cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
"Feeling confident and equipped": Evaluating the acceptability and efficacy of an overdose response and naloxone administration intervention to service industry employees in New York City.

Abstract Background The problem of injection drug use in public bathrooms has been documented from the perspectives of people who inject drugs and service industry employees (SIEs). Previous studies suggest that SIEs are unaware of how to respond to opioid overdoses, yet there are no behavioral interventions designed for SIEs to address their specific needs. In response to this gap in the field, we constructed, implemented, and evaluated a three-module behavioral intervention for SIEs grounded in the Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills model. This paper focuses on the evaluation of one module, namely, the intervention component addressing overdose response and naloxone administration (ORNA). Methods Participants were SIEs (N = 18 from two separate business establishments) recruited using convenience sampling. The study utilized a pre-/post-test concurrent nested mixed method design and collected quantitative and qualitative data including an evaluation of the intervention module. The primary outcomes were opioid overdose-related knowledge and attitudes. Acceptability was also assessed. Results SIEs demonstrated significant improvements (p Conclusions This study highlights the acceptability and evidence of efficacy of the ORNA module, as well as the utility of training SIEs in ORNA. The expansion of this training to other SIEs and public employees (librarians, etc.) who manage public bathrooms warrants further investigation.
The new tenement: residences in the inner city since 1970

In the three pages of the preface, Florian Urban beautifully summarizes what is at stake in The New Tenement. Urban frames what he calls the ‘return to the inner city’ since 1970 through his own ex...
Increased Healthcare-Associated Infections in a Surgical Intensive Care Unit Related to Boarding Non-Surgical Patients.

Abstract Background: Hospital over-capacity often forces boarding patients outside of their designated intensive care unit (ICU). Anecdotal evidence suggested medical intensive care unit (MICU) pat...
Beyond Happiness: Minority Stress and Life Meaning Among LGB Individuals

Scholars have recently started to examine how minority stressors are associated with wellbeing outcomes among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people. Such studies have examined mainly hedonic wellbeing, and those that have investigated eudaimonic wellbeing have tended to use composite measures. The present study draws from this literature to examine how minority stressors are associated with a key indicator of eudaimonic wellbeing: life meaning. Drawing from the minority stress model, we examined these associations using structural equation modeling among 266 LGB adults. Expectations of rejection and identity concealment, but not discrimination or internalized homophobia, had significant negative associations with life meaning. Discrimination had negative indirect associations with life meaning via expectations of rejection and concealment. Our results highlight the nuanced relations that exist between minority stressors and life meaning and highlight the need to move beyond composite measures of wellbeing. Implications for clinical practice and directions for research are discussed.
The matter fluctuation amplitude inferred from the weak lensing power spectrum and correlation function in CFHTLenS data

Based on the cosmic shear data from the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Lensing Survey (CFHTLenS), Kilbinger et al. (2013) obtained a constraint on the amplitude of matter fluctuations of $\sigma_8({\Omega_\mathrm{m}}/0.27)^{0.6}=0.79\pm0.03$ from the two-point correlation function (2PCF). This is $\approx3\sigma$ lower than the value $0.89\pm0.01$ derived from Planck data on cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies. On the other hand, based on the same CFHTLenS data, but using the power spectrum, and performing a different analysis, Liu et al. (2015) obtained the higher value of $\sigma_8({\Omega_\mathrm{m}}/0.27)^{0.64}=0.87^{+0.05}_{-0.06}$. We here investigate the origin of this difference, by performing a fair side-by-side comparison of the 2PCF and power spectrum analyses on CFHTLenS data. We find that these two statistics indeed deliver different results, even when applied to the same data in an otherwise identical procedure. We identify excess power in the data on small scales ($\ell>5,000$) driving the larger values inferred from the power spectrum. We speculate on the possible origin of this excess small-scale power. More generally, our results highlight the utility of analysing the 2PCF and the power spectrum in tandem, to discover (and to help control) systematic errors.
Cardiac myosin binding protein-C phosphorylation regulates the super-relaxed state of myosin

Phosphorylation of cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) accelerates cardiac contractility. However, the mechanisms by which cMyBP-C phosphorylation increases contractile kinetics have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that phosphorylation of cMyBP-C releases myosin heads from the inhibited super-relaxed state (SRX), thereby determining the fraction of myosin available for contraction. Mice with various alanine (A) or aspartic acid (D) substitutions of the three main phosphorylatable serines of cMyBP-C (serines 273, 282, and 302) were used to address the association between cMyBP-C phosphorylation and SRX. Single-nucleotide turnover in skinned ventricular preparations demonstrated that phosphomimetic cMyBP-C destabilized SRX, whereas phospho-ablated cMyBP-C had a stabilizing effect on SRX. Strikingly, phosphorylation at serine 282 site was found to play a critical role in regulating the SRX. Treatment of WT preparations with protein kinase A (PKA) reduced the SRX, whereas, in nonphosphorylatable cMyBP-C preparations, PKA had no detectable effect. Mice with stable SRX exhibited reduced force production. Phosphomimetic cMyBP-C with reduced SRX exhibited increased rates of tension redevelopment and reduced binding to myosin. We also used recombinant myosin subfragment-2 to disrupt the endogenous interaction between cMyBP-C and myosin and observed a significant reduction in the population of SRX myosin. This peptide also increased force generation and rate of tension redevelopment in skinned fibers. Taken together, this study demonstrates that the phosphorylation-dependent interaction between cMyBP-C and myosin is a determinant of the fraction of myosin available for contraction. Furthermore, the binding between cMyBP-C and myosin may be targeted to improve contractile function.
Quantifying the Differences in Documentation and Modeling Levels for Building Pathology and Diagnostics

Building pathology and diagnostics enable a practitioner to quantify the severity of damage to an existing structure as well as prioritize interventive and preventive measures. Two key aspects of building pathology and diagnostics are documentation and analysis to understand how damage could have occurred on a structure and how it affects overall stability. Within these two methods there are various levels which a practitioner can utilize. The aim of the present work is to quantify the differences in documentation and modeling levels to understand how they affect the overall process of building pathology and delineate the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Using combinations of photogrammetry, laser scanning, thermal imaging, distinct element modeling, and finite-distinct element modeling, this work seeks to understand how differences in the level of numerical modeling affect damage diagnoses as well as how differences in documentation levels affect damage diagnoses. In particular, the advantages and disadvantages of simulations using simplified micro-modeling versus detailed micro-modeling, the effects of small perturbations to modeling geometry, and the influences of initial conditions are explored. These questions are examined through the use of two case studies including the foundation walls of the Baptistery di San Giovanni in Florence, Italy and a wall in Palazzo Vecchio in Florence, Italy.
Functional Outcome of Adulthood Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy for Spastic Diplegia

Objective The medical evidence supporting the efficacy of selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) on children with spastic diplegia is strong. However, the outcome of SDR on adults with spastic diplegia remains undetermined. The aim is to study the effectiveness and morbidities of SDR performed on adults for the treatment of spastic diplegia. Methods Patients who received SDR in adulthood for the treatment of spastic diplegia were surveyed. The survey questionnaire addressed the living situation, education level, employment, health outcomes, postoperative changes of symptoms, changes in ambulatory function, adverse effects of SDR and orthopedic surgery after SDR. Results The study included 64 adults, who received SDR for spastic diplegia. The age at the time of surgery was between 18 and 50 years. The age at the time of the survey was between 20 and 52 years. The follow-up period ranged from one to 28 years. The study participants reported post-SDR improvements of the quality of walking in 91%, standing in 81%, sitting in 57%, balance while walking 75%, ability to exercise in 88%, endurance in 77%, and recreational sports in 43%. Muscle and joint pain present before surgery improved in 64% after surgery. Concerning the level of ambulatory function, all patients who walked independently in all environments maintained the same level of ambulatory function. Eighteen percent of the patients who walked independently in some environments improved to the independent walking in all environments. All patients who walked with an assistive device before SDR maintained the assistive walking after SDR. Concerning adverse effects of SDR, 50% (32 of 64 patients) developed numbness in the various parts of the legs. Two patients reported a complete loss of sensation in parts of the legs, and one patient reported numbness and constant pain in the bilateral lower extremities. Ten patients (16%) reported recurrent spasticity after SDR, and three patients (5%) reported ankle clonus, which is an objective sign of spasticity. Tendon lengthening surgery after SDR was needed in 27% and hip and knee surgery in 2% and 6%, respectively. Conclusions The great majority of our 64 patients, who received adulthood SDR for spastic diplegia, improved the quality of ambulation and abated signs of early aging. Numbness and diminished sensation in the lower extremity was the most common adverse effect of the adulthood SDR.
Association of Statin Use With Kidney Damage and Function Among HIV-Infected Men.

Background:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) occurs commonly among HIV-infected persons. Statins may delay CKD onset and progression through their cholesterol-lowering and pleiotropic effects.Methods:Among 850 HIV-infected men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study with stored urine samples (2009–2011),
INVITED: Essential Building Blocks for Creating an Open-source EDA Project

Open source has started energizing both industrial and academic research and development in electronic design automation (EDA) systems. By moving to open source, we can speed up our effort and work with others who are working toward the same goals, while reducing costs and improving end products. However, building an open-source project is much more than placing the codebase on the web. In this paper, we will talk about essential building blocks to create an impactful open-source project, including source repository, project landing page, documentation, and continuous integration. We will also cover the use of web-based frameworks to design a showcase project to bring community’s attention. We will then share our experience in developing an open-source timing analyzer (OpenTimer) and a parallel task programming library (Cpp-Taskflow), both of which are being used in many industrial and academic EDA research projects.
Distrust persists after subverting atheist stereotypes

Antiatheist prejudice appears to be common. This prejudice may stem from distrust. However, the factors influencing distrust are not fully understood. The current research identified common stereot...
Deep learning-enabled holography (Conference Presentation)

Deep learning is a class of machine learning techniques that uses multi-layered artificial neural networks for automated analysis of signals or data. The name comes from the general structure of deep neural networks, which consist of several layers of artificial neurons, each performing a nonlinear operation, stacked over each other. Beyond its main stream applications such as the recognition and labeling of specific features in images, deep learning holds numerous opportunities for revolutionizing image formation, reconstruction and sensing fields. In this presentation, I will provide an overview of some of our recent work on the use of deep neural networks in advancing holographic microscopy and sensing systems, also covering their biomedical applications.
Comparison of proinsulin to C-peptide ratio in children with and without type 1 diabetes and its relation to age

Purpose This study aimed to compare the proinsulin to C-peptide (PI:C) ratio in those with recent-onset type 1 diabetes versus those with no diabetes and to explore the effect of age on PI:C ratio. Methods Nineteen participants (n=9 with type 1 diabetes and n=10 with no diabetes) between 10 and 19 years of age were enrolled in a single-visit cross-sectional study and underwent blood collection after 10 hours fasting to measure proinsulin and C-peptide levels as well as other glycemic parameters. Results The median PI:C ratio was significantly different between type 1 diabetes and nondiabetes groups (6.24% vs. 1.46%, Pl0.01). A significant negative correlation was seen between PI:C ratio and patient age after adjustment for duration of diabetes (r2=0.61, P=0.02) in the type 1 diabetes group. Conclusion Even in this narrow age window, a higher degree of β-cell dysfunction indicated by a higher PI:C ratio was seen in younger children.
Enzymes Utilizing Glutamine as an Amide Donor

Amide nitrogen from glutamine is a major source of nitrogen atoms incorporated biosynthetically into other amino acids, purine and pyrimidine bases, amino-sugars, and coenzymes. A family comprised of at least sixteen amidotransferases are known to catalyze amide nitrogen transfer from glutamine to their acceptor substrates. Recent fine structural advances, largely as a result of X-ray crystallography, now provide structure-based mechanisms that help to explain fundamental aspects of the catalytic and regulatory interactions of several of these aminotransferases. This chapter provides an overview of this recent progress made on the characterization of amidotransferase structure and mechanism.
Sensitivity of neutrinos to the supernova turbulence power spectrum: Point source statistics

The neutrinos emitted from the proto-neutron star created in a core-collapse supernova must run through a significant amount of turbulence before exiting the star. Turbulence can modify the flavor evolution of the neutrinos imprinting itself upon the signal detected here at Earth. The turbulence effect upon individual neutrinos, and the correlation between pairs of neutrinos, might exhibit sensitivity to the power spectrum of the turbulence, and recent analysis of the turbulence in a two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulation of a core-collapse supernova indicates the power spectrum may not be the Kolmogorov $5/3$ inverse power law as has been previously assumed. In this paper we study the effect of non-Kolmogorov turbulence power spectra upon neutrinos from a point source as a function of neutrino energy and turbulence amplitude at a fixed postbounce epoch. We find the two effects of turbulence upon the neutrinos---the distorted phase effect and the stimulated transitions---both possess strong and weak limits in which dependence upon the power spectrum is absent or evident, respectively. Since neutrinos of a given energy will exhibit these two effects at different epochs of the supernova each with evolving strength, we find there is sensitivity to the power spectrum present in the neutrino burst signal from a Galactic supernova.
How Will Genetics Inform the Clinical Care of Atrial Fibrillation

Susceptibility to atrial fibrillation (AF) is determined by well-recognized risk factors such as diabetes mellitus or hypertension, emerging risk factors such as sleep apnea or inflammation, and increasingly well-defined genetic variants. As discussed in detail in a companion article in this series, studies in families and in large populations have identified multiple genetic loci, specific genes, and specific variants increasing susceptibility to AF. Since it is becoming increasingly inexpensive to obtain genotype data and indeed whole genome sequence data, the question then becomes to define whether using emerging new genetics knowledge can improve care for patients both before and after development of AF. Examples of improvements in care could include identifying patients at increased risk for AF (and thus deploying increased surveillance or even low-risk preventive therapies should these be available), identifying patient subsets in whom specific therapies are likely to be effective or ineffective or in whom the driving biology could motivate the development of new mechanism-based therapies or identifying an underlying susceptibility to comorbid cardiovascular disease. While current guidelines for the care of patients with AF do not recommend routine genetic testing, this rapidly increasing knowledge base suggests that testing may now or soon have a place in the management of select patients. The opportunity is to generate, validate, and deploy clinical predictors (including family history) of AF risk, to assess the utility of incorporating genomic variants into those predictors, and to identify and validate interventions such as wearable or implantable device-based monitoring ultimately to intervene in patients with AF before they present with catastrophic complications like heart failure or stroke.
Proteinaceous corals as proxy archives of paleo-environmental change

Abstract High-resolution marine data are critical to evaluating anthropogenic impacts on our environment. Considering the spatial and temporal limitations of direct instrumental measurements, proxy data extracted from marine environmental archives are necessary to separate anthropogenic changes from those that would occur naturally. The majority of late-Holocene, high resolution environmental reconstructions are derived from marine carbonates including tropical scleractinian corals, bivalves, crustose coralline algae, and sclerosponges. However, these archives are restricted to the top hundreds of meters of the water column, and only preserve environmental variability that is captured by calcium carbonate skeletons. At a very few select locations, marine sediments archive annual environmental variability in organic and inorganic materials. Recently, additional types of corals are proving to yield information complimentary to these traditional marine archives, including cold water scleractinian corals and proteinaceous corals. A taxonomically-diverse group, the proteinaceous corals are broadly defined as those having a branching gross-morphology with skeleton comprised at least partly of protein-rich organic material. They encode characteristics of their food and ambient environment into the chemical and physical composition of their skeleton. This environmental-encoding combined with their banded skeleton and significant longevity means that proteinaceous corals hold information in their skeleton that helps fill the spatial and temporal gaps in our knowledge of past and present ocean conditions. Here I review the environmental reconstructions derived from geochemical measurements of the proteinaceous coral skeletons. This information is grouped into the mesopelagic environmental variability captured in the skeleton of bamboo corals, surface processes captured in the organic skeletons of corals across all ocean depths, and environmental variability documented by skeletal radiometric isotopes. We include animals from two separate subclasses within the class Anthozoa, including the parasitic Zoanthids that secrete a sclero-proteic skeleton. Since the proteinaceous corals are taxonomically diverse, we consider the unique features that define this group of corals including their distribution, morphology, nutrition, and longevity. We find that uncertainty surrounding biological parameters limits the precision of reconstructions derived from the calcitic skeleton; in contrast, analytical effort and cost constrain the number of reconstructions from the organic skeleton. Through this discussion, we provide insights into the uses, challenges, and directions for future research for this important environmental archive.
Spatiotemporal expression of regulatory kinases directs the transition from mitotic growth to cellular morphogenesis

Summary Embryogenesis depends on a tightly regulated balance between mitotic growth, differentiation, and morphogenesis. Understanding how the embryo uses a relatively small number of proteins to transition between growth and morphogenesis is a central question of developmental biology, but the mechanisms controlling mitosis and differentiation are considered to be fundamentally distinct. Here we show the mitotic kinase Polo, which regulates all steps of mitosis from mitotic entry to cytokinesis [1–3], also directs cellular morphogenesis after cell cycle exit. In mitotic cells, Aurora B (AurB) activates Polo to control a cytoskeletal regulatory module that directs cytokinesis [4–6]. In the post-mitotic mesoderm of late stage embryos, the control of Polo activation transitions to the uncharacterized kinase Back Seat Driver (Bsd), where Bsd activates Polo to direct muscle morphogenesis. The transition between mitotic growth and morphogenesis is accomplished through the spatiotemporal transcriptional regulation of AurB and Bsd. The functions of Bsd and Polo are conserved, arguing that regulating kinase expression to activate cytoskeletal regulatory modules is a widely used strategy to direct cellular morphogenesis.
The perception of color and material in naturalistic tasks

Abstract Perceived object color and material help us to select and interact with objects. Because there is no simple mapping between the pattern of an object’s image on the retina and its physical reflectance, our perceptions of color and material are the result of sophisticated visual computations. A long-standing goal in vision science is to describe how these computations work, particularly as they act to stabilize perceived color and material against variation in scene factors extrinsic to object surface properties, such as the illumination. If we take seriously the notion that perceived color and material are useful because they help guide behavior in natural tasks, then we need experiments that measure and models that describe how they are used in such tasks. To this end, we have developed selection-based methods and accompanying perceptual models for studying perceived object color and material. This focused review highlights key aspects of our work. It includes a discussion of future directions and challenges, as well as an outline of a computational observer model that incorporates early, known, stages of visual processing and that clarifies how early vision shapes selection performance. Media Summary Perceived object color and material help us to select and interact with objects. There is no simple mapping between the pattern of an object’s image on the retina and its physical reflectance; our perceptions of color and material are the result of sophisticated visual computations. A long-standing goal in vision science is to describe how these computations work. We have developed selection-based methods and accompanying perceptual models for studying perceived object color and material. This focused review highlights key aspects of our work and includes a discussion of future directions and challenges.
Comunidad Catrileo+Carrión: práctica artística y regeneración política epupillan en Wallmapu

In this paper I will reflect about two artistic residency experiences where I participated as member of the artistic epupillan mapuche “Catrileo+Carrion” community. This reflection will seek to outline the procedures through which we engaged with two different communities, La Mesa de la Mujer Rural de Tolten and the Comunidad de Tejedores de Neltume in the borderland indigenous territory of Chile called Wallmapu. Through two epupillan Mapuche procedures: poyewun nutram/trawun (affective conversation/reunion) and trafkin kimun witral (weaving knowledge exchange), we collectively created two publications, a video-essay and a mixed media installation, respectively. These two methodological procedures will be conceptualized as a way of resisting coloniality of knowledge reflecting along with Qwo-Li Driskill’s (2015) decolonial skillshares practice/idea. Finally I will outline the impact of these procedures both for our collective practice and for the communities we collaborated with.
Motivation and Exercise in Rural Postmenopausal Women

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to explore the relationships among psychological needs, motivation regulations, autonomy support, and physical activity (PA) behavior in rural and urban postmenopausal women within the Self Determination Theory (SDT) framework. Sample: The convenience sample included 114 rural postmenopausal women (RPMW) and 56 urban postmenopausal women (UPMW) recruited from three Midwestern states. Method: Subjects completed surveys in paper form which included instruments to measure basic psychological needs, motivation regulations, autonomy support, and PA behavior. Findings: Results indicate a mix of relationships among psychological needs and intrinsic motivation in rural and urban women. There was a significant correlation (r = .274, n = 169, p = 0.04) between intrinsic motivation and relatedness in RPMW, indicating these women find motivation in meaningful relationships. Conclusions: The strength of this research exists in the introduction of a significant correlation between intrinsic motivation to exercise and relatedness in RPMW. Previous work with SDT has shown autonomy and competence as motivating factors regarding physical activity behavior in women. This research indicates that for RPMW relatedness is also an important determinant of intrinsic motivation. This data suggests that psychological needs and motivational regulations are dissimilar for RPMW and UPMW regarding exercise behavior. DOI: http://doi.org/10.14574/ojrnhc.v20i2.623
Fat Regulates Inflammatory Arthritis

Obesity is associated with inflammatory arthritis (IA) but the mechanisms linking adipose tissue to joint inflammation are enigmatic. We explored this issue by selectively expressing diphtheria toxin in adipose tissue yielding “fat-free” (FF) mice completely lacking white and brown fat. FF mice exhibit systemic neutrophilia and elevated serum acute phase proteins, suggesting predisposition to severe IA. Surprisingly, however, FF mice are completely resistant to K/BxN serum-induced IA, maintaining normal ankle and paw thickness and no evidence of enhanced osteoclastogenesis or periarticular bone destruction. Despite their robust systemic basal neutrophilia, no neutrophil infiltration into joints of FF mice occurs when challenged with K/BxN serum. Absence of adiponectin, leptin or both has no effect on joint disease but deletion of the adipokine, adipsin (complement factor D) completely prevents serum-induced IA. Confirming fat-ex-pressed adipsin modulates the disorder, transplantation of WT adipose tissue into FF mice is sufficient to restore susceptibility to IA, whereas recipients of adipsin-deficient fat remain resistant. Our studies provide the first direct evi-dence that adipose tissue regulates development of IA and reveal a previously unrecognized pathway in which adipocytes modify neutrophil responses in distant tissues by producing adipsin.
French Dis-integration: new identity formation processes in 30° Couleur

‘Integration’ expects immigrants to conform to a certain idea of Frenchness. While ‘integration’ has been and continues to be the watchword in French politics, recent directors contend that new and decolonized French identities are formed through different mechanisms. This article argues that Lucien Jean-Baptiste and Philippe Larue in "30° Couleur" present a protagonist of Martinican descent who comes to terms with his previously compartmentalized Frenchness through a process that this research conceives as a process of "dis-integration", challenging the perceived notion that ‘integration’ is the only valid path to being French. The process of dis-integration has three fundamental steps: (1) the physical dissociation of the protagonist from his space of integration, (2) the rediscovery and reconnection with a deep part of his identity that he had (un)consciously repressed and subsequently erased and (3) the acceptance of his double or plural identity and the creation of a space where these identities can co-exist without dominating or annihilating one another.
Microstructural Measures of the Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus Predict Later Cognitive and Language Development in Infants Born With Extremely Low Birth Weight.

Objective Extremely preterm children are at high risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Identifying predictors of discrete developmental outcomes early in life would allow for targeted neuroprotective therapies when neuroplasticity is at its peak. Our goal was to examine whether diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) metrics of the inferior longitudinal and uncinate fasciculi early in life could predict later cognitive and language outcomes. Study design In this pilot study, 43 extremely low-birth-weight preterm infants were scanned using diffusion MRI at term-equivalent age. White matter tracts were assessed via diffusion tensor imaging metrics of fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity. The Language and Cognitive subscale scores of the Bayley Scales of Infant & Toddler Development-III at 18-22 months corrected age were our outcomes of interest. Multiple linear regression models were created to assess diffusion metrics of the inferior longitudinal and uncinate fasciculi as predictors of Bayley scores. We controlled for brain injury score on structural MRI, maternal education, birth weight, and age at MRI scan. Results Of the 43 infants, 36 infants had high-quality diffusion tensor imaging and returned for developmental testing. The fractional anisotropy of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus was associated with Bayley-III scores in univariate analyses and was an independent predictor of Bayley-III cognitive and language development over and above known predictors in multivariable analyses. Conclusions Incorporating new biomarkers such as the fractional anisotropy of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus with structural MRI findings could enhance accuracy of neurodevelopment predictive models. Additional research is needed to validate our findings in a larger cohort.
Radicalizing Theory and the Interpretive Crisis of Intellectual History

The contemporary historian Dominick La Capra in his influential text Rethinking Intellectual History observes that the consensus of intellectual historians is that their field is in a crisis so fundamental that the very nature and objectives of the discipline are in question.1 This essay will show one way of presenting the chief systematic and conceptual, as well as some of the historical reasons why that crisis was inevitable.
Fetal cephalic metabolism in sheep.

Abstract A model to permit some studies of the intrauterine fetal cephalic metabolism in sheep has been developed. Using this model, we have demonstrated that there is fundamentally no change in fetal cephalic blood flow, fetal arterial oxygen tension, and CO 2 tension in the normal intrauterine fetus as compared with an exteriorized preparation. There does, however, seem to be a decrease in circulating blood glucose and an increase in pH in the recovered intrauterine fetal preparation. Calculations have been made of the cerebral oxygen consumption as well as glucose consumption, and it would appear that both oxygen and glucose consumption in the fetus are roughly equivalent to that in the adult.
Photodynamic therapy provides local control of cholangiocarcinoma in patients awaiting liver transplantation

Many transplant centers use endoscopically directed brachytherapy to provide locoregional control in patients with otherwise incurable cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) who are awaiting liver transplantation (LT). The use of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-directed photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an alternative to brachytherapy for providing locoregional control in this patient population has not been studied. The aim of this study was to report on our initial experience using ERCP-directed PDT to provide local control in patients with unresectable CCA who were awaiting LT. Patients with unresectable CCA who underwent protocol-driven neoadjuvant chemoradiation and ERCP-directed PDT with the intent of undergoing LT were reviewed. Four patients with confirmed or suspected CCA met the inclusion criteria for protocol LT. All four patients (100%) successfully underwent ERCP-directed PDT. All patients had chemoradiation dose delays, and two patients had recurrent cholangitis despite PDT. None of these patients had progressive locoregional disease or distant metastasis following PDT. All four patients (100%) underwent LT. Intention-to-treat disease-free survival was 75% at mean follow-up of 28.1 months. In summary, ERCP-directed PDT is a reasonably well tolerated and safe procedure that may have benefit by maintaining locoregional tumor control in patients with CCA who are awaiting LT.
The structure of the gene encoding chain c of the hemoglobin of the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris.

Abstract The complete nucleotide sequence of the gene for chain c of hemoglobin of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris has been determined. The sequence of 4037 base pairs (bp) includes about 310 bp of 5'-flanking sequence and 110 bp 3' to the poly(A) site. Comparison of cDNA and genomic sequences shows four silent differences in codons that suggest the presence of at least two genes. The coding sequence is split by two introns of 1344 and 1169 bp at highly conserved positions (Jhiang, S. M., Garey, J. R., and Riggs, A. F. (1988) Science 240, 334-336). The first intron possesses the unusual 5' splice junction sequence GC instead of GT. Many tandem triplet repeats based on (GAT) and (CCT) are present in the first intron. The second intron has nine tandem repeats based on the consensus sequence AAGGAAGGAGGTC. Each intron has several exact inverted repeats of 9-10 bp that might result in loops of 78-140 nucleotides in the RNA prior to splicing. The sequences in the second intron, at positions 2423-2644 are about 65% identical with parts of several genes found in yeast mitochondria and in DNA from several other organisms.
Blurred lines: Accessibility, disability, and definitional limitations

Using the example of recent access problems caused by Apple’s iOS7 operating system for the iPhone, this paper interrogates the history and utility of the concept of “accessibility.” The term’s reliance on definitions of disability, particularly in the U.S. legal context, and the blurring nature of information technologies have made it increasingly difficult to differentiate between accessibility for people with disabilities and usability concerns for the general public. The author uses disability theory to argue that access is a complicated phenomenon, and that even given the difficulties in establishing definitions of “accessibility,” the concept is worthwhile because it carries with it reminders of the politics of difference, the difficulties of access, the history of disability rights, and the relationship of media to civil rights and public participation.
Mechanics of force propagation in TonB-dependent outer membrane transport

For the uptake of scarce yet essential organometallic compounds, outer membrane transporters of Gram-negative bacteria work in concert with an energy-generating inner membrane complex, thus spanning the periplasmic space to drive active transport. Here, we examine the interaction of TonB, an inner membrane protein, with an outer membrane transporter based upon a recent crystal structure of a TonB-transporter complex to characterize two largely unknown steps of the transport cycle: how energy is transmitted from TonB to the transporter and how energy transduction initiates transport. Simulations of TonB in complex with BtuB reveal that force applied to TonB is transmitted to BtuB without disruption of the very small connection between the two, supporting a mechanical mode of coupling. Based on the results of different pulling simulations, we propose that the force transduction instigates a partial unfolding of the pore-occluding luminal domain of the transporter, a potential step in the transport cycle. Furthermore, analysis of the electrostatic potentials and salt bridge interactions between the two proteins during the simulations hints at involvement of electrostatic forces in long-range interaction and binding of TonB and BtuB.
Effects of pH on membrane resistance in normal and dystrophic mouse skeletal muscle fibers

Abstract Membrane cable properties of skeletal muscle fibers of dystrophic mice (Rej-129) and their littermate controls were examined using a conventional two-microelectrode recording technique. Fibers from dystrophic mice had a decreased membrane resistivity (Rm) compared with those from normal mice (517 ± 27 vs 642 ± 34 Ω − cm2), while the internal resistivities (Ri) did not differ significantly. The increase in membrane specific conductance was due to an increased Cl− conductance (gCl) (2304 vs 1346 μS/cm2 for normal fibers), although the K+ conductance (gK) was actually decreased (234 vs 369 μS/cm2 for normal fibers). With changes in pH, membrane conductances of normal and dystrophic skeletal muscle fibers varied differently, mainly due to differences in effects on the Cl− conductance. This contrast may be due to altered regulation of internal pH in dystrophic muscle.
A Diffeomorphism Classification of Generalized Witten Manifolds

We give a classification of a specific family of seven-dimensional manifolds, the generalized Witten manifolds up to homeomorphism and diffeomorphism. Using an approach suggested by J. Shaneson, we develop a modified surgery theory which fully classifies these manifolds. In contrast to previous approaches, this surgery theory is designed to be more readily applicable to higher dimensions. The family contains examples of manifolds which admit Einstein metrics and are homeomorphic but not diffeomorphic. These particular manifolds occur naturally in differential geometry and are of great interest to both differential geometers and physicists.
Event-free Survival Following Nonemergency Myocardial Revascularization during Hypothermic Fibrillatory Arrest

Abstract To better assess the late results of hypothermic fibrillatory arrest during myocardial revascularization, 1,000 consecutive patients having nonemergency coronary artery grafting during hypothermic fibrillatory arrest from August, 1979, through November, 1984, were studied to determine event-free survival. Hospital mortality was 0.4% and the rate of perioperative myocardial infarction, 1.8%. At follow-up (mean, 30.5 months), 11 patients had sustained an interval nonfatal myocardial infarction, 3 had had percutaneous angioplasty, and 2 had undergone reoperative revascularization. Actuarial survival at five years was 91.6 ± 2.0%. Actuarial event-free rates at five years were 97.7 ± 0.8% for myocardial infarction, 99.4 ± 0.4% for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, 99.5 ± 0.4% for reoperative revascularization, and 88.6 ± 2.2% for all combined morbidity and mortality. Among the 122 patients meeting randomizable admission criteria of the Coronary Artery Surgery Study, there were no operative deaths and no perioperative infarctions, and the actuarial survival was 97.5% at five years. Hypothermic fibrillatory arrest is effective for myocardial preservation during coronary revascularization and when combined with complete revascularization, yields excellent event-free survival.
On Heterogeneous Sensor Node Placement

The current trend for monitoring different parameters in any facility is towards fully integrated surveillance systems using sensor network. For example, sensor network may be deployed over a military installation to monitor temperature, humidity, pressure and surveillance for various equipment or critical regions. Deploying individual sensors node for each parameter would be costly, especially if multiple parameters are to be measured at a single location. This calls for intelligent deployment of sensor nodes with multiple sensing interfaces. In this paper, we propose placement and interface selection algorithm (PISA) for deploying such sensor nodes and selecting their respective sensing interfaces. The inputs to PISA are the various individual regions where different types of parameters are to be measured. These regions are characterized with imaginary nodes (Inodes). PISA works in two phases; firstly, it identifies various clusters of Inodes that can be formed using heterogeneous clustering algorithm and then in the second phase it uses the cluster centers as candidate locations to identify the appropriate sensor node locations and their respective sensing interfaces with the help of genetic algorithm. We discuss the features of PISA and test various example cases via MATLAB simulations. The solutions obtained using PISA enable efficient parameter monitoring over the regions of interest with minimum number of sensor nodes and sensing interfaces.
Distribution of social service expenditures: a study

Because this country is providing more social service through public programs, it is important that professionals as well as policymakers understand how the billions of dollars devoted to these services are being spent. This study investigated patterns of distribution of social service expenditures and found a trend toward equalization of expenditures among the states.
Utilizing space-based GPS technology to determine hydrological properties of soils

Abstract Competition for limited water resources is one of the most critical issues being faced by irrigated agriculture in the United States. Site-specific irrigation applies irrigation water to match the needs of individual management zones within a field, significantly reducing water consumption, runoff, and nutrient leaching in ground water. Remote sensing for real-time and continuous soil moisture measurements at specific depths is essential for success of site-specific irrigation system. The overall objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of utilizing a GPS-based sensor technology to determine site-specific information such as the soil moisture condition by recording the GPS signal reflected from the earth's surface. A modified GPS Delay Mapping Receiver (DMR) tracks and measures the direct, line-of-sight, Right-Hand-Circularly Polarized signal of a GPS satellite. It also simultaneously measures the delayed, earth-reflected, near-specular, Left-Hand-Circularly Polarized GPS signal. These measurements can be used to estimate the surface scattering coefficient and path delays between the direct and reflected GPS signals. Over land, scattering coefficients can be used to estimate changes in soil moisture contents. Our results showed that the space-based technology has a great potential for determining soil volumetric moisture contents in the pursuit of site-specific irrigation management. There were strong correlations between the GPS reflectivity measurements and soil moisture contents. The GPS reflectivity increased as the soil moisture contents increased. Careful analysis of the test data showed very conclusively that the sensitivity of L-Band signal (1.575 GHz) to soil moisture contents changed with soil type and sampling depth. The sensitivity decreased with sampling depth in light soils and increased in heavy soils.
A Decade of Scholarship in Marketing Education.

The teaching environment in business schools has changed dramatically over the last decade. But the last comprehensive review of the scholarship of teaching was conducted more than a decade ago. Wh...
Adaptation by hot spring phototrophs to reduced light intensities

Photosynthesis was measured by the 14C method on natural as well as low light adapted populations of Chloroflexus (a photosynthetic bacterium) and Synechococcus (a blue-green alga) from hot springs in Yellowstone National Park (Wyoming U.S.A.), to test the ability of these phototrophs to photosynthesize at a variety of light intensities. The herbicide 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea (DCMU) was used to distinguish uptake of the blue-green alga from that of the photosynthetic bacterium, while measurements of chlorophyll a and bacterio-chlorophyll c served to quantitate the standing crops of these organisms. Natural populations of Synechococcus were found to be slightly inhibited by full sunlight intensities (summer values can surpass 90000 Lux), whereas the Chloroflexus populations were not. Populations of both phototrophs subjected to reduced light intensities through the use of neutral density filters were found to adapt to low light, and then become severely inhibited by high light intensities. Adaptation to various light regimes may be an important ecological phenomenon to the survival of these hot spring phototrophs.
Quantitative cranial magnetic resonance imaging in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

The volume of acute injury detected by diffusion-weighted imaging and quantitative brain growth on serial cranial magnetic resonance imaging was not previously used to predict neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated with head cooling. Our longitudinal study involved 16 head-cooled term infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy who underwent early and follow-up cranial magnetic resonance imaging and follow-up neurologic evaluations, out of 105 infants who received therapeutic hypothermia. The volume of acute injury was measured on initial cranial magnetic resonance imaging, using diffusion-weighted images. Total brain volumes were measured in both early and follow-up magnetic resonance imaging studies. Acute injury volume in the corpus callosum >0.5 cm3 was associated with developing epilepsy (odds ratio, 20; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1059.6; P = 0.013). Follow-up whole brain volume was reduced in those with unfavorable outcomes (i.e., epilepsy, cerebral palsy, and delayed developmental milestones), compared with infants without all three outcomes. Although acute brain injury volume and brain growth measurements may be useful predictors of outcomes in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, the evolution of brain injury in these infants has yet to be fully understood and should be studied prospectively.