cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Plagiarism Detection Using Semantic Knowledge Graphs

Every day, huge amounts of unstructured text is getting generated. Most of this data is in the form of essays, research papers, patents, scholastic articles, book chapters etc. Many plagiarism softwares are being developed to be used in order to reduce the stealing and plagiarizing of Intellectual Property (IP). Current plagiarism softwares are mainly using string matching algorithms to detect copying of text from another source. The drawback of some of such plagiarism softwares is their inability to detect plagiarism when the structure of the sentence is changed. Replacement of keywords by their synonyms also fails to be detected by these softwares. This paper proposes a new method to detect such plagiarism using semantic knowledge graphs. The method uses Named Entity Recognition as well as semantic similarity between sentences to detect possible cases of plagiarism. The doubtful cases are visualized using semantic Knowledge Graphs for thorough analysis of authenticity. Rules for active and passive voice have also been considered in the proposed methodology.
Phases of procedural learning and memory: characterisation with perceptual-motor sequence tasks.

ABSTRACTProcedural learning and memory has been conceptualised as consisting of cognitive and autonomous phases. Although the Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT) is a popular task used to study proced...
ActiPPG: Using deep neural networks for activity recognition from wrist-worn photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors

Abstract Sensor-based activity recognition seeks to provide higher-level knowledge about human activities from multiple sensors such as accelerometer and gyroscope. Thanks to growing ubiquity of sensor-rich smartphones and wearable devices, activity recognition research has made tremendous progress in recent years. Many sensors, such as motion sensors and cameras, have been previously used for this task. In this paper, we present the first work to recognize human activities solely from photoplethysmography (PPG) data. PPG sensors use a light-based technology to sense the rate of blood flow as controlled by the heart's pumping action. Although they are not originally intended to sense body motions and gestures, in this paper, we propose a novel method to extract meaningful features from the PPG to predict human activities. We exploit PPG signals' susceptibility to corruption by noise introduced by motion artifact and extract, as opposed to discard, the motion artifact signals combined with cardiac and respiratory signals to predict the types of activities performed by users. We combine convolutional and recurrent neural networks to predict different types of daily activities (e.g., walking, running, jumping) from the raw PPG signal. Results using data generated by wrist-worn smartwatches of 12 participants demonstrate the feasibility of our approach at predicting five types of activities (standing, walking, jogging, jumping, and sitting), and highlight new insights about how to use PPG sensors for human activity recognition. Results also highlight the importance of extracting motion artifact signals to understand human behaviors.
Merits of capstone projects in an online graduate program for working professionals

Capstones in professional masters-level programs serve a unique nexus of developing professional, industry-speciﬁc competencies within a graduate-level academic setting. Universities oﬀering such d...
Efforts to Reduce Infections in Delayed Sternal Closure Patients: A Survey of Pediatric Practice:

Background:Pediatric patients with sternum left open after cardiac surgery experience a higher risk for sternal wound infection (SWI). These infections are costly for programs, payers, and patients...
12 – Mathematical Preliminaries for Transforms, Subbands, and Wavelets

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews some of the mathematical background necessary for the study of transforms, subbands, and wavelets. The techniques used to obtain compression involve manipulations and decompositions of (sampled) functions of time. The mathematical framework needed is provided through the concept of vector spaces. Two vectors are said to be orthogonal if their inner product is zero. A set of vectors is said to be orthogonal if each vector in the set is orthogonal to every other vector in the set. The inner product between a vector and a unit vector from an orthogonal basis set provides the coefficient corresponding to that unit vector. This chapter discusses vector space. A vector space consists of a set of elements called “vectors” that have the operations of vector addition and scalar multiplication defined on them. The results of these operations are also elements of the vector space.
Challenges of Securing and Defending Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

There are increasing concerns that foreign manufactured unmanned aerial systems may leak sensitive data to their manufacturers, particularly since such systems are used for reconnaissance and surveillance of critical infrastructure, for monitoring/managing industrial incidents, for tracking terrorist attacks, and more generally in applications that involve homeland/national security. In this paper we investigate the challenges of securing and defending such systems, focusing on civilian Group 1 (small) drones (quadcopters). We propose a solution based on an architecture that complies with the policies and standards of the Committee on National Security Systems for the Cybersecurity of Unmanned National Systems CNSSP 28, in which software components are adapted/modified appropriately, and security policies/mechanisms are enforced. Protection builds on isolation, encapsulation, and the use of cryptographic tools, with performance constraints expressed in terms of computation (power) and latency.
Phase Volume Measurements Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The phase distribution of components in both model and actual food systems has been quantified using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. We present measurements of effective moisture diffusivities, vertical mass distributions in foams, and crystallization of water and lipid components. The interpretation of this information allows one to quantify the interactions of various components and structural features within a sample. These measurements are made noninvasively and nondestructively and can be repeated over time to obtain information on the dynamics of the system.
Utility of cell-free DNA concentrations and illness severity scores to predict survival in critically ill neonatal foals

Plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) levels have been associated with disease and survival status in septic humans and dogs. To date, studies investigating cfDNA levels in association with critical illness in foals are lacking. We hypothesized that cfDNA would be detectable in the plasma of foals, that septic and sick-nonseptic foals would have significantly higher cfDNA levels compared to healthy foals, and that increased cfDNA levels would be associated with non-survival. Animals used include 80 foals of 10 days of age or less admitted to a tertiary referral center between January and July, 2020 were stratified into three categories: healthy (n=34), sick non-septic (n=11) and septic (n=35) based on specific criteria. This was a prospective clinical study. Blood was collected from critically ill foals at admission or born in hospital for cfDNA quantification and blood culture. Previously published sepsis score (SS) and neonatal SIRS score (NSIRS) were also calculated. SS, NSIRS, blood culture status and cfDNA concentrations were evaluated to predict survival. Continuous variables between groups were compared using Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA with Dunn’s post hoc test. Comparisons between two groups were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U -test or Spearman rank for correlations. The performance of cfDNA, sepsis score and NSIRS score to predict survival was assessed by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis including area under the curve, sensitivity and specificity using cutoffs. Plasma cfDNA was detectable in all foals. No significant differences in cfDNA concentration were detected between healthy foals and septic foals ( P =0.65) or healthy foals and sick non-septic foals ( P =0.88). There was no significant association between cfDNA and culture status, SS, NSIRS or foal survival. SS (AUC 0.85) and NSIRS (AUC 0.83) were superior to cfDNA (AUC 0.64) in predicting survival. cfDNA was detectable in foal plasma however offers negligible utility to diagnose sepsis or predict survival in critical illness in neonates.
Managing older adults with Ph-negative ALL: What is new? Recent advances in treating older adults with ALL

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) among older adults continues to be associated with a dismal prognosis. Novel effective immunotherapies and targeted agents are expected to address unmet needs in adult ALL. This review has summarized recent evidence to determine whether these approaches can lead to the decreased use of chemotherapy among older adults with ALL and result in improved outcomes.
Quadrotor Accelerometer and Gyroscope Sensor Fault Diagnosis Using Nonlinear Adaptive Estimation Methods

This paper presents the design, analysis, and real-time experimental evaluation results of a nonlinear sensor fault diagnosis scheme for quadrotor unmanned air vehicles (UAV). The objective is to detect, isolate, and estimate sensor bias faults in accelerometer and gyroscope measurements. Based on the quadrotor dynamics and sensor models under consideration, the effects of sensor faults are represented as virtual actuator faults in the quadrotor state equation. Two nonlinear diagnostic estimators are designed to provide structured residualsfor fault detection and isolation. Additionally, after the fault is detected and isolated, a nonlinear adaptive estimation scheme is employed for estimating the unknown fault magnitude.The proposed fault diagnosis scheme is capable of handling simultaneous faults in the accelerometer and gyroscope measurements. The effectiveness of the fault diagnosis method is demonstrated using an indoor real-time quadrotor UAV test environment.
Characterization of cannabinoid receptors expressed in Ewing sarcoma TC-71 and A-673 cells as potential targets for anti-cancer drug development

Abstract Aims Characterizing cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) expressed in Ewing sarcoma (EWS) cell lines as potential targets for anti-cancer drug development. Main methods CBR affinity and function were examined by competitive binding and G-protein activation, respectively. Cannabinoid-mediated cytotoxicity and cell viability were evaluated by LDH, and trypan blue assays, respectively. Key findings qRT-PCR detected CB1 (CB1R) and CB2 receptor (CB2R) mRNA in TC-71 cells. However, binding screens revealed that CBRs expressed exhibit atypical properties relative to canonical receptors, because specific binding in TC-71 could only be demonstrated by the established non-selective CB1/CB2R radioligand [3H]WIN-55,212-2, but not CB1/CB2R radioligand [3H]CP-55,940. Homologous receptor binding demonstrated that [3H]WIN-55,212-2 binds to a single site with nanomolar affinity, expressed at high density. Further support for non-canonical CBRs expression is provided by subsequent binding screens, revealing that only 9 out of 28 well-characterized cannabinoids with high affinity for canonical CB1 and/or CB2Rs were able to displace [3H]WIN-55,212-2, whereas two ligands enhanced [3H]WIN-55,212-2 binding. Five cannabinoids producing the greatest [3H]WIN-55,212-2 displacement exhibited high nanomolar affinity (Ki) for expressed receptors. G-protein modulation and adenylyl cyclase assays further indicate that these CBRs exhibit distinct signaling/functional profiles compared to canonical CBRs. Importantly, cannabinoids with the highest affinity for non-canonical CBRs reduced TC-71 viability and induced cytotoxicity in a time-dependent manner. Studies in a second EWS cell line (A-673) showed similar atypical binding properties of expressed CBRs, and cannabinoid treatment produced cytotoxicity. Significance Cannabinoids induce cytotoxicity in EWS cell lines via non-canonical CBRs, which might be a potential therapeutic target to treat EWS.
A simple isotope derivative assay for prostaglandins and prostaglandin metabolites: I. Assay of E-type prostaglandins

Abstract Prostaglandins of the E series may be reduced with [ 3 H]borohydride to their corresponding counterparts of the F series: during reduction a tritium label is incorporated into the molecule. We describe a simple assay based on this reaction which can be used to measure E-type prostaglandins, and with slight modifications, to measure F-, A-, and D-type prostaglandins, as well as the 15-keto and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto metabolites. The assay will estimate 1–10 ng PGE compounds (∼10 −11 –10 −12 moles) but some prior purification of the sample is necessary.
Clown: a Microprocessor Simulator for Operating System Studies

In this paper, I present the design and implementation of Clown — a simulator of a microprocessor-based computer system specifically optimized for teaching operating system courses at undergraduate or graduate levels. The package includes the simulator itself, as well as a collection of basic I/O devices, an assembler, a linker, and a disk formatter. The simulator architecturally resembles mainstream microprocessors from the Intel 80386 family, but is much easier to learn and program. The simulator is fast enough to be used as an emulator — in the direct user interaction mode.
Prevention of significant deterioration of air quality: the regulations after Alabama Power

A discussion is presented of the revised regulations concerning the prevention of significant deterioration (PSD) of air quality. Provisions of the Clean Air Act which deal with PSD are outlined. The substantive and procedural content of the revised PSD regulations are considered in light of the Alabama Power decision. The revised PSD plan can be divided into two categories: (1) the determination of which emissions are subject to and which are exempt from the PSD program; and (2) the determination of the amounts of air deterioration allowable in clean air areas. The overall effects of the revised regulations are evaluated in regard to impacts on air quality and industrial sources of pollution. The future of PSD is considered. (RJC)
Development of scaffold for use in osteochondral tissue engineering

In this study, the bone component of a bi-phasic scaffold was developed and mechanically tested to compare it to that of subchondral bone properties. The bone component was composed of poly (e-caprolactone):poly (ethylene oxide):sucrose (PCL:PEO:sucrose) that exhibited both pore size and porosity similar to that of cancellous bone, thereby providing a similar mechanical structure for the osteoblasts to differentiate and grow. The compressive Young's Modulus values ranged from 22.15 - 16.64 MPa, similar to that of literature values for subchondral bone [1]. Additionally, pore size was measured to be approximately 143 µm, based on SEM imaging. An initial cell study was done to confirm the cell viability of each of the components of the bi-phasic scaffold, independently. Future experiments will focus on developing and testing the complete bi-phasic scaffold through compression testing, as well as undergoing a cell study utilizing rat mesenchymal stem cells to observe the proliferation and differentiation within the bi-phasic scaffold for osteochondral tissue engineering.
A Comparison of What U.S. Judges and Students Know and Believe About Eyewitness Testimony

We compared what 160 U.S. judges, 57 law students, and 121 undergraduates know and believe about factors affecting the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. Judges were no more knowledgeable than were undergraduates, and both groups were less knowledgeable than were law students. For all 3 groups, increased knowledge of eyewitness factors was associated with beliefs that might reduce wrongful convictions. Participants in all 3 groups underestimated what potential jurors know about eyewitness testimony. The results suggest that increasing judges' knowledge of eyewitness testimony might help them to reduce wrongful convictions and to more accurately assess when eyewitness experts are needed. The results also suggest that law schools need to do a better job of educating law students about eyewitness testimony.
Constructing chimeric type 12/type 5 adenovirus E1A genes and using them to identify an oncogenic determinant of adenovirus type 12.

Abstract The E1A gene of highly oncogenic type 12 adenovirus (Ad12) possesses a segment unique to this serotype and comprising 60 base pairs contiguous with and separating conserved regions 2 and 3 in the gene. A similar but slightly longer segment is also present in the E1A gene of highly oncogenic simian adenovirus type 7 (D. Kimelman, J. S. Miller, D. Porter, and B. E. Roberts, J. Virol. 53:399-409, 1985). This segment is missing entirely from the E1A gene of type 5 adenovirus, which is nononcogenic. To test the hypothesis that this unique separating or "spacer" region influences the oncogenicity of Ad12, we constructed ClaI and SmaI restriction sites on either side of it, which allowed reciprocal exchange between this and the equivalent cassette from type 5 adenovirus E1A, bounded by the same restriction sites intrinsic to that gene. The resultant Ad12-based chimeric viruses, ch702 and ch704, in which the spacer region is replaced with (in-frame) type 5 sequence, grow normally on human A549 cells and display wild-type transformation frequencies on baby rat and mouse kidney cells. In contrast, the oncogenic capacity of these chimeric viruses, as measured by tumor induction following virus inoculation in Hooded Lister rats, is greatly reduced. Likewise, cells transformed by ch702 and ch704 display reduced tumorigenicity compared with wild-type transformants in syngeneic rats. These results, coupled with recent preliminary tests using a mutant with a point mutation in this region, support the view that the unique spacer region of type 12 is an oncogenic determinant of this virus.
Combining least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and heat map visualization for biomarkers detection of LGL leukemia

Large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia is type of chronic leukemia disease that exhibits an unexplained elevation in large granular lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. In order to better define the LGL leukemia pathogenesis, we propose an approach that combines the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and heat map visualization to detect possible biomarkers from a statistical perspective. In the research, we firstly classify our sample data into two classes: gene information from blood samples of normal donors and that of infected patients. We then apply the LASSO on the sample data for feature selection and dimension reduction to identify potential biomarkers. Based on our result, heat map visualization has revealed little information about possible biomarkers from the gene data, while the LASSO method shows promise in identifying biomarkers from over 10,000 candidate genes. Our final result shows that the method has successfully reduced the dimension of attributes to as low as 0.1% and has selected 21 features as potential biomarkers. Further analysis in the field of biomedical sciences is required to validate the relations between the potential biomarkers found and the LGL Leukemia disease.
Ultrastructural studies on the yeastlike and mycelial phases of Sporotrichum schenckii.

Abstract Fine details of the internal and external morphology of the yeastlike and mycelial phases of the dimorphic fungal pathogen Sporotrichum schenckii as seen in ultrathin sections are described and illustrated by electronphotomicrography. Comparisons of yeastlike phase ultrastructure were made using two different methods of fixation and embedding. The internal morphology of the two forms of yeastlike S. schenckii was in many ways similar to that of similarly dimorphic fungi and yeasts studied by other authors. However, the use of the glutaraldehyde-osmium in agar fixation technique suggests the presence of an electron transparent capsular or slime layer with associated electron dense microfibrils to be present external to the cell wall of the yeastlike phase but not the mycelial phase. Mycelial phase S. schenckii was found to contain many of the internal microstructures reported for other filamentous dimorphic fungi. Conidia production in agitated liquid culture was found to be restricted since only rare sessile conidia were observed.
AN ISOSPIN 3/2 LEVEL OF BE9,

Abstract : A state of Be9 has been found at an excitation energy of 14.392=0.005 MeV, with a width less than 5 keV. The state is formed in the reaction Li7(He3, p)Be9 and corresponds closely in energy to the expected analogue of the ground state of Li9. These facts, together with the small width, suggest an assignment of T = 3/2. The angular distribution of protons corresponding to the 14.39 MeV state is nearly symmetric about 90 degrees in the centre-of-mass with maxima at 40 degrees and 150 degrees. The 90 degree differential cross sections are approximately the same for 6.5 and 10 MeV He3, with a minimum value between these energies. The total cross sections for 10 MeV He3 and 7.5 MeV are given. (Author)
Reproduction in the Many-Lined Sun Skink, Eutropis multifasciata (Squamata: Scincidae) from Sarawak, Malaysia

Abstract: In Sarawak, Malaysia, the live-bearing scincid lizard, Eutropis multifasciata has a prolonged reproductive cycle in which males exhibited year round sperm production and females were reproductively active in all months examined except in September (n=1) and November (n=1). Mean litter size was 3.8±0.84 (1SD, range=3–5, n=5). There was no evidence to suggest females produced consecutive litters in the same year. Other skinks from Malaysia have also been shown to exhibit prolonged reproductive cycles.
Experiences in teaching ASIC design using Xilinx FPGA and Mentor Graphics tools

We have developed a new course on digital design using a Xilinx FPGA and Mentor Graphics tools. This paper summarizes the experience on preparation as well as teaching of the course. >
Troublesome Reflection: Racism as the Blind Spot in the Scientific Critique of Race

Review of A Troublesome Inheritance: Genes, Race and Human History, by Nicholas Wade. New York: Penguin Press, 2013. x + 278 pp. 978-1-5942-0446-3 (hardcover). US $27.95.
Alteration of MCD Spectra Due to thin film Interference Effects

MCD spectra at the M2,3 edge of thin Fe films exhibit thickness-dependent variations in line shape as well as in the absolute MCD-effect. Our data indicate that more information is contained in the MCD spectra than simply the evolution of a magnetic moment and ferromagnetic order. We developed a model to predict line shape modulations as a function of film thickness and angle of light incidence. Using the Fresnel-Maxwell formalism we calculate interference effects between left and right circularly polarized light reflected from the vacuum-film-substrate interfaces which are verified by our MCD measurements. Since the observed interference effects are a function of the excitation wavelength, our results can be directly scaled to show the significance of these effects in the more commonly used L2,3 region of 3d ferromagnets. Our data point out that one might be ill advised to rely onL2,3 MCD experiments to try to extract the formation of magnetic moments in films of several 10s of A in thickness.
Welcome to a Special Issue About the School-to-Prison Pipeline The Pathway To Modern Institutionalization

It is a great privilege and honor to serve as guest editors of this special issue focusing on professional development (PD) issues related to the school-to-prison pipeline (STPP). The aim of this issue is to provide readers with a better understanding of the inexplicable connection between school, community, and incarceration, and how better prepared professionals can make a difference in the lives of youth in the STPP. This issue provides readers with an awareness of the current status of the STPP and suggests the advancement of quality PD research and practices. First, a brief historical perspective is provided on deinstitutionalization in special education. The argument is made that special education institutions of the past are eerily similar to juvenile justice (JJ) facilities of today. The contention is that JJ institutions and the STPP are evolving in a similar manner as special education did more than 40 years ago, providing the field with a cautionary tale filled with a sundry of potential and pitfalls. Then, a brief description is provided with regard to the characteristics of those in the STPP and those incarcerated. Connections are made to educational and civil right legislative mandates. Finally, each article in this issue is introduced. The articles are presented in the context that quality PD for the professionals who work with students along the STPP continuum can and do transform the lives of disenfranchised youth.
Satellite daytime image classification for global studies of Earth's surface parameters from polar orbiters

Abstract A daytime image classifier, which relics on the difference in spectral signatures of the five channels of AVHRR, is proposed. The methodology is based on the preliminary classification of each pixel with the assumption that it is clear and on subsequent tests for cloud detection. The advantage of the preliminary classification is in that the threshold values for spatial variability tests are dependent upon the surface types identified thus allowing more data to be retained over some complex terrains. A fine dynamic cloud filter was designed with the assumption that the absolute value of the near-IR to visible reflectance ratio correlates negatively with surface temperature. The climatic thermal thresholds can then be updated using a clear observation encountered in an array of pixels. Application of the proposed technique is demonstrated on two examples with 1 km resolution AVHRR data and one example with a subset of sampled 30 km resolution AVHRR data from ISCCP. A quantitative validation is don...
Proton chemical shifts of some hydroxybenzenes determined by massive deuteration

Abstract The proton chemical shifts of phenol, hydroquinone, resorcinol, phloroglucinol, pyrogallol and pyrocatechol have been determined in ether by the method of massive deuteration. The chemical shifts in the first four compounds were found to be additive within experimental error. When corrected for field and solvent effects they led to good correlations with electron densities calculated by the Huckel Molecular Orbital method. The chemical shifts in the last two compounds, in which hydroxy groups are situated ortho to one another, were found to show negative deviations from additivity.
Reaction paths of iron oxidation and hydrolysis in horse spleen and recombinant human ferritins.

UV−visible spectroscopy, electrode oximetry, and pH stat were used to study Fe(II) oxidation and hydrolysis in horse spleen ferritin (HoSF) and recombinant human H-chain and L-chain ferritins (HuHF and HuLF). Appropriate test reactions and electrode responses were measured, establishing the reliability of oxygen electrode/pH stat for kinetics studies of iron uptake by ferritin. Stoichiometric ratios, Fe(II)/O2 and H+/Fe(II), and rates of oxygen uptake and proton production were simultaneously measured as a function of iron loading of the protein. The data show a clear distinction between the diiron ferroxidase site and mineral surface catalyzed oxidation of Fe(II). The oxidation/hydrolysis reaction attributed to the ferroxidase site has been determined for the first time and is given by 2Fe2+ + O2 + 3H2O → [Fe2O(OH)2]2+ + H2O2 + 2H+ where [Fe2O(OH)2]2+ represents the hydrolyzed dinuclear iron(III) center postulated to be a μ-oxo-bridged species from UV spectrometric titration data and absorption band maxi...
Mud Induced Formation Damage in Fractured Reservoirs

An set of experiments was completed that clearly shows that drilling muds can cause large irreversible damage to fractures and dramatically reduce the productivity of wells producing from a natural fracture network. The use of sized fibers as an additive to drilling muds can significantly reduce both the depth and extent of formation damage. Granular additives (such as CaCO{sub 3}) are much less effective. The use of acid soluble fibers is, therefore, recommended for reducing formation damage in fractured reservoirs.
Compiling polychronous programs into conditional partial orders for ASIP synthesis

Synthesis of application specific hardware which minimizes area while not sacrificing latency or clock speed is a much researched problem. In most of the past works, the hardware is described structurally in hardware description languages with behaviors attached to structures. Since the structure is manually decided, the architect has to decide whether certain components can be reused without increasing latency. For example, if one can prove that certain behaviors never happen at the same time, these behaviors can be mapped to common components, with a simple control state machine determining which behavioral mode the behavior belongs to. Since application specific hardware are used as co-processors for performance boost, and such computations are best described as a data-flow computation (such as signal processing, encryption etc.,), we choose a high level data-flow oriented formal specification language, and use a new semantic model for this specification language, namely conditional partial order graphs. The advantage of our approach is that our specification language MRICDF is graphical, polychronous, has formal semantics, and hence synthesizing its control structure into conditional partial order is a natural fit. Additionally, the specific calculus of constraints in polychronous languages -- namely clock calculus, and associated analysis with Boolean theory of prime implicates, and constraint satisfiability checking with SMT solvers provide us with a natural way of discovering behaviors that belong to disjoint modes, and thereby allow us to reuse components with simple micro-instruction set synthesis. In this paper, we show how MRICDF can be used to formally synthesize such application specific instruction processors. Past approaches to synthesize hardware from the polychronous language SIGNAL were focused on synthesizing logic with hierarchical conditional dependency graphs as internal representation. Unlike those, we are synthesizing an application specific instruction set processor by automated synthesis of control and scheduling data-path.
When big data leads to lost data

For decades, scientists bemoaned the scarcity of observational data to analyze and against which to test their models. Exponential growth in data volumes from ever-cheaper environmental sensors has provided scientists with the answer to their prayers: "big data". Now, scientists face a new challenge: with terabytes, petabytes or exabytes of data at hand, stored in thousands of heterogeneous datasets, how can scientists find the datasets most relevant to their research interests? If they cannot find the data, then they may as well never have collected it; that data is lost to them. Our research addresses this challenge, using an existing scientific archive as our test-bed. We approach this problem in a new way: by adapting Information Retrieval techniques, developed for searching text documents, into the world of (primarily numeric) scientific data. We propose an approach that uses a blend of automated and "semi-curated" methods to extract metadata from large archives of scientific data. We then perform searches over the extracted metadata, returning results ranked by similarity to the query terms. We briefly describe an implementation performed at an ocean observatory to validate the proposed approach. We propose performance and scalability research to explore how continued archive growth will affect our goal of interactive response, no matter the scale.
Positive direct antiglobulin test in a pediatric patient following high-dose cisplatin.

A positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) and hemolitic anemia are uncommon side effect of cisplatin (CDDP) therapy. A 9-year-old girl treated for extraosseus Ewing's sarcoma with a multiagent regimen, including 200 mg/m2 CDDP preceded by vincristine (VCR) and cyclophosphamide (CY), developed a posititve DAT, followed by hemolitic anemia. When CDDP therapy was discontinued, the DAT became negative and no signs of anemia were observed during the maintenance treatment, which included VCR and actinomycin D.
The effect of vegetable fat ingestion on human serum cholesterol concentration.

In 3 healthy male physicians a reduction of dietary fat produced a significant fall in the serum cholesterol concentration. Subsequently, when a diet containing normal quantities of fat but very low in cholesterol was taken, a rise in serum cholesterol concentration occurred in all 3 subjects.
The psychology of interpersonal relations

The psychology of interpersonal relations , The psychology of interpersonal relations , کتابخانه دیجیتال و فن آوری اطلاعات دانشگاه امام صادق(ع)
A combinatorial error bound for t -point-based sampling

The method of two-point-based sampling using orthogonal arrays (Inform. Process. Lett. 60 (1996) 91) is extended to consider t-wise independent sampling using orthogonal arrays of higher strength t. Using combinatorial considerations, an error bound is calculated which agrees with the previously known result when t = 2, and has the advantage of exponentially decreasing in t. The result is shown to be strictly sharper than that arising from the generalized Chebyshev inequality. Finally, the behavior of the family of error bounds we obtain for increasing values of t is analyzed.
A longitudinal study of suicidal ideation in young adolescents

As part of a longitudinal study of depression and suicidal ideation in adolescents, a three-item suicide screen was administered to 1,073 students for 3 consecutive years starting at the beginning of the 7th or 8th grades. Each year over 70% of respondents reported no suicidal thoughts, and less than 5.5% attained high suicide ideation scores. Blacks and females had higher scores, respectively, than did whites and males. The individual students' suicide scores were less stable than the overall distributions with 1- and 2-year correlations reaching 0.35 and 0.28, respectively. Only one student received a high score all 3 years. The best predictors of a given year's suicide score was the previous years' depression scores. Gender, undesirable life events, family adaptability, and family cohesion were significant but less consistent predictors.
Central pontine myelinolysis at autopsy; a twelve year retrospective analysis

Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) was first described in 1959 and only later was associated with a rapid, sustained rise in serum sodium from a hyponatremic baseline. This discovery in 1981 led to modifications in recommendations for clinical treatment of hyponatremia. Our interest has been in tracking the incidence of CPM found at autopsy by year to see whether changes in medical treatment in hyponatremia have resulted in a decrease in CPM over time. Clinically asymptomatic CPM found at autopsy has always been at least as frequent as cases diagnosed premortem and serves as a reasonable indicator for the incidence of the disease. In over 3,000 autopsies, on most of which the brain was examined macroscopically and microscopically by the same neuropathologist, we have discovered 15 cases of asymptomatic, small pontine CPM. Of these 15, 6 were active lesions and 9 were remote; in the active group, 5 of the 6 cases were associated with a rapid, sustained rise in serum sodium during the appropriate time period. The incidence of asymptomatic CPM has remained steady over the 13-year time period. In contrast, we have encountered no cases of CPM diagnosed premortem that have come to autopsy in the same time period. These cases emphasize that CPM still occurs, but most often as an asymptomatic disorder with small, midline pontine lesions. When small active CPM is found, it still is associated with a rapid sustained rise in serum sodium.
An Architecture for Automatic and Adaptive Defense

AbstractNetwork attacks have become so fast that human mitigation cannot cope with security requirements. In addition, attackers have become smarter by creating attacks which mutate themselves to prevent detection. Therefore, defense mechanisms must be automated to keep up with attack speed and adapted to seek out mutations. An architecture to support this trend in defense mechanisms is proposed here. The architecture is based upon three conceptual pillars. First is the use of a multi-feedback loop control to slow down an attack. Second, machine learning concepts are employed to properly distinguish between normal and abnormal e-attack traffic. And, third, trust and reputation levels are determined through social networks. A case study on the application of the proposed architecture to a worm propagation attack provides the initial evidence of the e-attack and applicability of the approach.
Solid-phase extraction/MALDI-MS: extended ion-pairing surfaces for the on-target cleanup of protein samples.

The surface of a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) target can be covalently modified so that it behaves like a medium for solid-phase extraction (SPE). These modified targets are capable of binding molecules of interest, but not contaminants, from sample solutions placed on them. This allows the analyte to be cleaned up on the probe surface by simply washing the target to remove the contaminants prior to MALDI-MS analysis. A limitation of the current SPE/MALDI-MS targets is that they have a fairly low binding capacity, since the coating on these targets is based upon self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). To overcome this limitation, we have investigated new surface coatings for SPE/MALDI-MS that will have a higher binding capacity than targets modified with SAMs. Here, we describe the development of new SPE/MALDI-MS surfaces that have very high molecular weight (>300 000) polylysine chains attached to them. Targets modified in this manner are capable of binding peptides/...
Social and simple phobias in children

Abstract This study compared children who met DSM-III-R criteria for social phobia ( n = 29) and simple phobia ( n = 38) on sociodemographic, diagnostic, and clinical variables in order to provide preliminary descriptive data on the disorders, and to determine whether there is empirical support for the DSM subtype distinction. Results indicated that both social and simple phobic children were referred for treatment services approximately three years following onset of their phobias, were equally likely to be male or female, and frequently had comorbid anxiety disorders. The two phobic groups differed, however, in that social phobic youngsters (a) were older at referral and had a later age of onset of their phobias, (b) reported higher levels of fearfulness, loneliness, and depression, and (c) were more likely to have comorbid avoidant and overanxious diagnoses, than children with simple phobias. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Microphase Separation of Segmented Poly(urethane urea) Block Copolymers

Two series of well-defined poly(urethane urea) multiblock copolymers were synthesized to investigate the phase-separated morphology of this family of materials. Series I copolymers were synthesized from 2000 g/mol poly(tetramethylene oxide) [PTMO], 4,4‘-methylene di(p-phenyl isocyanate) [MDI], and ethylenediamine (EDA), with hard segment contents ranging from 14 to 47 wt %. Series II copolymers (all with hard segment concentrations of 22 wt %) were prepared from the same PTMO and MDI and a diamine mixture of EDA and 1,4-diaminocyclohexane. The microdomain morphology was characterized using small-angle X-ray scattering, and the scattering data were analyzed using the approach of Bonart and Muller. The series I and II copolymers were found to have relatively low overall degrees of phase separation [ranging from ∼20% at the lowest hard segment contents to greater than 40%], contrary to the common notion that these copolymers are well phase separated materials. The introduction of the second diamine results i...
Identifying a site for maximum delivery of oxygen to transplanted cells.

For in vivo cell implantation techniques to be successful, the energy and metabolic substrate requirement of the cells being grown must be met. Certain cells with high-energy requirements (e.g., he...
Glial-specific cAMP response of the glial fibrillary acidic protein gene cell lines

Abstract Expression of the rat glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) gene is responsive to the intracellular level of cAMP. We have examined the sequence 5'-upstream of the transcription start site of the rat GFAP-encoding gene to determine the elements responsible for regulating the cAMP response. The RT4 cell lines consist of a neural stem-cell type RT4-AC and its three derivative cell types, one glial-cell type, RT4-D, and two neuronal-cell types, RT4-B and RT4-E. GFAP is expressed in the stem-cell type and the glial-cell type but is not expressed in the neuronal-cell types. Luciferase expression vectors containing various areas of the 10.8-kb region upstream of the transcription start site of the GFAP gene were transiently transfected into these RT4 cells. The effect of cAMP was examined by quantitating the transient expression of luciferase. We found that (i) the 5'-upstream region alone (up to 10.8 kb) allows expression of the GFAP gene in the stem-cell type, the glial-cell type, and a neuronal-cell type; (ii) there are negative and positive cAMP-responsive elements that are juxtaposed within the region between -240 bp and -110 bp upstream and are functional in the stem-cell and glial-cell types but are not functional in the neuronal-cell type RT4-E; (iii) there may be elements that respond to dibutyryl-cAMP in all three RT4 cell types within the region from 2 kb to 10.8 kb upstream of the transcription start site; and (iv) a regulatory luciferase plasmid pRLgfap-1, containing both the upstream and downstream regulatory regions of the GFAP gene, not only expresses luciferase but also responds to forskolin in the stem-cell type and the glial-cell type. This regulatory plasmid, however, does not express in the neuronal-cell type with or without the forskolin treatment.
Omega-3 fatty acids effect on wound healing

Physiological events in the initial inflammatory stage of cutaneous wound healing influence subsequent stages. Proinflammatory cytokines coordinate molecular and cellular processes during the inflammatory stage. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) alter proinflammatory cytokine production, but how this phenomenon specifically influences wound healing is not clearly understood. In the present study, effects of marine-derived omega-3 eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic PUFA on proinflammatory cytokines in wound serum and time to complete healing in healthy, human skin were evaluated. We compared plasma fatty acid levels in two groups (N=30) at baseline and after 4 weeks of eicosapentaenoic/docosahexaenoic PUFA supplements (active) or placebo (control). Eight small blisters on participants' forearms were created. Proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were quantified in blister fluid at 5 and 24 hours after creation. Wound area was calculated daily. Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic plasma fatty acid levels were significantly higher in the active group. Additionally, we found significantly higher IL-1beta levels in blister fluid in the active group and time to complete wound closure was somewhat longer. These results suggest that eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic PUFA may increase proinflammatory cytokine production at wound sites and thus, depending on the clinical context, have noninvasive, therapeutic potential to affect cutaneous wound healing.
Acute tocolysis for treatment of preterm labor: Review and meta-analysis

Abstract Objective: Preterm labor (PTL) is a prelude to preterm birth and to infant morbidity and mortality. We sought to review the literature on tocolysis for PTL and to do a meta-analysis of appropriate studies. Methods: We worked as part of the AHCPR Evidence Report on the Management of Preterm Labor. With ACOG and an advisory group, we developed search criteria. We did an exhaustive search, including the gray literature, for articles in English, French, or German from 1966 to 1998. We found 256 studies with the headings “PTL” and “tocolytic agents,” including individual tocolytics. We selected 55 studies with 40 or more subjects, tocolysis for first-line treatment, outcome measurement of gestational age at birth, and without membrane rupture at presentation. Reviewers and abstractors were masked to authorship and journal. Elements abstracted included definition of PTL, study design, population characteristics, masking, randomization, and analytic approach. Outcomes included delay in delivery, gestational age at birth, and proportion of births by prematurity (eg, less than 37 weeks of gestation and more than 30 weeks of gestation). Results: We will summarize the effectiveness of tocolytics for PTL by category of agent: β-mimetics, calcium channel blockers, magnesium, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. For 20 randomized trials with sufficient detail, we will report meta-analysis results by category. Conclusions: We will present the conclusions of the team.
Effects of clonidine and morphine on opioid withdrawal in rhesus monkeys

Rhesus monkeys undergoing opioid withdrawal either due to withholding morphine administration for 14 h or due to administration of naloxone, were treated with either morphine or clonidine. Morphine eliminated all of the withdrawal signs that developed when morphine was withheld for 14 h. Clonidine also eliminated some but not all signs that developed when morphine was withheld. The frequencies of individual signs prior to drug administration were directly related to the minimal doses necessary to eliminate signs for morphine but not for clonidine. Morphine also eliminated most of the signs precipitated by naloxone, whereas clonidine did not eliminate as many of the naloxone-precipitated signs. Additionally, some of the naloxone-precipitated signs that were eliminated by clonidine were not eliminated by morphine. The present results are consistent with clinical findings indicating an efficacy of clonidine in the treatment of opioid withdrawal through a non-opioid mechanism.
Physiological responses of resistant and susceptible barley, Hordeum vulgare to the Russian wheat aphid, Diurpahis noxia (Mordvilko).

Knowledge of the physiological responses of barley, Hordeum vulgare L., to the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is critical to understanding the defense response of barley to aphid injury and identifying resistance mechanisms. This study documented the impact of D. noxia feeding on resistant (‘Sidney’) and susceptible (‘Otis’) barley through chlorophyll fluorescence measurements, chlorophyll content, and carbon assimilation (A–Ci) curves recorded at 1, 3, 6, 10, and 13 days after aphid introduction. All chlorophyll fluorescence parameters evaluated were similar between aphid-infested and control plants for both cultivars. A–Ci curves showed that D. noxia feeding negatively impacts the photosynthetic capacity in both cultivars, but this effect was greater in the susceptible plants. From the A–Ci curves, it is apparent that compensation occurs in resistant barley by day 10, but by the conclusion of the experiment, aphid populations reached levels that overwhelmed the resistant barley seedlings. Differences observed in carbon assimilation curves between control and infested plants show that D. noxia feeding impacts the dark reaction, specifically rubisco activity and RuBP regeneration. It is likely that declines in the photochemical efficiency and chlorophyll content of the plants may be a secondary effect and not the primary trigger of declines in host plant function.