cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exceptional automorphisms of (generalized) super elliptic surfaces

On Jacobians of curves with superelliptic components by L. Beshaj, T. Shaska, and C. Shor Superelliptic surfaces as $p$-gonal surfaces by S. A. Broughton Exceptional automorphisms of (generalized) super elliptic surfaces by S. A. Broughton and A. Wootton Symmetric group actions on Jacobian varieties by A. Carocca, R. E. Rodriguez, and A. M. Rojas Normal coverings of hyperelliptic real Riemann surfaces by F.-J. Cirre and R. A. Hidalgo Large group actions on surfaces by M. D. E. Conder Maximal bordered surface groups versus maximal handlebody groups by M. D. E. Conder and B. P. Zimmermann Maximal and non-maximal NEC and Fuchsian groups uniformizing Klein and Riemann surfaces by A. F. Costa, M. Izquierdo, and A. M. Porto On the minimum genus problem on bordered Klein surfaces for automorphisms of even order by J. J. Etayo and E. Martinez Computing adapted bases of conformal automorphism groups of Riemann surfaces by J. Gilman Fields of definition of uniform dessins on quasiplatonic surfaces by E. Girondo, D. Torres-Teigell, and J. Wolfart Surfaces as complete intersections by V. G. Gutierrez and S. Lopez de Medrano Conjugacy classes of symmetries of compact Kleinian 3-manifolds by G. Gromadzki and R. A. Hidalgo Connectivity and dimension of the $p$-locus in moduli space by G. Gromadzki, A. Weaver, and A. Wootton Free degree of periodic self-homeomorphisms of compact bordered orientable surfaces by G. Gromadzki and X. Zhao $p$-adic origamis by F. Herrlich Regular dessins with a given automorphism group by G. A. Jones Growth in Hecke groups by M. Kreuzer and G. Rosenberger Some results on abelian groups of automorphisms of compact Riemann surfaces by J. Rodriguez Abelian varieties and group actions by R. E. Rodriguez The remarkable Accola-Maclachlan surfaces by D. Singerman Patterns in semigroups associated with combinatorial configurations by K. Stokes and M. Bras-Amoros Computing equations, automorphisms and symmetries of Riemann surfaces by P. Turbek
Treatment of drop attacks with nifedipine: a case report

Drop attacks are sudden, unexpected, nonsyncopal falls, which are not preceded or accompanied by loss of consciousness, dizziness, lightheadedness, or loss of balance. They can be a manifestation of epilepsy, brain stem tumors, and a variety of other conditions. In the elderly, they have been associated with vertebrobasilar insufficiency, cervical spondylosis, or both. However, the specificity and etiology of drop attacks have come under some scrutiny in recent years. The patient described in this case report experienced frequent drop attacks that were effectively prevented with nifedipine. Possible pathophysiologic mechanisms are discussed and the relevant literature is reviewed.
Effect of the LIVESTRONG at the YMCA exercise program on physical activity, fitness, quality of life, and fatigue in cancer survivors

BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) has been linked to a lower risk of developing and dying of cancer, yet many cancer survivors do not exercise. In the current study, the authors evaluated the impact of the LIVESTRONG at the YMCA exercise program, available at Young Men's Christian Associations (YMCAs) across the United States, on PA, fitness, quality of life, fatigue, body composition, serum biomarkers, and program safety in cancer survivors. METHODS Cancer survivors were recruited through the Yale Cancer Center and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and randomized to a 12-week, twice-weekly LIVESTRONG at the YMCA exercise program at YMCAs in Connecticut or Massachusetts or to a control group. Questionnaires, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans, 6-minute walk tests (6MWTs), and a fasting blood draw were completed at baseline and at 12 weeks. Intervention effects were evaluated using mixed model repeated measures analysis, with changes at 12 weeks in PA and 6MWT as the primary endpoints. RESULTS A total of 186 participants were randomized (95 to the exercise group and 91 to the control group). The majority of patients were diagnosed with AJCC stage I to II cancer and 53% had breast cancer. Participants randomized to the LIVESTRONG at the YMCA program experienced increases in PA (71% exercising at ≥ 150 minutes/week vs 26% of controls; P<.05) and improvements in the 6MWT (group difference: 28.9 meters [95% confidence interval, 0.3-49.0; P = .004]) and quality of life (group difference: 2.6 [95% confidence interval, 0.1-5.0; P = .04]). No adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS The LIVESTRONG at the YMCA exercise program has the potential to impact thousands of survivors across the YMCA network and could lead to improvements in disease and psychosocial outcomes in the growing population of cancer survivors. Cancer 2017;123:1249–1258. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Prevalence of Viral Diseases of the Fruittree Leafroller, Archips argyrospila (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in Louisiana

A nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) and a granulovirus (GV) were found infecting field populations of fruittree leafroller, Archips argyrospila (Walker), larvae in Louisiana. Both viruses were recovered f...
Gaussian Source Detection and Spatial Spectral Estimation Using a Coprime Sensor Array With the Min Processor

A coprime sensor array (CSA) interleaves two undersampled uniform linear arrays with coprime undersampling factors and has recently found broad applications in signal detection and estimation. CSAs commonly use the product processor by multiplying the scanned responses of two colinear subarrays to estimate the spatial power spectral density (PSD) of the received signal. This paper proposes a new CSA processor, the CSAmin processor, which chooses the minimum between the two CSA subarray periodograms at each bearing to estimate the spatial PSD. The proposed CSAmin processor resolves the CSA subarray spatial aliasing equally well as the product processor. For an extended aperture CSA, the CSAmin reduces the peak sidelobe height and total sidelobe area over the product processor for the same CSA geometry. Moreover, unlike the PSD estimate from the product processor, the PSD estimate from the CSAmin is guaranteed to be positive semidefinite. This paper derives the probability density function, the complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF, or tail distribution), and the first two moments of the CSAmin PSD estimator in closed form for Gaussian sources in white Gaussian noise. Numerical simulations verify the derived CSAmin statistics and demonstrate that the CSAmin improves the performance over the product processor in detecting narrowband Gaussian sources in the presence of loud interferers and noise. The CSAmin spatial PSD estimate achieves lower variance than the product processor estimate, and keeps the PSD estimate unbiased for white Gaussian processes and asymptotically unbiased for nonwhite Gaussian processes.
Finding the Hook: Computer Science Education in Elementary Contexts

The purpose of this study was to investigate how elementary teachers with little knowledge of computer science (CS) and project-based learning (PBL) experienced integrating CS through PBL as a part...
Central Auditory System

How is it that these spike-like signals from thousands of cochlear nerve fibers eventually enable the organism to perceive the myriad sounds of the environment? Auditory signals must present nearly as complex a problem for processing as visual patterns, since they are highly transitory in nature and cover a huge dynamic range. Perhaps for this reason, the auditory brainstem itself seems a complicated network. A highly simplified scheme showing at least the basic serial path traversed by impulses that originate at the cochlea appears in Fig. 19. It is indeed the simplest of portrayals, since at each level not only are there many parallel connections within that level, but in addition connections to other, non-auditory areas become important.
Review of Gregg D. Caruso and Owen Flanagan (eds.), Neuroexistentialism: Meaning, Morals, & Purpose in the Age of Neuroscience, Oxford University Press, 2018, 392pp., ISBN: 9780190460730

In this review, I offer an overview of of the questions that caught my attention while reading Neuroexistentialism. I aim to make it clear why the issues that are raised in this volume are worth exploring in more detail. I also hope to clarify the limitations that are imposed by neural and social constraints, and to recommend ways of anchoring a third wave of existentialism in our understanding of neuroscience, our expanding sense of cultural variation, and our emerging recognition of the contingency of even our most deeply sedimented ways of perceiving and acting in the world.
Designing an Experience Architecture for the International Fan Scholar Website Sherlockian.net

Founded in 1994, Sherlockian.net is a community portal and archive dedicated to the Sherlock Holmes community. In 2016, founder Christopher Redmond retired and entrusted the site to Liza Potts and WIDE Research, a digital humanities lab at Michigan State University. In this experience report, we outline how the participatory strategies of our project informed information structures, technology decisions, avenues for outreach, content choices, and the resulting processes that help us continue to maintain the site as a cultural heritage space for this community.
Hepatic monoacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 is induced by prolonged food deprivation to modulate the hepatic fasting response.

During prolonged fasting, the liver plays a central role in maintaining systemic energy homeostasis by producing glucose and ketones in processes fueled by oxidation of fatty acids liberated from adipose tissue. In mice, this is accompanied by transient hepatic accumulation of glycerolipids. We found that the hepatic expression of monoacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (Mogat1), an enzyme with monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MGAT) activity that produces diacyl­glycerol from monoacylglycerol, was significantly increased in the liver of fasted mice compared with mice given ad libitum access to food. Basal and fasting-induced expression of Mogat1 was markedly diminished in the liver of mice lacking the transcription factor PPARα. Suppressing Mogat1 expression in liver and adipose tissue with antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) reduced hepatic MGAT activity and triglyceride content compared with fasted controls. Surprisingly, the expression of many other PPARα target genes and PPARα activity was also decreased in mice given Mogat1 ASOs. When mice treated with control or Mogat1 ASOs were gavaged with the PPARα ligand, WY-14643, and then fasted for 18 h, WY-14643 administration reversed the effects of Mogat1 ASOs on PPARα target gene expression and liver triglyceride content. In conclusion, Mogat1 is a fasting-induced PPARα target gene that may feed forward to regulate liver PPARα activity during food deprivation.
Interplay between the Kinesin and Tubulin Mechanochemical Cycles Underlies Microtubule Tip Tracking by the Non-motile Ciliary Kinesin Kif7.

Summary The correct localization of Hedgehog effectors to the tip of primary cilia is critical for proper signal transduction. The conserved non-motile kinesin Kif7 defines a “cilium-tip compartment” by localizing to the distal ends of axonemal microtubules. How Kif7 recognizes microtubule ends remains unknown. We find that Kif7 preferentially binds GTP-tubulin at microtubule ends over GDP-tubulin in the mature microtubule lattice, and ATP hydrolysis by Kif7 enhances this discrimination. Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures suggest that a rotated microtubule footprint and conformational changes in the ATP-binding pocket underlie Kif7’s atypical microtubule-binding properties. Finally, Kif7 not only recognizes but also stabilizes a GTP-form of tubulin to promote its own microtubule-end localization. Thus, unlike the characteristic microtubule-regulated ATPase activity of kinesins, Kif7 modulates the tubulin mechanochemical cycle. We propose that the ubiquitous kinesin fold has been repurposed in Kif7 to facilitate organization of a spatially restricted platform for localization of Hedgehog effectors at the cilium tip.
CONSTITUTIVE PREDICTIONS AND EXPERIMENTAL DATA

This chapter presents a few results of measurements of rheological properties of viscoelastic materials and presents a comparison of these results with the predictions of various forms of constitutive equations. Stress–strain data for a rubber subjected to two different types of strain are consistent with the form of the strain-energy function predicted by the molecular network theory of rubber elasticity in the Gaussian approximation, but data for a third type of strain are not. Tension–extension data for simple elongation of a rubberlike solid give very limited information about the form of the strain-energy function, no matter how large a range of elongational strain is used. Melt flow index is obtained from a capillary flow measurement according to a standard procedure. It is well known that the rubberlike-liquid theory gives a qualitatively successful description of some of the main rheological properties of polymeric liquids but is unsatisfactory in its inability to give any shear-rate dependence of viscosity and stress relaxation and any stress overshoot. For a polymeric material whose rheological behavior is governed by a molecular network, a strain is fast if no change of network connectivity occurs.
The Global Political Economy of the Environment and Tourism

Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations Maps/Photos PART I Introduction Environment, Tourism and Levels of Governance Environment and Global Political Economy Consumption and Equity PART II: CASE STUDIES Zakynthos Thassos Cavo Sidero Conclusion Bibliography
Peace Processes: Business as Usual?

Despite international frameworks such as the WPS agenda that promotes women’s inclusion and full participation, the structure of peace processes and the power dynamics they reflect continues to drive women’s de facto exclusion from them. While there is literature problematising women’s exclusion from formal peace processes, little knowledge exists on the more hidden and informal processes that drive these gendered exclusions. This article builds on the IR literature by also drawing insights from business and management literature—a sector which has advanced more rapidly than other sectors in acknowledging and breaking down the barriers to women’s advancement.
QTc Prolongation and Risk of Torsades de Pointes in Hospitalized Pediatric Oncology Patients

Objective To evaluate the prevalence of torsades de pointes and to identify risk factors associated with QTc prolongation of ≥500 milliseconds in hospitalized pediatric oncology patients. A QTc prolongation of ≥500 milliseconds is associated with higher mortality in hospitalized adults but has not been demonstrated in pediatrics. Study design A single-center, retrospective review of all hospitalized oncology patients ≤21 years of age was performed from 2014 to 2016. Patients with long/short QT syndrome or a QRS interval of ≥120 ms were excluded. Rapid response events were reviewed to determine the prevalence of torsades. In patients with ECGs for review, data were compared between patients with a QTc of Results There were 1934 hospitalized patients included. Rapid response events occurred in 90 patients (4.7%) with 2 torsades events (0.1%). There were 1412 electrocardiograms performed in 287 unique patients (10.6 ± 6.3 years of age; 43% female). The mean QTc was 448 ± 31 ms; 25 patients (8.7%) had ≥1 ECG with a QTc of ≥500 ms. The prevalence of torsades was greater in patients with a QTc of ≥500 ms (8% vs 0%; P Conclusions The prevalence of torsades in hospitalized pediatric oncology patients was low (0.1%), although the risk was significantly greater in patients with a QTc of ≥500 ms. Routine monitoring of electrocardiograms and electrolytes is essential in patients with risk factors predisposing to QTc prolongation.
Lambl’s Excrescence Associated with Recurrent Ischemic Strokes

Lambl's excrescence (LE) is a rare thin, mobile, filiform frond on the endocardial surface of cardiac valves responsible for recurrent ischemic strokes due to embolic phenomena. Due to nonspecific symptoms, sometimes the diagnosis is challenging. It can be diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) with increased sensitivity. Several case reports have been published with a strategy to manage LE but there is lack of consensus. We report a case of a 75-year-old patient with the LE arising from aortic valve resulting in recurrent ischemic strokes within a short period and its management. A 75-year-old male with multiple vascular risk factors presented with confusion, altered mental status of unknown onset and aphasia. He denied weakness, numbness, or other focal neurological deficits. National Institute of Health Stroke Scale was 5. IV tPA was not given due to the unknown onset of symptoms. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed acute/subacute left thalamic lacunar infarct. TEE demonstrated a 7-mm linear fibrinous mass on the valve. The patient was on aspirin which was changed to clopidogrel. After 2 weeks, the patient readmitted with similar presentation. MRI showed subacute right parietal cortical infarct. The patient was advised to proceed with surgical resection of LE. Due to refusal for surgery, he was kept on 30 days cardiac monitor and had given anticoagulant therapy for secondary prevention of stroke. Although wide range from single or dual antiplatelet therapy to full dose anticoagulation have been tried, surgical intervention should be considered in case of multiple ischemic strokes to mitigate the risk of embolism.
Project STARLIT: Protocol of a Longitudinal Study of Habitual Sleep Trajectories, Weight Gain, and Obesity Risk Behaviors in College Students

Obesity in the United States is a serious and preventable health concern. Previous research suggests that habitual short sleep may influence obesity-risk behaviors, such as increased caloric intake, decreased physical activity and increased engagement in sedentary activities (e.g., media consumption, computer usage). Given that existing longitudinal research studies have methodological concerns preventing conclusive interpretations, Project STARLIT was designed to address these limitations and identify future intervention targets. A sample of young adults (n = 300) will be recruited during the summer prior to entering college. Participants will be screened for eligibility requirements prior to the inclusion in the Time 1 assessment though phone and in-person interviews. Once enrolled, participants will complete four assessments over a two year period (i.e., approximately 8, 16 and 24 months after Time 1). Each assessment will consist of one week of data collection including both objective (i.e., habitual sleep, physical activity, body fat composition) and subjective (i.e., sleep diary, 24-h food recall, technology use, and sleep-related beliefs/behaviors) measures. Project STARLIT is designed to address methodological concerns of previous research. In addition to clarifying the relationship between habitual short sleep and weight gain among young adults, the proposed study will identify problematic obesity risk behaviors associated with habitual short sleep (e.g., increased caloric intake, physical/sedentary activity). The results will identify prevention or intervention targets related to obesity risk. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04100967, 9/23/19, Retrospectively registered.
Internationalization of Banking Business

Despite global banks facing fears and resentment in the past, the banking industry is today one of the most globalized and integrated of businesses. It has become a key player in the world economy as its success or failure impacts the overall economy, not only the international finance sector. Its expansion drew stern criticisms in the midst of the 2008-2010 financial meltdown. The lack of coordination among banks' regulators, the short-sighted monetary policy initiated in the United States and blindly followed by the rest of the world, the absence of sound corporate governance, and the greed of a few have eroded trust in the industry. Nevertheless, the industry is showing signs of recovery, and business tends to expand as usual.
Small Bowel Adenocarcinomas: Impact of Location on Survival.

Abstract Background Proximal (duodenal) small bowel adenocarcinomas have a worse prognosis than distal (jejuno-ileal) tumors, but differences in patient, tumor, and treatment factors between locations remain unclear. Methods Patients in the National Cancer Database with surgically resected pathologic stage I-IV small bowel adenocarcinomas between 2004 and 2015 were analyzed. Clinical stage IV patients were excluded. Results Proximal tumors (n = 3767) were more likely to be higher grade (OR 1.52, CI 1.22-1.85 for moderately; OR 1.83, CI 1.49-2.33 for poorly differentiated, P 5 cm, P Conclusions Proximal small bowel adenocarcinomas are associated with worse overall and stage-specific survival. This may be due to tumor biologic differences as proximal tumors were more likely to have higher grade. Future studies should further investigate differences between proximal and distal tumors to guide targeted treatment algorithms.
Phosphorus fertilizer optimization is affected by soybean varieties and placement strategy

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) response to phosphorus (P) fertilization can vary by fertilization strategy, tillage system, and soybean variety. The objectives of this study were to access possib...
Fast Deep Swept Volume Estimator

Despite decades of research on efficient swept volume computation for robotics, computing the exact swept volume is intractable and approximate swept volume algorithms have been computationally pro...
Src couples estrogen receptor to the anticipatory unfolded protein response and regulates cancer cell fate under stress

Accumulation of unfolded protein, or other stresses, activates the classical reactive unfolded protein response (UPR). In the recently characterized anticipatory UPR, receptor-bound estrogen, progesterone and other mitogenic hormones rapidly elicit phosphorylation of phospholipase C γ (PLCγ), activating the anticipatory UPR. How estrogen and progesterone activating their receptors couples to PLCγ phosphorylation and anticipatory UPR activation was unknown. We show that the oncogene c-Src is a rate-limiting regulator whose tyrosine kinase activity links estrogen and progesterone activating their receptors to anticipatory UPR activation. Supporting Src coupling estrogen and progesterone to anticipatory UPR activation, we identified extranuclear complexes of estrogen receptor α (ERα):Src:PLCγ and progesterone receptor:Src:PLCγ. Moreover, Src inhibition protected cancer cells against cell death. To probe Src's role, we used the preclinical ERα biomodulator, BHPI, which kills cancer cells by inducing lethal anticipatory UPR hyperactivation. Notably, Src inhibition blocked BHPI-mediated anticipatory UPR activation and the resulting rapid increase in intracellular calcium. After unbiased long-term selection for BHPI-resistant human breast cancer cells, 4/11 BHPI-resistant T47D clones, and nearly all MCF-7 clones, exhibited reduced levels of normally growth-stimulating Src. Notably, Src overexpression by virus transduction restored sensitivity to BHPI. Furthermore, in wild type cells, several-fold knockdown of Src, but not of ERα, strongly blocked BHPI-mediated UPR activation and subsequent HMGB1 release and necrotic cell death. Thus, Src plays a previously undescribed pivotal role in activation of the tumor-protective anticipatory UPR, thereby increasing the resilience of breast cancer cells. This is a new role for Src and the anticipatory UPR in breast cancer.
Modeling and Simulation of a 20kV Ultra-Fast DC Circuit Breaker for Electric Shipboard Applications

A novel hybrid circuit breaker for medium voltage dc (MVDC) electric shipboard power systems is proposed. The breaker combines the benefits of the efficiency of a mechanical breaker and the interruption speed of a solid-state breaker. The proposed breaker utilizes a fast-ramping current source with a fast-actuating vacuum interrupter (VI) to provided ultra-fast response time and high on-state efficiency. During normal operation, nominal load current flows through the vacuum interrupter in the main conduction branch, providing a low-resistance path with negligible losses. During a fault, a current zero crossing is achieved by the use of a controllable resonant current source (RCS). By leveraging the high switching frequency capabilities of Silicon Carbide (SiC) devices, the current source achieves higher frequency of resonance than previously possible with the silicon counterparts. After interruption, the surge arrester in the energy absorption branch clamps overvoltages and dissipates all residual system energy. Simulation results from the PLECS software environment are presented to verify the functionality of this proposed breaker in a 20 kV MVDC system for electric shipboard applications.
Phoenix and Peregrine Ion Traps

The Phoenix and Peregrine ion traps are micro-fabricated surface-electrode ion traps based on silicon technology. Both are linear traps using a symmetric 6-rail design with segmented inner and outer control electrodes. The traps are fabricated on Sandia's High Optical Access (HOA) platform to provide good optical access skimming the trap surface. They are packaged in custom ceramic pin or land grid array packages using a 2.54 mm pitch. The Peregrine trap is a surface trap with all electrodes in one plane. The Phoenix trap has the same layout, but with a central through-substrate slot and its inner control electrodes are at a lower metal level. Both traps provide means to measure the substrate temperature and to heat the device by means of integrated aluminum and tungsten wires.
Non Coeval Young Multiple Systems

We summarize here the observed properties of “infrared companions” to T Tauri stars and argue that their observational properties are identical to those of Class I sources. They may therefore be embedded protostars in a much earlier evolutionary phase than T Tauri stars, in which case these multiple systems are significantly non-coeval as opposed to the majority of young binary systems. They would have formed through a different mechanism than core fragmentation. The only distinction between IRCs and Class I sources is that they lie within a few tens of AU of a T Tauri star, and so they cannot be at the center of avast optically thick envelope as is believed to be the case for protostars. We discuss whether systems withan IRC are really candidates for non-coeval multiple systems.
The Impact of Remittances on Rural Poverty and Inequality in China

Large numbers of agricultural labor moved from the countryside to cities after the economic reforms in China. Migration and remittances play an important role in transforming the structure of rural household income. This paper examines the impact of rural-to-urban migration on rural poverty and inequality in the case of Hubei province using the data of a 2002 household survey. Since remittances are a potential substitute for farm income, the paper presents counterfactual scenarios of what rural income, poverty, and inequality would have been in the absence of migration. The results show that, by providing alternatives to households with lower marginal labor productivity in agriculture, migration leads to an increase in rural income. In contrast to many studies that suggest the increasing share of non-farm income in total income widens inequality, this paper offers support for the hypothesis that migration tends to have egalitarian effects on rural income for three reasons: (i) migration is rational self-selection - farmers with higher agricultural productivities choose to remain in local agricultural production while those with higher expected return in urban non-farm sectors migrate; (ii) poorer households facing binding constraints of land shortage are more likely to migrate; and (iii) the poorest poor benefit disproportionately from remittances.
Is Bariatric Surgery Brain Surgery

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) reliably produces sustained weight losses, reduces circulating blood glucose, and lowers risk of type 2 diabetes (1). Accompanying these benefits, however, is symptomatic hypoglycemia, reported by up to one-third of post–bariatric surgery patients (2,3). In an estimated <1% of RYGB patients (4), postprandial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia causes severe symptoms including neuroglycopenia with significant morbidity. New mechanistic insights and treatment options for these patients are needed. Potential contributors include rapid glucose delivery into the bloodstream, improved β-cell function, and gut adaptations, but the role of the central nervous system (CNS) is an important and underdeveloped area of research (3). In their article in this issue of Diabetes , Almby et al. (5) investigate whether RYGB alters the brain response to hypoglycemia in humans—a topic with further relevance to the CNS contribution to RYGB’s modification of overall glucose homeostasis. Human neuroimaging studies document RYGB-induced changes in brain function and suggest reversibility of obesity-associated findings (6–8). Studies of cerebral metabolism measuring [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake by positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) show that brain glucose uptake is elevated in participants with obesity and partially reversed post-RYGB (6,7), but controlled studies of the cerebral metabolic response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia are lacking. Cerebral blood flow response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia assessed by arterial spin labeling (ASL) showed increased regional blood flow (vs. euglycemia) in the cortex, thalamus (9), and hypothalamus (10) in healthy adults. Almby et al. provide novel data on the effect of RYGB on brain response to hypoglycemia (5). Almby et al. included 11 participants that underwent, before and …
Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration (PCD) associated with PCA-1 antibodies in established cancer patients

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is a rare set of neurological disorders arising from tumor-associated autoimmunity against antigens within the cerebellum. Anti-Purkinje cell cytoplasmic antibody 1 (PCA-1), or anti-Yo, is the most commonly linked antibody and is classically associated with breast and ovarian cancers. Medical records of patients at our institution who developed PCA-1 associated PCD were reviewed. Clinical information, including cancer history, cancer-directed treatment, and serum and CSF titers of PCA-1 antibody were extracted. We report a series of cases of PCA-1 associated PCD in patients with known breast or ovarian cancer diagnosis not receiving immunotherapy. These cases highlight aspects of PCA-1 paraneoplastic syndrome such as triggering by cytotoxic chemotherapy or surgery, the possibility of tumor recurrence and the association with development of a second cancer. Diagnosis of the syndrome requires neurological workup with lumbar puncture (LP) with cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) studies, serum and CSF paraneoplastic antibody panel, and neuroimaging. Inpatient admission for prompt workup and initiation of treatment is recommended. Treatment most commonly includes immunosuppression with corticosteroids, plasmapheresis, and/or intravenous immune globulin (IVIG); however, we postulate that other immune modulating treatments may warrant consideration. These cases highlight the need for early recognition of the syndrome in patients receiving nonimmune based chemotherapy, for prompt workup and treatment.
Male Teacher Assignment and Teacher Turnover in Elementary Schools

Parents and educators commonly assume that male teachers serve as more effective disciplinarians for boys than female teachers. Do schools tend to assign male teachers to teach boys with perceived ...
Exploring Perimeter and Area with 4th Graders

Introduction I am going to teach basic introductory geometry skills to 4 graders using Geometry’s Sketchpad. At this age, children are only beginning to learn about geometry in their math classes, and I would like for the students to understand these basic concepts using technology. This problem is so important for the students to learn early, and learn correctly. These skills will involve finding the area and perimeter of regular polygons, basic skills using Geometry’s Sketchpad, and activities that will apply these introductory concepts; directly correlating within the national geometry standards of mathematics. Children use geometry everyday, even when they don’t realize they are using them (actually we all do). But the most important concept for the children is to recognize shapes and structures. If they can identify the use of geometry, then it will automatically trigger the children to think; think in a mathematical state of mind. Thinking mathematically creates questions and also answers questions. With Geometry’s Sketchpad, children can learn these skills much earlier because they can construct, observe, calculate and assess everything independently. Fortunately this contemporary technology is becoming more available in elementary classrooms. These concepts are most likely new to the students at the lower levels; therefore, teaching basic Geometry’s Sketchpad skills to 4 graders will be a great introduction to beginning geometry. According to the national geometry standards for fourth graders, children will be able to analyze characteristic and properties of two-dimensional geometric shapes and develop mathematical arguments about geometric relationships. In these activities, I will explain the basic concepts of perimeters and areas of polygons with and without Geometry’s Sketchpad. I will then give specific instructions on how to use the Sketchpad, next I will transition into three fun activities where the students can use what they’ve learned and understand how these skills can be associated with their own lives. These activities will include the national standards by having the children specify locations and describe spatial relationships using coordinate on Geometer’s Sketchpad and other representational systems such as the geoboards. This will not only give students a fundamental introduction to geometry, but will provide them with knowledge for future application. Most importantly, students will become aware how mathematics and specifically geometry can be used in their everyday lives. Again incorporating these national standards by using visualization, spatial reasoning, geometric modeling to solve problems and apply the problems to analyze mathematical situations.
A Possible Immunological Approach to the Study of Plasmalemma Redox Enzymes in Phytoplankton

The phytoplankton plasmalemma contains redox enzymes which will reduce external trace metal complexes, redox dyes and molecular oxygen (Jones and Morel, 1986; Jones et al., 1985; Palenik et al., 1986). The chemical properties of the trace metal reductase are consistent with those of NAD(P)H:cytochrome c (ferricyanide) reductase which is found as a prosthetic group in many cellular redox enzymes e.g., nitrate reductase, sulfite reductase and oleate desaturase. We are now attempting to substantiate these initial observations through the use of anti-serum, prepared against algal nitrate reductase, as a probe for the plasmalemma trace metal reductase. Preliminary experiments indicate that nitrate reductase anti-serum completely inhibits plasmalemma redox activity in the marine diatoms Thalassiosira weissflogii and T. pseudonana.
Compile-time partitioning of a non-strict language into sequential threads

Presents a practical algorithm for partitioning a program into sequential threads. A thread is a sequence of instructions, possibly including branches, that can be scheduled as an indivisible unit on a von Neumann-like processor. The primary target of the proposed compilation strategy is large-scale parallel systems that rely on multithreading at the processor level to tolerate long communication latencies. As such, the algorithm incorporates a mechanism to balance the desire to maximize thread length with the desire to expose useful high-level parallelism. It can also exploit known dependency information (gathered through subscript analysis, for example). Although this paper focuses on non-strict (but not lazy) language semantics, the partitioning analysis is equally well suited to a non-strict language on a sequential machine or a strict language on a parallel multithreaded machine. >
Reliability of the Biodex System 2 Isokinetic Dynamometer Concentric Mode

∎ The purpose of this study was to assess the test-retest reliability of the Biodex System 2 isokinetic dynamometer . Twenty subjects performed knee concentric reciprocal extension/flexion exercise on 2 consecutive days, separated by 24 hours . Peak torque (PT), total work (TW), average power (AP), and joint angle at peak torque (JA) were collected from three repetitions across a velocity spectrum of 60, 120, 180, 240, 360, and 450 deg/sec . Correlation values between days 1 and 2 for PT, TW, and AP for both extension and flexion ranged from 0 .86 to 0 .98. The JA correlations ranged from 0 .22 to 0 .69 . Also, extension and flexion mean values for PT, TW, AP, and JA on day 1 were not significantly different (p < 0 .05) from the mean values derived from day 2, with the exception of flexion JA at 60 deg/sec . It was concluded that the Biodex System 2 isokinetic dynamometer is a highly reliable instrument for assessing reciprocal concentric isokinetic parameters of knee extension/flexion .
Axial pile response of bidirectional O-cell loading from modified analytical elastic solution and downhole shear wave velocity

The Osterberg cell (O-cell) type of bidirectional pile load testing is a modern full-scale proofing method in the realm of performance-based pile design. It is done at considerable cost, not possible on small- to medium-size projects. An economical approach of utilizing the flexible and approximate analytical solution proposed by Randolph has frequently been adopted in the past for evaluating pile settlements under static, unidirectional, top-down axial compression loading. To extend this solution for O-cell loadings, the following adaptations are warranted: (i) appropriate modifications to handle the loadings in two directions and (ii) development of a nonlinear stiffness reduction model, derived from the back-analysis of O-cell pile load tests. Accordingly, a modified analytical solution is presented for the two common cases of O-cell loading arrangements. Using these modified sets of solutions and a well-documented database of O-cell load tests on drilled shaft foundations from different sites, two sti...
Introduction: Insider Trading

This paper is the introductory chapter to Insider Trading (Oxford University Press 3d ed. 2010). This treatise analyzes the application of various laws to stock market insider trading and tipping. Among the federal laws are Exchange Act section 10(b), SEC Rule 10b-5, mail/wire fraud, SEC Rule 14e-3, Exchange Act section 16, and Securities Act section 17(a). The state law discussed is both state common law and a state law claim by the issuer.Another chapter addresses government enforcement of the insider trading/tipping prohibitions. A chapter on compliance programs deals with how firms can try to prevent illegal insider trading and tipping. Two chapters compare the harmful and allegedly beneficial effects of stock market insider trading and discuss the harm to individual investors from each specific insider trade.
Prospective evaluation of the clinical deterioration in post-thrombotic limbs

Objective Several studies have evaluated the natural history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), but few have correlated the clinical progression using duplex ultrasound (DU) imaging during the first year. This study was designed to determine the relationship of changes in the venous system and correlate them with long-term progression of disease. Methods Consecutive patients with a first episode of proximal DVT documented by DU imaging were included prospectively. Clinic examinations were performed at 3, 6, and 12 months, and yearly thereafter. The CEAP system was used to grade disease severity. DU imaging was performed at least once, 1 year after the diagnosis, and repeated at 5 years. The proximal veins were divided the common femoral vein, femoral vein, and popliteal vein segments for analysis. Thrombosed veins were subsequently graded as completely, partially, and fully recanalized. Recurrent DVT cases were also recorded. Results The study included 64 patients with 73 involved limbs; of which, skin damage was documented in three (4%) at 1 year and in 18 (25%) at 5 years ( P = 0.0006; relative risk [RR], 3.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36-11.3). Overall from 1 to 5 years, 50 limbs remained the same. A change in clinical class occurred in 23 limbs (31.5%), including five limbs that progressed from class 0 to 3, 15 limbs from class 3 to 4 and 6, and three from class 4 to 5 and 6. DU imaging of these 23 limbs progression showed that the most important predictor for class progression was ipsilateral recurrent DVT (RR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.4-13.3). Recurrent DVT at 1 year occurred in 21.9%, including ipsilateral in 15.6% and contralateral in 6.3%. Total recurrence at 5 years was 31.3%, including ipsilateral in 23.4% and contralateral in 7.8%. Limbs with ipsilateral recurrence were more likely to have partial recanalization, reflux, and more vein segments involved compared with those with contralateral recurrence or no recurrence (11 of 15 vs 16 of 58; RR, 4.7; 95% CI, 1.7-13.3). Conclusion Clinical class progression from year 1 to 5 occurs in 30% of post-thrombotic limbs. The most important predictor for progression in clinical class was ipsilateral recurrent DVT.
Defect-mediated spatial complexity and chaos in a phase-conjugate resonator

We have studied the spatiotemporal dynamics of a phase-conjugate resonator. The cavity Fresnel number is used to vary the degree of transverse confinement of the system. The generation and subsequent motion of the phase defects in the wave front are seen to mediate the system's dynamics. The number of defects and the complexity of their motion increases as the confinement is relaxed, leading the system through a sequence of bifurcations and eventually to chaos.
How to make our subjects clear: Denotational transparency and subject formation in the Tibetan diaspora

To examine the fraught relationship between intelligibility and subject formation in the Tibetan diaspora, this article first revisits Malinowski's classic discussion of the so-called 'co-efficients' of 'weirdness and intelligibility' in magical speech, noting how these qualities of discourse were mediated by a post-Enlightenment language ideology and evolutionist presumptions of alterity. Malinowski's text is instructive in this respect, for concerns with denotational transparency have long been wedded to larger ideological projects, including projects as ambitious as the very re-definition of the speaking subject. This article then turns to efforts by Tibetan Buddhist modernists in India to redefine the subject, specifically in the domain of monastic discipline. The focal practice is 'public reprimand' (tshogs gtam), delivered by Disciplinarians at the major Geluk monasteries of southern India. Using transcripts of a reprimand recorded at Sera Mey Monastic College, this article examines how indirection and dissimulation characterize this practice, and it then shows how this and a related form of reprimand begin to trouble Tibetans who engage a modernist language ideology, one premised on clarity, sincerity, and civility-attributes that bear a family resemblance to those of the liberal speaking subject of modernity.
Competition, Decision, and Consensus

This chapter proves that all competitive systems which admit an adaptation level are absolutely stable. This theorem suggests an approach to an old philosophical problem: How can you design systems of communicators wherein each communicator is characterized by arbitrary individual differences, or personal parameters, each communicator knows about other communicators only through locally perceived signals, yet the communication system as a whole can generate a global consensus? How can the system as a whole achieve coherence even if its parts are carelessly thrown together? One answer is: “Balance the individual differences against an adaptation level”. In other words, if you design part of the system very carefully, you can let the rest go wild without sacrificing system stability. It seems to me that this type of insight should be generally better understood, notably in discussions of free market forces.
Soot and NO formation in counterflow ethylene/oxygen/nitrogen diffusion flames

Formation of soot and NO in counterflow ethylene/oxygen/nitrogen diffusion flames was numerically investigated. Detailed chemistry and complex thermal and transport properties were used. A simplified two-equation soot model was adopted. The results indicate that NO emission has negligible influence on soot formation. However, soot formation affects the emission of NO through the radiation induced thermal effect and the reaction induced chemical effect. When the oxygen index of the oxidant stream is lower, the relative influence of chemical reaction caused by soot on NO emission is more important, while the relative influence of the radiation induced thermal effect becomes more important for the flame with a higher oxygen index in the oxidant stream.
Updates in Rosacea: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Management Strategies

Rosacea is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease that affects more than 15 million people in the United States. It is associated with significant psychosocial, physical, and economic burden. The pathogenesis of rosacea is poorly understood. Initial events include dysregulation in cutaneous neurovascular control and neuroimmune communication. Exacerbating factors may include UV light and infectious agents. Recent therapeutic advances have increased treatment options. Such therapies include avoidance of potential triggers, topical therapies, and systemic therapies. Treatment is targeted at reducing facial erythema and eliminating inciting agents that may contribute to the disease process. The tetracycline class of antibiotics has been most extensively studied for systemic therapy. Novel agents such as α-2 agonists have increased therapeutic options in rosacea.
EMISSION-SPECTROGRAPHIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF STRONTIUM IN SILICATE MATERIALS

Abstract A technique for the emission spectrographic determination of strontium in natural silicate materials is described. The effects of a varying matrix have been diminished by the addition of strontium-free calcium carbonate. The technique, applicable to all silicate materials, gives a precision of the order of 7–12% standard deviation. Comparison analyses with the stable isotope dilution method indicate a high degree of accuracy as well
Characterization of a biopharmaceutical protein and evaluation of its purification process using automated capillary Western blot

This paper describes the application of an automated size-based capillary Western blot system (Sally instrument) from ProteinSimple, Inc., for biopharmaceutical fusion-Fc protein characterization and evaluation of its purification process. The fusion-Fc protein column purification from an excess of single chain Fc polypeptide and removal of an enzyme coexpressed for protein maturation have been demonstrated using an automated capillary Western system. The clearance of a selected host cell protein (HCP) present in cell culture of fusion-Fc protein was also quantitatively monitored throughout the protein purification process. Additionally, the low levels of fusion-Fc product-related impurities detected by traditional slab gel Western blot were confirmed by the automated capillary Western system. Compared to the manual approach, the automated capillary Western blot provides the advantages of ease of operation, higher sample throughput, greater linearity range, and higher precision for protein quantitation.