cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimizing the Design of Heat Exchanger Networks in Crude Oil Refineries

The scarcity of energy resources and environmental impacts have made the pursuit of energy efficiency a pressing matter in several industries, such as car manufacturing, consumer appliances, and lighting. Factories and industrial plants also face rising energy costs and tightened energy regulations, and as such, energy conservation efforts often yield significant returns. In chemical plants, energy is used in several forms such as electricity, steam, and gas, and some of its common uses include pumping fluid, running equipment, and heating and cooling. This chapter will primarily focus on designing energy efficient heating and cooling networks for chemical processes, which is illustrated by an application to crude distillation in an oil refinery.
Understanding New Faculty Background, Aspirations, Challenges, and Growth

Early career faculty, defined as those within the first seven years of appointment to a faculty position or those who have not yet received tenure, contribute to the present and create the future of universities and colleges. This chapter contributes to deeper understanding of new faculty by addressing these issues: 1) the demographics of early career faculty; 2) the preparation they receive and the gaps in their graduate and postdoctoral backgrounds; 3) the abilities and skills early career faculty need to succeed in higher education; 4) the expectations early career faculty have for their careers and the challenges they experience in their new roles; 5) the strategies individual early career faculty and institutions can employ to enhance their professional growth; and 6) directions for future research
Toasting México in the American West: Brindis Poems and Political Loyalties of Women’s Mexican Patriotic Clubs

Brindis poems were popular in the nineteenth century. Accompanied by the raise of a glass, their verses were meant to celebrate a person or event. Only two decades after the Mexican-American War, Latinas/os living in the newly annexed territories of the American West found themselves using the brindis genre to declare their loyalties to Mexico against a new invader, France. Among the most ardent supporters of the Mexican army’s fight against French imperialism were lower and middle-class Latinas who formed Mexican patriotic clubs exclusively for women in California and Nevada. This article examines one brindis series recited by women of the Patriotic Club of Mexico of Virginia City, Nevada, and two series of such poems by women of the Zaragoza Club of Los Angeles published in 1865 in the San Francisco, Spanish-language newspaper El Nuevo Mundo . By reading the printed brindis as a trace of the original vocal and performative gesture, this article asserts that the verses of these women were a three-fold protest: first, through their performance in the public sphere, these Latinas disrupted their political disenfranchisement as women; second, they contested outright European tyrants; and third, by verbalizing anti-colonial sentiment more broadly, they protested their annexation by the U.S. in a shrouded, but powerful way. The article explores some of the most salient stylistic features of the brindis poems, including the mocking tone of most of the rhymed verses, call and response technique, and gendered rhetoric of patriotic “deber” or duty.
Some New Insight into the Historical Source of the Chinese Copula Shì/*deʔ 是 (關於繫詞“是”歷史來源的新思考)

The present study is mainly concerned with the nature of the demonstrative shi 是 as the historical source of the copula shi . Tracing the development of shi in bronze inscriptions from the 11 th to 3 rd centuries BCE and comparing the patterns of change against two purportedly contemporary texts, Shī jīng 詩經 and Shang shū 尚書, it argues that shi is not a typical demonstrative in origin because it only occurs pronominally and is strongly associated with the structural expression of focus in its early stage of development. On the basis of these observations, shi is analyzed as a special demonstrative that combines anaphoric and focalizing force to highlight and contrast a constituent that has been introduced into the discourse. It is then compared with the expressions wei zhī 唯之and hui zhī 惠之 with the same function in the Shang oracle-bone inscriptions (13 th –11 th centuries BCE ). The investigation of whether shi is derived from wei zhī only finds evidence indicating a morphological relationship with zhī , while the etymological link with wei remains speculative. In conclusion, this study claims that the focalizing force of shi is important in answering the question why it is the only demonstrative evolving into a copula. The observed development of shi confirms that the origination of copulas is often related to the morphosyntactic expression of features of information structure.本文擬對指示詞“是”的最初歷史來源進行探討。根據學界近年對指示詞的研究成果，本文提出“是”很可能在產生之初即具有促發其向繫詞轉變的特徵。通過對西周至春秋戰國金文資料中指示詞“是”的全部用例的研讀以及與《詩經》、《尚書》中用例的比照，本文發現“是”的早期用法均為復指，且僅出現在焦點位置，其產生與商代甲骨語言中獨有的“唯／惠之”的表達方式大有關聯，極大可能是“之”在焦點位置的形態變體。“是”以及“唯／惠之”在語篇中具有同樣的復指及聚焦的雙重功能，是焦點的句法表達手段，反映了繫詞產生與焦點的句法表達之間的密切聯繫。
Deliberative democratic decision making, universal values, and cultural pluralism: A proposed contribution to the prevention of violent extremism through education

Fostering cohesion and acceptance amidst a plurality of cultures and values is a clear context for quality education and also for PVE. This article proposes that deliberative democratic decision making (DDD) can result in agreements on (quasi-universal) values that accommodate both the claims of universal values – including human rights – and cultural pluralism and particularism. The article suggests that any agreed upon values framework itself becomes generative of curriculum and teaching and learning processes that will foster quality education, with conditions that also contribute to the prevention of violent extremism. An explicit treatment of values across the whole school as a subject of inquiry and agreement by all members of the school community can contribute to a healthy school environment and praxis for learners that serve the aims of PVE. Following an exploration of these arguments, the article presents concrete strategies for critical values clarification within the schooling system that recognize how universality and pluralism co-exist.
A Search Engine That Supports Rich Snippets

The more application examples you see, the better you understand the Semantic Web, and the easier you will find inspiration for your own applications. In this chapter, we build a search engine that supports rich snippets. After all, improving the performance of search engines was one of the main reasons why the Semantic Web was proposed. The search engine we build here serves as one of the possible answers in this direction.
Should They Stay or Should They Go? How the 2017 U.S. Travel Ban Affects International Doctoral Students:

In the wake of the U.S. government’s executive orders restricting travel from six Muslim-majority countries (Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen) in January 2017, we collected data from f...
Medicaid Expansion and Intensity of Treatment: Increased Cost in the Emergency Department

We estimate the impact of the ACA Medicaid expansion on the intensity of treatment in the emergency department. We conduct a visit level analysis with a difference-in-differences specification for the number of procedures, number of diagnoses, and visit characterization according to the NYU Algorithm using the State Emergency Department Databases (SEDD) for six states in 2013-2014. Our results show that in expanding states the number of procedures increased by up to 0.27 per visits (3.9%), and the number of diagnoses declined by up to 0.10 diagnoses per visit. While we remain agnostic about the mechanism for the increase in procedures, we believe increasing reimbursements motivates providers to perform more procedures, or bill more carefully, or both. We also find evidence of changing composition of visit type, with an increase in non-preventable emergency visits and primary care treatable visits. This increase is particularly strong among patients who were uninsured in 2013. We estimate that the additional procedures cost $248 million, constituting at least 3.1% of the total medical expenditure associated with the expansion in the four expanding states in our study. We conclude that the provider side response in treatment presents a substantial additional cost to expanding insurance coverage with fee-for-service payment structure, and should be accordingly included in projected costs of future insurance expansions.
CaYGaO4 olivine-based green and red downconversion phosphors

Abstract Recent advances in displays, LED lighting, and dosimetry have fueled the development of new downconversion phosphor materials. Here we present two series of novel downconversion phosphors based on a recently reported ordered olivine type oxide, CaYGaO4. The phosphors were synthesized using conventional high-temperature solid-state reactions. Yttrium in the parent compound was partially substituted with trivalent europium and terbium, in concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 20 mol. %. Excitation in the UV region resulted in predominant visible emissions at orange-red and green when doped with Eu3+ or Tb3+, respectively. At room temperature, the europium-doped phosphors exhibited a strong emission band at 612 nm and several weaker bands in the green, yellow, and red region of the visible spectrum. Terbium-doped samples showed an intense green band at 551 nm with several weak bands in the orange and red regions. Below room temperature, the terbium series also showed weak emission band(s) in the blue, which were quenched at terbium concentrations ranging between 2.0 and 5.0 mol. %. Among the two series of phosphors, Eu3+- containing samples exhibited better stability against thermal quenching in the 100–600 K temperature range. These phosphors also exhibited concentration quenching while Tb-doped phosphors did not.
Enterovirus Pathogenesis Requires the Host Methyltransferase SETD3

Enteroviruses (EVs) comprise a large genus of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses whose members cause a number of important and widespread human diseases, including poliomyelitis, myocarditis, acute flaccid myelitis and the common cold. How EVs co-opt cellular functions to promote replication and spread is incompletely understood. Here, using genome-scale CRISPR screens, we identify the actin histidine methyltransferase SET domain containing 3 (SETD3) as critically important for viral infection by a broad panel of EVs, including rhinoviruses and non-polio EVs increasingly linked to severe neurological disease such as acute flaccid myelitis (EV-D68) and viral encephalitis (EV-A71). We show that cytosolic SETD3, independent of its methylation activity, is required for the RNA replication step in the viral life cycle. Using quantitative affinity purification-mass spectrometry, we show that SETD3 specifically interacts with the viral 2A protease of multiple enteroviral species, and we map the residues in 2A that mediate this interaction. 2A mutants that retain protease activity but are unable to interact with SETD3 are severely compromised in RNA replication. These data suggest a role of the viral 2A protein in RNA replication beyond facilitating proteolytic cleavage. Finally, we show that SETD3 is essential for in vivo replication and pathogenesis in multiple mouse models for EV infection, including CV-A10, EV-A71 and EV-D68. Our results reveal a crucial role of a host protein in viral pathogenesis, and suggest targeting SETD3 as a potential mechanism for controlling viral infections.
The narrative and rhetoric of dreams : Six literary fragments by a novelist

Four of a novelist's dreams and two contemporaneous pieces of her fiction are examined through the lens of poststructuralism; thus viewed they display narrative coherence in form and content, a reciprocal interaction between dream and written day residue, and a rhetorical function in trauma resolution. Lacan's theories about the linguistic nature of the unconscious are particularly powerful in understanding these six works especially their recourse to figurative language in deconstructing and reconstructing the traumatized self. Dream narratology suggests the close relation of unconscious processes to creativity and the unity of storymaking and personal meaning. Narrative conventions in these dreams and related fiction illustrate the functions of metaphor and metonymy in traversing Lacan's "registers of experience" and his ideas about the "itinerary of the signifier," the way dreams and art capture the elusive object of desire. Creativity serves not only a wish-fulfillment function but also a self-fulfillment function. Dreams, then, as creative acts, claim a privilege unto themselves and support Lacan's argument for a therapeutic approach of "desirelessness."
Nongreedy Unbalanced Huffman Tree Compressor for Single and Multifasta Files.

Next-generation sequencing technologies are producing genomic data at ever-increasing rates. It has become a challenge to store, transmit, and process the massive quantity of data, creating a vital...
Ex vivo characterization of the circulating hemocytes of bed bugs and their responses to bacterial exposure

Bed bugs (Cimex spp.) are urban pests of global importance. Knowledge of the immune system of bed bugs has implications for understanding their susceptibility to biological control agents, their potential to transmit human pathogens, and the basic comparative immunology of insects. Nonetheless, the immunological repertoire of the family Cimicidae remains poorly characterized. Here, we use microscopy, flow cytometry, and RNA sequencing to provide a basal characterization of the circulating hemocytes of the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius. We also examine the responses of these specialized cells to E. coli exposure using the same techniques. Our results show that circulating hemocytes are comprised of at least four morphologically distinct cell types that are capable of phagocytosis, undergo degranulation, and exhibit additional markers of activation following stimulation, including size shift and DNA replication. Furthermore, transcriptomic profiling reveals expression of predicted Toll/IMD signaling pathway components, antimicrobial effectors and other potentially immunoresponsive genes in these cells. Together, our data demonstrate the conservation of several canonical cellular immune responses in the common bed bug and provide a foundation for additional mechanistic immunological studies with specific pathogens of interest.
Extracellular Matrix and Muscle Formation

Something doesn’t form from nothing. Thus, for a morphology to develop, a guide or boundaries must be established; this guide is referred to as the progenitor structure. Morphologies form from a genomically coded sequence of events in which both intrinsic and extrinsic factors for developing and differentiating cells combine to define “positional infor-mation” allowing cells to fabricate tissues within specific shapes and boundaries and, thus, generating specific shapes. For example, how do individual muscle morphologies form? What are the progenitor boundaries? Figure 1 shows the morphology of chick embryonic thigh muscles at Hamburger-Hamilton1 developmental stage 36. What controls the formation of these individual muscles or, conversely, how do specific muscle masses segregate from one another? These questions stimulated us to study the extracellular molecules and cellular aspects of chick embryonic thigh muscle morphogenesis, with special emphasis on the boundaries of these events.
Competing with a pandemic: Trends in research design in a time of Covid-19.

Introduction During the Covid-19 pandemic, major journals have published a significant number of Covid-19 related articles in a short period of time. While this is necessary to combat the worldwide pandemic, it may have trade-offs with respect to publishing research from other disciplines. Objectives To assess differences in published research design before and after the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods We performed a cross-sectional review of all 322 full-length research studies published between October 1, 2019 and April 30, 2020 in three major medical journals. We compared the number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and studies with a control group before and after January 31, 2020, when Covid-19 began garnering international attention. Results The number of full-length research studies per issue was not statistically different before and after the Covid-19 pandemic (from 3.7 to 3.5 per issue, p = 0.17). Compared to before January 31, 2020, 0.7 fewer non-Covid-19 studies per issue were published versus after January 31, 2020 (p<0.001), a change that was offset by Covid-19 studies. Among non-Covid-19 studies, 0.9 fewer studies with a control group per issue were published after January 31, 2020, with RCTs contributing to nearly all the decline (p<0.001, p = 0.001, respectively). In the same timeframe, non-Covid-19 studies without a control group and non-Covid-19 studies without randomization experienced relatively small changes that did not meet our threshold for statistical significance (increases of 0.1 and 0.1 per issue, p = 0.80, p = 0.88, respectively). Limitations Using a simple heuristic for assessing research design and lack of generalizability to the general medical literature. Conclusions In summary, the increase in Covid-19 studies coincided with a decrease of mostly non-Covid-19 RCTs.
Challenges in communication, prognostication and dialysis decision-making in the COVID-19 pandemic: implications for interdisciplinary care during crisis settings.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Using case vignettes, we highlight challenges in communication, prognostication, and medical decision-making that have been exacerbated by the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic for patients with kidney disease. We include best practice recommendations to mitigate these issues and conclude with implications for interdisciplinary models of care in crisis settings. RECENT FINDINGS: Certain biomarkers, demographics, and medical comorbidities predict an increased risk for mortality among patients with COVID-19 and kidney disease, but concerns related to physical exposure and conservation of personal protective equipment have exacerbated existing barriers to empathic communication and value clarification for these patients. Variability in patient characteristics and outcomes has made prognostication nuanced and challenging. The pandemic has also highlighted the complexities of dialysis decision-making for older adults at risk for poor outcomes related to COVID-19. SUMMARY: The COVID-19 pandemic underscores the need for nephrologists to be competent in serious illness communication skills that include virtual and remote modalities, to be aware of prognostic tools, and to be willing to engage with interdisciplinary teams of palliative care subspecialists, intensivists, and ethicists to facilitate goal-concordant care during crisis settings.
Media multitasking and memory: Differences in working memory and long-term memory

Increasing access to media in the 21st century has led to a rapid rise in the prevalence of media multitasking (simultaneous use of multiple media streams). Such behavior is associated with various cognitive differences, such as difficulty filtering distracting information and increased trait impulsivity. Given the rise in media multitasking by children, adolescents, and adults, a full understanding of the cognitive profile of media multitaskers is imperative. Here we investigated the relationship between chronic media multitasking and working memory (WM) and long-term memory (LTM) performance. Four key findings are reported (1) heavy media multitaskers (HMMs) exhibited lower WM performance, regardless of whether external distraction was present or absent; (2) lower performance on multiple WM tasks predicted lower LTM performance; (3) media multitasking-related differences in memory reflected differences in discriminability rather than decision bias; and (4) attentional impulsivity correlated with media multitasking behavior and reduced WM performance. These findings suggest that chronic media multitasking is associated with a wider attentional scope/higher attentional impulsivity, which may allow goal-irrelevant information to compete with goal-relevant information. As a consequence, heavy media multitaskers are able to hold fewer or less precise goal-relevant representations in WM. HMMs’ wider attentional scope, combined with their diminished WM performance, propagates forward to yield lower LTM performance. As such, chronic media multitasking is associated with a reduced ability to draw on the past—be it very recent or more remote—to inform present behavior.
The Glycoproteins of Giardia

Glycoprotein structures are remarkably simple in Giardia. This protist produces the shortest Asn-linked glycan (N-glycan) yet described: two N-acetyl-glucosamines (GlcNAc2). The oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) that transfers N-glycans to the peptide has a single catalytic subunit in Giardia but contains four to eight subunits in most eukaryotes. Giardia is missing the ER proteins involved in N-glycan-dependent quality conrol (QC) of protein folding and degradation. There is Darwinian selection for the sites of N-glycan in secreted proteins of eukaryotes with N-glycan-dependent QC, but there is no such selection in Giardia and other protists lacking N-glycan-dependent QC. The glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor of Giardia is predicted to be the simplest of any eukaryote. UDP-GlcNAc is the only nucleotide sugar transported from the cytosol to the lumen of the ER. By contrast, Giardia is one of the rare protists that use GlcNAc to modify Ser and Thr residues on nucleocytosolic proteins. WGA affinity dramatically enriches glycoproteins of Giardia, many of which are unique or are encystation specific. In summary, GlcNAc is the major sugar added to Giardia glycoproteins, which are much less complex than those of the host.
Preparing Future Generations of Evidence-Based Endocrinologists

There is much to recommend an increased emphasis on evidence-based medicine (EBM) training in medical education. Evidence-based practice has emerged as a national priority in efforts to improve health care quality (1). Physicians are encouraged to identify, appraise, and apply the best evidence in their decision making for individual patients. However, this ideal remains far from realization. Physicians leave the majority of their clinical questions unanswered (2,3), often consult nonevidence-based sources of information, watch their grasp of current information deteriorate over the years following their training (4,5), and demonstrate wide practice variations for clinical maneuvers with established efficacy (6). And traditional didactic continuing medical education (CME) remains of limited utility as a remedy (7,8).
Relationship of extraintestinal involvements in inflammatory Bowel disease: New insights into autoimmune pathogenesis

Extraintestinal manifestations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are quite common (about 25%) and careful clinical observation and statistical analysis during the last five decades have demonstrated that in colitis-associated extraintestinal complications, the organs most commonly involved are the biliary tract, joints, skin, and eyes. However, almost all organs can be involved in IBD. Some of the extraintestinal manifestations may precede IBD, although the majority accompany the underlying disease and are influenced by its activity. Prompt recognition of extracolonic organ involvement in IBD is important because of the relative refractoriness of the disease and a possible increase in morbidity and mortality. The identified pathogenetic autoimmune mechanisms include genetic susceptibility, cytokine imbalances, antigenic display of autoantigen, aberrant self-recognition, and immunopathogenetic autoantibodies against organ-specific cellular antigen(s) shared by colon and extracolonic organs. Microbes may play an important role, probably by molecular mimicry.
Who benefits from climate forecasts

The effective and equitable dissemination of climate forecasts is as important and challenging as their accuracy. During El Nino 1997-98, Peruvian fisheries showed the need to understand forecast use and all parties' interests.
Airborne lidar remote sensing of terrain and ocean

Describes two airborne waveform-sampling lidar systems. In one lidar configuration, the lidar used two laser transmitters that had different wavelengths and temporal pulse-width characteristics. Both transmitters shared the same lidar-receiver and data acquisition system. This lidar was used to perform an experiment over the ocean. The other lidar used only one lidar transmitter to perform experiments over terrain. The data acquisition system collected both the laser-pulse timing and laser-pulse waveforms. This paper describes the lidar and the data acquisition systems. The results from the experiments were analyzed and discussed.
Accurate Characterization Of Bicmos Bjt Across Dc-67 Ghz With On-wafer Measurement And Em De-embedding

The complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and bipolar-complementary metal oxide semiconductor (BiCMOS) technologies offer low power dissipation, good noise performance, high packing density, et cetera in analog and digital circuit design. They have contributed significantly to the advancement of wireless communication and sensing systems and are presently inevitable devices in these systems. As the technologies and device performance have advanced into the millimeter-wave regime over last two decades, accurate S-parameters of CMOS and BiCMOS devices at millimeter-wave frequencies are highly demanded for millimeter-wave radio-frequency integrated-circuit (RFIC) design. The accuracy of these S-parameters is absolutely essential for extracting accurately the device parameters and small- and large-signal models. The conventional extraction techniques using both impedance standard substrate and de-embedding technique have been replaced by on-wafer calibration techniques implementing calibration standards fabricated on the same wafer together with the device under test (DUT) in virtue of accurate characterization over wide frequency and at high frequencies. However, some challenges for the on-wafer calibration still remain where the calibration is conducted over a wide frequency range covering millimeter-wave frequencies with a DUT such as bipolar junction transistor (BJT). The ends of the interconnects for the open and load standards are inherently very close to each other since it depends on the spacing between base (or collector) and emitter of the BJT (about 0.25 μm), hence not only causing significant gap and open-end fringing capacitances, which leads to substantial undesired effects for device characterization at millimeter-wave frequencies, but also making it impossible to place resistors within such narrow gaps for the load standard design. In order to resolve the structural issue of the conventional on-wafer calibration standards, a new method implementing both on-wafer calibration and electromagnetic (EM)-based de-embedding has been developed. In the newly developed technique, appropriate spacing in the on-wafer calibration standards, which minimizes the parasitic capacitance between the close open-ends and sets enough space to place the load standard's resistors, is determined based on EM simulations, and the non-calibrated part within the spacing consisting of interconnects and vias is extracted by the EM-based de-embedding. The developed procedure with the on-wafer calibration and the EM-based de-embedding characterizes the S-parameters of BJTs in 0.18-µm SiGe BiCMOS technology from DC to 67 GHz. The measured results show sizable differences in insertion loss and phase between the on-wafer characterizations with and without the EM-based de-embedding, demonstrating that the developed on-wafer characterization with EM-based de-embedding is needed for accurate characterization of devices at millimeter-wave frequencies, which is essential for the design of millimeter-wave wireless communication and sensing systems.
Why Do You Write This? Prediction of Influencers from Word Use

With the widespread usage of social media, there has been much effort on detecting influential users for different in-formation propagation applications. An inherent limitation of such methods is that they can only detect influential users after such users show observable signals of influence. How-ever, in many real world applications including a counter-campaign, an organization needs a way to detect influencers early, so that they can take appropriate measure before it is too late to intervene. In this work, we present a method to detect such would-be influencers from their prior word us-age in social media. We compute psycholinguistic category scores from word usage, and investigate how people with different scores exhibited different influence behaviors on Twitter. We also found psycholinguistic categories that show significant correlations with such behaviors, and built predictive models of influence from such category based features. Our experiments using a real world dataset vali-dates that such predictions can be done with reasonable ac-curacy.
STOVEPipe: Observable Access Control of User Data for Untrusted Applications on Mobile Devices

The rapid growth in mobile devices will give rise to the trend of the leasing out of compute and data resources on mobile devices to third-parties for applications to be run on multiple mobile devices. However, these third-party applications running on leased mobile devices are typically written by unknown entities, and cannot be trusted by mobile device owners. Current mobile device platforms (e.g. Android) have permissions and access control systems designed for mobile apps that are written by reputable developers and vetted by authoritative app stores, and they are not suitable for untrusted apps. We propose STOVEPipe, an observable access control system for user data on mobile devices for untrusted third-party applications. STOVEPipe ensures that untrusted code is isolated and cannot directly access system data, and performs all data accesses on behalf of untrusted apps. This enables STOVEPipe to observe all data accessed by untrusted apps, implement content-based access control, perform accounting and auditing on accessed data easily, and perform privacy-preserving data transformations.
My Brother's Keeper: The Striving of Siblings in Joanna Baillie's De Monfort

While early reviewers of Joanna Baillie's De Monfort complained of a lack of cause for De Monfort's hatred, modern readers have offered various interpretations of the source and nature of the drama's focal passion. The search for a proper motivation for hatred may be misguided, however, as Baillie's Introductory Discourse makes clear that strong passions stir the heart independent of external circumstance or offense. This essay argues that Baillie is concerned not with the origin of De Monfort's hatred, but rather with the origin of hatred itself, turning to a biblical understanding of hatred and its manifestation. Examining God's curse on Adam and Eve as the defining inheritance dictating the condition of fallen human nature, this paper follows Baillie's tracing of the history of opposition and struggle to God's establishment of enmity between man and the serpent. The Cain-Abel sibling rivalry serves as the primal precedent for De Monfort's hatred of Rezenvelt, while Eve's fated striving with Adam illumi...
Purification of thymidine phosphorylase from human amniochorion

Abstract Thymidine phosphorylase (thymidine: orthophosphate deoxyribosyltransferase, EC 2.4.2.4) has been purified 1500-fold from extracts of human amniochorion. The purified enzyme catalyzes the phosphorolysis of deoxythymidine and to a lesser extent deoxyuridine but not deoxycytidine nor uridine. Discontinuous gel electrophoresis of the freshly purified enzyme shows a band containing 95% of the stainble protein. Gradient gel electrophoresis resolves the preparations into an active fraction with an apparent molecular weight of about 120 000 and a heavier less active or inactive fraction of about 180 000. Storage of the enzyme results in a decrease of the 120 000 dalton component, a loss in activity, and an apparent increase in the high molecular weight component. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis shows only a single subunit of about 58 000 daltons which does not change on storage. These data are consistent with an active enzyme dimeric in structure which is capable of being converted to a less active form larger in molecular weight and possibly trimeric or tetrameric in structure.
Binding of Bovine Thyrotropin to Receptors in Rat Testis and Its Interaction with Gonadotropins

Previously, we have shown that preparations of hCG bind to bovine thyroid membranes, as judged from their ability both to inhibit the binding of 125I-labeled bovine TSH (bTSH) and to activate adenylate cyclase (Amir, S. M., H. Uchimura, and S. H. Ingbar, J Clin Endocrinol Metab 45: 280, 1977). In the present studies, 125I-labeled, highly purified bTSH ([125I]bTSH) has been shown to bind specifically and saturably to receptors in a particulate fraction from rat testis. At 37 C, binding was rapid, reaching a maximum level in less than 15 min, but then declining markedly during the next several hours. At 22 C, binding reached a steady state after 2 h and remained unchanged for another 22 h. Binding of [125I]bTSH was greatest at pH 5.5, at which pH more than 50% of [125I]bTSH was bound in the presence of 330 μg/ml particulate protein, the concentration of protein that yielded maximum binding. Nevertheless, the majority of experiments were conducted at lesser protein concentrations and at physiological pH (7.4...
Endocytosis in erythrocytes and ghosts: Occurrence at 0 °C after ATP preincubation

Abstract Two steps were required for ATP-dependent endocytosis in resealed erythrocyte ghosts. The first step required incubation with Mg-ATP at 37 °C, while the second step required primaquine and occurred at 0 or at 37 °C. These two steps were apparently also required for ATP-dependent endocytosis in erythrocytes. Endocytosis in white ghosts was similar to that in resealed ghosts and erythrocytes; the main difference was that the requirement of primaquine for the second step was less strict in white ghosts; in them, appreciable endocytosis took place with no added primaquine. Nonetheless, endocytosis in all three types of cells was stimulated by primaquine. The fluidity of the membranes as sensed by spin-labeled phosphatidylcholine was measured with and without primaquine. The fluidity of erythrocytes was increased by addition of primaquine or by conversion of the erythrocytes to white ghosts; the effect primaquine had on the fluidity of white ghosts was not detectable by the spin label. This suggested that a fluidizing or loosening of the membrane structure was required for the second step of ATP-dependent endocytosis, and that this loosening could be accomplished either by primaquine or by the process of preparing white ghosts.
The Specter of Shame in Substance Misuse

This article provides an introduction to the concept of shame as it relates to substance misuse. Empirical research on shame and addiction and the theoretical and operational definitions that underpin them are discussed. Potential areas of further inquiry are highlighted. Implications for clinical practice are discussed.
Effect of membrane charge on flow and protein transport during ultrafiltration.

Although several recent studies have demonstrated the importance of electrostatic interactions in ultrafiltration, there have been few quantitative studies of the effects of membrane charge density on protein transport and membrane hydraulic permeability. Data were obtained using a series of charge-modified cellulose membranes, with the surface charge density controlled by varying the extent of addition of a quaternary amine functionality. The membrane charge was evaluated from streaming potential measurements. Protein transmission decreased by a factor of 100 as the membrane ζ potential increased from 0.3 to 6.6 mV. The protein sieving data were in good agreement with a partitioning model accounting for electrostatic effects, while the hydraulic permeability data were consistent with a flow model accounting for the effects of counter-electroosmosis. The results provide the first quantitative analysis of the effects of membrane charge density on the performance of ultrafiltration membranes.
The Case ∣ Hyperbicarbonatemia in a patient with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia

A 57-year-old Hispanic woman with a history of primary biliary cirrhosis and CREST syndrome presented with chief complaint of severe pain in the fingers and toes, progressively worsening for the past 3 months. Home medications included calcium and ergocalciferol. Review of systems was remarkable for right shoulder pain, as well as a 2-week history of black fingertip on the left second digit. Physical examination revealed no fever; the blood pressure was 155/80 mm/Hg, heart rate was 80 beats per minute, and respiratory rate was 18 breaths per minute. In addition, she had dry gangrene of the left second fingertip, and all distal digits were erythematous and cool to touch.
Photochemistry and photophysics of small heterocyclic molecules: III. Continuous wave CO2 laser chemistry of ethylene oxide

The gas-phase continuous wave IR laser photolysis of ethylene oxide (oxirane) was examined in the presence of SiF4 as a sensitizer molecule. Acetaldehyde, ethylene, acetylene, methane and carbon monoxide are the resultant gaseous products detected by IR spectroscopy. No significant reaction occurs in the absence of this sensitizing agent or at laser frequencies not resonant with transitions of both oxirane and SiF4. The dependence of the photolysis on laser fluence, gas (total and/or sensitizer) pressure and laser wavelength was examined. The data are consistent with the involvement of highly vibrationally excited oxirane molecules produced by a combination of collisional and radiative processes. The product distribution is consistent with recent ab initio predictions. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interlaminar connections of tree shrew visual cortex.

Abstract The intracortical projections of neurons in layers II and upper III of tree shrew visual cortex were studied after thermal lesions in the supragranular layers of area 17. Examination for terminal degeneration was made using ultrastructural techniques. The majority of degenerating terminals were found in layers V and, to a lesser extent, VI, and were presynaptic to neural profiles in the following distribution: 80.5% on spines of small to medium size dendrites, 19% on dendrite shafts, and
Social attention and placation theories of blushing

Traditionally, blushing has been thought to occur because we are embarrassed or feeling coy, and that perceived attention from others is the relevant cause. In this paper, the social attention theory is compared with the other major theory of blushing, the placation theory. Three variations of the placation theory are identified (appeasement, apology, and remediation); two are tested. One hundred sixty-one female and male undergraduates completed seven scales measuring the relevant constructs (blushing propensity, embarrassability, interaction anxiety, abasement, dominance). Blushing propensity correlated strongly positively with embarrassability and interaction anxiousness, but weakly with appeasement and apology, and these weak correlations disappeared in partial correlations and regression analyses. It appears that the best explanation for blushing is that of embarrassment and the perceived attention from others.
Abstract 5466: nNOS, a novel target for melanoma prevention and therapy

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC It is well recognized that nitric oxide (NO) is involved in tumor progression, including human melanoma. Our data showed that NO stress by NO donor DETA treatment remarkably stimulated the proliferation of normal primary melanocytes with foci formed in culture and the metastatic capacity of human melanoma cells detected by matrigel invasion assays was also significantly induced with DETA incubation. Our previous mechanistic studies have revealed that NO-induced melanoma progression is mediated by Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease-1/redox factor-1 (APE/Ref-1), which plays an important role in melanomagenesis and development, in a feed-forward loop manner. Both our in vitro cell culture (Immunoblotting) and in vivo human biopsy (Immunohistochemistry) studies have demonstrated the predominant elevations of nNOS expression levels in melanoma cells. Notably, induction of nNOS was evident with UVB radiation and growth factor bFGF treatments. Knockdown of nNOS with siRNA efficiently reduced the DETA-induced melanoma proliferation and invasion potential, and was associated with reductions of many genes that related to proliferation, anti-apoptosis and invasion, such as c-Jun, Bcl-2, and MMP-1. A novel synthesized nNOS inhibitor JI-11 was utilized to inhibit nNOS activity and our data showed that co-treatment of JI-11 at 1uM concentration significantly attenuated the alterations induced by UVB radiation and DETA treatments. MTS analysis also revealed that pretreatment of JI-11 sensitized melanoma cells to chemo-drug Cisplatin. We hypothesize that targeting nNOS/NO to prevent and treat melanoma is innovative and potentially of great benefit. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5466.
That'll Teach You: Cognition and Practice in a Chicago Union Local

I challenge the wisdom of the idea that education is efficacious in changing peoples' behavior. I show that in a Local union consciousness is not related to activism among stewards and that union consciousness among members is related to the structures of their workplaces and to history or recent events. I conclude that it is more effective to involve people in alternate actions than to "educate" them.
The duodenum: a conduit or a pump?

See article on page624 In the article by Nguyen et al in this issue (see page 624), a novel impedance method was used to characterise the transport of chyme in the duodenum in the postprandial period. The authors suggest that abnormal postprandial transport of chyme in the duodenum may be a factor that results in impairment of gastric emptying in patients with long-standing type I diabetes mellitus. The paper raises a number of interesting issues. The first question is: does the human duodenum actually perform any hydrostatic or pumping function? In a previous in vitro model, Weems1 suggested that the cat duodenum was incapable of hydrostatic function, in contrast to the ileum. This observation was supported by the very different nature of contractions observed in the mammalian upper small …
Revelations of a gambler

Abstract Knowing that a decision maker maximizes expected utility with respect to some (unknown) utility U and some (unknown) probability P , what can one tell about P by observing his decisions? We discuss this revealed preference question primarily in the simple case of a two-element ( H and T ) state space, and show that the possible revelations of P T / P H are precisely those of the form P T / P H e∪ K k =1 (γ k ,δ k ), for some algebraic numbers γ k ,δ k .
Operating Experience with the R.P.I. Linac

The R.P.I. Linac, one of the most powerful electron accelerators in the world, has been in operation for several months. It has been operated at 130 megawatts peak power and at average beam power of 50 kilowatts for sustained runs. Evidence of pulse shortening has been observed only at currents of 0.8 ampere for pulse widths of 4.6 microseconds. A detailed discussion of performance is presented as well as current improvements.
A dynamic simulation of the ILUC effects of biofuel use in the USA

Abstract The global indirect land use change (ILUC) implications of biofuel use in the United States of America (USA) from 2001 to 2010 are evaluated with a dynamic general equilibrium model. The effects of biofuels production on agricultural land area vary by year; from a net expansion of 0.17 ha per 1000 gallons produced (2002) to a net contraction of −0.13 ha per 1000 gallons (2018) in Case 1 of our simulation. In accordance with the general narrative about the implications of biofuel policy, agricultural land area increased in many regions of the world. However, oil-export dependent economies experienced agricultural land contraction because of reductions in their revenues. Reducing crude oil imports is a major goal of biofuel policy, but the land use change implications have received little attention in the literature. Simulations evaluating the effects of doubling supply elasticities for land and fossil resources show that these parameters can significantly influence the land use change estimates. Therefore, research that provides empirically-based and spatially-detailed agricultural land-supply curves and capability to project future fossil energy prices is critical for improving estimates of the effects of biofuel policy on land use.
Synthetic approaches toward tungsten photonic crystals for thermal emission

The efficiency of standard incandescent light sources is limited by strong thermal emission in the infrared regime. It is possible that emission of light may be more efficient when the conventional tungsten filament is replaced by metallic photonic crystals that have large photonic band gaps in the infrared and can suppress the thermal emission of blackbody emitters. One approach toward fabricating photonic crystal structures with highly ordered periodic features on an optical length scale involves colloidal crystal templating to produce inverse opals. Metallic inverse opals were synthesized using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and wet chemical methods capable of producing granules, thin films and monolithic pieces. Thin films were prepared by infiltrating silica opal films with tungsten hexacarbonyl in a CVD process, reducing tungsten in hydrogen and removing the silica template by HF etching. A range of soluble metal precursors, including tungsten(VI) chloride, tungsten(V) ethoxide and acetylated peroxotungstic acid, were infiltrated into self-assembled, colloidal crystal arrays comprised of monodisperse poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) spheres. The infiltrated composites were processed under reducing conditions to produce metallic inverse replicas of the template. The influence of processing conditions on structural properties, including thickness of skeletal walls, window openings and solid filling fraction, was studied. A monolithic tungsten inverse opal with dimensions of 0.5 × 0.5 × 0.2 cm was resistively heated in an inert atmosphere and thermal emission was observed. The wet chemical methods provide a low cost alternative to expensive nanolithographic methods for the fabrication of three-dimensional periodic metallic structures.