cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“As Cited In” Writing Partnerships The (Im)possibility of Authorship in Postmodern Research

Despite that qualitative researchers have persistently positioned research as a collaborative endeavor, single-authorship is ultimately valued in the academy, producing tension between the expectation and (im)possibility of such single-authorship. In this article, we demonstrate how we attend to this tension by focusing on how our citational practices within the text and in authorship bylines enable us to continuously interrogate and deconstruct how the author functions in our work. Specifically, we describe how our writing partnership produces each other as secondary sources for all of our writing, and we explore how American Psychological Association’s (APA) phrase “as cited in” helps us do authorship differently, even in those texts where our contributions are not acknowledged in authorship bylines. This exploration highlights how writing and methodology are completely imbricated in qualitative research, so we propose that choices about how we produce the author should be as philosophically informed as...
Regulation of amphibian oocyte maturation

Xenopus oocyte maturation is a model system for studying the control of cell proliferation and the regulation of the cell cycle. Addition of progesterone or insulin to oocytes releases a G2 block and stimulates progression through meiosis to an unfertilized egg. The release of the G2 block is a consequence of a decrease in cAMP mediated entirely or in part by an inhibition of adenylate cyclase. The mechanism of cyclase inhibition involves a membrane steroid receptor controlling the rate of guanine nucleotide exchange. Subsequent events include an increase in intracellular pH and the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6. The latter event may play a role in translational control of maturation. Late events in maturation involve the appearance of the maturation-promoting factor (MPF), a cytoplasmic protein responsible for causing nuclear envelope breakdown, chromosome condensation, and spindle formation. MPF oscillates in meiotic and mitotic cell cycles. The events caused by MPF can now be obtained in crude extracts with retention of cell cycle control by calcium, providing a framework for rapid progress in characterizing MPF and its regulation.
Sofia 2008: Globalization and the Management of Information Resources

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the “Sofia 2008: Globalization and the Management of Information Resources” conference, held in Sofia, Bulgaria in November 2008.Design/methodology/approach – The paper gives an outline of the issues, content, speakers, participants, social networking and location of this conference.Findings – The Sofia 2008 conference offered an excellent balance of informative presentations and social opportunities to meet other attendees and to discuss current topics in libraries, information management, and LIS education.Originality/value – The paper provides a report of the biennial international conference of value to international information and library professionals and LIS educators.
Elicited imitation: its effectiveness for speech and language screening

The authors explored the clinical usefulness of a brief sentence-repetition screening task (SRST), by screening 382 kindergarten children and performing follow-up tests on a stratified sample of 78. Results indicate that an elicited-imitation task can predict the combined outcome of receptive and expressive language problems, as well as articulation problems. Replication, cross-validation and assessment of children with selective receptive impairments are recommended. Nevertheless, the present study demonstrates that the use of sentence-repetition screening tasks could be a very efficient strategy for screening for both language and articulation problems in kindergarten children.
Highly efficient click labeling using 2-[¹⁸F]fluoroethyl azide and synthesis of an ¹⁸FN-hydroxysuccinimide ester as conjugation agent.

Abstract Introduction Click labeling using 2-[ 18 F]fluoroethyl azide has been proven to be promising methods of radiolabeling small molecules and peptides, some of which are undergoing clinical evaluations. However, the previously reported method afforded low yield, poor purities and under desirable reproducibility. Methods A vacuum distillation method was used to isolate 2-[ 18 F]fluoroethyl azide, and the solvent effect of acetonitrile and dimethylformamide (DMF) on the click labeling using Cu(I) from copper sulfate/sodium ascorbate was studied. The labeling conditions were optimized to radiosynthesize a hydroxysuccinimide ester ( N -hydroxysuccinimide, or NHS). Results 2-[ 18 F]fluoroethyl azide was isolated by the vacuum distillation method with > 80% yield within 10 min in a “pure” and click-ready form. It was found that the amount of DMF was critical for maintaining high levels of Cu(I) from copper sulfate/sodium ascorbate in order to rapidly complete the click labeling reaction. The addition of bathophenanthrolinedisulfonic acid disodium salt to the mixture of copper sulfate/sodium ascorbate also greatly improved the click labeling efficiency. Through exploiting these optimizations, a base-labile NHS ester was rapidly radiosynthesized in 90% isolated yield with good chemical and radiochemical purities. Conclusions We have developed a general method to click-label small molecules efficiently using [ 18 F] 2 for research and clinical use. This NHS ester can be used for conjugation chemistry to label antibodies, peptides and small molecules as positron emission tomography tracers.
Context-dependent Impacts of a Non-native Ecosystem Engineer, the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas

The introduction of non-native species represents unprecedented large-scale experiments that allow us to examine ecological systems in ways that would otherwise not be possible. Invasion by novel ecological types into a community can press a system beyond the bounds normally seen and can reveal community interactions, local drivers and limits within systems that are otherwise hidden by coevolution and a long evolutionary history among local players, as well as local adaptation of species. The success of many invaders is attributed to their ability to thrive in a wide range of habitat types and physical conditions, setting the stage for direct examination of ecological impacts of a species across a range of habitat and community contexts. Bivalves are well-known ecosystem engineers, especially oysters, which are the target of wild-caught fisheries and aquaculture. The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, is grown worldwide for aquaculture, and is presently invading shores on virtually every continent. As a consequence, this non-native species is having large impacts on many systems, but the types of impacts are system specific, and greatly depend on substrate type, how physiologically stressful the environment is for intertidal zone species, and the presence of native engineering species. A novel type of engineering effect is identified for this non-native species, whereby it alters not only the physical environment, but also the thermal environment of the community it invades. The impacts of engineering by this non-native species will depend not only on whether it facilitates or inhibits species but also on the trophic level and ecological role of the species affected, and whether similar ecological types are found within the system.
Wnt signaling, a novel pathway for coronary artery disease and metabolic syndrome

Genetic influences on coronary artery disease Much of the reduction in the incidence of myocardial infarction is attributable to the identification of reversible coronary artery disease risk factors that have been identified by epidemiological studies. Genetic studies of rare families segregating single genes that impart very large effects on CAD risk factors have identified many genes and physiologic pathways1-3. For example, mutations that impair function of the LDL receptor or the LDL endocytosis machinery lead to hypercholesterolemia, mutations in ABCA1 impair the systemic cholesterol efflux pathway leads to low HDL and Tangier disease and mutations in ABCG5/8 impair cholesterol efflux from the enterocyte and biliary system that leads to a disease called sitostrolemia. Finally, mutations in genes that impair glucose sensing or insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells constitute Mendelian forms of diabetes mellitus1-3. These mutations account for only small proportion of all CAD cases. Surprisingly, many of these risk factors cluster with one another more often than expected by chance4,5 ; while this clustering, referred to as the metabolic syndrome, is recognized to be a common cause of CAD, the molecular mechanisms that unify their association have been obscure. Following we will describe our identification of a gene responsible for CAD and metabolic syndrome discovered in an Iranian kindred. The mutation in this gene impairs a pathway known as Wnt signaling pathway. With the expansion of research in Wnt signaling pathways, our knowledge about the role of this pathway in physiological processes of glucose and lipid metabolism and the pathogenesis of diabetes and coronary artery disease continues to increase.
Detection of rejection of canine orthotopic cardiac allografts with indium-111 lymphocytes and gamma scintigraphy.

Previous studies have demonstrated the feasibility of detecting canine heterotopic cardiac allograft rejection scintigraphically after administration of 111In lymphocytes. To determine whether the approach is capable of detecting rejection in orthotopic cardiac transplants in which labeled lymphocytes circulating in the blood pool may reduce sensitivity, the present study was performed in which canine orthotopic cardiac transplants were evaluated in vivo. Immunosuppression was maintained with cyclosporine A (10-20 mg/kg/day) and prednisone (1 mg/kg/day) for 2 wk after transplantation. Subsequently, therapy was tapered. Five successful allografts were evaluated scintigraphically every 3 days after administration of 100-350 microCi 111In autologous lymphocytes. Correction for labeled lymphocytes circulating in the blood pool, but not actively sequestered in the allografts was accomplished by administering 3-6 mCi 99mTc autologous erythrocytes and employing a previously validated blood-pool activity correction technique. Cardiac infiltration of labeled lymphocytes was quantified as percent indium excess (%IE), scintigraphically detectable 111In in the transplant compared with that in blood, and results were compared with those of concomitantly performed endomyocardial biopsy. Scintigraphic %IE for hearts not undergoing rejection manifest histologically was 0.7 +/- 0.4. Percent IE for rejecting hearts was 6.8 +/- 4.0 (p less than 0.05). Scintigraphy detected each episode of rejection detected by biopsy. Scintigraphic criteria for rejection (%IE greater than 2 s.d. above normal) were not manifest in any study in which biopsies did not show rejection. Since scintigraphic results with 111In-labeled lymphocytes were concordant with biopsy results in orthotopic cardiac transplants, noninvasive detection of graft rejection in patients should be attainable with the approach developed.
Victorian Roads to Rome: Historical Travel in the Wake of the Grand Tour

For centuries, the British imagined Rome as an “Eternal City, the Queen of Cities, the Venerable City” (Echard 165). It was from the “eternal source of Rome's imperial hill” that all “thirst” for k...
Single-Stage Laryngotracheal Reconstruction in Children: A Review of 200 Cases:

OBJECTIVE: We reviewed our experience with pediatric single-stage laryngotracheal reconstruction (SSLTR) to identify factors that affect postoperative outcomes, including the need for reintubation ...
Primary Relationships Affect the Psychological Health of Homosexual Men at Risk for Aids

Less is known about the effects of primary relationships on psychological health for homosexual men and women than for heterosexual men and women. Given the HIV/AIDS epidemic, the primary relationships of homosexual men are especially important to examine at the present time. Using questionnaire data collected from 259 homosexual men, this study examined the effects of status and quality of relationship on psychological health. Analysis indicated that homosexual men who are in primary relationships experience fewer depressive symptoms and greater well-being than other homosexual men but that being in a relationship does not predict changes in these outcomes over time. Men who report high quality of relationship show improvements over time in psychological health. These findings are discussed in light of the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
Downregulation of a human colonic sialyltransferase by a secondary bile acid and a phorbol ester

Fecal constituents such as bile acids and increased sialylation of membrane glycoproteins by α-2,6-sialyltransferase (HST6N-1) may contribute to colorectal tumorigenesis. We hypothesized that bile ...
Prevalence and Predictors of Major Depressive Disorder for Fertility Treatment Patients and their Partners

Objective To examine the prevalence and predictors of major depressive disorder (MDD) for women and their partners during the course of fertility treatment. Design Prospective cohort study during an 18-month period. Participants completed interviews and questionnaires at baseline and at 4, 10, and 18 months of follow-up. Setting Five community and academic fertility practices. Patient(s) A total of 174 women and 144 of their male partners who did not have a successful child-related outcome during the time frame of the study. Intervention(s) No interventions administered. Main Outcome Measure(s) The MDD was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Major Depression module, a structured diagnostic interview. Additional variables were assessed with self-report questionnaire measures. Result(s) Of the women 39.1% and of the men 15.3% met the criteria for MDD during the 18-month course of the study. A binary logistic covariate-adjusted model showed that, for both women and men, past MDD was a significant predictor of MDD during treatment. Past MDD further predicted significant risk for MDD during treatment after controlling for other well-established risk factors (i.e., baseline levels of depression, anxiety, and partner support). Conclusion(s) The MDD was highly prevalent for fertility treatment patients and their partners. Past MDD predicted risk for MDD during treatment, and it contributed to MDD risk more than other commonly assessed risk factors. This suggests that patients and their partners would benefit from being routinely assessed for a history of MDD before the start of treatment to best direct psychosocial support and interventions to those most in need.
The seabird tick, Ixodes uriae, uses uric acid in penguin guano as a kairomone and guanine in tick feces as an assembly pheromone on the Antarctic Peninsula

In the vicinity of Palmer Station, Antarctica, the seabird tick, Ixodesuriae, forms large aggregations under rocks at the periphery of Adelie penguin rookeries. When the adult penguins return to the rookeries at the beginning of the nesting season the ticks leave their off-host aggregation site, attach to the penguins for a period of feeding, and then subsequently return to the aggregation site. In this study, we searched for chemical cues that may be used by the ticks to locate their aggregation sites as well as cues involved in finding penguins. Tick excreta and soil extracts from beneath tick aggregations contained a pheromone that elicited assembly behavior in unfed larvae, non-fed nymphs and non-fed adults. Guanine, the major excretory product of ticks, elicited assembly behavior, thus, guanine is likely an active component involved in assembly. Non-fed stages also responded positively to penguin guano and uric acid, the primary excretory product of penguins, suggesting that uric acid and other components of penguin guano function as a kairomone used by the non-fed ticks to locate their host. After feeding, the immature ticks’ response to both the assembly and kairomones is switched off for several days, and the ticks regain responsiveness only after they have molted. Fed adult females lay eggs and die without ever regaining responsiveness. Thus, I. uriae relies on two closely related chemicals to regulate two critical aspects of its life: assembly and host-finding. Guanine and other components of tick excreta function as an assembly pheromone in promoting the formation of off-host aggregations, while uric acid and other components of penguin guano function as a kairomone used by the tick to locate its host.
Paul's Mosaic Ascent: An Interpretation of 2 Corinthians 12.7–9

This essay offers a reading of 2 Cor 12.7–9 in light of a rabbinic story of Moses' ascent to heaven (b. Sabb. 88b-89a). After an exploration of Moses in 2 Corinthians the author argues that vv. 7–9, like vv. 2–4, constitute an ascent report (vv. 2–4). This ascent report, it is maintained, is structurally parallel to Moses' heavenly ascent in b. Sabb. 88b-89a. Early traditions of Moses' ascent to heaven and dominance over angels suggest that Paul knew a form of the Mosaic ascent, and parodied it to highlight his weakness and paradoxical authority in vv. 7–9.
Nursing theory development: successes and challenges

Central to this paper is the belief that developing nursing theory is fundamental to establishing nursing's scientific foundation. Therefore, the paper examines successes and challenges in nursing theory development. This is achieved by evaluating both the present status of nursing theory as well as ideas for future directions. Within present status, the author considers three areas--those in which there is agreement, those in which both opinions differ and the prescribed course of relationships has not yet been achieved, and those which may serve as catalysts for future progress. A tripartite framework is also used to contemplate future directions by evaluating how nursing's knowledge has developed, what improvements and refinements might take place, and how the domains of nursing might be expanded. The author concludes that satisfaction and pride in current successes are not only justified but may motivate future pursuits; pursuits that are necessary to advancing the discipline of nursing.
Synaptojanin family members are implicated in endocytic membrane traffic in yeast

The synaptojanins represent a subfamily of inositol 5′-phosphatases that contain an NH2-terminal Sac1p homology domain. A nerve terminal-enriched synaptojanin, synaptojanin 1, was previously proposed to participate in the endocytosis of synaptic vesicles and actin function. The genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains three synaptojanin-like genes (SJL1, SJL2 and SJL3), none of which is essential for growth. We report here that a yeast mutant lacking SJL1 and SJL2 (Deltasjl1 Deltasjl2) exhibits a severe defect in receptor-mediated and fluid-phase endocytosis. A less severe endocytic defect is present in a Deltasjl2 Deltasjl3 mutant, while endocytosis is normal in a Deltasjl1 Deltasjl3 mutant. None of the mutants are impaired in invertase secretion. The severity of the endocytic impairment of the sjl double mutants correlates with the severity of actin and polarity defects. Furthermore, the deletion of SJL1 suppresses the temperature-sensitive growth defect of sac6, a mutant in yeast fimbrin, supporting a role for synaptojanin family members in actin function. These findings provide a first direct evidence for a role of synaptojanin family members in endocytosis and provide further evidence for a close link between endocytosis and actin function.
Serum protein fractionation in gynecologic malignancy

Abstract Serum protein fractionation using paper electrophoresis was determined in 73 patients with uterine cancer. The distribution of the serum proteins was found to be abnormal. Hypoalbuminemia occurred in all patients studied, including those with noninvasive and clinically localized cancer. Total protein remained unchanged, indicating an absolute increase in total globulin. The alpha-2 and beta globulins exhibited the greatest increases in the malignancies studied. The serum protein changes in the albumin, alpha-2, and beta fractions are similar in pregnancy and in uterine cancer. Electrophoretic separation of the alpha-1 and gamma globulin fraction in gynecologic cancer reveal no significant difference from normal values.
Detection of blur artifacts in histopathological whole-slide images of endomyocardial biopsies

Histopathological whole-slide images (WSIs) have emerged as an objective and quantitative means for image-based disease diagnosis. However, WSIs may contain acquisition artifacts that affect downstream image feature extraction and quantitative disease diagnosis. We develop a method for detecting blur artifacts in WSIs using distributions of local blur metrics. As features, these distributions enable accurate classification of WSI regions as sharp or blurry. We evaluate our method using over 1000 portions of an endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) WSI. Results indicate that local blur metrics accurately detect blurry image regions.
Video booklet

In this paper, we propose a novel system, video booklet, which enables efficient and nature video browsing and searching. In the system, a set of selected thumbnails excerpted from the original videos are printed out on a real physical booklet or album. When users plan to browse the content of or search a specific clip in their digital video library, they can firstly browse their booklets in such a manner as browsing a typical papery family album. When he wants to watch the segment represented by a certain thumbnail in the booklet, he is able to use his camera phone to capture the corresponding thumbnail. Then the captured image is sent to computer or other devices connected to the monitor via wireless network, and last the video booklet system will automatically find the corresponding segment in the video library for the user and begin to play the segment. Video booklet builds a seamless bridge between digital media library and analog papery albums.
The “genius” and “madness” of Bobby Fischer: His life from three psychobiographical lenses.

Robert (Bobby) James Fischer (1943–2008) remains one of the most puzzling and enigmatic personalities in modern American history. In 1972, at the height of Cold War tensions between the Soviet Unio...
Sieben Briefe von Paul Heyse an Feodor Lowe

Die folgenden Briefe, die mir Professor W. Kurrelmeyer zur Verfugung stellte, bilden einen Teil eines Briefwechsels aus den Jahren 1859–62 zwischen Paul Heyse und Feodor Lowe. Franz Ludwig Feodor Lowe, der am 5. Juli 1816 zu Kassel geboren wurde, stammte aus einer Schauspielerfamilie. Wahrend er sich zuerst ganz der Wissenschaft widmen wollte, zwang ihn 1832 der Tod seines Vaters, die Theaterlaufbahn zu ergreifen. Nach seinem Auftreten in Mannheim, Hamburg und Frankfurt a.M. wurde er im Jahre 1841 als Heldenspieler fur die Stuttgarter Hofbuhne engagiert. Mit glanzendem Erfolg spielte er Leicester, Faust, Karl Moor und Hamlet. Er machte Josephine Stubenrauch, die Schwester der Schauspielerin Amalie von Stubenrauch, zu seiner Gattin. Im Jahre 1846 ernannte ihn die Stuttgarter Hofbuhne zum Regisseur. Von der Zeit an beherrschte er dort gemeinsam mit Grunert (s. Anm. 10) das Repertoire. Auch als Lyriker betatigte er sich (z.B. Gedichte, 1854, 2. vermehrte Auflage, 1860; Neue Gedichte, 1875). Die Universitat Giessen verlieh ihm die philosophische Doktorwurde. 1881 wurde er geadelt. In seinem dreiundsiebzigsten Jahre musste er sich infolge einer schweren Krankheit vom Theater zuruckziehen, und am 20. Juni 1890 starb er.
Nitroarginine does not inhibit lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-induced vascular relaxation and accumulation of cyclic GMP.

Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is a potent endothelium-dependent vascular smooth muscle relaxant. The possibility that its action is mediated through endothelium-derived nitric oxide (EDNO), although suggestive, has not been proven. Both lysophgsphatidylcholine and endothelium-derived nitric oxide relax by activating guanylate cyclase to form cyclic GMP. Based on the finding that EDNO formation is inhibited by NNA (N-omega-nitro-L-arginine), we followed cyclic GMP changes in bovine intrapulmonary arteries with LPC after incubation with NNA. Inhibition of cyclic GMP by LPC following NNA exposure would be suggestive of the production of EDNO by LPC. However, while NNA significantly inhibited accumulation of cyclic GMP after exposure to the calcium ionophore A23187 which releases EDNO, NNA failed to inhibit LPC-induced accumulation of cyclic GMP. The results indicate that LPC relaxes vascular smooth muscle through a non NO-mediated pathway.
The impact of leadership on small business innovativeness

Abstract Innovation is a fundamental requisite for small firms to achieve long-term viability. While relevant literature highlights the importance of leadership within small firms in order to establish and foster a climate conducive for innovation, evidence linking specific leadership attributes with innovation is lacking. This study examines the impact of the individual entrepreneur on fostering new product innovation within firms. An analysis of the responses collected from entrepreneurs indicates that leadership style, negotiation style and organizational efficacy each affect new product innovation. Specifically, we find evidence to support the idea that small business leaders who are inspirational, who negotiate competitively, and who lead efficacious organizations establish environments that are more likely to yield new product innovations.
Emergency central venous catheterization during trauma resuscitation: a safety analysis by site.

Central venous catheterization (CVC) is often necessary during initial trauma resuscitations, but may cause complications including catheter-related blood stream infection (CRBSI), deep venous thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary emboli (PE), arterial injury, or pneumothoraces. Our primary objective compared subclavian versus femoral CVC complications during initial trauma resuscitations. A retrospective review (2010-2011) at an urban, Level-I Trauma Center reviewed CVCs during initial trauma resuscitations. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and complications including: CRBSIs, DVTs, arterial injuries, pneumothoraces, and PEs were analyzed. Fisher's exact test and Student's t test were used; P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Overall, 504 CVCs were placed (subclavian, n = 259; femoral, n = 245). No difference in age (47 ± 22 vs 45 ± 23 years) or body mass index (28 ± 6 vs 29 ± 16 kg/m(2)) was detected (P > 0.05) in subclavian vs femoral CVC, but subclavian CVCs had more blunt injuries (81% vs 69%), greater systolic blood pressure (95 ± 55 vs 83 ± 43 mmHg), greater Glasgow Coma Scale (10 ± 5 vs 9 ± 5), and less introducers (49% vs 73%) than femoral CVCs (all P 0.05). Catheter-related DVTs occurred in 2 per cent of subclavian and 9 per cent of femoral CVCs (P < 0.001). There was a 3 per cent occurrence of pneumothorax in the subclavian CVC population. In conclusion, both subclavian and femoral CVCs caused significant complications. Subclavian catheter-related pneumothoraces occurred more commonly and femoral CRBSIs less commonly than expected compared with prior literature in nonemergent scenarios. This suggests that femoral CVC may be safer than subclavian CVC during initial trauma resuscitations.
Early detection and intervention of schizophrenia: rationale and research

Background The primary rationale for early detection and intervention in schizophrenia is the disorder's severity, chronicity and treatment resistance. This suggests that researchers pay closer attention to schizophrenia's premorbid and onset phases, when the vulnerability to psychosis becomes expressed and the neurobiological deficit processes driving symptom formation appear to be the most active. Method We review the evidence that brain plasticity may be retained or reversed despite deficit processes. Results The data are preliminary but suggestive enough to warrant further research. Conclusions Overall, we need to focus on the early course of schizophrenia, detecting cases early at onset or in the prodrome, testing whether this enhances treatment response and prognosis, and predicting at-risk cases early in the prodromal phase. Designs to address these questions are presented, and relevant issues are discussed.
In Defense of Standardized On-Demand Publication

Due to current; myths and to publication pressure, science is often pictured as a reservoir of knowledge, where all published material is accumulated and processed. This picture is sheer myth. Scientific literature is chiefly a means of communication, not a reservoir but a channel-system; and the channels are now clogged.
Exploring the impact of walk–bike infrastructure, safety perception, and built-environment on active transportation mode choice: a random parameter model using New York City commuter data

This study estimates a random parameter (mixed) logit model for active transportation (walk and bicycle) choices for work trips in the New York City (using 2010–2011 Regional Household Travel Survey Data). We explored the effects of traffic safety, walk–bike network facilities, and land use attributes on walk and bicycle mode choice decision in the New York City for home-to-work commute. Applying the flexible econometric structure of random parameter models, we capture the heterogeneity in the decision making process and simulate scenarios considering improvement in walk–bike infrastructure such as sidewalk width and length of bike lane. Our results indicate that increasing sidewalk width, total length of bike lane, and proportion of protected bike lane will increase the likelihood of more people taking active transportation mode This suggests that the local authorities and planning agencies to invest more on building and maintaining the infrastructure for pedestrians. Further, improvement in traffic safety by reducing traffic crashes involving pedestrians and bicyclists, will increase the likelihood of taking active transportation modes. Our results also show positive correlation between number of non-motorized trips by the other family members and the likelihood to choose active transportation mode. The model would be an essential tool to estimate the impact of improving traffic safety and walk–bike infrastructure which will assist in investment decision making.
The Dynamics of Chromatin Modification during RA Induced Promyelocyte Differentiation.

Abstract Epigenetic histone modifications have recently been shown to be important in gene regulation and to be correlated with gene expression profiles. In particular, particular modifications at Lysine 4 and Lysine 9 of Histone H3 may be highly indicative of both active and silenced chromatin. Promoters of highly active genes are generally tri-methylated at Lysine 4 and acetylated at Lysine 9 whereas silenced chromatin is unmethylated or mono methylated at Lysine 4 and di or tri-methylated at Lysine 9. NB4 is a human acute promyelocytic leukemia (t15:17) cell line that can be differentiated down the neutrophil lineage by induction with supraphysiological levels of retinoic acid (RA). We have examined post-translational modifications at Lysine 4 and Lysine 9 of Histone H3 at specific promoters using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) during differentiation of NB4 cells. We have performed quantitative (q) RT-PCR for the Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and Defensin-alpha (Def-a) genes after 0,12, 24, 48 and 72 hours of RA induction of NB4 cells. Concurrently we performed ChIP followed by qPCR for Di- and Tri-methylated Lysine 4 of Histone H3 and acetyl- and di-methylated Lysine 9 of Histone H3 at the promoters of these genes. MPO mRNA is expressed at time 0, and decreases progressively starting at 24 hours such that by 48 hours mRNA levels are negligible. This correlates nicely with a sharp decrease in tri-methyl Lysine 4 and acetyl Lysine 9 levels by 12 hours, with a smaller decrease again at 24 hours on the MPO promoter. By 72 hours a concurrent increase in dimethyl Lysine 9 levels is seen, indicating chromatin silencing. Conversely, def-a is initially not expressed in NB4 cells. After 24 hours of induction with RA, an increase in mRNA levels is seen. This correlates well with a sharp increase of acetyl Lysine 9 in the promoter and a concurrent decrease in dimethyl lysine 9 levels. In conclusion we have shown that during RA induced differentiation of promyelocytic leukemia cells, chromatin modifications slightly precede changes in mRNA expression levels and recapitulate other studies linking Lysine 4 methylation with active transcription and Lysine 9 methylation with gene silencing.
Abstract 530: Renal Vasoconstriction is Augmented during Exercise in Peripheral Arterial Disease Patients: Contributions of Muscle Mechanoreflex and Oxidative Stress

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) patients have augmented blood pressure increases during exercise. It is unknown whether PAD patients have greater renal vasoconstriction during exercise and how much the muscle mechanoreflex or oxidative stress contribute to this response. Eleven PAD patients and 10 healthy controls (CON) performed 4 minutes of mild, rhythmic, plantarflexion exercise of increasing intensity (0.5-2kg) with each leg (most and least affected legs for PAD). Eight PAD patients also performed exercise with their most affected leg during intravenous, high-dose, ascorbic acid (AA) infusion. Renal blood flow velocity (RBFV; Doppler ultrasound), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP; Finometer), and heart rate (HR; ECG) were measured. Renal vascular resistance (RVR), an index of renal vasoconstriction, was calculated as MAP/RBFV. Statistical analysis involved repeated measures ANOVA and paired samples t -tests. Baseline RVR and MAP were similar while HR was higher in PAD compared to CON (RVR: 2.08±0.23 vs. 1.87±0.20 arbitrary units, MAP: 94±3 vs. 93±3 mmHg, and HR: 72±3 vs. 59±3 b.min -1 (p p p
A Laboratory Oriented Course in Digital Control

Abstract A laboratory oriented course in Digital Control has been taught at Stanford University for the last several years. The goal in the course is to teach the fundamentals for the design of controller algorithms almost entirely through the use of laboratory experiments. This paper describes the experiments, their solution, and the required experimental equipment.
Influence of acetylsalicylic acid and low-molecular weight heparins on the formation of renal hematoma after shock wave lithotripsy.

To investigate the risk of renal hematoma (RHT) after shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) among patients on acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) or low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). Retrospective analysis of 434 patients treated with SWL for nephrolithiasis and ureterolithiasis of the proximal ureter. Primary endpoint was detection of RHT by ultrasound the day after SWL. Secondary outcome variables included transfusion of erythrocyte concentrate(s), interventions, hospital readmission or death due to RHT within 30 days of SWL. Binary logistic regression analysis was used including a post hoc one-way analysis. Of 434 patients, 33 (7.6%) and 67 (15.4%) patients were medicated with ASA and LMWH, respectively. RHT was detected in 20 of 434 (4.6%) patients. Of those, 3 (20%) were on ASA, 6 (35%) were on LMWH, 1 (5%) was on ASA and LMWH, and 10 (50%) had no anticoagulation. Univariate analysis showed a statistically significant higher risk for RHT among patients on ASA (p = 0.04) and LWMH (p = 0.02) with an untreated urinary tract infection (UTI) (p = 0.008) and history of cardiovascular disease (p = 0.028). On multivariate analysis, ASA medication, untreated UTI (OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.31–14.75, p = 0.016 and OR 5.79, 95% CI 1.65–20.32, p = 0.03) and a therapeutic dose of LMWH (OR 10.4, 95% CI 1.74–62.27, p = 0.01) were independent predictors for RHT. Before SWL, a patient risk profile should be evaluated. If feasible, LMWH in therapeutic dosing should be avoided, and ASA should be discontinued. UTI should be treated before SWL in any case. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Identifier NCT02875717.
Effect of collagen fibre orientation on intervertebral disc torsion mechanics

The intervertebral disc is a complex fibro-cartilaginous material, consisting of a pressurized nucleus pulposus surrounded by the annulus fibrosus, which has an angle-ply structure. Disc injury and degeneration are noted by significant changes in tissue structure and function, which significantly alters stress distribution and disc joint stiffness. Differences in fibre orientation are thought to contribute to changes in disc torsion mechanics. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of collagen fibre orientation on internal disc mechanics under compression combined with axial rotation. We developed and validated a finite element model (FEM) to delineate changes in disc mechanics due to fibre orientation from differences in material properties. FEM simulations were performed with fibres oriented at [Formula: see text] throughout the disc (uniform by region and fibre layer). The initial model was validated by published experimental results for two load conditions, including [Formula: see text] axial compression and [Formula: see text] axial rotation. Once validated, fibre orientation was rotated by [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] towards the horizontal plane, resulting in a decrease in disc joint torsional stiffness. Furthermore, we observed that axial rotation caused a sinusoidal change in disc height and radial bulge, which may be beneficial for nutrient transport. In conclusion, including anatomically relevant fibre angles in disc joint FEMs is important for understanding stress distribution throughout the disc and will be important for understanding potential causes for disc injury. Future models will include regional differences in fibre orientation to better represent the fibre architecture of the native disc.
Gender and racial/ethnic differences in sleep duration in the North Texas heart study

Abstract Objective Short sleep duration has been linked with a wide array of poor mental and physical health outcomes. Such risks, however, may be moderated by demographic factors such as gender and race/ethnicity. In a diverse community sample, the current study examined the relationship between gender, race/ethnicity and objectively measured sleep duration, controlling for select potential confounds. Methods Participants were 300 community adults (50% female), aged 21 to 70 years, and included 60% non-Hispanic Whites, 15% non-Hispanic Blacks, 19% Hispanic/Latino, and 6% other. As part of a larger study, participants wore an actigraphy device over two nights to assess sleep duration (averaged across both nights). Gender and race/ethnicity were used as grouping variables in a two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) predicting objectively assessed total sleep time, with age, income, and employment status as covariates. Results On average, males slept 34 min less than females ( P = .002). After controlling for socioeconomic factors, there was a gender by race/ethnicity interaction ( P = .030). Within males, Hispanics slept 45 min less than non-Hispanic Whites ( P = .002) and 57 min less than non-Hispanic others ( P = .008). Males also slept significantly less than females within the non-Hispanic White (difference = −22.9; P = .016) and the Hispanic (difference = −77.1; P Conclusions Extending previous research, the current study provides additional evidence for differences in objective sleep duration based on gender and race/ethnicity in daily life. These data suggest that risk associated with sleep duration is patterned in important ways across gender and race/ethnicity; such information can be used to tailor prevention efforts.
Modified simultaneous saccharification and fermentation to enhance bioethanol titers and yields

Abstract To maintain our society’s sustainability with respect to people, prosperity, and the planet, we must produce liquid transportation fuels such as bioethanol on the renewable basis at a competitive price to petroleum-based fuels. The major challenges to commercialize cellulosic biofuels are low fermentation efficiency, low ethanol titer, and lack of technology to fully utilize the byproduct from bioconversion process such as lignin which has been underutilized. To overcome these technical barriers, we have proposed a novel design to fully utilize each component of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuels and bio-chemicals production, which involves green technologies such as hydrothermal and organosolv pretreatments to produce a cellulose-rich solid with good recovery of clean lignin after solvent recycling for improvement of plant protein-based adhesives as well as xylose remained in the aqueous phase for furfural upgradation. The focus of this study, as a part of the whole biorefinery concept, is to develop modified simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (mSSF) to enhance ethanol titers and yields, which combines the advantages of both separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) via unique decantation process. The mSSF achieved higher ethanol concentration of 58.5 g/L and ethanol yield of 83.5% as compared to the traditional SSF process (49.9 g/L and 71.1%) at the biomass loadings of 20% (w/v). The mSSF also enabled higher ethanol titers of 72.3 g/L at higher loadings of 30% (w/v) with yields of 70.0%. As compared to published high-gravity fermentation, ethanol concentration of 72.3 g/L achieved in this study was the highest one in the lab-scale process, which proved that the proposed mSSF was an effective process to increase ethanol titers without sacrificing ethanol yields. The improved ethanol titers and yields would significantly lower the distillation cost and accelerate the commercialization of cellulosic biofuel production.
Immotile Active Matter: Activity from Death and Reproduction.

Unlike equilibrium atomic solids, biofilms---soft solids composed of bacterial cells---do not experience significant thermal fluctuations at the constituent level. However, living cells stochastically reproduce and die, provoking a mechanical response. We investigate the mechanical consequences of cellular death and reproduction by measuring surface-height fluctuations of biofilms containing two mutually antagonistic strains of Vibrio cholerae that kill one another on contact via the type VI secretion system. While studies of active matter typically focus on activity via constituent mobility, here, activity is mediated by reproduction and death events in otherwise immobilized cells. Biofilm surface topography is measured in the nearly homeostatic limit via white light interferometry. Although biofilms are far from equilibrium systems, measured surface-height fluctuation spectra resemble the spectra of thermal permeable membranes but with an activity-mediated effective temperature, as predicted by Risler, Peilloux, and Prost [Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 258104 (2015)]. By comparing the activity of killer strains of V. cholerae with that of genetically modified strains that cannot kill each other and validating with individual-based simulations, we demonstrate that extracted effective temperatures increase with the amount of death and reproduction and that death and reproduction can fluidize biofilms. Together, these observations demonstrate the unique physical consequences of activity mediated by death and reproduction events.
In vitro isolation of small-molecule-binding aptamers with intrinsic dye-displacement functionality

Aptamer-based sensors offer a powerful tool for molecular detection, but the practical implementation of these biosensors is hindered by costly and laborious sequence engineering and chemical modification procedures. We report a simple strategy for directly isolating signal-reporting aptamers in vitro through systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) that transduce binding events into a detectable change of absorbance via target-induced displacement of a small-molecule dye. We first demonstrate that diethylthiatricarbocyanine (Cy7) can stack into DNA three-way junctions (TWJs) in a sequence-independent fashion, greatly altering the dye's absorbance spectrum. We then design a TWJ-containing structured library and isolate an aptamer against 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), a synthetic cathinone that is an emerging drug of abuse. This aptamer intrinsically binds Cy7 within its TWJ domain, but MDPV efficiently displaces the dye, resulting in a change in absorbance within seconds. This assay is label-free, and detects nanomolar concentrations of MDPV. It also recognizes other synthetic cathinones, offering the potential to detect newly-emerging designer drugs, but does not detect structurally-similar non-cathinone compounds or common cutting agents. Moreover, we demonstrate that the Cy7-displacement colorimetric assay is more sensitive than a conventional strand-displacement fluorescence assay. We believe our strategy offers an effective generalized approach for the development of sensitive dye-displacement colorimetric assays for other small-molecule targets.
Development of Targeted Therapies Based on Gene Modification

With the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and the demand for a personalized healthcare system, the fields of precision medicine and gene therapy are advancing in new directions. There is a push to identify genes that contribute to disease development, either alone or in conjunction with other genes or environmental factors, and then design targeted therapies based on this knowledge, rather than the traditional approach of treating generalized symptoms with pharmaceuticals in a one-size-fits-all manner. Identification of genes that contribute to disease pathogenesis and progression is critical for the maturation of the precision medicine field. Concomitant with a better understanding of disease pathology, precision medicine approaches can be adopted with greater confidence and are expected to lead to a new standard for clinical practice. In this chapter, we provide a brief introduction to precision medicine, discuss the importance of identifying genes and genetic variants that contribute to disease development and progression, offer examples of approaches that can be applied to treat specific diseases, and present some of the current challenges and limitations of precision medicine.
Online student perceptions of engagement, transactional distance, and outcomes

This study explores student perceptions of engagement, transactional distance, and outcomes in online courses. Researchers also investigated linkages between these elements. Data were collected fro...
“Realities from the unconscious” or “Reprogramming digital sub(con)texts”

McLuhan described the possibilities of man to expand the world by means of media: Parts of the human body may be amputated and replaced with extensions like wheels, cameras or permanent clothing. The most radical extensions so far are games which manage to work practically self-sufficiently: (Game-) Worlds which may remind us of Dr. Daniel Schreber’s “Aufzeichnungen eines Nervenkranken” (Recordings of a nerve patient). But what is it we neglect to see or displace in those media systems? How can we render those magic borders visible which surround each game and medium, how can we capture their rules and make them even playable?
The Landsat system

To this point the discussion has focused entirely on conventional aerial photo-interpretation techniques and for good reason — the bulk of remote sensing data used by land planners is acquired from conventional aerial photos. There is one other system whose products have proved to be of value, particularly when information is needed over large areas. Landsat is an earth-orbiting satellite system which acquires multispectral data of the earth’s surface on a continuous basis. Since the program’s inception in 1972, Landsat (actually five separate satellites) has acquired the equivalent of millions of frames of information and continues to do so. Landsat data have already become important for geologic exploration, crop production estimates and rangeland management.