cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional Mammary Epithelial Cell Morphogenesis Model for Analysis of TGFß Signaling.

Culturing mammary epithelial cells in laminin-rich extracellular matrices (three dimensional or 3D culture) offers significant advantages over that in the conventional two-dimensional (2D) tissue culture system in that it takes into considetation the impact of extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment on the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of mammary epithelial cells. When grown in the 3D culture, untransformed mammary epithelial cells undergo morphogenesis to form a multicellular and polarized acini-like structure that functionally mimics the differentiated alveoli in the pregnancy mammary gland. This process is subjected to regulation by many growth factors and cytokines. The transforming growth factor-s (TGFs) is a multipotent cytokine that regulates multiple aspects of development and tumorigenesis. In addition to its effects on epithelial cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation, it is also a potent regulator of the cell-matrix interaction. Thus, the 3D culture model may recapitulate the complex in vivo epithelial cell microenvironment and allow us to fully evaluate the role of TGFs signaling in multiple aspects of normal and cancerous cell behavior. In this chapter we provide detailed protocols for growing mammary epithelial cells in the 3D Matrigel for analysis of signaling pathways.
Effect of Amblyomma maculatum (Acari: Ixodidae) Saliva on the Acute Cutaneous Immune Response to Rickettsia parkeri Infection in a Murine Model.

Rickettsia parkeri Luckman (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) is a pathogenic spotted fever group Rickettsia transmitted by Amblyomma maculatum Koch (Acari: Ixodidae) in the United States. The acute innate immune response to this pathogen and the effect of tick feeding or salivary components on this response is largely unknown. We hypothesized that A. maculatum saliva enhances R. parkeri infection via downregulation of the acute cellular and cytokine immune response. C3H/HeN mice were intradermally inoculated with R. parkeri both with and without A. maculatum saliva. Flow cytometry and microscopic evaluation of inoculation site skin suspensions revealed that neutrophils and macrophages predominated at 6 and 24 h post R. parkeri inoculation, respectively. This cellular influx was significantly downregulated when A. maculatum saliva was inoculated along with R. parkeri . Inflammatory cytokines (interferon γ and interleukins 6 and 10) were significantly elevated after R. parkeri inoculation. However, cytokine concentration and rickettsial load were not significantly modified by A. maculatum saliva during the acute phase of infection. These results revealed that tick saliva inhibits the cutaneous cellular influx during the acute phase of rickettsial infection. Further study is needed to determine the overall impact of this effect on the establishment of rickettsiosis in the host and development of disease.
Thyroid Hormone Acts Locally to Increase Neurogenesis, Neuronal Differentiation, and Dendritic Arbor Elaboration in the Tadpole Visual System

Thyroid hormone (TH) regulates many cellular events underlying perinatal brain development in vertebrates. Whether and how TH regulates brain development when neural circuits are first forming is less clear. Furthermore, although the molecular mechanisms that impose spatiotemporal constraints on TH action in the brain have been described, the effects of local TH signaling are poorly understood. We determined the effects of manipulating TH signaling on development of the optic tectum in stage 46–49 Xenopus laevis tadpoles. Global TH treatment caused large-scale morphological effects in tadpoles, including changes in brain morphology and increased tectal cell proliferation. Either increasing or decreasing endogenous TH signaling in tectum, by combining targeted DIO3 knockdown and methimazole, led to corresponding changes in tectal cell proliferation. Local increases in TH, accomplished by injecting suspensions of tri-iodothyronine (T3) in coconut oil into the midbrain ventricle or into the eye, selectively increased tectal or retinal cell proliferation, respectively. In vivo time-lapse imaging demonstrated that local TH first increased tectal progenitor cell proliferation, expanding the progenitor pool, and subsequently increased neuronal differentiation. Local T3 also dramatically increased dendritic arbor growth in neurons that had already reached a growth plateau. The time-lapse data indicate that the same cells are differentially sensitive to T3 at different time points. Finally, TH increased expression of genes pertaining to proliferation and neuronal differentiation. These experiments indicate that endogenous TH locally regulates neurogenesis at developmental stages relevant to circuit assembly by affecting cell proliferation and differentiation and by acting on neurons to increase dendritic arbor elaboration. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Thyroid hormone (TH) is a critical regulator of perinatal brain development in vertebrates. Abnormal TH signaling in early pregnancy is associated with significant cognitive deficits in humans; however, it is difficult to probe the function of TH in early brain development in mammals because of the inaccessibility of the fetal brain in the uterine environment and the challenge of disambiguating maternal versus fetal contributions of TH. The external development of tadpoles allows manipulation and direct observation of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying TH9s effects on brain development in ways not possible in mammals. We find that endogenous TH locally regulates neurogenesis at developmental stages relevant to circuit assembly by affecting neural progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation and by acting on neurons to enhance dendritic arbor elaboration.
Cardiovascular Connexins: Molecular Composition and Biochemical Regulation

Gap junctions are plasma membrane specializations containing channels which permit the intercellular exchange of ions and small molecules. Gap junction channels are of central importance in electrically excitable tissues such as myocardium where cell-to-cell passage of ions allows propagation of action potentials. Gap junctions are also present in many non-excitable cells (for example endothelial cells) where they may facilitate intercellular exchange of nutrients, metabolites, and signaling molecules as well as ions. This review will focus on molecular biological and biochemical studies that have enhanced our understanding of the molecular composition of cardiac and vascular gap junction channels and the regulation of the subunit proteins that form them.
The relative influence of derivatization and normalization procedures on the compound-specific stable isotope analysis of nitrogen in amino acids

RATIONALE Within the last decade, applications of compound-specific stable isotope analysis of nitrogen (δ15 N values) in amino acids (CSIA-AA) have developed rapidly, particularly within organismal ecology. Unlike with bulk stable isotope analysis (BSIA), the reproducibility of δ15 N-AA measurements has not been critically assessed. Two primary concerns include the diversity of techniques available for the derivatization of amino acids prior to analysis by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS) and the myriad of standardization practices and quality assurance procedures used across studies. METHODS We examined the relative effect of three normalization procedures, (1) internal reference calibration, (2) compound-specific calibration, and (3) scale-normalization, on the accuracy and precision of δ15 N-AA measurements by GC/C/IRMS and the comparability of δ15 N-AA measurements by two derivatization techniques, methoxycarbonylation-esterification and acetylation-esterification, across a range of organisms. RESULTS The overall accuracy and precision of δ15 N-AA measurements were improved following both compound-specific calibration and scale-normalization, as was the comparability of δ15 N-AA measurements of individual amino acids between derivatization techniques across organisms. The mean difference of scale-normalized δ15 N-AA values across all organisms between the two derivatization techniques was 0.19‰, much less than the typical analytical error associated with δ15 N-AA measurements (±1‰). CONCLUSIONS: Adoption of standardized calibration procedures will be important to establishing reproducibility in δ15 N-AA measurements, particularly across derivatization techniques. It is both technically practical and desirable for users of CSIA-AA to adopt practices in quality control and assessment similar to those outlined for BSIA, including the compound-specific calibration of δ15 N-AA values, followed by scale-normalization. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Business Groups, the Financial Market and Economic Development

Business groups are an important aspect of the industrial organization of many developing countries. This paper develops a theory suggesting that they may be organizations that facilitate economic development in the presence financial market constraints. An important function of the stockmarket is the diversification of risk that comes with specialized, productive technology. But in the face of serious information problems a well functioning stockmarket may fail to emerge, relegating the economy to a low productivity-poverty trap. Bilateral links between a firm and a group of others may be a more cost effective way to achieve risk-sharing. Such business groups may be feasible when a full-fledged stockmarket is not. As modernization takes place, either because information problems become less severe or more firms enter the economy, business groups actually expand in size before being abruptly rendered obsolete by the stockmarket. This is consistent with stylized facts from a number of emerging economies.
GIS and Remote Sensing Applications in Modern Water Resources Engineering

Geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) concepts and technologies are used extensively in modern water resources engineering planning, design, and operations practice and are changing the way these activities are accomplished. GIS has become an increasingly important means for understanding and dealing with the pressing problems of water and related resources management in our world. GIS concepts and technologies help us collect and organize the data about such problems and understand their spatial relationships. GIS analysis capabilities provide ways for modeling and synthesizing information that contribute to supporting decisions for resource management across a large range of scales, from local to global. And GIS provides a means for visualizing resource characteristics and thereby enhancing understanding in support of decision-making. This chapter introduces GIS and RS and their application to water resources systems. A general overview of GIS is presented which is followed by summary review of GIS applications for modern water resources engineering.
Recent progress in the study of the rheology of wood

The literature on wood rheology published during the last decade is reviewed. Creep, relaxation, and response to dynamic loading are discussed in relation to stress, moisture content, and temperature. Work on creep-rupture life and on wood-based materials and mechanical wood-joints is included. It is pointed out that in the future more critically designed experiments, more emphasis on quantitative information, and more work on wood-based materials are needed.
Some Eisenstein Cohomology Classes for the Integral Unimodular Group

Vector-valued differential forms are frequently used to give cohomology classes on manifolds with values in local systems. In particular, certain automorphic forms serve this purpose on certain locally symmetric spaces. Such as representation does not help in deciding whether of not the cohomology class is rational. For example the normalized holomorphic Eisenstein series of weight 2k on the upper half plane gives an elt. of H1 (SL2, Sym3k-2 ℂ2), thanks to Eichler. That this comology class is rational was proved by Deligue using weight considerations. A direct proof of this follows from the work of Beilinson and Levin on the elliptic polylogarithm.
Laparoscopic versus open resection of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: survival outcomes from the NCDB.

Studies comparing laparoscopic versus open resection of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) typically involve small comparative groups and often do not control for tumor size or stage of disease. The objective of this study was to compare adjusted survival outcomes for laparoscopic versus open GIST. The National Cancer Database (NCDB) from 2010 to 2014 was evaluated for gastric and small intestinal GIST resections. After stratification by disease stage and adjustment for patient demographics, comorbidity score, tumor size, and tumor location, 90-day mortality rates were compared based on laparoscopic versus open resection. Kaplan–Meier estimates of long-term survival were also compared. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine hazard ratios (HR) for survival. There were 5096 cases analyzed, including 2910 (57%) stage I, 954 (19%) stage II, and 1232 (24%) stage III cases. The distribution of laparoscopic versus open cases was 1291 (44%) versus 1619 (56%) for stage I, 318 (33%) versus 636 (67%) for stage II, and 286 (23%) versus 946 (77%) for stage III. There was no significant difference in adjusted 90-day mortality between laparoscopic and open resection. Kaplan–Meier estimates of long-term survival demonstrated improved overall survival curves for laparoscopic resection for stage I and stage II disease, but no significant difference for stage III disease. Factors associated with statistically significant higher adjusted overall mortality included older age (HR 1.06; p < 0.001), black race (HR 1.33; p = 0.04), higher comorbidity score (HR 1.47; p < 0.001), and small intestinal versus gastric tumor location (HR 1.28; p = 0.03). The hazards model suggested improved overall survival for females (HR 0.59; p < 0.001) and laparoscopic approach (HR 0.80; p = 0.06). Laparoscopic and open GIST resection have comparable 90-day mortality with possible improved long-term survival with laparoscopy for early-stage disease. These findings support the use of laparoscopy as a viable and potentially more effective approach to GIST resection.
Dosimetric and localization accuracy of Elekta high definition dynamic radiosurgery.

Abstract Background and Purpose With the increasingly prominent role of stereotactic radiosurgery in radiation therapy, there is a clinical need for robust, efficient, and accurate solutions for targeting multiple sites with one patient setup. The end-to-end accuracy of high definition dynamic radiosurgery with Elekta treatment planning and delivery systems was investigated in this study. Materials and Methods A patient-derived CT scan was used to create a radiosurgery plan to seven targets in the brain. Monaco was used for treatment planning using 5 VMAT non-coplanar arcs. Prior to delivery, 3D-printed phantoms from RTsafe were ordered including a gel phantom for 3D dosimetry, phantom with 2D film insert, and an ion chamber phantom for point dose measurement. Delivery was performed using the Elekta VersaHD, XVI cone-beam CT, and HexaPOD six degree of freedom tabletop. Results Absolute dose accuracy was verified within 2%. 3D global gamma analysis in the film measurement revealed 3%/2 mm passing rates >95%. Gel dosimetry 3D global gamma analysis (3%/2 mm) were above 90% for all targets with the exception of one. Results were indicative of typical end-to-end accuracies ( Conclusions High definition dynamic radiosurgery expands clinically acceptable stereotactic accuracy to a sphere around isocenter allowing for radiosurgery of several targets with one setup with a high degree of dosimetric precision. Gel dosimetry proved to be an essential tool for the validation of the 3D dose distributions in this technique.
Outcomes Measures in Hip Arthroscopy

As techniques in hip arthroscopy are rapidly advancing, patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures are becoming an integral part of measuring treatment effectiveness. The movement toward developing valid and reproducible outcome measurement tools has shifted from the traditional physician-derived data to patient-centered scores. As a result, the current standard for measuring the effectiveness of any surgical treatment is to use an outcome that reflects the patient's perspective. This review highlights the quality of the questionnaire properties and their application to the patient undergoing hip arthroscopy. Although the Modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) has historically been used as the traditional outcome measure for hip surgery, new PRO tools in the field have been developed. The Nonarthritic Hip Score (NAHS) was intended for the younger, active patient to assess hip pain and function without radiographic findings. The Copenhagen Hip and Groing Outcome Score (HAGOS) and Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) both incorporated hip related quality of life measures. The Hip Outcome Score (HOS) was developed to assess the treatment outcomes of hip arthroscopy in young-to-middle-aged individuals. Finally, the International Hip Outcome Tool-33 (iHOT-33) addresses the outcomes of treatment in young active patients with hip disorders, in conjuction with the multicenter arthroscopy of the hip outcomes research network. Among the available literature comparing PROs in this patient population, the iHOT-33, HOS, and HOOS remain reliable, valid, and consistent available PRO tools for hip arthroscopy surgery.
AORTIC ROOT THROMBUS: A UNIQUE COMPLICATION AFTER LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE PLACEMENT

Aortic root thrombosis (ART) is an uncommon but life threatening complication after Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) placement. High index of suspicion, prompt diagnosis can avert unfavorable outcome. A 67 yr man with systolic heart failure, ischemic cardiomyopathy underwent HeartMate II LVAD
Antibody-Drug Conjugates: Design, Formulation and Physicochemical Stability

The convergence of advanced understanding of biology with chemistry has led to a resurgence in the development of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), especially with two recent product approvals. Design and development of ADCs requires the synergistic combination of the monoclonal antibody, the linker and the payload. Advances in antibody science has enabled identification and generation of high affinity, highly selective, humanized or human antibodies for a given target. Novel linker technologies have been synthesized and highly potent cytotoxic drug payloads have been created. As the first generation of ADCs utilizing lysine and cysteine chemistries moves through the clinic and into commercialization, second generation ADCs involving site specific conjugation technologies are being evaluated and tested. The latter aim to be better characterized and controlled, with wider therapeutic indices as well as improved pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) profiles. ADCs offer some interesting physicochemical properties, due to conjugation itself, and to the (often) hydrophobic payloads that must be considered during their CMC development. New analytical methodologies are required for the ADCs, supplementing those used for the antibody itself. Regulatory filings will be a combination of small molecule and biologics. The regulators have put forth some broad principles but this landscape is still evolving.
The Politics of K–12 Local Control Funding and Accountability for Latinx and ELL Students: Lessons Learned From California

Historically, education scholars have underscored the notion that education and politics are implicitly and explicitly intertwined (Chubb & Moe, 1990; Tyack, 1974). Accordingly, policies are viewed...
Packaging of optofluidic microbubble resonator sensors

Optical Whispering Gallery Mode (WGM) microresonators have become a powerful tool in fundamental physics as well as significant applications. Optical sensors based on WGM resonators have shown ultra-high sensitivity levels for various analytes. Among various kinds of WGM resonators, microbubble resonators (MBRs) are especially appealing as sensors, since the optical and fluidic elements are combined into a single component. We have developed a simple, rapid, and reliable packaging technique for silica microbubble resonators using 3-D printed packaged chips. The packaged MBR offer Q-factors at high as 106 with stability to environmental fluxes such as temperature. As an initial application, we demonstrate internal pressure sensing with our packaged MBR devices. The integration of both optical and fluidic components shows potential in a wide variety of field-based and point-of-care applications.
The Study of Buildings' Thermal Mode with the Development of Actions for Power Efficiency Increase (on the Example of "Southwest State University")

Purpose of research. The purpose of the study is to carry out an applied research of buildings' thermal mode of Southwest state university on the basis of energy audit results and development of scientific and technical actions of thermal sanitation including search of expedient options of enclosing structures' warming and increase of heat supply system by thermal energy accumulation. Methods. Heat power indicators of research objects and their comparison with standards were defined on the basis of energy audit results. It was done for the research objective achievement. Possible options of bringing thermal resistance of enclosing structures to required values were analysed taking into account minimization of capital expenditure. Inclusion of warmth accumulators on transition phase in the system of heat consumption is offered. It is used for removal of heat superfluous at night from heating system and its rational use for economy consumption of thermal energy. Saved thermal energy is supposed to be used for hot water supply (HWS) in the afternoon. Integration of thermal accumulators allows to smooth unevenness of HWS loadings for decentralized heat supply system. Shutdown of the main source (heat generator) on usage time of accumulated warmth gives positive ecological effect, i.e. provides reduction of greenhouse gases emissions. Ways in efficiency increase of warmth faze changing accumulator of housing type is offered to use. Results. Development of technical actions for ensuring power efficiency and increase in consumer's quality of research objects is a result of the carried-out research. Conclusion. Implementation of developed actions for thermal protection and the use of energy efficient engineering actions allows to achieve the following results: to increase consumer quality of buildings, to bring parameters of an internal microclimate to standards; to prolong service life of enclosing structures considerably, to provide consumption economy of energy resources on heat supply due to decrease in transmission and filtration heat losses and rational heat expenses with the use of thermal storage devices; to reduce the volume of harmful emissions of combustion products due to shutdown of heat source by usage time of accumulated warmth.
Improved Methods for Simulating Live Loads for Two-Dimensional Structural Analysis of Buried Culverts:

The current AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications stipulates a “special distribution width” for two-dimensional (2D) live-load analysis of reinforced concrete (r/c) boxes and arches with less th...
Chasing Geese: on the trail of fourteen British-published copies of The Royal Pastime of Cupid, or Entertaining Game of the Snake

The Royal Pastime of Cupid, or Entertaining Game of the Snake is a variant of The Game of the Goose, also known as The Royal Game of the Goose. The Game of the Goose was a popular game across Europe from the early seventeenth century until the nineteenth century. It is widely accepted as the basic model of the simple board game in which players throw dice to race their single piece around the board. Fourteen distinct examples of The Royal Pastime of Cupid issued by British-based printers or publishers are known to the author. This paper, based on presentations to the annual colloquium of the International Board Game Studies Association at the University of Copenhagen in May 2017 and at the Benaki Museum Annex, Athens, in April 2018, offers a survey of these (all extant bar one, the location of which is now unknown), with suggestions for revised publication dates for several examples. While the main focus is on British-published editions of the game, its probable French origin is established. The earliest known French edition, Le Jeu Royal de Cupidon, autrement appellele passe temps d’Amour was published in Paris, ca. 1640, while a Spanish language edition, El Juego Real de Cupido, Otramente Llamado el Passa Tiempo de Amor, with a similar design and iconography, was published in Antwerp, c. 1620. The central design in both these editions shows three couples in an enclosed garden. Another edition, with a different design, which is copied in the earliest British-published editions, has the title Het Nieuw Slange Spel, anders genaemt Koninclycke Tytkorting van Cupido and was published in Amsterdam by Claes Jansz. Vischer, ca. 1625–1640. Some discussion of the historical background sets out the relation between these earliest examples of The Royal Pastime of Cupid before the paper turns its attention to the British published editions, setting out a typology (Cupid honing his arrow on a wheel; Cupid alone with his bow beneath a floral garland; Cupid performing rough music at a peasant dance). The paper concludes with a discussion of “rough music” and Visscher’s peasant dance motif, locating Visscher’s design, with Cupid performing rough music, and the later instances of the same design in Dutch and English prints, within a shared cultural heritage of visual and literary arts, and in shared cultural practises. The English designs however, without the cuckold and the hag evident in Dutch edition, lack the internal coherence of Visscher’s print.
Assessing the placeness of locations through user-contributed content

Previous research has argued that urban places are becoming "place-less" and inauthentic. Many local policies have also proposed to encourage more independent stores in order to restore urban identity. Others argue, however, that chain stores provide affordable merchandise and different locations of the same chain may have different meanings to an individual. The research presented in this paper uses a Convolutional Neural Networks model to extract opinion aspects from more than 3 million user-contributed Yelp restaurant reviews. The results show high homogeneity among cities in terms of the average proportions of aspects in restaurant reviews. In addition, for fast food chains, "location" is the only aspect category reviewed proportionally higher than independent fast food restaurants. An analysis of the co-occurrences of "location" indicates that the identity of chain restaurants stems from the comparison between the same chain of different locations whereas the identity of the independent restaurants is more diverse, implying the intricacies of placeness of urban stores. This research demonstrates that fine-grained sentiment analysis (i.e., opinion aspect extraction and analysis) with geo-tagged text data is fruitful for studying nuanced place perceptions on a large scale.
Proportionality in Punishment

When the US Supreme Court decided in Graham v. Florida that the Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause of the Eighth Amendment of the Constitution prohibits a sentence of life in prison without parole for a nonhomicide crime committed by a minor, it stated that “[t]he concept of proportionality is central to the Eighth Amendment” and that it is the “precept of justice that punishment for crime should be graduated and proportioned to [the] offense.” These statements make two claims—one legal and one philosophical. The philosophical claim is that justice requires proportionality in punishment, and the legal claim is that this principle of justice is central to the Eighth Amendment ban on cruel and unusual punishments. The aim of this chapter is to examine the concept of proportionality in punishment from multiple vantage points—practical, legal, and philosophical—and consider its enduring importance and persistent difficulties.
Treatment of Multiorgan Sarcoidosis With Tofacitinib.

Objective Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic inflammatory disorder that is difficult to treat. There is accumulating evidence that constitutive activation of Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling occurs in sarcoidosis and represents a target for treatment. Here we report the efficacy of tofacitinib, a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, in a single patient with multiorgan sarcoidosis. Methods A patient with long-standing multiorgan sarcoidosis who was unresponsive to other commonly used therapies, including methotrexate, prednisone, and tumor necrosis factor α blockade, was treated with tofacitinib. Results Tofacitinib treatment resulted in clinical remission of cutaneous sarcoidosis lesions and resolution of positron emission tomography avid lesions in internal organs after 6 months. An evaluation of lesional tissue and blood before and during treatment showed resolution of granulomatous inflammation and normalization of disease biomarkers. Conclusion This case illustrates the promise of JAK inhibition as a strategy to treat recalcitrant sarcoidosis and suggests that further study of JAK inhibitors in sarcoidosis is needed.
9 – Communication Systems

Publisher Summary A communication system is often a significant part of a microcomputer, and the microcomputer has many uses in communication systems. This chapter examines techniques for digital communications of computer data. Attention is focused on a microcomputer's communication subsystem, the part that interfaces slower I/O devices like typewriters and printers to the microcomputer. This is often a universal asynchronous receiver transmitter (UART). Because of their popularity in this application, UARTs have been used for a variety of communications functions, including remote control and multiple computer intercommunications. The overall principles of communication systems, including the ideas of levels and protocols, are introduced in the chapter. The chapter next discusses the signal transmission medium, covering some typical problems and techniques that the communications engineers encounter in moving data. The chapter covers the main concepts of communication systems at the physical and link control levels.
Case report of hepatopulmonary syndrome in child and review of related literature

目的 探讨儿童肝肺综合征(HPS)的临床特点及诊治措施。 方法 分析1例仅有呼吸系统表现、隐源性肝硬化相关的HPS患儿临床资料，并复习相关文献。 结果 患儿，男，10岁10个月，呼吸困难伴发绀0.5年，肝硬化及门脉高压，肺内血管扩张。诊断：HPS(极重度)，隐源性肝硬化、门脉高压、胃底食管静脉曲张。文献复习：儿童HPS发病率低，多发生于肝脏功能严重障碍的肝硬化和门脉高压患儿，仅表现为呼吸系统症状时易误诊，对比增强超声心动图、99m锝标记清蛋白核素等多种方法联合检测肺内血管扩张、分流可提高诊断率。HPS预后差，原位肝移植是唯一根治方法。 结论 难治性低氧血症及有严重肝脏疾病的患儿要考虑并发HPS的可能。
Electrically-Driven Acousto-Optic Modulators in Silicon Photonics

We report integrated, electrically-driven acousto-optic modulators in silicon photonics. Electromechanical transducers in piezoelectric aluminium nitride are harnessed to enable nonlocal phase modulation and non-reciprocal single-sideband modulation in silicon-on-insulator waveguides from 1–5 GHz.
Linear predictive coding distinguishes spectral EEG features of Parkinson's disease.

Abstract Objective We have developed and validated a novel EEG-based signal processing approach to distinguish PD and control patients: Linear-predictive-coding EEG Algorithm for PD (LEAPD). This method efficiently encodes EEG time series into features that can detect PD in a computationally fast manner amenable to real time applications. Methods We included a total of 41 PD patients and 41 demographically-matched controls from New Mexico and Iowa. Data for all participants from New Mexico (27 PD patients and 27 controls) were used to evaluate in-sample LEAPD performance, with extensive cross-validation. Participants from Iowa (14 PD patients and 14 controls) were used for out-of-sample tests. Our method utilized data from six EEG leads which were as little as 2 min long. Results For the in-sample dataset, LEAPD differentiated PD patients from controls with 85.3 ± 0.1% diagnostic accuracy, 93.3 ± 0.5% area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), 87.9 ± 0.9% sensitivity, and 82.7 ± 1.1% specificity, with multiple cross-validations. After head-to-head comparison with state-of-the-art methods using our dataset, LEAPD showed a 13% increase in accuracy and a 15.5% increase in AUC. When the trained classifier was applied to a distinct out-of-sample dataset, LEAPD showed reliable performance with 85.7% diagnostic accuracy, 85.2% AUC, 85.7% sensitivity, and 85.7% specificity. No statistically significant effect of levodopa-ON and levodopa-OFF sessions were found. Conclusion We describe LEAPD, an efficient algorithm that is suitable for real time application and captures spectral EEG features using few parameters and reliably differentiates PD patients from demographically-matched controls.
Amount of < 1Hz deep sleep correlates with melatonin dose in military veterans with PTSD.

Military veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder often complain of non-restful sleep, which further exacerbates their symptoms. Our previous study showed a deficit in Lo Deep sleep, or slow oscillations, in the PTSD population compared to healthy control sleepers. Because Lo Deep sleep is likely a stage when the brain eliminates protein debris, it is critical to find the cause and effective therapeutics to reverse Lo Deep deficiency. The current study aims to replicate and extend this finding by examining several physiological and medication factors that may be responsible for the Lo Deep deficiency. We recorded overnight sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) via a 2-channel headband device on 69 veterans in a residential treatment facility. Dried urine samples were collected at 4 time points during one day to measure melatonin, cortisol, norepinephrine and other factors. EEG data were transformed into frequency power and submitted to an automated sleep scoring algorithm. The scoring corresponds to clear spectral patterns in the overnight spectrogram but does not align exactly with traditional visual scoring stages. As expected, veterans showed decreased Lo Deep (activity < 1 Hz) and more Hi Deep sleep (1-3 Hz activity) than healthy controls, replicating our previous study. Multiple linear regressions showed that melatonin dose and morning urine melatonin correlated with more Lo Deep sleep. Buspirone dose also correlated with more Lo Deep, but only 6 subjects were taking buspirone. Also replicating the findings from our last study were independent reductions of REM sleep with prazosin and sertraline. Other findings included decreased Lo and increased Hi Deep sleep with higher caffeine dose, and less Hi Deep percentage with higher testosterone. Finally, evening cortisol levels correlated with a higher percentage of Wake after sleep onset. These results confirm Lo Deep deficiency in this PTSD population and suggests melatonin as a possible therapeutic to reverse Lo Deep deficiency. This is a critical first step to establishing a systematic sleep assessment and treatment program in this and potentially other populations to prevent future brain pathology.
Non-Contraceptive Progestins and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism: A Nested Case-Control Study of the Marketscan Databases

Study Objective To evaluate for a dose-response relationship in the association between progestins used for non-contraceptive indications (e.g., endometriosis) and venous thromboembolism (VTE). Design Nested case-control study. Setting The IBM® MarketScan® Databases include routinely collected inpatient, outpatient, and pharmacy claims data among privately insured individuals in the US. Patients or Participants Records of 45 million women aged 15-49 years old were evaluated from 2009-2018. Cases with VTE (n=21,405) were identified by validated ICD-9/10 codes and excluded for recent pregnancy, recent estrogen prescription, or indications for ultra-high dose progestins (e.g., endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia). Controls (n=107,025) were individually age-matched 5:1 by risk set sampling. Interventions N/A. Measurements and Main Results Oral progestin exposures and covariates were defined by prescription claims and ICD-9/10 codes, respectively, within 1 year before the index date. Multivariate conditional logistic regression models determined odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals adjusted for VTE risk factors. The dose-response relationship was assessed by two separate exploratory analyses. The first analysis compared new and chronic use with non-use. The second analysis evaluated progestin exposure as a weighted average daily dose. Significance was set at p Conclusion Non-contraceptive progestins are associated with increased VTE risk. This study provides the first assessment and support of the dose-response relationship. Clinicians should consider using the lowest effective dose to balance risks and benefits.
Practice before California Licensing Agencies

California probably has created as extensive and diversified a group of administrative agencies exercising adjudicative powers as any state.' They have been created in several ways." Some of the executive agencies are established essentially to perform specific governmental functions.3 Perhaps most executive agencies in California exercise some part of the sovereign police power including regulation of activities which may affect public health, safety or general welfare. Among these are agencies concerned with the relationships of business or professional nature between persons. In 1945 the California Legislature enacted a program to channel the exercise of some powers of specified regulatory agencies involving rights, authority, license or privilege.4 The act was limited to apply to the "more common licensing" of businesses, professions and occupations5 and sought to impose basic concepts of due process or fair hearing in the disciplinary programs of the designated agencies.6
Biosynthesis of amino acids according to soil fertility

Timothy hays grown with intensive soil treatments, including trace elements, (without significant differences in yields of hay per acre), were put under bioassay by weanling rabbits, only to have the high temperatures of a summer heat wave demonstrate by deaths of these test animals, regardless of soil treatments, that the protein intake (and what might accompany it) was not equal to the animal's needs. No deaths resulted in the stock rabbits in the same environment, fed on the same grain but with green grass in addition. Also, ten grams of skim-milk powder per rabbit per day prevented the death of the test rabbits as the extended heat wave permitted the demonstration. Similarly red clover hay, a replacement of the timothy, demonstrated that it also provided the protein needs to prevent deaths of the rabbits by the heat. According to the bioassays, the timothy suggests its own classification as of low potential as animal nutrition, even under extensive soil treatments growing it.
Psychosocial and behavioral functioning among pediatric brain tumor survivors.

Objective: To describe the psychosocial and behavioral functioning, as described by patient, parent and teacher, of a cohort of adolescents who have been previously treated for a brain tumor. Methods: A cohort of 32 patients, 12–18 years old, were evaluated between 1 and 5 years post-treatment for brain tumor during the patient's regularly scheduled follow-up clinic appointment at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. The Self-Report questionnaire and the Parent-Report of the Behavioral Assessment System for Children (BASC) were administered to the patient and to one of the patient's parents, respectively. In addition, the BASC Teacher-Report was completed by the patient's teacher. Descriptive statistics were generated; binomial distribution analyses were carried out to assess whether the proportion of individuals with impaired performance on each measure exceeded normative expectations. Results: Comparison of the proportion of patients with elevated scores to normative expectations indicated no excess of elevated scores on any of the BASC scales of the Self-Report. However, parents endorsed items in the areas of attention problems and leadership; teachers endorsed items concerning learning problems; and both parents and teachers endorsed items indicative of somatization behaviors. Conclusions: Parent and teacher feedback indicate some level of psychosocial and behavioral morbidity for adolescents treated for a brain tumor; this finding contrasts with adolescent Self-Report indicating no difficulties in behavioral and psychosocial functioning. The extent to which these vulnerabilities impact quality of life and the discrepancy between reporters should be assessed in follow-up studies with a larger cohort of patients.
Toxicological assessment of hexachlorobiphenyl isomers and 2,3,7,8,-tetrachlorodibenzofuran in chicks. II. Effects on drug metabolism and porphyrin accumulation.

Pure hexachlorobiphenyl (HCB) isomers induce a number of changes in parameters of drug metabolism in the chick including changes in cytochrome P-450, liver weight, and p-nitrophenol glucuronyl transferase, but not in testosterone glucuronyl transferase activity. The most active inducers of drug metabolism were 2,3,4,2′,3′,4′-HCB and 2,4,6,2′,4′,6′-HCB, while 2,4,5,2′,4′,5′-HCB produced intermediate effects and 2,3,6,2′,3′,6′-HCB was a poor inducer. All HCBs caused uroporphyrin accumulation and increased δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthetase activity, but only 3,4,5,3′,4′,5′-HCB, 2,3,4,2′,3′,4′-HCB, and 2,4,5,2′,4′,5′-HCB produced gross accumulation of hepatic porphyrins. Tissue HCB concentrations correlated well with hepatic effects. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF), a contaminant of commercial polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixtures, had no effects on hepatic ALA synthetase activity, porphyrin accumulation, or glucuronyl transferase. TCDF did produce a slight increase in cytochrome P-450, but the increase was smaller than that produced by HCBs. Also, the cytochrome induced by TCDF appeared qualitatively different from the cytochrome induced by TCBs, differing by a shift in the peak of the CO-difference spectrum from 450 to 449 nm and by the ratio of absorbance at 455 to 430 nm of the ethyl isocyanide difference spectrum.
Prenatal Characteristics of Congenital Nephrosis

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prenatal characteristics of congenital nephrosis of the Finnish type (CNF). Patients presenting with elevated maternal serum and/or amniotic fluid α-fetoprotein levels, normal ultrasound examinations and normal fetal karyotypes were included.A retrospective cohort study was conducted using questionnaires sent to all board certified clinical geneticists. Perinatal outcome, including histologic verification of CNF, was obtained.Forty index cases met the above criteria. Ten cases ultimately did not have the diagnosis of CNF, with a median MSAFP level of 7.59 MoM (range 2.7–27.64 MoM) and a median AFAFP level of 10.99 MoM (range 1.47–128.6 MoM). In the affected cohort of index pregnancies, the initial median MSAFP level was 14.49 MoM (range 3.1–38.0 MoM); the median AFAFP level was 40.0 MoM (range 2.4–80.9).MSAFP and AFAFP levels may be lower than previously recognized in patients carrying fetuses with CNF. There is significant overlap between the affected and una...
Colposcopy in the management of abnormal cervical smears in pregnancy

Abstract Forty-seven pregnant patients with abnormal cervical cytologic findings (Class III or IV) were evaluated by means of colposcopically guided biopsies. In no instance were mandatory indications for conization present. No invasive cancers were found on biopsy nor on later histologic re-evaluation. Of 37 patients who had carcinoma in situ or severe dysplasia on colposcopic biopsy in pregnancy, 25 showed a persistent lesion of the same severity on later histologic examination, while 12 showed a lesion of lesser severity. The importance of close and expert cooperation between colposcopist, cytologist, and pathologist is stressed, as is good follow-up of patients evaluated in this manner.
Evaluation of interfacial frictional properties for fiber-reinforced ceramic composites

An analytical model is developed to determine the frictional properties of the fiber-matrix interface in ceramic matrix composites using the indentation test. This mdoel includes the effect of the interfacial friction stress arising from the transverse expansion of the fiber subjected to the compressive load. Two intrinsic interfacial properties, an interfacial friction limit and an interfacial coefficient of friction, are determined for a SiC fiber-reinforced lithium aluminosilicate glass-ceramic matrix composite. It is found that, during the indentation test, the interfacial friction coefficient is more pronounced at lower values of applied load. As the load increases, the behavior is dominated by the interfacial friction limit. 9 refs.
Demagnetization dynamics of noninteracting trapped fermions

Motional effects on the demagnetization of trapped, noninteracting fermions are investigated, with dephasing time scales found to be faster than those observed in ultracold experiments for interacting cases; counterintuitively, spin-echo pulses --- a technique widely used to regain magnetization --- are found here to instead deteriorate the situation.
How the TRPA1 receptor transmits painful stimuli: Inner workings revealed by electron cryomicroscopy

A new high-resolution structure of a pain-sensing ion channel, TRPA1, provides a molecular scaffold to understand channel function. Unexpected structural features include a TRP-domain helix similar to TRPV1, a novel ligand-binding site, and an unusual C-terminal coiled coil stabilized by inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6). TRP-domain helices, which structurally act as a nexus for communication between the channel gates and its other domains, may thus be a feature conserved across the entire TRP family and, possibly, other allosterically-gated channels. Similarly, the TRPA1 antagonist-binding site could also represent a druggable location in other ion channels. Combined with known TRPA1 functional properties, the structural role for IP6 leads us to propose that polyphosphate unbinding could act as a molecular kill switch for TRPA1 inactivation. Finally, although packing of the TRPA1 membrane-proximal region hints at a mechanism for electrophile sensing, the details of how TRPA1 responds to noxious reactive electrophiles and temperature await future studies.
Two novel open-framework zinc phosphates: (CH3NH3)Zn4(PO4)3 and (CH3NH3)2Zn5(PO4)4

Two methylammonium containing zinc phosphates, (CH3NH3)Zn4(PO4)3 and (CH3NH3)2Zn5(PO4)4, have been synthesized hydrothermally from a mixture of zinc chloride, phosphoric acid and methylammonium hydroxide. (CH3NH3)Zn4(PO4)3 crystallizes in space group Pbca, with a = 14.6797(6) A, b = 10.1204(4) A, c = 16.6015(7) A and (CH3NH3)2Zn5(PO4)4 crystallizes in space group P212121, with a = 7.265(2) A, b = 13.432(4) A, c = 18.078(5) A. They have open framework structures formed by corner sharing of PO4 and ZnO4 tetrahedra with some of the oxygen atoms three-fold coordinated. One-dimensional tunnels are formed in both compounds, with the methylammonium template residing in the tunnels. There are extensive Zn–O–Zn chains in (CH3NH3)Zn4(PO4)3; however, in (CH3NH3)2Zn5(PO4)4 the Zn–O–Zn bonding is restricted to isolated Zn4O12 units.