cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oxygen autoregulation in skeletal muscle.

Almost 100 years ago SEVERINI [1878] discovered that local changes in PO2 altered the caliber of small blood vessels. To this day, however, we still do not understand this phenomenon [DULING, 1972] now referred to as oxygen autoregulation. Two major questions remain to be answered. What exactly are the local circulatory changes? And how are these changes mediated? Oxygen autoregulation can be defined as the active, rapid adaptation of the tissue oxygen supply system to changes in the availability or utilization of oxygen. It occurs in all tissues, to a greater or lesser extent, and involves both systemic and local adjustments. In order to separate oxygen autoregulation from other phenomena, such as pressure autoregulation, oxygen must be the only variable. The objective here was to study the intensity and dynamics of the response within an intact skeletal muscle (canine gracilis) to changes in oxygen availability, with all other systemic parameters constant, and, from the observed dynamics, to model the local circulatory changes in oxygen autoregulation. An input-output method identical to the one already employed to study tissue oxygen transport [GOLDSTICK et al., 1969; WAGNER, 1971; GOLDSTICK et al., 1973] was used here to study oxygen autoregulation. Its great advantage was that it left the muscle as intact as possible. To keep all other systemic parameters (such as blood pressures, gracilis muscle blood flow rate, and muscle oxygen consumption rate) constant, all tests were conducted with the animal euoxic, i.e., at or above normal PO2.
Sport Neuropsychology and Cerebral Concussion

Sport neuropsychology defines a discipline of recent origin that combines the two stand-alone disciplines of sport psychology and neuropsychology. Sport psychology can be defined as “the scientific study of people and their behaviors in sport and exercise activities and the practical application of that knowledge” (Weinberg & Gould, 2007, p. 4). Neuropsychology studies the relationship between the functioning brain and behavior, with behavior often broken down into intellectual, emotional, and control components (Lezak, 1983). Both parent fields exhibit several similarities, and each has its scientific and applied sides. Experimental neuropsychology uses methods from experimental psychology to uncover the relationship between the nervous system and behavior, where behavior includes overt as well as within-brain cognitions. Both human and animal experimentation are common in experimental neuropsychology for the same methodological and ethical reasons that both exist in more standard behavior analytic approaches. Clinical neuropsychology applies neuropsychological knowledge to the assessment, management, and rehabilitation of people with neurobehavioral problems due to illness or brain injury. It brings a psychological viewpoint to treatment, to understand how such illness and injury may affect, and be affected by, psychological factors.
Acoustic streaming and thermal instability of flow generated by ultrasound in a cylindrical container

A vertically orientated ultrasonic transducer contained within a closed cylindrical Pyrex tube was used to study the acoustic streaming flow within a cylindrical container. A particle-image velocimetry (PIV) system incorporating fluorescent 1.5 μm seeding particles suspended in a mixture of diethyl-phthalate and ethanol, whose optical index was matched to that of Pyrex, was used to allow for undistorted PIV imaging within the Pyrex tube. Temperature on the end-wall surface and acoustic pressure within the cylinder were measured for different end-wall materials. Variables considered included acoustic absorption and reflection coefficients, ultrasound intensity, container height, and thermal properties of the end-wall material. It was observed that a quasi-steady flow field driven by acoustic streaming is rapidly established within the container, which is typically dominated by a stationary vortex ring with downward flow along the ring axis. After sufficient time this quasi-stationary flow exhibits a thermal instability causing it to transform into a secondary flow state. Different types of secondary flow states were observed, including cases where the flow along the cylinder axis is oriented upward toward the ultrasound transducer and cases where the axial flow changes directions along the cylinder axis.
Group authentication in heterogeneous RFID networks

The proliferation of RFID tags means that an RFID reader will often interact with large groups of RFID tags. However, the majority of RFID security research is still focused on securing single reader-single tag interaction, which is unlikely to be scalable to larger groups of tags. In this paper, we propose a protocol that allows a large group of tags to authenticate a reader. Our technique relies on using a more powerful RFID tag, known as a computational RFID tag (CRFID), which is included into the large group of tags. Theoretical analysis and simulation experiments show that our new protocol is secure and efficient.
Comment on "Hotair Is Dispensable for Mouse Development"

Amandio et al. [1] reanalyzed a Hotair knockout (KO) mouse allele previously reported by Li et al. [2]. The authors evaluated the phenotypes in different genetic backgrounds, performed transcriptome profiling of cells derived from different tissues and developmental stages, and, based on such investigations, highlighted different potential regulatory mechanisms. (e.g., cis versus trans effects).
Drug Discovery over the Past Thirty Years: Why Aren’t There More New Drugs?

The rate of drug discovery has not kept pace with the exponential increase in biomedical knowledge. For the past 30 years, the number of new molecular enti- ties approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration has averaged 20 to 30 drugs per year, except for a peak in the mid-1990s that briefly doubled this rate. This modest productivity cannot be explained by lack of funding, as the research budgets of government and industry-funded programs have increased threefold to fivefold over the past three decades. Various arguments have been proposed to account for the relative lack of innovative new drugs, but little consideration has been given to the focus on hypothesis-driven translational research. In theory, the emphasis on translational research should have led to an increase in the number of new drugs. However, in considering the historical perspective of drug discovery and the role of serendipity, it can be argued that the emphasis on translational research diverts scientists from pursuing basic-science studies that give rise to fundamental discoveries. In many cases, retro-translational research (from clinic to basic science) is necessary before the disease process can be understood well enough for scientists to develop therapeutics. Ultimately, a balance of disease-oriented and basic-science research on fundamental processes is optimal.
Discontent As Resistance

This paper attempts to identify and explore the varied ideological implications of English studies by constructing a contextual genealogy of the field as it travels from its inception in the colonial period to its contemporary context. It attempts to respond to questions concerning reading practices, pedagogic agencies, knowledge, production, disciplinary formations and identity politics. It is neither theoretically comprehensive nor chronologically systematic and does not discuss the rise of feminisms and translation studies as these areas demand fuller analysis than this space can afford. It prefers not to marginalize these issues with tokenist responses. The principal interest of this paper is to think through the problematic cultural-politics of the field so as to place it in perspective.
Real-time drowsiness detection using wearable, lightweight brain sensing headbands

The feasibility of real-time drowsiness detection using commercially available, off-the-shelf, lightweight, wearable electroencephalogram (EEG) sensors is explored. While EEG signals are known to be reliable indicators of fatigue and drowsiness, they have not been used widely due to their size and form factor. However, the use of lightweight wearable EEGs alleviates this concern. Spectral analysis of EEG signals from these sensors using support vector machines (SVMs) is shown to classify drowsy states with high accuracy. The system is validated using data collected on 23 subjects in fresh and drowsy states. An accuracy of 81% is obtained at a per-subject level and 74% in cross-subject validation using SVM with radial basis kernel. Using a temporal aggregation strategy, the cross-subject validation accuracy is shown to improve to 87%. The EEG signals are also used to characterise the blink duration and frequency of subjects. However, classification of drowsy states using blink analysis is shown to have lower accuracy than that using spectral analysis.
Fisher V. University of Texas: The Court (Belatedly) Attempts to Invoke Reason and Principle

Oracles can be … well … Delphic, and the great judicial oracle in Washington is no exception. The cryptic opinion in Fisher v. University of Texas, 133 S. Ct. 2411 (2013)—the first decision on affirmative action in higher education in a decade—is a good example. Predicting what it will mean for the future is not easy.
Analysing H(z) data using two-point diagnostics

Chinese Academy of Sciences Visiting Professorships for Senior International Scientists [2012T1J0011]; Chinese State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs [GDJ20120491013]
Variety-Driven Assembly System Layout Design by Design Structure Matrix Clustering Analysis

Abstract Mass customization has been well recognized as an effective means of providing product variety while keeping mass production efficiency. As a critical aspect of fulfilling mass customization, assembly system design is facing the challenge of handling high product and process variety. This paper presents a variety-driven clustering method for assembly system layout design. Key issues include variety modeling and modularization of assembly process flows. Based on the minimization process of total coordination cost, the cluster analysis is formulated using the design structure matrix (DSM). A case study of automobile connector assembly system design is reported to demonstrate the feasibility and potential of DSM clustering analysis for dealing with product and process variety.
Abstract 207: Burden of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) on Economic Cost. Comparison of Outcomes in US and Europe

CVD is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, responsible for nearly a third of all deaths. In US, 85.6 million Americans are living with CVD, including 15.5 million with coronary hear...
Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia associated with anti-vancomycin complicated by a paraben antibody.

BACKGROUND Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia (DIIHA) is rare, but potentially life-threatening. A high index of clinical suspicion is required for diagnosis, since the number of medications known to induce DIIHA continues to expand. Additionally, in vitro antibody reactivity against reagent additives has been reported, which may complicate test interpretation. CASE REPORT A 61-year-old group A, D+ woman with a history of negative antibody detection tests developed hemolytic anemia on Postoperative Day 7 after repeat incision and drainage of a chronically infected right knee prosthesis. She was treated with multiple antibiotics in the postoperative period, including three cephalosporins and vancomycin intravenously as well as vancomycin and gentamicin-containing intraarticular cement spacers. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A workup for possible DIIHA was performed. Testing was performed using vancomycin and cephalosporin antibiotics. Initially, gentamicin injection solution was used for testing, followed by testing with its component ingredients. RESULTS A vancomycin antibody was detected and anemia resolved after vancomycin was discontinued. Reactivity was seen when gentamicin injection solution was used for testing, raising the possibility of a gentamicin antibody as well. However, testing with purified gentamicin as well as methylparaben and propylparaben demonstrated a paraben antibody that reacted with the paraben-containing gentamicin solution. The patient also demonstrated an anti-N. Neither the paraben antibody nor the anti-N appeared to cause in vivo hemolysis. CONCLUSION This is the second reported case of DIIHA associated with anti-vancomycin. It is the fourth report describing a paraben antibody.
The use and misuse of some positively valenced community concepts.

Considers the usage of four somewhat amorphous, but positively valenced, community mental health terms: primary prevention in mental health (and closely related notions such as wellness enhancement and positive psychology); resilience; charter schools; and empowerment. Use of these concepts often reflects a need to align with currently popular, “in”-terminology, rather than an intrinsic connection between what is being written about and a tight definition of the concept in question. Usages built primarily around a concept's positive valence and glitter tend to: (a) break down communication; (b) confuse rather than clarify; and (c) ultimately retard a field's growth and progress.
Preparing Special Education Personnel for Rural Schools. Current Practices and Future Directions

There has been dramatic growth in thenumberofspecial educationprograms to serve students with special needs in the nation's schools since thefederal mandate for a free appropriate public education in 1975. Such growth created a paralleldemandforqualified teachers and therapists to staffthese programs. Thisdemand resulted in the developmentof a vast personnelpreparation infrastructure to support the training, licensure, andemploymentofpractitioners in special education and related services. The last two decades havewitnesseda huge investment ofstate andfederal funds into the development ofpreservice programs at colleges and universities; elaborate policies and proceduresfor state licensing and professional certification; and recruitment, retention, andstaffdevelopmentpractices in local school systems. Rural schools have experiencedmajorproblems related to every aspect ofpersonnel preparation in special education: lack of preservice programsdesigned to prepare personnelfor rural programs; an insufficient supply ofadequately trained and appropriatelyqualifiedpersonnel to staffrural positions; and significant difficulties in recruiting, retaining, and retrain­ ing teachers and therapists in rural areas. Despite ongoing experimentation and innovation in the area ofpreservice programs, licensure and certification policies, recruitment and retention efforts, and staffdevelopment activities, rural schools will continue to face thesechallenges as the next century begins. This article discussescurrent trends and future directions in personnel preparation in special education as they affect rural schools. Preparing special educators and related services spe­ cialists skilled in best practices for working with children and adolescents with special needs is one of the most press­ ing issues in education today. To insure that these students have well-trained teachers and therapists requires a per­ sonnel preparation infrastructure that includes three major components: preservice programs to teach personnel the competencies needed to work with students in school set­ tings; state policies and procedures to license personnel for practice as well as certification requirements through which professional organizations exercise oversight of individu­ als and programs; and school system efforts related to re­ cruitment, retention, and staff development to insure that all students are served by qualified personnel. This infra­ structure is highly developed and functioning well in many respects, but it still faces a number of critical issues in in­ suring an adequate and appropriate supply of personnel to meet the demand for teachers and therapists in the nation's schools. Nowhere are these issues more urgent than in the preparation of personnel for schools in rural areas, which continue to experience difficulties in securing a sufficient number of trained and qualified special educators and re­ lated services specialists to work with students with spe­ cial needs.
The Ketogenic Diet for the Adjuvant Treatment of Malignant Brain Tumors

Malignant brain tumors are nearly uniformly fatal due, in part, to the limitations of current treatment including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Improvements in survival and quality of life require new approaches, especially those that potentiate currently available therapies without increasing toxicity. Tumor cells have an increased reliance on glucose, and it is now known that many of the pathways that promote tumor cell growth and therapy resistance intersect with metabolic pathways. This suggests that alteration of metabolism through the use of a ketogenic diet, which reduces blood glucose and increases blood ketones, may be beneficial for the treatment of malignant tumors. Current research shows that the ketogenic diet reduces tumor growth, affects growth factor-signaling pathways, reduces angiogenesis and inflammation, and may potentiate the activity of currently used therapies without increased side effects or toxicity. Targeting the metabolism via dietary means offers a new and effective paradigm for the treatment of malignant cancers.
Behaviour of toxin released from the cells of Clostridium botulinum type E

Abstract Clostridium botulinum type E toxin released by the cells to the medium was compared to the same type toxic retained within the cells. The released toxin, partially purified on a DEAE-cellulose column, had an S20,w value of 11–12. Both Eα and Eβ subunits were identified in this large molecular weight toxin by the immuno-agar-gel-diffusion test. This toxin had high toxicity, futher activatable by trypsin. Toxin retained in the cells, upon extraction, was found to be complexed with RNA and with an S-value of 15–19. Based on these findings, a possible release mechanism of the toxin is discussed.
Distant Lands Unknown: Informed Speculation on the Human Future in Space

Throughout this book we have seen that life normally spreads into any habitat it can endure, sometimes shaping that environment passively, and, more characteristic of humanity, sometimes shaping environments consciously and proactively. We have been successful because we have been explorers. If instinct is a biologically-based compulsion, somehow hardwired, one might say that our species' inclination towards exploration is instinctual. But it seems to be relatively new, rather than primitive; our closest living relatives, the chimps and gorillas, are not such active explorers. Our remarkable zest for ranging out and discovery date to the last few million years, when our genus, Homo, began to actively expand out of Africa. On this timescale, we are the descendants of about 60,000, 30-year generations of explorers, for many of whom it was natural to wonder what lay over the horizon, and to satisfy that curiosity through exploration. And in the last few decades our exploration has even extended from the surface of the Earth, putting human beings on the Moon, and our robotic probes even beyond the edge of our Solar System.
Trepano-Trabeculektomie (TTE)

Trepano-Trabeculektomie ist eine spezielle Trabeculektomie-Technik, welche die Erfordernisse einer guten Glaucomoperation erfullt Sie normalisiert den intraocularen Druck in der uberwiegenden Mehrzahl der operierten Augen und verhindert die Bildung gefahrlicher avaskularer Cystennarben, wie man sie nach den klassischen Filteroperationen sieht.
Sleep and Breathing Disturbance Secondary to Nasal Obstruction

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of acute nasal obstruction on sleep and breathing in eight normal persons. The subjects were randomized into two groups. One night the subject was studied with the nose open and a second night with the nose obstructed. The electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram, inspiratory effort, nasal and oral airflow, and oxygen saturation were monitored. Sleep proved to be both subjectively and objectively disturbed. The subjects with the nose obstructed awoke more often, had a greater number of changes in sleep stage, had a prolongation of rapid-eye-movement (REM) latency, and spent a greater amount of time in stage I non-REM sleep (light sleep). Acute nasal obstruction caused a statistically significant increase in the number of partial and total obstructive respiratory events (obstructive hypopnea and obstructive apnea). Sleep apnea developed in one subject during this study merely on the basis of acute nasal obstruction.
Lead contamination in backyard chicken layer flocks in California

Backyard layer chickens may be exposed to a variety of metals in the environment, including lead. The potential public health concerns associated with lead exposure prompted us to systematically screen liver samples from backyard layers submitted to the diagnostic laboratory to estimate the prevalence of lead exposure. Over a period of 1 y, we tested 1,476 chicken livers, of which 45 were found to have lead concentrations of 0.9-41 µg/g. The lead-positive cases were investigated by follow-up questions to the bird owners on the environment, general management of the flock, and egg consumption of family members. Lead concentrations in 14 pooled egg samples were determined, and a conservative estimate of daily exposure of family members to lead was made based on egg consumption. In some cases, estimated daily lead intake exceeded the recommended limits for lead consumption in children. Analysis of feed, water, and environmental samples did not identify a source of exposure in most cases. Only 34% of owners of lead-positive birds submitted eggs or environmental samples, indicating a lack of interest or financial concerns. In most cases, neither the case history nor postmortem findings were indicative of lead intoxication; without systematically testing all birds, some cases could have been missed. Our study highlights the need for backyard chicken owners, veterinarians, and public health personnel to be aware of the risk of lead exposure and undertake preventive and surveillance measures.
Personality Types of Student Pilots Admitted to the Aviation Flight Program at Southern Illinois University Carbondale

The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a statistically significant common personality type or common combinations of type within the personality profiles among 83 students who enrolled in the Aviation Flight Department at Southern Illinois University at Carbondale (SIUC). The Myers-Briggs Personality Inventory (MBTI) was the instrument used to determine student’s personality types. Basic information including age, sex, high school grade point average and ACT scores were also collected. Data collected were analyzed using a chi-square (÷²) distribution to determine whether there was a statistical significant difference between the MBTI types of the Aviation Flight student population and the general population. The study revealed several personality types and personality type combinations among the students to have a statistical departure from the general population implying that there are personality types or combinations of type of students interested in becoming a professional pilot.
Structural Basis for tRNA Mimicry by a Bacterial Y RNA.

Noncoding Y RNAs are present in both animal cells and many bacteria. In all species examined, Y RNAs tether the Ro60 protein to an effector protein to perform various cellular functions. Recently, a new Y RNA subfamily was identified in bacteria. Bioinformatic analyses of these YrlA (Y RNA-like A) RNAs predict that the effector-binding domain resembles tRNA. We present the structure of this domain, the overall folding of which is strikingly similar to canonical tRNAs. The tertiary interactions that are responsible for stabilizing tRNA are present in YrlA, making it a close tRNA mimic. However, YrlA lacks a free CCA end and contains a kink in the stem corresponding to the anticodon stem. Since nucleotides in the D and T stems are conserved among YrlAs, they may be an interaction site for an unknown factor. Our experiments identify YrlA RNAs as a new class of tRNA mimics.
Constructing Parenthood: Catholic Teaching 1880 to the Present:

This article reviews Catholic theological conceptions of parenthood within magisterial documents since the late nineteenth century and contends that presumptions about parenthood tend to arise as r...
Abstract WMP79: Phosphatidylserine-containing Liposomes Pretreatment Attenuates Neuroinflammation in a Rat Model of Surgical Brain Injury

Introduction: Surgical brain injury (SBI), exclusively attributable to the neurosurgical procedure itself may cause postoperative complications. Neuroinflammation plays an important patholgoical ro...
Facilitating the Evolutionary Modifications in Distributed Apps via Automated Refactoring.

Actively used software applications must be changed continuously to ensure their utility, correctness, and performance. To perform these changes, programmers spend a considerable amount of time and effort pinpointing the exact locations in the code to modify, a particularly hard task for distributed applications. In distributed applications, server/middleware misconfigurations and network volatility often cause performance and correctness problems. My dissertation research puts forward a novel approach to facilitating the evolutionary modifications of distributed applications that introduces a novel automated refactoring—Client Insourcing. This refactoring transforms a distributed application into its semantically equivalent centralized variant, in which the remote parts are glued together and communicate with each other by means of regular function calls, eliminating any middleware, server, and network-related problems from the list of potential problem causes. Programmers then can use the resulting centralized variant to facilitate debugging, security enhancements, and fault-tolerance adaptations (Some of the preliminary work of this dissertation is described in a paper accepted for presentation in the main technical program of ICWE 2019 [4]).
Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Human Adipose Tissue Vasculature Alters the Particulate Secretome and Induces Endothelial Dysfunction

Objective: Endothelial cells (EC) in obese adipose tissue (AT) are exposed to a chronic proinflammatory environment that may induce a mesenchymal-like phenotype and altered function. The objective ...
CaloriSMART: Small-scale test-stand for rapid evaluation of active magnetic regenerator performance

Abstract We report operation of a device designed specifically for rapid experimental evaluation of performance of magnetocaloric materials in different magnetic fields using a compact active magnetic regenerator bed with a total volume of approximately 5 mL. Other features of the system include digital control of the rotating-permanent-magnet field source and custom dual-opposed syringe pump that enable precise tuning and coupling of the flow profile and the magnetic field profile. Performance of the device is demonstrated for flow volumes between 1 and 4 mL (utilization from 0.48 to 1.9), maximum magnetic fields of 1.13 and 1.45 T, and applied cooling powers from 0 to 20 W at frequencies from 0.5 to 4 Hz. A regenerator comprised of 25 g of 200 µm spherical Gd powder reached temperature spans of 19.3 K under no applied cooling load and 2.6 K under the maximum applied cooling load of 20 W. The device also achieves a very high specific exergetic cooling power of 73 W L−1 T−1. Results obtained at two different maximum magnetic fields in the same device suggest a powerful new scaling for regenerator performance: the exergetic power quotient. The exergetic power quotient shows a simple scaling of device cooling performance with the amount of active material and the magnetic field strength. This suggests results from a small device correlate to expected performance of a larger regenerator, making the exergetic power quotient a well-suited parameter for evaluating functionality of active magnetic regenerators employing new magnetocaloric materials.
Digital Curation for Libraries and Archives

With Digital Curation for Libraries and Archives, Stacy T. Kowalczyk provides an indispensable textbook for library school professors and students on collecting, managing, describing and most impor...
Cortisol profiles and clinical severity in MECP2 duplication syndrome.

MECP2 duplication syndrome (MDS) is a rare X-linked genomic disorder primarily affecting males which is caused by interstitial chromosomal duplications at Xq28 encompassing the MECP2 gene. Core clinical features of MDS include choreiform movements, progressive spasticity, recurrent respiratory infections, developmental delays in the first 6 months of life, hypotonia, vasomotor disturbances, constipation, drooling, and bruxism. Prior studies suggest that HPA axis activity may be altered in MDS and measures of HPA axis activity may offer insight into disease severity. To ascertain whether cortisol profiles are a potential biomarker of clinical severity, diurnal profiles of cortisol and the cortisol awakening response were examined from saliva samples in 31 participants with MDS (ages 2–24 years), and 27 of these samples were usable. Documentation of a positive diagnostic test for MECP2 duplication was required for entry into the study. Samples were collected on each of two consecutive weekdays at four time points during the day: immediately after waking, 30 min after waking, between 3 and 4 PM, and in the evening before bedtime. Correlations with duplication size, clinical severity, sleep problems, and behavior were also examined. Results revealed that a majority of participants with MDS exhibit a declining cortisol awakening response (n = 17). A declining CAR was significantly associated with increased clinical severity scores (r = − .508; p = .03), larger duplication size, waking later, and an increased number of hospitalizations for infections. Future mechanistic studies will have to determine whether the declining CAR in MDS is attributable to problems with “flip-flop switching” of regional brain activation (involving the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the hippocampus, and the HPA axis) that is responsible for the switch from reduced to increased adrenal sensitivity. Taken together, results suggest the possibility that cortisol profiles could potentially be a biomarker of clinical severity and utilized for the purposes of patient stratification for future clinical trials in MDS.
Key Enzymes for Anaerobic Lactate Metabolism in Geobacter sulfurreducens.

ABSTRACT Growth of Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA on lactate was enhanced by laboratory adaptive evolution. The enhanced growth was considered to be attributed to increased expression of the sucCD genes, encoding a succinyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase. To further investigate the function of the succinyl-CoA synthetase, the sucCD genes were deleted from G. sulfurreducens. The mutant showed defective growth on lactate but not on acetate. Introduction of the sucCD genes into the mutant restored the full potential to grow on lactate. These results verify the importance of the succinyl-CoA synthetase in growth on lactate. Genome analysis of Geobacter species identified candidate genes, GSU1623, GSU1624, and GSU1620, for lactate dehydrogenase. Deletion mutants of the identified genes for d-lactate dehydrogenase (ΔGSU1623 ΔGSU1624 mutant) or l-lactate dehydrogenase (ΔGSU1620 mutant) could not grow on d-lactate or l-lactate but could grow on acetate and l- or d-lactate, respectively. Introduction of the respective genes into the mutants allowed growth on the corresponding lactate stereoisomer. These results suggest that the identified genes were essential for d- or l-lactate utilization. The lacZ reporter assay demonstrated that the putative promoter regions were more active during growth on lactate than during growth on acetate, indicating that the genes for the lactate dehydrogenases were expressed more during growth on lactate than during growth on acetate. The gene deletion phenotypes and the expression profiles indicate that there are metabolic switches between lactate and acetate. This study advances the understanding of anaerobic lactate utilization in G. sulfurreducens. IMPORTANCE Lactate is a microbial fermentation product as well as a source of carbon and electrons for microorganisms in the environment. Furthermore, lactate is a common amendment for stimulation of microbial growth in environmental biotechnology applications. However, anaerobic metabolism of lactate has been poorly studied for environmentally relevant microorganisms. Geobacter species are found in various environments and environmental biotechnology applications. By employing genomic and genetic approaches, succinyl-CoA synthetase and lactate dehydrogenase were identified as key enzymes in anaerobic metabolism of lactate in Geobacter sulfurreducens, a representative Geobacter species. Differential gene expression during growth on lactate and acetate was observed, demonstrating that G. sulfurreducens could metabolically switch to adapt to available substrates in the environment. The findings provide new insights into basic physiology in lactate metabolism as well as cellular responses to growth conditions in the environment and can be informative for the application of lactate in environmental biotechnology.
Heck’s disease occurring after Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumors in an immunosuppressed child

A 10-year-old Guatemalan girl with past medical history of Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumors (EBV-SMT) and combined immunodeficiency presented for evaluation of painful intraoral lesions. On examination, she was noted to have multiple, white to flesh-colored, soft, flat-topped papules, and plaques on the buccal and labial mucosa. Human papillomavirus type 13 was detected on PCR with PGMY primers of previously biopsied buccal tissue, confirming a diagnosis of Heck's disease (multifocal epithelial hyperplasia). We present an immunosuppressed, pediatric patient with two rare, virus-associated neoplastic disorders that have not been previously reported to occur in the same individual.
The ACS-NSQIP surgical risk calculator is a poor predictor of postoperative complications in patients undergoing oncologic distal femoral replacement

Abstract Background Distal femur replacement (DFR) has become a preferred reconstruction for tumors involving the femur but is associated with known complications. The ACS-NSQIP surgical risk calculator is an online tool developed to estimate postoperative complications in the first 30-days, however, has not been used in patients undergoing DFR. The purpose of this study was determining the utility of the ACS-NSQIP calculator to predict postoperative complications. Methods 56 (30 male, 26 female) patients who underwent DFR were analyzed using the CPT codes: 27,365 (Under Excision Procedures on the Femur and Knee Joint), 27,447 (Arthroplasty, knee, condyle and plateau), 27,486 (Revision of total knee arthroplasty, with or without allograft), 27,487 (Revision of total knee arthroplasty, with or without allograft) and 27,488 (Repair, Revision, and/or Reconstruction Procedures on the Femur [Thigh Region] and Knee Joint). The predicted rates of complications were compared to the observed rates. Results Complications were noted in 30 (54%) of patients. The predicted risk of complications based off the CPT codes were: 27,356 (14%); 27,447 (5%); 27,486 (7%); 27,487 (8%) and 27,488 (12%). Based on ROC curves, the use of the ACS-NSQIP score were poor predictors of complications (27356, AUC 0.54); (27447, AUC 0.45); (27486, AUC 0.45); (27487, AUC 0.46); (27488, AUC 0.46). Conclusions Distal femur arthroplasty performed in the setting of oncologic orthopedics is a complex procedure in a “high risk” surgical group. The ACS-NSQIP does not adequately predict the incidence of complications in these patients and cannot be reliably used in the shared decision-making process.
The Impact of the Domain Boundary on an Inhibitory System: Existence and Location of a Stationary Half Disc

The nonlocal geometric variational problem derived from the Ohta–Kawasaki diblock copolymer theory is an inhibitory system with self-organizing properties. The free energy, defined on subsets of a prescribed measure in a domain, is a sum of a local perimeter functional and a nonlocal energy given by the Green’s function of Poisson’s equation on the domain with the Neumann boundary condition. The system has the property of preventing a disc from drifting towards the domain boundary. This raises the question of whether a stationary set may have its interface touch the domain boundary. It is proved that a small, perturbed half disc exists as a stable stationary set, where the circular part of its boundary is inside the domain, as the interface, and the almost flat part of its boundary coincides with part of the domain boundary. The location of the half disc depends on two quantities: the curvature of the domain boundary, and a remnant of the Green’s function after one removes the fundamental solution and a reflection of the fundamental solution. This reflection is defined with respect to any sufficiently smooth domain boundary. It is an interesting new concept that generalizes the familiar notions of mirror image and circle inversion. When the nonlocal energy is weighted less against the local energy, the stationary half disc sits near a maximum of the curvature; when the nonlocal energy is weighted more, the half disc appears near a minimum of the remnant function. There is also an intermediate case where the half disc is near a minimum of a combination of the curvature and the remnant function.
Three Strategies for Open Source Deployment: Substitution, Innovation, and Knowledge Reuse

As open source software adoption becomes mainstream, the question shifts from whether organizations should use open source, to how organizations can best deploy and use open source. Based on three distinct types of organizational outcomes for open source use, we propose three different strategies for deploying open source: a substitution strategy, an innovation strategy, and a knowledge reuse strategy. Limiting the deployment of open source to a substitution strategy can lead organizations to underestimate the strategic benefits of open source use.
Satellite-based crop coefficient and regional water use estimates for Hawaiian sugarcane

Abstract Water availability is a major limiting factor for sustainable production of potential biofuel crops in Maui, Hawaii, USA. It is essential to improve regional, near-real time estimates of crop water use to facilitate optimal water management. Satellite remote-sensing offers multiple methods to estimate water management, however, most approaches assume a spatially homogeneous regional meteorology, which does not apply in Hawaii due to strong orographically-induced variations in climate. Canopy ground cover ( f c ) and spectral reflectance were measured over two sugarcane fields on the satellite Landsat 7 overpass dates. A strong linear relationship between satellite-based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values and f c was found ( R 2 = 0.97). Canopy ground cover was also found to be highly correlated to crop coefficient ( K c ) which was calculated from reference evapotranspiration (ET 0 ) and sugarcane crop evapotranspiration (ET c ) observations from the Eddy Covariance towers. Spatial ET 0 for the entire sugarcane plantation was determined from an automated weather station network previously installed by the commercial grower of the plantation. Regressions were used to convert the satellite NDVI to K c maps, and then the satellite-based ET c maps were created from the satellite-based K c maps and ET 0 values computed and interpolated from the weather station network. To compare with the satellite-based crop coefficient/reference ET method, ET c and K c were also estimated using a satellite-based surface energy balance technique, the METRIC model. These two satellite-based methods were correlated fairly well ( R 2 = 0.84 for K c and 0.81 for ET c ). Compared to the METRIC model, the satellite-based crop coefficient/reference ET method may be more practicable for estimating crop water use in Maui, where ground-based ET 0 measurements are available through the on-site automated weather station network with right choice of reference ET equation.
Design for Trust in Ambient and Ubiquitous Computing

Ambient and ubiquitous computing systems are characterized by interfaces so non-traditional that these are often not recognized as computer interactions during use. Further these systems may be always on, embedded nearly invisibly into physical surroundings. Thus empowering individuals to control their own privacy and security in ubiquitous computing is particularly problematic. This is further complicated by the fact that privacy is personal and contextual, while system design in centralized. In this presentation, I describe the designs and associated research methods for developing and evaluating privacy-aware ubicomp for in-home use. The project focused on integrating individuals risk perceptions with respect to security and privacy into the technology, so that choices which appear to be risk- mitigating do indeed mitigate risk. Using six prototypes, the presentation illustrates design for trust in home-based ubicomp.
A promising jail reentry program revisited: results from a quasi-experimental design

Prisoner reentry remains a significant challenge for the criminal justice system with millions of offenders returning to society each year from the nation’s prisons and jails. Employment, housing, and access to substance abuse and mental health treatment are common, often unmet, challenges for the returning offender. In response, state and local jurisdictions have implemented reentry programming designed to assist in the transition from incarceration to the community. While most of these programs have targeted offenders in prisons, a growing number of local jurisdictions have implemented reentry initiatives through federal funding. This study examines the second cohort (2011–2013) of the Auglaize County (OH) transition program (ACT), a BJA-designated ‘promising’ reentry program. This evaluation sought to determine if the program maintained its positive impact on participant recidivism. Findings indicate that the treatment group had significantly lower rates of rearrest and probation violations at the biva...
Modulation of Early Olfactory Processing by an Octopaminergic Reinforcement Pathway in the Honeybee

Processing of olfactory information in the antennal lobes of insects and olfactory bulbs of vertebrates is modulated by centrifugal inputs that represent reinforcing events. Octopamine release by one such pathway in the honeybee antennal lobe modulates olfactory processing in relation to nectar (sucrose) reinforcement. To test more specifically what role octopamine plays in the antennal lobe, we used two treatments to disrupt an octopamine receptor from Apis mellifera brain (AmOAR) function: (1) an OAR antagonist, mianserin, was used to block receptor function, and (2) AmOAR double-stranded RNA was used to silence receptor expression. Both treatments inhibited olfactory acquisition and recall, but they did not disrupt odor discrimination. These results suggest that octopamine mediates consolidation of a component of olfactory memory at this early processing stage in the antennal lobe. Furthermore, after consolidation, octopamine release becomes essential for recall, which suggests that the modulatory circuits become incorporated as essential components of neural representations that activate odor memory.
Comparative effects of substituted amphetamines (PMA, MDMA, and METH) on monoamines in rat caudate: a microdialysis study.

Paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA) is a methoxylated phenethy- lamine derivative that has been used illicitly in Australia since 1994. PMA is also becoming popular at rave parties in the United States. PMA raised con- cern when a series of fatalities resulted after its use in South Australia, where it was marketed as "ecstasy," which is the colloquial name for MDMA. In the present study, we evaluated the comparative neurotoxicity of substituted am- phetamines in rats. Extracellular levels of dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphe- nylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), serotonin (5-HT), and 5- hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were assayed in the caudate of freely mov- ing rats using microdialysis and HPLC-EC. Dialysates were assayed every 20 minutes for 4 hours after an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of PMA (2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg/kg), MDMA (10 and 20 mg/kg), or METH (2.5 mg/kg). METH produced a significant increase in extracellular DA (700%), and significant decreases in extracellular DOPAC and HVA (30% and 50%), with no detectable changes in either 5-HT or 5-HIAA. MDMA produced significant increases in DA (700% at 10 mg/kg and 950% at 20 mg/kg) and decreases in DOPAC (15% for both 10 and 20 mg/kg), and HVA (50% at 10 mg/kg and 35% at 20 mg/kg). MDMA also increased 5-HT (350% at 10, and 575% at 20 mg/kg), and decreased 5-HIAA to 60% for both dose levels. PMA produced no detectable increases in DA at dose levels of 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg, but significantly increased DA (975%) at a dose of 20 mg/kg. However, PMA significantly decreased DOPAC at all dose levels (75% at 2.5; 40% at 5; 30% at 10; 10% at 20 mg/kg), with comparable decreases in HVA at all dose levels. PMA also produced significant increases in 5-HT at 10 and 20 mg/kg (350% for both dose levels), with no detectable chang- es in 5-HT at 2.5 or 5 mg/kg. All dose levels of PMA significantly decreased 5- HIAA (50 to 70%). These data suggest that PMA, like MDMA and METH, is capable of producing dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotoxicity.