cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distributed Processing of Spatial Alarms: A Safe Region-Based Approach

Spatial alarms are considered as one of the basic capabilities in future mobile computing systems for enabling personalization of location-based services. In this paper, we propose a distributed architecture and a suite of safe region techniques for scalable processing of spatial alarms. We show that safe region-based processing enables resource optimal distribution of partial alarm processing tasks from the server to the mobile clients. We propose three different safe region computation algorithms to explore the impact of size and shape of the safe region on network bandwidth, server load and client energy consumption. Concretely, we show that the maximum weighted perimeter rectangular safe region approach outperforms previous techniques in terms of performance and accuracy. We further explore finer granularity safe regions by introducing grid-based and pyramid-based representation of rectilinear polygonal shapes using bitmap encoding. Our experimental evaluation shows that the distributed safe region-based architecture outperforms the two most popular server-centric approaches, periodic and safe period-based, for spatial alarm processing.
Management of catheter-induced pulmonary artery perforation: a rare complication in cardiovascular operations.

Abstract Background . Pulmonary artery perforation is a rare but often fatal complication of the pulmonary artery catheter occurring in cardiovascular operations and at catheterization facilities. We used our experience and a review of the literature to formulate diagnostic and management strategies. Methods . During a 13-year period, 12 patients with pulmonary artery perforations were treated in a center that performed an average of 860 open-heart procedures per year. Clinical presentation varied from minor hemoptysis to major airway hemorrhage, hypoxia, exsanguination, and cardiac arrest. Airway bleeding occurred shortly after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass in 5 patients or postoperatively after wedging the catheter in 6. One patient developed a hemothorax and had a cardiac arrest. Treatment included assurance of gas exchange, endobronchial lavage, isolation of the bleeding bronchus and control of hemorrhage by conservative therapy, pulmonary resection, pulmonary artery repair, and arterial embolization. Results . Five of the 12 patients died (42%). Recurrent hemorrhage occurred in 40% of patients (2 of 5) treated conservatively compared with none of the patients (0 of 7) having surgical treatment. Forty three percent of patients (3 of 7) treated surgically died; 20% of patients (1 of 5) treated conservatively died. One patient succumbed without treatment. Conclusions . Pulmonary artery perforation is a rare and often fatal complication of pulmonary artery catheterization. This was apparent with patients who had airway hemorrhages as a result of weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass or after balloon inflation. Recurrent and fatal hemorrhage was frequent in patients treated by conservative therapy alone. Surgical intervention was effective in control of hemorrhage but did not reduce the number of deaths. Treatment remains highly individualized. It is advisable to be cautious in inserting Swan-Ganz catheters and to avoid their use unless absolutely necessary.
Multislice computed tomography as an adjunct to the management of an in-stent stenosis in an infant with congenital heart disease : Imaging for the future

The case report demonstrates the value of multslice computed tomography for stent imaging and detection of an in-stent stenosis in an infant with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect after stent placement in the right pulmonary artery after biventricular repair.
Sensor ontologies: from shallow to deep models

This paper presents a practical approach to developing comprehensive sensor ontologies based upon deep knowledge models rather than capturing only superficial sensor attributes. It is proposed that the representation and utilization of deep sensor ontologies would enable a variety of sensor information system applications including sensor parts compatibility determination, dynamic sensor selection and tasking, and reasoning about systems of sensors in which data must be fused and queried from a variety of sensor types within a myriad of environments.
Relationship between deformation and electrical impedance in Mouse skin

Skin impedance is an excellent surrogate marker of skin permeability. Physical and chemical modalities that serve to increase skin permeability have direct applications in transdermal drug delivery. We have shown that the electrical impedance of skin, and consequently its permeability, can be changed by up to 60% by uniaxial stretching. This is of significant because electrical impedance has been directly correlated to skin's permeability.
Mice heterozygous for the ATM gene are more sensitive to both X-ray and heavy ion exposure than are wildtypes

Previous studies have shown that the eyes of ATM heterozygous mice exposed to low-LET radiation (X-rays) are significantly more susceptible to the development of cataracts than are those of wildtype mice. The findings, as well as others, run counter to the assumption underpinning current radiation safety guidelines, that individuals are all equally sensitive to the biological effects of radiation. A question, highly relevant to human space activities is whether or not, in similar fashion there may exist a genetic predisposition to high-LET radiation damage. Mice haplodeficient for the ATM gene and wildtypes were exposed to 325 mGy of 1 GeV/amu 56 Fe ions at the AGS facility of Brookhaven National Laboratory. The fluence was equivalent to 1 ion per lens epithelial cell nuclear area. Controls consisted of irradiated wildtype as well as unirradiated wildtype and heterozygous mice. Prevalence analyses for stage 0.5–3.0 cataracts indicated that not only cataract onset but also progression were accelerated in the mice haplo-deficient for the ATM gene. The data show that heterozygosity for the ATM gene predisposes the eye to the cataractogenic influence of heavy ions and suggest that ATM heterozygotes in the human population may also be radiosensitive. This may have to be considered in the selection of individuals who will be exposed to both HZE particles and low-LET radiation as they may be predisposed to increased late normal tissue damage. 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR.
Providing support for adaptive scripting in an on-line collaborative learning environment

This paper describes results from a series of experimental studies to explore issues related to structuring productive group dynamics for collaborative learning using an adaptive support mechanism. The first study provides evidence in favor of the feasibility of the endeavor by demonstrating with a tightly controlled study that even without adaptive support, problem solving in pairs is significantly more effective for learning than problem solving alone. The results from a second study offer guidelines for strategic matching of students with learning partners. Furthermore, the results reveal specific areas for needed support. Based on the results from the second study, we present the design of an adaptive support mechanism, which we evaluate in a third study. The results from the third study provide evidence that certain aspects of our design for adaptive support in the form of strategic prompts are effective for manipulating student behavior in productive ways and for supporting learning. These results also motivate specific modifications to the original design.
Depressive symptomatology in young adults with a history of MDMA use: a longitudinal analysis.

Research suggests that methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)/`ecstasy' can cause serotonin depletion as well as serotonergic neurodegradation that may result in depression. This longitudinal study used the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) to assess depressive symptomatology every six months over a two-year period among a community sample of young adult MDMA/`ecstasy' users (n = 402). Multilevel growth modeling was used to analyze changes in BDI scores. Between baseline and 24 months, the mean BDI score declined from 9.8 to 7.7. Scores varied significantly across individuals at baseline and declined at a rate of 0.36 points every six months. Persons with higher baseline scores were more likely to have their scores decrease over time. Several factors were significantly associated with score levels, independent of time: gender — men's scores were lower than women's; ethnicity — whites' scores were lower than those of non-whites; education — persons with at least some university education had scores that wer...
The natural history of antenatal nuchal cords

Abstract OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test the null hypotheses that nuchal cords occur with equal frequency throughout gestation, the presence of an antenatal nuchal cord is usually a random or chance event, nuchal cords do not usually persist, and nuchal cords do not usually produce evidence of acute fetal compromise before labor. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective subject-, examiner-, and physician-blinded study design was used. The fetuses were examined serially at 24 to 26, 30 to 32, and 36 to 38 weeks' gestation and during labor and delivery. Measurements included: ultrasonic or visual detection of nuchal cords and assessment of fetal and neonatal well-being by using standard clinical techniques. RESULTS: The incidence of nuchal cord rose with advancing gestation from 12% at 24 to 26 weeks to 37% at term. However, at each gestational age, its occurrence was a random or chance event and was not associated with clinical evidence of fetal compromise before labor. CONCLUSION: Antenatal nuchal cords usually occur randomly with increased frequency in late gestation and appear to be a normal part of intrauterine life that is rarely associated with perinatal morbidity and mortality.
Accelerated convergence of an iterative implementation of a two-dimensional IIR filter

An investigation is conducted of the acceleration of the iterative implementation of the two-dimensional infinite impulse response (IIR) filter proposed by D.E. Dudgeon (IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Proc., vol.ASSP-28, no.6, p.666-71, 1980). The conventional procedure results in a sequence of estimations that converge linearly to the desired filter output. Applying an accelerated convergence algorithm for linearly distorted signal reconstruction problems, the authors use a product expansion of the denominator of the transfer function of an IIR filter to derive a class of iterative algorithms that have a pth-order rate of convergence. Specifically, k iterations of the proposed pth-order algorithm are equal to the p/sup k/ iterations of the linear algorithm. Therefore, the number of iterations required to obtain a given approximation is reduced from p/sup k/ to k. The authors show that the spatial truncation error does not affect the computation of the desired result in the region of interest, provided that the boundary values outside the area of interest are known. Finally, the authors present two examples in order to compare the convergence rates for the linear and the accelerated algorithms. >
Chronic Alcohol Consumption in Rats Leads to Desynchrony in Diurnal Rhythms and Molecular Clocks.

Background Circadian rhythms are essential for adapting to the environment. Chronic alcohol consumption often leads to sleep and circadian disruptions, which may impair the life quality of individuals with alcohol use disorders and contribute to the morbidity associated with alcoholism. Methods We used a pair-feeding liquid diet alcohol exposure protocol (6 weeks duration) in PER1::LUC transgenic rats to examine the effects of chronic alcohol exposure on: (i) diurnal rhythms of core body temperature and locomotor activity, (ii) plasma corticosterone (CORT) concentrations, and (iii) rhythms of ex vivo Period1 (Per1) expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), pituitary, and adrenal glands. We followed multiple circadian outputs not only to examine individual components, but also to assess the relative phase relationships among rhythms. Results We found that chronic alcohol consumption: (i) reduced 24-hour body temperature and locomotor activity counts in the dark period, (ii) advanced the acrophase of diurnal rhythms of body temperature and locomotor activity, (iii) abolished the phase difference between temperature and activity rhythms, (iv) blunted and advanced the diurnal CORT rhythm, and (v) advanced Per1 expression in the adrenal and pituitary glands but not in the SCN. We found that chronic alcohol altered the phase relationships among diurnal rhythms and between the central (SCN) and peripheral (adrenal and pituitary) molecular clocks. Conclusions Our findings suggest that desynchrony among internal rhythms is an important and overlooked aspect of alcohol-induced circadian disruptions. The misalignment of phases among rhythms may compromise normal physiological functions and put individuals with chronic alcohol use at greater risk for developing other physical and mental health issues. How this desynchrony occurs and the extent to which it participates in alcohol-related pathologies requires further investigation.
Maldito “Jarabe gatuno”: Poéticas de la censura inquisitorial en la Nueva España

Un analisis a la censura inquisitorial que persiguio la cancion o ‘son de la tierra’ llamado “Jarabe gatuno” o “Pan de jarabe” en la Nueva Espana del siglo dieciocho desvela una doble dinamica de reproduccion del discurso en la cual, por un lado, el discurso considerado ‘obsceno’ contamina el discurso legal y se ve preservado, mientras que, por otro lado, el discurso legal se mimetiza con lo ‘obsceno’ replicandolo, citandolo, en una continua reverberacion. En esta dinamica de apropiacion, contaminacion o invasion discursiva es posible dilucidar una poetica de la censura en la cual el discurso legal responde con las mismas estrategias discursivas que expone el discurso que condena.
Fictions of Abundance in Early Modern Madrid: Hospitality, Consumption, and Artistic Identity in the Work of Juan van der Hamen y Leon

This article examines how still-life painting contributed to the creation of a distinct urban aristocratic culture in seventeenth-century Madrid. Focusing on a group of paintings by Juan van der Hamen, the article situates these images within the context of the picture gallery and the practice of aristocratic hospitality. By giving visual form to this new urban mode of magnificence, Van der Hamen’s still lifes created a fiction of abundance that glossed over Madrid’s economic realities. At the same time, Van der Hamen concealed signs of manual craftsmanship and commercial interest in order to advance and ennoble his own artistic identity.
Gallium Incorporation Kinetics During GSMBE of GaN

The kinetics of Ga incorporation during gas-source molecular beam epitaxy of GaN are investigated for varying substrate temperature and incident ammonia flux. Incident Ga atoms eventually either: 1) react with NH3 to form GaN, 2) accumulate on the film surface, or 3) desorb. Low substrate temperatures lead to significant Ga surface accumulation due to the temperature-dependent reactivity of NH3 towards Ga. High substrate temperatures give rise to significant Ga desorption. Increasing NH3 flux retards both Ga surface accumulation and Ga desorption. The GaN formation rate variation with substrate temperature peaks near 750°C and increases with NH3 flux. The observation of two distinct and very low activation energies for Ga desorption suggests a relatively complex surface chemistry and a strong likelihood that hydrogen is playing an important role.
Mild ozone exposure alters 14C dynamics in foliage of Pinus taeda L.

To explore the physiological mechanisms underlying ozone-induced growth reductions in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), seedlings were exposed to sub-ambient (charcoal-filtered), ambient or twice-ambient ozone in open-top chambers for three growing seasons. In the final year of exposure, current-year needle fascicles were labeled with (14)CO(2) and the incorporation of (14)C into biochemical fractions was followed for 48 hours. Irrespective of ozone treatment, losses of (14)C-assimilates from foliage to respiration and translocation were minimal during the first 3 hours, whereas more than 60% of the label was lost during the next 45 hours. Radiolabel in sugar decreased rapidly after a lag period, roughly paralleling the pattern of total (14)C loss. The amount of (14)C label in starch and lipids plus pigments remained constant throughout the 48-hour chase period, whereas the amount of (14)C label in other fractions showed a net decrease over the 48-hour chase period. Ozone treatments altered foliar carbon dynamics in two ways: (1) ozone exposure increased foliar (14)C retention up to 21% for the first 5 hours after labeling, but not thereafter, and (2) ozone exposure decreased partitioning of (14)C into starch and increased partitioning of (14)C into organic acids, residue, and lipids plus pigments, indicating an intensified partitioning of carbon to injury and repair processes. Both short-term carbon retention and diversion of carbon from storage compounds to repair processes are foliar mechanisms by which ozone exposure could decrease growth in loblolly pine seedlings.
Racial disparities in treatment and survival of hepatocellular carcinoma in native Americans and Hispanics

Abstract Background We investigated if there were any differences in disease presentation and survival between the three major ethnicities in New Mexico; Non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), Native Americans (NA) and Hispanics (H). Methods A retrospective analysis of patients with HCC treated at our institution between 2000 and 2014 was performed. Overall Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models. Results We identified 326 patients; 106 (32.5%) NHW, 183 (56.1%) H, and 37 (11.4%) NA. No difference in disease stage, resectability, rate of offering surgery or chemotherapy was found. Advanced cirrhosis was more common in H and NA than NHW (p=0.01). NA had a higher incidence of non-viral HCC (p=0.0009). NHW were more likely to receive TACE/RFA than NA or H (p=0.04). Median survivals for NA, NHW, H were 24, 14, and 11 months, respectively (p=0.01). Conclusions While there was no difference in disease stage or resectability, NA and H had more advanced cirrhosis and were less likely to undergo TACE and/or RFA than NHW. NA had the best survival, whereas H had the worst survival.
Hajdu Cheney Syndrome

Hajdu Cheney syndrome (HCS) is an idiopathic bone disease characterized by abnormal cranial shape, premature loss of teeth, acro-osteolysis and short stature. Its neurological manifestations are hydrocephalus, trigeminal neuralgia, basilar impression.
Hyperglycemia enhances arsenic-induced platelet and megakaryocyte activation

Low to moderate inorganic arsenic (iAs) exposure is independently associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). The mechanism of increased CVD risk from iAs exposure in DM has not been adequately characterized. We evaluated whether increasing concentrations of glucose enhance the effects of iAs on platelet and megakaryocyte activity, key steps in atherothrombosis. Healthy donor whole blood was prepared in a standard fashion and incubated with sodium arsenite in a range from 0 to 10 µM. iAs-induced platelet activation was assessed by platelet receptor CD62P (P-selectin) expression and monocyte-platelet and leukocyte-platelet aggregation (MPA and LPA, respectively) in the presence of increasing sodium arsenite and glucose concentrations. Megakaryocyte (Meg-01) cell adhesion and gene expression was assessed after incubation with or without iAs and increasing concentrations of d-glucose. Platelet activity markers increased significantly with 10 vs. 0 µM iAs (P < 0.05 for all) and with higher d-glucose concentrations. Platelet activity increased significantly following co incubation of 1 and 5 µM iAs concentrations with hyperglycemic d-glucose (P < 0.01 for both) but not after incubation with euglycemic d-glucose. Megakaryocyte adhesion was more pronounced after co incubation with iAs and hyperglycemic than euglycemic d-glucose, while gene expression increased significantly to iAs only after co incubation with hyperglycemic d-glucose. We demonstrate that glucose concentrations common in DM potentiate the effect of inorganic arsenic exposure on markers of platelet and megakaryocyte activity. Our results support recent observational cohort data that DM enhances the vasculotoxic effects of arsenic exposure, and suggest that activation of the platelet-megakaryocyte hemostatic axis is a pathway through which inorganic arsenic confers atherothrombotic risk, particularly for patients with DM.
EEG Differentiation Analysis and Stimulus Set Meaningfulness

A set of images can be considered as meaningfully different for an observer if they can be distinguished phenomenally from one another. Each phenomenal difference must be supported by some neurophysiological differences. Differentiation analysis aims to quantify neurophysiological differentiation evoked by a given set of stimuli to assess its meaningfulness to the individual observer. As a proof of concept using high-density EEG, we show increased neurophysiological differentiation for a set of natural, meaningfully different images in contrast to another set of artificially generated, meaninglessly different images in nine participants. Stimulus-evoked neurophysiological differentiation (over 257 channels, 800 ms) was systematically greater for meaningful vs. meaningless stimulus categories both at the group level and for individual subjects. Spatial breakdown showed a central-posterior peak of differentiation, consistent with the visual nature of the stimulus sets. Temporal breakdown revealed an early peak of differentiation around 110 ms, prominent in the central-posterior region; and a later, longer-lasting peak at 300-500 ms that was spatially more distributed. The early peak of differentiation was not accompanied by changes in mean ERP amplitude, whereas the later peak was associated with a higher amplitude ERP for meaningful images. An ERP component similar to visual-awareness-negativity occurred during the nadir of differentiation across all image types. Control stimulus sets and further analysis indicate that changes in neurophysiological differentiation between meaningful and meaningless stimulus sets could not be accounted for by spatial properties of the stimuli or by stimulus novelty and predictability.
Root and soil total carbon and nitrogen under bioenergy perennial grasses with various nitrogen rates

Abstract As aboveground biomass of perennial grasses is harvested for feedstock or bioenergy production, root biomass C and N become primary C and N inputs for enhancing soil C and N sequestration. Information is scanty about root biomass C and N and subsequent soil C and N stocks under bioenergy perennial grasses applied with various N fertilization rates in semiarid regions. We evaluated the effect of perennial grass species and N rates on root biomass C and N and soil total C (STC) and total N (STN) stocks at the 0–120 cm depth from 2011 to 2013, 2–4 yr after grass establishment, in the northern Great Plains, USA. Perennial grasses were intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium [Host] Barkworth and Dewey), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), and N fertilization rates were 0, 28, 56, and 84 kg N ha−1. Root biomass C and N at 0–15 and 0–120 cm were greater with intermediate wheatgrass and switchgrass than smooth bromegrass in 2011, but the trend reversed for root biomass C at 0–15 cm in 2012. Root biomass C at both depths among N rates and years. The STC at 0–15, 30–60, and 0–120 cm also varied among grass species and years. At 30–60 cm, STC increased with increased N rates under intermediate wheatgrass and switchgrass, but decreased under smooth bromegrass. At 60–90 cm, the trend for STC reversed. The STN at 15–30 cm was greater under intermediate wheatgrass than smooth bromegrass and switchgrass and at most depths was greater in 2012 than 2013. Overall root biomass C and N at 0–120 cm were 12–16 times greater and STC and STN 8–9% greater under perennial grasses than adjacent annual spring wheat. Although intermediate wheatgrass returned more root C and N to the soil than other grasses, both STC and STN varied among grass species and N rates. Increased root C and N inputs, however, increased STC and STN under perennial grasses compared with annual spring wheat.
The March on Washington, At Home and Abroad

On August 28, 1963, as participants in the historic March on Washington made their way to the Lincoln Memorial, individuals in several countries around the world took to the streets and marched in support. U.S. citizens abroad and citizens of other nations, some with ties to the U.S. civil rights movement and many without, thousands marched to show their solidarity with those demonstrating in Washington. March on Washington activities in Europe were in large part due to the efforts of James Baldwin and other African Americans in Paris. Baldwin called a meeting at a Paris nightclub that ultimately led to a petition drive that quickly spread all over Europe. Hoping to support the civil rights movement although living in Paris, African American jazz musicians, actors and others circulated a petition in the international editions of U.S. papers. In Paris, one week before the Washington March, they held a walk to the U.S. Embassy, and over 560 people deposited petitions in support of the March. That same day, U.S. citizens and others called upon U.S. diplomatic posts in other European cities, registering their support for the March. The focus on U.S. diplomatic posts was not simply due to the fact that these were U.S. government offices abroad. It was also due to the fact that these activists believed that race discrimination harmed U.S. foreign affairs, and they hoped that the international impact of the civil rights movement would spur change at home. Apparently unrelated to these efforts, and uncoordinated with each other, on the date of the March on Washington, the Mayor of Kingston, Jamaica led a march of 2500 in that city. 1200 to 1400 marched on the U.S. Consulate in Amsterdam. In Oslo, Norway, one hundred people marched through heavy rain to present a petition to the U.S. Embassy. Demonstrators with picket signs protested at the U.S. Embassy in Ghana. The Nassar government ensured that no large demonstration would take place in Cairo, Egypt. Hundreds of police officers were stationed in the city early in the morning, and they stopped all but two of the thirteen marchers willing to face this police presence from approaching the U.S. Embassy. These actions pleased U.S. government representatives. As an Embassy officer put it, the government's handling of this protest was in line with the assurances to the Embassy. The U.S. government reacted to the March on Washington by trying to affect the message projected by the marchers, and the way that message was perceived overseas. Efforts to manage the international impact of the March were consistent with broader U.S. efforts during the cold war to turn the story of race in America into a story of the superiority of democracy as a system of government. Accordingly, through efforts to influence the content of speeches, and a pre- and post-March propaganda campaign, the Administration did its best to cast the March as a story about democratic political participation, rather than as a critique of government inaction on civil rights.
An Examination of body composition measurement methods in children

An Examination of Body Composition Measurement Methods in Children by Robert Kaplan Dr. Lawrence Golding, Examination Committee Chair Distinguished Professor of Exercise Physiology University of Nevada, Las Vegas INTRODUCTION: Body-composition methods include underwater weighing (UWW), skinfold thickness (SKF), bioelectrical impedance (BIA), and the BOD POD. Although these techniques are used routinely, each has its inherent limitations, especially in children. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the various methods of body composition in children. METHODS: The body composition of 7 boys between the ages of 12-14 (13.1 +/1.1 years) was determined using the BOD POD, UWW, SKF, and BIA. RESULTS: Percent body fat estimated from the BOD POD (21.9 +/7.8%BF) was not significantly different than the estimated percent fat from UWW (21.8 +/7.3%BF). CONCLUSION: The strong relationship between the BOD POD and UWW in this study suggests that the BOD POD is a valid method of measuring body composition in children.
Sex Trafficking and the Role of Institutions of Higher Education: Recommendations for Response and Preparedness

In the perceptions of most persons, sex trafficking is a recognized global human rights abuse. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has articulated a call to action with its four “P” policy agenda: prevent, protect, prosecute, and partnership (Office of Trafficking in Persons, 2017). Institutions of higher education are positioned to bolster these initiatives through research, work force and policy development, and education. It is our purpose with this article to begin a discussion within academic institutions and the field of sex trafficking to explore what actions might assist survivors who wish to pursue higher education as well as what protections should be in place to serve students who may become victimized while attending an institution of higher education. We consider human trafficking, the role of institutions of higher education, current policies related to colleges and universities, the vulnerability of college age individuals to potential trafficking, and the unique needs of those who exit trafficking and enter higher education. We offer some recommendations that will enable institutions to engage with and address the intersection of sex trafficking and higher education.
After Hours: A Survey of Moonlighting Practices in Psychiatry Residents

The authors surveyed psychiatry residents to determine who participates in moonlighting and to understand their views and opinions on the necessity, importance, and educational value of moonlighting. An electronic survey was distributed to psychiatry residents at 16 programs nationally. Descriptive characteristics were calculated. Logistic and linear regressions were performed to determine differences between those who moonlight and those who do not and to assess differences in measures of financial distress, quality of life, and work-life balance. A total of 173/624 (27.6%) residents participated. Within the subset allowed to moonlight, 50% (47/94) reported moonlighting during prior academic year, for an average of 17.4 ± 8.6 hoursh per month. Within those eligible to moonlight, there were no differences in perceived financial distress, quality of life, work-life balance, and confidence between residents who moonlighted and those who did not. Among moonlighters, 10.6% moonlighted overnight before working the next day, and only 68.1% included moonlighting when recording duty hours. 45% reported no supervision available while moonlighting. In the study sample, 50% of psychiatry residents eligible to moonlight opted to do so. Though most programs have policies in place regarding moonlighting, programs may benefit from ensuring that residents are reporting moonlighting in duty hours and that supervision is available to those moonlighting.
Universal UX Design: Building Multicultural User Experience (Ferreira, A.) [Book review]

The author of this book builds a case for designers, marketers, and stakeholders in the global marketplace to incorporate multicultural and international considerations into all aspects of their products and services. The book demonstrates the long-term benefits of internationalization, and it provides useful information about cultural and technological trends across all continents. In addition, the author offers practical advice on aspects of localization that should be brought into research and design. Employing anecdotal observations about a variety of cultures and a small variety of case studies, the author largely succeeds in his endeavor to bring greater consideration for international concerns to the fore of user experience. This book serves as a strong argument for marketers and designers to incorporate internationalization into an organization’s design philosophy so that its products will benefit from the start. However, the book only demonstrates the need for internationalization; it rarely offers suggestions on how to address a large variety of needs at once. Nevertheless, Universal UX Design has merit. Given its emphasis on product design for international markets, the book can serve as supplemental reading for graduate courses in UX design and technical marketing.
Oracle middleware and development tools

Oracle Corporation makes billions on its flagship product, the Oracle database management system. In order to support development around an Oracle backend, it provides a number of products at no charge. This "Nifty Tools" will examine several of these products: Weblogic Server, Data Modeler, SQL Developer, Forms Builder, and Report Builder. Data Modeler and SQL Developer would be used by a developer in the design phase of project development. Weblogic Server, Forms Builder and Report Builder provide a solution for implementation using just Java and a browser on the client. They provide a three-tier sysytem for common business applications, and with a thin-client approach. Even the backend can be obtained at no charge by using Oracle's Express Edition of its database management system.
Bridges to Bilingualism: Teachers' Roles in Promoting Indigenous Languages in Guatemala.

The Peace Accords of 1996 aimed to bring significant changes for Indigenous people of Guatemala by promoting new educational opportunities centering on the recognition that culture and language are critical components of education. Bilingual intercultural programs have been created and attention to the detrimental effects of language loss and cultural identity have gained attention as Guatemala portrays itself to the rest of the world as a proud multiethnic and multilingual nation. As teachers are essential in the implementation of educational programs, this study explores the perspectives of 13 Indigenous bilingual teachers from multiple communities and their role in implementing programs that promote bilingualism, biliteracy, and intercultural education in their respective communities. Teachers proudly accepted the responsibility of bridging school and home languages and recognized that educational progress had taken place, but expressed the need for continued improvements, as there are still many unmet goals both at the national and individual community levels.
Dynamic mapping of the corticospinal tract in open cordotomy and myelomeningocele surgery

Abstract Object Spinal cord surgeries carry a high risk for significant neurological impairments. The initial techniques for spinal cord mapping emerged as an aid to identify the dorsal columns and helped select a safe myelotomy site in intramedullary tumor resection. Advancements in motor mapping of the cord have also been made recently, but exclusively with tumor surgery. We hereby present our experiences with dynamic mapping of the corticospinal tract (CST) in other types of spinal cord procedures that carry an increased risk of postoperative motor deficit, and thus could directly benefit from this technique. Case reports Two patients with intractable unilateral lower extremity pain due to metastatic disease of the sacrum and a thoraco-lumbar chordoma, respectively underwent thoracic cordotomy to interrupt the nociceptive pathways. A third patient with progressive leg weakness underwent cord untethering and surgical repair of a large thoracic myelomeningocele. In all three cases, multimodality intraoperative neurophysiologic testing included somatosensory and motor evoked potentials monitoring as well as dynamic mapping of the CST. Conclusion CST mapping allowed safe advancement of the cordotomy probe and exploration of the meningocele sac with untethering of the anterior-lateral aspect of the cord respectively, resulting in postoperative preservation or improvement of motor strength from the pre-operative baseline. Stimulus thresholds varied likely with the distance between the stimulating probe and the CST as well as with the baseline motor strength in the mapped myotomes.
Constructions and Attacks on Hash Functions

This paper presents a study about the construction models that are used to build hash functions. The study covers Merkle-Damgard, Sponge, HAIFA, Wide-Pipe, and Parallel-Tree constructions. Moreover, attacks on hash functions are also discussed in this paper. The major attacks on hash functions are presented with counter-attack methodology from the literature. This work helps the researchers in the area of cryptography hash functions to avoid any possibility of security threats in future designs.
Patient factors that affect opioid use among adults with and without chronic pain.

Abstract Background In recent years, inappropriate use of prescription opioids has become a national crisis. Prescription opioids can be an important tool for managing pain, but excessive dosages or extended use may lead to drug dependence, overdoses and mortality. Since the early 2000s, increased prescribing of opioids has been associated with marked increases in these adverse outcomes. Objective To determine patient characteristics associated with opioid use among adults with and without chronic pain treatment. Methods The study is based on a nationally representative sample of civilian noninstitutionalized adults without cancer from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (2014–2017). A multinomial logit regression analysis is used. Key patient characteristics are health attitudes. Self-reliant health attitude is agreement with the following statements: “I do not need health insurance,” and “I can overcome illness without help from a medically trained person.” Results Health-related attitudes affect both adults with and without chronic pain treatment similarly. Adults with self-reliant health attitudes are less likely to start and more likely to discontinue opioid use. Exercise is associated with higher probability of choosing no analgesic treatments over using opioids. Similarly, among adults who are using opioids for pain treatment, exercise is associated with higher probability of discontinuing opioid use in the year following opioid initiation. Conclusions and Relevance Health related attitudes, self-reported mental health, and lifestyle choices such as exercise and smoking are associated with patients’ choices among opioid and non-opioid treatments. These results can help clinicians guide patients towards non-opioid treatments.
City limits to partisan polarization in the American public

How pervasive is partisan sorting and polarization over public policies in the American public? We examine whether the barriers of partisan sorting and polarization seen in national politics extend to important local policies that shape economic development. To describe the extent of partisan sorting and polarization over local development policies, we employ conjoint survey experiments in representative surveys of eight US metropolitan areas and a hierarchical modeling strategy for studying heterogeneity across respondents. We find that strong partisans are sorted by party in some of their policy opinions, but rarely polarized. The same voters who disagree about national issues have similar preferences about local development issues suggesting a greater scope for bipartisan problem solving at the local level.
Preface: Iconic, Complex and Contested Institutions

Courthouses are so familiar that one might assume that they have always existed, just as the rights that adjudication has come to signify feel deeply entrenched, even as their boundaries and effects are debated. This volume maps the innovations in courthouse design that aim to respond to diverse users and communities so as to reconfigure authority and take into account the impact of new communication technologies. Yet, the future vitality of courthouses, with their public adjudication and recent efforts at egalitarian redistributive practices, is far from assured. The rise of exclusionary sovereigntism; the extent of profound economic, racial and gender inequalities; and the efforts to privatise dispute resolution authority make all the more important this volume’s descriptions and analyses of values that aspire to provide a buffer against these developments.
Supporting Students and Families in Post-Pandemic School Systems

In the article, the author discusses how schools can effectively support students and their families post-COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. Topics include the growing economic and mental health challenges faced by students and their families, the inequalities in education, especially among students of color, and some proposed strategies like improved professional collaboration.
Devolution, independence, and the optimal provision of public goods

This paper examines whether two regions should remain together within a fiscal federation, or separate, when their inhabitants have different preferences for publicly provided goods. The paper focuses on trade-offs between returns to scale in the provision of the goods, and the scope to tailor provision to the tastes of the inhabitants in each region. A general model is developed that includes, as special cases, both pure public and publicly provided goods, and regional and national public goods. We show that when there is a choice between public investment and consumption goods, there will, in general, be a bias against public consumption goods unless taxing powers are fully devolved. We provide conditions under which independence may be desirable even when the region contemplating independence is relatively small.
Recent Advances in the Theory of Stochastic Adaptive Control

In recent years much progress has been made on the theory of adaptive control for linear stochastic systems. The stability of some simple adaptive control laws, their optimality with respect to the minimum output variance criterion, and their self-tuning property for both the regulation and tracking problems, have all been proved. In this paper we outline these recent advances in the theory of stochastic adaptive control and also indicate some of the open problems.
Longitudinal image analysis of tumour–healthy brain change in contrast uptake induced by radiation

This work is motivated by a quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging study of the differential tumor/healthy tissue change in contrast uptake induced by radiation. The goal is to determine the time in which there is maximal contrast uptake (a surrogate for permeability) in the tumor relative to healthy tissue. A notable feature of the data is its spatial heterogeneity. Zhang, Johnson, Little, and Cao (2008a and 2008b) discuss two parallel approaches to "denoise" a single image of change in contrast uptake from baseline to one follow-up visit of interest. In this work we extend the image model to explore the longitudinal profile of the tumor/healthy tissue contrast uptake in multiple images over time. We fit a two-stage model. First, we propose a longitudinal image model for each subject. This model simultaneously accounts for the spatial and temporal correlation and denoises the observed images by borrowing strength both across neighboring pixels and over time. We propose to use the Mann-Whitney U statistic to summarize the tumor contrast uptake relative to healthy tissue. In the second stage, we fit a population model to the U statistic and estimate when it achieves its maximum. Our initial findings suggest that the maximal contrast uptake of the tumor core relative to healthy tissue peaks around three weeks after initiation of radiotherapy, though this warrants further investigation.
Data refinement in a market research applications' data production process

In this contribution, we will show how empirically collected field data for a market research application are refined in a stepwise manner and enriched into end-user market reports and charts. The collected data are treated by selections, transformations, enrichments, and aggregations to finally derive new market knowledge from the raw data material. Besides data-oriented aspects, process- and organization-related aspects have to be considered as well to ensure the required product quality for GfK Marketing Services’ customers, which have known GfK for decades as a top-10 player in the international market research area. Based on an ongoing example from the panel-based Retail & Technology application domain, we will show how de-centrally collected and pre-processed data are transformed into integrated, global market knowledge in a network of world-wide companies.
Creativity in information systems minitrack introduction

With the innovation rate in most markets increasing, an organization's ability to sustain creativity in its products, processes and members becomes a significant competitive challenge. Because information technology (IT) has often been considered an innovation enabler, many organizations are now looking for IT to support their creativity needs more directly. Accordingly, the Creativity in Information Systems Minitrack is interested in exploring when and how creativity can be sustained or enhanced by IT.Moreover, because creative systems are thought to come from creative people, this Minitrack is also in interested in exploring ways to support the creativity of IT personnel. Not only are they continually seeking new ways to enhance system acceptance, productivity and satisfaction, but IT personnel are becoming increasingly interested in developing systems to enhance users' creativity. Hence, understanding which tools and techniques best support creativity can be useful for application development.Because of the quality of this year's submissions, we are expecting very lively and interesting sessions. Session one examines a variety of idea generating techniques and offers insights into how they may best be used to support creativity within organizations. The first paper, by Thomas Chesney and Helen Fletcher, looks at the efficacy of keyword analysis to support idea generation for systems reengineering applications. The second paper, by Eric L. Santanen, Robert O. Briggs and Gert-Jan de Vreede, not only shows how the Cognitive Network Model can be a useful guide for explaining the effectiveness of creativity support tools, but also introduces a new and successful group support tool known as directed brainstorming. The third paper, by Ben Sheiderman, discusses design and graphical layout considerations for developing programs to support users' creativity as they compose documents, presentations, and other creations on their computers. Session two explores how individuals use information to perform more creatively. The first paper, by Paula J. Hinds, is an experiment designed to examine how asking individuals to suppress information, or protect proprietary information, inhibits their ability to think creatively. This paper was also submitted as the Creativity in Information Systems Minitrack's nomination for the HICSS-33 best paper competition. The second paper, by Jungwoo Lee and Duane P. Truex, develops a model of overall cognitive development as well as an instrument to explore the relationships between training methodology, cognitive complexity and creativity in system developers. The final paper, by L. Nguyen, J. Carroll, and P.A. Swatman, uses a field study approach to examine the creative process that emerged during the requirements engineering phase of an IT project for a Web-based Information Broker.We hope that you will attend, enjoy, and learn from this year's Creativity in Information Systems Minitrack.