cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Corrosion Resistance of New Dental Alloys

The in vitro chloride corrosion resistance of a number of new dental alloys proposed for use as dental implants and as porcelain substrates have been evaluated along with controls of Inlay Gold and Vitallium in a physiological saline solution by both open circuit potential-time measurements and potentiostatic anodic polarization study.Based upon criteria such as initial and 24-hr open circuit potentials, presence or absence of active/passive transition, extent of passive region, and breakdown potentials, it has proved possible to qualitatively define a range of in vitro chloride corrosion behavior with a group of passivating alloys (Plantenium, Vitallium, Nobilium) at one end of the range (passive), the so-called “base-metals” intended for porcelain substrates at the other end of the range (active), and those dental alloys containing appreciable concentrations of noble metals (> 50%) at the center.Typical values for passive/active boundaries of the range are: initial potentials +200/-700 mV, 24-hr potenti...
Correction of glucose carbon recycling for the determination of 'true' hepatic glucose production rates by (1-13C1)glucose.

Hepatic glucose production (HGP) and glucose carbon recycling are traditionally estimated by the combined use of hydrogen and carbon-labeled glucose tracers. A single-isotope method such as that of Reichard et al. for the determination of HGP and glucose carbon recycling requires the determination of activities in different glucose carbons by chemical degradation. Since the 13C content in the glucose carbon skeleton can be determined from mass fragmentography, the use of 13C-labeled glucose and mass fragmentography can provide a single-isotope method for the quantification of the recycled carbons. Correction for the recycling makes it possible to determine the true HGP. In this study, (1-13C1)glucose and mass fragmentography were used for the determination of HGP and glucose carbon recycling in six colon cancer patients. Molar enrichment of the molecular ion (m/z 328 cluster of glucose aldonitrile pentaacetate) was used to determine 'uncorrected' HGP, which was 1.93 +/- 0.11 mg kg-1 min-1 (mean +/- s.e.m.). The difference in molar enrichment of the molecular ion C1-C6 (m/z 328) and the ion corresponding to C1-C4 fragment (m/z 242) was used to determine the contribution of recycled label carbon. After this correction, the 'corrected' HGP was 2.04 +/- 0.12 mg kg-1 min-1, which is not significantly different from the 'true' HGP rate of 2.05 +/- 0.15 mg kg-1 min-1 determined by using (6-3H)glucose. HGP determined from the enrichment of the molecular ion C1-C6 underestimates true HGP, as expected. The corrected HGPs correlate well with those from 6-3H method (r = 0.86, y = 1.06x - 0.12; p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Is stone radiodensity a useful parameter for predicting outcome of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for stones < 2 cm?

PURPOSE: Several factors determine the success of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) for kidney stones: stone size, stone location within the collecting system, stone type, and the SWL machine used. It has been suggested that stone radiodensity, as determined either by plain radiography or computed tomography attenuation values, may be an independent predictor of SWL success. We examined the outcome of SWL for solitary stones less than or equal to 2 cm located within the renal pelvis, based on their radiodensity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 211 patients with solitary renal pelvic stones measuring less than or equal to 2 cm were treated on a Dornier Doli 50 lithotriptor under general anesthesia. The radiodensity of the stone was determined to be either less than, equal to, or greater than the radiodensity of the ipsilateral 12th rib. Stone-free rates (SFR) were determined at 3 months by kidney, ureters and bladder (KUB) plain X-rays. Patients requiring re-treatment or auxiliary procedures were considered failures of SWL. RESULTS: Follow-up SFR information was available in all 211 patients. Stone composition was available in 158 (75%) treated patients, but no correlation was found between stone radiodensity and stone composition. For stones 12th rib compared to a SFR of 71% if the stone radiodensity was < 12th rib. However, these differences in SFRs were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: On the Doli machine, stone radiodensity alone does not predict lithotripsy treatment outcome for stones < 1 cm within the renal pelvis. This parameter is probably only useful as the stone size becomes larger than 1 cm, and should be used in conjunction with other stone parameters to select appropriate therapy.
Cardiac risk factor awareness and management in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective To assess awareness and management of traditional cardiac risk factors (CRFs) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and physicians. Methods SLE patients (n = 110) completed a questionnaire concerning CRFs. Medical records were reviewed blinded to questionnaire results for the presence and management of 6 CRFs: hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and physical inactivity. Results Subjects were predominantly female (97%), mean (±SD) age was 43.4 years (±11.8), mean SLE duration was 15.3 years (±7.2), and 51% had ≥2 CRFs by self report. Twenty-three percent had never had their cholesterol levels checked. Hypercholesterolemia was more frequently documented in the medical records than reported by the patient (33% versus 24%). Physical inactivity was more frequently self reported than documented (59% versus 23%). Rheumatologists and patients had low interrater reliability for the presence of hypercholesterolemia (κ = 0.26) and physical inactivity (κ = –0.02). More than half (58%) of CRFs were treated, and 21% of subjects with elevated cholesterol received a medication. Conclusion Recognition, recording, and management of CRFs falls short given the significance of the problem.
Diet‐dependent incorporation of biomarkers: implications for food‐web studies using stable isotope and fatty acid analyses with special application to chemosynthetic environments

Metazoan consumption of Bacteria and Archaea may impact key microbially mediated processes, yet techniques to quantify trophic linkages require laboratory evaluation before robust application to field observations are possible. In this laboratory-based study, an annelid belonging to a genus common at reducing habitats, Ophryotrocha labronica, was raised on eukaryotic, bacterial or archaeal food sources to test whether fatty acid and stable isotope paradigms are appropriate to quantitatively model metazoan consumption of microbial food sources. This annelid's δ13C tissue-diet shift, −3.6‰ to +3.6‰, was neither zero nor constant and was a function of the δ13C value and the C : N ratio of its food. Nitrogen isotope (mean δ15N) tissue-diet shifts ranged from −0.8‰ to −3.0‰ when raised in antibiotic-laden seawater in contrast to the tissue-diet shifts of +2.3 to +3.4 that are often used to define a species’ trophic level. The use of antibiotics to control microbial growth during the experiment appeared to have little effect on these fractionation values, except for individuals fed Spinacia oleracea that may have been impacted by the antibiotic treatment; when antibiotics were not used the δ15N value of O. labronica was not different from the S. oleracea that it consumed. Fatty acid profiles within this species were largely independent of diet. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, commonly used as a metric for phytoplankton consumption and not provided by the food sources, were present in O. labronica tissues regardless of food source. This suggests that O. labronica can synthesize these fatty acids. Whereas field studies have shown the importance of biomarker approaches, tissue-diet shifts based on the literature could erroneously characterize the diet and trophic level of this species. This is especially true in food webs that are known to rely on microbial production, such as those found at deep-sea chemosynthetic habitats.
Preparasitic moults in Nippostrongylus muris, with remarks on the structure of the cuticula of Trichostrongyles.

Rhabditiform first-stage larvae of Nippostrongylus muris are about 270–550μ long. The development of these larvae culminates in a moult, which occurred 36–48 hours after cultures were prepared. The first moult is preceded by an unusually early separation of the first cuticle, which is fine and unstriated, from the body tissue in the tail region and, later, by the formation of an underlying new cuticle, which is thicker and prominently striated. Early second-stage rhabditiform larvae differ in certain morphological respects from first-stage larvae. Second-stage larvae are about 470–750μ long. A second preparasitic ecdysis occurs and the infective larva is a true third-stage larva. This moult was the only one previously known to occur during the preparasitic development of N. muris . The post-cervical cuticular inflation in N. muris is regarded, on the basis of a comparative study of the cuticle of this species and of Haemonchus contortus and other trichostrongyles, as resulting from the separation of the second and third layers of the cuticle. Yokogawa's view that Nippostrongylus muris has two cuticulae is rejected. N. muris has a single cuticula, apparently made up of four layers. N. muris undergoes four complete moults and the development of this species does not differ in any essential respect from that reported for other strongyles.
Establishing presence within the service-oriented environment

As Service Oriented Architectures continue to gain prominence as a mechanism to realize standards-based, distributed computing paradigms, the ability for traditional implementations to support bandwidth disadvantaged and runtime composition scenarios has been questioned. Traditional approaches leverage centralized registry platforms to enable service discovery functionality, but this inherently introduces the possibility of stale metadata and registry information that does not reflect actual operating conditions. Service presence offers a fresh opportunity to redefine service discovery; while not typically viewed as a crucial element of SOA's runtime discovery solution space, service presence significantly enhances the real-time monitoring of services by introducing an omnipresent mechanism for capturing a service's state. This paper focuses on analyzing and evaluating the feasibility of utilizing Peer-to-Peer (P2P) approaches to better facilitate service presence and dynamic service discovery through discussion of experimentation conducted using an eXtensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) driven prototype.
The Self or the Collectivity: Simulation of a Marxian Hypothesis

This paper examines the conditions under which individuals form commitments to their cohorts in attempting to improve their relative positions. Working from a Marxian-derived hypothesis, the simulation indicates that subjectively-experienced deprivation combined with awareness of common position produces an orientation to collective, rather than self, betterment. The association is conditional, however, depending upon high money motivation of participants. T he conditions under which individuals formii a strong and selfless commitnment to either a membership or reference group are, and have been, a major area of sociological interest. Concern with this identification process can be traced to the origins of modern sociology, and it has continued to be strong despite the development of specialized subfields and numerous changes in methodology. In brief, how (and why) individuals collmmit themselves to a collectivity is so fundamental a sociological question that it transcends differences among sociologists. In the past decade, interest in this question has been most pronounced in studies of trade union participation and social mobility aspirations.1 Perhaps the basic problem, as posed by Lipset, lies in whether an individual will attempt to "drive himself to get ahead," or will try to improve his situation "collectively through social movements."2 The American tendency to favor individual mobility provides, according to Kahl,3 one of the most distinguishing characteristics of U.S. society. Small group studies also focus on the same conflict in orientations, though at a more microscopic level. Members of army combat squads, industrial work groups and athletic teams have all been analyzed according to their willingness to 1 See Seymour M. Lipset, "Trade Unions and Social Structure," lIndutstrial Relationts, 1 (October 1961); and William Spinard, "Correlates of Trade Union Participation," Amierican Sociological Reviezw, 2 (April 1960). 2 Lipset, op. cit., p. 75 (Emplhasis in original). 3 Joseph A. Kahl, The American Class Stritcture (New York: Holt, Rinehart & WinstoIl, 1961). This content downloaded from 207.46.13.101 on Thu, 21 Apr 2016 05:48:57 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Within-Layer Overlay Impact for Design in Metal Double Patterning

In double patterning lithography (DPL), overlay errors between two patterning steps of the same layer translate into CD variability. Since CD uniformity budget is very tight, meeting requirement of overlay control is one of the biggest challenges for deploying DPL. In this paper, we electrically evaluate overlay errors for back-end-of-line DPL with the goal of studying relative effects of different overlay sources and interactions of overlay control with design parameters. Experimental results show the following: 1) the expected electrical impact of overlay in a path is not significant (<; 6% worst-case RC variation) and should be the basis for determining overlay budget requirement; 2) the worst-case electrical impact of overlay in a single line remains a serious concern (up to 16.6% ΔRC and up to 50 mV increase of peak crosstalk noise); 3) translational overlay error has the largest electrical impact compared to other overlay sources; and 4) overlay in y direction (x for horizontal metallization) has negligible electrical impact and, therefore, preferred routing direction should be taken into account for overlay sampling and alignment strategies. Design methods for reducing overlay electrical impact in wires are then identified. Finally, we explore positive/negative process options from an electrical perspective and conclude that positive process is preferred.
Application of Luminescence Spectrometry to the Analysis of Fuels

Luminescence spectrometry, which includes fluorescence and phosphorescence, is based on the absorption and reemission of light by a molecule, ion, or atom. It is of great analytical usefulness because the emitted light is characteristic of the electronic structure of the emitting substance. The phenomenon of luminescence is not new; the first monograph on luminescence was written by Liceti in 1640.(1) In 1845, Herschel(2) reported on the luminescent characteristics of quinine sulfate. Stokes,(3) in 1852, observed that, in all cases, the light emitted from a molecule was at longer wavelengths than that which it absorbed. His observation was termed the “Stokes shift” and has since become well understood. In 1895, Weidman and Schmidt,(4) and, in 1907, Stark and Mayer,(5) reported the first systematic study of luminescence of aromatic molecules.
Development of technologies aiding large-tissue engineering.

There are many clinical situations in which a large tissue mass is required to replace tissue lost to surgical resection (e.g., mastectomy). It is possible that autologous cell transplantation on biodegradable polymer matrices may provide a new therapy to engineer large tissue which can be used to treat these patients. A number of challenges must be met to engineer a large soft tissue mass. These include the design of (1) a structural framework to maintain a space for tissue development, (2) a space-filling matrix which provides for localization of transplanted cells, and (3) a strategy to enhance vascularization of the forming tissue. In this paper we provide an overview of several technologies which are under development to address these issues. Specifically, support matrices to maintain a space for tissue development have been fabricated from polymers of lactide and glycolide. The ability of these structures to resist compressive forces was regulated by the ratio of lactide to glycolide in the polymer. Smooth muscle cell seeding onto polyglycolide fiber-based matrices has been optimized to allow formation of new tissues in vitro and in vivo. Finally, polymer microsphere drug delivery technology is being developed to release vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenic molecule, at the site of tissue formation. This strategy, which combines several different technologies, may ultimately allow for the engineering of large soft tissues.
Forwarding in opportunistic networks with resource constraints

Effective forwarding in mobile opportunistic networks is a challenge, given the unpredictable mobility of nodes, short contact durations between nodes, wireless interference and limited buffer sizes.Most forwarding algorithms aim at decreasing costs (relative to flooding the network) by forwarding only to nodes which are likely to be good relays. While it is non-trivial to decide if an encountered node is a good relay or not at the moment of encounter, it is harder still to prioritize which messages to transmit under the presence of short contact durations and which messages to drop when buffers become full.The main objective of this paper is to study different message prioritization schemes using real measurements. Such schemes can be broadly divided into two categories - schemes which do not use any network information, and schemes which do. Examples of the former set of schemes include FIFO/LIFO etc. For the latter set of schemes, there is a key design choice: On one hand, we have the following scheme: when a forwarding opportunity presents itself, assign high priorities to messages which are relatively close to their intended destination. On the other hand, we can assign high priorities to messages which are farther away from their destination than closer messages. In order to decide if messages are close to their destination or not, we have to rely on a forwarding algorithm. For this, we use delegation forwarding schemes which have been shown to be efficient in terms of cost incurred in the network. We develop a new set of prioritization schemes based on delegation schemes. We consider these schemes in our empirical study.
SOC test compression scheme using sequential linear decompressors with retained free variables

A highly efficient SOC test compression scheme which uses sequential linear decompressors local to each core is proposed. Test data is stored on the tester in compressed form and brought over the TAM to the core before being decompressed. Very high encoding efficiency is achieved by providing the ability to share free variables across test cubes being compressed at the same time as well as in subsequent time steps. The idea of retaining unused non-pivot free variables when decompressing one test cube to help for encoding subsequent test cubes that was introduced in [Muthyala 12] is applied here in the context of SOC testing. It is shown that in this application, a first-in first-out (FIFO) buffer is not required. The ability to retain excess free variables rather than wasting them when the decompressor is reset avoids the need for high precision in matching the number of free variables used for encoding with the number of care bits. This allows greater flexibility in test scheduling to reduce test time, tester storage, and control complexity as indicated by the experimental results.
The oral and physical health of students entering dental school.

An evaluation of the oral and physical health of 146 students entering dental school was made. The study revealed 5.77 carious surfaces and 19.86 restored surfaces per student. An average of 9.22 teeth had been restored and 332 teeth were missing in the group of students. Total dental needs (carious and defective restored surfaces) averaged 8.3 per student. The students’ medical histories revealed that the highest number of diseases that the students were experiencing involved the respiratory system, with those of the cardiovascular system next in number. An extreme need for preventive dentistry is indicated.
Philology in three dimensions

Philology, the discipline of making sense of texts, orients itself along three planes of meaning: the text’s genesis, its tradition of reception and its presence to the philologist’s own subjectivity. While the three meanings may all resolve into forms of historicism, they are typically not disaggregated; instead, they are viewed as mutually hostile if not exclusive. The conflict between the first, the ‘historicist’ more conventionally viewed, and the third, the ‘presentist,’ is ubiquitous in everyday philology. What is generally ignored, however, is the ‘traditionist,’ pertinent here both for the moment of its suppression in early capitalist Europe and for the means and meaning of its reclamation. Enacting philology in three dimensions requires a delicate balance – essential if we are to cultivate the important political–ethical values that are only possible by learning to read well.
Limited Access to Feed During Egg Formation and the Shell Quality of Eggs Laid in the Afternoon

Abstract The effect of limiting hens access to feed during formation of eggs laid in the afternoon on the shell quality of these eggs was examined using 225 SCWL laying hens, 50 weeks of age. The hens were housed in individual cages in an enclosed, fan-ventilated room, with lights on from 0500 to 2100 hr. Access to feed by 105 hens was progressively limited over a period of five days until feeders were covered from 0800 to 1600 hr daily. The remaining 120 hens were fed ad libitum as controls. All hens were fed a 16.0% protein laying ration containing 3.25% calcium and .53% total phosphorus. Time of lay (±15 min), egg weight, and shell quality data were collected for 12 consecutive days, beginning one week after full feed limitation. Egg specific gravity, shell thickness, and shell weight (mg) per square centimeter egg surface area were significantly greater for eggs from both feeding systems laid after 1300 hr than for eggs laid in the morning. Mean shell weight was significantly greater for eggs laid after 1300 hr than for eggs laid between 0901 and 1300 hr. Eggs laid in the early morning were the heaviest and, although mean egg weight, and hence egg surface area, progressively decreased throughout the day, the increased shell weight of eggs laid after 1300 hr was primarily responsible for the significant improvement in shell quality in eggs laid in the afternoon.
Triangular microstrip patch antennas for dual mode 802.11 a,b WLAN application

The analysis of equiangular triangular microstrip patch antennas is conducted to determine the mutual coupling under the constraint of small interelement spacing. The results show that the optimum location is near the midpoint along the edge of the antenna and not at the vertices. A four element diversity antenna is designed that has dual band (2.45, 5.25, 5.8 GHz) and dual linear polarization capabilities.
Electrothermoplasmonic flow for plasmon-assisted optical trapping (Presentation Recording)

Plasmonic nanostructures, which support highly localized and enhanced electromagnetic field are now actively researched as a means for efficient trapping of nanoscale objects, not addressable by conventional diffraction-limited optical tweezers. An issue of critical concern is how to efficiently transport and deliver the suspended particles to the illuminated plasmonic nanostructure. There are primarily two main approaches that researchers employ for trapping of particles with plasmonic nanostructure(s) on a substrate. The first approach involves illuminating arrays of closely-spaced plasmonic nanostructures. However resonant illumination of the nanostructures results in collective heating and this produces strong fluid convection that exerts drag forces on the particles. Elucidating the roles of these heating-induced forces and optical gradient forces arising from plasmonic field enhancement have so far remained elusive. The other scheme involves illuminating a single plasmonic nanostructure. However, due to the absence of thermoplasmonic convection in this case, the dynamics of the suspended particle to be trapped becomes dictated by Brownian motion- an inherently slow process. We will discuss a new fluid flow mechanism, which we have termed electrothermoplasmonic (ETP) flow to resolve this dilemma. ETP flow harnesses intrinsic plasmonic heating combined with AC electric field to generate on-demand fluid and particle transport, which means that particles could be rapidly transported for trapping in sub-wavelength plasmonic hotspots only when desired, and without any competition between heating-induced forces and optical gradient forces. These new capabilities certainly provide new directions for research in the field of plasmon-assisted optical trapping, which will be discussed.
Self-determination and motivation for bariatric surgery: a qualitative study

This study examined how obese individuals acquire their motivation to undergo weight loss surgery and characterized the motivations within the framework of the self-determination theory (SDT). Participants expecting to have bariatric surgery were recruited and participated in semi-structured interviews. Interview accounts characterized different types of motivation for individuals seeking surgical weight loss treatments on the SDT continuum of relative autonomy. This study demonstrated that the more one's motivation was internally regulated, related to one's personal life and supported for competency, the more personal and hopeful were the anecdotes participants mentioned in accounts, thus the more positive the surgical outcomes were anticipated. Study limitations and future research were discussed as was the need for a systematic scheme to categorize types of motivation within the SDT, a longitudinal approach to measure actual weight loss outcomes based on the patient's pre-surgical motivation, and a further investigation with a larger sample size and balanced gender ratio. Practical implications of the study findings were also discussed as a novel strategy to internalize bariatric patients' motivation, further helping to improve their long-term quality of life post-surgery.
"Emo" Culture and Gender Norms in Late Adolescents and Young Adults

The present study examined the extent to which youth who endorse emo subculture reject the traditional masculine norm of restrictive emotionality. It also examined the relationships between endorsement and rejection of emo subculture and traditional masculine and feminine norms and masculine gender role conflict. In Study 1 ( N = 13) three focus groups were conducted to create the mixed methods Emo Culture Questionnaire (ECQ). In Study 2 ( N = 164) exploratory factor analysis of the quantitative part of the ECQ resulted in a 15-item, 4-factor scale; however, due to low reliabilities, only two scales were used in the analyses. Three hypotheses were mostly supported. The endorsement of emo subculture by men was negatively associated with their Restrictive Emotionality subscale scores of both the Male Role Norms Inventory- Revised (MRNI-R) and Gender Role Conflict Scale (GRCS). The endorsement of emo subculture by women was negatively associated with their MRNI-R Restrictive Emotionality scores but was not positively associated their Femininity Ideology Scale (FIS) Emotionality scores. Negative views of the emo subculture by both men and women were positively correlated with their MRNI-R Restrictive Emotionality scores. An exploratory question found that the endorsement of emo subculture had significant negative correlations with three additional MRNI-R subscales and the total scale for men and with five MRNI-R subscales and the total scale for women. In addition, the endorsement of emo subculture had significant negative correlations with two FIS subscales, and with two additional GRCS subscales and the total scale for men. Qualitative results from the ECQ indicated that while the label “emo” may not function as a personal identifier, the music, fashion, and behavior thus identified remain popular.
Determination of Multivalent Protein–Ligand Binding Kinetics by Second-Harmonic Correlation Spectroscopy

Binding kinetics of the multivalent proteins peanut agglutinin (PnA) and cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) to a GM1-doped 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) lipid bilayer were investigated by both second-harmonic correlation spectroscopy (SHCS) and a traditional equilibrium binding isotherm. Adsorption and desorption rates, as well as binding affinity and binding free energy, for three bulk protein concentrations were determined by SHCS. For PnA binding to GM1, the measured adsorption rate decreased with increasing bulk PnA concentration from (3.7 ± 0.3) × 106 M–1·s–1 at 0.43 μM PnA to (1.1 ± 0.1) × 105 M–1·s–1 at 12 μM PnA. CTB–GM1 exhibited a similar trend, decreasing from (1.0 ± 0.1) × 109 M–1·s–1 at 0.5 nM CTB to (3.5 ± 0.2) × 106 M–1·s–1 at 240 nM CTB. The measured desorption rates in both studies did not exhibit any dependence on initial protein concentration. As such, 0.43 μM PnA and 0.5 nM CTB had the strongest measured binding affinities, (3.7 ± 0.8) × 109 M–1 and (2.8 ± 0.5) × 1013 M–1,...
Myeloperoxidase: An Enzyme Involved in Intrinsic Vincristine Resistance in Human Myeloblastic Leukemia

One of the differences between acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is their sensitivity to vincristine. Although vincristine plays an important role in chemotherapeutic regimens for ALL, it does not possess clinically significant activity in AML. Horseradish peroxidase, a heme-centered peroxidase, oxidatively degrades Vinca derivatives and thereby abrogates their cytotoxic activity. This finding suggested that myeloperoxidase (MPO), a heme-centered peroxidase characteristically found in AML and not in ALL, might also degrade vincristine. We first examined the effects of MPO on vincristine in a cell-free system and demonstrated that this enzyme is capable of catalyzing vincristine's oxidative breakdown. We also observed that vincristine is more rapidly degraded in tissue culture by MPO-positive HL-60 cells than by a MPO-negative HL-60 subclone. The degree of MPO activity in these cell lines correlated in a positive manner with their degree of resistance to vincristine's cytotoxic activity. Moreover, the differential resistance to vincristine observed between these cell lines could be increased by increasing the concentration of H2O2 available to the enzyme. These data support the hypothesis that MPO-mediated oxidation of vincristine accounts in part for this drug's lack of activity in AML.
Deciphering the “duty of support”: caring for young people in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Framed around a public and legal debate about the boundaries of responsibility and obligation to care for children in post-apartheid South Africa, the paper interrogates key assumptions regarding family structure and care patterns, as embedded in policies and programmes intended to offer support to “vulnerable” young people. Drawing on a legal contestation of eligibility for the foster care grant, the piece examines the South African state’s definitions of the duty of support and the right to care for children. Then, to explore how responsibility for children is conceived of and distributed, the article briefly describes what one could refer to as “the problem of the patriline” in Zulu kinship, that is, the tensions between the rules governing descent, ownership of and obligations to (and from) children and shifting experiences of kinship and care. Finally, by exploring how responsibility for children is conceived of and distributed for a small group of young people in one locality in KwaZulu-Natal, the p...
Late-Adolescent English Gentry Siblings and Leave-Taking in the Early Eighteenth Century

Florence Smyth was a desolate young woman. The long-awaited trip to visit her beloved elder brother John, or Jack, at his Oxford college was over and now she and her many sisters were home again without friends in the depths of the English West Country in the county of Somerset. Scarcely arrived back, she penned Jack a short epistle in her characteristically large scrawling letters. ‘You were so kind’, she began, ‘to desire you might hear how we got home, which I take the first opportunity to let you know that we go very well to Ashton. The place I must needs tell you seems very dismal after being in so much good company. The remainder of our journey after we left you we [sic] was very melancholy’.1 This exchange of information was grounded within a pre-existing sibling bond. Florence’s letter, most likely from 1719, was written in response to Jack’s request for news of her safe arrival. His sister complied and then went on to describe the interlocking relationship between her present low emotions, her physical location and her memory of the moment in which her depression began. She contrasts the gloomy setting of Ashton Court to the excitement of Oxford and she names their departure from Jack as the point in which her emotions shifted from happy sociability to grief at their separation.
Endometrial Cancers With Activating KRas Mutations Have Activated Estrogen Signaling and Paradoxical Response to MEK Inhibition.

Objectives The aims of this study were to determine if activating KRas mutation alters estrogen signaling in endometrial cancer (EC) and to explore the potential therapeutic impact of these alterations. Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas was queried for changes in estrogen-regulated genes in EC based on KRas mutation status. In vitro studies were conducted to evaluate estrogen receptor α (ERα) phosphorylation changes and related kinase changes in KRas mutant EC cells. The resulting effect on response to MEK inhibition, using trametinib, was evaluated. Immunohistochemistry was performed on KRas mutant and wild-type EC tumors to test estrogen signaling differences. Results KRas mutant tumors in The Cancer Genome Atlas showed decreased progesterone receptor expression (P = 0.047). Protein analysis in KRas mutant EC cells also showed decreased expression of ERα (P Conclusions MEK inhibition in KRas mutant cells results in activation of ER signaling and prevents the abrogation of signaling through ERK1/2 and p90RSK that is achieved in KRas wild-type EC cells. Combination therapy with MEK inhibition plus antiestrogen therapy may be necessary to improve response rates in patients with KRas mutant EC.
PDSEC Keynote

Supercomputing systems are used everywhere today. Starting with their humble beginnings as tools for large scientific simulations, supercomputing systems are used in almost all aspects of our daily lives today from interactions with friends and family to transportation, education, and the general improvement in the quality of our lives. As we move from the current generation of supercomputers to the next generation of more powerful systems, all the way to Exascale supercomputers, the needs of end users and their applications is increasing and more importantly broadening the way in which these systems are used. In this talk I’ll discuss some of the new challenges of this new breed of supercomputing applications and how we need supercomputing systems to evolve to meet these challenges.
Modulation of RhoA associated signaling by lovastatin and celecoxib in human colon cancer cells.

3069 Combinational regimens offer promise for chemoprevention because they allow the use of low doses for blocking multiple signaling pathways. The identification of molecular targets responsible for synergistic tumor inhibitory effects is extremely important. We have shown that a combination of celecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor) and lovastatin (HMG-R inhibitor) provides synergistic tumor inhibitory effects in preclinical models (Swamy MV et al, Cancer Res. 2006, 66:7370-7; Reddy BS et al, Cancer Res. 2006 66: 4542-6). An analysis of tissues from azoxymethane (AOM) induced rat colon tumors show a ten-fold increase in RhoA compared to normal colonic mucosa. The Rho/ROCK pathway plays an important role in cancer progression by modulating the expression of several proteins like E-cadherin, PKCδ and cell cycle regulatory proteins. We tested the hypothesis that the reduced tumor incidence and size observed in pre-clinical models treated with lovastatin and/or celecoxib may be associated with a decrease in RhoA associated signaling. Therefore, in the current study, we analyzed the molecular mechanism involved in the synergistic action of lovastatin and celecoxib on RhoA/ROCK signaling. HCT116 cells were treated for 24 hours with 25 μM lovastatin and 50 μM celecoxib either alone or in combination and western blots was performed to analyze the expression of Rho/ROCK signaling pathway proteins. Because RhoA/ROCK signaling is involved in cytoskeleton organization and cell motility, we studied the effect of lovastatin and/or celecoxib on actin cytoskeleton and cell motility using immunofluroscence and 3-D migration experiments. Both lovastatin and celecoxib treatment led to a decrease in RhoA, ROCK and PKCδ with lovastatin showing a greater effect than celecoxib. However, celecoxib showed a greater decrease in cyclin A, cyclin D1, pRb and E2F1 expression when compared to lovastatin. Interestingly, the combination treatment showed a significant decrease in Rho/ROCK signaling pathway proteins indicative of a synergistic effect. In contrast, celecoxib, lovastatin and the combination increased E-cadherin expression by 2, 3 and 5 fold respectively. Immunofluroscence results showed that lovastatin, celecoxib and their combination treatment decreased actin cytoskeleton formation by ~65, 50 and 93% respectively. 3-D cell culture migration experiments showed that lovastatin, celecoxib and the combination led to ~78, 65 and 95% decrease in cell motility/migration. The results from the current study suggest that a combination of lovastatin and celecoxib exerts a synergistic effect by down-regulation of RhoA/ROCK pathway. RhoA may therefore be useful as a target for colon cancer prevention and treatment. (Support by the NCI R01-94962 and NCI-CN-53300)
Update on Surgical Treatments for Pelvic Organ Prolapse

The purpose of this review is to update readers on recent controversies and current evidence regarding surgical procedures for the treatment of female pelvic organ prolapse. Topics discussed include the role of patient selection and individualized care that involves the patient in surgical decision-making. Perioperative decisions reflect rapidly advancing technology, innovations in surgical technique, surgical training, and surgeon’s own unique preferences, all of which provide an opportunity for improved outcomes and also require deliberate attention to unanticipated patient safety concerns. Pelvic reconstructive surgery for pelvic organ prolapse requires an appreciation for complex pelvic anatomy and advanced surgical training. In a field focused on patient-centered quality of life outcomes, it is imperative to involve the patient in the decision-making process while also balancing differences in surgeons’ skills, biases, and available technology. These topics are explored in detail and offered a thoughtful approach to surgical management.
EFFECTS OF HUMIDITY AND PHOSPHORUS ON POPULATIONS OF THE EUROPEAN RED MITE PANONYCHUS ULMI (ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE)

A laboratory study investigating the combined effects of phosphorus and relative humidity upon reproduction by the European red mite Panonychus ulmi (Koch) was conducted. Phosphorus effects were te...
Polarization canting in ferroelectric diisopropylammonium-halide molecular crystals: a computational first principles study

We report the results of a computational first-principles study of the structural and electrical properties of three ferroelectric diisopropylammonium halides containing chlorine, bromine, and iodine. Calculations were carried out using density-functional theory with maximally-localized Wannier functions utilized for computing electrical polarization within the Modern Theory of Polarization formalism. For each of the crystals, the polar properties for all of the relevant polymorphs were evaluated and decomposed into contributions from individual positive diisopropylammonium and negative halogen-ion charge centers. The calculations show that each diisopropylammonium-halide unit in the crystal possesses a substantial dipole moment with magnitude of 10 to 15 Debye, but that these dipoles are arranged in a mutually opposing manner, leading to full cancellation in the paraelectric phase. In the ferroelectric phase, the dipoles cant along a common polar axis, inducing a small net dipole moment in the crystallographic unit cell, with spontaneous polarization ranging from 5 μC cm−2 for the iodide to 6 μC cm−2 for the bromide and 7 μC cm−2 for the chloride, suggesting no strong dependence of the polarization on the chemical identity of the halide counter ion. We propose that structural modifications of the diisopropylammonium-halide system aimed at stabilization of large unit-dipole cantings could produce molecular crystals with greatly increased spontaneous polarization.
TP73 Is an Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Candidate Risk Gene (S25.006)

Objective: To better understand amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pathogenesis by identifying novel ALS candidate risk genes. Background: ALS is a fatal disease in which motor neurons progressively degenerate. Genetic factors are known to play a significant role in ALS pathogenesis. To date, more than 15 genes have been strongly linked to the development of ALS. However, these genes do not completely account for the heritability of the disease. Design/Methods: A VAAST and PHEVOR burden analysis was performed on exome sequence data from 87 University of Utah sporadic ALS (SALS) patients and 324 healthy individuals from the Simons Simplex Collection to identify ALS candidate risk genes. VAAST and PHEVOR identified genes with a higher number of deleterious nonsynonymous single nucleotide variants (nsSNVs) in cases compared to controls. Select candidate risk genes from this analysis were then modeled in zebrafish using CRISPR/Cas9 to determine their role in motor neuron survival. Results: TP73 , which encodes p73, was the second-ranked VAAST / PHEVOR gene with five rare (minor allele frequency TP73 . All 22 nsSNVs were predicted to be deleterious by MetaSVM. Zebrafish embryos were injected with Cas9 and CRISPR RNA targeted to tp73 to disrupt the gene. We found a significant reduction in the primary axon length and number of spinal motor neurons in tp73 mutants. Further, tp73 mutants had a significant increase in motor neuron apoptosis. Conclusions: TP73 variants likely to be deleterious exist in a substantial number of ALS patients. Further, loss of p73 negatively affects motor neuron development and survival. This evidence suggests TP73 is involved in ALS pathogenesis and broadens understanding of the disease. Study Supported by: Utah Neuroscience Initiative; Utah Genome Project; National Institutes of Health (NIH): TL1TR001066, R01GM059290, R01GM104390, R35GM118335, and R37NS033123; Target ALS. Disclosure: Dr. Downie has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gibson holds stock and/or stock options in Recursion Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Tsetsou has nothing to disclose. Dr. Keefe has nothing to disclose. Dr. Russell has nothing to disclose. Dr. Figueroa has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bromberg has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Accordant Health Care. Dr. Murtaugh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pulst has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bonkowsky has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jorde has nothing to disclose.
Botulinum Toxin Type A Overdoses: Analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System Database.

Published literature on overdoses related to botulinum toxin A (BtxA) agents is scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the BtxA drug class’ respective agents for associations with overdose. United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database was utilized to search for overdoses. The analysis was conducted on data between second quarter 2014 and third quarter 2017. BtxA cases were included when they were considered the “Primary Suspect” drug. Overdose was defined as presence of ‘overdose’ being reported as an adverse event. Primary outcome was incidence of ‘overdose’ compared within the respective agents. Additionally, a disproportionality analysis was conducted utilizing reporting odds ratio (ROR) versus onabotulinumtoxinA as a referent while controlling for confounding variables. A total of 3,837,406 unique adverse events were reported during the study period for all drugs in the FAERS database. Of which, 13,078 were BtxA cases. The rate of adverse events involving overdose for abobotulinumtoxinA (20.2%; 215/1065) was significantly higher than both onabotulinumtoxinA (0.4%; 48/11,323; p < 0.0001) and incobotulinumtoxinA (0.1%; 1/690; p < 0.0001). In the regression analysis, abobotulinumtoxinA (ROR 73.26; 95% CI 51.17–104.90) had a significant association with overdose, whereas incobotulinumtoxinA (ROR 0.73; 95% CI 0.10–5.36) did not, versus the referent onabotulinumtoxinA. The present analysis showed adverse events of abobotulinumtoxinA were significantly associated with overdose versus the other two BtxA agents. Overdose can be difficult to research, particularly for in-clinic administered drugs. Future studies should venture to confirm these results in new and novel ways.
A comparison study of local lattice distortion in Ni80Pd20 binary alloy and FeCoNiCrPd high-entropy alloy

Abstract The effect of alloying Pd on the local lattice distortion (LLD) in the Ni and FeCoNiCr host matrixes is quantified by integrating local structure characterization and theoretical calculations. The local structure measurements reveal that the mean LLD in the FeCoNiCrPd high-entropy alloy (HEA) is twice as high as the Ni80Pd20 binary alloy though the FeCoNiCr base alloy has a negligible mean LLD. Density functional theory calculations unveil that the unexpected high mean LLD in FeCoNiCrPd is related to the high fluctuation of LLD in the FeCoNiCr matrix. These observations suggest a synergetic effect of chemical complexity on HEAs' mean LLD.
Black Girl Rocks: Michelle Obama, My Inspiration

Hall examines the influence of Black Girls Rock on young women and girls. She examines First Lady Michelle Obama’s speeches and activities to trace the former First Lady Michelle Obama’s impact on her personal growth. She explained why and how young women and girls like herself identified with the words of First Lady Obama and were inspired by her.