cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In vitro inhibition of antirecoverin immunoglobulin-mediated death of mammalian photoreceptor cells.

Cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) is a blinding disease, which can be mediated by autoimmune reactions with a specific calcium-binding retinal protein, recoverin. A number of recent studies demonstrate that agents that mobilize intracellular calcium can protect neurons from apoptotic death induced by a variety of insults. In this study, we investigated the effect of one such agent, potassium, on the survival of mammalian rod photoreceptors exposed to antirecoverin IgG. Primary cell cultures of rat retinal neurons were grown in a chemically defined medium, and cells were exposed to antirecoverin IgG for 72 hr in various concentrations of potassium and the surviving cells counted. Rod photoreceptors were quantitated using antirhodopsin immunofluorescence microscopy, and total cell numbers were determined by 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining of nuclei. Apoptosis was evaluated by TdT-mediated biotin-dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL), cell death-detection ELISA, and DNA laddering. The present study shows that elevated extracellular K+ ([K+]o) protects retinal neurons from antirecoverin antibody-mediated cell death. The protective effects of [K+]o were shown to be time- and dose-dependent. The inhibition of antirecoverin IgG-mediated death of photoreceptors by elevated [K+]o suggests that the mobilization of internal calcium stores rescues the cells by interfering with apoptotic signal transduction pathways. These data also suggest that the death of photoreceptor cells occurring in CAR possibly can be prevented by reagents and/or environmental changes that mobilize intracellular calcium. J. Neurosci. Res. 63:116–123, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Social behaviour and individual differences in free-living Alpine marmots (Marmota marmota)

Abstract I studied the behaviour of free-living Alpine marmots, Marmota marmota, from 1 June to 19 August 1973 in Vanoise National Park, France. Comparing animals of the same sex and age class, individual differences in behaviour generally were greater between colonies than within colonies. Individual differences among adults exceeded those of yearlings, and greater individual differences occurred with regard to social behaviour than with relatively asocial behaviour. General patterns of social biology resembled those of the North American marmots, exceptions being a tendency for adult males to remain somewhat away from and at higher elevation than their colonies, and a distinctly lower frequency of greeting behaviour. Implications of these findings for the evolution of marmot social behaviour are discussed.
Cellular segregation: A ‘late’ differentiative characteristic of chick limb bud cartilage cells

Abstract A previous investigation demonstrated that limb cartilage cells gain the ability to segregate as cartilage during the differentiative process, but the time in the differentiative process when this ability appears was not determined. The study of the segregation properties of limb cartilage cells was continued in order to discover whether the cells gain the ability to segregate as cartilage early or late in cartilage differentiation. It has been found that cells from the cartilage-forming region that are already surrounded by some metachromatic matrix and that are already able to form ectopic cartilage in the soft tissue region of a host limb do not segregate from limb mesenchyme cells but do segregate from limb cartilage cells. Thus, the ability to segregate as cartilage arises in limb cartilage cells later than the other cartilage-specific characteristics that have been studied.
Beyond acute appendicitis: imaging of additional pathologies of the pediatric appendix

Primary acute appendicitis is by far the most common pathological condition affecting the appendix. There are differential diagnoses, however, when an abnormal appendix is found by imaging. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the imaging and clinical manifestations of less common appendiceal abnormalities in children. Familiarity with these alternative diagnoses might be particularly helpful in guiding management of the child whose clinical presentation is not typical for primary acute appendicitis.
Active Thermal Preload Regulation for Machine Tool Spindles With Rolling Element Bearings

Modern machine tools are required to operate at wide speed ranges for higher productivity and quality. Because spindle bearings generate a large amount of heat at high speeds, the compensation for thermal effects in machine tools becomes exceedingly important. In this paper, a preload model is developed to describe how external cooling (or heating) affects the bearing preload. Based on the model, an active thermal preload regulation scheme is proposed and its feasibility is validated experimentally. The proposed preload regulation scheme is achieved by circulating a cooling (or heating) flow around the spindle housing to manipulate the housing and the outer ring temperatures. The results show that thermal preload is highly sensitive to the spindle outer ring and housing temperatures, and with proper preload level regulated by the cooling flow, the bearing runs steadier with less thermal preload fluctuations and is less disturbed by external loading. The results are significant for modern high performance spindle designs where different preload levels are required to cope with different machining conditions and where cooling is adopted to remove the large amount of heat produced at high speeds.
Multirate Explicit Adams Methods for Time Integration of Conservation Laws

This paper constructs multirate linear multistep time discretizations based on Adams-Bashforth methods. These methods are aimed at solving conservation laws and allow different timesteps to be used in different parts of the spatial domain. The proposed family of discretizations is second order accurate in time and has conservation and linear and nonlinear stability properties under local CFL conditions. Multirate timestepping avoids the necessity to take small global timesteps--restricted by the largest value of the Courant number on the grid--and therefore results in more efficient computations. Numerical results obtained for the advection and Burgers' equations confirm the theoretical findings.
DNA polymerase induction by DNA-negative temperature-sensitive mutants of herpes simplex virus type 2.

Abstract Four DNA − temperature-sensitive mutants of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), belonging to three complementation groups, were examined for their ability to induce virus-specific DNA polymerase activity in HEp-2 cells. At the permissive temperature (34°), all mutants induced DNA polymerase activity at levels comparable to wild-type HSV-2. At the nonpermissive temperature (38°), all four mutants were deficient in polymerase induction, producing from 0 to 30% of wild-type levels, and this deficiency was not due to a diffusible inhibitor. Although the polymerase of all four mutants was only slightly more heat labile than that of wild-type virus in vitro , two mutants had temperature-sensitive DNA polymerase activity when tested in temperature shift-up experiments. Temperature shift-down experiments established that the proteins responsible for the block in DNA polymerase induction began to function at about 4 hr after infection and were required continuously thereafter. The data obtained suggest that at least three genes of HSV-2 code for polypeptides which either are a part of the virus-specific polymerase or are necessary for its induction and/or regulation
The X-ray Timing Explorer Mission

The technical aspects of the X-ray Timing Explorer (XTE) mission are described with particular attention paid to the current scientific problems it will address. It features a low-background, continuous 2-200 keV response with large areas. Rapid response (in hours) to observing opportunities is obtained by virtue of a scanning all-sky monitor, rapid spacecraft maneuverability, and rapid response in the control center. XTE will carry out detailed, energy-resolved studies of phenomena close to neutron stars and black holes utilizing XTE's submillisecond timing, its high telemetry rates, and the high throughput of its data system.
Sensing RNA virus infections.

RIG-I is an RNA helicase that senses viral infections and triggers innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. Recent studies have identified RNAs bearing 5′-triphosphates as ligands of RIG-I and have suggested a mechanism for how RIG-I distinguishes viral RNA from host RNA.
The Kinetics of Fe(II) Oxidation and Well Screen Encrustation

The unconsolidatcd sediments which border the Missouri River constitute an important ground-water aquifer that has been developed for municipal and industrial water supplies. The hydraulic efficiency of wells in these sediments decreases with time because of well screen encrustation caused by the oxidation of dissolved ferrous iron to insoluble ferric oxyhydroxides. The kinetics of ferrous iron oxidation are strongly dependent upon the solution pH and to a lesser extent the dissolved oxygen content. Chemical analyses of the well water including pH, Eh, dissolved oxygen, and dissolved iron indicate that at least one-half time for ferrous iron oxidation occurs prior to ground water entering the wells. As ground-water velocity increases near a pumping well, shallow, oxygen-bearing ground water may mix with deeper, reduced water by mechanical dispersion and turbulent flow and facilitate the oxidation of dissolved ferrous iron. Although little can be done to prevent well screen encrustation, the rate of encrustation may be slowed by regulated pumping and avoidance of shutdowns.
Contralateral cochlear effects of ipsilateral damage: no evidence for interaural coupling.

Lesion studies of the olivocochlear efferents have suggested that feedback via this neuronal pathway normally maintains an appropriate binaural balance in excitability of the two cochlear nerves (Darrow et al., 2006). If true, a decrease in cochlear nerve output from one ear, due to conductive or sensorineural hearing loss, should change cochlear nerve response in the opposite ear via modulation in olivocochlear feedback. To investigate this putative efferent-mediated interaural coupling, we measured cochlear responses repeatedly from both ears in groups of mice for several weeks before, and for up to 5 weeks after, a unilateral manipulation causing either conductive or sensorineural hearing loss. Response measures included amplitude vs. level functions for distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and auditory brainstem responses (ABRs), evoked at 7 log-spaced frequencies. Ipsilateral manipulations included either tympanic membrane removal or an acoustic overstimulation designed to produce a reversible or irreversible threshold shift over a restricted frequency range. None of these ipsilateral manipulations produced systematic changes in contralateral cochlear responses, either at threshold or suprathreshold levels, either in ABRs or DPOAEs. Thus, we find no evidence for compensatory contralateral changes following ipsilateral hearing loss. We did, however, find evidence for age-related increases in DPOAE amplitudes as animals mature from 6 to 12 weeks and evidence for a slow apical spread of noise-induced threshold shifts, which continues for several days post-exposure.
Autonomous underwater barcode recognition

Wide area symbol recognition is a task that plagues many autonomous vehicles. A process is needed first to recognize if the symbol is present, and if so where it is. Once the symbol's position is detected it must be analyzed and recognized. In this scenario we have a submersible attempting to locate man made objects on the bottom of a large water basin. These man made objects have bar codes on them that need to be read and the position of the code needs to be recorded relative to where it is in the entire pond. A two step process has been developed to allow the position recognition within a frame to be dealt with on a separate DSP associated with one of three total cameras. The object recognition is then dealt with on a high speed computer aboard the vehicle to read the proper code. The reading is done using a statistics based approach that assumes a noisy, but contrasting background. This approach has proven to be effective in environments in which the background has very little ordered noise, such as the bottom of lakes and ponds, but requires very high clarity in order to capture a suitable image.
Brother to Brother: African American Modes of Relating among Men.

African American males shoulder great burdens in their efforts to be men in a system that defines manhood in ways that exclude the cultural imperatives of this group. Societally defined masculinity, as the basis for judging manhood in America, prescribes a set of behaviors for men in relating to other men that often places them in opposition to each other. This entity called masculinity is a mythical and illusory creation of those in power with the intent of designing an image of men that has little to do with human needs and aspirations, functioning instead to justify and maintain male privilege and domination (Pleck, 1981). The consequence of this distortion for African American men is a psychological void that places them outside the reaches of significant and necessary human affiliation, as in the case of family (marital and biological), community, and friendships. Recent data describing the perilous environment in which most African American males live suggest the importance of examining the role that masculinity plays in how these males relate to each other. African American males are vulnerable to a host of inimical conditions including poverty, crime, unemployment, substance abuse, high morbidity rates, and early death through infant mortal-
Dynamic modeling of a flexible oscillating pectoral fin for robotic fish

Purpose – The paper aims to present a dynamic model of flexible oscillating pectoral fin for further study on its propulsion mechanism. Design/methodology/approach – The chordwise and spanwise motions of cow-nosed ray’s pectoral fin are first analyzed based on the mechanism of active/passive flexible deformation. The kinematic model of oscillating pectoral fin is established by introducing the flexible deformation. Then, the dynamic model of the oscillating pectoral fin is developed based on the quasi-steady blade element theory. A series of hydrodynamic experiments on the oscillating pectoral fin are carried out to investigate the influences of motion parameters on the propulsion performance of the oscillating pectoral fin. Findings – The experimental results are consistent with that obtained through analytical calculation within a certain range, which indicates that the developed dynamic model in this paper is applicable to describe the dynamic characteristics of the oscillating pectoral fin approximate...
A diffraction limit on the gravitational lens effect

The focussing of gravitational radiation by the interior and exterior gravitational field of a Newtonian gravitational lens is considered. A graphical method for determining the caustic structure of a Newtonian gravitational lens is presented and the caustic structure of a solar type gravitational lens is discussed. Estimates of the amplitude magnification in the caustic region indicate that waves with frequencies less than a critical cutoff frequency ω c are not amplified significantly. For a lens of massM this cutoff frequency is ω c ≈(10-1πM)-1; for the Sun ω c ≈104s-1.
Stratigraphic Controls on Pennsylvanian Oil of Paradox Basin, Four Corners Region: ABSTRACT

Whether called an embayment, a re-entrant, a basin, a sag, or a geosyncline, the area underlain by the Paradox prism of sedimentary rocks is today no one of these. This prism reveals a complex history of (1) lithologic variation, (2) diverse tilt, and (3) structural deformation. The Paradox facies of the Four Corners region contains important reserves of Pennsylvanian oil. The lithologic variation of any specific sedimentary unit is a function of sedimentational history controlled by provenance and tectonism of the source area, type of transporting agent, chemistry of the marine water, and condition of the sea bottom. The stratigraphic variations involve thickness, intersection of bedding surfaces, diastems, and disconformities, and space available for deposition; all of hich are closely related to the tilt history as well as the positive or negative shifts of the effective wave and current base. These, then, are the controls which affected the juxtaposition of different rock types to yield linear controls on the early regional migration of gas, oil, and water phases. The structural deformation of the Paradox prism, often considered to have occurred at finite points or areas in time such as "Laramide" or "mid-Tertiary," in reality must have occurred almost continuously from the initiation of Paradox basination in early Cherokee time, to the present time. This concept, applicable to most Pennsylvanian basins of rapid subsidence, involves recognition of directions and amounts of regional tilt by mapping finite member thickness, specific lithologic characte , probable successive fluid types, and possible directions of fluid movement throughout post-depositional history of that member. These data are equated within the framework of the inferred compactional history for each stratal member during basinal subsidence. Early gentle folding occurred parallel with the facies strike and the general strike of stratal convergence during the areal crowding of the basin. These earlier gentle structures appeared in areas of relatively greater lithologic competence ("reefs") near the break-in-shelf slope, and provided the major traps for Pennsylvanian oil. There can be little doubt that later tectonic events not only modified but probably destroyed many oil accumulations as well as masking the locations of the several large Aneth-type fields still to be found in the Four Corners region. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1778------------
Procedures used to improve the quality of ionospheric data

The paper outlines procedures used in the examination of data received from 21 field stations. Figures are provided to illustrate the type of records examined and the results of interstation comparison. Stations separated by not more than four degrees of geomagnetic latitude are compared graphically as regards monthly medians of the various characteristics. Discoveries of operating errors which had escaped observation for several months are described. A type of scaling error discovered by graphical comparison of stations is mentioned.
Assessment Activities at Large, Research Universities.

Assessment and outcomes measurement is receiving considerable attention in higher education nationwide. But what are colleges and universities doing and calling assessment? To answer these and other questions, a telephone survey was conducted with a sample of large, research universities. Responses to the survey are presented and discussed in this paper. Results indicated limited university involvement in activities commonly associated with the current assessment “movement,” i.e., measures of added value or student progress and growth. Instead, much of the reported activities are “traditional” testing and evaluation activities such as placement testing and student evaluation of instruction. In sum, assessmentis evaluation at large, research universities.
Chemical blepharitis following drug treatment.

During the past two years at the L.S.U. Eye Center, we have seen more than six cases of unilateral blepharitis, although published reports of this condition are infrequent. Blepharitis is usually thought to be caused by seborrhea or Staphylococcus infection, but we have found that the isolation of Staphylococcus from the meibomian glands is uncommon.
Representation of Developing Countries in Orthopaedic Journals: A Survey of Four Influential Orthopaedic Journals

Background The developing world contains more than ¾ of the world’s population, and has the largest burden of musculoskeletal disease. Published studies provide crucial information that can influence healthcare policies. Presumably much information regarding burden in the developing world would arise from authors from developing countries. However, the extent of participation of authors from the developing world in widely read orthopaedic journals is unclear.
KLF2 transcription factor modulates blood vessel maturation through smooth muscle cell migration.

Vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and maturation are three major phases of the development of blood vessels. Although many receptors required for blood vessel formation have been defined, the intracellular signal transduction pathways involved in vascular maturation remain unclear. KLF2–/– embryos fail to develop beyond 13.5 days because of a lack of blood vessel stabilization. The molecular mechanism of KLF2 function in embryonic vascular vessels is still largely unknown. Here we show a normal development pattern of endothelial cells in KLF2–/– embryos but a defect of smooth muscle cells at the dorsal side of the aorta. This phenotype results from arrested vascular maturation characterized by the failure of mural cells to migrate around endothelial cells. This migration defect is also observed when platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF) controlled migration is studied in murine embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells from KLF2–/– animals. In addition, KLF2–/– MEFs exhibit a significant growth defect, indicating that KLF2 is required to maintain the viability of MEF cells. The PDGF signal is mediated through the Src signaling pathway, and a downstream target of KLF2 is sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1. These studies demonstrate that KLF2 is required for smooth muscle cell migration and elucidate a novel mechanism involving communication between PDGF and KLF2 in vascular maturation.
Symptoms of pelvic endometriosis

Abstract Study of the histories of these 50 cases of endometriosis demonstrates certain points which occur with sufficient frequency to deserve emphasis. Dysmenorrhea of the acquired type, which affects a woman more than thirty years of age, is suggestive of endometriosis. Pain, which occurs in relation to previously normal menstrual periods, whether before, during, or after the period, is significant of endometriosis, although in the presence of this condition pain may occur at other times. The pain may be intermittent at first but tends to assume a more constant character and to become progressively worse with successive menstrual periods; it may be increased by physical activity. Pain on defecation or rectal straining, which is related to the menstrual period, and diarrhea or rectal bleeding, which occurs only at the menstrual period, are of distinct significance. Attacks of nausea and vomiting, which are related to the menstrual period, and which are accompanied by localized pain, may indicate the presence of endometriosis. The clinical diagnosis of pelvic endometriosis rests largely on the history and physical findings. The latter may be definitely diagnostic, as when the growth is found in the rectovaginal septum, but the diagnosis is often elusive and it is evident that a carefully developed clinical history is of distinct value in the recognition of this condition.
Genomic disorders: structural features of the genome can lead to DNA rearrangements and human disease traits

Molecular medicine began with Pauling's seminal work, which recognized sickle-cell anemia as a molecular disease, and with Ingram's demonstration of a specific chemical difference between the hemoglobins of normal and sickled human red blood cells. During the four decades that followed, investigations have focused on the gene--how mutations specifically alter DNA and how these changes affect the structure and expression of encoded proteins. Recently, however, the advances of the human genome project and the completion of total genome sequences for yeast and many bacterial species, have enabled investigators to view genetic information in the context of the entire genome. As a result, we recognize that the mechanisms for some genetic diseases are best understood at a genomic level. The evolution of the mammalian genome has resulted in the duplication of genes, gene segments and repeat gene clusters. This genome architecture provides substrates for homologous recombination between nonsyntenic regions of chromosomes. Such events can result in DNA rearrangements that cause disease.
Incomplete Lipschitz-Hankel integrals of struve functions

Abstract Representations for incomplete Lipschitz-Hankel integrals of Struve functions are given in closed form by using Kampe de Feriet functions whose double series representations converge everywhere.
Association of obesity with treatment outcomes in ovulatory infertile women undergoing superovulation and intrauterine insemination.

Objective To evaluate the association between obesity and the outcome of superovulation and intrauterine insemination (IUI) in infertile ovulatory women. Design Retrospective chart review. Setting University-based infertility clinic. Patient(s) Three hundred thirty-three ovulatory women, grouped by body mass index (BMI) categories, who received superovulation and IUI for treatment of infertility. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Primary outcome: cycle fecundity. Secondary outcomes: total dose of gonadotropins, serum level of E 2 , and number of follicles ≥17 mm on the day of hCG injection. Result(s) Adjusted cycle fecundity was not different among BMI groups (underweight: 0.14 [95% CI: {0.07, 0.29}], normal weight: 0.12 [95% CI: {0.09, 0.16}], overweight: 0.17 [95% CI: {0.12, 0.24}], and obese: 0.14 [95% CI: {0.08, 0.23}]). Adjusted total gonadotropin dose (IU/cycle) was greater in obese women than in underweight or normal-weight women. Although the numbers of large follicles were not different, E 2 levels (pg/mL) were lower in obese women than in normal-weight and overweight women. Conclusion(s) Our sample of ovulatory infertile women demonstrated that treatment-related cycle fecundity is unaffected by obesity. We conclude that obese, infertile ovulatory women require a greater dose of gonadotropins to achieve similar levels of superovulation than normal, underweight or overweight women.
Ozone in the urban southeastern United States.

Abstract Ozone measurements (daily maximum values) from the Aerometric Information Retrieval System database are analyzed for selected sites, during 1980 to 1988, in southeastern USA. Frequency distributions, for most sites during most years, show a typical bell-shaped curve with the higher frequency around the yearly daily maximum ozone mean of about 100 to about 110 μg m−3 (50–55 ppbv). Abnormal years in ozone concentration may skew the distribution as the mean shifts. A correlation of daily maximum ozone concentrations above 140 μg m−3 (70 ppbv) between sites shows a division between the sites in the northern protion of the region and those in the southern portion of the region. Variations in ozone levels are well correlated over distances of several hundred kilometers, suggesting that high values are associated with synoptic scale episodes. An ozone exposure analysis also shows higher ozone exposures (250–300 ppm days) in the northerly sites as compared to the southerly sites (150–170 ppm days).
Biochemical Studies of Zmpste24-deficient Mice

Abstract Genetic studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae identified two genes, STE24 andRCE1, involved in cleaving the three carboxyl-terminal amino acids from isoprenylated proteins that terminate with a CAAX sequence motif. Ste24p cleaves the carboxyl-terminal “-AAX” from the yeast mating pheromone a-factor, whereas Rce1p cleaves the -AAX from both a-factor and Ras2p. Ste24p also cleaves the amino terminus of a-factor. The mouse genome contains orthologues for both yeast RCE1 and STE24. We previously demonstrated, with a gene-knockout experiment, that mouseRce1 is essential for development and that Rce1 is entirely responsible for the carboxyl-terminal proteolytic processing of the mouse Ras proteins. In this study, we cloned mouseZmpste24, the orthologue for yeast STE24 and showed that it could promote a-factor production when expressed in yeast. Then, to assess the importance ofZmpste24 in development, we generatedZmpste24-deficient mice. Unlike the Rce1knockout mice, Zmpste24-deficient mice survived development and were fertile. Since no natural substrates for mammalian Zmpste24 have been identified, yeast a-factor was used as a surrogate substrate to investigate the biochemical activities in membranes from the cells and tissues of Zmpste24-deficient mice. We demonstrate that Zmpste24-deficient mouse membranes, like Ste24p-deficient yeast membranes, have diminished CAAXproteolytic activity and lack the ability to cleave the amino terminus of the a-factor precursor. Thus, both enzymatic activities of yeast Ste24p are conserved in mouse Zmpste24, but these enzymatic activities are not essential for mouse development or for fertility.
A preconstrained tricyclic biimidazoline ligand adaptable to diverse coordination modes

Abstract The tricyclic biimidazoline ligand L possesses a preconstrained synperiplanar bisamidine N=C–C=N and has been shown to have a versatile coordination chemistry. In its manganese(II) tris-chelate complex [MnL3](ClO4)2, a distorted trigonal prismatic coordination geometry is adopted. By contrast, a square–planar copper(II) complex, [CuL3](ClO4)2 features one chelating as well as two monodentate L’s. In a third variation, an exclusively α-diimine-bridged dicopper unit is found in both the copper(I) [Cu2L3](BF4)2 and copper(II) [Cu2L4](ClO4)4 dimeric complexes.
Functional analysis of heme regulatory elements of the transcriptional activator Hap1.

Heme regulation of the activity of diverse proteins was thought to be mediated by heme-responsive motifs (HRMs). The yeast transcriptional activator Hap1 contains seven HRMs: HRM1-7. Three copies of a 17-amino-acid repeat are also located in the region encompassing HRM1 to -6. We examined the effects of these HRMs and repeats on heme regulation of Hap1 activity by deletion analysis and by Ala substitutions of key residues. We found that the effect of mutation or deletion of one HRM or 17-amino-acid repeat on Hap1 heme responsiveness is different from the effect of mutation or deletion of another HRM or repeat. Our data suggest that HRM7 plays a dominant role in mediating heme activation of Hap1 in heme-sufficient cells while HRM1-6 may scavenge heme and cause a low level of Hap1 activation in heme-deficient cells. These results may help in understanding the roles of HRMs in other hemoproteins.
The relationship between gastric motility, muscular twitching during sleep and dreaming.

In 3 persons (out of 25 tested) a group of 20 to 50 foot movements about 1.5 minutes apart ended 3 hours after the onset of sleep when certain foods were eaten one hour before going to bed. The relationship between these groups of movements and varied ingestion times was predictable in all cases. Each foot movement was found to coincide with the sound of the relaxing pyloric sphincter. In the morning the subject remembered dreaming during the night. There is evidence that the dreaming occurred at the end of the series of movements and accompanied the complete evacuation of the stomach.
Expansion of PCR‐based Marker Resources in Oat by Surveying Genome‐Derived SSR Markers from Barley and Wheat

Identifying polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based markers in crop genomes and amplifying them with specific primer pairs has provided convenient molecular markers for mapping projects. Oat (Avena sativa L.) lags behind other crops in the utilization of PCR-based markers due to limited development of genomic and genetic resources in Avena species. We surveyed 356 genome-derived simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), chosen on the basis of even dispersal across different chromosomes, to search for an alternate method of expanding the PCR-based marker pool in oat. Primer pairs for these SSR markers were tested for amplification and polymorphism between parental lines from Ogle1040/TAM-0-301 (OT) and Kanota/Oglel157 (KO) mapping populations. Eighty-nine of 210 wheat primer pairs (42%) and 56 of 146 barley primer pairs (38%) successfully amplified sequences In oat. Forty-five percent of the amplified markers, representing 19% of the total markers, showed polymorphism between parental lines of at least one mapping population. The polymorphism was primarily the presence or absence of a product band. Fifteen PCR products from 10 primer pairs were tested for reproducibility by amplifying each marker in the OT population. When assayed with the same PCB conditions used in the survey, the segregation ratio of 14 markers did not differ from the 1:1 ratio expected for a single locus. This study indicates that genomic SSR primer pairs from wheat and barley may be a good way to efficiently generate PCR-based DNA markers for oat genetics research.
Ethical Perspectives on Evaluating Community College Faculty

Because the process of faculty evaluation in the community college gives rise to ethical concerns about what is evaluated, who is involved in the process, and how data are collected and used, the purpose of this paper is to provide a meaningful ethical perspective for conducting faculty evaluation. The authors discuss ethical issues that arise in faculty evaluation, associated ethical theories, and the necessity of planning for success. They conclude that virtuous leadership in faculty evaluation, which arises from following the Golden Rule, is by definition the ethical leadership required for successful faculty evaluation.
Ab Initio Gas-Phase Acidities of NaH, MgH2, and AlH3

We present ab initio estimates of the gas-phase acidities ΔHacid of the second-row metal hydrides NaH, MgH2, and AlH3. Our estimates are based on frozen-core CCSD(T) calculations using augmented triple- and quadruple-ζ correlation-consistent basis sets that include core polarization functions; these single-point calculations are extrapolated to the complete basis set limit and then adjusted to incorporate core−valence correlation effects, vibrational zero-point energy contributions, and thermal corrections. The final ΔHacid values we obtain at T = 298 K are 345.26 kcal/mol for NaH, 363.83 kcal/mol for MgH2, and 372.93 kcal/mol for AlH3; the estimated uncertainty in these values is ±0.8 kcal/mol. Our results suggest that the current NIST−JANAF recommended bond dissociation energy for NaH is too high by roughly 2 kcal/mol.
MIOS: A Flexible System for PCB Manufacturing

A machine insertion and onsertion system (MIOS) for printed-circuit board (PCB) assembly has been developed. This system features linkage from multiple PCB CAD systems to multiple placement machines. We have found that the MIOS is well suited for flexible manufacturing in a multi-CAD, multi-machine, and multi-site environment. The system maintains manufacturing data independent of its source CAD systems and its destination placement machines. Because of this data independency, the MIOS also enables resource sharing--including equipment and personnel--among all sites. Higher quality comes as a result of automatic program generation. Faster turnaround makes prototyping and production equally efficient. Visualization through the graphical user interface enhances sense of participation. Additionally, the complexity of software development has been reduced significantly.
The interaction of acridine dyes with DNA: An X-ray diffraction and optical investigation

The interaction of DNA with acridine orange and with proflavine has been investigated by X-ray diffraction and optical techniques. Fibers of the complexes containing one dye molecule per three base pairs can be observed under conditions where their diffraction patterns closely resemble the B -form pattern of sodium-DNA. At higher relative humidities these fiber diffraction patterns become more disordered and show an increase in the layer-line spacing of the first three layer lines. It has been demonstrated by the use of optical transforms that these results are qualitatively consistent with the intercalation hypothesis of Lerman (1961), although one other model is considered which can also account for the changes in the diffraction pattern, but not for the results of other investigators (Luzzati, Masson & Lerman, 1961; Cairns, 1962). Measurements of the absorption spectra of solutions and of films of these dye-DNA complexes have been interpreted in conjunction with the X-ray diffraction measurements, and demonstrate that not all of the bound dye is intercalated, an appreciable fraction being bound on the outside. The changes in the absorption spectra and in the layer-line spacings which occur upon wetting the fiber show that the distribution of dye between the external and intercalated site is a function of the hydration of the fiber. A comparative study with the non-planar triphenylmethane dye, p -rosaniline, failed to reveal layer-line changes characteristic of intercalation.
Curvature Squared Terms and String Theories

Abstract The compatibility between the presence of curvature squared terms and the absence of ghost particles in the low energy limits of string theories is established. The lagrangian ʃ√g d D ×(R μνϱσ R μνϱσ −4R μν R μν +R 2 ) leads to ghost-free nontrivial gravitational self-interactions for dimensions higher than four.
Consistent Supergravity with Complex Spin 3/2 Gauge Fields

A new theory of supergravity is constructed which is invariant under complex local supersymmetry transformations. This theory is obtained by coupling the massless spin- (3/2,1) multiplet of ordinary global supersymmetry to the spin- (2,3/2) gauge multiplet of previous supergravity. (AIP)
High-Frequency Vortex Critical Dynamics of Superconducting Amorphous Mo3Si Films

The effects of static disorder on the vortex dynamics of type-II superconductors are investigated by comparing the high-frequency vortex response of superconducting amorphous Mo3Si (a-Mo3Si) films with that of the high-temperature superconductors. We find that for a-Mo3Si films in the three-dimensional limit, the microwave vortex response near the second-order vortex-solid to vortex-liquid glass transitions is consistent with vortex critical relaxation, in contrast to the diffusion vortex dynamics in high-temperature superconductors at the same frequencies. The observation of microwave vortex critical dynamics in a-Mo3Si is attributed to the extremely disordered nature of the amorphous superconductors, which results in a much shorter-range vortex correlation and therefore a faster critical relaxation.
A Neuron-Specific Role for Autophagy in Antiviral Defense against Herpes Simplex Virus

Type I interferons (IFNs) are considered to be the universal mechanism by which viral infections are controlled. However, many IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) rely on antiviral pathways that are toxic to host cells, which may be detrimental in nonrenewable cell types, such as neurons. We show that dorsal root ganglionic (DRG) neurons produced little type I IFNs in response to infection with a neurotropic virus, herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1). Further, type I IFN treatment failed to completely block HSV-1 replication or to induce IFN-primed cell death in neurons. We found that DRG neurons required autophagy to limit HSV-1 replication both in vivo and in vitro. In contrast, mucosal epithelial cells and other mitotic cells responded robustly to type I IFNs and did not require autophagy to control viral replication. These findings reveal a fundamental difference in the innate antiviral strategies employed by neurons and mitotic cells to control HSV-1 infection.
Identification and Characterization of a Novel Protein from Sertoli Cells, PASS1, That Associates with Mammalian Small Stress Protein hsp27

Abstract hsp27 is involved in development of tolerance to stress, possibly by its involvement in molecular chaperoning, maintenance of glutathione status, and/or modulation of microfilament structure and function. We hypothesize that hsp27 function depends on specific association with other proteins. To discover proteins that associate with hsp27, we made a differentiated rat Sertoli cell cDNA expression library and screened it using the yeast two-hybrid system. We obtained a cDNA coding for a novel protein of 428 amino acids that we have named PASS1 (proteinassociated with small stress proteins 1). BLAST searches did not reveal major similarity of PASS1 to any known protein, but the cDNA sequence matched several mouse EST clones and shares 34% homology with aCaenorhabditis elegans genomic sequence. In vitro, bacterially expressed glutathioneS-transferase-PASS1 fusion protein bound to hsp27, and hsp27 was co-immunoprecipitated with c-Myc-tagged PASS1 overexpressed in several cell lines. The region of PASS1 responsible for association with hsp27 was identified as existing predominantly between amino acids 108 and 208 of PASS1. Northern hybridization and Western blot analysis demonstrated that PASS1 is expressed in several tissues, with the highest expression occurring in testis, primarily in Sertoli cells. The presence of a 1.4-kilobase PASS1 mRNA in kidney as well as the 1.8-kilobase mRNA seen in other tissues suggests that alternate splicing may occur in this organ. Ectopic expression of PASS1 in two cultured cell lines was observed to inhibit the ability of hsp27 to protect cells against heat shock, indicating that PASS1 does interact with hsp27 in the live cell.
Clinical challenge of hyponatremia in heart failure.

Hyponatremia is a significant and independent predictor of outcomes including rehospitalization and mortality in patients with both acute decompensated heart failure (HF) and chronic HF. Even modest degrees of hyponatremia are associated with a poorer prognosis. Treatment options include fluid restriction and the vaptan class (“aquaretics”) in select patients. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012; 7:S6–S10. © 2012 Society of Hospital Medicine
Anesthesia for patients undergoing transsternal thymectomy for juvenile myasthenia gravis

Background: Juvenile myasthenia gravis (JMG) is the rare form of myasthenia gravis presenting in childhood and adolescence. When medical management fails, thymectomy is offered for these patients. Complete resection of the thymus is best achieved through transsternal thymectomy. Anesthetic management of patients with JMG is challenging, particularly in regards to the goals of postoperative pain control, respiratory function, and extubation. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 13 patients, ranging in age from 6 to 22 years, who underwent transsternal thymectomy for JMG. Information on patient demographics, characteristics of their disease and treatment, anesthetic management, and postoperative course were collected. Results: All patients had undergone multiple treatment modalities and presented for surgery because of inadequate symptom control with medical management. As expected for a pediatric population, anesthesia induction was age dependent. 40% of the patients underwent an inhalation induction and 60% underwent an intravenous induction. Anesthesia was maintained with a low-dose inhalation agent in all patients, supplemented in 84% of patients with a remifentanil infusion, and in 69% of patients with an epidural infusion. Muscle relaxants were avoided in all patients. With this regimen, 92% of patients could be extubated successfully in the operating room. Conclusion: We found that avoidance of muscle relaxants and use of remifentanil with a low-dose hypnotic agent provided a stable intraoperative course, facilitated rapid emergence, and allowed early extubation in patients with JMG undergoing transsternal thymectomy. Epidural analgesia reduced the need for intra- and postoperative intravenous opioids and did not have an adverse effect on respiratory strength.
Intensity-modulated radiation therapy for the treatment of anal cancer.

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to assess whether intensity-modulated radiation therapy (RT; IMRT) can reduce dose to normal tissues (organs at risk) while maintaining equivalent target coverage. Patients and Methods A 9-field, non-coplanar, 1-cm beamlet IMRT plan was designed for 9 patients who were previously treated for anal cancer with conventional field arrangements. Clinical target volumes and organs at risk (OARs) were defined. Target coverage was assigned highest priority for optimization, followed sequentially by organ at risk. The genitalia and perineal skin were the highest priority OARs. Lexicographic ordering–based IMRT optimization was used to generate a conformal plan, which was compared with the conventional, previously delivered RT plan. Results The IMRT and conventional RT plan achieved homogeneous dose coverage of all target volumes. Intensity-modulated RT produced highly conformal dose distributions compared with conventional techniques, with avoidance of critical normal structures. Statistically significant reductions in mean doses to the perineal skin and to the genitalia were seen with IMRT, with only a modest increase in mean dose to the bony pelvis. Conclusion Intensity-modulated RT, with lexicographic ordering, allows for substantial reduction of dose to OARs while maintaining adequate target coverage. These encouraging findings might translate into reductions of treatment-related toxicity, gains in local control, or improvements in quality of life.
A generalized design and performance analysis model for end-of-aisle order-picking systems

In this paper we present an analytical design algorithm to determine the near-minimum number of pickers required in an end-of-aisle order-picking operation based on a miniload automated storage/retrieval system. The algorithm is based on an approximate analytical model we developed to estimate the expected picker utilization (and the storage/retrieval machine utilization) for general system configurations with two or more pick positions per aisle and/or two or more aisles per picker. For systems with two pick positions, we also investigate the possibility of improving the picker utilization by sequencing container retrievals within each order.
Functional properties of adhesion molecules in myelin formation.

Abstract Several adhesion/recognition molecules appear to play distinct roles in the inductive events leading to the initial ensheathment of axons by myelinating cells, and in the subsequent formation of compact myelin.
Ftsz Ring Formation at the Chloroplast Division Site in Plants

Among the events that accompanied the evolution of chloroplasts from their endosymbiotic ancestors was the host cell recruitment of the prokaryotic cell division protein FtsZ to function in chloroplast division. FtsZ, a structural homologue of tubulin, mediates cell division in bacteria by assembling into a ring at the midcell division site. In higher plants, two nuclear-encoded forms of FtsZ, FtsZ1 and FtsZ2, play essential and functionally distinct roles in chloroplast division, but whether this involves ring formation at the division site has not been determined previously. Using immunofluorescence microscopy and expression of green fluorescent protein fusion proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana, we demonstrate here that FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 localize to coaligned rings at the chloroplast midpoint. Antibodies specific for recognition of FtsZ1 or FtsZ2 proteins in Arabidopsis also recognize related polypeptides and detect midplastid rings in pea and tobacco, suggesting that midplastid ring formation by FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 is universal among flowering plants. Perturbation in the level of either protein in transgenic plants is accompanied by plastid division defects and assembly of FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 into filaments and filament networks not observed in wild-type, suggesting that previously described FtsZ-containing cytoskeletal-like networks in chloroplasts may be artifacts of FtsZ overexpression.