cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A school practitioner's guide to using daily behavior report cards to monitor student behavior

With the growing popularity of a response to intervention model of service delivery, the role of intervention management is becoming more prominent. Although many aspects of intervention management have received significant attention, one area that warrants further development involves feasible methods for monitoring student behavior in a formative fashion. By formative, we mean behavior that is frequently monitored, such as on a daily basis, with the premise that the information will be used to make appropriate intervention decisions. Within a problem-solving model of intervention development, implementation, and evaluation, at least one educational professional must be responsible for using an effective tool for monitoring behavior. Yet, identifying and using such a tool can be a challenge in applied settings in which resources are often limited. The purpose of this article is to briefly review available tools for behavior monitoring, with emphasis on reviewing the potential of the Daily Behavior Report Card to serve as a supportive methodology to more established measures of behavior assessment. Examples and guidelines for use of the Daily Behavior Report Card in behavior monitoring are provided. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 77–89, 2007.
A BEM formulation for anisotropic half-plane problems

Abstract This article presents a boundary element formulation for cracked anisotropic elastic half-planes and shows how the formulation can efficiently be applied to solve various practical problems. The complete Green's functions for the anisotropic half-plane are obtained and the corresponding boundary integral equations are derived. Also presented are particular solutions associated with the body force of gravity and farfield stresses, which are incorporated rigorously into the boundary element formulation by superposition. For half-plane problems, this new formulation is more efficient than the finite element method or even the boundary element formulation using Green's functions for the infinite plane. Numerical examples are presented for the calculation of the stresses and the stress intensity factors. For the isotropic case, our numerical results are in excellent agreement with those obtained with previously published analytical solutions. For the anisotropic case, our results show clearly that material anisotropy can have a great effect on the stress distribution and on the magnitude of stress intensity factors.
Heat transfer to a single particle exposed to a thermal plasma

This paper is concerned with an analytical study of the heat and mass transfer process of a single particle exposed to a thermal plasma, with emphasis on the effects which evaporation imposes on heat transfer from the plasma to the particle. The results refer mainly to an atmospheric-pressure argon plasma and, for comparison purposes, an argon-hydrogen mixture and a nitrogen plasma are also considered in a temperature range from 3000 to 16,000 K. Interactions with water droplets, alumina, tungsten, and graphite particles are considered in a range of small Reynolds numbers typical for plasma processing of fine powders. Comparisons between exact solutions of the governing equations and approximate solutions indicate the parameter range for which approximate solutions are valid. The time required for complete evaporation of a given particle can be determined from calculated values of the vaporization constant. This constant is mainly determined by the boiling (or sublimation) temperature of the particles and the density of the condensed phase. Evaporation severely reduces heat transfer to a particle and, in general, this effect is more pronounced for materials with low latent heat of evaporation.
The Spherical Harmonics Discrete Ordinate Method for Three-Dimensional Atmospheric Radiative Transfer

Abstract A new algorithm for modeling radiative transfer in inhomogeneous three-dimensional media is described. The spherical harmonics discrete ordinate method uses a spherical harmonic angular representation to reduce memory use and time computing the source function. The radiative transfer equation is integrated along discrete ordinates through a spatial grid to model the streaming of radiation. An adaptive grid approach, which places additional points where they are most needed to improve accuracy, is implemented. The solution method is a type of successive order of scattering approach or Picard iteration. The model computes accurate radiances or fluxes in either the shortwave or longwave regions, even for highly peaked phase functions. Broadband radiative transfer is computed efficiently with a k distribution. The results of validation tests and examples illustrating the efficiency and accuracy of the algorithm are shown for simple geometries and realistic simulated clouds.
A model of pecan tree growth for the management of pruning and irrigation

Pecans (Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch) are an important cash crop in arid south- western USA. The pecan is an alternate bearing tree and its water use is greater than that of most row crops. Irrigation, pruning amount, and timing must be effectively managed to reduce alternate bearing for maximum profits. A simulation model of pecan growth and yield is a potential tool for managing irrigation and pruning amounts and timing. An object- based pecan growth model was developed and validated to simulate daily pecan tree dry matter production, biomass allocation to leaves, nuts, trunk, and branches, and alternate bearing according to inputs of weather data, soil condition, irrigation, and pruning opera- tions. Daily dry matter production per unit of evapotranspiration (water use efficiency) was calculated as a function of average vapor pressure deficit. Biomass allocation functions were derived from tree growth measurements at an orchard near Las Cruces, NM. Alternate bearing was simulated as a function of the level of root starch reserves. It was theorized that the setting of pistillate flowers and subsequent nut yields are proportional to the level of root starch reserves in the preceding dormant phase (winter). Mathematical functions for the effects of irrigation and pruning on tree growth and yield were derived from the literature and available data. The model was calibrated using 2002, historical, and literature data and validated against 2003 and 2004 data obtained from a mature pecan (Western Schley cultivar) orchard near Las Cruces, NM. Overall accuracy was above 89% for simulated total dry matter production, nut yield, tree height, and diameter at breast height (DBH). This model was found to adequately simulate the effects of climate, irrigation, and pruning on pecan tree growth, nut yield, and alternate bearing. It can potentially be used to schedule
Depth from defocus by changing camera aperture: a spatial domain approach

The application of a new spatial-domain convolution/deconvolution transform (S transform) for determining the distance of objects using image defocus is described. The method, known as STMAP, involves simple local operations on only two images taken with different aperture diameters and can be easily implemented in parallel. Both images can be arbitrarily blurred, and neither of them needs to be a focused image taken with a pin-hole camera. STMAP is implemented on an actual camera system named the Stonybrook Passive Autofocusing and Ranging Camera System (SPARCS). Experimental results on real-world planar objects are presented. The results indicate that STMAP is useful in practical applications. The utility of the method is demonstrated for rapid autofocusing of electronic cameras. STMAP is computationally more efficient than other depth-from-focus methods. The results are comparable to a Fourier-transform-based approach. >
Simulation-Based Methods for Interpreting X-Ray Data from Lipid Bilayers

The fully hydrated liquid crystalline phase of the dimyristoylphosphatidycholine lipid bilayer at 30°C was simulated using molecular dynamics with the CHARMM potential for five surface areas per lipid (A) in the range 55–65 A2 that brackets the previously determined experimental area 60.6 A2. The results of these simulations are used to develop a new hybrid zero-baseline structural model, denoted H2, for the electron density profile, ρ(z), for the purpose of interpreting x-ray diffraction data. H2 and also the older hybrid baseline model were tested by fitting to partial information from the simulation and various constraints, both of which correspond to those available experimentally. The A, ρ(z), and F(q) obtained from the models agree with those calculated directly from simulation at each of the five areas, thereby validating this use of the models. The new H2 was then applied to experimental dimyristoylphosphatidycholine data; it yields A = 60.6 ± 0.5 A2, in agreement with the earlier estimate obtained using the hybrid baseline model. The electron density profiles also compare well, despite considerable differences in the functional forms of the two models. Overall, the simulated ρ(z) at A = 60.7 A2 agrees well with experiment, demonstrating the accuracy of the CHARMM lipid force field; small discrepancies indicate targets for improvements. Lastly, a simulation-based model-free approach for obtaining A is proposed. It is based on interpolating the area that minimizes the difference between the experimental F(q) and simulated F(q) evaluated for a range of surface areas. This approach is independent of structural models and could be used to determine structural properties of bilayers with different lipids, cholesterol, and peptides.
Synthesis: a new project for the Journal of Applied Physiology.

> “The combining of often diverse conceptions into a coherent whole” > “The dialectic combination of thesis and antithesis into a higher stage of truth” > —thank you Merriam-Webster ( Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, 1983) at its recent
Future Life Goals of HIV-Positive Gay and Bisexual Male Emerging Adults

This qualitative study explores the future life goals reported by a sample of HIV-positive gay/bisexual male emerging adults. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 54 participants ages 17-24 at four geographically and demographically diverse adolescent HIV medicine programs to explore the content of participants’ goals, perceived obstacles and sources of resilience. We provide descriptive data on goals articulated by participants to begin to understand (1) how gay male emerging adults may differ from the heteronormative samples that have characterized most research on emerging adulthood to date, (2) how living with HIV/AIDS may impact the future life goals of this population, and (3) implications for HIV/AIDS service providers as HIV-positive emerging adults are transitioned from adolescent to adult care.
Formation and Properties of Thermosetting and High T g Systems

A review of research in the author’s laboratory on the conversion of reactive liquids to amorphous polymeric glasses is presented. Interrelationships between reactants, reaction conditions, and subsequent material properties of thermosetting and high Tg polymers are discussed from the point of view of a generalized time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagram. The TBA torsion pendulum is discussed as a technique for characterizing such polymeric systems.
Megaplex Cross-linking of Airports System (MCAS)

The Port Authority of New York-New Jersey (PANYNJ) operates a network of four airports (John F. Kennedy, LaGuardia, Newark Liberty and Stewart) that serve everyone within a 60-mile radius region from downtown Manhattan. The growing passenger demand calls for an increase in future coordination of aircraft movements in the nearly saturated hub airports in this region. This study evaluates the alternative of integrating the cluster of airports being operated in the New York and New Jersey region into a virtual airport hub. A new, inter-airport transportation system could provide the PANYNJ airports the flexibility to act like different terminals of one huge airport located around the NY-NJ region. Currently passengers who need to commute between the clusters of airports in New York City with connecting flights are faced with delay issues due to the congestion on the roads. This study looks at efficient transit opportunities for passengers within this virtual hub via rail and helicopter transit modes. MCAS is evaluated against the current system using a multi-attribute utility function to identify its utility.
Cognitive Requirements for Vestibular and Ocular Motor Processing in Healthy Adults and Patients with Unilateral Vestibular Lesions

This study investigated the role of cognition in the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and ocular pursuit using a dual-task paradigm in patients with unilateral peripheral vestibular loss and healthy adults. We hypothesized that cognitive resources are involved in successful processing and integration of vestibular and ocular motor sensory information, and this requirement would be greater in patients with vestibular dysfunction. Sixteen well-compensated patients with surgically confirmed absent unilateral peripheral vestibular function and 16 healthy age- and sex-matched controls underwent seven combinations of vestibular-only, visual-only, and visual–vestibular stimuli while performing three different information processing tasks. Visual–vestibular stimuli included a semicircular canal and an otolith stimulus provided through seated chair rotations; fixation on a laser target and sinusoidal smooth pursuit while still; and fixation on a head-fixed laser target during chair rotations. The information processing tasks were three different auditory reaction time (RT) tasks: (1) simple RT, (2) disjunctive RT, and (3) choice RT. Our results showed increases in RTs in both patients and controls under all vestibular-only stimulation conditions and during ocular pursuit. Patients showed greater increases in RTs during vestibular stimulation and the more complex disjunctive and choice RT tasks. No differences between the groups were found during the visual-only or visual–vestibular interaction conditions. These results reveal interference between vestibulo-ocular processing and a concurrent RT task, suggesting that the VOR and the ocular motor system are dependent upon cognitive resources to some extent, and thus, are not fully automatic systems. We speculate that this interference with cognition occurs as a result of the sensory integration required for resolving inputs from multiple sensory streams. The particularly large decrement in information processing task performance of the patients compared with controls during vestibular stimulation suggests that compensation for unilateral vestibular loss requires continued cognitive resources.
Partially adaptive array techniques

The selection of auxiliary elements for partially adaptive antenna arrays for the purpose of optimizing performance in a multiple narrow-band jammer environment is studied. An explicit solution for the two-jammer problem is derived. This case is sufficient to illustrate the interaction of multiple jammers and at the same time affords a degree of understanding of more complex problems. Computer solutions are also presented and discussed for several line array and planar array configurations.
Design of tracking control laws using nonlinear aircraft models

For advanced fighter aircraft, a broad spectrum of requirements and specifications have being achieved by designing advanced airframes and propulsion which feature low-signature shaping, composite materials, unconventional control surfaces, three-dimensional thrust-vectoring, etc. Aircraft must ensure desired mission-specific flight abilities and handling capabilities which are assessed by agility, controllability, maneuverability, robustness, stability and other performance characteristics, estimates and measures. The aforementioned performance and capabilities metrics can be ensured by designing flight control systems. This task implies multi-objective optimization and robust control for a given airframe and control schemes. Consistent, coherent and cohesive design methods must be applied with a minimum level of simplifications and assumptions. Flight vehicles are highly nonlinear. In general, linearization, decoupling and decentralization cannot be applied in expanded flight envelopes. We apply and use a nonlinear model to design robust control laws. The state transformation method is used to design tracking control laws which ensure near-optimal longitudinal and lateral dynamics. The design-specific performance functionals are minimized. We coherently examine the role of nonlinearities, including control bounds. It is illustrated that near-real-time design, adaptation and reconfiguration can be accomplished. These features are of a particular importance to potentially accommodate control surface or airframe damages and failures. It is illustrated that adaptation and reconfiguration can be achieved in realistic flight scenarios and close-in high-g engagements in an expanded operating envelope if the vehicle remains to be controllable and stabiliazable. Nonlinear simulations and data-intensive analysis are performed. Numerical results and quantitative analysis are reported in sufficient details for various flight conditions, envelopes and flight scenarios.
Cancer Drug Delivery in Three Dimensions For a Distributed Parameter Control Model Using Finite Elements

Optimal distributed parameter control and a Galerkin finite element method are used to develop procedures for an ideal model of optimal drug delivery to brain tumors. The mathematical model comprises of a system of three coupled reaction diffusion models, involving the density of tumor cells, normal tissue and also the drug concentration. An optimal control problem is formulated with the goal of minimizing the tumor cell density and reducing the side effects of the drug. A distributed parameter method based on a simple application of variational calculus is used on a pseudo-Hamiltonian, which is then used to obtain a coupled system of forward state equations and backward co-state equations. The Galerkin finite element method is used to realistically represent the brain structure. Finally, an ideal three dimensional test case is considered and partitioned into a set of brick finite elements in spherical coordinates, with tri-linear basis functions. Non-uniqueness of nodes in spherical coordinates is removed by combining like nodes, such as at the origin, at the poles and at the polar angle discontinuity. The Galerkin ODEs are solved by a combination of Crank-Nicolson and predictor-corrector methods.
Comparative Antipneumococcal Activities of Sulopenem and Other Drugs

For 297 penicillin-susceptible, -intermediate, and -resistant pneumococcal strains, the sulopenem MIC(50)s were 0.008, 0.06, and 0.25, respectively, and the sulopenem MIC(90)s were 0.016, 0.25, and 0.5 microg/ml, respectively. The MIC(50)s of amoxicillin for the corresponding strains were 0.03, 0.25, and 2.0 microg/ml, respectively, and the MIC(90)s were 0.03, 1.0, and 8.0 microg/ml, respectively. The combination of amoxicillin and clavulanate gave MICs similar to those obtained with amoxicillin alone. The sulopenem MICs were similar to those of imipenem and meropenem. The MICs of ss-lactams increased with those of penicillin G, and among the quinolones tested, moxifloxacin had the lowest MICs. Additionally, 45 strains of drug-resistant type 19A pneumococci were tested by agar dilution and gave sulopenem MIC(50)s and MIC(90)s of 1.0 and 2.0 microg/ml, respectively. Both sulopenem and amoxicillin (with and without clavulanate) were bactericidal against all 12 strains tested at 2x MIC after 24 h. Thirty-one strains from 10 countries with various penicillin, amoxicillin, and carbapenems MICs, including those with the highest sulopenem MICs, were selected for sequencing analysis of the pbp1a, pbp2x, and pbp2b regions encoding the transpeptidase active site and MurM. We did not find any correlations between specific penicillin-binding protein-MurM patterns and changes in the MICs.
ACCURACY OF NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS USING THE EULER EQUATION RESIDUALS

In this paper we derive sorne asymptotic properties on the accuracy of numerical solutions. We sIlow tIlat the approximation error of the policy function is of the same order of magnitude as the size of the Euler equation residuals. Moreover, for bounding this approximation error tIle most relevant parameters are the discount factor and the curvature of the return function. These findings provide theoretical foundations for the construction of tests that can assess the performance of alternative computational methods.
Age-Related Maculopathy in a Randomized Trial of Low-Dose Aspirin Among US Physicians

Objective To examine the development of age-related maculopathy (ARM) in a large-scale trial of low-dose aspirin treatment. Methods The Physicians' Health Study I was a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial of low-dose aspirin (325 mg every other day) and beta carotene (50 mg every other day) in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer conducted among 22 071 US male physicians aged 40 to 84 years in 1982. A total of 21 216 participants did not report ARM at baseline, were followed up for at least 7 years, and are included in this analysis. Main Outcome Measures Total ARM, defined as a self-report confirmed by medical record evidence of an initial diagnosis subsequent to randomization, and ARM with vision loss, defined as total ARM but with vision loss to 20/30 or worse attributable to ARM. Results Early termination of the randomized aspirin component of the Physicians' Health Study I, after an average of 60.2 months of treatment and follow-up due to a statistically extreme 44% reduced risk of first myocardial infarction, resulted in a far lower number of incident cases of ARM during the aspirin treatment period than would have accrued without early termination. Thus, during an average of 60.2 months of follow-up, a total of 117 cases of ARM were confirmed, including 57 cases responsible for vision loss to 20/30 or worse. There were 51 cases of ARM in the aspirin group and 66 in the placebo group (relative risk, 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.54-1.11). For ARM with vision loss, there were 25 cases in the aspirin group and 32 in the placebo group (relative risk, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.46-1.32). Conclusions These randomized trial data tend to exclude any large beneficial effect of 5 years of low-dose aspirin treatment on ARM. However, a smaller, but potentially important, beneficial effect cannot be ruled out and would require testing in randomized trials of adequate size and duration.
A much-needed window on opioid diversion.

A recent report attributed increasing opioid analgesic mortality to “aggressive” pain management [1]. While there is no question that increases in adverse and tragic health consequences are associated with rising nonmedical use of prescription pain medications, we questioned the validity of asserting, absent direct evidence, that it resulted from treating pain patients [2]. We also pointed out that illicit-drug users create a powerful demand that will be satisfied by those who divert prescription drugs from the supply chain. We called for research that would tell us more about the users, their motivations, and methods of diversion, including use of targeted ethnographic studies in high-incidence areas. In this issue, Inciardi et al. make an excellent contribution to better understanding the abuse and diversion of prescription drugs, including opioids. A useful summary of the meager literature and an extensive bibliography about sources of diversion is provided. They also report their own ethnographic studies of several populations in the Miami area who use diverted prescription opioid analgesics. This qualitative research provides a much-needed and revealing window on user populations, why they use opioid analgesics, and how the drugs are diverted. Although it is not …
A multilinear model for parameter identification of partially known systems

A parameter identification problem which arises in adaptive control for partially known systems is studied is this paper. The systems under consideration are linear and time invariant, but they can be represented by a nonlinear parametric model which is polynomial in unknown physical parameters, as opposed to the linear parametric model used in most black-box identification problem. A multilinear parametrization approach is proposed and a identification algorithm based on the multilinear model is developed. The properties of the multilinear identification algorithm are explored and analyzed. Simulation results are also presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. >
A nonlinear filter based on Fokker Planck equation and MCMC measurement updates

This paper presents a nonlinear filter based on the Fokker-Planck equation (FPE) for uncertainty propagation, coupled with a fast measurement update step. The measurement update is implemented as a function approximation performed over a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sample of the unnormalized posterior obtained from the Bayes rule. MCMC sampling also results in fast computation of the normalization factor of the posterior, which is typically a computationally heavy step. A previously developed semianalytical meshless tool is employed to solve FPE for high dimensional systems in real time. Performance of the filter is studied for dynamical systems with 2 and 4 dimensional state spaces.
Pediatric Fibromatosis Requiring Mandibular Resection and Reconstruction

ABSTRACT Fibromatosis is the nonmalignant proliferation of fibroblasts that aggressively invade adjacent tissues. The cause of this abundant growth is unknown. When fibromatosis develops in the mandible or adjoining tissues, its aggressive growth can compress the trachea and cause death. Resection is the treatment of choice. Mandibular reconstruction is performed to prevent displacement of the remaining mandibular segment or segments and consequent difficulties in eating and speaking. Perioperative nurses who care for children with oral or paraoral fibromatoses must understand the special physical and psychological needs of these patients to effectively plan their care. AORN J 62 (Aug 1995) 212-226.
"Standards"-Based Mathematics Curricula and the Promotion of Quantitative Literacy in Elementary School.

Background: Prior research has shown that students taught using Standards-based mathematics curricula tend to outperform students on measures of mathematics achievement. However, little research has focused particularly on the promotion of student quantitative literacy (QLT). In this study, the potential influence of the Investigations in Number, Data, and Space curriculum on student quantitative literacy is investigated. Quantitative literacy is conceptualized as a hierarchical three-factor model comprising the interrelationship among a student’s mathematical beliefs, disposition, and cognition. This theoretical model is validated with elementary-aged students and used to investigate whether students’ quantitative literacy is related to the use of the Investigations curriculum. Results: The hierarchical three-factor QLT model was found to have relatively good fit for the sample of elementaryaged students, and all inter-factor relationships were found to be consistent with the proposed theoretical model of the quantitative literacy construct. On average, students in the school district using a Standards-based mathematics curriculum had increased levels of quantitative literacy when compared to students in the district not using the curriculum or using it for less time. Conclusions: Based on the findings of this study, the Investigations mathematics curriculum has potential to promote students’ development of quantitative literacy in elementary school. Furthermore, the results of the study provide additional validation for the theoretical quantitative literacy construct modeled as a second-order factor comprising the interrelationship among a student’s mathematical beliefs, mathematical disposition, and mathematical cognition.
Prescription for antidepressant in reducing future alcohol-related readmission in patients suffering from depression and alcohol use disorder: a retrospective medical record review.

Patients suffering from major depressive disorder are more likely to suffer from alcohol use disorder. The data is inconclusive for the effectiveness of antidepressant treatment of patients suffering from both illnesses in regards to improving sobriety and reducing alcohol-related healthcare expenses such as hospitalizations. The objective of this study is to determine if a new prescription of an antidepressant upon inpatient discharge is associated with a reduction in the number of future acute alcohol-related hospital readmissions to the same institution in patients suffering from major depressive disorder and alcohol-use disorder. A retrospective, medical record review study was conducted at a publicly-supported hospital in Sylmar, CA. A query was performed for adult patients admitted between 1/1/2005–12/31/2013 who had ICD-9 codes for both alcohol-use disorder and depression. Index admission was the first hospitalization in which the patient was currently consuming alcohol and had depression as identified by physician documentation as a problem. Acute alcohol-related admissions were those for alcohol intoxication or withdrawal (indicating current alcohol use). Patients were excluded if they were receiving an antidepressant on index admission, <18 years old, no patient data available, or not currently consuming alcohol; 139 patients met inclusion criteria. Multivariate logistical regression analysis was performed on the primary predictive variable of discharge prescription of an antidepressant along with other independent variables for alcohol readmissions: homelessness, family history of alcohol use disorder, and smoking. Discharging patients with a prescription of an antidepressant was not associated with a reduction in acute alcohol-related readmission. There was no difference in acute alcohol-related readmissions between patients discharged with (44.6 %) versus without (47.0 %) a prescription for an antidepressant (p = 0.863). The median number of days between index admission and first readmission for those discharged on an antidepressant was 141 days while those who were not was 112 days (p = 0.284). Discharging patients suffering from both alcohol-use disorder and major depressive disorder with a prescription for an antidepressant is not associated with a reduction in future readmissions, nor significantly increase the number of days to readmission. The study does not support the concept of antidepressants in reducing acute alcohol-related readmissions.
Forensic Style Analysis with Survival Trajectories

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) consists of patient information such as demographics, medications, laboratory test results, diagnosis codes and procedures. Mining EHRs could lead to improvement in patient healthcare management as EHRs contain detailed information related to disease prognosis for large patient populations. We hypothesize that a patient's condition does not deteriorate at random, the trajectories, sequences in which diseases appear in a patient, are determined by a finite number of underlying disease mechanisms. In this work, we exploit this idea by predicting a patient's risk of mortality in the context of the metabolic syndrome by assessing which of many available trajectories a patient is following and progression along this trajectory. Implementing this idea required innovative enhancements both for the study design and also for the fitting algorithm. We propose a forensic-style study design, which aligns patients on last follow-up and measures time backwards. We modify the time-dependent covariate Cox proportional hazards model to better capture coefficients of covariate that follow a particular temporal sequence, such as trajectories. Knowledge extracted from such analysis can lead to personalized treatments, thereby forming the basis for future trajectory-centered guidelines.
The use of newer progestins in the treatment of endometriosis

The ability of the oral contraceptives Delalutin (17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate) and Enovid (17-alpha-ethynyl-17-hydroxy-5(10)-estren-3-one) combined with various estrogens to control endometriosis was examined. The pharmacological nature of the drugs their chemical structures and 4 treatment plans utilized in the study were presented. Case reports were given for patients with symptoms of endometriosis involving the posterior cul-de-sac uterosacral ligaments with fixation of the uterus or adnexal masses for each of the treatment schedules; and the progressive diminishment of symptoms with treatment was discussed. The occurrence of decidual transformation of endometrial tissue and decidual necrosis and absorption was reported. The use of culdoscopy was recommended as a diagnostic method. It was suggested that estrogens might be eliminated in treatment of endometriosis since a decidua may be produced with progestins.
Evidence for a direct collapse black hole in the Lyman α source CR7

Throughout the epoch of reionization the most luminous Ly{\alpha} emitters are capable of ionizing their own local bubbles. The CR7 galaxy at $z \approx 6.6$ stands out for its combination of exceptionally bright Ly{\alpha} and HeII 1640 Angstrom line emission but absence of metal lines. As a result CR7 may be the first viable candidate host of a young primordial starburst or direct collapse black hole. High-resolution spectroscopy reveals a +160 km s$^{-1}$ velocity offset between the Ly{\alpha} and HeII line peaks while the spatial extent of the Ly{\alpha} emitting region is $\sim 16$ kpc. The observables are indicative of an outflow signature produced by a strong central source. We present one-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamics simulations incorporating accurate Ly{\alpha} feedback and ionizing radiation to investigate the nature of the CR7 source. We find that a Population III star cluster with $10^5$ K blackbody emission ionizes its environment too efficiently to generate a significant velocity offset. However, a massive black hole with a nonthermal Compton-thick spectrum is able to reproduce the Ly{\alpha} signatures as a result of higher photon trapping and longer potential lifetime. For both sources, Ly{\alpha} radiation pressure turns out to be dynamically important.
Electronic collections: Evolution and strategies: Past, present, and future

Patron access to electronic collections through the Notre Dame campus network via the Web is seamless. A look at the important issues libraries are dealing with, as well as a discussion of the challenges of operating in a digital environment, are presented.
Inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis of human breast cancer cells transfected with tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 4

We recently identified, cloned, and characterized a novel human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-4, TIMP-4 (Greene et al., 1996). To determine if TIMP-4 can modulate the in vivo growth of human breast cancers, we transfected a full-length TIMP-4 cDNA into MDA-MB-435 human breast cancer cells and studied the orthotopic growth of TIMP-4-transfected (TIMP4-435) versus control (neo-435) clones in the mammary fat pad of athymic nude mice. TIMP4-435 clones expressed TIMP-4 mRNA and produced anti-metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, while neo-435 clones did not express TIMP-4 mRNA or produce detectable anti-MMP activity. Overexpression of TIMP-4 inhibited the invasion potential of the cells in the in vitro invasion assay. When injected orthotopically into nude mice, TIMP-4 transfectants were significantly inhibited in tumor growth by 4-10-fold in primary tumor volumes; and in an axillary lymph node and lung metastasis as compared with controls. These results suggest the therapeutic potential of TIMP-4 in treating cancer malignant progression.
Gyrokinetic neoclassical study of the bootstrap current in the tokamak edge pedestal with fully non-linear Coulomb collisions

As a follow-up on the drift-kinetic study of the non-local bootstrap current in the steep edge pedestal of tokamak plasma by Koh et al. [Phys. Plasmas 19, 072505 (2012)], a gyrokinetic neoclassical study is performed with gyrokinetic ions and drift-kinetic electrons. Besides the gyrokinetic improvement of ion physics from the drift-kinetic treatment, a fully non-linear Fokker-Planck collision operator—that conserves mass, momentum, and energy—is used instead of Koh et al.'s linearized collision operator in consideration of the possibility that the ion distribution function is non-Maxwellian in the steep pedestal. An inaccuracy in Koh et al.'s result is found in the steep edge pedestal that originated from a small error in the collisional momentum conservation. The present study concludes that (1) the bootstrap current in the steep edge pedestal is generally smaller than what has been predicted from the small banana-width (local) approximation [e.g., Sauter et al., Phys. Plasmas 6, 2834 (1999) and Belli et al., Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 50, 095010 (2008)], (2) the plasma flow evaluated from the local approximation can significantly deviate from the non-local results, and (3) the bootstrap current in the edge pedestal, where the passing particle region is small, can be dominantly carried by the trapped particles in a broad trapped boundary layer. A new analytic formula based on numerous gyrokinetic simulations using various magnetic equilibria and plasma profiles with self-consistent Grad-Shafranov solutions is constructed.
Water Oxidation on a CuWO4–WO3 Composite Electrode in the Presence of [Fe(CN)6]3–: Toward Solar Z-Scheme Water Splitting at Zero Bias

Electrodeposited thin films composed of CuWO4–WO3 oxidize water under AM 1.5G irradiation with no electrical bias and simultaneous reduction of [Fe(CN)6]3– at a Pt-mesh auxiliary electrode with a faradaic efficiency of >85%. The quantum efficiency and apparent quantum yield are 7% (at 400 nm) and 0.038%, respectively, in a representative film. Although low, the photoanode is stable, maintaining its steady-state current density (17 μA/cm2) over a 2.5 h illumination period. Through full photoelectrochemical characterization, we identify the specific drawbacks in our material and propose solutions.
An Orally Active Phenylaminotetralin-Chemotype Serotonin 5-HT7 and 5-HT1A Receptor Partial Agonist that Corrects Motor Stereotypy in Mouse Models.

Stereotypy (e.g., repetitive hand waving) is a key phenotype of autism spectrum disorder, Fragile X and Rett syndromes, and other neuropsychiatric disorders, and its severity correlates with cognitive and attention deficits. There are no effective treatments, however, for stereotypy. Perturbation of serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission contributes to stereotypy, suggesting that distinct 5-HT receptors may be pharmacotherapeutic targets to treat stereotypy and related neuropsychiatric symptoms. For example, preclinical studies indicate that 5-HT7 receptor activation corrects deficits in mouse models of Fragile X and Rett syndromes, and clinical trials for autism are underway with buspirone, a 5-HT1A partial agonist with relevant affinity at 5-HT7 receptors. Herein, we report the synthesis, in vitro molecular pharmacology, behavioral pharmacology, and pharmacokinetic parameters in mice after subcutaneous and oral administration of (+)-5-(2′-fluorophenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-amine ((+)-...
Atypical lobular hyperplasia and lobular carcinoma in situ at core needle biopsy of the breast: An incidental finding or are there characteristic imaging findings?

Background Atypical lobular hyperplasia and classic-type lobular carcinoma in situ, collectively known as lobular neoplasia, are classically described as incidental findings found on breast core-needle biopsy without distinguishing imaging characteristics. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate concordant imaging findings of lobular neoplasia identified at core-needle biopsy after careful radiologic-pathologic correlation. Methods The pathology database was searched from October 1, 2006 to October 1, 2013 for breast biopsies yielding lobular neoplasia not associated with a coexistent malignancy or other high risk lesion in the biopsy specimen. Results Of the 482 biopsies performed containing lobular neoplasia, 65 cases had lobular neoplasia as the highest risk lesion at core-needle biopsy. Of the 65 total cases in which lobular neoplasia was the highest risk lesion, 18 (28%) cases had concordant imaging correlates. 13 of 18 (72%) cases presented as calcifications on mammography and 5 of 18 (28%) presented on magnetic resonance imaging as a focus (n = 2) or non-mass enhancement (n = 3). Conclusion With careful radiologic-pathologic correlation, mammographically detected calcifications and foci or non-mass enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging can be considered concordant imaging findings of lobular neoplasia after breast core-needle biopsy.
Investigating irrigation scheduling for rice using variable rate irrigation

Abstract Because almost all US rice is produced with continuous flood irrigation, little information addresses irrigation scheduling for rice; however, successful production without a continuous flood will require timely irrigation. A field study conducted at the University of Missouri Fisher Delta Research Center Marsh Farm during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons investigated irrigation scheduling for sprinkler irrigated rice. Two irrigation timings were based on management allowed depletion (MAD) (MAD1: 10 mm application at a 12 mm estimated soil water deficit (SWD); MAD2: 15 mm application at a 19 mm estimated SWD). For each MAD treatment, three VRI settings represented 75, 100, and 125% of the target applications. Seven fewer irrigations were applied to MAD2 plots in 2013 and eleven fewer in 2014 but larger applications resulted in similar total application amounts. Neither treatment main effect was significant for yield in 2013, but there was a significant interaction, with differences among the % application treatments for MAD2. The % application main effect was significant for irrigation water use efficiency and there was a significant interaction. Yields were lower in 2014 than in 2013, which was expected given the late planting and soil compaction that resulted from land grading. Soil moisture data were inconsistent, and variability among the sensors led to few significant differences. Yield was significantly greater than the field average for only one treatment combination (MAD1 – 100%) and significantly lower for two (MAD2 – 75, 100%). Irrigation water use efficiency of two of the treatment combinations was significantly greater than the field average (MAD1 – 75%, MAD2 – 75%) while two were significantly lower (MAD1 – 125%, MAD2 – 125%). While the findings suggest that sprinkler irrigated rice performed equally well under a range of irrigation management, additional research is needed to validate these trends and develop improved guidelines for producers.
Chapter 28 – The Surgical Anatomy of the Prostate

This chapter describes the basic general anatomy of the prostate gland with an emphasis on recent findings that facilitate the desired goals of cancer surgery. The surgical anatomy of the prostate gland is challenging and complex, owing to the significant variation of gland architecture among patients and the constraints imposed by the body habitus of the patients. The principal goals of prostate cancer surgery are disease control, preservation of urinary control, and preservation of erectile function. The past decade has seen the incorporation of radical prostatectomy into the therapeutic arsenal of most urologists. It is performed in a region of anatomic constraints, yet the careful delineation of anatomic relationships and morphologic variability allows surgeons the ability to optimize outcomes with regard to cancer control, maintenance of urinary continence, and restoration of sexual function. Awareness of anatomic variation and attention to detail can optimize this procedure for cancer control and minimize potential long-term morbidity.
A Framework to Encourage Successful Technology Transition in Civil Aviation

Technology transitions are essential to transforming air traffic management to meet future capacity needs. Encouraging and obtaining equipage adoption is one crucial aspect of technology transitions. We propose an approach for developing appropriate strategies to persuade aviation stakeholders to transition to new technologies. Our approach uses cost, benefit, and value distribution across stakeholders and over time to determine which strategies are most appropriate to persuading aircraft operators to adopt new equipage. Equipage that may show an overall positive value can nevertheless fail to provide value to individual stakeholders. Such imbalances in value distribution between stakeholders or over time may lead to stakeholder intransigence and can stymie efforts to transform air traffic management systems. Leverage strategies that correct these imbalances and accelerate the realization of value for all stakeholders can enhance cooperation and increase the likelihood of a successful transition to the new technology.
Gallstone ileus presenting as intussusception: A case report.

Abstract Background Gallstone ileus is a complication of acute cholecystitis that accounts for 25% of bowel obstruction cases in the elderly. To our knowledge, only one other case of gallstone ileus presenting as intussusception has been reported in the literature, and involved non-operative management with an unfavorable outcome. Case presentation Here we report the case of 69 year old woman presenting with symptoms of acute small bowel obstruction with a surgical history significant for cholecystectomy 30 years prior. Computed tomographic imaging showed a target sign in the small bowel consistent with intussusception, but intraoperative diagnosis revealed this to be a gallstone. A simple enterolithotomy was conducted and the patient has since been symptom free. Discussion Gallstone ileus has a high mortality rate (12–17%) and is an important differential diagnosis to consider, especially as the elderly population throughout the world continues to grow. Conclusion As radiographic features of gallstones are variable we suggest maintaining a high index of suspicion for gallstone ileus in any elderly patient presenting with SBO, even with a seemingly contradictory surgical history.
Correction of propagation-induced defocus effects in certain spotlight-mode SAR collections

While the chief cause of defocus in airborne spotlight-mode imagery is uncompensated errors in the measurement of the aircraft position as it traverses the synthetic aperture, another physical phenomenon can cause blurring in the formed SAR image as well. This is the injection of phase errors into the collected SAR phase history data by random fluctuations in the index of refraction as the microwave pulses propagate through an atmosphere that contains irregularities in the tropospheric water vapor distribution. In this paper, we show that in SAR imagery collected under certain conditions, these phase errors can be detected and corrected using a robust autofocus algorithm such as Phase Gradient Autofocus (PGA). The phase errors are confirmed as having been propagation-induced by demonstrating that they exhibit a power-law spectrum described by Tatarski, based on the turbulence model of Kolmogorov.