Adults.

Objectives: Despite detrimental effects of depressive symptoms on self-care and health, hospital discharge practices and the benefits of different discharge settings are poorly understood in the co...
Association of Vision Impairment With Cognitive Decline Across Multiple Domains in Older Adults.

Importance Associations between visual and global cognitive impairments have been previously documented, but there is limited research examining these associations between multiple measures of vision across cognitive domains. Objective To examine the association between vision and cognitive across multiple cognitive domains using multiple measures of vision. Design, setting, and participants This longitudinal cohort study used data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging for 2003 to 2019. Participants in the current study were aged 60 to 94 years with vision and cognitive measures. Data analysis was performed from May 2020 to May 2021. Main outcomes and measures Cognitive function was measured across multiple domains, including language, memory, attention, executive function, and visuospatial ability. Cognitive domain scores were calculated as the mean of standardized cognitive test scores within each domain. Visual function was assessed using measures of visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and stereo acuity at baseline. Results Analyses included 1202 participants (610 women [50.8%]; 853 White participants [71.0%]) with a mean (SD) age of 71.1 (8.6) years who were followed up for a mean (SD) of 6.9 (4.7) years. Worse visual acuity (per 0.1 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution) at baseline was associated with greater declines in language (β, -0.0035; 95% CI, -0.007 to -0.001) and memory (β, -0.0052; 95% CI, -0.010 to -0.001) domain scores. Worse contrast sensitivity (per 0.1 log units) at baseline was associated with greater declines in language (β, -0.010; 95% CI, -0.014 to -0.006), memory (β, -0.009; 95% CI, -0.015 to -0.003), attention (β, -0.010; 95% CI, -0.017 to -0.003), and visuospatial ability (β, -0.010; 95% CI, -0.017 to -0.002) domain scores. Over the follow-up period, declines on tests of language (β, -0.019; 95% CI, -0.034 to -0.005) and memory (β, -0.032; 95% CI, -0.051 to -0.012) were significantly greater for participants with impaired stereo acuity compared with those without such impairment. Conclusions and relevance These findings suggest that the association between vision and cognition differs between visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and stereo acuity and that patterns of cognitive decline may differ by type of vision impairment, with impaired contrast sensitivity being associated with declines across more cognitive domains than other measures of visual functioning.
Can Neighborhood Social Infrastructure Modify Cognitive Function? A Mixed-Methods Study of Urban-Dwelling Aging Americans:

Objectives: Socialization predicts cognitive aging outcomes. Neighborhoods may facilitate socially engaged aging and thus shape cognition. We investigated places where older adults socialized and w...
Joint Optimization and Tradeoff Modeling for Peak AoI and Delay-Bound Violation Probabilities Over URLLC-Enabled Wireless Networks Using FBC

To support the new and dominating traffic services – ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC), the short-packet data communication techniques, such as finite blocklength coding (FBC), have been developed to guarantee the stringent delay and error-rate bounded quality-of-services (QoS) requirements for delay/age-sensitive wireless applications by using short-packet data communications. On the other hand, the age of information (AoI) has recently emerged as a new dimension of QoS performance metric in terms of the freshness of updated information for the delay/age-sensitive data transmissions. Since the status updates normally only consist of a small number of information bits and require ultra-low latency, integrating AoI with FBC creates another promising solution for supporting delay/age-sensitive URLLC services. However, how to characterize the relationships between AoI and delay over URLLC-enabled wireless networks has neither been well understood nor thoroughly studied in the finite blocklength regime. To overcome these challenges, we propose the joint optimization and tradeoff modeling for both peak AoI and delay-bound violation probabilities to support URLLC in the finite blocklength regime. First, we build up FBC based AoI-driven system models in the finite blocklength regime. Second, we apply the stochastic network calculus (SNC) to upper-bound both the peak AoI violation probability and delay-bound violation probability. Third, we jointly optimize the peak AoI violation probability and delay-bound violation probability and characterize their tradeoff in the finite blocklength regime. Finally, we conduct the extensive simulations to validate and evaluate our proposed AoI-driven schemes in the finite blocklength regime.
A Framework for Investigating GDPR Compliance Through the Lens of Security

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) was widely seen as a significant step towards enhancing data protection and privacy. Unlike previous legislation, adherence to GDPR required organizations to assume greater responsibility for cybersecurity with respect to data processing. This shift represented a profound transformation in how businesses retain, use, manage, and protect data. However, despite these innovative aspects, the actual implementation of the GDPR security side poses some challenges. This paper attempts to identify positive and negative aspects of GDPR requirements and presents a new framework for analyzing them from a security point of view. Firstly, it provides an overview of the most significant scholarly perspectives on GDPR and cybersecurity. Secondly, it presents a systematic roadmap analysis and discussion of the requirements of GDPR in relation to cybersecurity. Results show that some of the GDPR security controls, such as the Data Protection Impact Assessments (DPIA), records on processing, and the appointment of a Data Protection Officer (DPO), are some of the most critical from a security viewpoint. Finally, it provides recommendations for tackling these challenges in the evolving compliance landscape.
Serotonin, Imipramine Binding, Cortisol and Anxiety in Humans Under Stress

Although noradrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems have been implicated in stress among animals and humans [1,4] specific biological indicators of human stress have produced inconsistent results [3].
Responses of estuarine circulation and salinity to the loss of intertidal flats – A modeling study

Abstract Intertidal flats in estuaries are coastal wetlands that provide critical marine habitats to support wide ranges of marine species. Over the last century many estuarine systems have experienced significant loss of intertidal flats due to anthropogenic impacts. This paper presents a modeling study conducted to investigate the responses of estuarine hydrodynamics to the loss of intertidal flats in Whidbey Basin of Puget Sound on the northwest coast of North America. Changes in salinity intrusion limits in the estuaries, salinity stratification, and circulation in intertidal flats and estuaries were evaluated by comparing model results under the existing baseline condition and the no-flat condition. Model results showed that loss of intertidal flats results in an increase in salinity intrusion, stronger mixing, and a phase shift in salinity and velocity fields in the bay front areas. Model results also indicated that loss of intertidal flats enhances two-layer circulation, especially the bottom water intrusion. Loss of intertidal flats increases the mean salinity but reduces the salinity range in the subtidal flats over a tidal cycle because of increased mixing. Salinity intrusion limits extend upstream in all three major rivers discharging into Whidbey Basin when no intertidal flats are present. Changes in salinity intrusion and estuarine circulation patterns due to loss of intertidal flats affect the nearshore habitat and water quality in estuaries and potentially increase risk of coastal hazards, such as storm surge and coastal flooding. Lastly, model results suggested the importance of including intertidal flats and the wetting-and-drying process in hydrodynamic simulations when intertidal flats are present in the model domain.
Clinical Use of Immune Serum Globulin as Replacement Therapy in Patients with Primary Immunodeficiency Syndromes

With the development of the alcohol fractionation method of serum by Cohn et al. (1), immune serum globulin or γ-globulin became available for pharmacological application. Gammaglobulin has been in clinical use for decades (2). Among its early applications, γ- globulin was used as an antimicrobial agent, particularly during World War II, when antibiotics were in limited supply; it has also been the mainstay for the prophylaxis of hepatitis A (3). It was not until 1952 when an army physician, Col. Ogden Bruton, described the first case of a primary immunodeficiency disease, purportedly X-linked infantile agammaglobulinemia, which was successfully treated with intramuscular (im) injections of γ-globulin (4). Since that time, im γ-globulin or, alternatively, fresh or frozen plasma (5) was the mainstay of the treatment of hypogammaglobulinemia until 1981, when intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) became commercially available in the United States. The advent of IVIG resulted in several significant improvements over im γ-globulin in antibody- replacement therapy. All previous preparations of γ-globulin could not be administered iv because they contained significant amounts of aggregated IgG, which caused severe anaphylactoid reactions. Furthermore, the im γ-globulin preparations tended to undergo local degradation and were poorly absorbed (6). Higher doses could be easily administered with IVIG, resulting in improved compliance and rapid achievement of therapeutic levels. Moreover, the indications for IVIG were expanded to include idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) (7,8) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (9,10); additional applications are currently being developed (11). Several different IVIG products are now available in the US see Table 1). All must meet specific standards established by the World Health Organization and all generally appear to be comparable in antibody- replacement therapy, although some differences have been reported (12,13). The various products do differ with regard to whether they need to be rehydrated from the lyophilized form and their approved indications. Regarding the latter, however, it is presumed that all preparations are equally effective. Only one product (Gammagard®, Hyland Division, Baxter Health Care Corp., Glendale, CA) is not contraindicated for selective IgA deficiency, as it contains only trace amounts of IgA. It is comforting to note that the commercially available IVIG products have been shown to not transmit viral diseases (14, 15, 16). Interest in the therapeutic application of IVIG to a variety of diseases led to a recent National Institutes of Health Consensus Conference (17).
Which Lymphoid Cells Express MHC Class II Antigens; Are TCRs Encoded within the MHC?

The report by Sachs and Cone ([1][1]) is an important historical paper because it correctly demonstrated that serologically detected class II MHC Ags are expressed on B cells and not T cells. The paper came at an incredibly exciting time in science, because the gene products encoded within a central
Endodermal cysts of the posterior fossa : Report of three cases and review of the literature

The pathogenesis of endodermal cysts of the posterior fossa is still incompletely understood. The authors reviewed three new cases and those reported in the literature to clarify the clinical, pathological, radiological, and surgical characteristics of these lesions. A total of 49 cases were reviewed. Details on demographic profiles, clinical characteristics, histopathological and radiological features, and surgical methods were collected. These cysts have a predominance in male patients (61%) and can occur at any age (birth-77 years). In patients with posterior fossa endodermal cysts there is a bimodal age distribution and headache is the most frequent complaint. On immunohistopathological examination, endodermal cysts were reactive for epithelial membrane antigen and for keratin immunostains whenever the latter were tested. The cysts were reactive for carcinoembryonic antigen in nine of 11 cases. Endodermal cysts were located anterior to the brainstem in 51% of cases and in the fourth ventricle in 21% of cases. They frequently appeared hypodense on computerized tomography scans, and in five cases, the lesion was missed. The cyst's appearance on magnetic resonance imaging is variable. Resection was complete in 19 cases and partial in 11; marsupialization was achieved in two cases. Three recurrences have been reported. Total excision with preservation of neurological function should be the goal. Cranial base approaches are helpful for surgical access in selected examples of these lesions.
Improving Company Production: The Role of Organizational Incentives in Enhancing Employee Discretionary Effort

The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between organizational incentives and employee discretionary effort. To examine this relationship data collected from 753 individual employees from 2003-2004 composing the Professional Worker Career Experience Survey, (PWCES) United States, was analyzed through a linear regression test. Results indicate a significant positive relationship between organizational incentives and employee discretionary effort. When organizational incentives increase, so does employee discretionary effort. The results of this study suggest that as businesses increase employee incentives, employee proactivity and satisfaction will increase. An increase in employee satisfaction results in increased employee productivity and company profitability. Possible limitations and future research on the measurement and study of discretionary effort are reviewed.
Long-distance cis and trans interactions mediate paramutation.

This chapter focuses on the paramutation at two maize loci, b1 and p1. The chapter describes the recent experiments that have identified cis-acting regions required for paramutation at these two loci and compares the similarities and differences in the results. A model for the mechanism of paramutation is presented that incorporates these recent findings and discusses the possible functions for paramutation. Paramutation-like interactions can occur between two homologous transgenes, or a transgene and a homologous endogenous gene. At b1 , paramutation is fully penetrant and the resulting B ’ alleles are extremely stable, independent of how the alleles are maintained (homozygous or heterozygous with B-I or neutral alleles). Similar to the b1 paramutation, the paramutable P1-rr (red pericarp and red cob) allele can change spontaneously to a lower expression state, P1-pr (patterned pericarp and red cob). Models that attempt to explain paramutation must account for various features. Certain enhancer sequences are associated with the sequences required for paramutation in two different genes. The high-expressing alleles can be silenced spontaneously.
Why Did Trust Law Become Statute Law in the United States

The Uniform Trust Code, the first national-level codification of the American law of trusts, was promulgated in 2000. The Code was the product of a five-year Uniform Law Commission drafting process that entailed extensive consultation with the trust and estates bar and the trust banking industry. The Code is being widely enacted. Eighteen states and the District of Columbia have thus far adopted it, and many others are likely to follow. Alabama's enactment comes into effect in 2007. For the future, trust law in Alabama and the other Code states will be prevailingly statute law, although the principles developed in prior case law will continue to inform the interpretation and application of the Code. In one sense, the Code marks a great departure by codifying a previously uncodified field. In another sense, however, the Code is simply the latest step in a trend toward statutory intervention in American trust law that has been underway for decades. If we focus on the Uniform Laws, and I shall have more to say about why uniform legislation has so characterized the trust field, we can identify a steady progression of enactments from the 1930s onward.
Anaphylactoid Reaction With Suramin

Suramin, a drug used to treat parasitic diseases, is currently being investigated as a treatment for metastatic prostate cancer. A 73-year-old man had an anaphylactoid reaction following the first dose of suramin. It was treated successfully with epinephrine, diphenhydramine, and hydrocortisone. Investigators should be aware of the possibility of such a reaction with parenteral administration of this drug.