cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heat flow, strong near‐fault seismic waves, and near‐fault tectonics on the central San Andreas Fault

The main San Andreas Fault strikes subparallel to compressional folds and thrust faults. Its fault-normal traction is on average a factor of γ=1+2μthr(1+μthr2+μthr), where μthr is the coefficient of friction for thrust faults, times the effective lithostatic pressure. A useful upper limit for μthr of 0.6 (where γ is 3.12) is obtained from the lack of heat flow anomalies by considering off-fault convergence at a rate of 1 mm/yr for 10 km across strike. If the fault-normal traction is in fact this high, the well-known heat flow constraint of average stresses of 10–20 MPa during strike slip on the main fault becomes more severe. Only a few percent of the total slip during earthquakes can occur at the peak stress before dynamic mechanisms weaken the fault. The spatial dimension of the high-stress rupture-tip zone is ∼10 m for γ = 3.12 and, for comparison, ∼100 m for γ = 1. High dynamic stresses during shaking occur within these distances of the fault plane. In terms of scalars, fine-scale tectonic stresses cannot exceed the difference between failure stress and dynamic stress. Plate-scale slip causes stresses to build up near geometrical irregularities of the fault plane. Strong dynamic stresses near the rupture tip facilitate anelastic deformation with the net effects of relaxing the local deviatoric tectonic stress and accommodating deformation around the irregularities. There also is a mild tendency for near-fault material to extrude upward. Slip on minor thrust faults causes the normal traction on the main fault to be spatially variable.
Parents Are People Too: The Importance of Parental Psychological Flexibility

The target article (Kirby, 2016) proposes that we add the promotion of mindful, psychologically flexible, pro-social values to positive parenting programs. These programs intend to create more nurturing environments through the goal of promoting and reinforcing pro-social behavior, minimizing coercion and aggression, and reducing opportunities for problem behavior. This goal, the article argues, will be supported by greater emphasis on mindfulness and compassion. We agree, although we hope our comments might add to the precision and scope of this recommendation. Nurturing environments do not necessarily come naturally. As the target article notes, parenting is much more than simply addressing bad behaviors. The article argues that mindfulness will help parents avoid being reactive, harsh, or impatient and will increase the likelihood that they notice opportunities to reinforce positive steps. Compassion, it is said, will promote acting in line with parenting values, rather than reacting with parental behavior that is punitive or dismissive. The article suggests that both of these processes will be supported by a greater emphasis on psychological flexibility. These are important ideas that are worthy of experimental test, and we agree with their central tenets. Our ability to reference the literature is restricted in this commentary by journal policy, but we also believe that the existing research literature allows a bit more to be said.
Opportunities for Community Organizing in the Realm of Economic Justice and Low Wage Worker Struggles

ABSTRACTThe new upsurge in labor organizing among low-wage workers provides community organizing with opportunities to engage in economic justice struggles. Low-wage workers are organizing in many sectors of the workforce that are difficult to organize. Their issues are part of the larger discourse concerning inequality in the United States. New forms of community organizing are developing in some areas that embrace economic justice issues. However, many of the national networks have yet to become involved in issues of community members in the capacities as workers. Macro social work needs to revisit its origins and forge a new tradition that incorporates the problems that inspired Jane Addams and her contemporaries, the issues of workers and immigrants.
Visual Affordances and Symmetries in Canis habilis: A Progress Report.

This paper describes the visual system of Canis habilis, a prototype tool-using robot under development. Canis identifies affordances in its environment in terms of symmetries between itself and objects and between objects. The implementation is incomplete, but shows promising preliminary results. The paper briefly sets the context of our research in tool use, based on the study of animal behavior, describes a symmetry-based approach to identifying a limited set of visual affordances, and presents an example of the application of the system to
ESL Teachers’ Perceptions About English Learners’ Reading Motivation

The role of motivation in engaging students in reading activities and thus improving their reading achievement has been widely reported for the past decades. However, despite the increasing numbers...
Virus-Induced Flowering: An Application of Reproductive Biology to Benefit Plant Research and Breeding.

![][1] ![][1] For many crops, the benefits of traditional breeding practices are difficult to achieve because the crops have long juvenile periods that necessitate long breeding cycles, desired genotypes for a cross do not have synchronized flowering because of photoperiod or
Inhibition of endothelial progenitor cell differentiation from hematopoietic stem cells by vascular endothelial growth inhibitor

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA 279 Bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) have been shown to play a critical role in tumor vasculogenesis. It is thought that EPC mobilize to tumors and support the formation of new blood vessels, which are essential for tumor growth and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth inhibitor (VEGI; TNFSF15), a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, is predominantly produced by endothelial cells (EC) and specifically targets EC to inhibit their proliferation and induce apoptosis. Here, we report that VEGI can inhibit the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) to EPC. We isolated Sca1+ cells from whole bone marrow from C57BL/6 mice and cultured them in EPC differentiating stimuli in the absence or presence of recombinant VEGI. Utilizing flow cytometry, we analyzed for occurrence of markers indicative of EPC, including CD133, c-kit, Tie-2, Flk-1, and VE-cadherin. We observed a significant inhibition of the expression of Tie-2, Flk-1 and VE-cadherin, but not that of CD133 or c-kit, on VEGI treated cells, indicating that these cells remain principally HSC. Consistently, the VEGI treated cells retained a morphology that more closely resembled the round, clustering HSC, whereas the untreated control cells gave a resemblance to EC within two weeks in culture. Functionally, HSC-derived cells cultured in the presence of VEGI exhibit a decreased capability of adhesion and migration. In addition, while the control cells were able to form tubular structures when plated on Matrigel, the VEGI treated cells lost such ability. These findings are consistent with the view that VEGI inhibits EPC differentiation from HSC under these experimental condition, suggesting that VEGI may take part in the modulation of post-natal vasculogenesis.
Abstract 3283: Proximity of Lead Position to Site of Latest Mechanical Activation is Associated With Improvements in Ventricular Dyssynchrony and Function Following Resynchronization Therapy

Background: Left ventricular (LV) lead position for resynchronization therapy (CRT) is routinely done empirically by targeting the posterior-lateral region. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that acute improvements in dyssynchrony and LV function are related to LV lead proximity to site of latest radial activation. Methods: We studied 42 consecutive heart failure patients referred for CRT with ejection fraction (EF) 19±13%, and QRS 155±26ms (57% Ischemic) before and 24 hours after CRT. Speckle tracking radial strain (GE Corp.) was used to map mechanical activation time from 12 radial sites; 6 at basal and 6 at mid-LV levels. LV lead tip was localized using anatomic landmarks of the coronary sinus from multiple fluoroscopic views during CRT. Concordance was defined as LV lead tip matching the same site as the latest mechanical activation from the 12 radial sites. Results: Overall, group mean radial dyssynchrony improved from 253±127ms to 53±127ms (p Conclusions: Although empiric LV lead placement for CRT results in acute improvement in LV dyssynchrony overall, concordance of lead position with site of latest activation is associated with greater improvements in dyssynchrony and LV function. These observations have potential clinical implications.
Supportive communication from bystanders of cyberbullying: indirect effects and interactions between source and message characteristics

ABSTRACTCyberbullying is an increasingly common experience that produces psychosocial consequences for targets. Interventions encouraging bystanders to support targets of cyberbullying are limited ...
The Behavior and Network Position of Peer Production Founders

Online peer production projects, such as Wikipedia and open-source software, have become important producers of cultural and technological goods. While much research has been done on the way that large existing projects work, little is known about how projects get started or who starts them. Nor is it clear how much influence founders have on the future trajectory of a community. We measure the behavior and social networks of 60,959 users on Wikia.com over a two month period. We compare the activity, local network positions, and global network positions of future founders and non-founders. We then explore the relationship between these measures and the relative growth of a founder’s wikis. We suggest hypotheses for future research based on this exploratory analysis.
SIGNIFICANCE OF UPDATING SCHEMES IN COMPUTATIONAL MODELS : DYNAMICS OF NEUTRAL NETWORKS

A Hopfield neural network was constructed with relevance to protein dynamics. The dynamics of this network was analyzed by determining the distribution of first passage times between memories and its dependence on temperature. The distribution depended on the updating scheme. This illustrates the importance of choosing an updating scheme that leads to physically meaningful results in computational models of dynamic processes, such as in neural networks or molecular dynamics.
Silicon material technology status

Silicon has been the basic element for the electronic and photovoltaic industries. The use of silicon as the primary element for terrestrial photovoltaic solar arrays is projected to continue. The reasons for this projection are related to the maturity of silicon technology, the ready availability of extremely pure silicon, the performance of silicon solar cells, and the considerable present investment in technology and manufacturing facilities. The technologies for producing semiconductor grade silicon and, to a lesser extent, refined metallurgical grade silicon are considered. It is pointed out that nearly all of the semiconductor grade silicon is produced by processes based on the Siemens deposition reactor, a technology developed 26 years ago. The state-of-the-art for producing silicon by this process is discussed. It is expected that efforts to reduce polysilicon process costs will continue.
Associations between symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, restless legs, and periodic leg movements.

Study objectives Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has shown associations with restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS) among small samples of referred children, but whether RLS or PLMS are common more generally among hyperactive children has not been well studied. Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting Two university-affiliated but community-based general pediatrics clinics. Patients N=866 children (469 boys), aged 2.0 to 13.9 years (mean 6.8+/-3.2 years), with clinic appointments. Interventions N/A. Measurements A validated Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire assessed for PLMS (a 6-item subscale), restless legs, growing pains, and several potential confounds of an association between behavior and PLMS or RLS. Parents also completed two common behavioral measures, a DSM-IV-derived inattention/hyperactivity scale (IHS) and the hyperactivity index (HI, expressed as a t-score) of the Conners' Parent Rating Scale. Results Restless legs were reported in 17% (95% C.I. [15, 20]) of the subjects. Positive HI scores (>60) were found in 13% [11, 16] of all subjects, 18% [12, 25] of children with restless legs, and 11% [9, 14] of children without restless legs (chi-square p 60 and each of the following were: a one-s.d. increase in the overall PLMS score, 1.6 [1.4, 1.9]; restless legs, 1.9 [1.1, 3.2]; and growing pains, 1.9 [0.9, 3.6] (all age and sex-adjusted). Results were similar for high IHS scores (>1.25). The associations between each behavioral measure and the PLMS score retained significance after statistical adjustment for sleepiness, snoring, restless sleep in general, or stimulant use. Conclusions Inattention and hyperactivity among general pediatric patients are associated with symptoms of PLMS and RLS. If either condition contributes to hyperactivity, the magnitude of association suggests an important public health problem.
4-Dimensional computed tomography-based ventilation and compliance images for quantification of radiation-induced changes in pulmonary function.

Introduction 4-Dimensional computed tomography (4DCT)-based ventilation imaging is a promising technique for evaluating pulmonary function, but lung elasticity and mechanics are usually not part of the ventilation image analysis. In this study we demonstrate a 4DCT-based imaging technique that can be used to calculate regional lung compliance changes after radiotherapy (RT). Methods Six lung cancer patients were included in this study. Four of the patients had 4DCT images acquired pre-RT, 3 and 9 months post-RT. Ventilation and compliance were calculated from the deformable image registration (DIR) of 4DCTs, performed from the end-inhale to the end-exhale breathing phase. Regional compliance was defined as the ratio of volumetric variation and associated stress in each voxel, representing lung elasticity and computed using a FEM-based framework. Ventilation, compliance and CT density were calculated for all pre-RT and post-RT 4DCTs and evaluation metrics were computed. Results Average CT density changes were 13.6 ± 11.4HU after 3 months and 26.9 ± 15.8HU after 9 months. Ventilation was reduced at 3 months, but improved at 9 months in regions with dose ≥ 35 Gy, encompassing about 10% of the lung volume; compliance was reduced at both time-points. Radiation dose ≥ 35 Gy caused major change in lung density and ventilation, which was higher than that previously reported in the literature (i.e. 24 Gy). Conclusion Lung tissue response is diverse with respect to CT density, ventilation and compliance. Combination of ventilation and compliance with CT density could be beneficial for understanding radiation-induced lung damage and consequently could help develop improved treatment protocols for lung cancer patients.
The Obesity Paradox in Cancer: Epidemiologic Insights and Perspectives

Controversy exists whether excess body fatness (measured by body mass index (BMI)) is associated with better cancer survival (“obesity paradox”). Here, we review the obesity paradox in cancer research and discuss potential explanations and future research directions. Overweight and obese cancer patients have better survival for diverse cancers. This apparent obesity paradox may be largely explained by methodological limitations including reverse causation, selection bias, confounding, and reliance of BMI as a measure of adiposity in cancer patients. A growing number of studies show promising evidence that precisely quantified body composition can provide important prognostic information in cancer care, such that low muscle and high adiposity are associated with worse clinical outcomes in cancer patients. The term obesity paradox in cancer, implying a causally beneficial role of adiposity, is misleading. Understanding the role of muscle and adiposity may reduce the confusion and inform precision oncology care.
Lis1 promotes the formation of maximally activated cytoplasmic dynein-1 complexes

Abstract Cytoplasmic dynein-1 is a molecular motor that drives nearly all minus-end-directed microtubule-based transport in human cells, performing functions ranging from retrograde axonal transport to mitotic spindle assembly1,2. Activated dynein complexes consist of one or two dynein dimers, the dynactin complex, and an “activating adaptor”, with maximal velocity seen with two dimers present (Fig. 1a)3-6. Little is known about how this massive ∼4MDa complex is assembled. Using purified recombinant human proteins, we uncovered a novel role for the dynein-binding protein, Lis1, in the formation of fully activated dynein complexes containing two dynein dimers. Lis1 is required for maximal velocity of complexes activated by proteins representing three different families of activating adaptors: BicD2, Hook3, and Ninl. Once activated dynein complexes have formed, they do not require the presence of Lis1 for sustained maximal velocity. Using cryo-electron microscopy we show that human Lis1 binds to dynein at two sites on dynein’s motor domain, similar to yeast dynein7. We propose that the ability of Lis1 to bind at these sites may function in multiple stages of assembling the motile human dynein/ dynactin/ activating adaptor complex.
Mechanisms and Implications of Metabolic Heterogeneity in Cancer.

Tumors display reprogrammed metabolic activities that promote cancer progression. We currently possess a limited understanding of the processes governing tumor metabolism in vivo and of the most efficient approaches to identify metabolic vulnerabilities susceptible to therapeutic targeting. While much of the literature focuses on stereotyped, cell-autonomous pathways like glycolysis, recent work emphasizes heterogeneity and flexibility of metabolism between tumors and even within distinct regions of solid tumors. Metabolic heterogeneity is important because it influences therapeutic vulnerabilities and may predict clinical outcomes. This Review describes current concepts about metabolic regulation in tumors, focusing on processes intrinsic to cancer cells and on factors imposed upon cancer cells by the tumor microenvironment. We discuss experimental approaches to identify subtype-selective metabolic vulnerabilities in preclinical cancer models. Finally, we describe efforts to characterize metabolism in primary human tumors, which should produce new insights into metabolic heterogeneity in the context of clinically relevant microenvironments.
The case for gas-phase astrochemistry without carbon

Abstract Most carbon in the Universe is tied up in carbon monoxide or in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Even so, a vast majority of the molecules detected in various astrophysical media contain at least one carbon atom in them. These could nearly all be classified as hydrocarbons. However, only a fraction of the atoms in the Universe heavier than helium are actually carbon. This review will explore the past astronomical detections of molecules that do not contain carbon and will discuss the present workings and future outlooks of pure, inorganic astrochemistry. Such molecules have bonding structures that are often “atypical,” have notable spectroscopic intensities, and open the door for new chemical insights. Asking novel questions can lead to novel insights, and inorganic astrochemistry provides a strong motivation for asking the most creative chemical questions.
A Field Study Assessing Driving Performance, Visual Attention, Heart Rate and Subjective Ratings in Response to Two Types of Cognitive Workload

In an on-road experiment, driving performance, visual attention, heart rate and subjective ratings of workload were evaluated in response to a working memory (n-back) and a visual-spatial (clock) task. Subjective workload ratings for the two types of tasks did not statistically differ, suggesting a similar level of overall workload. Gaze concentration and heart rate showed significant changes relative to single task driving during the extra tasks and the magnitude of change was similar for both, while driving performance measures were not sensitive to the increase in workload. The results suggest high sensitivity of both gaze dispersion and heart rate as measures of workload across these two different types of cognitive demand.
B -Meson Ioffe-Time Distribution Amplitude at Short Distances

We propose the approach for a lattice investigation of light cone distribution amplitudes (LCDA) of heavy-light mesons, such as the $B$ meson, using the formalism of parton pseudodistributions. A basic ingredient of the approach is the study of short-distance behavior of the $B$-meson Ioffe-time distribution amplitude (ITDA), which is a generalization of the $B$-meson LCDA in coordinate space. We construct a reduced ITDA for the $B$ meson, and derive the matching relation between the reduced ITDA and the LCDA. The reduced ITDA is ultraviolet finite, which guarantees that the continuum limit exists on the lattice.
Applying Activity-Based Costing to Intercollegiate Athletics

Current accounting methods in intercollegiate athletics make it difficult for leaders to assess and understand the true cost of each sport team operations. Institutional and athletics leaders often make decisions concerning sport sponsorship/offerings, budget allocations, overall program operations, and review Title IX compliance based on information that may not truly capture the cost of each sport. Additionally, intercollegiate athletics reform groups and the federal government are calling for athletic departments to report more consistent, accurate, and transparent financial data. The purpose of this paper is to respond to the call for accounting reform in intercollegiate athletics via an innovative application of activity-based costing (ABC) to one NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) athletics department. ABC was applied to the athletic department budget report with results showing how previously established ABC cost drivers for intercollegiate athletics (Lawrence, Gabriel, & Tuttle, 2010) and reallocation of expenses back to specific sports allow for a greater understanding of the cost of each sport.
City of Los Angeles v. Patel: Amicus Brief in Support of Respondents

A hotel owner’s expectation of privacy in a guest registry is only the tip of the Fourth Amendment iceberg. The continuing viability of the third-party doctrine in an era characterized by sweeping and indiscriminate searches that reveal, among other things, the identity and physical location of citizens throughout the United States, is where the rubber meets the constitutional road. Indeed, focusing solely on whether a hotel owner has a reasonable expectation of privacy in a guest registry is tantamount to asking whether Verizon Wireless has a reasonable expectation of privacy in its customer lists. Regardless of the answer to this question, the sixty-four-thousand-dollar question — and the elephant in the room — is whether hotel guests, cell phone users, and internet subscribers automatically forfeit their privacy rights simply by checking into the Beverly Hills Hotel, calling their significant others from a Smartphone while driving on the Santa Monica Freeway, or sending an email to their best friend from Yahoo. This case presents the Court with a perfect opportunity to modify the third-party doctrine and provide greater privacy protections to citizens in an era of broad and indiscriminate searches.
Biological effects of inhaled hydraulic fracturing sand dust. IV. Pulmonary effects

Abstract Hydraulic fracturing creates fissures in subterranean rock to increase the flow and retrieval of natural gas. Sand (“proppant”) in fracking fluid injected into the well bore maintains fissure patency. Fracking sand dust (FSD) is generated during manipulation of sand to prepare the fracking fluid. Containing respirable crystalline silica, FSD could pose hazards similar to those found in work sites where silica inhalation induces lung disease such as silicosis. This study was performed to evaluate the possible toxic effects following inhalation of a FSD (FSD 8) in the lung and airways. Rats were exposed (6 h/d × 4 d) to 10 or 30 mg/m3 of a FSD collected at a gas well, and measurements were performed 1, 7, 27 and, in one series of experiments, 90 d post-exposure. The following ventilatory and non-ventilatory parameters were measured in vivo and/or in vitro: 1) lung mechanics (respiratory system resistance and elastance, tissue damping, tissue elastance, Newtonian resistance and hysteresivity); 2) airway reactivity to inhaled methacholine (MCh); airway epithelium integrity (isolated, perfused trachea); airway efferent motor nerve activity (electric field stimulation in vitro); airway smooth muscle contractility; ion transport in intact and cultured epithelium; airway effector and sensory nerves; tracheal particle deposition; and neurogenic inflammation/vascular permeability. FSD 8 was without large effect on most parameters, and was not pro-inflammatory, as judged histologically and in cultured epithelial cells, but increased reactivity to inhaled MCh at some post-exposure time points and affected Na+ transport in airway epithelial cells.
Cophylogenetic Patterns and Speciation in Avian Haemosporidians

An extraordinary surge in the number and quality of avian haemosporidian studies in the Neotropics is unveiling the complex ecology and evolution of a successful group of parasites that have a global distribution and staggering diversity. However, despite avian haemosporidian parasites being ubiquitous, many factors still limit our understanding of their diversity. First, traditional taxonomy demands information that is relatively challenging to scale up, so several molecular lineages that are likely new species remain as “dark taxa”. Second, there exists only a limited characterization of how parasites inhabit multiple hosts from a handful of censuses. Third, an understanding of the temporal and spatial scales of speciation in this group is limited by a framework built on associations and general patterns. These factors will be discussed by explaining how species are described and delimited, how the available evidence provides insight into possible mechanisms that may elucidate the staggering diversity of haemosporidian parasites, and finally, how the available tools allow us to make preliminary inferences about the time scale of such speciation processes. Although broad in scope, this chapter highlights the need for understanding community-level processes to explain the origins and speciation in this parasite group.
Teresa M. Amabile: Thought Leadership in Organizational Creativity Research

The chapter by Lucy Gilson lists the many major theoretical contributions Teresa’s work has made in no particular order of importance—making the claim that they are all important. In particular, she emphasizes specific contributions which inspired her and her colleagues to publish important insights that extended Teresa’s work in the domain of understanding the conceptual definition of creativity, the relationship between motivation and creativity as well as the interactionist perspective on creativity, and the crucial insight that creativity and innovation were separate and distinct parts of a process critically related to organizational success.
S-BEV: Semantic Birds-Eye View Representation for Weather and Lighting Invariant 3-DoF Localization.

We describe a light-weight, weather and lighting invariant, Semantic Bird's Eye View (S-BEV) signature for vision-based vehicle re-localization. A topological map of S-BEV signatures is created during the first traversal of the route, which are used for coarse localization in subsequent route traversal. A fine-grained localizer is then trained to output the global 3-DoF pose of the vehicle using its S-BEV and its coarse localization. We conduct experiments on vKITTI2 virtual dataset and show the potential of the S-BEV to be robust to weather and lighting. We also demonstrate results with 2 vehicles on a 22 km long highway route in the Ford AV dataset.
Decaborane-14 and its Derivatives

Publisher Summary Among the many boron hydrides characterized by Alfred Stock and his co-workers was a remarkably versatile material, BlaH14. Decaborane- 14 may be prepared by the pyrolysis of diborane and today this material is commercially available to the chemical investigator. This availability is a relatively new condition, since decaborane-14 was virtually unavailable prior to 1950. During the last decade, the boron hydrides as a class have been extensively investigated as candidate reaction motor fuels. This impetus has extended the frontiers of boron hydride chemistry to such an extent that boron hydride chemistry might someday become a truly major area of chemical technology. It seems unlikely, however, that boron hydride chemistry will ever challenge the chemistry of carbon hydrides in popularity or general usefulness. In any event, it is likely that decaborane-14 will play a prominent role in the future as an easily handled starting material for synthetic, structural, and mechanistic studies The present article will be devoted to the discussion of decaborane-14 and compounds, which may be obtained from this hydride by relatively simple reactions.
Quasi-symmetric designs and equiangular tight frames

An equiangular tight frame (ETF) is an M×N matrix which has orthogonal equal norm rows, equal norm columns, and the inner products of all pairs of columns have the same modulus. ETFs arise in numerous applications, including compressed sensing. They also seem to be rare: despite over a decade of active research by the community, only a few construction methods have been discovered. In this article we introduce a new construction of ETFs which uses a particular set of combinatorial designs called quasi-symmetric designs. For ETFs whose entries are contained in {+1;-1}, called real constant amplitude ETFs (RCAETFs), we see that this construction is reversible, giving new quasi-symmetric designs from the known constructions RCAETFs.
B lymphoblastic leukemia with granules mimicking acute myeloid leukemia.

Int J Hematol DOI 10.1007/s12185-015-1842-9 IMAGES IN HEMATOLOGY B lymphoblastic leukemia with granules mimicking acute myeloid leukemia Joo Y. Song 1 · Elham Vali Khojeini 2 · Denis M. Dwyre 2 · Brian A. Jonas 3 Received: 1 May 2015 / Revised: 30 June 2015 / Accepted: 7 July 2015 © The Japanese Society of Hematology 2015 The patient is a 24-year-old man who presented with malaise and severe dyspnea on exertion. He was found to have leukocytosis of 184.4 K/mm 3 , thrombocytopenia, and blasts in the peripheral blood. These blasts were medium- sized with round to slightly irregular nuclear contours, fine chromatin, prominent nucleoli, and multiple eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules (Fig. 1, left image). Examination of the bone marrow revealed extensive involvement by blasts (95 %), which also had these prominent granules (Fig. 1, middle image). Initially, the presence of cytoplasmic gran- ules favored an acute myeloid leukemia; however, flow cytometry showed these blasts had a phenotype consistent with B lymphoblasts and were positive for CD19, CD10, CD34, TdT, and negative for both myeloid and monocytic markers. Conventional cytogenetics showed trisomy 10 and 22. Cytochemical stains for Sudan Black and myelop- eroxidase were negative. A diagnosis of B lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia was rendered. Electron microscopy was performed and the granules showed a homogeneous density reminiscent of Golgi vesicles (Fig. 1, right image). The patient was treated with hyper-CVAD (cyclophospha- mide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone) for eight cycles and went into remission, but later relapsed and subsequently died of the disease. Interestingly, the cyto- plasmic granules were still present in the lymphoblasts at relapse. B lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia with cytoplas- mic granules is seen in 2–7 % of childhood cases [1–3], but is exceedingly rare in adults. The initial finding of cytoplasmic granules in blasts may lead to improper tri- age of ancillary studies, such as molecular or fluorescence in situ hybridization, when relying on histologic examina- tion alone. It is, thus, important to perform further testing, such as cytochemical staining and flow cytometry, to make the distinction between acute myeloid and lymphoblastic leukemia. * Joo Y. Song josong@coh.org Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
Energy Security and Chile: Policy Options for Sustainable Growth

In the past several years, energy security has become a primary concern for Chile, a developing economy with minimal conventional hydrocarbon resources and expanding energy needs. In 2006, 70% of Chile's domestic primary energy consumption came from foreign sources and more than 30% of electricity generated in Chile depends on unstable natural gas supplies from Argentina. Since 2004, Argentine gas exports to Chile have fluctuated between 20-50 percent below contracted volumes. To make matters worse, with dramatic increases in international oil prices, replacing gas-fired electricity with diesel has been rather costly for Chile. Through a focus on Chile's electricity needs, this policy paper examines diverse approaches to addressing Chile's energy crisis and separates them into three sets of policy responses. After careful analysis, this study recommends that Chile 1) continue with policies that facilitate the growth of renewable, alternative energy technologies, 2) begin to implement medium-sized nuclear power plants, 3) increase funding for its new national energy efficiency program, and, finally, 4) continue its commitment to import LNG from Asian countries through terminals constructed on Chile's Pacific coast.
Effect of cell division inhibition on the phosphorus metabolism of growing cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The effect of cell division inhibition on the phosphoras metabolism of growing yeast cultures is described. Although cell division inhibition was produced bv such diverse inhibitors as alpha and x irradiation nitrogen mustard, and triethylene melamine a uniform pattern in the phosphorus spectrum is evidenced which may be associated specifically with cell division inhibition. Orthophosphate, insoluble polyphoephate, and deoxyribonucleic acid phosphorus fractions decrease as the residual labile-phosphorus fraction increases. whereas ribonucleic acid phosphorus and lipidphosphorus fractions show no changes. Where changes were observed in the stable-pbosphorus and pH 2.5 acidsoluble polyphosphate fractions, these were considered to be nonspecific and not likely to be associated with cell division. The metabolic aberrations brought about by cell division inhibition appear to be related to interference in insoluble polyphosphate and deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. Maintenance of growth is reflected in these cultures by their ability to sustain normal metabolic intracellular concentrations of ribonucleic acid and lipid. The possible role of the insoluble polyphosphatis in cell division is discussed. (auth)
The Two Different Means of Achieving Dosage Compensation for X-linked Genes Employed by Drosophila and Mammals

As shown in the previous chapter, the X-linked genes of Drosophila are included in the euchromatic region which never becomes heterochromatic. The male is endowed with one dose, while the female receives two doses of the euchromatic region of the X. During the course of evolution of this insect, the dosage compensation mechanism must have developed one by one for each individual X-linked gene.
What Do We Mean by “Heritage”?

“Heritage management” comprises the many processes whereby archaeologists and other professionals “manage” impacts on places or objects of cultural importance. In the United States, these processes include “culture resources management.” Regardless of how we define it, the management of cultural/heritage resources is anything but simple and it impacts many different “publics.” Heritage management is more than a set of technical processes that operate independent of local, regional, national, or international populations. This article explores and explains conflicts concerning “heritage,” and analyzes some of the uses of cultural “patrimony” in contemporary societies
Exchanging the Business Concepts through Ontology System

The businesses reorganization by the merging and the dividing is progressing in order to strengthen of their competitiveness in the market. In the business reorganization based on cooperation the businesses activities, it is necessary to understand the terms and the concept each other. We propose a new approach that uses the interaction instead of the integration for supporting the cooperation between different business units. The concepts in the business unit are independently expressed by means of the ontology technique and implemented into the corresponding ontology units.
Solvothermal Synthesis of Tetrahedrite: Speeding Up the Process of Thermoelectric Material Generation

Derivatives of synthetic tetrahedrite, Cu12Sb4S13, are receiving increasing attention in the thermoelectric community due to their exploitation of plentiful, relatively nontoxic elements, combined with a thermoelectric performance that rivals that of PbTe-based compounds. However, traditional synthetic methods require weeks of annealing at high temperatures (450–600 °C) and periodic regrinding of the samples. Here we report a solvothermal method to produce tetrahedrite that requires only 1 day of heating at a relatively low temperature (155 °C). This allows preparation of multiple samples at once and is potentially scalable. The solvothermal material described herein demonstrates a dimensionless figure of merit (ZT) vs temperature curve comparable to that of solid-state tetrahedrite, achieving the same ZT of 0.63 at ∼720 K. As with the materials from solid-state synthesis, products from this rapid solvothermal synthesis can be improved by mixing in a 1:1 molar ratio with the Zn-containing natural mineral,...
A recommendation for training in stereotactic radiosurgery for US neurosurgery residents.

1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 2Radiosurgery Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; 3Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California; 4Department of Neurological Surgery and Gamma Knife Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; and 5Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
A semantic model of causative paradigms

Abstract Traditional and theoretical studies, both language-specific as well as language-universal, have described causative semantics with notions such as causative vs. non-causative, and First vs. Second causative — notions which are relative and which cannot be equated with any constant semantic value. This paper argues that causative paradigms must be analyzed using a model that includes a set of absolute semantic parameters.
Degradation of HMG-CoA Reductase in Vitro CLEAVAGE IN THE MEMBRANE DOMAIN BY A MEMBRANE-BOUND CYSTEINE PROTEASE

We have recently shown that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, is cleaved in isolated membrane fractions enriched for endoplasmic reticulum. Importantly, the cleavage rate is accelerated when the membranes are prepared from cells that have been pretreated with mevalonate or sterols, physiological regulators of the degradation process in vivo (McGee, T. P., Cheng, H. H., Kumagai, H., Omura, S., and Simoni, R. D. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 25630-25638). In the current study, we further characterize this in vitro cleavage of HMG-CoA reductase. E64, a specific inhibitor of cysteine-proteases, inhibits HMG-CoA reductase cleavage in vitro. In contrast, lactacystin, an inhibitor of the proteasome, inhibits HMG-CoA reductase degradation in vivo but does not inhibit the in vitro cleavage. Purified ER fractions contain lactacystin-sensitive and E64-insensitive proteasome activity as measured by succinyl-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin hydrolysis. We removed the proteasome from purified ER fractions by solubilization with heptylthioglucoside and observed that the detergent extracted, proteasome-depleted membrane fractions retain regulated cleavage of HMG-CoA reductase. This indicates that ER-associated proteasome is not involved in degradation of HMG-CoA reductase in vitro. In order to determine the site(s) of proteolysis of HMG-CoA reductase in vitro, four antisera were prepared against peptide sequences representing various domains of HMG-CoA reductase and used for detection of proteolytic intermediates. The sizes and antibody reactivity of the intermediates suggest that HMG-CoA reductase is cleaved in the in vitro degradation system near the span 8 membrane region, which links the N-terminal membrane domain to the C-terminal catalytic domain of the protein. We conclude that HMG-CoA reductase can be cleaved in the membrane-span 8 region by a cysteine protease(s) tightly associated with ER membranes.
Sex-Linked and Maternal Effects on Growth in Chickens

Abstract A study was designed to estimate the contribution of various types of genetic variation in growth of chickens using populations that widely differed in growth rate. Populations tested included a commercially developed sire line (CM), a fertility-selected, broiler-type line (FS), and the pureline Jersey Giant (JG). A full set of F1 crosses and purelines of both sexes was used to estimate the following genetic effects: heterosis due to the autosomes, heterosis due to the sex chromosomes, average line effects, maternal effects, and additive sex linkage. Average line effects were highly significant beyond hatching for both body weight and shank length, with rank-order CM greater than FS, which was greater than JG. Significant differences between the sexes within a line were observed for CM and JG line effects, confirming the existence of sex-linked factors. There was no average heterosis or sex-by-heterosis interaction for growth-related traits, but specific heterosis was frequently significant. Maternal effects were sporadic and generally of little importance beyond hatching. Additive sex linkage, however, was highly significant and influenced body weight beyond hatching. These data indicate that the primary advantages in increasing growth via crossbreeding in chickens comes from average line effects and additive sex linkage. Heterosis and maternal effects can influence performance, especially in specific crosses, but these effects appear to be sporadic and of less importance than sex linkage.
Particle Motions in a Gas-Fluidized Bed of Sand

We report measurements by diffusing-wave spectroscopy of particle motions in a gas-fluidized bed. The homogenous state of the bed known as the uniformly fluidized state is actually a weak solid in which particles are at rest. The only truly fluid state is an inhomogenous mixture of gas bubbles and of liquid regions in which microscopic particle dynamics are shown to be collisional. The motion of macroscopic bubbles is the source of particle motions in the bed. Measurements of mean free paths, collision rates, and velocity fluctuations (the ``granular temperature'') show that dissipation occurs nonuniformly in the medium.
Characterization and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Alkali Metal Sols

Colloidal suspensions of Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs were prepared in diethyl ether. The effective sizes of particle aggregates were estimated by comparison of experimental visible extinction spectra with calculated spectra using the full equations of Mie scattering. The extinction spectra of Cs sols demonstrate unusual blue shifting as particle aggregation proceeds. The blue-shifted band is assigned to the transverse resonance of a linear string of Cs particles. Surface-enhanced Raman (SER) spectra are reported for Na, K and Rb sols. Observation of an OH stretching band (3585 cm−1) on the Na sol and growth of the SER bands as moisture is introduced to the Na and K sols strongly suggest that the bands derive from alkali metal hydroxides on the metal surfaces. When a trace of D2O is present in the Na sol a new SER band at 2640 cm−1 is observed, and is assigned to the OD stretch of surface NaOD. The Raman excitation spectrum for the 290 cm−1 SER band on Na is compared with the extinction band of the Na sol. The result is found to be in good qualitative agreement with the electromagnetic theory of surface-enhanced Raman scattering.
Issues in Research Methodology

Following a descriptive review of research published in 1986 volumes offive organizational journals, this article samples broadly from published and unpublished research to spotlight eight topics in organizational research selected on the basis of their importance, dynamism and/or controversy. Where appropriate, associated problems and prospects are considered.
Effect of the presence of labile methyl groups in the diet on labile methyl neogenesis.

Abstract The incorporation of deuterium from isotopically labelled body water into the methyl groups of body choline has been used as an indication of methyl synthesis in the rat in vivo. As a test of this concept the amount of isotope appearing in the body choline of rats on a methyl-free diet has been compared with that in rats receiving choline me methionine in the diet. The animals growing well without a source of methyl groups in the diet were found to incorporate approximately four times as much isotope into body choline as animals given choline or methionine.
Boron-Nitrogen Compounds. XLVII. Some New Polycyclic Organoboron-Nitrogen Derivatives

Abstract The reaction of bis (dimethylamino) phenylborane with aromatic diamines and tetramines yields polycyclic systems of considerable hydrolytic stability.
Personal Style, Group Composition, and Learning:

Part IThis is an investigation of differences in interpersonal behavior and learning in a sensitivity training laboratory between highly person-oriented and highly work-oriented participants (identified through the Person Description Instrument III). Second, it is a study of the effects of a training design that involves both heterogeneous and homogeneous training groups.It was expected, and confirmed at satisfactory levels of significance, that the person-oriented members would be seen as behaving more expressively and warmly and that they would be more comfortable and would feel stronger interpersonal ties within their homogeneous group than would the work-oriented members. It was expected, but with results approaching significance in the opposite direction, that person-oriented members would be seen as learning more than would the work-oriented members.It is hypothesized that the person-oriented group found the laboratory a kind of psychic home without much challenge, whereas the work-oriented members ...
Now and later? The sticky question of lymph node management in patients receiving preoperative chemotherapy.

Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 444, Houston, Texas 77030 Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030 Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030