cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mental Health Service Use Among Young Children Receiving Pediatric Primary Care

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the factors associated with mental health service use among young children. Method Five hundred ten preschool children aged 2 through 5 years were enrolled through 68 primary care physicians, with 388 (76% of the original sample) participating in a second wave of data collection, 12 to 40 months later. Consensus DSM-III-R diagnoses were assigned using best-estimate procedures. The test battery included the Child Behavior Checklist, a developmental evaluation, the Rochester Adaptive Etehavior Inventory, and a videotaped play session (preschool children) or structured interviews (older children). At wave 2, mothers completed a survey of mental health services their child had received. Results In logistic regression models, older children, children with a wave 1 DSM-III-R diagnosis, children with more total behavior problems and family conflict, and children receiving a pediatric referral were more likely to receive mental health services. Among children with a DSM-III-R diagnosis, more mental health services were received by children who were older, white, more impaired, experiencing more family conflict, and referred by a pediatrician. Conclusions Young children with more impairment and family conflict are more likely to enter into treatment. Services among young children of different races with diagnoses are not equally distributed. Pediatric referral is an important predictor of service use.
Evaluating Equity In Service Delivery In Library Branches

Equity in the delivery of urban services traditionally has been evaluated by considering the quantities of the service provided to residents of different neighborhoods within the city. For services...
Serotonergic Repression of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Control of the Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Enhancer

We have investigated the mechanisms underlying regulation of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) cell-specific enhancer. Recently, we reported that this enhancer is inhibited by serotonin type-1 (5-HT1) agonists, similar to currently used antimigraine drugs. We have now tested whether this repression involves a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway. We first demonstrate that the CGRP enhancer is strongly (10-fold) activated by a constitutively active MAP kinase kinase (MEK1), yielding reporter activities 100-fold above the enhancerless control. The involvement of a MAP kinase pathway was confirmed by down-regulation of reporter activity upon cotransfection of a dominant negative Ras. Activation of the enhancer by MEK1 was blocked in a dose-dependent manner by the 5-HT1 receptor agonist CGS 12066A (CGS). Since it is not known whether the CGRP enhancer factors are immediate targets of MAP kinases, we then used Elk-1- and c-Jun-dependent reporter genes that are directly activated by the ERK (...
Location and Reputation in A Mexican Intervillage Network

It has been clear for some time that adequate scientific understanding of little communities requires a specification of the effects other sociocultural systems have on them, but the important variables of such systems are not clearly known. A standard approach is to treat the village as a partner in an interrelationship with a large system, usually the nation that incorporates it. The problem is then phrased in terms of inter-system relationships with the smaller system usually operating as a subsytem of the larger. Different interests determine whether the relationships are labeled folk-urban, great and little traditions or, taking another view, whether the village is considered a pawn to be sacrificed in the game of national modernization or the seed bed of innovation and production that supports a fragile superstructure of cities.
Retrospective-cost-based model refinement for system emulation and subsystem identification

We consider the problem of data-based model refinement, where we assume the availability of an initial model, which may incorporate both physical laws and empirical observations. With this initial model as a starting point, our goal is to use additional measurements to refine the model. In particular, components of the model that are poorly modeled can be updated, thereby resulting in a higher fidelity model. We consider two special cases, namely, system emulation and subsystem identification. In the former case, the main system is assumed to be uncertain and we seek an estimate of the unknown subsystem that allows the overall model to approximate the true system. In this case, there is no expectation that the constructed subsystem model approximates the unknown subsystem. In the latter case, we assume that the main system is accurately modeled and we seek an estimate of the unknown subsystem that approximates the unknown subsystem.
Comparing tagging vocabularies among four enterprise tag-based services

We compare four tagging-based enterprise services, which respectively stored bookmarks to webpages and documents, to people, to blog entries, and to hierarchically-structured activity records. Analysis of user data and tag data showed relatively small overlaps in tags used. Conventional normalization strategies produced only modest improvement. These results suggest difficulties in combining exploratory searches across multiple social-tagging services. We recommend strategies for cross-service tag integration at the points of tag storage and tag search, rather than at the conventional point of tag entry. We close with a research agenda around this strategy.
Error rate performance for s.f.s.k. with cochannel and intersymbol interference

The probability of error of s.f.s.k., with matched-filter detection in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise, intersymbol interference and cochannel interference has been studied. Results are presented as a function of the signal/interference ratio for a system using a third-order Butterworth filter.
Omega-an integrated environment for C++ program maintenance

Proposes several new object-oriented (OO) software-specific techniques that are useful in the maintenance of OO software, especially C++ programs. The proposed techniques include: (1) new OO-specific dependence relations (such as class, message and declaration dependence); (2) algorithms to construct a hierarchical C++ dependence graph (C++DG) to capture these dependences from the source code; (3) several new slicing techniques (such as class, message, constrained and recursive slicing), besides the existing slicing techniques (such as program, variable and condition slicing) for OO programs. Next, the paper discusses the application of the dependence and slicing concepts to other maintenance activities such as ripple effect analysis (REA) and regression testing. Finally, the paper presents the design of an integrated environment, Omega, that implements many of these techniques for C++ program maintenance. Omega has been demonstrated in various industrial sites in the USA and Japan since May 1995.
Metal-insulator transition from combined disorder and interaction effects in Hubbard-like electronic lattice models with random hopping

We uncover a disorder-driven instability in the diffusive Fermi liquid phase of a class of many-fermion systems, indicative of a metal-insulator transition of first-order type, which arises solely from the competition between quenched disorder and interparticle interactions. Our result is expected to be relevant for sufficiently strong disorder in $d=3$ spatial dimensions. Specifically, we study a class of half-filled, Hubbard-like models for spinless fermions with (complex) random hopping and short-ranged interactions on bipartite lattices in $d\ensuremath{\geqslant}2$. In a given realization, the hopping disorder breaks time-reversal invariance but preserves the special ``nesting'' symmetry responsible for the charge density wave instability of the ballistic Fermi liquid. This disorder may arise, e.g., from the application of a random magnetic field to the otherwise clean model. We derive a low-energy effective field theory description for this class of disordered, interacting fermion systems, which takes the form of a Finkel'stein nonlinear sigma model $(\mathrm{FNL}\ensuremath{\sigma}\mathrm{M})$ (A. M. Finkel'stein, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 84, 168 (1983) [Sov. Phys. JETP 57, 97 (1983)]). We analyze the $\mathrm{FNL}\ensuremath{\sigma}\mathrm{M}$ using a perturbative, one-loop renormalization group analysis controlled via an $ϵ$ expansion in $d=2+ϵ$ dimensions. We find that in $d=2$ dimensions, the interactions destabilize the conducting phase known to exist in the disordered, noninteracting system. The metal-insulator transition that we identify in $dg2$ dimensions $(ϵg0)$ occurs for disorder strengths of order $ϵ$, and is therefore perturbatively accessible for $ϵ⪡1$. We emphasize that the disordered system has no localized phase in the absence of interactions, so that a localized phase and the transition into it can only appear due to the presence of the interactions.
Restriction of Rift Valley Fever Virus Virulence in Mosquito Cells

Arboviruses are maintained in a natural cycle that requires blood-sucking arthropod and vertebrate hosts. Arboviruses are believed to persistently infect their arthropod host without overt pathology and cause acute infection with viremia in their vertebrate host. We have focused on elucidating how a specific arbovirus, Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus, causes cytopathic effect in cells derived from vertebrates and non-cytopathic infection in cells derived from arthropods. We demonstrate that the vertebrate virulence factor, NSs, is functional in arthropod cells but is expressed at significantly lower levels in infected arthropod versus infected vertebrate cells.
Estrogen receptor alpha-36 (ER-α36): A new player in human breast cancer

Prevailing wisdom is that estrogen receptor (ER)-α mediated genomic estrogen signaling is responsible for estrogen-stimulated cell proliferation and development of ER-positive breast cancer. However, accumulating evidence indicates that another estrogen signaling pathway, non-genomic or rapid estrogen signaling, also plays an important role in mitogenic estrogen signaling. Previously, our laboratory cloned a 36 kDa variant of ER-α, ER-α36, and found that ER-α36 is mainly expressed in the cytoplasm and at the plasma membrane. ER-α36 mediates rapid estrogen signaling and inhibits genomic estrogen signaling. In this review, we review and update the biological function of ER-α36 in ER-positive and -negative breast cancer, breast cancer stem/progenitor cells and tamoxifen resistance, potential interaction and cross-talk of ER-α36 with other ERs and growth factor receptors, and intracellular pathways of ER-α36-mediated rapid estrogen signaling. The potential function and underlying mechanism of ER-α in development of ER-positive breast cancer will also be discussed.
Effect of subsidence on recharge at abandoned coal mines generating acidic drainage: The Majestic Mine, Athens County, Ohio

This paper addresses the relationship between the geology, hydrology, and transient variations in discharge and water chemistry of acidic water discharged by an abandoned underground coal mine: the Majestic Mine in Athens County, Ohio, a partially-flooded, downdip, drift mine. The Middle Kittanning (No. 6) Coal (Allegheny Series, Pennsylvanian System) was mined room-and-pillar until 1921. Loss of support from mine collapse has created large vertical subsidence fractures along the naturally occurring joints within the brittle sandstone overburden. The mine discharge hydrograph, temperature, and pH of the mine discharge indicate that the hydrology of the Majestic Mine can be explained in terms of pseudokarst hydrology. During rainfall events, water is preferentially recharged through the subsidence features. Increased pressure from the mine inflow is transmitted through the flooded workings, causing a rapid increase in discharge, and forcing older mine water out of the mine. A stream draining an overlying watershed is captured by one of the subsidence features, contributing 60 to 80% of the mine water outflow. During the summer, recharge to the mine is negligible because potential evapotranspiration is higher than precipitation. During late summer and fall months, when the mine pool is at its lowest elevation, atmospheric oxygen penetrates back into the mine workings, enhancing the oxidation reactions. During the increased discharge of the spring months, washing of the reaction products from the mine walls produces the highest metals concentrations and chemical loads. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A03BX002 00004
Complexity measures for distributed assembly tasks

We present complexity measures for distributed assembly tasks for a team of homogeneous robots with applications in intelligent construction and manufacturing. The objective is to define an appropriate metric to inform online partitioning of assembly tasks to maximize assembly parallelization. In this work, we consider the assembly of two-dimensional polygonal structures composed of homogeneous building blocks. We demonstrate our metric with different two dimensional assemblies and discuss briefly preliminary hardware results.
Lithologic mixing in a modern foreland basin: Evidence from Landsat thematic mapper images

Reflectance spectra of synorogenic sediments accumulating in a modern foreland basin indicate that alluvial-fan sediment changes composition as drainage networks expand through tilted strata. The spectral signatures of several sediment mixtures can be used to identify zones of lithologic mixing and to infer erosional unroofing sequences and drainage development in a modern foreland region. A practical graphic analysis of sediment mixing was developed for digital Landsat thematic mapper data. This technique determines the relative proportions of end-member compositions in a binary sediment mixture. Vegetation effects on the spectral response of rock and sediment can also be evaluated.
Nested Localized Institutions for Adaptive Co-Management: A History of State Watershed Management in the Pacific Region of the United States

Collaborative watershed management incorporates a number of recent innovations in natural resource management, from ecosystem-based management to adaptive co-management of social-ecological systems. Facing jurisdictional barriers to compliance with landmark federal environmental laws, state governments in the Pacific region embraced collaborative watershed management to simultaneously address diffused water pollution and habitat loss on private land. Collaborative watershed management functions by leveraging local social capital through monetary and nonmonetary incentives, enabling the application of common property regimes to multi-owner landscapes. Here, I describe the historical development of state watershed management frameworks in the Pacific region of the United States. Results indicate that federal financial incentives enabled states to establish unique watershed management frameworks to improve compliance with federal environmental law. I suggest that nested localized institutional design is an e...
Incremental Text Structuring with Online Hierarchical Ranking

Many emerging applications require documents to be repeatedly updated. Such documents include newsfeeds, webpages, and shared community resources such as Wikipedia. In this paper we address the task of inserting new information into existing texts. In particular, we wish to determine the best location in a text for a given piece of new information. For this process to succeed, the insertion algorithm should be informed by the existing document structure. Lengthy real-world texts are often hierarchically organized into chapters, sections, and paragraphs. We present an online ranking model which exploits this hierarchical structure ‐ representationally in its features and algorithmically in its learning procedure. When tested on a corpus of Wikipedia articles, our hierarchically informed model predicts the correct insertion paragraph more accurately than baseline methods.
Biomechanics, functional patterns, and disparity in Late Devonian arthrodires

Studies of ecological structure and diversity over time in extinct groups have always been challenged by the inability to observe the behavior of fossil taxa directly. The only available evidence for function, behavior, and interactions between taxa is the morphological characteristics of the preserved fossils. Recent studies on modern groups have shown that morphological analyses may give misleading results in terms of ecological pattern and diversity. An alternative approach is to focus on functionally relevant aspects of morphology through a paleobiomechanical paradigm. The purpose of this research is to examine variation in the lower jaw morphology in Late Devonian arthrodire placoderms and develop biomechanical metrics that can be used to quantify functional diversity among this fossil group. Nine functionally relevant morphological characters were collected for 94 isolated arthrodire inferognathals from the Gogo Formation in Western Australia and the Cleveland Shale in Ohio. These data were used to address aspects of functional morphology, biomechanical disparity, and ecological structure in arthrodire placoderms from the Late Devonian. Results were compared with results from previous morphometric work on the same set of jaws.Statistical tests show a significant difference in functional characters between the two faunas. The differences may be related to phylogenetic differences between faunas, as the two major clades of arthrodire taxa included in this study are almost completely segregated between faunas. Average pairwise disparity analyses of the mechanical characters indicate that there is no significant difference in overall functional diversity between the Cleveland Shale and Gogo Reef arthrodire faunas. This result is at odds with previous results that show overall morphological disparity to be much higher in the Cleveland Shale. Clustering patterns within a multivariate function-space show tightly constrained functional groups of taxa independent of phylogenetic or shape-based morphological similarity. These functional groups illustrate a level of ecological diversity in Late Devonian arthrodires that is comparable to that in certain modern faunas.Further statistical analysis of the morphological and functional disparity of these Late Devonian taxa shows a disjoint between the two measures. Model I regression analysis of and Spearman rank-correlation analysis of average pairwise morphological and functional disparity measures indicate no significant relationship between morphological and functional disparity among the jaws used in this study. Although function is obviously derived from morphology, these results show that morphological shape analysis is not necessarily a good proxy for eco-functional diversity.
Quantitative molecular viral loads in 7 horses with naturally occurring equine herpesvirus-1 infection

Summary Reasons for performing study Data associating quantitative viral load with severity, clinical signs and survival in equine herpesvirus-1 myeloencephalopathy (EHM) have not been reported. Objectives To report the clinical signs, treatment, and temporal progression of viral loads in 7 horses with naturally occurring EHM and to examine the association of these factors with survival. Study design Retrospective case series. Methods The population included 7 horses with EHM presented to the University of California, Davis William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital from May to September 2011. Horses were graded using a neurological grading scale. Daily quantitative PCR was performed on nasal secretions and whole blood. Treatment, survival, outcome and histopathology were reported. Results At presentation, one horse was neurological grade 5/5, 3 were grade 4/5 and 3 were grade 3/5. All were treated with anti-inflammatory drugs, valacyclovir and management in a sling if necessary. All were infected with equine herpesvirus-1 of DNA polymerase D752 genotype. Peak viral load in nasal secretions and blood of 5 survivors ranged from 6.9 × 103 to 2.81 × 105 (median 5.11 × 104) and from 143 to 4340 gB gene copies/million eukaryotic cells (median 3146), respectively. The 2 nonsurvivors presented with grade 3/5 neurological signs and progressed to encephalopathy. Peak viral load was higher in nonsurvivors, with levels in nasal secretions of 1.9 × 109 and 2.2 × 109 and in blood of 2.05 × 104 and 1.02 × 105 gB gene copies/million eukaryotic cells. Case fatality was 2/7. Conclusions Nonsurvivors had viral loads 1000-fold higher in nasal secretions and 10-fold higher in blood than survivors. There was no relationship between severity of clinical signs at presentation and survival. Thus, encephalopathy and high viral load were negatively associated with survival in this population. Further research should be performed to determine whether high viral loads are associated with encephalopathy and poor prognosis. The Summary is available in Chinese – see Supporting information.
Simultaneous Determination of Thermal Conductivity and Specific Heat for Refractory Materials

The present work describes a transient method for determining thermal properties of refractory materials. Specific to this technique are (1) the experimental measurement of heat flux on the heated surface and (2) a method of data analysis based on the numerical techniques of nonlinear least squares and finite difference. Several mathematical formulations are proposed to minimize computing time requirements. Silica molding sand is used in two examples to illustrate the applicability of the technique to refractory materials. Owing to the measurement of heat flux on the heated surface, both thermal conductivity k and volumetric specific heat C can be determined if their temperature dependencies are not considered. In the case when temperature-dependent thermal properties are considered, it is found that the inherent accuracy of the experiment does not allow the determination of both temperature-variable k and C at the same time. It is shown that the present method has advantages in the ease and directness of the required experiment and in greater computational efficiency. Thermal properties are reported for a bonded silica and an unbonded silica sand.
Numerical Evaluation of the State of Cure in a Vulcanizing Rubber Article

Abstract In its present state this model should be effective as an aid in analyzing and optimizing cure cycles for vulcanizing articles. It is clearly necessary to have accurate thermo-physical data when simulating the SOC in thick articles. Additional improvements could be realized by more careful treatment of the heat transmitted into the rubber through the blades.
Distributed average consensus in sensor networks with quantized inter-sensor communication

The paper studies distributed average consensus in sensor networks, when the sensors exchange quantized data at each time step. We show that randomizing the exchanged sensor data by adding a controlled amount of dither results in almost sure (a.s.) convergence of the protocol, if the network is connected. We explicitly characterize the mean-squared error (with respect to the desired consensus average) and show that, by tuning certain parameters associated with the protocol, the mean-squared error can be made arbitrarily small. We study the trade-offs between the rate of convergence and the resulting mean-squared error. The sensor network topology plays an important role in determining the convergence rate of the algorithm. Our approach, based on the convergence of controlled Markov processes, is very generic and can be applied to many other situations of imperfect communication. Finally, we present numerical studies, which verify our theoretical results.
WAAS MESSAGING SYSTEM: DATA RATE, CAPACITY, AND FORWARD ERROR CORRECTION

This paper focuses on the design of the Wide-Area Augmentation System (WAAS) messaging system. Specifically, it explains why the data rate is 250 bits/s and the messages are 250 bits long. It also explains why forward error correction is used. The paper estimates the signal-to-noise ratio required for reliable WAAS operation, and discusses message availability when the WAAS satellite is at low elevation angles. This paper does not give a bit-by-bit description of the WAAS data format, nor does it detail the spread-spectrum codes used by WAAS. For these topics, the reader is referred to the current version of the Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS) for WAAS avionics. This paper is based on the work of RTCA Special Committee-159, which is charged with studying the integrity of GPS and writing performance standards for the airborne equipment. In particular, this paper owes much to the efforts of Working Group 2, which is developing the WAAS MOPS.
AIDS and the urban family: Its impact in Kampala, Uganda

Abstract Twenty-two families with one or more adult members with AIDS were extensively interviewed about sociodemographic variables, knowledge of AIDS, responses to AIDS, material needs, psychological state and perception of stigma. A total of 24 individuals were enrolled. Seven subjects did not permit contact with family members. Of the 24 subjects, four denied that they have AIDS, four informed everyone in the household of the AIDS diagnosis, eight told no one at all, and eight told some of their family. Subjects reportedly did not tell their family because the family would worry, they feared rejection, it is none of their business or they wouldn't understand. Family members expressed fear of loss, shock and disbelief at the diagnosis, but did not reject the subject or fear infection. Persons with AIDS and their families expressed fear of rejection from those outside the household due to the perceived stigma associated with AIDS. The Labelling of someone as having AIDS relates to their physical conditio...
Successful transbaffle catheter ablation of pulmonary vein tachycardia

A 46-year-old woman with a history of transposition of the great arteries, Mustard operation, and tricuspid valve (TV) replacement underwent catheter ablation …
Psychometric Properties of the Teacher-Reported Motor Skills Rating Scale

Children’s early motor competence is associated with social development and academic achievement. However, few studies have examined teacher reports of children’s motor skills. This study evaluated...
EFFECTIVENESS OF A COASTAL WETLAND IN REDUCING POLLUTION OF A LAURENTIAN GREAT LAKE: HYDROLOGY, SEDIMENT, AND NUTRIENTS

Abstract The ability of coastal wetlands of the Laurentian Great Lakes to reduce pollution from tributaries has not been documented in detail or over multiple seasons. This study developed a surface-water budget for a coastal wetland along Lake Erie and estimated monthly, annual, and storm-related exports of total suspended solids and selected nutrients from the wetland. Water-budget measurements included precipitation, evaporation, surface discharge into the wetland, and net surface discharge into Lake Erie. Water samples collected upstream and downstream and composite dryfall-precipitation samples were analyzed for total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), nitrate + nitrite nitrogen (NO2+3), ammonia nitrogen (NH3), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), soluble reactive silica, chloride, and specific conductance. Seasonal and storm-related concentration patterns and a wide variation in monthly, seasonal, and annual loads from the tributary into the wetland were typi...
Low Froude Number Flow Past Three-Dimensional Obstacles. Part II: Upwind Flow Reversal Zone

Abstract The present paper contains a continuation of our study of the flow of a density-stratified fluid past three-dimensional obstacles for Froude number ∼O(1). Linear theory (large Froude number) and potential-flow-type theory (small Froude number) are both invalid in this range, which is of particular relevance to natural, atmospheric flows past large mesoscale mountains. The present study was conceived to provide a systematic investigation of the basic aspects of this flow. Thus, we have excluded the effects of friction, rotation, nonuniform ambient flow, and the complexity of realistic terrain. In Part I of this study we focused on the pair of vertically oriented vortices forming on the lee side when the Froude number decreases below 0.5 (approximately), and argued that their formation may be understood in terms of nonlinear aspects of inviscid gravity waves, i.e., without invoking traditional arguments on the separation of the friction boundary layer. Herein we examine the zone of flow reversal on...
Zones of Control & Civilian Strategy in the Aceh Conflict

How do civilians respond to and shape civil war? Dominant approaches emphasise territorial control, while rival sociological explanations understand civilian behaviour as rooted in justice, pleasure, and social norms. This paper assesses these divergent sensibilities by examining rebel-controlled areas from Aceh, Indonesia. Many civilians provided the rebels with symbolic support, information and provisions, support that deepened over time as the rebels established control. By disaggregating ‘civilians’ into social groups, a more complex story appears. Only some civilian groups supported the dominant armed group, suggesting that control and sociological approaches can be complementary in explaining civilian behaviour.
Do LEGO® Mindstorms® motivate students in CS1?

The purpose of the research study described in this paper was to investigate the effectiveness of using LEGO Mindstorms robotic activities to influence student motivation in an introductory university computer programming course. Various aspects relating to student motivation were measured using the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire. Tests revealed no statistically significant differences between groups in relation to intrinsic goal orientation, task value, control of learning beliefs, self-efficacy, and test anxiety at the alpha = .05 level. The experiment did detect a statistically significant difference between groups in relation to extrinsic goal orientation. The LEGO group, however, showed a larger decrease in levels of extrinsic goal orientation, suggesting they were less motivated in learning the material for rewards such as grades. While this is not necessarily a bad thing, ideally a decline in extrinsic goal orientation would be accompanied by a statistically significant increase in intrinsic goal orientation suggesting students were instead motivated because they were interested in the content of the material. This was not the case in this study. Despite the lack of positive quantitative results, responses to student follow-up questions suggest that at least some of the students enjoyed the LEGO Mindstorms activities. A discussion of possible factors influencing these results is provided.
Broadening Substance Use(r) Research and Intervention Efforts to Address Context.

Dramatic progress has been made since the mid-1980s in mobilizing effective approaches to reduce problem substance use and sexual and other risk behaviors. This has occurred, in part, because of th...
Frontobasilar blast injuries: access and treatment.

Blast injuries involving the frontobasilar region and orbit can present difficult evaluation and treatment challenges. This article presents the surgical treatment of four patients presenting with blast-type injuries involving the central periorbital region and anterior skull base. Three of these were the result of close-range gunshot wounds, and one was caused by an avulsive penetrating tree branch injury during a motor vehicle accident. All four patients underwent frontal craniotomy for exposure to repair significant intracranial injuries. Following intracranial repair of dural and brain injuries, anterior cranial fossa reconstruction was performed. In two of these patients, elective supraorbital osteotomies were performed to allow improved access to the posterior aspect of the anterior skull base. The healing period of all four patients has been without complications relative to the anterior fossa injuries. Language: en
Ultrastructure of glomerular lesions in KK mice.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the ultrastructure of glomerular lesions in KK mice. In an experiment described in the chapter, electron microscope examinations were made in 20 KK mice and 18 controls from a group of 320 KK and 180 control mice. All animals were maintained on an 11 % fat diet under standard laboratory conditions. Electron microscopy revealed an increase in mesangial cells and matrix which in the early phases and in young animals did not result in widening of the mesangial space. It was found that with increase in mesangium, the mesangial space may be markedly widened. Usually, the mesangial accumulation is accompanied by cells; however, in a few instances, there are small, dense accumulations of mesangial matrix without mesangial cells. As the mesangium proliferates, it grows into the capillary wall and tends to be get inserted between the basement membrane and the endothelium. In advanced cases, the capillary lumen may be partly occluded by the mass of mesangium. Collagen fibrils are found in the mesangial matrix in some instances. Electron-dense deposits are also seen in the mesangial matrix, beneath the capillary endothelium, in the basement membrane, and occasionally partly occluding the capillary lumen.
Characterizing the Workspace of the Spherical Image of Cooperating Robots

In this paper we consider the set of orientations available to the workpiece held by a pair of cooperating robot arms. The rotational terms in the kinematics equations of the system define constraints on the orientation of the workpiece that can be viewed as a spherical linkage, called the spherical image of the robot system. We determine the differential volume element for this orientation workspace and examine two cases, a near planar spherical 6R, and a 6R with orthogonal joint axes which is a model for the case of cooperating PUMA Robots.
The Function Δ(ατ)/Δ(τ)

In this section we give an example for the Shimura theorem concerning the quotient of automorphic functions.
Impact of body mass index on surgical costs and morbidity for women with endometrial carcinoma/hyperplasia.

5583Background: Our objective was to evaluate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on surgical costs and complications for pts with endometrial cancer (EC) and endometrial hyperplasia (EH). Methods:...
Temporality of heparin-induced antibodies: a retrospective study in outpatients undergoing hemodialysis on unfractionated heparin

Heparin-induced antibodies (HIA) are responsible for causing heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis. Research has shown that the temporality of heparin-induced antibodies does not follow the classic immunologic response. The immunobiology of HIA generation remains unclear with varying in vitro and in vivo data. Outpatients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) are exposed to heparin chronically. The HIA immune response can therefore be investigated in vivo in this population. We examined the time between the start of HD using unfractionated heparin and HIA levels in 212 outpatients during a 6-year period. Antibodies were detected on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. HIA levels were analyzed to determine significance of the trend over time. HIA subgroups were also analyzed for correlation with subsequent thrombotic events and platelet count during follow up. Overall, the HIA response in HD was found to peak early with waning antibody response despite continued exposure to heparin. The peak prevalence of a strong immune response (optical density > 1.000) was early and short lived, while weaker immune response (optical density 0.400–1.000) persisted for the first 6 months then declined. The mean follow-up time per patient was 2.3 ± 1.4 years. Despite circulating HIA, including high titers, no patients developed HIT in this sample. There was no association between HIA and thrombocytopenia. There was increased incidence of thrombosis in patients with strong HIA compared to other groups, but this did not achieve statistical significance. The data suggest a significant temporal pattern of HIA in outpatients undergoing HD using unfractionated heparin. Positive HIA was not found to be significantly associated with thrombocytopenia or thrombosis risk in these patients. However, while not achieving statistical significance, subsequent thrombotic events occurred most frequently in the strong positive HIA group (optical density > 1.000). Further research into HIA and risk of thrombosis in this population is needed.
Improvements in Back and Leg Pain After Minimally Invasive Lumbar Decompression.

Few studies have quantified clinical improvement following minimally invasive lumbar decompression based on predominant back pain or leg pain. To quantify improvement in patient-reported outcomes following minimally invasive lumbar decompression and determine the degree of improvement in back pain, leg pain, and disability in patients who present with predominant back pain or predominant leg pain. Patients who underwent primary, one-level minimally invasive lumbar decompression for degenerative pathology were retrospectively reviewed. Comparisons of visual analog scale (VAS) back and leg pain scores, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores, and Short Form-12 (SF-12) mental and physical component scores from pre-operative to 6-week, 12-week, 6-month, and 1-year follow-up. Subgroup analyses were performed for patients with predominant back pain or predominant leg pain. A total of 102 patients were identified. Scores on VAS back and leg pain, ODI, and SF-12 physical component improved from pre-operative to all post-operative time points. After 1 year, patients reported a 2.8-point (47%) reduction in back pain and a 4-point (61.1%) reduction in leg pain scores; 52 patients with predominant back pain and 50 patients with predominant leg pain reported reductions in pain throughout the year following surgery. In both the back and leg pain cohorts, patients experienced reductions in ODI during the first 6 months and throughout 1-year follow-up, respectively. The majority of patients achieved minimum clinically important difference, regardless of predominant symptom. Patients reported improvements in back and leg pain following minimally invasive lumbar decompression regardless of predominant presenting symptom; however, patients with predominant leg pain may experience greater improvement than those with predominant back pain.
Low Cost UUV's for Military Applications: Is the Technology Ready?

Abstract : Unmanned undersea vehicle (UUV) technology received major support within the military arena during its early years of development. The support then declined just as commercial interest picked up. Today, larger UUVs are going commercial in support of offshore oilfield and pipeline route surveys. In addition, the academic community is pushing the technology in the area of smaller low-cost vehicles. Because of the high rate of commercial growth in the UUV area, the military is once again interested in the leverage provided by UUVs. This paper will review the military missions where lower cost UUVs are being considered and whether the state-of-the-art is sufficiently advanced to support these requirements.
Effect of Al, Ti and Cr additions on the γ-γ’ microstructure of W-free Co-Ta-V-Based superalloys

Abstract The recently-discovered metastable γ′-Co3(Ta0.76V0.24) phase formed on aging in a Co-6Ta-6V (at.%) ternary alloy is stabilized by partial replacement of Ta and V with Al and Ti. In two alloys with composition Co-6Al-3Ta-3V and Co-5Al-3Ta-3V-1Ti with γ+γ′ microstructure, the γ′-precipitates remain stable for up to 168 h at 850 and 900 °C, with no precipitation of additional phases. Adding Ni and B and doubling the Ti concentration produces a γ/γ′ superalloy, Co-10Ni-5Al-3Ta-3V-2Ti-0.04B (at.%), with γ′ precipitates which are stable up to six weeks of aging at 850 °C, while slowly coarsening and coalescing from cuboidal to elongated shapes. After one day of aging at 850 °C, the γ′ nanoprecipitates have a (Co0.83Ni0.17)3(Ta0.42Al0.23Ti0.19V0.15B0.01) composition, with Al and Ti replacing at the same rate both Ta and V in the original metastable Co3(Ta0.76V0.24) phase. To improve oxidation resistance, 4% Cr is added to the new superalloy, resulting in a somewhat higher volume fraction of finer cuboidal γ′ precipitates after one week of aging at 850 °C, but no other deleterious phases. These W- and Mo-free γ/γ′ superalloys show good creep resistance at 850 °C, on par with two other recent Co-base γ/γ′ superalloys: (i) Co-9W-9Al-8Cr (at.%) which has higher density due to its high W content, and (ii) Co-30Ni-10Al-5Mo-2Nb (at.%) which has lower density (as it is W-free) but contains triple the Ni concentration.
Correction to: Resident Attitudes About Mental Health: a Real-Time Smart Phone Survey.

The original version of this article was updated to correct the in-text citations to Tables 1 and 2.
Implementation of a sentinel lymph node mapping algorithm for endometrial cancer: surgical outcomes and hospital charges

Introduction The purpose of this study was to compare operative times, surgical outcomes, resource utilization, and hospital charges before and after the implementation of a sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping algorithm in endometrial cancer. Methods All patients with clinical stage I endometrial cancer were identified pre- (2012) and post- (2017) implementation of the SLN algorithm. Clinical data were summarized and compared between groups. Total hospital charges incurred on the day of surgery were extracted from the hospital financial system for each patient and all charges were adjusted to 2017 US dollars. Results A total of 203 patients were included: 71 patients in 2012 and 130 patients in 2017. There was no difference in median age, body mass index, or stage. In 2012, 35/71 patients (49.3%) underwent a lymphadenectomy. In 2017, SLN mapping was attempted in 120/130 patients (92.3%) and at least one SLN was identified in 110/120 (91.7%). Median estimated blood loss was similar between groups (100 mL vs 75 mL, p=0.081). There was a significant decrease in both median operative time (210 vs 171 min, p=0.007) and utilization of intraoperative frozen section (63.4% vs 14.6%, p Discussion Implementation of an SLN mapping algorithm for high- and low-risk endometrial cancer resulted in a decrease in both operative time and intraoperative frozen section utilization with no change in surgical morbidity. While hospital charges did not significantly change, further studies are warranted to assess the true cost of SLN mapping.
Should we give up on motivational interviewing? Not so fast.

A large, well-designed, randomised controlled trial found that MOVE IT, a motivational interviewing intervention, did not increase physical activity or lead to weight loss among people at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD).1 That means we should give up on motivational interviewing, right? The trial described in the Heart article by Ismail and colleagues1 provides important information on a known gap in the literature. A recent systematic review found insufficient evidence to make conclusions regarding the utility of motivational interviewing for preventing and/or treating CVD.2 Ismail and colleagues1 found that neither group nor individual MOVE IT improved primary outcomes (physical activity, weight loss), nor did MOVE IT affect other related factors, such as lipids or CVD risk score (secondary outcomes). Further, MOVE IT was not cost-effective compared with usual care. These findings suggest it may be inefficient to pay for multisession, in-person, low-intensity motivational interviewing-based interventions with the goal of preventing CVD. Unlike many other studies of motivational interviewing interventions,2 3 Ismail and colleagues1 reported therapist training and fidelity measures, noting that therapists were generally proficient. They also reported that most participants set goals that were at least partially achieved. As a result, we know that study therapists provided a form of enhanced motivational interviewing, and that participants engaged in the intervention. At the same time, there is reason to believe that MOVE IT was not offered to the population most likely to benefit …
Impact of Nontraditional Level I Fieldwork on Critical Thinking.

Importance: Level I fieldwork is an integral part of occupational therapy education, yet limited research exists on how it affects the development of critical thinking skills. Objective: To compare the influence of a nontraditional Level I fieldwork experience with that of a traditional Level I fieldwork experience on the development of critical thinking. Design: Nonrandomized, pretest–posttest design. Setting: Traditional and nontraditional Level I fieldwork. Participants: Seventy-three fourth-semester Master of Occupational Therapy students enrolled in a physical disabilities or psychosocial Level I fieldwork course. Each group completed the Health Sciences Reasoning Test (HSRT) at the beginning and end of each semester. Intervention: Sixteen-week nontraditional fieldwork or two 1-wk traditional fieldworks. Outcomes and Measures: HSRT. Results: All students showed a significant increase in scores on the Analysis subtest of the HSRT (p = .004). Both Analysis (p = .001) and overall HSRT (p = .025) scores improved significantly for 55 students who completed nontraditional fieldwork. Students who completed nontraditional fieldwork and had taken multiple previous science classes (p = .014) and had a higher grade point average (p = .033) had a greater likelihood of improving their HSRT score. Conclusion and Relevance: Although in this pilot study both Level I traditional and nontraditional fieldwork improved critical thinking, further development and examination of pedagogical approaches that facilitate critical thinking are needed. What This Article Adds: Both traditional and nontraditional Level I fieldwork can improve occupational therapy students’ critical thinking skills.
Change in Patient MELD-Na and Albumin Level From the Time of Celiac Disease Diagnosis to Six Months Later After Gluten-Free Diet

Background & aims Celiac disease (CD) is a multisystem disorder triggered by dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals that may affect any organ system, including the liver. We evaluated a change in patient model for end-stage liver disease (MELD)-Na and albumin level from the time of celiac disease diagnosis to six months later, after implementing a gluten-free diet. Methods A retrospective study was conducted from January 1, 2006, to June 30, 2018. CD was diagnosed based on celiac antibodies and/or histopathological data. MELD-Na and albumin were calculated at the start of the gluten-free diet and six months later. Additional variables like gender, ethnicity, serum IgA level, serum IgG level, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type, and markers of end-stage liver disease were collected. Descriptive statistics, including means, were reported with the standard deviation for the continuous variables along with frequencies and percentages for all categorical variables. Results A total of 18 patients (55.6% male) were identified as having both cirrhosis and CD. The mean age at the time of celiac diagnosis was 53.6, and 94.4% were Caucasian. CD was diagnosed using celiac antibodies (100%) and histopathological data (44.4%). Most common celiac antibodies include anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (77.8%). End-stage liver disease markers like abdominal ascites (55.6%), variceal bleed (50.0%), acute or chronic kidney injury (16.7%), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (11.1%), hepatic encephalopathy (HE) (50.0%), spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) (5.6%), and liver transplant (0.0%) were seen. The mean baseline MELD-Na score was 11.8, and albumin was 3.5 at the time of celiac diagnosis and mean MELD-Na was 11.8, and albumin was 3.5 six months after a gluten-free diet. Conclusion It is difficult to conclude any exact relationship between change in MELD-Na score after gluten-free diet, but an improving trend is noted in patients with higher MELD-Na score such as 17 or higher. There is no change or worsening of MELD-Na score in patients with lower MELD-Na score. There was no change in mean MELD-Na and albumin level after gluten-free diet.