cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Crisis of Presenteeism: Maintaining Our Focus While Harnessing Technology’s Benefits

Let me begin by stating what an immense privilege it has been to be your leader this past year. The Eastern Academy of Management (EAM) is truly an amazing organization, filled with intelligent, th...
The possible role of bacterial synergism in puerperal infections due to anaerobic streptococci

Abstract 1. The virulence of anaerobic streptococci is markedly potentiated by their association with a strain of Staphylococcus albus so that such mixtures are highly invasive for white mice. 2. Anaerobic streptococci represent the majority of bacteria isolated from the uteri of thirty-seven women with puerperal infection. 3. It is suggested that bacterial synergism may account for some cases of severe puerperal infection with anaerobe streptococci.
On Link Scheduling Under Blockage and Interference in 60-GHz Ad Hoc Networks

In this paper, we tackle the problem of minimum time length link scheduling in 60-GHz ad hoc wireless networks using directional antennas with directional beamforming, under both traffic demand and signal to interference and noise ratio constraints. Both single-hop and multi-hop cases are considered. For the single-hop scenario, a binary integer programming problem is formulated by incorporating a general interference model for directional transmissions and a Markov chain-based blockage model. Two effective solution algorithms are proposed, including a greedy algorithm that maximizes the instant throughput for each time slot, and a column generation-based algorithm that iteratively improves the current link schedule. For the multi-hop scenario, we develop a more complicated problem formulation incorporating both route selection and flow conservation constraints. We also develop an effective algorithm to solve the multi-hop problem. The performance of the proposed algorithms is validated with simulations.
Effects of colony-level attributes on larval feeding in the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta.

Do colony attributes modulate individual behavior? The effects of colony size and worker:brood ratio on the rate of worker-to-larva trophallaxis in the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, were investigated. Neither colony size ranging from 100 to 10,000 nor worker:brood ratio ranging from 1:1 to 16:1 affected the density of workers on the brood pile, nor the rate or duration of worker-to-larva trophallaxis. The demands of hungry larvae were met even in groups as small as 100 workers in worker:brood ratios as small as 1. Only when the worker:brood ratio was less than 1, were larvae tended or fed at reduced rates. Under natural conditions, this occurs only in incipient colonies. Otherwise, in post-incipient colonies, the flow of food to larvae was unmodified by colony attributes. The implications of this finding are two-fold: First, it reinforces previous research demonstrating that social feeding in the fire ant emerges from localized interactions rather than mass communication. Second, it highlights the resiliency of this weedy species. Hypothetically, colonies drastically reduced by catastrophic events such as flooding should still be able to produce sexuals.
Fluvial sediment transport and deposition following the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo

The 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo generated extreme sediment yields from watersheds heavily impacted by pyroclastic flows. Bedload sampling in the Pasig–Potrero River, one of the most heavily impacted rivers, revealed negligible critical shear stress and very high transport rates that reflected an essentially unlimited sediment supply and the enhanced mobility of particles moving over a smooth, fine-grained bed. Dimensionless bedload transport rates in the Pasig–Potrero River differed substantially from those previously reported for rivers in temperate regions for the same dimensionless shear stress, but were similar to rates identified in rivers on other volcanoes and ephemeral streams in arid environments. The similarity between volcanically disturbed and arid rivers appears to arise from the lack of an armored bed surface due to very high relative sediment supply; in arid rivers, this is attributed to a flashy hydrograph, whereas volcanically disturbed rivers lack armoring due to sustained high rates of sediment delivery. This work suggests that the increases in sediment supply accompanying massive disturbance induce morphologic and hydrologic changes that temporarily enhance transport efficiency until the watershed recovers and sediment supply is reduced. D 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Scanning-integrating cytophotometric analyses of brain neuronal RNA and acetylcholinesterase in acute soman toxicated rats.

Cytophotometric analyses of RNA and acetylcholinesterase responses of caudate and cerebrocortical neurons of soman toxicated rats were conducted to characterize impairments in regulatory aspects of neuronal metabolism occurring in the acute phase of cholinesterase impairment. There was a severe and dose-dependent suppression (20-60%) in neuronal acetylcholinesterase activity in both a.m. and p.m.-treated rats; no diurnal differences were apparent in control acetylcholinesterase levels or neuronal acetylcholinesterase responsiveness to soman toxication. RNA levels, however, were markedly higher in p.m. than in a.m. saline-treated controls. Soman depressed caudate neuron RNA contents in the afternoon, but not in the morning. Cerebrocortical neuron RNA levels were suppressed in both a.m. and p.m.-toxicated rats, although this RNA depletion was more severe in the afternoon. These results indicate that soman can elicit marked alterations in neuronal transcriptional-translational capabilities and that there are diurnal variations in cellular metabolic responsiveness to soman toxication. Although functional relationships between soman-induced cholinesterase inhibition and RNA depletion remain to be elucidated, depressed RNA metabolism appears to be a maladaptive response preventing rapid regeneration of cholinesterase following poisoning.
A vascular anatomical network model of the spatio-temporal response to brain activation.

Neuronal activity-induced changes in vascular tone and oxygen consumption result in a dynamic evolution of blood flow, volume, and oxygenation. Functional neuroimaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging, optical imaging, and PET, provide indirect measures of the neural-induced vascular dynamics driving the blood parameters. Models connecting changes in vascular tone and oxygen consumption to observed changes in the blood parameters are needed to guide more quantitative physiological interpretation of these functional neuroimaging modalities. Effective lumped-parameter vascular balloon and Windkessel models have been developed for this purpose, but the lumping of the complex vascular network into a series of arterioles, capillaries, and venules allows only qualitative interpretation. We have therefore developed a parallel vascular anatomical network (VAN) model based on microscopically measurable properties to improve quantitative interpretation of the vascular response. The model, derived from measured physical properties, predicts baseline blood pressure and oxygen saturation distributions and dynamic responses consistent with literature. Furthermore, the VAN model allows investigation of spatial features of the dynamic vascular and oxygen response to neuronal activity. We find that a passive surround negative vascular response (“negative BOLD”) is predicted, but that it underestimates recently observed surround negativity suggesting that additional active surround vasoconstriction is required to explain the experimental data.
Inspiration for Aspirations: Virginia Nurse Insights About BSN Progression

The Partnerships for Progression: Inspiration for Aspirations project was developed to create a culture of academic progression for nurses in Virginia. A survey was completed by 128 nurses who are currently enrolled in Registered Nurse to Bachelor of Science in Nursing programs throughout Virginia to learn why registered nurses pursue the bachelor of science degree (BSN) and to identify supports and obstacles that influence their experiences. Findings indicate that BSN progression is influenced by an interacting set of personal, work, and educational factors. Family support was cited as the most important facilitator for returning to school, yet time demands of balancing family, work, and school were seen as major obstacles to continuation. Internal motivation may differentiate nurses who return to school from those who do not. Determining ways to inspire nurses while implementing practical steps for enabling nurses to pursue a BSN and succeed once they enroll is the challenge for nursing service and educational organizations.
Tetrahydropapaveroline induces small granular vesicles in brain dopamine fibres.

TETRAHYDROISOQUINOLINES (TIQs) can be formed by the condensation of catecholamines with aldehydes. Their in vivo formation has been postulated as a possible mechanism to explain some long-term effects of ethanol on the central nervous system1,2. However, there have been several criticisms3,4 and reviews5,6 of this hypothesis. Although TIQ formation may not explain all the effects of ethanol, TIQs can influence behaviour7–9 and they do have transmitter-like properties: they can be formed in vivo10–12; they can be taken up and released in vivo from the adrenergic plexus of the rat iris13; they can be taken up into rat brain synaptosome fractions14; and TIQs applied exogenously have been localised in peripheral catecholamine tissues with both fluorescence13 and electron microscopy15. Thus, TIQs may accumulate in specific brain regions and influence behaviour by either acting as false transmitters13 or by displacing endogenous transmitters. Critical to this TIQ hypothesis is the demonstration of TIQ uptake and localisation into central neurone terminals. In the present study, slices of rat caudate nucleus were incubated with TIQs and then examined with the electron microscope. The results provide evidence for both the uptake and localisation of the TIQ, tetrahydropapaveroline (THP), into central dopamine fibres and terminals. This localisation may prove important in understanding the mechanism by which TIQs influence animal behaviour and any possible role for TIQs in chronic alcohol consumption.
State-level associations: An emerging trend in community mediation

State-level mediation associations (SMAs) in more than twenty states may play an important role in the further development of community mediation by addressing many of the prevailing needs in the field regarding networking, access to resources, and quality control. This chapter is a qualitative exploration into the function and range of activities of SMAs and factors facilitating or challenging their development.
Student support towards war in college students from different religiously affiliated colleges in the Midwest of the United States

This study reports on a study of student attitudes towards war. To study the impact that the type of university attended has on a student’s level of support for war and attitudes towards war a 15‐question survey on moral disengagement in support of military actions based on one developed by McAlister was given to college students attending Quaker, Catholic and public universities in the Midwest of the USA in 2008. In a survey of 395 students, it was found that students from Quaker colleges were less morally disengaged from war than were students from both the Catholic and public colleges/universities. This observation is further supported when the mean support for war scores amongst the six schools involved in the survey were compared. One of the Quaker colleges was significantly different from the other five schools studied. This school heavily influenced the comparative difference observed by school type. Finally, when mean scores on each of the 15 questions were examined individually it was observed th...
Dephosphorization of Casein by Heat Treatment. I. In Caseinate Solutions

Summary Heat treatment of 3% sodium α -, β -, and unfractionated caseinate solutions at 110 to 140C progressively released the casein phosphate as inorganic orthophosphate. Under the conditions studied, all of the samples conformed to first-order kinetics. The energy of activation E was calculated to be 28–29kcal per mole of phosphate, the same as for the dephosphorization of O-serine phosphate. Calculations of the entropy change ΔS* for the activated complexes of casein phosphate and O-serine phosphate gave a value of −5cal per mole per degree. Structurally, the molecules are considered to have been altered very slightly from the original. The data indicate that the hydrolysis of phosphorus from casein proceeds through an oxygen-phosphorus fission.
Spectroscopic criteria for wavelength shifting, fast, and red-infrared scintillators

Abstract An outline is presented of the distinguishing characteristics of polyatomic molecule electronic excitation, including internal conversion, intersystem crossing, spin-orbitally-determined transitions, and orbital character of excited state configurations, with the resultant effects on fluorescence quantum efficiency. The mean lifetime of fluorescence in its frequency dependence and the corresponding oscillator strength of the related absorption is analyzed in terms of the Einstein coefficient A21/B12 ratio. A solvent cage spectroscopic model is discussed in relation to internal torsional modes of certain molecules, as well as twisting-intramolecular-charge-transfer (TICT) and excited-state-intramolecular-proton-transfer (ESIPT). The role of the latter as large-magnitude wavelength-shifters is stressed. Criteria for wavelength-shifting, short mean lifetime, red-to-infrared molecular fluorescence are given, with special consideration of solid phase effects as a guide to plastic scintillator development.
Endothelial cell formation of focal adhesions on hydrophilic plasma polymers.

Endothelial cell (EC) formation and distribution of both actin stress fibers and focal contacts on hydrophilic plasma polymers derived from γ-butyrolactone (GBL) and n-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) were examined to determine their ability to support endothelial cell growth in comparison to fibronectin. One hour after seeding, cells adhered and spread moderately on fibronectin with the development of defined actin stress fibers and focal adhesions compared to NVP and GBL, on which the cells were spread with poorly developed stress fibers and a perinuclear localization of vinculin. At 3 h, cells continue to spread more on fibronectin and NVP than GBL, and the cells on fibronectin had well-defined stress fibers terminating with sharp spikes of vinculin, typical of focal adhesions. At this time point, paxillin, a signaling component of focal adhesion complex, was predominantly localized at the focal contacts for well-spread EC on fibronectin and NVP, whereas it was almost entirely concentrated in the perinuclear region of less-spread cells on GBL. However, by 24 h, cells were much more spread on all three surfaces with defined stress fibers and focal contacts although EC expression of vinculin and paxillin was moderate on GBL compared to fibronectin and NVP. These results suggest that EC can form cytoskeletal structures necessary for cell survival on plasma polymers, especially on more hydrophilic NVP, which could be exploited as interface material for seeding endothelial cells.
THE CARBOHYDRATE COMPONENTS OF OVINE LUTEINIZING HORMONE.

Abstract The quantitative analysis of the carbohydrate components of ovine luteinizing hormone demonstrated the presence of 8 residues of N -acetylglucosamine, 3 residues of N -acetylgalactosamine, 7 residues of mannose, 2 residues of galactose, 1 residue of fucose and 0–1 residue of sialic acid per molecule. The number of residues of each carbohydrate subunit was calculated assuming a molecular weight of 28 000.
Facilitating Social Interactions in the Community for a Transition-Age Student with Severe Disabilities:

We studied a strategy for facilitating social interactions in community settings for a transition-age woman with severe disabilities (Juanita). The intervention involved identifying a person without intellectual disabilities who frequented the same setting as Juanita, who was interested in meeting her, and who was willing to schedule mutually preferred activities for them to interact within. Results suggest that this relatively simple social interaction strategy may be one option for improving social integration in community settings for transition-age students.
The Elusive Role of the Left Temporal Pole (BA38) in Language: A Preliminary Meta-Analytic Connectivity Study

It has been suggested that the left temporal pole (Brodmann area 38 (BA38)) participates in diverse language functions, including semantic processing, speech comprehension, and naming. Utilizing the activation likelihood estimation (ALE), a meta-analytic connectivity study was conducted to further our understanding on the role of BA38 in language. Departing from the BrainMap functional database, 11 papers corresponding to 12 paradigms including 201 participants were selected. Initially, was employed as the significance level, resulting in the presence of four different activation clusters. However, when the significance level was lowered to , sixteen activation clusters appeared, including classical language areas such as Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas. It was concluded that (1) this meta-analytic connectivity study suggests the presence of two major connection circuits involving BA38; one is related to language, while the other may be involved in visuospatial and integrative audiovisual functions. Furthermore, (2) BA38 also contributes to various brain networks supporting linguistic processes related not only to language comprehension but also to language production.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND CARRIER LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS IN HIGH VOLTAGE 4H-SIC PIN DIODES

The key material and device parameters governing the electrical performance of high voltage 4H-SiCPiN diodes have been investigated using experimental results and numerical simulations. Reverse recovery characteristics show an increase in both carrier lifetime and anode injection efficiency at elevated temperature. Open circuit voltage decay measurements are used to estimate carrier lifetimes (τ≈0.6μs at T=25°C increasing to τ≈2μs at T=225°C) that are comparable to values measured on starting material prior to fabrication using micro-wave photoconductivity decay techniques.
Inhibitory interaction between visual pathways tuned to different orientations.

Abstract When subjects judge the orientation of a single line presented at threshold luminance, their performance conforms to predictions derived from psychophysical estimates of receptive field properties. When subjects detect stimuli which simultaneously activate channels tuned to two different orientations, performance falls below that expected from receptive field properties. The discrepancy is attributed to inhibition between channels tuned to different orientations. Such inhibition appears to be strongest when the orientations differ by 15–25°.
Outpatient adverse drug events identified by screening electronic health records.

Objectives:Relatively little is known about rates of outpatient adverse drug events (ADEs), and most health systems do not routinely identify them. We developed a computerized ADE measurement process and used it to detect ADEs from electronic health records and then categorized them according to typ
Titanium Dioxide - Surfactant Mesophases and Ti-TMS1

Several attempted syntheses of Ti-TMS1, a hexagonal mesoporous TiO2 reported by Antonelli and Ying, have resulted in a lamellar structure as determined by two-dimensional powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Regions of partially calcined lamellar materials, when observed by TEM can be mistaken for hexagonal material. In no cases are specimens produced that were unambiguously hexagonal. It is concluded that the hexagonal material exists, if at all, only as a minor component of a larger lamellar structure when phosphate surfactants are used. Ti-TMS1 therefore remains elusive.
Configurable Compliance for Series Elastic Actuators

Variable compliance has been a growing topic of interest in legged robotics due to recent studies showing that animals adjust their leg and joint stiffness to adjust their natural dynamics and to accommodate changes in their environment. However, existing designs add significant weight, size, and complexity. Series Elastic Actuators, on the other hand, are designed with a set stiffness usually tuned for actuator performance. We propose a new concept for implementing a physical spring in series with a linear SEA using a cantilevered spring. A movable pivot is used to adjust the stiffness by changing the effective length of the cantilever. While the proposed design does not allow for variable compliance, it does retain many of the benefits of passive spring elements such as absorbing impacts, storing energy, and enabling force control. The primary advantage of the design is the ability to adjust the stiffness of each joint individually without the increased weight and complexity of variable stiffness designs. This paper introduces the motivation for configurable compliance, describes the proposed design concept, explains the design methods, and presents experimental data from a completed prototype.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Influence of Selected Oven and Endpoint Temperatures upon the Ultrastructure of Turkey Meat

Abstract The influence of selected oven and endpoint temperatures upon the ultrastructure of turkey meat was evaluated by scanning and transmission electron micrographs. Increasing endpoint and decreasing oven temperatures influenced turkey meat as shown by increased fiber shrinkage, increased ultrastructure disintegration, and decreased clumping on the fiber surface.
Individual Differences in Selective Attention to Information Graphics in Televised Sports

Despite the ubiquitous presence of information graphics in sport telecasts, little research has explored how at-home spectators allocate attention to them or individual differences in selective att...
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF LAMINAR FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER FOR LIQUID JET IMPINGEMENT COOLING OF A CIRCULAR HEAT SOURCE WITH ANNULAR COLLECTION OF THE SPENT FLUID

Axisymmetric, laminar jet impingement cooling of a circular heat source has been simulated under conditions for which discharge of the spent fluid may influence heat transfer from the source. The simulation specifically addresses an annular configuration for which the jet is discharged from a circular tube and, after impingement, is redirected 180° to exit through an annular passage. The flow is strongly influenced by two recirculation zones located adjacent to the jet and in the corner formed by intersection of the outer wall of the annulus with the heater/substrate surface. For jet velocity profiles that are parabolic or uniform, respectively, the radial distribution of the local Nusselt number is characterized by a local maximum or minimum at the stagnation point. If the outer wall of the annulus intersects the outer edge of the heater, the Nusselt number exhibits a local maximum near the edge, irrespective of the jet velocity profile. Parametric calculations have been performed to assess the effects o...
Coherent interference effects in SIEM and CBED

Abstract The coherent convergent incident beam produced by the field emission gun of a STEM instrument allows the observation of a number of unusual interference effects in the shadow images (SIEM) and convergent beam diffraction (CBED) patterns visible on the detector plane. Shadow images of thin crystals display the electron Ronchigrams having a form sensitive to the defocus and aberrations of the objective lens. For large crystal lattice spacings the Ronchigrams show characteristic ellipses of low contrast. CBED patterns of thin crystals show symmetries and intensities which vary with the position of the incident beam within the unit cell. Discontinuities in the specimen such as the edges of crystals show striking Fresnel diffraction effects in SIEM. In CBED patterns they give rise to the splitting of diffraction spots. If the incident beam is parallel to a smooth face of a small crystal the potential field outside the crystal gives rise to strong refraction effects.
Invertase activity and cell growth in lentil epicotyls.

The activity of invertase and its relation to growth were studied in the epicotyls of lentil seedlings incubated in the presence and absence of gibberellic acid (GA(3)).Invertase activity per epicotyl increases relatively more rapidly than does length, reaches a maximum during most active elongation, and declines upon cessation of growth.GA(3) enhances both growth and increase in invertase activity, without altering the kinetics of the 2 processes. If GA(3) is added during incubation invertase activity increases more rapidly than does elongation rate.Incubation of the seedlings in solutions of polyethyleneglycol inhibits the increase of both growth and invertase activity, the latter actually undergoing a decline, but causes no great change in the relative effect of GA(3). In presence of polyethyleneglycol GA(3) has however a relatively greater effect on invertase activity than on growth.Sugars in the incubation medium have no significant effect on growth and invertase activity in the epicotyl, except inhibition at relatively high concentrations.Cycloheximide, actinomycin D, and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUDR) inhibit both growth and the increase in invertase activity. Added during incubation cycloheximide causes complete inhibition of growth and a decrease in invertase activity with no appreciable lag phase. With actinomycin D and FUDR the inhibition occurs after lag periods of 2 to 3 and of at least 10 hours, respectively. Thus the increase in enzyme activity is very probably based on de-novo synthesis, and the enzyme is in a state of turnover during growth.The enzyme is present in soluble form in the cytoplasm, not firmly bound to any cell structures.
Structural study of homeodomain protein-DNA complexes using a homology modeling approach.

Abstract The homeodomain is a conserved protein motif that binds to DNA and plays a central role in gene regulation. We use homeodomain as a model system to study the specific interactions between protein and DNA in a complex. Following the fundamental concept of homology modeling, we have developed an algorithm for predicting structures of both protein and DNA using the known structure of a similar complex as the template. The accuracies of the algorithm in predicting the complex structures are evaluated when two of the homeodomain protein-DNA complexes with known structures (antennapedia and MAT α2) are selected as test systems. This algorithm allows structural studies of homeodomain binds to DNA with different sequences.
Large eigenvalues and trace formulas for matrix Sturm-Liouville problems

This work describes the location of large eigenvalues for Sturm--Liouville operators with matrix coefficients. Eigenvalue asymptotics of arbitrary order are characterized for operators with smooth coefficients and "elementary" boundary conditions. In addition, an effective method is given for computing traces of these operators. These techniques are employed to verify a previously conjectured trace formula.
Region-Specific Regulation and Cortisone Induction of Glycosyltransferases Expression in the Developing Intestine

Region-Specific Regulation and Cortisone Induction of Glycosyltransferases Expression in the Developing Intestine
Selective versus total insulin resistance: a pathogenic paradox.

Mice with type 2 diabetes manifest selective hepatic insulin resistance: insulin fails to suppress gluconeogenesis but continues to activate lipogenesis, producing the deadly combination of hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia. In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Biddinger et al. (2008) show that mice with total hepatic insulin resistance exhibit hyperglycemia without hypertriglyceridemia—a state paradoxically less severe than selective insulin resistance.
Cathelicidin suppresses colon cancer development by inhibition of cancer associated fibroblasts

Background Cathelicidin (LL-37 in humans and mCRAMP in mice) represents a family of endogenous antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory peptides. Cancer-associated fibroblasts can promote the proliferation of colon cancer cells and growth of colon cancer tumors.
Brief communication: a study of the predictive accuracy of mandibular ramus flexure as a singular morphologic indicator of sex in an archaeological sample.

Loth and Henneberg ([1996] Am J Phys Anthropol 99:473-485) assert that they have discovered a single morphologic indicator of sexual dimorphism in the human mandible that rivals the predictive accuracy of the complete pelvis at 94.2% for all samples (99% for healthy samples). To test the accuracy of their method, mandibles (n = 150) from the Tepe Hissar collection were assessed for the presence or absence of mandibular ramus flexure. These results were then compared to a separate sex assessment based on morphologic indicators from the corresponding skull and innominates (where possible) to yield an overall accuracy of only 78.2%. As a means of independent assessment, the mandibular results were also compared with Krogman's ([1940] Racial Types from Tepe Hessar, Iran, from late fifth to early second millennium, BC. Amsterdam : Koninkliijke Nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen) assessment of sex based on craniofacial measurements and morphologic indicators from the skull. This comparison produced an even lower accuracy of 67.2%. Such results question the predictive potential of mandibular ramus flexure as a single indicator of sexual dimorphism and suggest caution when applying this method, especially in the case of fragmentary forensic and fossil remains.
Arginine Methylation of RNA Helicase A Determines Its Subcellular Localization

RNA helicase A (RHA) undergoes nuclear translocation via a classical import mechanism utilizing karyopherin beta. The nuclear transport domain (NTD) of RHA is known to be necessary and sufficient for its bi-directional nuclear trafficking. We report here that arginine methylation is a novel requirement for NTD-mediated nuclear import. Nuclear translocation of glutathione S-transferase (GST)-NTD fusion proteins is abrogated by arginine-methylation inhibitors. However, in vitro arginine-methylation of GST-NTD prior to injection allows the fusion protein to localize to the nucleus in the presence of methylation inhibitors. Removal of the arginine-rich C-terminal region negates the effects of the methylation inhibitors on NTD import, suggesting that methylation of the NTD C terminus the relieves the cytoplasmic retention of RHA. The NTD physically interacts with PRMT1, the major protein arginine methyltransferase. These findings provide evidence for a novel arginine methylation-dependent regulatory pathway controlling the nuclear import of RHA.
Public Administration Ethics: A Postmodern Perspective

Public administration ethics today is dominated by two distinct ethical frameworks: the bureaucratic ethos, which stresses efficiency and strict obedience to elected officials, and the democratic ethos, which stresses adherence to certain higher order moral principles embedded in the notion of democratic government. Both the bureaucratic and democratic ethos are foundational in that each is based on the search for certain universal or quasi-universal principles thought to imply moral obligation, from which ethical behavior may be deduced or judged. The authors argue that public administration ought to consider a third, or “postmodern,” approach to administrative ethics, one that is dialogic rather than foundational. The dialogic approach begins with the question of ontology, or in other words, the question of being. By considering the shortcomings of foundational approaches to administrative ethics and taking seriously a dialogic approach, public administration can better understand the limitations of its...
Bayesian Estimation of Life Parameters in the Weibull Distribution

This paper develops a Bayesian analysis of the scale and shape parameters in the Weibull distribution and the corresponding reliability function with respect to the usual life-testing procedures. For the scale parameter I¸, Bayesian estimates of I¸ and reliability are obtained for the uniform, exponential, and inverted gamma prior probability densities. Bhattacharya's results [J. Am. Stat. Assn. 62, 48-62 1967] for the one-parameter exponential life-testing distribution are reduced to a special case of these results. The paper develops a fully Bayesian analysis of both the scale and shape parameters I¸ and I¾ by assuming independent prior distributions; since in the latter case, analytical tractability is not possible, Bayesian estimates are obtained through a conjunction of a Monte Carlo simulation and numerical-integration techniques. In both cases, the paper carries out a computer simulation and makes a comparison between the Bayesian and the corresponding minimum-variance unbiased, or maximum likelihood, estimates. As expected, the Bayesian estimates are superior.
Synthesis of the enantiomer of the oxysterol-antagonist LY295427

Cellular cholesterol homeostasis is regulated by oxygenated cholesterol metabolites called oxysterols. While the importance of oxysterols in the acute regulation of cholesterol homeostasis is known, the precise molecular mechanisms through which oxysterols exert their effects remain to be elucidated. LY295427 (1) is a known antagonist of the cholesterol-homeostatic effects of 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC), a biologically active oxysterol. In order to examine the mechanism of action of this antagonism, and to further explore recent evidence suggesting that the membrane effects of 25-HC contribute to acute cholesterol regulation, we synthesized the enantiomer of LY295427 (ent-LY295427). ent-LY295427 (2) will serve as a unique probe to provide insight into the role of transcription-independent mechanisms in regulation of cholesterol homeostasis.
Deoxyguanosine toxicity in a mouse T lymphoma: Relationship to purine nucleoside phosphorylase-associated immune dysfunction

Abstract The absence of either of the enzymes adenosine deaminase (ADA) or purine nucleoside phosphorylase is associated with an immunodeficiency disease. Because all four nucleoside substrates of the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase accumulate in the urine of patients who lack this enzyme (Cohen et al., 1976), we examined the toxicity of each of the four substrates using a mouse T cell lymphoma (S49) in continuous culture. Of the four substrates (inosine, deoxyinosine, guanosine and deoxyguanosine), only deoxyguanosine is cytotoxic at concentrations lower than 100 μM; furthermore, only deoxyguanosine is directly phosphorylated in S49 cells. Mutant S49 cells lacking deoxycytidine kinase (EC 2.7.1.74) are resistant to the toxic effects of deoxyguanosine, and these same mutants do not phosphorylate deoxyguanosine. Thus the cytotoxicity of exogenous deoxyguanosine correlates with the intracellular concentration of accumulated deoxyGTP. The addition of deoxyguanosine results in the depletion of deoxyCTP in S49 cells, indicating that deoxyGTP is an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase. Furthermore, the addition of deoxycytidine prevents the toxic effects of deoxyguanosine. Thus a therapy for purine nucleoside phosphorylase-deficient patients might include deoxycytidine to alleviate the proposed deoxyCTP starvation in those tissues capable of phosphorylating deoxyguanosine.
Current Division in Plane-Electrode Triodes

In this paper a law of primary-current division between a positive grid and plate which is believed to be more accurate than those previously presented is deduced from a study of the electron paths within the tube. It is found that the ratio of plate to grid current may be expressed in the form i p /i g = (L + Me p /e g )/(P —Qe p / e g ): When plotted on logarithmic paper against e p /e g the curve of the ratio i p /i g has a slope varying between ¼ and ¾ and assuming the slope of ½ over a considerable range. This provides a theoretical justification for the previously observed form, (i p /i g ) = δ(e p /e g ).½The effective grid area for the condition of equal positive grid and plate voltages is found to vary between 120 and 180 per cent of the actual grid area for ordinary triodes. The effective grid area in terms of the electrode dimensions is conveniently expressed by means of a nomograph as is also the current-division factor. By means of these nomographs the essential factors related to positive grid currents may be rapidly determined for any tube. An excellent check between the predicted and measured currentdivision law was obtained. Measured and observed values checked within two or three per cent for all factors.
Inorganic Proton Exchange Membranes

Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs) offer advantages from quick refills to the elimination of recharge times. They show the most potential in efficient chemical to electrical energy conversion, but currently one major source of inefficiency within the DMFC system is the electrolyte allowing fuel to cross over from the anode to cathode. Proprietary DuPont™ Nafion® 117 has been the standard polymer electrolyte thus far for all meso-scale direct methanol power conversion systems, and its shortcomings consist primarily of slow anodic reaction rates and fuel crossover resulting in lower voltage generation or mixed potential. Porous Silicon (P-Si) is traditionally used in photovoltaic and photoluminescence applications but rarely used as a mechanical filter or membrane. This research deals with investigations into using P-Si as a functioning electrolyte to transfer ions from the anode to cathode of a DMFC and the consequences of stacking multiple layers of anodes. Porous silicon was fabricated in a standard Teflon cylindrical cell by an anodization process which varied the current density to etch and electro-polish the silicon membrane. The result was a porous silicon membrane with approximately 1.5 μm pore sizes when optically characterized by a scanning electron microscope. The porous membranes were then coated in approximately 0.2 mg/cm2 Pt-Ru catalyst with a 10% Nafion® solution binding agent onto the anode. Voltage versus current data shows an open circuit voltage (OCV) of 0.25V was achieved with one layer when operating at 20°C. When adding a second porous silicon layer, the OCV was raised to approximately 0.32V under the same conditions. The experimental data suggested that the current collected also increased with an additional identical layer of anode prepared the same way. The single difference was that the air cathode side was surface treated with 0.1 mg of Pt black catalyst combined with a 10% Nafion® binding agent to aid in the recombination of hydrogen atoms to form the water byproduct. Porous silicon endurance runs with 2ml of 3% by volume methanol (0.7425M) fuel dissolved in water showed an operating voltage was generated for approximately 3 hours before the level dropped to approximately 65% of the 0.25V maximum voltage. Endurance runs with a second layer added extended the useful cell life to approximately 5 hours under the same conditions. In an effort to quantify these layering results, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry was conducted on a number of samples to verify decreased methanol concentration present in the second layer.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Impingement Cooling of Electronics

Experiments were conducted to determine the performance of a system of low-velocity air jets used to cool a simulated electronics package. The test model consisted of a uniform array of rectangular elements mounted to a circuit board. Each element was cooled by a cluster of four jets, and the spent fluid was vented at one end of the channel formed between the circuit board and the plate from which the jets were discharged. Reported are measurements of system pressure drop and convective heat transfer coefficients for elements at various sites within the array. Results indicate that (for the geometry tested) the largest portion of the total pressure drop occurs across the jet orifices. Further, the crossflow of spent air appears to enhance heat transfer for those elements near the exit end of the channel.
Quantifying the reduction in emissions of oxides of nitrogen due to residential dynamic pricing

Residential consumers exposed to dynamic pricing, or prices that vary with the market value of electricity, have been shown to consistently shift electricity demand during high price periods. Our research hypothesizes that oxides of nitrogen, (NO x ), will also be reduced with the implementation of dynamic pricing. To test this we modeled the New York State grid under baseline and dynamic pricing scenarios using GE MAPS, a complex production simulation model of the New York and surrounding power control areas. The dynamic pricing scenario was created using a top-down model of how dynamic pricing affects hourly loads. Results show that in New York City NO x emissions are reduced by approximately 8%, or 171 tonnes, over the ozone season. Reductions in NO x emissions are attributable to an increased utilization of less polluting generators and decreased utilization of peaking generators. Other cities show different trends due to different generation mixes and transmission constraints.
Proton inventory of the water-catalyzed hydrolysis of p-nitrotrifluoroacetanilide

Abstract A proton inventory study was made of the water-catalyzed hydrolysis of p -nitrotrifluoro-acetanilide at pH 4.0, 70°C. Multiple protons in the transition state were demonstrated; although two or three protons were shown to be involved, they were not distinguishable. Neither imidazolyl cation nor acetic acid catalyzed the water-catalyzed hydrolysis. The water-catalyzed hydrolysis proceeds through acid catalysis by a water molecule of the breakdown of the tetrahedral intermediate between the anilide and another water molecule. Acid catalysis by the first water molecule is probably assisted by proton transfer from the second water molecule.
Jets from two-dimensional symmetric nozzles of arbitrary shape

A unified approach to the problem of jet efflux from symmetrical channels of finite width and possessing a general curvilinear nozzle shape is presented. The nozzle may be composed of polygonal and/or curved-arc segments. Precise nozzle shapes cannot be initially prescribed, however. The solution is based on the combined use of conformal mapping and the Riemann-Hilbert solution to a mixed boundary-value problem. The selection of an appropriate curvature function is described; examples show possible applications.
Quantification of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome in 487 alcoholic patients

While the alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is frequently encountered in a number of medical settings, its clinical management is inconsistent. Appropriate management of the AWS can be enhanced by objectively quantifying principal symptoms. The modified or Milwaukee Selective Severity Assessment (MSSA) measures 10 symptoms of the AWS, providing clinicians with a quantitative indication of the syndrome's severity. The MSSA was administered to 487 successively admitted alcoholics entering an inpatient chemical dependency treatment center. The MSSA was used to evaluate the severity, monitor progression, and determine efficacy of treatment of the AWS. The MSSA aided clinicians in deciding which patients required pharmacologic intervention for their AWS. Two groups of patients are described: 435 whose AWS was not judged to be severe enough to require medication, and 52 whose AWS was sufficiently severe to warrant pharmacologic intervention. The MSSA allowed clinicians to accurately identify patients requiring pharmacologic intervention of the AWS: only 10.6% of 487 hospitalized alcoholics required pharmacotherapy. The MSSA is a convenient, effective, and efficient tool for monitoring the AWS.
Family Economic Strategies in Nineteenth-and Early Twentieth-Century Indianapolis

Through cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of two samples of families living in Indianapolis from 1860 to 1880 and from 1900 to 1920, I test several hypotheses on how families adjusted their use of three income-generating strategies (wives' employment, children's employment, and taking in boarders) to their social, economic and demographic milieu as well as to their changing needs and opportunities as they moved through the family life cycle. The bulk of families in both periods used at least one of these strategies at some point, relying on strategies of wives early in the life cycle and/or strategies of children later. Relative to families in the post-1860 period, families after the turn of the century relied more on the paid work of wives and daughters and less on boarding and sons' employment as sources of income.
Heterogeneous Electron-Transfer Kinetics for Ruthenium and Ferrocene Redox Moieties through Alkanethiol Monolayers on Gold

The standard heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constants between substrate gold electrodes and either ferrocene or pentaaminepyridine ruthenium redox couples attached to the electrode surface by various lengths of an alkanethiol bridge as a constituent of a mixed self-assembled monolayer were measured as a function of temperature. The ferrocene was either directly attached to the alkanethiol bridge or attached through an ester (CO2) linkage. For long bridge lengths (containing more than 11 methylene groups) the rate constants were measured using either chronoamperometry or cyclic voltammetry; for the shorter bridges, the indirect laser induced temperature jump technique was employed to measure the rate constants. Analysis of the distance (bridge length) dependence of the preexponential factors obtained from an Arrhenius analysis of the rate constant versus temperature data demonstrates a clear limiting behavior at a surprisingly small value of this preexponential factor (much lower than would be expect...
Note: Minimum broadcast tree decompositions

Recursive constructions for decomposing the complete directed graph D"n into minimum broadcast trees of order n are given, thereby showing the existence of such decompositions for all n. Such decompositions can be used for a routing system in a network where every participant has the ability to broadcast a message to the group; as each arc is used in only one tree, a participant's further actions upon receipt of a message depend only on its sender, and so all routing information can be stored locally rather than in the message itself.
Commitment in same-sex love relationships

This study sought to desribe and compare commitment structures among lesbian and gay male living-together relationships, and to develop an instrument which would measure different dimensions of commitment among gay dyads without some heterosexual biases inherent in traditional measures of interpersonal commitment. Questionnaire data collected from 32 lesbians and 50 gay males who had lived together for at least six months were factor analyzed, yielding three factors: (1) intradyadic commitment, (2) extradyadic commitment, and (3) commitment-as-trust. On all three of these indices the lesbians scored somewhat higher than did the gay males, but in fact there were surprisingly few significant differences between the gay men and the lesbians. Suggestions in the data that lesbians report somewhat less social supports and are more concerned with couple boundary maintenance, whereas gay males report somewhat more jealousy and dependency, are discussed in terms of their implications for such relationships.