cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design and Evaluation of the Performance of an Integrated Flux-Switching Motor–Compressor With Airfoil-Shaped Rotor

The objective of this article is to propose the concept of and evaluate the potential performance of an integrated flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) motor–compressor that has rotor poles designed as airfoils to perform compression functions. The airfoil-shaped rotor functions as the rotor of both an electric motor and an axial-flow compressor. As a result, the integrated motor–compressor increases the compressor system compactness by eliminating the separation between the motor and compressor. In this article, the electromagnetic and thermodynamic designs are developed using sizing equations and mean line analysis. Four design configurations of the integrated motor–compressor are carried out and evaluated, including the continuous-skewed versus step-skewed structure and laminated steels versus soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials. The thermodynamic performance is calculated by mean line analysis and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The electromagnetic performance and structural analysis are evaluated by finite element analysis (FEA). The comparisons of the integrated motor–compressor with conventional motor-driven compressors are conducted. Results from FEA and CFD verify the integrated motor–compressor.
The asymptotic cone of Teichmüller space and thickness

We study the asymptotic geometry of Teichmuller space equipped with the Weil‐ Petersson metric. In particular, we provide a characterization of the canonical finest pieces in the tree-graded structure of the asymptotic cone of Teichmuller space along the same lines as a similar characterization for right angled Artin groups and for mapping class groups. As a corollary of the characterization, we complete the thickness classification of Teichmuller spaces for all surfaces of finite type, thereby answering questions of Behrstock, Drut,u and Mosher, and Brock and Masur. In particular, we prove that Teichmuller space of the genus-two surface with one boundary component (or puncture) is the only Teichmuller space which is thick of order two. 30F60, 20F69; 20F65, 20F67 In the setting of spaces of non-positive curvature, Euclidean and hyperbolic space represent the two extremes. In this paper we will see that the geometries of Teichmuller spaces for various surfaces provide natural examples of non-positively curved spaces that non-trivially interpolate between these two ends of the spectrum of non-positively curved spaces. In particular, the geometry of Teichmuller spaces includes on the one hand examples of hyperbolic and strongly relatively hyperbolic metric spaces, and on the other hand thick of order one and thick of order two metric spaces. The example of a Teichmuller space which is thick of order two is a novelty of this paper. Moreover, the tools developed in this paper for proving the aforementioned results are based on novel techniques used to study the asymptotic cones of spaces, and may have more general applications. For S a surface of finite type, the Teichmuller space T.S/ is a classical space which parameterizes isotopy classes of hyperbolic structures on S . In the literature there are various natural metrics with which Teichmuller space can be equipped. Hereinafter, we always consider T.S/ with the Weil‐Petersson metric. The Weil‐Petersson metric on T.S/ is a complex-analytically defined Riemannian metric of variable non-positive
See Me as an Engineer: Understanding the Role of Language and Multiple Role Identities on Engineering Students’ Identity Trajectory

This full research paper examines how first-year engineering students’ recognition beliefs differ by household language (English versus non-English). An Exploratory Factor Analysis of 18 survey items identified two factors grouping students’ recognition experiences into leadership-based and knowledge-based categories. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the First Language Not English (FLNE) students generally felt less recognized as an engineer than their peers. We present multiple excerpts from four "restoryed" case summaries of one student to provide insight into why differences in recognition may occur for FLNE students and how these students describe their identity development. The results of this study may indicate important ways to recognize students in the classroom and promote identity development and persistence.
Book Review: Global Energy Justice

Global Energy Justice: Law and Policy, is a comprehensive yet succinct introduction to the ways that law and policy can address the interlocking problems of energy access and poverty. Written by Lakshman Guruswamy, the book examines the plight of the nearly 3 billion people who lack access to modern energy for cooking, heating, lighting, sanitation, transportation and basic mechanical power. The book’s greatest strength is its model laws for decentralized renewable energy that can supply affordable energy to the energy poor without tying them to existing fossil fuel-based energy grids. The book’s greatest weakness is its failure to address human rights-based approaches to global energy justice in order to create legal rather than simply moral obligations to address energy poverty. The volume will be of interest to scholars, teachers, students, and policy-makers who want to understand the roots of energy poverty, the jurisprudential frameworks applicable to this challenge, and the practical legal tools that might be adopted to promote a more just and sustainable approach to energy production and consumption.
As we age: listening to the voice of LGBTQ older adults.

The LGBT+ community is gaining long-overdue public health attention within the rapidly expanding demographic of older adults. As a group, LGBT+ older adults represent a range of diverse biopsychoso...
The interior of a network

In his study of social network systems, Granovetter [9], made the distinction between strong and weak ties between individuals. We show that these weak ties constitute a well-defined “interior”, $\mathcal{I}$ ) that is part of every network, $\mathcal{N}$ . From $\mathcal{I}$ , which is an algebraic matroid, one can rigorously define network properties such as “similarity” or “betweenness” whose implementation is scalable.
Flooded Pavement: Numerical Investigation of Saturation Effects on Asphalt Pavement Structures

AbstractExcess moisture and pore pressure in pavements are significant causes of road deterioration. The evaluation of pavement degradation in flood events and water table rises is critical to prop...
Organization and Administration in Higher Education

Part 1: Structure of Institutions * Understanding the Range of Postsecondary Institutions and Programs Kristina M. Cragg and Angela E. Henderson * Key Leadership Positions and Performance Expectations Julie Carpenter-Hubin and Lydia Snover * The Role of Internal Governance, Committees, and Advisory Groups Kerry Brian Melear * Student Governance and Involvement in Institutional Leadership Shouping Hu, Carrie E. Henderson, and Jennifer Iacino * Administrative Aspects of Accreditation and Assessment Kristina M. Cragg, Angela E. Henderson, Barrie D. Fitzgerald, and Ross A. Griffith * The Nature and Role of Budget Processes Patrick J. Schloss and Kristina M. Cragg Part 2: Functional Activities of Institutions * A Guide to the Development of an Institutional Strategic Plan John L. Yeager, Hana Addam El-Ghali, and Shruti Kumar * Strategic Planning When Aligning Curriculum and Resources Steven T. Breslawski * Economic and Tactical Considerations for Aligning Curriculum and Resources Steven T. Breslawski * Effectively Managing Human Resources in 21st-Century Colleges and Universities Valerie Martin Conley and Kent J. Smith, Jr. * Shaping Philanthropic Efforts that Support Institutional Priorities John D. Crawford Part 3: Contingency Planning for Institutions * Developing Crisis Management and Emergency Plans Cyndy Caravelis Hughes and Thomas C. Johnson * Key Legal Aspects for Higher Education Administrators Janet Balanoff and Monoka Venters
Hepatic Organelle Interaction III. MITOCHONDRIAL MODIFICATION OF MICROSOMAL DRUG METABOLISM

Abstract The metabolism of lipid-soluble drugs and chemicals by the endoplasmic reticulum mixed function oxidase in liver slices or hepatic microsomes, the latter in the presence of mitochondria, was stimulated up to 80% by succinate and was inhibited up to 30% by oxalacetate. When the combined organelles were used, maximal effects were obtained at 4 to 5 times more mitochondrial protein than microsomal protein. Combination of mitochondria with microsomes also caused a supra-additive effect on respiration in the presence of succinate, and an enhanced inhibition of respiration when oxalacetate was present. Respiration by the combined organelles, in the presence of levels of cyanide which inhibit mitochondrial respiration 90%, left respiration 5 times higher than mitochondrial and 8 times higher than microsomal respiration in the presence of succinate. The stimulatory effect of succinate occurred even with a large excess of NADPH, and succinate could not support drug metabolism when NADP was used instead of NADPH, indicating that stimulation is not the result of regeneration of NADPH. Stimulation required direct organelle contact; dilution of liver homogenate or containment of the mitochondria in a dialysis sac prevented the succinate effect. Both succinate and oxalacetate were without effect on NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase in media containing mitochondria plus microsomes, indicating that the control is probably after this step. Both effects were observed, even on addition of NADH to the NADPH-supported reaction, suggesting that the regulation is due to either an alteration of the effectiveness of the input of a second electron or an effect other than provision of reducing equivalents. Electron microscopic examination of liver slices indicated that the mitochondrial control may be due to structural stabilization of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane; during drug metabolism by liver slices, the rough endoplasmic reticulum lost its parallel tubular arrangement and appeared as large, ribosome-studded vesicles. The presence of succinate in the medium caused retention of the tubular shape, and the rough endoplasmic reticulum was oriented around the mitochondria. Oxalacetate, on the other hand, facilitated loss of the tubular shape of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Hard-pion current-algebra predictions of A1-meson decays

Standard hard-pion current-algebra techniques are extended to obtain predictions of decay widths for various decays of the A1-meson. We discuss first the decay A1→ρ+π in which the ρ-meson is treated as a stable particle, and the decay mode π+γ. Then we discuss the chain A1→ρ+π→3π. Interference effects which appear in the decay A1→ρ+π→3π are carefully analysed and computed numerically. Comparison of numerical results for the decay widths of A1→ρ+π, A1→π+γ and A1→ρ+π→3π (including interference effects) is made between the standard hard-pion current-algebra models and the current smoothness model of Vaughn. The procedure followed here differs from the standard current-algebra approaches in that pole dominance on the vector-current propagator is not assumed but some of the continuum contributions to the vector-current propagator are included.
Strategic Order Flow in the On-The-Run and Off-The-Run Bond Markets

We study the determinants of liquidity and price differentials between on-the-run and off-the-run U.S. Treasury bond markets. To guide our analysis, we develop a parsimonious model of multi-asset speculative trading in which endowment shocks separate the on-the-run security from an otherwise identical off-the-run security. We then explore the equilibrium implications of these shocks on both off/on-the-run price and liquidity differentials in the presence of two realistic market frictions - information heterogeneity and imperfect competition among informed traders - and a public signal. We test these implications by analyzing daily differences in market liquidity and yields for on-the-run and off-the-run three-month, six-month, and one-year U.S. Treasury bills and two-year, five-year, and ten-year U.S. Treasury notes. Our evidence suggests that i) off/on-the-run bid-ask spread differentials are economically and statistically significant, even after controlling for differences in several of the bonds' intrinsic characteristics (such as duration, convexity, or repo rates); ii) their corresponding yield differentials are neither, inconsistent with the illiquidity premium hypothesis; and iii) off/on-the-run liquidity differentials are larger for bonds of shorter maturity, immediately following bond auction dates, when the uncertainty surrounding the ensuing auction allocations is high, when the dispersion of beliefs across informed traders is high, and when macroeconomic announcements are noisy, consistent with our stylized model.
Is the Chinese Investment- and Export-Led Growth Model Sustainable? Some Rising Concerns

China’s rapid growth and success in poverty reduction over the last three decades has inspired world-wide admiration. This paper uses a simple framework with a Kaleckian flavor to analyze structural developments in the Chinese economy, and to understand some of the distributional consequences. Some of the possible sources of these distributional developments are then further analyzed using a trade-theoretic approach. Other aspects of China’s investment- and export-led growth strategy are discussed along with the problems that the focused pursuit of such a strategy has raised. We conclude that China’s growth model may now have outlived its utility, both on economic and socio-political grounds. JEL Categories:
Consumption-Based Asset Pricing: Durable Goods, Adjustment Costs, and Aggregation

In this paper, we investigate the implications of non-separable preferences over durable and nondurable consumption for asset pricing tests when adjusting durable consumption is costly. In an economy without adjustment costs, in which a frictionless rental market exists for the durable good, the standard Euler equation with respect to nondurable consumption will hold for each individual agent as well as for aggregate data. If the adjustment of the durable good is costly, however, aggregation generally fails. We use aggregate data to flnd substantial deviations from the frictionless model, consistent with the presence of non-convex adjustment costs for the durable good. We also show how empirical asset pricing tests that use aggregate data can be afiected by these deviations. We then propose and implement asset pricing tests that are robust to the presence of adjustment costs by relying on microeconomic data. Using householdlevel observations of nondurable food and durable housing consumption, our estimation results suggest that preferences are indeed non-separable in the two consumption goods and that reasonable structural parameters characterize agents’ intertemporal utility optimizations.
A glossary for environmental studies

One barrier to more effective international communication, interaction and problem solving by all concerned with environmental studies is the lack of a basic glossary of terms. The relationship between survival, science and semantics is explored as a way to expedite the exchange of technical knowledge between industrial nations and transfer this knowledge to developing countries. A global perspective of semantic problems and potentials, justification and relevance for this effort, suggested means for periodic review or revision and illustrative list of terms are described as the beginning of a needed and possible international glossary for environmental studies.
Energy spectrum of corona impulses generated from insulated wires under high a.c. voltages

This paper suggests methods for calculating spectral energy densities of corona impulses generated from insulated conductors. The calculation is based on the data obtained from the measurement of corona pulse waveforms, repetition rates and relevant statistical properties of corona impulses.
Role of Cholinergic Mechanisms in States of Wakefulness and Sleep

Publisher Summary Pharmacological data on the importance of cholinergic mechanisms in electroencephalogram (EEG) activation and behavioral arousal as well as sleep are impressive. The gross behavioral consequence of the initial EEG activation is clearly a wake-up or arousal state. This chapter summarizes some research on the hypothesis that cholinergic mechanisms are involved in states of wakefulness and sleep. It has previously been reported by Wikler, Bradley and Elkes, Bradley and Nicholson, and others, that cholinergic agonists and antagonists produce EEG dissociation from gross behavior. Similar findings have been made by us using large doses of atropine and physostigmine. However, it should be pointed out that effective doses of physostigmine and other cholinergic agonists produce initial behavioral arousal that is associated with neocortical and limbic activation. The emphasis in the literature on EEG dissociation from gross behavior may have been overstated, particularly in relationship to the awake–sleep cycle of the chronic cat. The findings of Bradley and Elkes and others with cholinergic agonists were made at a time when the stage of fast wave sleep as described by Dement and Jouvet was not generally known. It would appear that in some instances investigators may have been observing fast wave sleep and did not recognize it as such.
Video‐Assisted Thoracoscopic Extirpation of the Tracheobronchial Lymph Nodes in Dogs

Objective To describe a technique for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) extirpation of the tracheobronchial lymph nodes (TBLN), and to describe the quality of biopsy specimens obtained. Design Experimental study. Animals Purpose-bred male hound-mix research dogs (n = 8). Methods Dogs were randomized to groups of left-sided or right-sided VATS approaches. One lung ventilation was used and TBLN dissection was achieved using a vessel-sealing device. Results TBLNs ipsilateral to the approach were successfully identified and removed thoracoscopically in 7 dogs. A 3-port technique was used in 6 dogs and 4 ports were used in 2 dogs. Observed complications included mild-moderate hemorrhage from the perinodal tissue controlled thoracoscopically (n = 2), inability to locate any TBLN (1), and difficulty achieving or maintaining one-lung ventilation (4). No other major complications occurred and all dogs recovered uneventfully. Median percentage surface area of the bisected lymph nodes affected by crush artifact was 20% (range, 0–40%). Areas of crush artifact were present in central (7/11) and peripheral (9/11) locations. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance Thoracoscopic TBLN extirpation is a feasible technique in dogs with normal TBLN and may be useful for obtaining more detailed staging on microscopic disease status in oncologic patients with normal-sized TBLNs. Further study is warranted to determine the feasibility and limitations of this technique in clinical patients with overt lymphadenopathy.
THE LARGE SUBUNIT OF HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 2 RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTASE (ICP10) IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE VIRION TEGUMENT AND HAS PK ACTIVITY

Abstract The large subunit of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) ribonucleotide reductase (ICP10) was identified in sucrose gradient-purified HSV-2 virions by immunoprecipitation/immunoblotting with antibody specific for the protein kinase (PK) domain. Immunoblotting of individual gradient fractions indicated that ICP10 cosediments with the major capsid protein and the highest virus titers. ICP10 was not labeled by iodination of purified virions, indicating that it is not located on the virion surface. After envelope glycoproteins were removed by detergent treatment, ICP10 was associated with capsid-tegument particles and became sensitive to trypsin digestion. The capsid-tegument-associated ICP10 was phosphorylated and had PK activity in vitro and on Immobilon membranes. A mutant ICP10 protein deleted in the PK domain (p95) was also associated with purified virions (ICP10ΔPK virus) but it lacked PK activity. The data indicate that ICP10 is contained within the tegument component where it retains intrinsic PK activity.
Substrate Specificity of the Aminophospholipid Flippase and Other Phosphatidylserine Binding Proteins

The generation and maintenance of the asymmetric distribution of phosphatidylserine across the cell plasma membrane is regulated by an ATP-dependent, substrate specific lipid flippase. Transport activity is strongly dependent on the structure of its preferred substrate, 1,2-sn-glycerophospho-L-serine. With the exception of methylation of the primary amine group, any modification to the structural elements comprising the polar portion of the molecule results in significantly reduced rates of substrate transport. Substrate lipids are stereospecifically recognized by the flippase. The 1,2-sn-glycerol isomer, but not the 2,3-sn-glycerol isomer of PS is transport competent, but the enzyme does not distinguish between the L- and D-serine isomers of PS. This substrate specificity defines the characteristics of the lipid binding site and also provides biochemical criteria for the identification of putative flippases. By searching for ATPases that are stereoselectively activated by PS, a candidate flippase has been purified from human erythrocytes. This enzyme is uniquely activated by PS in both detergent micelles and in phospholipid bilayers, and demonstrates a stereochemical specificity identical to that expressed by the flippase. A member of a new class of P-type ATPases, which have been associated with PS flippase activity, has been expressed in insect cells and purified. This enzyme (ATP8A1) is also activated exclusively by the 1,2-sn-glycerol isomer of PS, regardless of the stereochemistry of the serine headgroup. The substrate specificity expressed by the flippase and these two ATPases is unique among PS-binding proteins, including blood clotting factors, protein kinase C or the macrophage PS receptor, each of which interact only with the L-serine, and not the D-serine isomer of PS. These studies indicate that at least two distinct PS binding motifs have evolved to enable proteins to selectively interact with PS.
Synthesis and structural characterization of porphyrinic enediynes: geometric and electronic effects on thermal and photochemical reactivity.

We report the preparation of [5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octakis(phenylethynyl)porphinato] complexes of Ni(II), H2, Zn(II), Mg(II), and Cu(II), as well as select trimethylsilanylethynyl derivatives. The X-ray structures of the octakis(phenylethynyl) compounds show systematic deviations from planarity (Ni(II), 0.2851 A; Zn(II), 0.0304 A) as a function of the central cation. These geometric distortions are reflected in bathochromic shifts of the Soret and Q bands (Ni(II), 497, 604, and 650 nm; Mg(II), 515, 595, 642, and 705 nm) which loosely correlate with increasing planarity of the structure. Similarly, vibrational modes involving the octasubstituted porphyrin core exhibit shifts to lower frequency as a function of increasing planarity in the solution-state resonance Raman spectra (λexc = 501.7 nm) of these compounds. Analogous trends are also observed in their solid-state electronic and resonance Raman spectra, indicating that the structural distortions within the octakis(phenylethynyl) s...
Characteristics of thin-film ZnSe/(Zn,Cd)Se/ZnSe heterostructure waveguides in the visible and near infrared

Waveguide characteristics of molecular-beam epitaxially grown ZnSe/(ZnCd)Se/ZnSe heterostructures have been investigated at selected wavelengths from 0.532 to 1.06 μm. The planar guides have been operated both in confined-mode and leaky-mode regimes. Measurements of the propagation constant also yield values for the refractive index of the mixed crystal Zn1−xCdxSe for a representative composition.
Mechanism for transition to turbulence in buoyant plume flow

Abstract This paper reports a theoretical and experimental study of the fundamental mechanism responsible for transition in natural convection plume flow. Theoretically, it is argued that the transition occurs when the time of viscous penetration normal to the plume becomes comparable with the minimum time period with which the plume can fluctuate as an unstable inviscid stream. It is also argued that at transition the plume wavelength must always scale with the local plume diameter. The experimental part of the study focused on transition in the axisymmetric air plume above a point heat source. Smoke visualization of the plume shape at transition led to extensive observations that support strongly the transition mechanism proposed theoretically. The transitional plume is seen to meander in a plane (two-dimensionally) and with a wavelength which scales with the plume diameter. If excited externally by many such wavelengths, the plume has the property to select the natural wavelength proposed theoretically. The equivalence between the present transition mechanism and the transition predicted by the buckling theory is discussed.
Phagocytosis and nodule formation by hemocytes of Manduca sexta larvae following injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Abstract The time course of clearance of an injected dose of 106 CFU ml−1 hemolymph of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 in larvae of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, has been examined in detail. The clearance process has been subdivided into three stages during which the rates of reduction in concentration of circulating viable bacteria were clearly different. Contributions of hemocyte reactions to bacterial clearance were examined during stages I and II. During stage I (0–2 hr postinoculation (PI), nodule formation produced a dramatic reduction in circulating bacteria by entrapping over 90% of the injected dose in the first 30 min. Phagocytosis of bacteria by circulating hemocytes and subsequent intracellular digestion contributed significantly to reductions in circulating bacteria during stage II (2–8 hr PI). Viable cells of the virulent P. aeruginosa P11-1 were trapped in nodules as efficiently as the less virulent 9027 during the first 30 min after injection into M. sexta. Bacteria of strain P11-1 were also phagocytosed by hemocytes during stage II, however, phagocytosed bacteria were observed less frequently in P11-1-treated insects and intracellular digestion of these bacteria was only rarely observed. The increased virulence of P11-1 in larvae of M. sexta may be due to less efficient phagocytosis by circulating hemocytes and to insensitivity of this strain to killing reactions in nodules and following phagocytosis.
The Band Spectrum of HS

The absorption spectrum of HS is obtained by passing repeated flashes from a source of continuous background through a discharge tube in which HS radicals are formed from ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$S by pulses of radiofrequency current synchronized to precede immediately the flashes. The spectrograms obtained show only one band at 3237A. The rotational structure indicates that the ground state is an inverted $^{2}\ensuremath{\Pi}$, and the excited state a $^{2}\ensuremath{\Sigma}$. Because of the strong $\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremath{\Sigma}$ coupling in the $^{2}\ensuremath{\Pi}$ state the doublet is wide, and since the Boltzmann factor greatly favors $^{2}\ensuremath{\Pi}_{\frac{3}{2}}$, only the strongest branch, ${Q}_{2}$, from the $^{2}\ensuremath{\Pi}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ state is found. From $^{2}\ensuremath{\Pi}_{\frac{3}{2}}$ the $^{Q}P_{21}$ and $^{R}Q_{21}$ satellite branches as well as ${P}_{1}$, ${Q}_{1}$ and ${R}_{1}$ are found. For the $^{2}\ensuremath{\Pi}$ ground state the best values of the constants obtained are $B_{0}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}=9.47$; $D_{0}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}=\ensuremath{-}0.001$ and $A=\ensuremath{-}378.6$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The constants for the excited $^{2}\ensuremath{\Sigma}$ state are $B_{0}^{\ensuremath{'}}=8.30$; $D_{0}^{\ensuremath{'}}=\ensuremath{-}0.00078$, and $\ensuremath{\gamma}=0.32$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The origin of the 0,0 band is at 30,659.1 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$.
Associations between selected demographic parameters and dental status: potential implications for orodental rehabilitation.

Abstract Purpose. This pilot study evaluated potential relationships between dental status and various sociodemographic variables in the age group segment of the United States population at greatest risk for the disruption of dental function due to treatment of an oral cavity cancer. Methods. The Dental Health Supplement of the 1989 National Health Interview Survey was used to evaluate the self-reported status of natural dentition and prior dental rehabilitation among the population of persons 45 years or older. Results. Sociodemographic variables, which showed a significant association with status of natural dentition, were level of income and occupation at lower income levels ( p p p Conclusions. Overall dental status after treatment of oral cancer may be related to the occupational status of many persons. Sociodemographic factors that influence the dental rehabilitation needs of individual patients after treatment of an oral cancer should be considered in policy decisions affecting accessibility of dental rehabilitative care. A follow-up, survey study that would further define the identified relationships between a person's demographic status and dental rehabilitation needs is recommended. (J Prosthet Dent 1998;79:526-31.)
Values as Heuristics: Core Beliefs and Voter Sophistication in the 2000 Republican Nomination Contest

Abstract One of the central questions of political psychology is how relatively uninformed citizens can make electoral decisions in a way that allows them to be meaningfully represented. We examine this question in the context of a presidential nominating election, a decision‐making environment complicated by the lack of powerful partisan or ideological cues. We suggest that in such contexts, voters use abstract value priorities as heuristics, without considerable reference to particular issue postures or even general ideological orientations. We further hypothesize that, in contrast to issue‐based or ideological voting, the accurate use of value heuristics is often little affected by voter sophistication, enabling even unsophisticated citizens to cast meaningfully representative votes. A study of vote intention during the 2000 Republican nomination contest provides empirical support for our hypotheses.
A Cognitive-Behavioral Approach for Anxiety in a Preschool-Aged Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder:

Empirical support exists for behaviorally oriented psychosocial interventions to reduce functional impairment related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms in young children, but little research exists examining the effectiveness of such treatments when applied to preschool-aged children with comorbid anxiety symptoms. With this in mind, the authors report on the case of “Marcus,” a 4-year-old boy with autistic disorder and impairing comorbid anxiety. Marcus participated in 8 weekly sessions of family-based cognitive-behavioral therapy, addressing his fear-based avoidance of social interactions and sensory stimuli, using an anxiety treatment protocol for youth with ASD modified to account for his young age. This protocol consisted of modular components addressing affective education, exposure, cognitive restructuring, and social coaching. At post-treatment assessment, Marcus exhibited markedly decreased impairment, as evidenced by parent responses to clinical interview and rating scales. In addition,...
Poultry Litter Enhances Soybean Productivity in Field Infested with Soybean Cyst Nematode

ABSTRACT Soil infested with the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, was amended with poultry litter in a three-year study designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the organic amendment for improving soybean productivity and reducing damage by the nematode. Poultry litter was split-applied at V2 and V5 stages of soybean development, at rates of 0, 5 or 10 t ha−1. The experimental plots were in Wicomico County, MD, and planted to Manokin (resistant) and Essex (susceptible) soybean cultivars. Cyst index was inversely correlated with poultry litter, although the difference between the 5 t ha−1 and 10 t ha−1 treatment was not significant. Poultry litter had a greater impact on reducing cyst infestation in Essex. Over the three-year period, cyst index increased incrementally on Manokin but this was significantly lower than on Essex. Nodule number and foliar N content were depressed by application of poultry litter. Shoot and root dry weight were improved by amending soil with 5 t ha−1 poultry lit...
ptchg : a FORTRAN program for point-charge calculations of electric field gradients (EFGs)

Abstract ptchg , a FORTRAN program, has been developed to calculate electric field gradients (EFG) around an atomic site in crystalline solids using the point-charge direct-lattice summation method. It uses output from the crystal structure generation program Atoms as its input. As an application of ptchg , a point-charge calculation of the EFG quadrupolar parameters around the oxygen site in SiO 2 cristobalite is demonstrated. Although point-charge calculations of electric field gradients generally are limited to ionic compounds, the computed quadrupolar parameters around the oxygen site in SiO 2 cristobalite, a highly covalent material, are in good agreement with the experimentally determined values from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
Effects of changes in serum osmolarity on bulk flow of fluid into cerebral ventricles and on brain water content.

The effects of changes in serum osmolarity on the rate and osmolarity of bulk flow of fluid into the cerebral ventricles and on cortical white and grey matter water content were studied in cats. Bulk flow rates and osmolarities were measured during ventriculocisternal perfusion both before and after intravenous infusion of glucose solutions. Infusions of glucose in concentrations greater than 6% decreased fluid bulk flow rate and its osmolarity. Glucose in concentrations less than 6% increased fluid bulk flow rate and decreased its osmolarity. Bulk flow rate and serum osmolarity were found to be linearly related with a coefficient of osmotic flow of −0.835 μl/min per mOsm/l. At the extremes of induced serum osmolarities, (290 and 360 mOsm/l) bulk flow rate was either increased by 120% or completely inhibited. Effluent osmolarity also increased proportionately to serum osmolarity (0.338 mOsm/l per mOsm/l). When compared to controls, cortical grey and white matter water content increased by 1.9% and 2.9%, respectively, when the infused glucose concentration was 2.5% or less, and decreased by 1.8% and 2.9% when the concentration was 10% or more. The results of these experiments suggest that the increased bulk flow comes from the brain, rather then directly from the blood.
Turbulent Entrainment and Mixing in Clouds: A New Observational Approach

Abstract A statistical analysis of cloud droplet interarrival times, measured using an aircraft-mounted forward-scattering spectrometer probe, is used to deduce spatial scales of inhomogeneity of droplet concentration in cumulus clouds. The analysis often indicates inhomogeneity of the droplet concentration at small scales (about 1 cm) within regions that appear homogeneous when viewed at larger scales. An explanation of the small-scale inhomogeneity is offered, and the larger-scale homogeneity of the droplet concentration is interpreted in terms of the processes of entrainment and mixing.
Analysis of latch-up holding voltage for shallow trench CMOS

We present an analysis of the latch-up holding voltage of CMOS devices using a lightly doped epitaxially grown layer over a heavily doped substrate, and a well isolation trench of varying depth. Using a simplified simulation scheme it is shown that there exists an optimum epilayer thickness which is somewhat greater than the well depth and leads to maximum holding voltage. Using a relatively shallow trench and with a proper choice of epitaxial layer thickness, the holding voltage can easily be raised above the power supply voltage, thus ensuring freedom from latch-up.
Secondary Wind Maxima in Hurricanes: Airflow and Relationship to Rainbands

Abstract Aircraft flight-level data from 787 radial legs in 20 hurricanes are analyzed to identify the composite kinematic structure in the hurricane eyewall, and especially with secondary horizontal wind maxima (SHWM) that occur outside the eyewall. Similar to previous studies, analysis of the flight-level wind data in the eyewall reveals radial convergence near the radius of maximum wind (RMW), and the highest frequency of updraft and the largest upward mass transport radially inward of the RMW. More than 20% of the flight legs contain substantial secondary horizontal wind maxima of specified strength and length. The kinematic structure associated with SHWM is similar to that of the hurricane eyewall with radial convergence near the radius of maximum wind and a preferred location for maximum upward motions and upward mass transport just inside the RMW. Statistical analysis confirms the similarity in characteristics between radial and vertical velocities of the eyewall and near the SHWM. In addition, for...
Overlap of autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis: long-term outcomes.

BACKGROUND: The coexistence of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) has been called "overlap syndrome," but diagnosis is challenging and the natural history of this syndrome has not been demonstrated. The importance of the diagnosis of PBC-AIH overlap is due to potential therapeutic options. Patients with PBC should receive ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA); the role of and response to additional immunosuppressive therapy are unknown when AIH overlaps PBC. METHODS We reviewed 135 patients with PBC according to a revised scoring system proposed by the AND RESULTS: International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group (IAHG). Twenty-six patients had features of PBC-AIH overlap and 109 did not. Mean follow-up was 6.1 yr for overlap syndrome patients and 5.4 yr in PBC patients. There was a higher rate of portal hypertension (P = 0.01), esophageal varices (P < 0.01), gastrointestinal (Gl) bleeding (P = 0.02), ascites (P < 0.01), and death and/or orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) (P < 0.05) in the overlap group. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, esophageal varices, Gl bleeding, ascites, and death and/or OLT were more common in the overlap group. The higher risk of symptomatic portal hypertension and worse outcomes in patients with PBC overlap syndrome may justify the risks of immunosuppressive therapy. Large randomized studies are necessary to establish optimal therapeutic strategies.
Temperature sensitivity of passive holographic wavelength-division multiplexers-demultiplexers.

We derive a set of concise formulas to characterize the temperature sensitivity of holographic wavelength-division multiplexers–demultiplexers (H-MUX’s–H-DMUX’s). The normalized parameters such as dispersion abilities, central wavelength shift rate, and variations of insertion loss hold for general grating-based wavelength-division multiplexing–demultiplexing (WDM–WDDM) structures. The results are applicable to both wide-WDM–WDDM and dense ones working in 800-, 1300-, and 1550-nm optical wavelength windows, regardless of whether their input–output ports are single-mode or multimode fibers. Detailed analysis and experiments are carried out on a fully packaged four-channel H-MUX–H-DMUX. The experimental results at temperatures from 25 to 80 °C fit nicely with the theoretical prediction. We conclude that passive grating-based H-MUX’s–H-DMUX’s are promising for meeting the requirements on temperature sensitivity in optical data communications and telecommunications. Most of the analysis can be applied to other types of Bragg-grating-based WDM–WDDM.
Urates and allantoic regulation in embryonic Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica

During embryonic development, allantoic fluid represents the shifting balance between renal excretion and reabsorption by chorioallantoic membranes. Allantoic contents of Na+, K+, Cl-, urate, pH, and water were followed over days 10-15 of the 16 day incubation. Water volume remained near 0.9 ml until day 13, then declined very rapidly. The pH declined more steadily, from 8 to 5.5. Contents of Na+ and Cl- fell regularly to final values 80-88% below day 10. The K+ content changed differently and nearly doubled by day 13 but returned to day 10 values at the end. Urate content rose until day 13, then fell suddenly to low levels. This was due to the abrupt precipitation of most urate into masses not sampled by our method, so that after day 13, urate was underestimated (probably by 90-96%). Ion binding by urates was low (about 3% of Na+ and Cl-, 10% of K+) and appeared to be nonspecific. The underestimate of urate contents means, however, that in late incubation about one third of allantoic Na+ and 65-70% of K+ and Cl- are bound to precipitated urate and do not appear in balance sheets of allantoic ions. These precipitated ions account for the significant amounts of Na+ and K+ that remain in the allantoic remnant, left in the eggshell after hatching, but whose presence is not predicted by analysis of allantoic fluid.
Breast cancer after hodgkin's disease in two sisters

Two sisters had breast cancer at four years and 11 years after diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease. The affected breast tissues had received several hundred rads of scatter radiation during treatment of the lymphoma. Family history revealed breast cancer in a third sister and five other women in the paternal line. Cytogenetic and HLA studies showed no markers of susceptibility to neoplasia. Development of second primary neoplasms of the breast in the two sisters may have resulted from interactions between genetic factors and carcinogenic effects of radiation exposure.
Sexual medicine: When good isn't good enough--treatment for vulvodynia.

Finding effective treatment for chronic vulvar pain—vulvodynia—is a challenge. Although two new studies answer critical questions regarding treatment effectiveness for two interventions, both studies found that approximately 40% of women still experience pain during sex (dyspareunia) despite treatment. Is this as good as it gets for these women?
Multivariate statistical analysis of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry images using AXSIA

Abstract Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) by its parallel nature, generates complex and very large datasets quickly and easily. An example of such a large dataset is a spectral image where a complete spectrum is collected for each pixel. Unfortunately, the large size of the data matrix involved makes it difficult to extract the chemical information from the data using traditional techniques. Because time constraints prevent an analysis of every peak, prior knowledge is used to select the most probable and significant peaks for evaluation. However, this approach may lead to a misinterpretation of the system under analysis. Ideally, the complete spectral image would be used to provide a comprehensive, unbiased materials characterization based on full spectral signatures. Automated eXpert spectral image analysis (AXSIA) software developed at Sandia National Laboratories implements a multivariate curve resolution technique that was originally developed for energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) [Microsci. Microanal. 9 (2003) 1]. This paper will demonstrate the application of the method to TOF-SIMS. AXSIA distills complex and very large spectral image datasets into a limited number of physically realizable and easily interpretable chemical components, including both spectra and concentrations. The number of components derived during the analysis represents the minimum number of components needed to completely describe the chemical information in the original dataset. Since full spectral signatures are used to determine each component, an enhanced signal-to-noise is realized. The efficient statistical aggregation of chemical information enables small and unexpected features to be automatically found without user intervention.
The generality of the relation between familiarity and judged validity.

Using factual information of uncertain truth value as the stimulus material, previous investigators have found that repeated statements are rated more valid than non-repeated statements. Experiments 1 and 1A were designed to determine if this effect would also occur for opinion statements and for statements initially rated either true or false. Subjects were exposed to a 108-statement list one week and a second list of the same length a week later. This second list was comprised of some of the statements seen earlier plus some statements seen for the first time. Results suggested that all types of repeated statements are rated as more valid than their non-repeated counterparts. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the validity-enhancing effect of repetition does not occur in subject domains about which a person claims not be knowledgeable. From the results of both studies we concluded that familiarity is a basis for the judged validity of statements. The relation between this phenomenon and the judged validity of decisions and predictions was also discussed.
A Study of Tidal Energy Dissipation and Bottom Stress in an Estuary

Abstract A Method for inferring an area-averaged bottom stress and energy dissipation rate in a tidal estuarine channel is presented. The one-dimensional continuity and momentum relations are developed using simplifying assumptions appropriate for a well-mixed shallow and narrow estuary. The finite-difference form of these relations is derived for a section of the Great Bay Estuary, New Hampshire, an estuary which has been shown to have a relatively large energy dissipation rate. A set of current, bottom-pressure and sea-level measurements from the Estuary is used to estimate time series of all important first- and second-order terms in the momentum equation. Except near slack water, we find that the instantaneous first-order balance must be between the surface-slope-induced pressure gradient and bottom-stress forces. Important second-order contributions to the balance come from the inertial and convective acceleration terms. Time series of bottom stress are inferred by summing the estimated terms. For th...
Alkaline nuclease activity in cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-1 temperature-sensitive mutants.

Abstract An in situ assay has been adapted to the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) system which can detect alkaline nuclease activity in infected cell lysates following sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Lysates of cells infected with HSV-1 temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants possessing mutations in the genes for an immediate-early transcriptional regulatory protein (ICP4), viral DNA polymerase (pol), and the major HSV-1 DNA binding protein (ICP8) exhibited altered alkaline nuclease profiles relative to that of wild-type virus-infected cells at 39°C. Infections with a control mutant defective in the gene for glycoprotein B yielded wild-type nuclease profiles. The diverse effects on alkaline nuclease expression of mutants with lesions in different viral proteins involved directly in viral DNA synthesis provides evidence for the cooperative interaction between HSV-encoded viral DNA replication components.