cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Behavioral and Brain Imaging Changes in Patients Receiving Bright Light Therapy Following a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) (S49.003)

Objective: We hypothesized that morning blue light therapy (MBLT) will cause changes in the brain’s function and structure that align with improved cognitive performance, mood, and sleep in patients recovering from an mTBI. Background: Patients who suffer an mTBI may develop post-concussion syndrome symptoms including issues with concentration, mood, and sleep. Research shows that morning blue light exposure leads to regular entrainment of one’s circadian rhythm, resulting in improved sleep efficiency and daytime alertness. Design/Methods: In this double-blind randomized control trial, thirty-one participants with sleep disturbances following documented mTBI in the past 18 months were assigned to the active treatment of MBLT (7M, 8F, mean age = 23 ± 7.5 years) or placebo condition of amber light therapy (ALT) (7M, 9F, mean age = 23 ± 7.1 years). Neurocognitive testing and brain magnetic resonance imaging were conducted at baseline and after 6 weeks of treatment. Results: In the MBLT group, voxel based morphometry showed increased gray matter volume in the left ( p ( p=.009) between pre-and post treatment. Resting state functional connectivity demonstrated a significant positive correlation between the pulvinar and parietal area in the left (p-FDR=.003) and right (p-FDR Conclusions: MBLT appears to promote structural and functional pathways within the visuospatial processing system after an mTBI. The improvement in the brain’s functional and structural strength, daytime alertness, mood, and neurocognitive performance suggests MBLT may be an effective and safe non-pharmacological treatment for mTBI. Disclosure: Dr. Shane has nothing to disclose. Dr. Vanuk has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bajaj has nothing to disclose. Dr. Millan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Killgore has nothing to disclose.
Abstract P233: Correlations Between Grocery Purchase Quality Index Scores and Healthy Eating Index Scores Vary by Demographics and Shopping Habits

Introduction: The Grocery Purchase Quality Index (GPQI) is a new, objective diet quality index that assesses adherence of household grocery purchases to the US Dietary Guidelines. Currently, little...
Tumor Lysis Syndrome after Hepatic Artery Embolization in a Patient with Neuroendocrine Tumor of Unknown Primary.

While tumor lysis syndrome is a relatively common oncologic emergency that may occur spontaneously or resulting from cancer directed therapy, it is relatively unusual occurrence in solid tumors, especially neuroendocrine tumors. It is also particularly rare after hepatic trans-arterial embolization. We report a case of a 60-year-old man who had hepatic trans-arterial embolization for metastatic neuroendocrine tumor of the liver of unknown primary, who developed tumor lysis along with post-embolization syndrome. He received aggressive intravenous fluid resuscitation, allopurinol and rasburicase for his tumor lysis syndrome but subsequently had acute renal failure for which he underwent renal replacement therapy. The patient responded well to treatment with complete resolution of his post-embolization syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome and acute renal failure. Our case report highlights the need to consider tumor lysis syndrome in solid tumors. It should be readily recognized and treated given the associated high risk of morbidity and mortality.
Trade-offs between reproductive and somatic (storage) investments in animals: a comparative test of the Van Noordwijk and De Jong model

Classical life-history theory predicts ‘trade-offs’ between reproductive and somatic investments. However, empirical studies have shown that intraspecific phenotypic correlations between these two resource investments are often positive or nonsignificant, rather than negative as predicted. The model of Van Noordwijk and De Jong (1986) was proposed to explain these unexpected results. According to their model, positive correlations between reproductive and somatic investments will result if individual variation in resource acquisition exceeds that of resource allocation, whereas negative correlations will result if individual variation in resource allocation exceeds that of resource acquisition. To test this model, I used body storage/condition as an index of somatic investment because it is usually strongly related to level of resource acquisition. I predicted that laboratory studies should more often show negative correlations between reproductive and somatic investments than field studies, because individual variation in resource acquisition is expected to be lower in controlled laboratory environments than in variable natural environments. A literature review revealed that correlations between somatic (storage) investment and reproductive investment (estimated as clutch/litter mass, number of offspring per clutch/litter, or number of clutches/litters) among conspecific breeding female animals are more often positive (15 species) or nonsignificant (17 species) than negative (6 species). Moreover, as expected, five of six negative correlations were observed in laboratory studies, whereas 13 of 15 positive correlations were observed in field studies. It is concluded that future empirical and theoretical work on life histories should consider individual variation in both resource acquisition and allocation and the interaction between the two.
Featured counter-trafficking program: The CAREs clinic, a primary care medical home for commercially exploited youth.

Abstract This invited article is one of several comprising part of a special issue of Child Abuse and Neglect focused on child trafficking and health. The purpose of each invited article is to describe a specific program serving trafficked children. Featuring these programs is intended to raise awareness of innovative counter-trafficking strategies emerging worldwide and facilitate collaboration on program development and outcomes research. This article describes a medical home model of care to serve the complex medical and mental health needs of commercially sexually exploited youth. Located in Washington D.C., US, it provides coordinated ongoing primary, mental health, and reproductive health care in a trauma-informed manner. Serving 62 youth during its first year, the medical home has begun to improve access to high-quality healthcare to a very vulnerable population.
Characterization of a live-attenuated HCMV-based vaccine platform

Vaccines based on cytomegalovirus (CMV) demonstrate protection in animal models of infectious disease and cancer. Vaccine efficacy is associated with the ability of CMV to elicit and indefinitely maintain high frequencies of circulating effector memory T cells (TEM) providing continuous, life-long anti-pathogen immune activity. To allow for the clinical testing of human CMV (HCMV)-based vaccines we constructed and characterized as a vector backbone the recombinant molecular clone TR3 representing a wildtype genome. We demonstrate that TR3 can be stably propagated in vitro and that, despite species incompatibility, recombinant TR3 vectors elicit high frequencies of TEM to inserted antigens in rhesus macaques (RM). Live-attenuated versions of TR3 were generated by deleting viral genes required to counteract intrinsic and innate immune responses. In addition, we eliminated subunits of a viral pentameric glycoprotein complex thus limiting cell tropism. We show in a humanized mouse model that such modified vectors were able to establish persistent infection but lost their ability to reactivate from latency. Nevertheless, attenuated TR3 vectors preserved the ability to elicit and maintain TEM to inserted antigens in RM. We further demonstrate that attenuated TR3 can be grown in approved cell lines upon elimination of an anti-viral host factor using small interfering RNA, thus obviating the need for a complementing cell line. In sum, we have established a versatile platform for the clinical development of live attenuated HCMV-vectored vaccines and immunotherapies.
Recurrent primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) treated with pemetrexed

2086 Introduction: Untreated, survival in PCNSL is approximately 2 months. However using high dose methotrexate based regimens, median survival is up to 60 months. A significant number of patients ...
CLINICAL USE, INSURANCE APPROVAL, AND LIPID LOWERING OF PCSK9 INHIBITORS IN A LARGE HEALTH SYSTEM

PCSK9i (protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors) were approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2015. The approved indications included the treatment of clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) when additional lowering of low
Effects of increased lysine and energy feeding duration prior to parturition on sow and litter performance, piglet survival, and colostrum quality.

A total of 467 sows were used to evaluate the effect of feeding duration of increased lysine (Lys) and metabolizable energy (ME) prior to farrowing on sow and litter performance, piglet survival, and colostrum quality. Sows were blocked by body weight (BW) and parity category on day 106 of gestation and allotted to one of three dietary regimens starting on day 107 of gestation: 1) Control: 2.0 kg/d gestation feed (12.5 g standardized ileal digestible [SID] Lys and 6.5 Mcal ME) until day 113 of gestation, then 2.7 kg/d lactation feed (28 g SID Lys and 9.4 Mcal ME) until parturition; 2) 2.0 kg/d gestation feed (12.5 g SID Lys and 6.5 Mcal ME) until day 113 of gestation, then 3.8 kg/d lactation feed (40 g SID Lys and 13.3 Mcal ME) until parturition; or 3) 3.8 kg/d lactation feed (40 g SID Lys and 13.3 Mcal ME) until parturition. Data were analyzed for treatment within parity effects using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Increasing the duration of feeding additional Lys and ME increased (P 0.05) for the difference in piglet BiWt in sows or weaning weight in gilts and sows. Piglet mortality after cross-fostering to weaning was decreased (P 0.05) piglet colostrum intake or colostrum yield. There was also no evidence for difference (P > 0.05) among regimens in wean-to-estrus interval, subsequent farrowing rate, or subsequent litter characteristics. In conclusion, feeding increased Lys and ME prior to farrowing increased BW and backfat. Feeding increased Lys and ME when gilts were moved into the farrowing room increased BiWt, but reduced litter growth to weaning, with little evidence that sow performance was influenced in this study.
Estimated televised alcohol advertising exposure in the past year and associations with past 30‐day drinking behavior among American adults: results from a secondary analysis of large‐scale advertising and survey data

AIMS To estimate the volume of past-year televised alcohol advertising exposure by product category and demographic group among adults living in the United States and test associations between estimated alcohol advertising exposure and past 30-day drinking behavior. DESIGN Secondary analysis of data from two national-level US data sets: Kantar data on appearances of televised alcohol advertisements and data from the Simmons National Consumer Survey (NCS), a large national mail survey on television viewing patterns and consumer behavior. SETTING United States. PARTICIPANTS A total of 54 671 adults, aged 21 years and older, who were randomly selected to participate in the Simmons NCS. MEASUREMENTS Estimated exposure to televised advertisements for beer, wine and spirits, self-reported alcohol use in the past year and number of drinks consumed in the past 30 days. FINDINGS The average respondent was exposed to an estimated 576 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 570-582] televised alcohol advertisements in the year preceding their survey. Exposure was higher among males versus females and African Americans versus whites. A 1% increase in the estimated volume of advertisement exposure was associated with a 0.11 (95% CI = 0.08-0.13) percentage point increase in the odds of having at least one drink in the last 30 days and, among past 30-day drinkers, a 0.05 (95% CI = 0.04-0.07) per cent increase in the number of alcoholic drinks consumed. Associations were consistent across product categories and demographics. CONCLUSIONS There appears to be a small but consistent positive association between alcohol advertising exposure and drinking behavior among American adults.
Risk of Ischemic Stroke Increases Over the Spectrum of Metabolic Syndrome Severity

Background and Purpose: Ischemic stroke is associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) as diagnosed using dichotomous criteria; however, these criteria exhibit racial/ethnic discrepancies. Our go...
Topological obstructed atomic limit insulators by annihilating Dirac fermions

We show that annihilating a pair of Dirac fermions implies a topological transition from the critical semimetallic phase to an obstructed atomic limit insulator phase instead of a trivial insulator. This is shown to happen because of branch cuts in the phase of the wave functions, leading to nontrivial Zak phase along certain directions. To this end, we study their ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ invariant and also study the phase transition using entanglement entropy. We use low-energy Hamiltonians and numerical result from model systems to show this effect. These transitions are observed in realistic materials, including strained graphene and buckled honeycomb group V (Sb/As).
Negative urgency and alcohol-related problems: indirect links with alcohol expectancies and drinking motives.

Negative Urgency (NU), the tendency to act rashly during negative emotional states, is associated with alcohol misuse through various alcohol cognitions; however, these relationships are often exam...
Multimodal Fusion of Physiological Signals and Facial Action Units for Pain Recognition

In this paper, we propose a method for pain recognition by fusing physiological signals (heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, and electrodermal activity) and facial action units. We provide experimental validation that the fusion of these signals results in a positive impact to the accuracy of pain recognition, compared to using only one modality (i.e. physiological or action units). These experiments are conducted on subjects from the BP4D+ multimodal emotion corpus, and include same- and cross-gender experiments. We also investigate the correlation between the two modalities to gain further insight into applications of pain recognition. Results suggest the need for larger and more varied datasets that include physiological signals and action units that have been coded for all facial frames.
The unequal impact of parenthood in academia

Across academia, men and women tend to publish at unequal rates. Existing explanations include the potentially unequal impact of parenthood on scholarship, but a lack of appropriate data has prevented its clear assessment. Here, we quantify the impact of parenthood on scholarship using an extensive survey of the timing of parenthood events, longitudinal publication data, and perceptions of research expectations among 3064 tenure-track faculty at 450 Ph.D.-granting computer science, history, and business departments across the United States and Canada, along with data on institution-specific parental leave policies. Parenthood explains most of the gender productivity gap by lowering the average short-term productivity of mothers, even as parents tend to be slightly more productive on average than nonparents. However, the size of productivity penalty for mothers appears to have shrunk over time. Women report that paid parental leave and adequate childcare are important factors in their recruitment and retention. These results have broad implications for efforts to improve the inclusiveness of scholarship.
Electrodeposition of Cu(111) onto a Ru(0001) seed layer for epitaxial Cu interconnects

The electrodeposition of Cu onto epitaxial Ru(0001) seed layers was investigated from a sulfuric acid-based solution containing dilute copper(II) sulfate and chloride ions. Using galvanostatic deposition at −350 μA/cm2, Cu was deposited epitaxially onto a 30 nm-thick Ru(0001) seed layer, despite a compressive misfit strain between −6.9% and −8.3%, depending on the extent of strain relaxation of the Ru layer. However, rather than depositing as a single crystal, Cu grew as a bicrystal having a common out-of-plane orientation of Cu(111) and two equivalent in-plane orientations. The Cu grain size was large, on the order of micrometers, and the grain boundaries were identified as incoherent ∑3{211} twin boundaries. The Cu initially grew as isolated islands, coalescing into a contiguous film at thicknesses around 50 nm. The Cu film was rough, and thickness and coverage varied over the electrodeposited region. After the initial island growth, Cu void fraction and film roughness both decreased with thickness as the deposit transitioned into a planar film with nanometric islands growing on the film surface. However, at thicknesses exceeding 200 nm, anisotropic growth of large, faceted Cu islands on the planar Cu film again increased the surface roughness. The epitaxially deposited Cu bicrystal showed an improvement in resistivity when compared with polycrystalline Cu similarly electrodeposited onto a polycrystalline Ru seed.
Assimilating satellite-based soil moisture observations in a land surface model: The effect of spatial resolution

Abstract This article focuses on developing a data assimilation system that combines the modeled surface moisture estimates and satellite observations. Specifically, model states simulated by the Noah-MP land surface model are updated using an Ensemble Kalman Filter with products from the NASA SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive) satellite mission. The land surface model is run on two different regular grids, one at 12.5 km and the other at 500 m to produce surface and root zone soil moisture estimates across Oklahoma during April-July 2015. In the first case, the model was forced with the NLDAS-2 (North America Land Data Assimilation System) dataset and in the second with a downscaled version of the same dataset. Ground observations from the Oklahoma Mesonet network are compared to surface and root zone soil moisture output simulated by three different Noah-MP model runs i) an open loop simulation (in which no satellite data are assimilated); ii) assimilation of the 36 km SMAP radiometer-only product, and iii) assimilation of the 9 km SMAP radiometer-radar combined product. Results show that SMAP soil moisture retrievals improve the model performance (i.e., with respect to the open loop run) and that forcing the land surface model with higher resolution atmospheric forcings yields higher correlations and smaller errors in soil moisture simulations with respect to the original NLDAS-2 dataset. Although root zone soil moisture is not directly assimilated (since satellite observations are limited to the top 5 cm of the soil column), the assimilation of SMAP products at the surface is transferred to lower layers by the modeled physical processes and is shown to improve root zone soil moisture estimates as well.
Immigrant Contributions to American Culture

How the contemporary cohort of immigrants will impact American culture has become a source of anxiety in recent years (Brimelow 1995; Geyer 1996; Lamm and Imhoff 1985; Huntington 2004; Swain 2007). While universal agreement is lacking, rough outlines for the American culture are identified in the Political Science literature (Toqueville 1945; Commager 1950; Hartz 1955; Patterson 1968; Gastil 1975; Smith 1988; Ellis 1993; Koven 1999, 25–46).
Hepcidin and Host Defense against Infectious Diseases

Hepcidin is the master regulator of iron homeostasis in vertebrates. The synthesis of hepcidin is induced by systemic iron levels and by inflammatory stimuli. While the role of hepcidin in iron regulation is well established, its contribution to host defense is emerging as complex and multifaceted. In this review, we summarize the literature on the role of hepcidin as a mediator of antimicrobial immunity. Hepcidin induction during infection causes depletion of extracellular iron, which is thought to be a general defense mechanism against many infections by withholding iron from invading pathogens. Conversely, by promoting iron sequestration in macrophages, hepcidin may be detrimental to cellular defense against certain intracellular infections, although critical in vivo studies are needed to confirm this concept. It is not yet clear whether hepcidin exerts any iron-independent effects on host defenses.
On Beccaria, the Economics of Crime, and the Philosophy of Punishment

This paper explores the influence of Cesare Beccaria's "On Crime and Punishments" on economists who study criminal behavior and the criminal law, particularly in the area of punishment, paying close attention to the aspects of Beccaria's thought that economists missed. The paper begins with a discussion of their shared utilitarianism, emphasizing Beccaria’s greater psychological depth. Next, it discusses the different ways they emphasize the proportionality of punishment. Finally, it explores Beccaria’s approach to deterrence, which is more complex than that found in the economics of crime, and also his embrace of some tenets of retributivism, which I believe economists would do well to emulate.
Dual Class IPOs, Share Recapitalizations, and Unifications: A Theoretical Analysis

We analyze a firm's choice between dual class and single class share structures, either at IPO or subsequently, prior to an SEO. We consider an entrepreneur (incumbent) who obtains both security benefits and private benefits of control, and who wishes to sell equity to outsiders to raise financing to implement his firm's project. The incumbent may be either talented (lower cost of effort, comparative advantage in implementing projects) or untalented: the incumbent's ability is private information, with outsiders observing only a prior probability that he is talented (his reputation). The firm's project may be either long-term (intrinsically more valuable, but showing less signs of success in the short run) or short-term (faster resolution of uncertainty). Thus, under a single class share structure, an incumbent has a greater chance of losing control to potential rivals if he undertakes the long-term project, since outside equity holders may vote for the rival if they believe that the project is not progressing well. A dual class share structure allows the incumbent to have enough votes to prevail against any rival, but may be misused by untalented incumbents to dissipate value by not exerting effort. In equilibrium, the incumbent simultaneously chooses the IPO share structure (dual class or single class), project type (long-term or shortterm), and how much effort to exert. Our results help to explain firms' choices between dual class and single class IPOs and the relative post-IPO operating performance of dual class versus single class IPO firms. We also characterize the situations under which a firm will undergo a share unification or a dual class recapitalization, the announcement effect of these events on the firm's equity, and their effect on its subsequent operating performance. Finally, our model provides testable predictions for the conditions under which firms will include stronger antitakeover provisions in their corporate charters and the relationship between the prevalence of such provisions in a firm's charter and its post-IPO operating performance.
Electronic health records: A simulation model to measure the adoption rate from policy interventions

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand one aspect of electronic health record adoption by studying the impact of policy interventions on the adoption among hospitals, physicians and patients, using a system dynamics simulation model.Design/methodology/approach – A system dynamics simulation model of the existing distribution network was built. Policy experiments were conducted to compare the performance of each.Findings – Using data from the Greater Capital Region, Northern New York State, the findings from the simulation experiments suggest that while there is no single right intervention, a combination of measures can promote the adoption of electronic health records by different stakeholders.Research limitations/implications – The results are based on simplified operational and structural assumptions regarding the diffusion of electronic health records among stakeholder groups. Some of the variables are based on theoretical rather than quantifiable values.Social implications – The results...
The Use of DNA Probes in Dental Diagnosis and Therapy

Recombinant DNA technology now allows for the development of genetic probes specific for a growing number of etiologic disease agents, including those suspected pathogens in the oral environment. The increasing refinement of DNA probe methodologies and sensitivities will ultimately permit their commonplace use with clinical samples for the rapid identification of their bacterial compositions. The use of probe technology potentially offers a much more facile, accurate, and less time-consuming mechanism for the identification of fastidious micro-organisms from the oral cavity, many of which are laborious and difficult to cultivate.
Geometry of scour hole around, and the influence of the angle of attack on the burial of finite cylinders under combined flows

Abstract Experiments were conducted to investigate the geometry of the scour hole and flow structure around short cylinders under the action of waves alone (WA) and combined flows (CF). The study is aimed at better understanding the dynamics of isolated objects on a sandy floor under oscillatory flows as occurs in shallow water regions in coastal areas. Flow velocities within the fluid core were recorded and 3D mapping of the bottom was performed with sub-aquatic acoustic sensors. Experiments were conducted for cylinder Reynolds wave number and Keulegan-Carpenter number within the ranges 104⩽Re⩽1.7×105 and 2⩽KC⩽71, respectively. The present experimental evidence shows that the geometric characteristics of the scour hole (length and width) depend primarily on the Keulegan-Carpenter number (KC) and the cylinder aspect ratio ( a r = L c / D ). The effect of variation in the angle of attack of the flow with respect to the cylinder main axis was also investigated. Initial orientations of zero and ninety degrees were found to be stable while cylinders with intermediate initial orientations tended to orientate their main axes perpendicular to the flow direction. The final angle of orientation was found to be primarily a function of the Shields parameter, θ, and the initial angle of attack, αi.
Matrix protein gene expression in intervertebral disc cells subjected to altered osmolarity.

Physiologic loading of the intervertebral disc may lead to changes in the osmotic pressure experienced by the resident cells. In this study, changes in gene expression levels for extracellular matrix and cytoskeletal proteins were quantified in disc cells subjected to hypo-osmotic (255 mOsm) or hyper-osmotic conditions (450 mOsm), relative to iso-osmotic conditions (293 mOsm). Important differences were observed in osmolarity and between cells of different regions, corresponding to the transition zone and nucleus pulposus. Under hypo-osmotic conditions, gene expressions for aggrecan and type II collagen were up-regulated in the transition zone, but not in the nucleus pulposus cells. Genes for the small proteoglycans, biglycan, and decorin, but not lumican, were up-regulated in transition zone cells following incubation in either hypo- or hyper-osmotic media. The same genes were down-regulated in nucleus pulposus cells under either hypo- or hyper-osmotic conditions. Differences in the response to altered osmolarity between cells of the intervertebral disc may relate to their different cytoskeletal structures or embryological origins.
Effect of head movement on the localization of sounds in the equatorial plane

Five experiments examined the effect of head movement on the localization of sound sources in the equatorial plane. Under most conditions, head movement produces poorer localization for sound sources in the equatorial plane. Only one condition demonstrated an improvement in localization with head movement. The sound source was located toward the side of the head and the source duration was long enough to permit reorientation of the position of the head with re-spect to the sound source.
Quantification of Numerical Stiffness for a Unified Viscoplastic Constitutive Model

Here the question of numerical stiffness pertaining to a unified viscoplastic constitutive model is examined. The viewpoint maintained throughout this study is the state variable approach. Stiffness is quantified by examining, analytically, the eigenvalues of the associated Jacobian matrix. Specific results, in the form of stiffness contours, for the material parameters characterizing the copper alloy NARloy-Z are presented in the associated uniaxial state space. The results indicate that the potential for numerical stiffness does exist, however the severity is highly dependent upon the location of the state point within the state space. Finally a qualitative analogy between the maximum difference in stiffness indicating eigenvalues and the G vectors of the corresponding state space is suggested.
Representations of God uncovered in a spirituality group of borderline inpatients.

AbstractWe present aspects of a psychoanalytically-oriented, exploratory spirituality group for nine female psychiatric inpatients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. Through drawings and group process, the patients uncovered and elaborated on their representations of God. Two patterns of representations were identified: (1) representations of a punitive, judgmental, rigid God that seemed directly to reflect and correspond with parental representations and (2) representations of a depersonified, inanimate, abstract God entailing aspects of idealization that seemed to compensate for parental representations. Interestingly, the second pattern was associated with comorbid narcissistic features in the patients. Those patients who presented punitive God representations were able to begin the process of re–creating these representations toward more benign or benevolent images in the context of this group, while those participants who presented depersonified God representations seemed unable to do so.
2,2':6',2"-Terpyridine 1,1"-dioxide dihydrate

The title compound, C15H11N3O3·2H2O, crystallizes with ter­pyridine dioxide mol­ecules positioned on mirror planes in the space group Pnma. Catemeric assemblages of ter­pyridine mol­ecules [C—H⋯−O—+N = 3.386 (4) A] are linked by bridging water mol­ecules [C—H⋯O = 3.288 (4) and 3.386 (4) A; O—H⋯−O—+N = 2.837 (3) and 2.878 (4) A], giving stacks of two-dimensional undulating motifs.
Numerical Simulation of Low-Frequency Current Fluctuations in Lake Michigan

Abstract Two simple numerical models have been used to study the low-frequency (<0.6 cpd) current oscillations observed in Lake Michigan in order to learn more about what really limits our ability to simulate currents in large lakes. Both are based on the barotropic vorticity equation with the rigid-lid approximation. One model used observed wind to calculate the time-dependent response of the lake for eight months in 1976. The results agree reasonably well with observed currents, but only in the frequency range corresponding to the maximum energy in the forcing function, approximately 0.125–0.3 cpd. Over this frequency range, peaks in the energy spectrum of the forcing function also occur in both the model response and the observed currents at the same frequencies. At lower and higher frequencies, the model underestimates the observed kinetic energy of the currents. The second model calculate the response of the lake to purely oscillatory wind forcing. From 0.125 to 0.3 cpd, the spatial structure of the ...
Use of solubility curves as a method to characterize phosphogypsum and its constituents

Abstract Phosphogypsum (PG), the by‐product of wet acid production of phosphoric acid from rock phosphate, is much more widely distributed than natural rock phosphate deposits. It is a major source of S and Ca for crops. It was found to be effective as a soil conditioner for sodic, solonets, and solonetzic soils and as an ameliorant for Al toxicity and subsoil acidity. In addition, it was found to be effective in promoting aggregation in hard‐setting clays and in subsoil hardpans. Unlike mine gypsum, PG contains impurities whose release into the soil and ground water need to be monitored. The results of this study show that use of solubility curves can be an effective method to characterize the solubility rates and solubility characteristics of PG and its constituents. Percentages of the total content of each element studied, namely: Ca, P, Al, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn, dissolved in Mehlich I solution were significantly correlated with the percent of PG dissolved. The solubility curves of Ca, P, and F in water ...
Electron to selectron pair conversion in a supersymmetric bubble with jet production by Bose enhancement

In the standard model, energy release in dense stars is severely restricted by the Pauli exclusion principle. However, if, in regions of space of high fermion degeneracy, there is a phase transition to a state of exact supersymmetry (SUSY), fermion to sfermion pair conversion followed by radiative transitions to the Bose ground state could lead to a highly collimated gamma ray burst. We calculate the cross section for $ee\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\stackrel{\texttildelow{}}{e}\stackrel{\texttildelow{}}{e}$ in a SUSY bubble and construct a monte carlo for the resulting sfermion amplification by stimulated emission.
Comparison of homogeneous and heterogeneous modeling of transient scattering from dispersive media directly in the time domain

Accurate modeling of pulse propagation and scattering in dispersive medium is a problem in many disciplines (i.e. electromagnetics and acoustics). The inclusion of an additional term in the wave equation (the derivative of the convolution between the causal time-domain propagation factor and the acoustic pressure) that takes into account the dispersive nature of the medium is utilized to make these problems tractable. The resulting modified wave equation (either homogeneous or heterogeneous) is applicable to either linear or non-linear propagation. For the case of an acoustic wave propagating in a two-dimensional heterogeneous dispersive medium, a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) representation of the modified linear wave equation can been used to solve for the acoustic pressure. The method is applied to the case of scattering from and propagating through a 2D infinitely long cylinder with real world material properties. It is found that ignoring the heterogeneity in the medium can lead to significant error in the propagated/scattered field.
Relationships between physical properties and structure of carotenes and colorless polyenes

Summary Relationships have been determined for carotenes and colorless polyenes between: 1. The shape of light-absorption curves and the extenson of conjugated double bonds into one and two rings, and the confinement of the bonds to an open-chain structure. 2. The longest wavelength-light absorption maxima and n and n′ . 3. The quantity of light absorbed and n . 4. The melting point and n . 5. The R f values and n for phytoene, phytofluene, and ζ-carotene. Equations for these relationships are presented.
Interspecific competition and coexistence between ants and land hermit crabs on small Bahamian islands

Numerous studies have demonstrated the existence of intra- and interspecific competition among ants, but few have investigated direct competitive interactions between ants and other taxa. In this paper, I present the first evidence of direct competitive interactions between ants and crabs. Evidence of competition for food between ants and the land hermit crab, Coenobita clypeatus (Herbst), was derived from observations and experiments in an archipelago of small islands in the central Exumas, Bahamas. Correlational evidence of competition for food based on occurrences at baits was found between ants and hermit crabs in multiple years. Observations at baits over time revealed species turnover occurred due to aggressive interactions. C. clypeatus discovered food items rapidly, but lost control of food over time, particularly to the ant Brachymyrmex obscurior Forel, which took longer to find food items but recruited large numbers of workers that drove off hermit crabs. A second ant species, Dorymyrmex pyramicus Roger, discovered baits quickly but did not recruit to baits in large numbers, and was not a superior competitor to either C. clypeatus or B. obscurior. Competition between ants and land hermit crabs was not intense enough to cause complementary distributions, and mechanisms of coexistence apparently include temporal variation in foraging activity and complementary foraging strategies when ants and crabs are active at the same time. Because of the widespread distributions and generalist scavenger diets of many ants and crabs, such competitive interactions are likely to be a common facet of many tropical and subtropical insular and coastal communities.
The International Federation of Automatic Control

The initials IFAC, standing for the International Federation of Automatic Control, are appearing more and more in the control systems literature these days. It is appropriate that readers of these TRAHSACTIONS be more fully aware of this organization in which they participate through the IRE's membership in the American Automatic Control Council. What are IFAC's purposes, who are its members, how does it operate, what has it accomplished? Now, after two years of existence for IFAC, these data are better known and have more significance.
Investigating verbal and visual auditory learning after conformal radiation therapy for childhood ependymoma.

Purpose The primary objective of this study was to determine whether children with localized ependymoma experience a decline in verbal or visual-auditory learning after conformal radiation therapy (CRT). The secondary objective was to investigate the impact of age and select clinical factors on learning before and after treatment. Methods and Materials Learning in a sample of 71 patients with localized ependymoma was assessed with the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT-C) and the Visual-Auditory Learning Test (VAL). Learning measures were administered before CRT, at 6 months, and then yearly for a total of 5 years. Results There was no significant decline on measures of verbal or visual-auditory learning after CRT; however, younger age, more surgeries, and cerebrospinal fluid shunting did predict lower scores at baseline. There were significant longitudinal effects (improved learning scores after treatment) among older children on the CVLT-C and children that did not receive pre-CRT chemotherapy on the VAL. Conclusion There was no evidence of global decline in learning after CRT in children with localized ependymoma. Several important implications from the findings include the following: ( 1 ) identification of and differentiation among variables with transient vs. long-term effects on learning, ( 2 ) demonstration that children treated with chemotherapy before CRT had greater risk of adverse visual-auditory learning performance, and ( 3 ) establishment of baseline and serial assessment as critical in ascertaining necessary sensitivity and specificity for the detection of modest effects.
Forced oscillations of chemical reactors with multiple steady states

Abstract The responses of nolinear reaction models to periodic forcing in parameter regions of steady-state multiplicity have been examined. Stroboscopic mappings and periodic stability (Floquet) theory were eployed to explore bifurcation phenomena and their dependence on forcing amplitude, frequency and mean. A common feature of such systems is the transition from one to three periodic states (two of them stable) in the amplitude-frequency plane when the mean falls within the multiple steady state region of the unforced system. Parameter regions of higher multiplicity were also observed in some systems. Periodic doubling cascades resulting in chaos frequently occurred in one or more stable responses, often occupying large regions of the excitation diagram. Typically, although not always, the period doubling curves extended to a cusp at zero frequency in the amplitude vs frequency bifurcation diagram. Postulations, supported by numerical evidence, have been made about the relationship between the observed forced behaviors and the autonomous characteristics of nonlinear ODE systems. There is apparently a strong correlation between the size of the period doubling ovals of the forced system and the degree of focal, as opposed to nodal, transient behavior inherent in the unforced system.
The Merits of Giving an Extra Credit Quiz

It is 9 am in the middle of the semester. Class does not start for another five minutes, yet students have already arrived. They are reviewing their notes, reading their textbooks, and asking quest...
Phytoplankton biomass in a subtropical estuary: Distribution, size composition, and carbon:Chlorophyll ratios

The seasonal pattern of phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll and particulate organic carbon) and the salinity-related pattern of phytoplankton biomass and size composition were determined in Apalachicola Bay, Florida, throughout 2004. Phytoplankton biomass was highest during summer and lowest during winter. During summer, phytoplankton biomass was highest in waters with salinity between about 5 and 23. In waters between 5 and 23, phytoplankton biomass was primarily (> 50%) composed of < 5 μm cells. The results from this study support the idea that a microbial food web characterizes mass and energy flow through the planktonic food web in Apalachicola Bay and other estuaries. During winter, the carbonxhlorophylla ratio averaged 56 ± 60 (standard deviation). During summer, the ratio ranged from 23 to 345, with highest values occurring in waters with salinity between about 8 and 22. The carbonxhlorophylla ratio was positively related to the percent of chlorophyll < 5 μm in size during summer.
Patient characteristics and physicians' practice activities for patients with chronic low back pain: A practice-based study of primary care and chiropractic physicians***★★★

Abstract Background: Chronic low back pain sufferers are among those who account for the greatest usage of health care resources. Primary care medical (MD) physicians and chiropractic (DC) physicians treat most of these patients. Objectives: To study patient characteristics and physician practice activities for patients with chronic low back pain treated by DC physicians and MD physicians. Methods: A longitudinal, practice-based observational study was undertaken in 14 general practice and 51 DC community-based clinics. A total of 2945 consecutive patients with ambulatory low back pain of mechanical origin were enrolled; 835 patients were in the chronic subgroup. Patients were followed for 12 months. Data were obtained on all of the following: patient demographics, health status, and psychosocial characteristics; history, duration, and severity of low back pain and disability; physicians' practice activities; and low back complaint status at 1 year. Results: Patients treated by MD physicians were younger and had lower incomes; their care was more often paid for by a third party; their baseline pain and disability were slightly greater. In addition, patients treated by MD physicians had one fourth as many visits as patients treated by DC physicians. Utilization of imaging procedures by enrolling physicians was equivalent for the two provider groups. Medications were prescribed for 80% of the patients enrolled by MD physicians; spinal manipulation was administered to 84% of patients enrolled by DC physicians. Physical modalities, self-care education, exercise, and postural advice characterized low back pain management in both provider groups. Patients' care-seeking was not exclusive to one provider type. Most patients experienced recurrences (patients treated by MD physicians, 59.3%; patients treated by DC physicians, 76.4%); 34.1% of patients treated by MD physicians and 12.7% of patients treated by DC physicians reported 12 months of continuous pain. Only 6.7% of patients treated by MD physicians and 10.9% of patients treated by DC physicians reported 1 resolved episode during the year. Conclusions: Differences in sociodemographics, present pain intensity, and functional disability may distinguish patients with chronic low back pain seeking care from primary care medical physicians from those seeking care from DC physicians. Although the primary treatment modality differs, the practice activities of MD physicians and DC physicians have much in common. Long-term evaluation suggests that chronic back pain is persistent and difficult to treat for both provider types. (J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2001;24:92-100)
Inhibition by serotonin of glutamine synthetase formation in cultured mouse cells strain L.

Abstract Serotonin in situ equally depresses both the transferase (γ-glutamyl transfer) and the synthetase (acyl activation)activities of glytamine synthetase in cultured mouse cells strain L grown in the absence of glutamine. When tested in vitro, serotonin has no effect on the corresponding reactions nor does it alter the percent of inhibition of these reactions by other inhibitors of glutamine synthetase. While serotonin precipitates the establishments of the depressive action of glutamine on glutamine synthetase, it does not alter the low steady net level of activity encountered upon prolonged incubations of the cells in the presence of glutamine. Serotonin eliminates the induction of glutamine synthetase by hydrocortisone and potentiates the depressive action of glutamine on the induced enzyme. Studies with protein synthesis inhibitors indicate that the action of serotonin on glutamine synthetase involves inhibition ofthe synthesis of the enzyme. The present findings provide a molecular basis for an antagonistic interaction of serotonin with other hormones in their influence on cellular information processes and open up a novel aspect in the biochemistry of certain central actions of serotonin.
A Possible Urinary Backflow to Ceca Revealed by Studies on Chicks with Artificial Anus and Fed Amprolium-C14 or Thiamine-C14

Abstract THE coccidiostat amprolium [l-(4-amino - 2 - n - propyl - 5 - pyrimidinyl-methyl)-2-picolinium chloride. HCl] has a mode of action involving thiamine metabolism (Rogers et al., 1960). Incorporation of excessive amounts of the drug in poultry rations produced a thiamine deficiency in chicks (Ott et al., 1960) and in hens and their eggs (Polin et al., 1962a, b). Investigations by Polin et al. (1963a) have revealed that the drug competes with thiamine for absorption in the duodenum, the section of the chicken intestine where both compounds were preferentially absorbed (Polin et al., 1963b, 1964). The remaining portion of the small intestine and ceca showed no absorptive capacity for amprolium, and only a slight absorptive capacity for thiamine in the section adjacent to the duodenum (Polin et al., 1963b, 1964). These investigators also observed (Polin et al., 1962c, 1964) that, in chicks fed amprolium-C14 or thiamine-C14, the C14 concentrations in …
Uncertainty, Fairness Perceptions, and Job Satisfaction: A Field Study

Following uncertainty management theory, we argue that when people face increased uncertainty, fairness becomes more important to them and judgments of fairness affect their reactions more strongly. The organizational field study reported here examines the effects of uncertainty about performance standards and appropriate behaviors on the relationship between fairness and job satisfaction. Results reveal that uncertainty moderates the positive relationship between fairness perceptions and job satisfaction such that the more uncertain people are about performance standards and appropriate behaviors, the stronger the relationship between fairness and job satisfaction. Further results reveal a significant moderating effect of uncertainty specifically for procedural fairness and interactional fairness. We discuss the implications of our findings for the uncertainty management model.