cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Whole abdominopelvic intensity-modulated radiation therapy for desmoplastic small round cell tumor after surgery.

Purpose Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSCRT) is an uncommon pediatric tumor with a poor prognosis. Aggressive multimodality therapy is the current treatment approach; however. treatment toxicity is of concern. We report our results with whole abdominopelvic intensity-modulated radiation therapy (WAP-IMRT) as a component of multimodality therapy for DSCRT at a single institution. Materials/Methods Medical records of all patients with DSCRT who received WAP-IMRT as part of definitive treatment at MD Anderson (2006–2010) were identified and reviewed. Results Eight patients with DSRCT received WAP-IMRT with a median follow-up of 15.2 months. All patients received multiple courses of chemotherapy followed by surgical debulking of intra-abdominal disease; seven also had intraoperative hyperthermic cisplatin. WAP-IMRT was delivered to a total dose of 30 Gy postoperatively; four patients received a simultaneous boost (6–10 Gy) to sites of gross residual disease. Seven patients received concurrent chemotherapy during WAP-IMRT. No Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Grade 4 nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea occurred during RT. Red-cell transfusions were given to two patients to maintain hemoglobin levels >10 g/dL. Grade 4 cytopenia requiring growth factor support occurred in only one patient; no other significant cytopenias were noted. WAP-IMRT resulted in 25% lower radiation doses to the lumbosacral vertebral bodies and pelvic bones than conventional RT plans. The median time to local or distant failure after WAP-IMRT was 8.73 months in seven patients. One patient who had completed RT 20 months before the last follow-up remains alive without evidence of disease. Five patients (63%) experienced treatment failure in the abdomen. Distant failure occurred in three patients (37.5%). Conclusions WAP-IMRT with concurrent radiosensitizing chemotherapy was well tolerated after aggressive surgery for DSCRT. Enhanced bone sparing with IMRT probably accounts for the low hematologic toxicity (vs. conventional WAP-RT). This modality should be considered as an additional local-regional control option for DSRCT.
Modeling the interactions between the ocean and the environment for microwave radar sensing

An extensive set of X-band microwave backscatter measurements has been analyzed to determine its dependence on winds near the surface, atmospheric stability, and long-wave slopes. These radar measurements, made from a tower in the Gulf of Mexico, were performed in conjunction with an extensive set of simultaneous environmental measurements. The CW microwave system operated at an incidence angle of 45 deg, with antennas directed into winds and waves. Model functions for the radar cross section (RCS) and the modulation transfer function (MTF) are developed that depend on the geophysical variables, including wind stress. Statistical analysis shows that these models functions yield a significant smaller error when fit to the RCS data than a simple wind-speed function displays. A Taylor-series expansion of the returned power from a small area provides a unified function that demonstrates the complementary roles of wave slope and atmospheric fluctuations on both the RCS, the MTF, and the coherence. The issue of linearity of the MTF is addressed with this data set, yielding evidence that this is a valid assumption. These results have direct application to the remote sensing of the mean and fluctuating winds, and the wave spectrum with coherent and incoherent active radars.
Enhanced vibration suppression in HDDs using instrumented suspensions

High resolution thin film strains sensors have been successfully integrated into instrumented suspension prototypes, and utilized in an operating experimental disk drive. Realistic plant and disturbance models were obtained from experimental data. Multi-rate, nominal H 2 control synthesis was then utilized to investigate closed-loop vibration suppression. Simulations demonstrate improved tracking performance with auxiliary high resolution, high-rate strain sensing.
A highly polarized excitable cell separates sodium channels from sodium-activated potassium channels by more than a millimeter

The bioelectrical properties and resulting metabolic demands of electrogenic cells are determined by their morphology and the subcellular localization of ion channels. The electric organ cells (ele...
Capillary and Microfluidic Gradient Elution Isotachophoresis Coupled to Capillary Zone Electrophoresis for Femtomolar Amino Acid Detection Limits

In this work, gradient elution isotachophoresis was combined with capillary zone electrophoresis (GEITP-CZE) in a single microcolumn. The multistage approach addresses the issues of analyte resolution difficulties in GEITP, as well as poor concentration sensitivity in CZE. GEITP employs rapid electrophoretic focusing at a discontinuous ionic interface within a sample well generated through combined electroosmotic and hydrodynamic flows. The interface and enriched analytes are then pulled into a capillary or microchannel as the counter-flow is reduced for on-column detection. To transform GEITP-focused samples to CZE-based separation, the sample solution is replaced with CZE buffer solution while maintaining hydrodynamic flow to ensure migration toward the detector. The single solution switch and lack of polarity inversion allows for reproducible separations (typically <6% relative standard deviation in peak heights and <0.5% in migration times). Low-pressure hydrodynamic flow during CZE allowed for flexib...
Non-coplanar baselines effect in interferometry

Non-coplanar sampling of the visibility function measured by interferometric arrays leads to difficulties in imaging wide-fields. Unlike the case for co-planar sampling or small fields of view, the relationship between sky brightness and the visibility is not a simple two-dimensional Fourier transform, and so the usual methods of image reconstruction cannot be applied. We describe and analyze some of the many schemes which have been advocated to overcome this problem. The most promising is based upon an observation by Clark that if the sky brightness is thought of as lying on a surface embedded in a three dimensional space, a Fourier relationship does hold.
CIAM urbanism after the Athens charter

CIAM (Congres Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne) was the most well‐known organization of what is often referred to as the ‘Modern Movement’ in architecture. This article discusses the group's urbanistic doctrines in light of the changing circumstances of its key members, primarily Le Corbusier, Walter Gropius, Sigfried Giedion, and Jose Luis Sert. After a brief survey of CIAM's early years and its most famous manifesto, the Athens Charter (1933), this article focuses on the effects of Gropius and Sert's American exile and examines the rise of differing conceptions within the organization about the validity of the ‘Functional City’ approach developed at the Fourth (Athens) Conference. In the conclusion there is a discussion of the rise of Team X and the dissolution of CIAM in the 1950s.
Performance of parallel preconditioners for adaptive hp FEM discretization of incompressible flows

Adaptive hp finite element (FEM) approximations of incompressible flow make special demands on parallel solution algorithms. We report here on the performance of standard algebraic preconditioning techniques for the efficient solution of such problems. We employ a Schur complement scheme to eliminate the ‘bubble’ degrees of freedom associated with the velocity field, thus removing the zeros from the diagonals and enabling the use of standard algebraic techniques. Using new data management strategies and the PETSc library of iterative solvers for linear systems, numerical results for Jacobi, Block Jacobi and Additive Schwartz preconditioners are presented. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Note on the Origin of the Averaging and Indexing of Stock Prices

In the manner of the Creole tradesmen of Louisiana, whose lagniappe to their patrons is legendary, the Editors offer a similar bonus to readers of the Review. Instead of trifling presents added to a purchase, however, our lagniappe will be documents illustrative of the evolution of business enterprise. It is hoped thus to provide a wider availability of the raw materials of business history to teachers and researchers.
Using item banks to construct measures of patient reported outcomes in clinical trials: investigator perceptions

Background Item response theory (IRT) promises more sensitive and efficient measurement of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) than traditional approaches; however, the selection and use of PRO measures from IRT-based item banks differ from current methods of using PRO measures. Purpose To anticipate barriers to the adoption of IRT item banks into clinical trials. Methods We conducted semistructured telephone or in-person interviews with 42 clinical researchers who published results from clinical trials in the Journal of the American Medical Association, the New England Journal of Medicine, or other leading clinical journals from July 2005 through May 2006. Interviews included a brief tutorial on IRT item banks. Results After the tutorial, 39 of 42 participants understood the novel products available from an IRT item bank, namely customized short forms and computerized adaptive testing. Most participants (38/42) thought that item banks could be useful in their clinical trials, but they mentioned several potential barriers to adoption, including economic and logistical constraints, concerns about whether item banks are better than current PRO measures, concerns about how to convince study personnel or statisticians to use item banks, concerns about FDA or sponsor acceptance, and the lack of availability of item banks validated in specific disease populations. Limitations Selection bias might have led to more positive responses to the concept of item banks in clinical trials. Conclusions Clinical investigators are open to a new method of PRO measurement offered in IRT item banks, but bank developers must address investigator and stakeholder concerns before widespread adoption can be expected.
Trans-sialidase activity of Photobacterium damsela α2,6-sialyltransferase and its application in the synthesis of sialosides

Trans-sialidases catalyze the transfer of a sialic acid from one sialoside to an acceptor to form a new sialoside. alpha2,3-Trans-sialidase activity was initially discovered in the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, and more recently was found in a multifunctional Pasteurella multocida sialyltransferase PmST1. alpha2,8-Trans-sialidase activity was also described for a multifunctional Campylobacter jejuni sialyltransferase CstII. We report here the discovery of the alpha2,6-trans-sialidase activity of a previously reported recombinant truncated bacterial alpha2,6-sialyltransferase from Photobacterium damsela (Delta15Pd2,6ST). This is the first time that the alpha2,6-trans-sialidase activity has ever been identified. Kinetic studies indicate that Delta15Pd2,6ST-catalyzed trans-sialidase reaction follows a ping-pong bi-bi reaction mechanism. Cytidine 5'-monophosphate, the product of sialyltransferase reactions, is not required by the trans-sialidase activity of the enzyme but enhances the trans-sialidase activity modestly as a non-essential activator. Using chemically synthesized Neu5AcalphapNP and LacbetaMU, alpha2,6-linked sialoside Neu5Acalpha2,6LacbetaMU has been obtained in one-step in high yield using the trans-sialidase activity of Delta15Pd2,6ST. In addition to the alpha2,6-trans-sialidase activity, Delta15Pd2,6ST also has alpha2,6-sialidase activity. The multifunctionality is thus a common feature of many bacterial sialyltransferases.
Nutrition of Mycorrhizal Soybean Evaluated by the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS)

(...) Plant development and nutritional status differed among the treatments. Analysis by DRIS confirmed that N, P, and K were limiting, and established different rankings in the degree of deficiency for each nutrient. Nitrogen was least limiting in all four treatments and K or P were most limiting in each of two treatments. The analysis permitted a ranking of the G. mosseae isolates as to their effects on the uptake of each nutrient. (...)
Volitional control of attention and brain activation in dual task performance.

This study used functional MRI (fMRI) to examine the neural effects of willfully allocating one's attention to one of two ongoing tasks. In a dual task paradigm, participants were instructed to focus either on auditory sentence comprehension, mental rotation, or both. One of the major findings is that the distribution of brain activation was amenable to strategic control, such that the amount of activation per task was systematically related to the attention-dividing instructions. The activation in language process- ing regions was lower when attending to mental rotation than when attending to the sentences, and the activation in visuospatial processing regions was lower when attending to sentences than when attending to mental rotations. Additionally, the activation was found to be underadditive, with the dual-task condition eliciting less activation than the sum of the attend sentence and attend rotation conditions. We also observed a laterality shift across conditions within language-processing regions, with the attend sentence condition showing bilateral activation, while the dual task condition showed a left hemispheric dominance. This shift suggests multiple language-processing modes and may explain the underadditivity in activation observed in the current and previous studies. Hum Brain Mapp 28:109 -117, 2007. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Proximal artificial sphincter cuff repositioning for urethral atrophy incontinence

Abstract Objectives Recurrent incontinence after implantation of an artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) may be due to urethral atrophy. Treatment options consist of decreasing the cuff size, increasing the balloon pressure, implanting a double-cuff system, or proximal cuff repositioning. The first three options may increase the risk of erosion. Increasing the balloon pressure does not effectively increase cuff pressure. This article demonstrates that proximal cuff repositioning is a safe, simple, and effective technique in the management of recurrent incontinence as a result of a loss of cuff compression due to urethral atrophy. Methods Six patients underwent proximal repositioning of the AUS (AS-800) cuff for recurrent post-prostatectomy incontinence. Urethral atrophy was determined by a thorough systematic evaluation. A detailed description of the surgical technique is provided. Results Five of 6 patients (83%) had significant improvement in incontinence with an average follow-up of greater than 1 year. In 1 patient with no improvement, preoperative urodynamics revealed poor detrusor compliance in addition to sphincter weakness due to loss of cuff compression. Conclusions Proximal cuff repositioning on the bulbar urethra is an effective, safe, and simple technique in the management of recurrent incontinence due to urethral atrophy and may minimize the risk of erosion.
From Homo Economicus to Homo Sapiens

Responding to a request for a forecast is especially tricky for someone like me, who specializes in other people’s biases. Research in psychology suggests that certain biases are very likely to creep into my forecasts about the future of economics (or anything else). 1. Optimism (and wishful thinking). We all tend to be optimistic about the future. On the first day of my MBA class on decision-making at the University of Chicago, every single student expects to get an above-the-median grade, yet half are inevitably disappointed. This optimism will induce me to predict that economics will become more like I want it to be. 2. Overconfidence. In a related phenomenon, people believe they are better forecasters than they really are. Ask people for 90 percent confidence limits for the estimates of various general knowledge questions and the correct answers will lie within the limits less than 70 percent of the time. Overconfidence will induce me to make forecasts that are bolder than they should be. 3. The False Consensus Effect. We tend to think others are just like us. My colleague, George Wu, asked his students two questions: Do you have a cell phone? What percentage of the class has a cell phone? Cell phone owners thought 65 percent of the class had mobile phones, while the immobile phoners thought only 40 percent did. (The right answer was about halfway in between.) The false consensus effect will trap me into thinking that other economists will agree with me—20 years of contrary evidence notwithstanding. 4. The Curse of Knowledge. Once we know something, we can’t imagine ever thinking otherwise. This makes it hard for us to realize that what we know may be less than obvious to others who are less informed. The curse of knowledge will lead
A molecular view of plant centromeres

Although plants were the organisms of choice in several classical centromere studies, molecular and biochemical studies of plant centromeres have lagged behind those in model animal species. However, in the past several years, several centromeric repetitive DNA elements have been isolated in plant species and their roles in centromere function have been demonstrated. Most significantly, a Ty3/gypsy class of centromere-specific retrotransposons, the CR family, was discovered in the grass species. The CR elements are highly enriched in chromatin domains associated with CENH3, the centromere-specific histone H3 variant. CR elements as well as their flanking centromeric satellite DNA are actively transcribed in maize. These data suggest that the deposition of centromeric histones might be a transcription-coupled event.
T Helper Lymphocytes Rescue CTL from Activation-Induced Cell Death

T cell activation is characterized by a vast expansion of Ag-specific T cells followed by an equally extensive reduction in T cell numbers. This decline is due, in part, to activation-induced apoptosis of the responding T cells during repeated encounter with Ag. In the current study, we used solid-phase MHC class I/peptide monomers to cause activation-induced cell death (AICD) of previously activated CD8 T cells in an Ag-specific manner. AICD occurred rapidly and was mediated primarily by Fas–FasL interactions. Most interestingly, we observed that Th cells could provide survival signals to CTL significantly reducing the level of AICD. Both Th1 and Th2 subsets were capable of protecting CTL from AICD, and a major role for soluble factors in this protection was ruled out, as cell-to-cell contact was an essential component of this Th-mediated protection. Upon encounter with Ag-expressing tumor cells, CTL underwent significant apoptosis. However, in the presence of Th cells, the CTL not only were protected against death, but also had significantly greater lytic ability. In vivo tumor protection studies using peptide immunization showed that the activation of Ag-specific Th cells was crucial for optimal protection, but did not affect the magnitude of the CTL response in the lymphoid tissues. In this study, we examine the type of help that CD4 T cells may provide and propose a model of Th cell–CTL interaction that reduces CTL death. Our results show a novel role for Th cells in the maintenance of CTL responses.
Staphylococcus aureus Fatty Acid Auxotrophs Do Not Proliferate in Mice

Inactivation of acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) carboxylase confers resistance to fatty acid synthesis inhibitors in Staphylococcus aureus on media supplemented with fatty acids. The addition of anteiso-fatty acids (1 mM) plus lipoic acid supports normal growth of ΔaccD strains, but supplementation with mammalian fatty acids was less efficient. Mice infected with strain RN6930 developed bacteremia, but bacteria were not detected in mice infected with its ΔaccD derivative. S. aureus bacteria lacking acetyl-CoA carboxylase can be propagated in vitro but were unable to proliferate in mice, suggesting that the acquisition of inactivating mutations in this enzyme is not a mechanism for the evasion of fatty acid synthesis inhibitors.
The relationship between the structural and orthogonal compressive properties of trabecular bone

In this study, cubes of trabecular bone with a wide range of structural properties were scanned on a micro-computed tomography system to produce complete three-dimensional digitizations from which morphological and architectural parameters could be measured in a nondestructive manner. The cubes were then mechanically tested in uniaxial compression in three orthogonal directions and to failure in one direction to find the orthogonal tangent elastic moduli and ultimate strengths. After testing, the cubes were weighed and ashed to determine the apparent and ash densities. A high correlation between the basic stereologic measurements was found, indicating that there is a relationship between the amount of bone and number of trabeculae in cancellous bone. Regression analysis was used to estimate the modulus and ultimate strength; these regressions accounted for 68-90% of the variance in these measures. These relationships were dependent on the metaphyseal type and donor, with the modulus also dependent on the direction of testing. This indicates that the properties of the individual trabeculae, as well as their amount and organization, may be important in predicting the mechanical properties of cancellous bone.
Signal Integrity of RZ Data in Micron-scale Silicon Ring Resonators

This paper quantifies the signal degradation that results from sideband attenuation imposed on high speed RZ-OOK optical signals as they pass through high-Q microring resonators. In addition, we have experimentally verified a numerical model, which predicts the degree of signal distortion incurred by microring resonators as quantified by the power penalty
A Combined Reaction Sensitivity Index for Development of Skeletal Reaction Models: Application to Ethylene/Methane and Air Mixtures

An important flrst step in any chemical kinetic mechanism reduction is the extraction of a skeletal reaction model from a detailed reaction model consisting of over 500 reactions. Our previous work has shown that the skeletal models developed based on ignition and ∞ame propagation analyses of ethylene-air mixtures worked poorly in predicting the extinction condition of non-premixed mixtures. 1 In order to address this deflciency, sensitivity coe‐cients of ∞ame extinction of non-premixed ∞ames with respect to the reaction rate parameter perturbations are evaluated and implemented in the reduction procedure described here. To our knowledge, such an analysis of non-premixed ∞ames has never been considered previously. By combining sensitivity indices for ignition, propagation, and extinction, the development of comprehensive sensitivity index and extraction of an optimal skeletal reaction model for fuel-air mixtures consisting of ethylene/methane is the focus of this work.
Increasing the efficiency of fuzzy logic-based gene expression data analysis.

DNA microarray technology can accommodate a multifaceted analysis of the expression of genes in an organism. The wealth of spatiotemporal data generated by this technology allows researchers to pot...
Cloud Properties Simulated by a Single-Column Model. Part II: Evaluation of Cumulus Detrainment and Ice-Phase Microphysics Using a Cloud-Resolving Model

This paper is the second in a series in which kilometer-scale-resolving observations from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program and a cloud-resolving model (CRM) are used to evaluate the single-column model (SCM) version of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Global Forecast System model. Part I demonstrated that kilometer-scale cirrus properties simulated by the SCM significantly differ from the cloud radar observations while the CRM simulation reproduced most of the cirrus properties as revealed by the observations. The present study describes an evaluation, through a comparison with the CRM, of the SCM's representation of detrainment from deep cumulus and ice-phase microphysics in an effort to better understand the findings of Part I. It is found that detrainment occurs too infrequently at a single level at a time in the SCM, although the detrainment rate averaged over the entire simulation period is somewhat comparable to that of the CRM simulation. Relatively too much detrained ice is sublimated when first detrained. Snow falls over too deep of a layer due to the assumption that snow source and sink terms exactly balance within one time step in the SCM. These characteristics in the SCM parameterizations may explain many of the differences in the cirrus properties between the SCM and the observations (or between the SCM and the CRM). A possible improvement for the SCM consists of the inclusion of multiple cumulus cloud types as in the original Arakawa-Schubert scheme, prognostically determining the stratiform cloud fraction and snow mixing ratio. This would allow better representation of the detrainment from deep convection, better coupling of the volume of detrained air with cloud fraction, and better representation of snow field.
Comparison of Commercial Diluents for Holding Turkey Semen 24 Hours at 5 C

Abstract The ability was examined of three commercial turkey semen diluents, Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender II (BPSE), Instruments for Veterinary Medicine (IMV), and Minnesota Turkey Growers Association (MTGA) and two diluents containing antibiotics, BPSE + tobramycin (T) and MTGA + gentamicin (G), to maintain the fertilizing capacity of turkey semen held for 24 h at 5 C. Hens were inseminated weekly with 200 million viable spermatozoa for 15 wk. Fertility of unstored, diluted (1:1) semen in MTGA + G (90%) was significantly lower than semen diluted in BPSE (95%) or IMV (95%). Fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa diluted in BPSE + T (94%) and MTGA (91%) was not different from that of semen diluted in the other diluents. Fertility of semen stored for 24 h was highest stored in BPSE (77%) followed by values for storage in BPSE + T (64%), MTGA + G (60%), MTGA (41%), and IMV (38%). Fertility was affected by a significant interaction between semen diluent and storage time. When compared with effects of storage in both Beltsville extenders, spermatozoa stored in the other diluents were less motile. Spermatozoa stored in all extenders except BPSE had a high rate of lysis.
INNOVATIONS IN TEACHING COMPUTER LITERACY: A CLASSROOM RESEARCH PROJECT

In Fall 1989, the author revamped his coursse syllabus for Computer Literacy by introducing individualized learning contracts, along with journal writing and journal sharing. This self‐study summarizes the author's experiences with that new syllabus, examines student outcomes in terms of student satisfaction and student success rates, and compares these results with those obtained by the same instructor in the same course the previous year. The results suggest that students are more satisfied with the new format and that some student subgroups, especially females and blacks, were more successful.
Discrete ambiguities in the measurement of the weak phase γ

Several methods have been devised for measuring the phase of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa unitarity triangle, using decays of the type B --> DK. It is shown that these and other direct CP-violation measurements suffer from discrete ambiguity which is at least 8-fold. Combining two measurement methods helps reduce the ambiguity and the experimental error. The measurement sensitivity and new physics discovery potential are estimated using a full Monte Carlo detector simulation with realistic background estimates, giving particular consideration to ambiguities.
Energy implication of various VoIP codecs in portable devices

Current portable devices e.g. cell phones, PDA's and laptops are mainly Wi-Fi capable. Users can make efficient use of these devices by running various applications. Among these, the Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) application is very popular. As new models of these devices emerge, they are increasingly power hungry in terms of processing and communication. As a result, battery lifetime is one of the most critical performance parameters. This paper presents experimental studies on the energy depletion characteristics of VoIP applications when using various codecs in an IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN setting. The effect of high, medium and low bandwidth codecs on battery life is studied and an adaptive algorithm is proposed that switches codecs in the middle of an active call based on remaining battery life.
Measurement of Clinical Efficacy in Studies of Heart Failure

To the Editor: A recent clinical investigation reported by Packer et al1 used a multiplicity of end points to assess the efficacy of carvedilol for heart failure because the most appropriate measure(s) have not been firmly established. Statistically significant favorable effects of carvedilol compared with placebo were observed for measures commonly used in clinical practice, such as NYHA classification, physician’s assessment of changes in clinical status, and asking patients if they felt better compared with baseline. These congruent results do not represent independent assessments. Other measures, including a previously validated quality-of-life questionnaire, did not demonstrate significant differences.2 3 These discrepant results may have been due to differences in the content of measures, timing of assessments, and statistical methods. Nevertheless, the authors concluded that these results have important implications for future clinical trials, implying that simple symptom assessments were adequate to assess clinical efficacy because they correspond with …
Using Text Mining Techniques to Extract Rationale from Existing Documentation

Software development and maintenance require making many decisions over the lifetime of the software. The decision problems, alternative solutions, and the arguments for and against these solutions comprise the system’s rationale. This information is potentially valuable as a record of the developer and maintainers’ intent. Unfortunately, this information is not explicitly captured in a structured form that can be easily analyzed. Still, while rationale is not explicitly captured, that does not mean that rationale is not captured at all—decisions are documented in many ways throughout the development process. This paper tackles the issue of extracting rationale from text by describing a mechanism for using two existing tools, GATE (General Architecture for Text Engineering) and WEKA (Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis) to build classification models for text mining of rationale. We used this mechanism to evaluate different combinations of text features and machine learning algorithms to extract rationale from Chrome bug reports. Our results are comparable in accuracy to those obtained by human annotators.
Nonlinear system identification for the interaction of synthetic jets with a boundary layer

Considered in this paper is the development of a dynamic model based on system identification for a specific problem of active control of flow separation using synthetic jets. A feedback control loop is very crucial for the efficient operation of synthetic jets. Constructing the dynamic model of the jets is of fundamental importance to accomplish such feedback control. We apply a polynomial NARMAX (nonlinear autoregressive moving average model with exogenous inputs) method to the results derived from numerical simulation, where the interaction of synthetic jets with a laminar boundary layer is examined. Since the pressure distribution across a control surface including the jet slot is a good measure of flow separation, a dynamic nonlinear model is identified for the downstream pressure response with respect to the synthetic jet actuation. The model is verified using a set of CFD simulation results with different actuation frequencies. The identified dynamic model with uncertainty caused by variation of free stream velocity is proposed for control system design for mitigating flow separation.
The Golgi complex in stress and death

The Golgi complex is a central organelle of the secretory pathway where sorting and processing of cargo occurs. While Golgi structure is important for the efficient processing of secretory cargo, the unusual organization suggests additional potential functions. The Golgi is disassembled after various cellular stresses, and we hypothesize that Golgi disassembly activates a stress signaling pathway. This pathway would function to correct the stress if possible, with irreparable stress resulting in apoptosis. Neurons appear to be particularly sensitive to Golgi stress; early disassembly of the organelle correlates with many neurodegenerative diseases. Here, Golgi stress and potential signaling pathways to the nucleus are reviewed.
Nonlinear infrared plasmonic waveguide arrays

The large negative permittivity of noble metals in the infrared region prevents the possibility of highly confined plasmons in simple waveguide structures such as thin films or rods. This is a critical obstacle to applications of nonlinear plasmonics in the telecommunication wavelength region. We theoretically propose and numerically demonstrate that such limitation can be overcome by exploiting inter-element coupling effects in a plasmonic waveguide array. The supermodes of a plasmonic array span a large range of effective indices, making these structures ideal for broadband mode-multiplexed interconnects for integrated photonic devices. We show such plasmonic waveguide arrays can significantly enhance nonlinear optical interactions when operating in a high-index, tightly bound supermode. For example, a third-order nonlinear coefficient in such a waveguide can be more than three orders of magnitude larger compared to silicon waveguides of similar dimensions. These findings open new design possibilities towards the application of plasmonics in integrated optical devices in the telecommunications spectral region.
Nuclear Quadrupole Interaction of Sb 121 and Sb 123 in Antimony Metal

The five nuclear quadrupole resonances of ${\mathrm{Sb}}^{121}$ and ${\mathrm{Sb}}^{123}$ have been measured at 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K giving the quadrupole couplings $eqQ=76.867\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.001 \mathrm{and} 97.999\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.001$ Mc/sec, respectively. The temperature dependence of the interaction has been measured from 2 to 480\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Both isotopes have the same temperature dependence of $(\frac{1}{\ensuremath{\nu}})(\frac{d\ensuremath{\nu}}{\mathrm{dT}})\ensuremath{\approx}2.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}${\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The ionic field gradient provides about 10% of this measured quadrupole coupling.
Research of Structural Fire Modeling in Foreign Countries

This article introduces the development of structural fire modeling in overseas.its emphasis is the content of zone fire models and fire simulation with computer.then it gives some introductions about FDS/Smokeview’s features and functions.
An Automated Method of Measurement of Intracranial Mechanical Properties

Measurement of ICP is useful in monitoring brain injured patients (Lundberg 1960, Marshall 1979), but the small, early changes in ICP are not a sensitive means of predicting further increases in ICP. The change in ICP is small with the first ccs of volume added to the cranial cavity and is not significantly larger than the normal variation in ICP. Only after several ccs of volume are added to the system does intracranial pressure begin to increase significantly and, at that point, relatively small changes in intracranial volume may significantly increase the ICP.
Comments on The Mighty and The Almighty

I find myself in sympathy with much of what Wolterstorff says in The Mighty and the Almighty. Where I am competent to assess his claims—as in the less exegetical and more philosophical parts of the book—I often find myself not just in sympathy but in agreement. I am, however, less inclined than he to think that topdown accounts of political authority can deliver the conclusions that he and I both want. Because Wolterstorff’s attempt to deliver those conclusions goes by way of Pauline claims about the nature of the Church, I shall raise questions about Wolterstorff’s arguments in a round-about way, beginning with some questions about ecclesiology.
Civic Capacity: Theory, Research and Practice

AbstractThis paper reviews the symposium as a first reporting of a collective research effort in Civic Capacity. Civic capacity includes social capital but extends the domain to the social requirements for successful democratic governance. Research topics include the relationship of the individual and the community; the nature of civic capacity and its relationship to concepts of social capital, trust, and civic engagement; and the relationship between civic capacity and democratic governance. As is common in public administration, the authors in the symposium use different approaches for integrating what is known about civic capacity. This paper develops theory building, the social science research process and reflective practice as distinct conceptual approaches and reviews the symposium papers on that basis in an analysis section. In a discussion section, the set is reviewed for contributions to theory, research and practice.
He Dies, He Scores: Evidence That Reminders of Death Motivate Improved Performance in Basketball

This research applied insights from terror management theory (TMT; Greenberg, Pyszczynski, & Solomon, 1986) to the world of sport. According to TMT, self-esteem buffers against the potential for death anxiety. Because sport allows people to attain self-esteem, reminders of death may improve performance in sport. In Study 1, a mortality salience induction led to improved performance in a "one-on-one" basketball game. In Study 2, a subtle death prime led to higher scores on a basketball shooting task, which was associated with increased task-related self-esteem. These results may promote our understanding of sport and provide a novel potential way to improve athletic performance.
Physical and cultural determinants of postpartum pelvic floor support and symptoms following vaginal delivery: a protocol for a mixed-methods prospective cohort study

Introduction Pelvic floor disorders (PFDs), including pelvic organ prolapse (POP), stress and urgency urinary incontinence, and faecal incontinence, are common and arise from loss of pelvic support. Although severe disease often does not occur until women become older, pregnancy and childbirth are major risk factors for PFDs, especially POP. We understand little about modifiable factors that impact pelvic floor function recovery after vaginal birth. This National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded Program Project, ‘Bridging physical and cultural determinants of postpartum pelvic floor support and symptoms following vaginal delivery’, uses mixed-methods research to study the influences of intra-abdominal pressure, physical activity, body habitus and muscle fitness on pelvic floor support and symptoms as well as the cultural context in which women experience those changes. Methods and analysis Using quantitative methods, we will evaluate whether pelvic floor support and symptoms 1 year after the first vaginal delivery are affected by biologically plausible factors that may impact muscle, nerve and connective tissue healing during recovery (first 8 weeks postpartum) and strengthening (remainder of the first postpartum year). Using qualitative methods, we will examine cultural aspects of perceptions, explanations of changes in pelvic floor support, and actions taken by Mexican-American and Euro-American primipara, emphasising early changes after childbirth. We will summarise project results in a resource toolkit that will enhance opportunities for dialogue between women, their families and providers, and across lay and medical discourses. We anticipate enrolling up to 1530 nulliparous women into the prospective cohort study during the third trimester, following those who deliver vaginally 1 year postpartum. Participants will be drawn from this cohort to meet the project9s aims. Ethics and dissemination The University of Utah and Intermountain Healthcare Institutional Review Boards approved this study. Data are stored in a secure password-protected database. Papers summarising the primary results and ancillary analyses will be published in peer-reviewed journals.
Efficacy of celecoxib versus ibuprofen for the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: A randomized double-blind, non-inferiority trial:

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and tolerability of celecoxib and ibuprofen for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis symptoms.MethodIn this 6-week, multicentre, double-blind, non-inferiority trial...
The emergence of what where coordination in human infants

Sequential touching is a spontaneous behavior, there is no real task; instead, the infant's behavior at any moment with respect to the array of objects is guided by and revealing of their own internal state and biases. The present findings show that 12 month old infants' sequential behavior—where they reach next—is strongly controlled by location information without regard to object information. These young infants reach to objects near each other — to the middle objects and to peripheral objects in same spatial clusters—with the next object reached to primarily determined by its proximity in space to the just previous reached to object. Infants 6 month older show a much greater influence of object kind, with their sequential actions more strongly influenced by the perceptual properties of the objects than their location. All action is necessarily spatial and directed to a location, so the developmental problem is one of modifying spatial planning to take into account the properties of objects. The present results show developmental growth in this ability in a task modeled after a classification task given to children. In so doing, the present findings connect the development of infant classification (forming groups of like things) to the development of goal directed action more generally. The phenomenon of sequential touching, a well documented but not well-understood behavior that emerges in the spontaneous actions of infants, may be explained in terms of the internal processes through which one action biases the next. In older infants these internal processes ten to bias next reaches to objects with the same perceptual properties.
WIRELESS MONITORING FOR HEART FAILURE PATIENTS: A META-ANALYSIS

Background: An array of implantable and external devices for telemonitoring has emerged with variable effectiveness and cost benefit, but there have been no meta-analyses to assess the effectiveness of these devices. Methods: Medline and Cochrane database searches were conducted. After review of
Models of LRRK2-Associated Parkinson's Disease.

Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are the most common genetic causes of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and also one of the strongest genetic risk factors in sporadic PD. The LRRK2 protein contains a GTPase and a kinase domain and several protein-protein interaction domains. Both in vitro and in vivo assays in different model systems have provided tremendous insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying LRRK2-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Among all the model systems, animal models are crucial tools to study the pathogenesis of human disease. How do the animal models recapitulate LRRK2-induced dopaminergic neuronal loss in human PD? To answer this question, this review focuses on the discussion of the animal models of LRRK2-associated PD including genetic- and viral-based models.
FROM DATABASE SYSTEMS TO INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS - A REQUIREMENT FOR COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING AND ASSEMBLY

The importance of databases and data management in automated manufacturing and assembly systems is now well-recognized in manufacturing science. Information, and its control, presents the integrating and coordinating influence on the system. Currently available database systems do not provide the capabilities desirable in future systems.
Differential relations of executive functioning to borderline personality disorder presentations in adolescents

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) in adolescents is highly complex and heterogeneous. Within the disorder, research has suggested the existence of at least two subgroups: one with predominantly internalizing psychopathology features and one with predominantly externalizing psychopathology features. One process that may differentiate these groups is executive functioning (EF), given that poor EF is linked to externalizing psychopathology. Against this background, the current study used a multi-informant approach to examine whether adolescent patients with predominantly externalizing BPD presentations experience greater deficits in EF than adolescent patients with predominantly internalizing presentations. The sample included inpatient adolescents ages 12-17 (M = 15.26; SD = 1.51). Analyses revealed that multiple EF domains distinguished the BPD subgroups. More specifically, adolescents with externalizing presentations exhibited greater difficulties in broad domains related to global executive functioning, metacognition and behavioural regulation and specific domains related to inhibitory control, working memory, planning/organizing, monitoring and organization of materials. While this study is the first to examine EF and adolescent BPD in the context of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, alternative approaches to examining this question are discussed. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Central Tendency and Dispersion

In the previous chapter, unimodal and bimodal score distributions were demonstrated. In addition to the mode or most frequent score in a sample of data, the mean and median are also considered measures of central tendency. Central tendency is where most scores occur in the middle of a symmetrical distribution and then spread out. The mode, mean, and median values will all be identical in a normal distribution.
REGULATION OF THE ANTIBODY RESPONSE TO TYPE III PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE BY THYMIC-DERIVED CELLS

Thymic–derived suppressor cells were found to influence the magnitude of the antibody response to Type III pneumococcal polysaccharide (SSS–III), primarily by limiting the extent to which antibody–forming cells proliferate after immunization. Such an inhibitory process also appears to play an important role in the development of low-dose paralysis to this antigen. These findings are discussed within the framework of a general homeostatic control mechanism in which the magnitude of the antibody response to SSS–III is governed by the activities of two functionally distinct types of thymic–derived cells that act in an opposing manner.