cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Statistical learning approach for mining API usage mappings for code migration

The same software product nowadays could appear in multiple platforms and devices. To address business needs, software companies develop a software product in a programming language and then migrate it to another one. To support that process, semi-automatic migration tools have been proposed. However, they require users to manually define the mappings between the respective APIs of the libraries used in two languages. To reduce such manual effort, we introduce StaMiner, a novel data-driven approach that statistically learns the mappings between APIs from the corpus of the corresponding client code of the APIs in two languages Java and C#. Instead of using heuristics on the textual or structural similarity between APIs in two languages to map API methods and classes as in existing mining approaches, StaMiner is based on a statistical model that learns the mappings in such a corpus and provides mappings for APIs with all possible arities. Our empirical evaluation on several projects shows that StaMiner can detect API usage mappings with higher accuracy than a state-of-the-art approach. With the resulting API mappings mined by StaMiner, Java2CSharp, an existing migration tool, could achieve a higher level of accuracy.
Holographic Concepts and Applications for Solar Energy Systems

In this paper the unique aspects of holographic optical elements are reviewed and put in context for application to photovoltaic and thermal solar energy systems. A holographic planar concentrator and spectral splitting element are evaluated.
Heterotrimeric G Protein Signaling: Roles in Immune Function and Fine-Tuning by RGS Proteins

The RGS proteins provide a mechanism by which cells can regulate both the duration and the magnitude of a signal generated through a heterotrimeric G protein. Such fine-tuning is undoubtedly essential for the finely orchestrated events that occur in response to the chemokines, hormones, and neuropeptides, which signal through GPCRs. Furthermore, certain key intracellular molecules such as Ras integrate output signals generated through heptahelical, antigen, and cytokine receptors. Discovering these key molecules and understanding how they discriminate between relevant signals and irrelevant background noise to coordinate the cellular responses that eventually lead to humoral and cellular immunity remains a sizable challenge for the future.*To whom correspondence should be addressed (e-mail: jkehrl@atlas.niaid.nih.gov).
Mercury-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Metallothionein-1/2 Null Mice

Metallothioneins are central for the metabolism and detoxification of transition metals. Exposure to mercury during early neurodevelopment is associated with neurocognitive impairment. Given the importance of metallothioneins in mercury detoxification, metallothioneins may be a protective factor against mercury-induced neurocognitive impairment. Deletion of the murine metallothionein-1 and metallothionein-2 genes causes choice accuracy impairments in the 8-arm radial maze. We hypothesize that deletions of metallothioneins genes will make metallothionein-null mice more vulnerable to mercury-induced cognitive impairment. We tested this hypothesis by exposing MT1/MT2-null and wildtype mice to developmental mercury (HgCl2) and evaluated the resultant effects on cognitive performance on the 8-arm radial maze. During the early phase of learning metallothionein-null mice were more susceptible to mercury-induced impairment compared to wildtype. Neurochemical analysis of the frontal cortex revealed that serotonin levels were higher in metallothionein-null mice compared to wildtype mice. This effect was independent of mercury exposure. However, dopamine levels in mercury exposed metallothionein-null mice were lower compared to mercury-exposed wildtype mice. This work shows that deleting metallothioneins increase the vulnerability to developmental mercury-induced neurocognitive impairment. Metallothionein effects on monoamine transmitters may be related to this cognitive effect.
Chance Factors in Nonparametric Linear Discriminant Studies

Studies were performed to determine if the screening of large pools of prospective variables could lead to fortuitous improvements in the classification success rates provided by nonparametric linear discriminants. These studies parallel earlier work by Topliss and Edwards on regression analysis. It was found that fortuitous increases do occur, but could probably be kept low if the number of examined variables is kept below one-half the number of observations.
Affect-Congruency in Message Content: A Preliminary Evaluation of Two Accounts.

This study was an investigation of two possible theoretical accounts for affect‐congruency in the verbal content of message output during emotional states. One account (e.g., Isen, 1984) suggests that messages would maintain affect‐congruency with positive but not negative states. A second account (e.g., Clark, Milberg & Ross, 1983) proposes that messages would tend to maintain a semantic congruency with the hedonic tone and intensity of both positive and negative emotional states. Participant essays written after exposure to an emotional stimulus were analyzed to determine which account might best capture the hedonic tone and semantic intensity of adjectives used in essays. Results revealed that neither the number of positive and negative adjectives nor the semantic intensity of adjectives varied with positive states experienced by the participants. Both the number of negative adjectives and the semantic intensity of negative adjectives, however, increased significantly with increases in intensity of neg...
Prostaglandin F2α increases uveoscleral outflow in the cynomolgus monkey

Cynomolgus monkeys were treated topically in one eye twice daily with prostaglandin F2 alpha-l-isopropylester (PGF2 alpha-IE) for nine doses. On treatment day 4, 3 hr after the seventh dose, intraocular pressure (IOP) in the treated eye was reduced by 65% compared to the controls, to less than 5 mmHg. On treatment day 5, 3 hr after the ninth dose, total outflow facility was determined by two-level constant pressure perfusion of the anterior chamber. Immediately thereafter, uveoscleral outflow was determined by intracamerally infusing [125I]- or [131I]-albumin and fluoresceinated dextran, and calculating the volume of anterior chamber fluid required to have deposited the quantity of tracer recovered from the various ocular and periocular tissues. Simultaneously, trabecular outflow was determined by calculating the volume of anterior chamber fluid required to have deposited the quantity of tracer recovered from the general circulation. Total facility was approximately 50% higher in treated than in control eyes, but the effect was variable, of marginal statistical significance, and perhaps due to increased pseudofacility or uveoscleral facility. Uveoscleral outflow was approximately two to three-and-a-half times higher in treated than in control eyes, the magnitude of the effect being dependent upon the timing and pressure at which the perfusion was conducted. Trabecular outflow was reduced by approximately 75% in the treated eyes relative to control so that the proportion of total outflow comprised by trabecular outflow in the treated eyes was only one third that in the controls. Total aqueous flow was slightly (approximately 20%) but not significantly reduced in the treated eyes. The IOP lowering effect of PGF2 alpha in the cynomolgus monkey is due largely if not exclusively to an increase in uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humor, with aqueous outflow being redirected from the trabecular to the uveoscleral route.
Analysis of planar light fields from homogeneous convex curved surfaces under distant illumination

We consider the flatland or 2D properties of the light field generated when a homogeneous convex curved surface reflects a distant illumination field. Besides being of considerable theoretical interest, this problem has applications in computer vision and graphics - for instance, in determining lighting and bidirectional reflectance distribution functions (BRDFs), in rendering environment maps, and in image-based rendering. We demonstrate that the integral for the reflected light transforms to a simple product of coefficients in Fourier space. Thus, the operation of rendering can be viewed in simple signal processing terms as a filtering operation that convolves the incident illumination with the BRDF. This analysis leads to a number of interesting observations for computer graphics, computer vision, and visual perception.
Reconstruction of adaptive radiation in insular habitats using integrated biogeographic information

Summary AimTo develop an analytical method for accurately reconstructing the biogeographic events associated with adaptive radiation in a system of insular habitats. LocationAn idealized, two-dimensional model system of insular habitats is based on the altitudinally stratified vegetation zones on the island-like mountains of eastern Africa. MethodsThe model system is treated as a two-dimensional array of insular habitats, and adaptive radiation is treated as a ‘space-filling’ process according to six premises based on uniformitarian principles. Previous approaches to this class of problems have used (1) Hennig's progression rule, (2) optimization of biogeographic character states, and (3) reasoned argumentation with an intuitive synthesis of information. The strengths and limitations of these previous approaches are evaluated. ResultsA closed analytical method is presented that accurately reconstructs biogeographic events. This methodological approach integrates atomized information back up to the appropriate level of biological organization and has general applicability to phylogenetic analysis. Main conclusionsIn a truly evolutionary approach to phylogenetic systematics and biogeography, the initial analysis of the pattern of descent should be complemented with a subsequent analysis of the pattern of modification. The method presented here offers one approach to analysing the pattern of modification, which in this case constitutes biogeographic movement.
Dynamics and spatial organization of endosomes in mammalian cells.

We combine particle tracking and stochastic simulations to analyze the dynamics and organization of early endocytic vesicles in mammalian cells. At short time scales ($l{10}^{1}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{sec}$) vesicles exhibit 1D symmetric bidirectional motor-driven transport on microtubules such that the mean squared displacement (MSD) scales as ${t}^{3/2}$, but the MSD shows a crossover to facilitated diffusion at longer times ($g{10}^{1}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{sec}$). Facilitated diffusion results in rapid equilibration of vesicles on microtubules. The asterlike organization of microtubules causes perinuclear accumulation of vesicles despite symmetric transport.
Resin-bonded retainers. Part I: Resin bond to electrolytically etched nonprecious alloys

Nonprecious Ni-Cr casting alloys can be electrolytically etched to yield a highly retentive surface for micromechanical bonding of dental resins. The acid, current density, and etching time to achieve the retentive features are specific for each alloy. Conditions for etching one beryllium-containing and one non-beryllium-containing alloy are described. The tensile strength of a resin system to these alloys has been determined to be over two times the accepted value of the resin bond to acid-etched enamel.
An analytical model for computer system performance evaluation

This paper describes an analytical model of a computer system useful in the evaluation of system performance. The model is described in detail while the mathematics are minimized. Emphasis is placed on the utility of the model rather than the underlying theory and a number of illustrative examples are included.
Constitutive Receptor-independent Low Density Lipoprotein Uptake and Cholesterol Accumulation by Macrophages Differentiated from Human Monocytes with Macrophage-Colony-stimulating Factor (M-CSF)

Recently, we have shown that macrophage uptake of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and cholesterol accumulation can occur by nonreceptor mediated fluid-phase macropinocytosis when macrophages are differentiated from human monocytes in human serum and the macrophages are activated by stimulation of protein kinase C (Kruth, H. S., Jones, N. L., Huang, W., Zhao, B., Ishii, I., Chang, J., Combs, C. A., Malide, D., and Zhang, W. Y. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280, 2352–2360). Differentiation of human monocytes in human serum produces a distinct macrophage phenotype. In this study, we examined the effect on LDL uptake of an alternative macrophage differentiation phenotype. Differentiation of macrophages from human monocytes in fetal bovine serum with macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) produced a macrophage phenotype demonstrating constitutive fluid-phase uptake of native LDL leading to macrophage cholesterol accumulation. Fluid-phase endocytosis of LDL by M-CSF human macrophages showed non-saturable uptake of LDL that did not down-regulate over 48 h. LDL uptake was mediated by continuous actin-dependent macropinocytosis of LDL by these M-CSF-differentiated macrophages. M-CSF is a cytokine present within atherosclerotic lesions. Thus, macropinocytosis of LDL by macrophages differentiated from monocytes under the influence of M-CSF is a plausible mechanism to account for macrophage foam cell formation in atherosclerotic lesions. This mechanism of macrophage foam cell formation does not depend on LDL modification or macrophage receptors.
Robust Output Feedback Stabilization of Uncertain Descriptor System

For the decentralized robust stabilization of the interconnected large-scale descriptor system with uncertain output coefficient matrix that is time invariant, value-bounded (the value bound relatively small), the paper, with the linear matrix inequality (LMI) theory and the infinitesimal theory, gives the sufficient conditions respectively for the robust stabilization of the output feedback of the uncertain descriptor system and for the robust decentralized stabilization of the output feedback of the uncertain interconnected large-scale descriptor system. Also the design for decentralized output feedback controllers is discussed. A numerical example is given for the verification of the results.
Unrelated Umbilical Cord Blood Unit Selection

The aims of this review are to summarize the relevant published literature regarding cord blood (CB) graft characteristics and their impact on transplantation outcomes, to present new analyses from patients transplanted with CB units from the New York Blood Center's National Cord Blood Program, and to propose new guidelines for prioritizing CB unit selection.
What hematopathology tells us about the future of pathology informatics.

Abstract The field of hematopathology has been a leader in the application of new technologies for both diagnostics and therapy. The ready accessibility of blood cells for examination, the ability to quantify important indices, and the relative responsiveness of otherwise fatal hematologic diseases to chemotherapy have all contributed to rapid advances in the field. Hematopathology provides many insights into the challenges that pathology informatics will face in addressing the needs of a growing and aging population in the era of personalized medicine.
Smoothing HCCI Heat Release with Vaporization-Cooling-Induced Thermal Stratification using Ethanol

Ethanol and ethanol/gasoline blends are being widely considered as alternative fuels for light-duty automotive applications. At the same time, HCCI combustion has the potential to provide high efficiency and ultra-low exhaust emissions. However, the application of HCCI is typically limited to low and moderate loads because of unacceptably high heat-release rates (HRR) at higher fueling rates. This work investigates the potential of lowering the HCCI HRR at high loads by using partial fuel stratification to increase the in-cylinder thermal stratification. This strategy is based on ethanol's high heat of vaporization combined with its true single-stage ignition characteristics. Using partial fuel stratification, the strong fuel-vaporization cooling produces thermal stratification due to variations in the amount of fuel vaporization in different parts of the combustion chamber. The low sensitivity of the autoignition reactions to variations of the local fuel concentration allows the temperature variations to govern the combustion event. This results in a sequential autoignition event from leaner and hotter zones to richer and colder zones, lowering the overall combustion rate compared to operation with a uniform fuel/air mixture. The amount of partial fuel stratification was varied by adjusting the fraction of fuel injected late to produce stratification, and also by changingmore » the timing of the late injection. The experiments show that a combination of 60-70% premixed charge and injection of 30-40 % of the fuel at 80{sup o}CA before TDC is effective for smoothing the HRR. With CA50 held fixed, this increases the burn duration by 55% and reduces the maximum pressure-rise rate by 40%. Combustion stability remains high but engine-out NO{sub x} has to be monitored carefully. For operation with strong reduction of the peak HRR, ISNO{sub x} rises to around 0.20 g/kWh for an IMEP{sub g} of 440 kPa. The single-cylinder HCCI research engine was operated naturally aspirated without EGR at 1200 rpm, and had low residual level using a CR = 14 piston.« less
Ultrawide bandwidth serial-search multi-dwell acquisition-Part I: Asymptotic theory

The use of ultrawide bandwidth (UWB) signals requires highly accurate timing, and, hence, presents significant challenges from the standpoint of acquisition receiver design. Improving the acquisition performance is important, especially for time-critical applications that cannot tolerate long processing delay. This paper deals with the design and analysis of UWB rapid acquisition receivers. In particular, we consider serial-search strategies that employ a multi-dwell detector with optimal thresholds. Specific contributions include derivation of lower and upper bounds on the asymptotic mean acquisition times for both the conventional and the optimal serial search strategies. The bounds serve as ultimate performance limits of acquisition receivers that operate in high and low signal-to-noise ratio regimes. We propose a search strategy that is near-optimal in these asymptotic regimes. The results in this paper are valid for environments with arbitrary power dispersion profiles, provided that some mild assumptions about the channel and the receiver design are satisfied.
Corporate Investment and the Option to Repurchase Debt

The presence of publicly traded debt in firm’s capital struct ure leads to coordination and restructuring problems as the firm nears financial distress and investment is distorted. Based on this perspective, we describe the market for debt repurchases as a substitute for renegotiation and examine whether deleveraging improves investment efficiency . We model the choice to repurchase debt and show that investment efficiency improves and the coo rdination problem is mitigated when the firm exchanges cash for outstanding debt. Using a sample o f debt repurchases initiated by U.S. firms from 1996 to 2010, we find find that firms are more likely to r epurchase outstanding debt either by open market transactions or tender offers when investment frictions are relatively high. We document significant increases in firm investment levels a nd efficiency for repurchasing firms relative to a control sample. This improvement is more pronounced for firms with higher expected transfers to bondholders. To address the potential endogeneity of the repurchase choice and investment, we examine an exogenous shock to the incentives to repurchase debt provided by the passing of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 and find similar improvements in investment efficiency.
The Thromboxane Receptor Antagonist S18886 but Not Aspirin Inhibits Atherogenesis in Apo E–Deficient Mice: Evidence That Eicosanoids Other Than Thromboxane Contribute to Atherosclerosis

Abstract —Atherosclerosis involves a complex array of factors, including leukocyte adhesion and platelet vasoactive factors. Aspirin, which is used to prevent secondary complications of atherosclerosis, inhibits platelet production of thromboxane (Tx) A 2 . The actions of TxA 2 as well as of other arachidonic acid products, such as prostaglandin (PG) H 2 , PGF 2α , hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, and isoprostanes, can be effectively antagonized by blocking thromboxane (TP) receptors. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of platelet-derived TxA 2 in atherosclerotic lesion development by comparing the effects of aspirin and the TP receptor antagonist S18886. The effect of 11 weeks of treatment with aspirin (30 mg · kg −1 · d −1 ) or S18886 (5 mg · kg −1 · d −1 ) on aortic root atherosclerotic lesions, serum levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and the TxA 2 metabolite TxB 2 was determined in apolipoprotein E–deficient mice at 21 weeks of age. Both treatments did not affect body or heart weight or serum cholesterol levels. Aspirin, to a greater extent than S18886, significantly decreased serum TxB 2 levels, indicating the greater efficacy of aspirin in preventing platelet synthesis of TxA 2 . S18886, but not aspirin, significantly decreased aortic root lesions as well as serum ICAM-1 levels. S18886 also prevented the increased expression of ICAM-1 in cultured human endothelial cells stimulated by the TP receptor agonist U46619. These results indicate that inhibition of platelet TxA 2 synthesis with aspirin has no significant effect on atherogenesis or adhesion molecule levels. The effects of S18886 suggest that blockade of TP receptors inhibits atherosclerosis by a mechanism independent of platelet-derived TxA 2 , perhaps by preventing the expression of adhesion molecules whose expression is stimulated by eicosanoids other than TxA 2 .
Acoustic Evaluation of Trees for Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) Treated with Imidacloprid and Noviflumuron in Historic Jackson Square, New Orleans, Louisiana

Nine years of periodic acoustical monitoring of 93 trees active with Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, were evaluated for imidacloprid tree foam and noviflumuron bait to reduce termite activity in trees. Long term, imidacloprid suppressed but did not eliminate termite activity in treated trees. Noviflumuron bait did not significantly reduce the proportion of trees with high termite activity but significantly increased the number of trees with no termite activity. Noviflumuron changed termite distribution by possibly eliminating only some fraction of numerous colonies whereby surviving colonies avoided trees containing dead termites.
A modular phosphate tether-mediated divergent strategy to complex polyols

An efficient and divergent synthesis of polyol subunits utilizing a phosphate tether-mediated, one-pot, sequential RCM/CM/reduction process is reported. A modular, 3-component coupling strategy has been developed, in which, simple “order of addition” of a pair of olefinic-alcohol components to a pseudo-C2-symmetric phosphoryl chloride, coupled with the RCM/CM/reduction protocol, yields five polyol fragments. Each of the product polyols bears a central 1,3-anti-diol subunit with differential olefinic geometries at the periphery.
Near‐Net‐Shape Processing of Metal‐Ceramic Composites by Reactive Metal Penetration

Metal-ceramic composites were made to near-net shape by reacting phase-pure mullite and mullite-glass preforms with molten Al using a reactive metal penetration process. Conversion of the two ceramic preforms to Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Al composites was accompanied by a 0.32% volume expansion and a 1.42% volume shrinkage, respectively. Molar volume and density calculations made assuming a net-shape reaction estimate {approximately}17 and {approximately}27 vol% Al to be present in the two composites after reaction. Results from quantitative stereology measurements used to quantify the concentration of metal in the reactively formed composites validate the calculations.
Logic-Based Programming for Wireless Sensor-Activator Networks

In this paper we present SAN-Logic, a lightweight logic-based programming paradigm that enables the dynamic progammability and configuration of sensor-actuator interactions in wireless sensor networks used to support Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). Our goal is to simplify complex CPS design by providing a structured model of interactions that can be automatically mapped and deployed to a sensor-actuator network in an efficient and scalable manner. In contrast to sensor networking paradigms that distribute an application into individual sub-programs, SAN-Logic models the system as a set of boolean expressions which can be partitioned across the network like gates in a circuit. The user defines interactions as timed asynchronous sequential logic expressions [1] with sensors and actuators representing the inputs and outputs of the system. This approach is highly scalable since once deployed each interaction takes place as a sequence of independent and asynchronous events. This allows SAN-Logic to operate in a fully distributed manner without a central authority. Using this framework, optimization takes place across multiple tasks enabling sharing of resources within the network which will be an important part of future CPS. Redundant routes and the stateless nature of combinational logic (along with periodic state update messages) allow the system to easily cope with packet-loss and failed nodes. A major benefit of this approach is the ability to leverage existing hardware design and synthesis tools used by the VLSI design community. We demonstrate how boolean manipulation of the logic can be used to alter the mapping of expressions onto the network and hence can be used for optimization and verification. We provide an approach using logic simplification and mapping that reduces message passing by factoring common terms across different data paths within tasks and placing intermediate terms such that they benefit from shorter paths. In complex systems, we see on average a 40% reduction in message passing as compared to an implementation that does not optimize communication patterns within and across tasks.
Analysis of the seasonal performance of hybrid liquid desiccant cooling systems

Abstract A simulation model for the liquid desiccant component of a hybrid liquid desiccant cooling system was developed. Seasonal simulations were performed on different operational modes of a hybrid liquid desiccant cooling system including regeneration by solar energy. The seasonal thermal and electrical energy use and operational costs were compared to those of conventional cooling systems. For the system configuration investigated, the study shows that the cooling energy required by the conditioner exceeds the cooling requirements of the load. Although the conditioner cooling water is provided at a higher temperature (and therefore at a higher COP) than required in a conventional system, the additional requirement of regeneration energy cause the operating costs to be comparable to greater than those of a conventional chilled water cooling system. A preferred liquid desiccant configuration from an operating cost standpoint is proposed.
A note on one-step extrapolation procedure

In 1979, J.A. Cadzow proposed a one step procedure to extrapolate a bandlimited signal. It is found that the existence of signal z(t) is not valid in the L/sup 2/ space. A remedy is proposed using the prolate spheroidal wave function.
Autonomous mining for alarm correlation patterns based on time-shift similarity clustering in manufacturing system

Current alarm systems employed in manufacturing applications are ambiguous in terms of indicating the root causes of process disturbances, which causes many difficulties for decision making. As manufacturing systems increase in complexity and scale, the continued reliance on human operators for alarm information management is impossible. A computer-aided information management system would increase analytical capability for alarm analysis. To this effect, an autonomous data mining method is introduced to search historical alarm logs for the correlations that can represent causal relationships, which can aid alarm management and system improvement. A hierarchical clustering method is used to carry out the correlation pattern search. Moreover, the similarity function of this method is designed to identify certain pre-defined correlation patterns. This method is validated in a vertical turning machine center alarm system application. The proposed method can discover a large number of alarm correlations, which are usually neglected by operators, and manage the alarms in the way that clarify process disturbance and enable rapid root cause analysis
The robustness of a proximate time-optional controller [optional read optimal]

Two practical time-optimal controllers for rapid slewing of type-3 and type-2 third-order plants, PTOS3 and PTOS3/spl tau/, respectively, were previously proposed. In this paper, we present results showing that the PTOS3/spl tau/ is more robust than the corresponding time-optimal controller to both plant parameter variations and feasible unmodeled dynamics. In addition, a useful numerical method to calculate the time-optimal controls for general linear systems is presented. The results for the PTOS3 and the time-optimal controller for type-3 third-order plants are similar and thus are not detailed. >
Is Good Sex Good for You? Rethinking Sexuality and Health

Despite the central importance of sexuality to human well-being, the study of sexuality remains marginalized within health psychology, which hampers the ability of clinicians and policy-makers to promote comprehensive health and well-being. In this review we discuss the evidence that sexual functioning makes critical contributions to human health, focusing specifically on findings linking sexual activity to morbidity and mortality, to the health-promoting effects of intimate relationships, and to processes of emotion regulation. We argue that researchers studying the psychology of health and well-being should more substantively integrate sexuality into their research agendas. Health psychologists’ specific expertise in investigating and interpreting complex, reciprocal associations between subjective emotional states, health-relevant cognitions, and health-relevant behavior can make a notable contribution to elucidating some of the most intruiging correlations between sexuality and health that have emerged from medical and epidemiological studies. If we want to foster optimum physical and mental health among youths and adults, we must rigorously investigate the multiple mechanisms through which positive sexual functioning plays a unique and fundamental role in human well-being across the life course.
Generating small combinatorial test suites to cover input-output relationships

In this paper, we consider a problem that arises in black box testing: generating small test suites (i.e., sets of test cases) where the combinations that have to be covered are specified by input-output parameter relationships of a software system. That is, we only consider combinations of input parameters that affect an output parameter. We also do not assume that the input parameters have the same number of values. To solve this problem, we revisit the greedy algorithm for test generation and show that the size of the test suite it generates is within a logarithmic factor of the optimal. Unfortunately, the algorithm's main weaknesses are its time and space requirements for construction. To address this issue, we present a problem reduction technique that makes the greedy algorithm or any other test suite generation method more efficient if the reduction in size is significant.
TEM examination of phases formed between U-Pu-Zr fuel and Fe

Abstract Exposure to high temperatures and irradiation results in interaction and interdiffusion between fuel and cladding constituents that can lead to formation of undesirable brittle or low-melting point phases. A diffusion couple study has been conducted to understand fuel-cladding interaction occurring between U–22Pu–4Zr (in wt%) fuel and pure Fe at elevated temperatures. The phases formed within fuel cladding chemical interaction (FCCI) layer have been characterized in the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The phases formed within FCCI layer have been identified as Fe 2 U (Fd-3m), FeU 6 (I4/mcm), Fe 2 Zr (Fd-3m), FeZr 2 (I4/mcm), Fe 2 Pu (Fd-3m), UZr 2 (P6/mmm), β-Zr (Im-3m), and ZrO 2 (Fm-3m).
Development of a low-voltage piezohydraulic pump for compact hydraulic systems

Frequency-leveraged electrohydraulic and piezohydraulic pumps represent an alternative technology to traditional electromagnetic motors. The development of a 45 cm3 piezohydraulic pump utilizing a 2 g low-voltage piezoelectric stack is presented. The piezohydraulic pump flow rate and performance were measured and compared to existing pumps in the literature. The flow rate produced by piezohydraulic pump was a nonlinear function of pump operational frequency showing multiple peaks. These flow rate peaks were a function of accumulator size and hydraulic line resonance. The piezohydraulic pump was capable of producing a 125 kPa stall pressure, 186 mL min−1 no-load flow rate, and 0.14 W of power. This pump constitutes one of the two miniature piezohydraulic pumps capable of outputting useful mechanical work. In addition, these results demonstrate that the external hydraulic lines and hydraulic accumulators have a significant effect on the flow and power output of this technology.
Asymptotic analysis of high-dimensional LAD regression with Lasso

The Lasso is an attractive approach to variable selection in sparse, highdimensional regression models. Much work has been done to study the selection and estimation properties of the Lasso in the context of least squares regression. However, the least squares based method is sensitive to outliers. An alternative to the least squares method is the least absolute deviations (LAD) method which is robust to outliers in the responses. In this paper, we study the selection and estimation properties of the Lasso in LAD regression. We provide sufficient conditions under which the LAD-Lasso is estimation or selection consistent in sparse, high-dimensional settings. We use simulation studies to evaluate the performance of the LAD-Lasso, and compare the proposed method with the LS-Lasso in a range of generating models.
Insects Associated with the Southern Pine Beetle in Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi

Laboratory rearings designed to predict population trends of southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman, were conducted in Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi during 1963–65. Insects found associated with the beetle were collected and identified. Forty-two families of insects containing 84 species were found associated with the beetle in the 3 States. Of these, 7 were known predators and 8 were known parasites of the southern pine beetle. A torymid, Roptrocerus eccoptogastri (Ratzeburg), was the most prevalent hymenopterous parasite collected. Cecidostiba dendroctoni Ashmead was identified for the first time as a parasite of the southern pine beetle in Mississippi. Medetera maura Wheeler, a dolichopodid fly, identified from Texas and Louisiana, was one of the most abundant predators of the southern pine beetle. Impact of these associated insects on southern pine beetle population dynamics was not determined. However, the combination of all species of predators, parasites, and competitors probably had an effect in lessening the intensity or causing the decline of beetle outbreaks.
Determination of bed shear stress by digital particle image velocimetry in turbulent open channel flow

A precise knowledge of bed shear stress (τ o ) in open channels is useful in many fluid mechanics problems, such as sediment transport modeling, channel bed design, and resuspension modeling. Direct measurement of τ o is extremely difficult. For this reason, τ o is often computed from analytical expressions of the velocity field using time-averaged, water column velocity data obtained from hot-media anemometry. Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) has also been employed for the computation of τ o , using either the law of the wall theory or the Reynolds distribution for shear stress, τ, in the water column: τ = –ρ ¯ū'¯v¯'. The resulting vertical profile of τ is then extrapolated down to the bed/sediment interface to yield τ o . However, LDA is limited because the volume viewed by its laser intersection is very small; thus the measuring device must be moved several times in order to complete the measurements. In this project, Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV) is used to compute the vertical profile of τ using the Reynolds shear stress distribution for a fully developed turbulent flow field. DPIV is a non-intrusive optical technique that computes velocity vectors in a two-dimensional field using cross correlation of particle locations taken nanoseconds apart with a laser and recording camera. For this experiment, the area viewed by the DPIV was a small section inside the boundary layer, within 1 mm of the gravely-sand sediment bed. Because of experimental limitations, turbulent flow was induced by a front step in the open channel. Under these conditions, a shear stress profile should consist of two portions meeting to form a semi-parabolic shape. This pattern was observed in all profiles produced in the experiment.
Evaluating the effect of age on endometrial responsiveness to hormone replacement therapy: A histologic ultrasonographic, and tissue receptor analysis

Our objective was to characterize the endometria of women of various ages placed on similar estrogen/progesterone replacement regimens prior to attempted donor embryo transfer using histologic, ultrasonographic, and steroid receptor markers in order to determine if advancing age has a detrimental effect on uterine responsiveness to pharmacologic sex steroid replacement therapy.
Liposuction: Extracellular Fat Removal Promotes Proliferation

In this issue of Cell Chemical Biology, Yao et al. (2016) investigate the makeup of lipid membranes of both cancer and non-transformed cells to reveal that doubling cells preferentially use exogenous fatty acids over de novo synthesis to proliferate.
Formalizing Advanced Branching and Synchronization Patterns Using Pi Calculus

Pi calculus is a computer model which can be used to model concurrent and dynamic systems.The Pi calculus was proposed as a formal foundation for workflow after researching Pi calculus,further more advanced branching and synchronization patterns workflow patterns were described by using the Pi calculus in detail.
Brain Neurotransmitter Receptor Systems in Alcohol Treated Mice and in Mice Genetically Selected for Differences in Sensitivity to Alcohol

The properties of neurotransmitter receptor-effector systems were determined in C57BL/6 mice treated with 7% (v/v) ethanol and in mice selectively bred for differences in sleep time after ethanol administration. Mice treated with ethanol for 7 days and then withdrawn for 24 hours showed a decreased hypothermic response to apomorphine. There was no change in basal or dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity or in the density or affinity of the receptor for 3H-spiroperidol. A small decrease in the density of β-adrenergic receptors was observed in the cerebral cortex of alcohol-treated and withdrawn mice. This decrease was entirely due to a decrease in the density of β2-adrenergic receptors. No change was observed in cyclic AMP accumulation due to either α- or β-adrenergic receptor stimulation. Ethanol administration did result in a rapidly reversible increase in the density of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the hippocampus and cortex.
Homogeneous Entropy-Driven Amplified Detection of Biomolecular Interactions.

While a range of artificial biochemical circuits is likely to play a significant role in biological engineering, one of the challenges in the field is the design of circuits that can transduce between biomolecule classes (e.g., moving beyond nucleic acid only circuits). Herein, we design a transduction mechanism whereby a protein signal is transduced into an amplified nucleic acid output using DNA nanotechnology. In this system, a protein is recognized by nucleic acid bound recognition elements to form a catalytic complex that drives a hybridization/displacement reaction on a multicomponent nucleic acid substrate, releasing multiple target single-stranded oligonucleotides in an amplified fashion. Amplification power and simple one-pot reaction conditions lead us to apply the scheme in an assay format, achieving homogeneous and rapid (∼10 min) analyte detection that is also robust (operable in whole blood and plasma). In addition, we demonstrate the assay in a microfluidic digital assay format leading to i...
Chamber measurements of high CO2 emissions from a rainforest stream receiving old C-rich regional groundwater.

Carbon emissions from fluvial systems are a key component of local and regional carbon cycles. We used floating chambers to investigate the CO2 flux from stream water to air ( $${\text{f}}_{{{\text{CO}}_{ 2} }}$$ ) in the Arboleda, a stream in the lowland rainforest of Costa Rica, fed partly by old regional groundwater high in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). Drifting and static chambers showed $${\text{f}}_{{{\text{CO}}_{ 2} }}$$ averaging 35.5 and 72.7 μmol C m−2 s−1, respectively, bracketing the previously-published $${\text{f}}_{{{\text{CO}}_{ 2} }}$$ value of 56 μmol C m−2 s−1 obtained using tracer methods in this stream. These values are much higher than most $${\text{f}}_{{{\text{CO}}_{ 2} }}$$ data in the literature and reflect a large flux of deep crustal (non-biogenic) CO2 out of the Arboleda, a flux that does not represent a component of ecosystem respiration. Static chambers appeared to overestimate $${\text{f}}_{{{\text{CO}}_{ 2} }}$$ by creating artificial turbulence, while drifting chambers may have underestimated $${\text{f}}_{{{\text{CO}}_{ 2} }}$$ by under-sampling areas of potentially high gas exchange (e.g., riffles around coarse woody debris obstructions). Both static and drifting chambers revealed high spatial heterogeneity in $${\text{f}}_{{{\text{CO}}_{ 2} }}$$ at the scale of 5–30 m reaches. Some observed temporal trends were localized, e.g., among three reaches with repeated measurements through the wet and dry seasons, (1) only the reach located between the other two showed significantly lower $${\text{f}}_{{{\text{CO}}_{ 2} }}$$ during the dry season, and (2) the highest and lowest $${\text{f}}_{{{\text{CO}}_{ 2} }}$$ were consistently observed in the reaches farthest upstream and downstream, respectively. Streams like the Arboleda receiving significant inputs of high-DIC regional groundwater merit additional study as hotspots for C emissions from terrestrial ecosystems.
Investigating Patterns of Errors for Specific Comprehension and Fluency Difficulties.

Although word reading has traditionally been viewed as a foundational skill for development of reading fluency and comprehension, some children demonstrate “specific” reading comprehension problems...
EHF Power Generation for Tactical, Mobile and Strategic MILSATCOM Terminals

EHF MILSATCOM earth terminals are rapidly becoming a reality. EHF power sources (transmitters) are both a high technology and large production cost element of most terminal implementation approaches. To provide the MILSATCOM community with a current technology status, an industry survey has been conducted among several governmental procurement organizations and potential industry suppliers. The survey, as presented in this paper, addresses specific needs of planned terminals at 45 and 30 GHz. Both devices and high-power amplifiers (HPA's) are investigated in the survey, with particular attention given to near-term requirements. The paper considers both TWT and solid-state devices available now as developmental products. IMPATT diodes provide the most extensive effort to date in solid-state device technology, with power FET's offering a long-term solution with some inherent circuit combining advantages. IMPATT diodes are under development applying silicon (Si), gallium arsenide (GaAs), and indium phosphide (InP), materials to device requirements on a frequency selective basis. Current TWT technology is centered around coupled cavity and wound-helix slow-circuit approaches. A brief review of major EHF MILSATCOM earth terminal requirements is presented as it relates to the transmitter power and platform constraints.
Defining Digital Self-Harm

Self-harm is the infliction of pain or injury onto oneself. Though historically these behaviors were relegated to the fringes of communities, information technology now enables new ways to foster and encourage these dangerous activities. This paper defines the concept of digital self-harm as the online communication and activity that leads to, supports, or exacerbates, non-suicidal yet intentional harm or impairment of an individual's physical wellbeing. We outline a research agenda for the CSCW community to understand the correlation and possible causation of offline self-harm behaviors due to online activities, and to design and assess technologies focused on prevention, mitigation and treatment. CAUTION: This paper includes media that could potentially be triggering to those dealing with an eating disorder or with other self-harm related illnesses. Please use caution when reading or disseminating this paper.
Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography Angiography for Evaluation, Planning, and Surveillance of Complex Endovascular Repair

Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is essential to evaluate, plan, and follow complex endovascular aortic repair. Techniques of fenestrated, branched, and parallel stent-grafts continue to evolve and rely on precise measurements of the aortic anatomy. Recent advances with lower radiation and contrast protocols may reduce some of the risks and limitations of CTA. This chapter summarizes basic concepts, established protocols, innovations, and key findings on surveillance of fenestrated and branched endografts using CTA.