cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deconstructing thermodynamic parameters of a coupled system from site-specific observables.

Cooperative interactions mediate information transfer between structural domains of a protein molecule and are major determinants of protein function and modulation. The prevalent theories to understand the thermodynamic origins of cooperativity have been developed to reproduce the complex behavior of a global thermodynamic observable such as ligand binding or enzyme activity. However, in most cases the measurement of a single global observable cannot uniquely define all the terms that fully describe the energetics of the system. Here we establish a theoretical groundwork for analyzing protein thermodynamics using site-specific information. Our treatment involves extracting a site-specific parameter (defined as χ value) associated with a structural unit. We demonstrate that, under limiting conditions, the χ value is related to the direct interaction terms associated with the structural unit under observation and its intrinsic activation energy. We also introduce a site-specific interaction energy term (χdiff) that is a function of the direct interaction energy of that site with every other site in the system. When combined with site-directed mutagenesis and other molecular level perturbations, analyses of χ values of site-specific observables may provide valuable insights into protein thermodynamics and structure.
nanos and pumilio Are Essential for Dendrite Morphogenesis in Drosophila Peripheral Neurons

Much attention has focused on dendritic translational regulation of neuronal signaling and plasticity [1, 2]. For example, long-term memory in adult Drosophila requires Pumilio (Pum) [3], an RNA binding protein that interacts with the RNA binding protein Nanos (Nos) to form a localized translation repression complex essential for anterior-posterior body patterning in early embryogenesis [4]. Whether dendrite morphogenesis requires similar translational regulation is unknown. Here we report that nos and pum control the elaboration of high-order dendritic branches of class III and IV, but not class I and II, dendritic arborization (da) neurons. Analogous to their function in body patterning, nos and pum require each other to control dendrite morphogenesis, a process likely to involve translational regulation of nos itself. The control of dendrite morphogenesis by Nos/Pum, however, does not require hunchback, which is essential for body patterning. Interestingly, Nos protein is localized to RNA granules in the dendrites of da neurons, raising the possibility that the Nos/Pum translation repression complex operates in dendrites. This work serves as an entry point for future studies of dendritic translational control of dendrite morphogenesis.
On the Relationship of the Criticism of Ethnographic Writing and the Cultural Studies of Science

In the wake of the Sokol Affair, there has been a halt to discussion of the broad implications of cultural studies of science. Here these implications are considered in relationship to the critique of ethnographic writing. In treating the latter as part of the cultural studies of science, the author aims to link the critique of ethnographic writing and the cultural studies of science to changes in technology, especially the development of teletechnology. She also hopes to show that both the critique of ethnographic writing and the cultural studies of science have ontological implications fitting the age of teletechnology.
Training healthcare providers in patient–provider communication: What speech-language pathology and medical education can learn from one another

Background: While the field of speech-language pathology and medical education both provide training to improve the abilities of their students to communicate with patients, these fields rarely interact or collaborate with one another to maximise the effectiveness of this training. With a recent emphasis on the communication needs of patients with aphasia and other communication disorders in healthcare, and barriers these patients often face in accessing healthcare services, it has become increasingly important to review current research regarding patient–provider communication training, as well as what speech-language pathology and medical education can learn from one another in this area. Aims: The purpose of this literature review was (1) to examine the impact of communication disorders on patient–provider communication, (2) to identify gaps in current patient–provider communication training in medical education that speech-language pathology can help fill, and (3) to highlight innovations in medical e...
Endothelial cell hypoxia associated proteins are cell and stress specific

Vascular endothelial cells (EC) are one of the initial cells exposed to decreases in blood oxygen tension. Bovine EC respond not only by altering secretion of vasoactive, mitogenic, and thrombogenic substances, but also by developing adaptive mechanisms in order to survive acute and chronic hypoxic exposures. EC exposed to hypoxia in vitro upregulate a unique set of stress proteins of Mr 34, 36, 39, 47, and 56 kD. Previous studies have shown that these proteins are cell associated, upregulated in a time and oxygen-concentration dependent manner, and are distinct from heat shock (HSPs) and glucose-regulated proteins (GRPs). To further characterize these hypoxia-associated proteins (HAPs), we investigated their upregulation in human EC from various vascular beds and compared this to possible HAP upregulation in other cell types. Human aortic, pulmonary artery, and microvascular EC upregulated the same set of proteins in response to hypoxia. In comparison, neither lung fibroblasts, pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, pulmonary alveolar type II cells, nor renal tubular epithelial cells upregulated proteins of these Mr. Instead, most of these cell types induced synthesis of proteins of Mrs corresponding to either HSPs, GRPs, or both. Further studies demonstrated that exposure of EC to related stresses such as cyanide, 2-deoxyglucose, hydrogen peroxide, dithiothreitol, and glucose deprivation did not cause upregulation of HAPs. Evaluation of cellular damage during hypoxia using phase-contrast microscopy, trypan blue exclusion, chromium release, and adherent cell counts showed that EC survived longer with less damage than any of the above cell types. The induction of HAPs, and the lack of induction of HSPs or GRPs, by EC in response to hypoxia may be related to their unique ability to tolerate hypoxia for prolonged periods. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Expanding the care continuum for HIV/AIDS: bringing carers into focus

This review explores the specific issues that cluster around the provision of ‘care’ in the context of the global HIV/AIDS pandemic. We argue that the economic concept of the ‘care economy’ provides a useful lens through which to view the HIV/AIDS pandemic, as it illuminates the increased labour, time and other demands placed upon households and shows that the assumptions on which norms and expectations of care provision are based are increasingly being challenged. While some strides are being made in policy and programming around HIV and AIDS-related care, much more needs to be known and done to enable individuals, families and households to survive in a world shaken by AIDS. Care, we argue, provides fundamental public goods. A strategy of simply downloading responsibility for care onto women, families and communities can no longer be a viable, appropriate or sustainable response. And this is no less true in this current era of expanding treatment options for people living with HIV and AIDS. Our analysis suggests that there are two distinct but inter-related areas for policy intervention and development. The first concerns international health policy and we argue that the international ‘care agenda’ needs to incorporate an understanding of the care economy into its frameworks and strategies for action, giving particular focus to the caregiver. The second area encompasses a broad national healthcare policy agenda, where a range of public, private and non-governmental sector actors come together with common purpose to ensure that households affected by HIV and AIDS are protected and enabled to survive.
Power-Aware Multiband–Multistandard CMOS Receiver System-Level Budgeting

A systematic system-level design methodology for multiband-multistandard (MB-MS) wideband/reconfigurable CMOS receivers is presented. The methodology determines the specifications (noise figure (NF) and linearity) for each building block to minimize the overall power consumption. System-level simulations show that the gain variation of the LNA for various bands/standards is an important factor in minimizing the power consumption for any MB-MS receiver. Analytical expressions for the optimum gain variation of the LNA, NF, and input-referred third-order intercept point of each building block are presented. The design methodology is applied to a wideband receiver covering Global Systems for Mobile Communications (GSM) 900- and 1900-MHz bands, Global Positioning Systems (GPS), and wideband code-division multiple-access (WCDMA) standards. As an example, the estimated power consumption is reduced by 40% when compared with the approach where the gain of the LNA is constant.
A 64 mW High Picture Quality H.264/MPEG-4 Video Codec IP for HD Mobile Applications in 90 nm CMOS

We have developed an H.264/MPEG-4 dual video codec IP for mobile applications such as digital still cameras (DSCs), digital video cameras (DVCs), and mobile phones. The codec is capable of encoding and decoding HD-sized moving pictures (1280 pixels by 720 lines at 30 fps) in real-time at an operating frequency of 144 MHz, and SD-sized pictures at 54 MHz. We have implemented our original architecture based on a macroblock-level pipeline method and encoding algorithms suitable for the architecture in the codec, which enable low power of 64 mW for HD encoding with high picture quality equivalent to that of the H.264 reference encoder ldquoJM (Joint Model)rdquo.
Host-Species Transferrin Receptor 1 Orthologs are Cellular Receptors for Nonpathogenic New World Clade B Arenaviruses

The ability of a New World (NW) clade B arenavirus to enter cells using human transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) strictly correlates with its ability to cause hemorrhagic fever. Amapari (AMAV) and Tacaribe (TCRV), two nonpathogenic NW clade B arenaviruses that do not use human TfR1, are closely related to the NW arenaviruses that cause hemorrhagic fevers. Here we show that pseudotyped viruses bearing the surface glycoprotein (GP) of AMAV or TCRV can infect cells using the TfR1 orthologs of several mammalian species, including those of their respective natural hosts, the small rodent Neacomys spinosus and the fruit bat Artibeus jamaicensis. Mutation of one residue in human TfR1 makes it a functional receptor for TCRV, and mutation of four residues makes it a functional receptor for AMAV. Our data support an in vivo role for TfR1 in the replication of most, if not all, NW clade B arenaviruses, and suggest that with modest changes in their GPs the nonpathogenic arenaviruses could use human TfR1 and emerge as human pathogens.
Relaxin and Other Luteal Secretory Peptides: Cell Localization and Function in the Ovary

The corpus luteum (CL) plays a critical role in reproductive processes of all mammals. Its secretory products amplify fertility by a) providing a uterine environment for implantation, b) maintaining pregnancy if implantation occurs, c) enhancing nontraumatic fetal delivery, and d) assuring a new opportunity for pregnancy should there be a failed pregnancy. This is accomplished by initiating regression of the CL for subsequent development of a new follicle for ovulation.
Analysing panel count data with informative observation times

In this paper, we study panel count data with informative observation times. We assume nonparametric and semiparametric proportional rate models for the underlying event process, where the form of the baseline rate function is left unspecified and a subject-specific frailty variable inflates or deflates the rate function multiplicatively. The proposed models allow the event processes and observation times to be correlated through their connections with the unobserved frailty; moreover, the distributions of both the frailty variable and observation times are considered as nuisance parameters. The baseline rate function and the regression parameters are estimated by maximising a conditional likelihood function of observed event counts and solving estimation equations. Large-sample properties of the proposed estimators are studied. Numerical studies demonstrate that the proposed estimation procedures perform well for moderate sample sizes. An application to a bladder tumour study is presented.
Programming Distributed Memory Sytems Using OpenMP

OpenMP has emerged as an important model and language extension for shared-memory parallel programming. On shared-memory platforms, OpenMP offers an intuitive, incremental approach to parallel programming. In this paper, we present techniques that extend the ease of shared-memory parallel programming in OpenMP to distributed-memory platforms as well. First, we describe a combined compile-time/runtime system that uses an underlying software distributed shared memory system and exploits repetitive data access behavior in both regular and irregular program sections. We present a compiler algorithm to detect such repetitive data references and an API to an underlying software distributed shared memory system to orchestrate the learning and proactive reuse of communication patterns. Second, we introduce a direct translation of standard OpenMP into MPI message-passing programs for execution on distributed memory systems. We present key concepts and describe techniques to analyze and efficiently handle both regular and irregular accesses to shared data. Finally, we evaluate the performance achieved by our approaches on representative OpenMP applications.
Wireless sensor networks: application driver for low power distributed systems

Summary form only given. Wireless sensor networks allow deployment of sensing elements close to the phenomena of interest. Sensing close to the signal generation point should lead to improved SNR in general, and enable detection in otherwise obstructed environments. This fundamental benefit of local sensing, combined with the decreasing cost and increasing availability of low cost microsensors/actuators and processors, suggests that effective systems will exploit densely distributed elements. However, dense sensing capability is only scalable if the elements are networked to support collaborative processing near the sensory inputs. Therefore, in many contexts low-power wireless communication is a critical enabler of these systems because it overcomes the logistical infeasibility of deploying wires in remote, dynamic, and mobile-node, contexts. The spatially dense and temporally continuous monitoring capabilities of wireless sensor networks will transform the way in which we understand and interact with the physical world: e.g., contaminant flow monitoring in soil, air, and water; precision agriculture; transportation and traffic management; and remote-habitat monitoring for biocomplexity studies. However, in order for wireless sensor networks to effectively provide dense and continuous monitoring/data collection, they must be able to operate unattended for long periods of time. Long lifetime obviously requires that the individual components be low-power. However, component-level efficiency is not sufficient; the distributed sensor network as a whole must be designed with energy-efficiency as a primary constraint. This paper will elaborate on these issues and will also argue for focused collaboration between the low-power design communities and the systems community to enable larger scale experimental efforts.
Management of the middle turbinate during functional endoscopic sinus surgery

Controversy continues to surround the topic of middle turbinate resection (MTR) during endoscopic sinus surgery. Proponents of MTR cite lower incidences of synechiae formation and lateralization of the middle turbinate, as well as improved intraoperative and postoperative access to the middle meatus. Potential complications, such as alterations of nasal function, atrophic rhinitis, hyposmia, and secondary frontal sinusitis caused by MTR, have been addressed in the recent literature. Yet, despite the proven safety of this procedure, routine MTR is not advocated by most sinus surgeons. Our approach has been to perform partial MTR in cases of a diseased, destabilized, or obstructing middle turbinate. More recently, we have employed a technique for medialization of the middle turbinate or middle turbinate remnant using an absorbable transseptal suture. The stitch is placed through both middle turbinates and the nasal septum, holding the turbinates in a medial position. We have used this procedure in 75 patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery at New York University Medical Center between July 1998 and July 2000. There have been no complications associated with placement of the suture and no cases of middle turbinate lateralization or significant synechiae formation. This technique represents an alternative to MTR in the management of the middle turbinate during endoscopic sinus surgery and may also be used to prevent lateralization of a middle turbinate remnant in cases of partial MTR.
Early yielding and stress recovery in (111) and (100) texture components in Cu thin films determined using synchrotron x-ray diffraction

Synchrotron x-ray diffraction experiments were used to study the thermomechanical behavior of individual texture components in passivated Cu thin films. Films were deposited to a thickness of 500 nm on SiN x barrier layers on Si substrates and then passivated with SiN x . The films were highly textured with grains having (111) or (100) planes parallel to the plane of the film. In-plane film stresses were determined separately in the two texture components as a function of temperature during thermal cycles and also during isothermal holds at 140°C. The results are compared to models of yield behavior and anelastic recovery.
Effect of a Low-Fat Fish Oil Diet on Proinflammatory Eicosanoids and Cell-Cycle Progression Score in Men Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy

We previously reported that a 4- to 6-week low-fat fish oil (LFFO) diet did not affect serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 levels (primary outcome) but resulted in lower omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratios in prostate tissue and lower prostate cancer proliferation (Ki67) as compared with a Western diet. In this post hoc analysis, the effect of the LFFO intervention on serum pro-inflammatory eicosanoids, leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and 15-S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid [15(S)-HETE], and the cell-cycle progression (CCP) score were investigated. Serum fatty acids and eicosanoids were measured by gas chromatography and ELISA. CCP score was determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). Associations between serum eicosanoids, Ki67, and CCP score were evaluated using partial correlation analyses. BLT1 (LTB4 receptor) expression was determined in prostate cancer cell lines and prostatectomy specimens. Serum omega-6 fatty acids and 15(S)-HETE levels were significantly reduced, and serum omega-3 levels were increased in the LFFO group relative to the Western diet group, whereas there was no change in LTB4 levels. The CCP score was significantly lower in the LFFO compared with the Western diet group. The 15(S)-HETE change correlated with tissue Ki67 (R = 0.48; P < 0.01) but not with CCP score. The LTB4 change correlated with the CCP score (r = 0.4; P = 0.02) but not with Ki67. The LTB4 receptor BLT1 was detected in prostate cancer cell lines and human prostate cancer specimens. In conclusion, an LFFO diet resulted in decreased 15(S)-HETE levels and lower CCP score relative to a Western diet. Further studies are warranted to determine whether the LFFO diet antiproliferative effects are mediated through the LTB4/BLT1 and 15(S)-HETE pathways.
U4B snRNA gene enhancer activity requires functional octamer and SPH motifs

Abstract Expression of the chicken U4B small nuclear RNA (snRNA) gene is stimulated by a transcriptional enhancer located approximately 190-227 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site. This enhancer is composed of at least two functional motifs: an octamer (binding site for Oct-1) and an SPH motif. We now report that these two motifs functionally cooperate to stimulate U4B snRNA gene expression, and both are required for the formation of a stable transcription complex. Expression in frog oocytes of 24 different point mutant constructions indicates that the functional SPH motif is at least 15 base pairs in length. It is a recognition site for a sequence specific DNA-binding protein, termed SBF, purified from chicken embryonic nuclear extracts. The ability of the mutant SPH motif constructions to be recognized by SBF in vitro correlates with their transcriptional activities, suggesting that SBF mediates the stimulatory effect of the U4B SPH motif. These results are similar to our recent findings on the chicken U1 gene enhancer, which also contains adjacent binding sites for Oct-1 and SBF. These studies, together with evolutionary considerations and sequence comparisons among snRNA gene enhancers, suggest that cooperativity between octamer and SPH motifs could be a widely-employed mechanism for generating vertebrate snRNA gene enhancer activity.
Rapid coating of Ti6Al4V at room temperature with a calcium phosphate solution similar to 10× simulated body fluid

In this paper, we report the utilization of high ionic strength (>1100 mM) calcium phosphate solutions in depositing 20–65-μm-thick, bonelike apatitic calcium phosphate on Ti6Al4V within 2–6 h, at room temperature. The super-strength solution used here multiplied the concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions in human plasma or simulated body fluid (SBF) by a factor of ten. The interesting features of the technique are given in the following. First, the solutions did not contain any buffering agents, such as Tris or Hepes. Second, during the process, homogeneous formation of calcium phosphate nano-clusters took place. However, their presence did not adversely affect the coating process. Third, other than simple surface treatments to begin with, no other additional intermediate steps were necessary. The only step needed after the preparation of the solution from reagents is the addition of proper amounts of NaHCO3 to raise the pH to 6.5 prior to the coating procedure. Fourth, there is no CO2 bubbling required, and hence, this is a robust process. Fifth, such a procedure led to a significant enhancement of coating rate enabling the formation in as little as 2–6 h. Coating proceeded with a linear rate. Sixth, the adhesion strength (12 ± 2 MPa) of the present coatings was comparable to coatings produced by soaking in 1.5× SBF solutions over a prolonged period of time, typically two to three weeks. Finally, the carbonate content (8 wt%) and Ca/P molar ratio (1.57) qualify the coating as bonelike.
Actinide complexes with the Kläui tripodal oxygen ligand – crystal structure of [{η4-C5H5(CH2C(CH3)3)}Co{P(O)(OC2H5)2}3]2U

Abstract Reaction between [(C5H5)Co{P(O)(OEt)2}3]2UCl2 and neopentyl lithium affords the novel complex, [{η4-C5H5(CH2C(CH3)3)}Co{P(O)(OEt)2}3]2U, in which the uranium metal center has been dehalogenated and the neopentyl nucleophiles have attacked the cyclopentadienyl groups on the Klaui ([(C5H5)Co{P(O)(OEt)2}3]−) ligands. The uranium atom in the title compound possesses octahedral geometry defined by the oxygen atoms from two sets of tripodal oxygen ligands, while the cyclopentadienyl ligands are bound η4 to the cobalt atoms. The formation of this complex suggests that the Klaui ligand may not be a suitable ligand framework for supporting organometallic complexes of oxophilic early actinides.
My Cache or Yours? Making Storage More Exclusive

Modern high-end disk arrays often have several gigabytes of cache RAM. Unfortunately, most array caches use management policies which duplicate the same data blocks at both the client and array levels of the cache hierarchy: they are inclusive. Thus, the aggregate cache behaves as if it was only as big as the larger of the client and array caches, instead of as large as the sum of the two. Inclusiveness is wasteful: cache RAM is expensive. We explore the benefits of a simple scheme to achieve exclusive caching, in which a data block is cached at either a client or the disk array, but not both. Exclusiveness helps to create the effect of a single, large unified cache. We introduce a DEMOTE operation to transfer data ejected from the client to the array, and explore its effectiveness with simulation studies. We quantify the benefits and overheads of demotions across both synthetic and real-life workloads. The results show that we can obtain useful—sometimes substantial—speedups. During our investigation, we also developed some new cache-insertion algorithms that show promise for multiclient systems, and report on some of their properties.
Adaptive iterative detection for turbo codes with carrier-phase uncertainty

In this paper, the problem of adaptive iterative detection for parallel concatenated convolutional codes (PCCCs or turbo codes) in the presence of carrier-phase uncertainty is examined. In particular, a subclass of adaptive iterative receivers, based on the adaptive soft-input soft-output (A-SISO) algorithms is presented. Several design options are proposed and compared and the impact of parametric uncertainty on previously established results for iterative detection with perfect channel state information (CSI) is assessed.
Verbosity and Projective Test Performance in the Aged.

Using normative data collected by Hayslip (1980) where form A of the Holtzman Inkblot Technique (HIT) was administered to 102 elderly adults, aged 59-94, correlational and factor analyses were carried out in order to investigate the extent to which response length (RL), as previously identified in HIT research with younger age samples, influences HIT scores. RL correlated significantly with HIT scores for 14 of 22 variables and loaded on two factors: A bodily integrity/vulnerability factor, and a cognitive problem-solving factor. While no differences in RL across sex and level of education were obtained, within-sample age effects (in favor of the younger) for RL were found. Implications of these data for the projective assessment of older persons were discussed.
Depression, Control, and Counterfactual Thinking: Functional for Whom?

Abstract The present study examined relationships among counterfactual thinking, perceived control, and depressive symptoms. Undergraduate participants, grouped according to nondepressed, mild-to-moderately depressed, and severely depressed symptom categories, described potentially repeatable negative academic events and then made upward counterfactuals about those events. Whereas participants endorsing mild-to-moderate depressive symptom levels generated more counterfactuals about controllable than uncontrollable aspects of the events they described, participants endorsing severe levels of depressive symptoms generated counterfactuals that were less controllable, less reasonable, and more characterological in nature. Furthermore, controllable (relative to uncontrollable) counterfactual thinking enhanced retrospective control perceptions for less depressed participants, but depleted control perceptions for more depressed participants. Discussion focuses on the possibility that whereas controllable counter...
Transporting Cognitive Behavior Interventions to the School Setting

Today’s children and adolescents face many challenges: increasing educational demands (Shepard & Smith, 1988), rising rates of divorce (Heckel, Clarke, Barry, McCarthy, & Selikowitz, 2009), media exposure to messages of violence and terrorism (Comer & Kendall, 2007), and other psychosocial stressors. These contribute to youth’s vulnerability to a wide range of associated mental-health difficulties, and, indeed, youth psychopathology prevalence rates have been found to range from 1 to 51 %, with the most reliable estimates suggesting that between 12 and 20 % of youth struggle with clinical-level symptoms of disorder at any given time (Costello, Egger, & Angold, 2005; Roberts, Attkisson, & Rosenblatt, 1998). Such figures are generally consistent with estimates made by the United States Congress, suggesting that between 5.6 million and 6.8 million (18–22 %) youth are in need of mental-health services (U.S. Public Health Service, 2000).
Crane Workspace Mapping Using QR Codes

This paper presents a novel approach of mapping a crane workspace using a combination of QR code-based and image-segmentation-based mapping algorithms. Known objects in the workspace are labeled with a QR code, and a database contains the information of the objects. A camera mounted on the crane trolley takes pictures as the crane moves through the workspace. The images are then used to produce an image-segmentation-based map of the workspace. To produce the QR code-based map, the QR codes in the images taken with the camera are decoded, and the information of the corresponding objects are read from the database file. The object position and orientation are calculated from the position and orientation of the QR codes, and the map is drawn. Results showed that the mapping algorithms are more reliable together than they are individually.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Differential ablator-fuel adiabat tuning in indirect-drive implosions.

We propose a design adjustment to the high foot laser pulse [T. R. Dittrich et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 055002 (2014)] that is predicted to lower the fuel adiabat, increase compression and neutron production, but maintain similar ablation front growth. This is accomplished by lowering the laser power between the first and the second pulses (the ``trough'') so that the first shock remains strong initially but decays as it transits the ablator and enters the capsule fuel in a process similar to direct-drive ``adiabat shaping'' [S. E. Bodner et al., Phys. Plasmas 7, 2298 (2000)]. Integrated hohlraum simulations show that hohlraum cooling is sufficient to launch decaying shocks with adequate symmetry control, suggesting that adiabat shaping may be possible with indirect-drive implosions. Initial experiments show the efficacy of this technique.
Biological method for determination of glucocorticoid activity of crystalline compounds and urine extracts.

SummaryA practical bioassay technic for glucocorticoids is proposed, using the adrenal-ectomized, 21-day-old male rat as test animal. The method offers the accuracy and precision shown by the use of the young adult rat, and the sensitivity and economy observed in methods using the laboratory mouse. Dose-response curves have been established for cortisone and for the assay of urine extracts. The regression lines for the two substances are parallel, indicating the method is valid for measurement of glucocorticoid excretion. It is suggested that this bioassay method may serve as a valuable adjunct to the chemical methods for the assay of urinary corticoids.
Characterization of the Statistical Signatures of Micro-Movements Underlying Natural Gait Patterns in Children with Phelan McDermid Syndrome: Towards Precision-Phenotyping of Behavior in ASD

Background: There is a critical need for precision phenotyping across neurodevelopmental disorders, especially in individuals who receive a clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Phelan-McDermid deletion syndrome (PMS) is one such example, as it has a high penetrance of ASD. At present, no biometric characterization of the behavioral phenotype within PMS exists. Methods: We introduce a data-type and statistical framework that permits the personalized profiling of naturalistic behaviors. Walking patterns were assessed in 30 participants (16 PMS, 3 idiopathic-ASD and 11 age- and sex-matched controls). Each individual’s micro-movement signatures were recorded at 240Hz. We empirically estimated the parameters of the continuous Gamma family of probability distributions and calculated their ranges. These estimated stochastic signatures were then mapped on the Gamma plane to obtain several statistical indexes for each child. To help visualize complex patterns across the cohort, we introduce new tools that enable the assessment of connectivity and modularity indexes across the peripheral network of rotational joints. Results: Typical walking signatures are absent in all children with PMS as well as in the children with idiopathic-ASD (iASD). Underlying these patterns are atypical leg rotational acceleration signatures that render participants with PMS unstable with rotations that are much faster than controls. The median values of the estimated Gamma parameters serve as a cutoff to automatically separate children with PMS 5-7 years old from adolescents with PMS 12-16 years old, the former displaying more randomness and larger noise. The fluctuations in the arm’s motions during the walking also have atypical statistics that separate males from females in PMS and show higher rates of noise accumulation in idiopathic ASD (iASD) children. Despite high heterogeneity, all iASD children have excess noise, a narrow range of probability-distribution shapes across the body joints and a distinct joint network connectivity pattern. Both PMS and iASD have systemic issues with noise in micro-motions across the body with specific signatures for each child that, as a cohort, selectively deviates from controls. Conclusions: We provide a new methodology for precision behavioral phenotyping with the potential to use micro-movement output noise as a natural classifier of neurodevelopmental disorders.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle on Potato, 2015

Testing new chemistries and monitoring the efficacy of existing compounds is extremely important because the CPB has the ability to build up resistance to chemicals. The experiments were conducted at Presque Isle, ME in 2015. Experiments 1 and 2 were replicated four times, and Experiment 3 was replicated three times. The experimental design was randomized complete block, with plots being four rows wide (12 ft) and 50 ft long. A 10 ft space was left fallow between blocks and a 6 ft space was left fallow between the plots within the blocks. The crop was planted between 20 and 27 May using machine cut ‘Katahdin’ potato seed. A John Deere 216 two row potato planter was used to make open furrows applying 1,100 pounds of 14-14-14 fertilizer per acre. The seed was hand placed at 12 inch …
Electron Tomography of Mitochondrial Nanotunnels in a CPVT Model with RyR2 Loss-of-Function Mutation

The RyR2A4860G mutation, associated with CPVT (Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia) causes an initial reduction of SR Ca2+ release due to lower RyR2 activity, linked to random bursts due to SR Ca2+ overload. Ultrastructural analysis reveals an unusual mitochondria response: the extrusion of extended nanotubular extensions (nanotunneling) (Biophysical Journal 01/2015; 108(2):132a) at a frequency 3 fold greater than in WT myocardium. This may indicate an enhanced rate of long range intermitochondrial signal transfer and offers an opportunity for further exploring mitochondrial dynamics. Three dimensional tomograms were built from thick sections (0.4 µm) of rapidly frozen RyR2A4860G+/- cardiac muscle tilted +/- 60 degree and imaged in STEM mode. 3D EM images demonstrated that the nanotunnels are part of an extensive mitochondrial network. Tomograms and immunostaining of microtubules and mitochondria, show direct proximity between the two organelles, suggesting the involvement of microtubules in mitochondria dynamics. However, no major rearrangement of microtubule architecture in heterozygotes compared to the WT is observed using confocal imaging. The mutated myocardium shows a two fold increase in small mitochondria profiles in thin section. The tomograms directly show that the small profiles are simply sections through nanotunnels, so that an increase in mitochondria fission does not need to be invoked. This is different from what is observed in heart failure. Supported by NIH 2PO1 AR052354 (P.D. Allen PI; CFA Core D).
Subcutaneous Reconstruction Without Acellular Dermal Matrix

The subpectoral method of expander/implant-based reconstruction after nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is the most commonly practiced method of breast reconstruction. Latest reports of direct implant-based subcutaneous breast reconstruction with acellular dermal matrix or synthetic mesh have shown the suprapectoral approach to have distinct advantages related to breast shape and ease of reconstruction. We have used the subcutaneous method of expander/implant reconstruction without acellular dermal matrix for more than 10 years with results comparable to other methods. Here we present our experience with the suprapectoral staged technique of breast reconstruction and contrast it to submuscular reconstruction with acellular dermal matrix.
Resuscitation Decisions of Extremely Premature Infants at the Limits of Viability: Defining Best Interests

A comprehensive analysis of this case must examine the roles and obligations of both the pregnant woman and the medical team. Once the ethics consultant has clarified the infant's prognosis, he or ...
Measuring Clinician–Client Relationships in Speech-Language Treatment for School-Age Children

Purpose Clinician–client relationships may influence treatment success in speech-language pathology, but there are no established tools for measuring these relationships. This study describes the d...
Human-Machine Interface for a Model-Based Experimental Telerobotics System

Abstract A Human-Machine Interface (HMI) has been developed for a model-based experimental telerobotics (TR) system. Interaction between the human operator (HO) and the remote robots is facilitated through a shared model of the TeleRobotic Working Environment (TRWE). Using virtual environment technologies, the HO commands simulated robots, appropriately represented with highfidelity computer graphics, to define a sequence of goal positions for the actual robots. Primary issues related to the HMI are the flexibility of the model in assisting the HO and the communication of information between the cognitive model of the HO and the varied forms of the computer model.
From Couple Therapy 1.0 to a Comprehensive Model: A Roadmap for Sequencing and Integrating Systemic, Psychodynamic, and Behavioral Approaches in Couple Therapy.

Couple therapy is a complex undertaking that proceeds best by integrating various schools of thought. Grounded in an in-depth review of the clinical and research literature, and drawing on the author's 40-plus years of experience, this paper presents a comprehensive, flexible, and user-friendly roadmap for conducting couple therapy. It begins by describing “Couple Therapy 1.0,” the basic conjoint couple therapy format in which partners talk to each other with the help of the therapist. After noting the limitations of this model, the paper introduces upgrades derived from systemic, psychodynamic, and behavioral/educational approaches, and shows how to combine and sequence them. The most important upgrade is the early focus on the couple's negative interaction cycle, which causes them pain and impedes their ability to address it. Using a clinical case example, the paper shows how all three approaches can improve couple process as a prerequisite for better problem solving. Additional modules and sequencing choice points are also discussed, including discernment counseling and encouraging positive couple experiences.
EHDC: An Energy Harvesting Modeling and Profiling Platform for Body Sensor Networks

Energy harvesting is a promising solution to the limited battery lifetimes of body sensor nodes. Self-powered sensor systems capable of quasi-perpetual operation enable the possibility of truly continuous monitoring of patients beyond the clinic. However, the discontinuous and dynamic characteristics of harvesting in real-world scenarios—and their implications for the design and operation of self-powered systems—are not yet well understood. This paper presents a mobile energy harvesting and data collection (EHDC) platform designed to provide a deeper understanding of energy harvesting dynamics. The EHDC platform monitors and records the instantaneous usable power generated by body-worn harvesters, while also collecting human activity and environmental data to provide a comprehensive real-world evaluation of two energy harvesting modalities common to body sensor networks: solar and thermoelectric. The platform was initially validated with benchtop tests and later with real-world deployments on two subjects. 7-h-long multimodal energy harvesting profiles were generated, and the environmental and behavioral data were used to expand upon previously developed Kalman filter based mathematical models for energy harvesting prediction. Results confirm the validity of the EHDC platform and harvesting models, establishing the potential for longer term monitoring of energy harvesting characteristics; thus, informing the design and operation of self-powered body sensor networks.
Sex-specific factors regulating pressure and flow.

New Findings What is the topic of this review? There are sex- and sex-hormone-specific differences in autonomic control of blood pressure, central haemodynamics and cerebral blood flow. What advances does it highlight? Sex differences in autonomic control of blood pressure may underlie other sex-specific characteristics associated with cerebral blood flow, which can, in turn, affect tissue function. Over the last decade, there have been many published reports on sex differences in blood pressure regulation between young men and young women. The autonomic nervous system is a primary contributor to both acute and long-term blood pressure regulation. Sex differences in blood pressure regulation are likely to have effects that extend beyond mean arterial pressure and that can affect blood flow and tissue function. This short review includes recent literature from our laboratory focusing on autonomic control of the circulation, specifically age- and sex-hormone-related differences in central haemodynamics and cerebral blood flow, and discusses potential clinical implications.
African Immigrants, the “New Model Minority”: Examining the Reality in U.S. k-12 Schools

African immigrants in the U.S. have been headlined as America’s “new model minority.” The purpose of this paper is to examine if evidence exists to support the claim of African immigrant students’ (AIS) educational achievement and excellence (a core indicator of the “model minority” theory) in U.S. k-12 schools. Using a multiple methodological research approach and analysis, the study examines whether aggregated and disaggregated data exist to verify AIS’ superior academic achievement in U.S. k-12 schools. The study reveals a lack of data to substantiate the claim. Instead, the study reveals a paucity of research on AIS’ academic performance and achievement in k-12 schools, as well as academic underperformance and underachievement, and the challenges that exist. The notion of a “model minority” attributed to African immigrants is disingenuous and a disservice to AIS in U.S. k-12 schools. The paper discusses significant implications and recommendations for policy and practice that include overhauling the data collection and reporting system, data disaggregation for AIS, debunking the African immigrant “model minority” ascription, preparing culturally responsive and globally competent teachers, and increasing research on AIS in k-12 schools.
Longitudinal evaluation of clustering of chronic sinonasal and related symptoms using exploratory factor analysis

Background Sinonasal symptoms are common and can have several underlying causes. When symptoms occur in specified patterns lasting 3 months or more they meet criteria for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Approaches to CRS symptom measurement do not specify how to measure symptoms and treat specified sinonasal symptoms as generally interchangeable, suggesting that such symptoms should cluster on 1 or 2 latent factors. Methods We used questionnaire responses to 37 questions on the presence, severity, bother, and frequency of cardinal sinonasal and related symptoms lasting 3 months, from 3535 subjects at 3 time points over 16 months. We completed 5 exploratory factor analyses (EFA) to identify symptom clustering, 1 for each time point and 2 for the differences between adjacent questionnaires. The baseline EFA was used to provide factor scores that were described longitudinally and examined by CRS status. Results Five EFAs identified the same 5 factors (blockage and discharge, pain and pressure, asthma and cold/flu symptoms, smell loss, and ear and eye [mainly allergy] symptoms), with clustering determined by symptom frequency, severity, and degree of bother. Responses to individual questions showed changes over time but when combined into factor scores showed less longitudinal change. All symptom factor scores were progressively higher from never to past to current CRS status. Conclusions Although the current approaches to symptom characterization in CRS imply a single underlying latent construct, our results suggest that there are at least 3 latent constructs relevant to CRS. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether these clusters have identifiable underlying pathobiologies.
Demand response: An enabling technology to achieve energy efficiency in a smart grid

Abstract Future electricity grids will enable greater and more sophisticated demand-side participation, which refers to the inclusion of mechanisms that enable dynamic modification of electricity demand into the operations of power grids, known as demand response (DR). The underlying information-flow infrastructures provided by the emerging smart grid enhance the interactions between customers and the market, by which DR will improve electricity grids in several aspects, for example, by reducing peak demand and reducing need for expensive peaker plants, or by enabling demand to follow supply such as those from volatile renewable resources. In this chapter, various DR programs and implementations provided by utilities and Independent System Operators/Regional Transmission Organizations in the United States will be described. A distributed direct load control approach for large-scale residential DR will be discussed as a case study, with numerical results to demonstrate its effectiveness.
Health IT, hacking, and cybersecurity: national trends in data breaches of protected health information.

Objective The rapid adoption of health information technology (IT) coupled with growing reports of ransomware, and hacking has made cybersecurity a priority in health care. This study leverages federal data in order to better understand current cybersecurity threats in the context of health IT. Materials and Methods Retrospective observational study of all available reported data breaches in the United States from 2013 to 2017, downloaded from a publicly available federal regulatory database. Results There were 1512 data breaches affecting 154 415 257 patient records from a heterogeneous distribution of covered entities (P < .001). There were 128 electronic medical record-related breaches of 4 867 920 patient records, while 363 hacking incidents affected 130 702 378 records. Discussion and Conclusion Despite making up less than 25% of all breaches, hacking was responsible for nearly 85% of all affected patient records. As medicine becomes increasingly interconnected and informatics-driven, significant improvements to cybersecurity must be made so our health IT infrastructure is simultaneously effective, safe, and secure.