cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Routine Intraoperative Completion Angiography After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and 1-Stop Hybrid Revascularization: Results From a Fully Integrated Hybrid Catheterization Laboratory/Operating Room

Objectives: This study sought to report our experience with a routine completion angiogram after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) and simultaneous (1-stop) percutaneous coronary intervention (...
Use of flavored electronic cigarette refill liquids among adults and youth in the US-Results from Wave 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (2014-2015).

Introduction Flavored e-cigarettes are enticing to new users and established cigarette smokers using e-cigarettes to quit smoking due to the wide variety of flavor options. However, specific flavor combinations that are popular among e-cigarette users are understudied. Recently, the Deeming rule extended the US Food and Drug Administration’s authority over all tobacco products, including e-cigarettes. Methods The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study Wave 2 data were analyzed to assess the prevalence of self-reported flavor categories that are used individually and in combination with other flavor categories among past 30-day youth and adult e-cigarette users in the US. Results Most youth and adult participants reported using a flavored e-cigarette. Reporting an individual flavor category was more common than reporting a combination of flavor categories. Fruit flavor was the most common flavor category reported among youth, and ‘menthol/mint’ was most common among adults. Fruit and candy/other sweets were the most common flavor categories reported together among both youth and adult past 30-day e-cigarette users. Conclusions The use of flavored e-cigarettes is very popular among youth and adults. Most consumers reported using a single flavor category, although some consumers did use a combination of flavor categories. Preference for menthol/mint among adults may represent a carryover from associations with tobacco cigarettes. Typically, sweeter flavors, such as fruit, were among the most popular flavor categories reported, both individually and in combination with other flavors, while more bitter flavors (i.e.: clove/spice) were less common. Implications This study identified predominant flavor categories among past 30-day youth and adult e-cigarette users. Findings indicate that the wide variety of flavors available and the freedom to “mix-and-match” flavors may maintain use of e-cigarettes among youth and adults, and future research should focus on the composition of the ENDS liquid/vapor to disentangle the contributions of sweeteners and flavorants.
TIEG1 is upregulated in Lrp5/6‐mediated valve osteogenesis

We have previously demonstrated that Lrp5/6/β-catenin plays an important role in valve calcification with a specific osteogenic phenotype defined by increased bone mineral content and overall valve thickening. Recent studies indicate that TIEG1 may be involved in mediating the Wnt signaling pathway in bone, which is known to play critical roles in osteoblast differentiation and bone mineralization. Therefore, we sought to test the role of TIEG1 in mediating Wnt signaling, in an established model of hypercholesterolemic valve disease. Our previous model treated null mice with cholesterol diets: Lrp5 -/- /ApoE -/- mice versus wild-type control (n = 180). Group I (n = 60) normal diet, Group II (n = 60) 0.25% chol diet (w/w), and Group III (n = 60) 0.25% (w/w) chol diet + atorv was tested for gene expression for TIEG1, Lrp6, and Runx2. Real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed that there is upregulation of the gene expression for TIEG1 and Runx2 in the hypercholesterolemic double knockout and single knockout valves as compared with controls with a mild increase in Lrp6. To confirm the mechanism, coexpression of β-catenin, TIEG1, and LEF1 in valve cells in vitro, led to the coactivation of the TOPFLASH reporter, which was further confirmed by the observation that TIEG1 and β-catenin colocalize with one another in the nucleus of valvular interstitial cells (VICs) following stimulation with transforming growth factor-β treatment, an established activator of TIEG1. Taken together, these data implicate an important role for TIEG1 in mediating valve osteogenesis.
Chapter 17 – Position-Control Loops

Publisher Summary The majority of motion-control applications require precise velocity and position control. Most use position-control loops, which are control laws designed for the unique requirements of motion systems. Several loop structures are commonly used in the motion-control industry. One technique is to place a velocity loop inside a position loop. The position loop is tuned after the velocity loop. One needs to start by configuring the system as a position loop. Acceleration feed-forward is a natural extension of velocity feed-forward. A current proportional to the acceleration command is added to the velocity loop output. Feed-forward allows the command response of an outer loop to approach that of an inner loop. Here, velocity feed-forward allows the position controller bandwidth to approach the velocity loop bandwidth. Acceleration and velocity feed-forward together allow the position-controller bandwidth to approach the current-loop bandwidth. In most applications, the motor feedback device is used to calculate the load position. This calculation requires scaling to account for the transmission components such as gear trains, belt/pulley sets, and lead screws.
Hemostatic Adaptations to High Intensity Interval Training in Healthy Adult Men.

Regular exercise is theorized to reduce cardiovascular risk by attenuating coagulation and augmenting fibrinolysis. However, these adaptations have not been consistently observed during traditional exercise programs. The purpose of this study was to examine hemostatic adaptations in healthy men following four (4W) and eight (8W) weeks of high intensity interval training. Twenty-one men (age=25±1 y; body mass index=26.5±6.4 kg/m2) completed eight weeks, three days/week of high intensity interval training on a cycle ergometer. Activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and plasma concentrations of thrombin-antithrombin III, fibrinogen, tissue plasminogen activator, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were assessed at baseline (BL), 4W, and 8W. Repeated measures ANOVA were used to determine potential effects of training. There were no significant changes observed for activated partial thromboplastin time (BL=43.3±5.5, 4W=43.2±5.1, 8W=44.2±6.4 s); prothrombin time (BL=13.2±0.9, 4W=13.0±0.6, 8W=13.1±0.8 s); thrombin-antithrombin III (BL=6.0±2.3, 4W=5.8±2.3, 8W=5.6±3.1 ng/mL); tissue plasminogen activator (BL=9.7±3.3, 4W=9.4±3.2, 8W=8.7±2.8 ng/mL); and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (BL=19.0±17.5, 4W=19.3±17.0, 8W=18.9±18.9 ng/mL) (all p>0.05). Fibrinogen was significantly lower at 4W (238.6±70.3 mg/dL) compared to BL (285.0±82.1 mg/dL; p<0.05) and 8W (285.3±83.2 mg/dL; p<0.05). These findings indicate that eight weeks of high intensity interval training does not influence coagulation potential and/or stimulate fibrinolysis.
Adjuvant treatment for high-risk salivary gland malignancies and prognostic stratification based on a 20-year single institution experience.

Background and Aim Retrospective analysis of the utility of adjuvant radiation (RT) or chemoradiation (CRT) and identify prognostic features for patients with high-risk head and neck salivary gland cancers. Methods From 1/1997 to 12/2017, 108 patients underwent surgery, and RT (n = 50) or CRT (n = 58) for positive lymph node(s), extracapsular extension, perineural invasion, lymphovascular space invasion, positive/close margin, and/or grade 3 disease. Outcomes were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Significant predictors identified through regression analyses were incorporated into multivariable regression (MVA). Toxicities were compared using chi-square. Results The median follow-up was 52 months (range: 3-226). The number of risk factors (RFs) between RT and CRT groups were: 0 to 1 (44% vs 7%), 2 to 3 (48% vs 41%), or 4 to 6 (8% vs 52%), respectively (P < .01). On MVA, stage 3 or 4 disease predicted worse outcomes including overall survival (HR 4.55, P = .01). Increasing number of RFs predicted worse disease-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, and overall survival (2-3 RFs: HR 3.38, P = .03; 4-6 RFs: HR 5.78, P < .01), but not locoregional control (P = .54). So, adjuvant CRT may have provided comparable locoregional control for patients with more adverse features, but the CRT did not translate into improved distant control. There was no difference in acute or late grade 3+ toxicities, or parenteral nutrition (P = .98, P = .85, and P = .83), respectively. Conclusions Adjuvant CRT provides adequate locoregional control in patients with more adverse RFs. The absolute number of RFs serves prognostic significance and should be considered in future prospective trials.
A User-Centered Active Learning Approach for Appliance Recognition

Smart homes offer new possibilities for energy management. One key enabler of these systems is the ability to monitor energy consumption at the appliance level. Existing approaches rely mainly on data from aggregated smart meter readings, but lack sufficient accuracy to recognize several appliances. Conversely, smart outlets are a suitable alternative since they can provide accurate electrical readings on individual appliances. Previous approaches for appliance recognition based on smart outlets use passive machine learning, which are deficient in the flexibility and scalability to work with highly heterogeneous appliances in smart homes. In this paper, we propose a stream-based active learning approach, called $K$ -Active-Neighbors (KAN), to address the problem of appliance recognition in smart homes. KAN is an interactive framework in which the user is asked to label signatures of recently used appliances. Differently from previous work, we consider the realistic case in which the user is not always available to participate in the labeling process. Therefore, the system simultaneously learns the signatures and also the user willingness to interact with the system, in order to optimize the learning process. We develop an Arduino-based smart outlet to test our approach. Results show that, compared to previous solutions, KAN achieves higher accuracy in up to 41% less time.
sncRiboTag-Seq: cell-type-specific RiboTag-Seq for cells in low abundance in mouse brain tissue.

Summary The mammalian brain has over 10,000 types of neurons. Therefore, studying gene regulation in the brain requires effective strategies for targeting specific cell types, especially those in low abundance. Cell isolation may alter gene expression and is disruptive to mature neurons with extensive processes. This protocol describes cell-type-specific expression of tagged ribosome and the use of ribosome tagging followed by RNA-seq to identify translatome of low number and sparse cells in mouse brains without disruptive cell isolation. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Gao et al. (2020)
‘Civilized States’ and Situational Sovereignty: The Dilemmas of Romanian Neutrality, 1914–1916:

At the 1914 Crown Council, which decided to keep Romania neutral in 1914, former Conservative prime minister Petre Carp offered his succinct and direct opinion about the direction of Romanian forei...
Dysregulated epigenetic modifications in psoriasis.

The observed incidence of psoriasis has been gradually increasing over time1 , but the underlying pathogenic factors have remained unclear. Recent studies suggest the importance of epigenetic modification in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Aberrant epigenetic patterns including changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA expression are observed in psoriatic skin. Reversing these epigenetic mechanisms have showed improvement in psoriatic phenotypes, making epigenetic therapy a potential avenue for psoriasis treatment. Here, we summarize relevant evidence for epigenetic dysregulation contributing to psoriasis susceptibility and pathogenesis, and the factors responsible for epigenetic modifications, providing directions for potential future clinical avenues.
Protecting Manhood: Race, Class, and Masculinity in Men’s Attraction to Guns and Aggression:

Using an original self-report survey of 18- to 30-year-old men, this study aims to understand gendered processes underlying men’s attitudes toward guns and aggressive behavior through two types of ...
Examining clinical training through a bicultural lens: Experiences of genetic counseling students who identify with a racial or ethnic minority group

Biculturals are individuals who have had significant exposure to more than one culture and who possess more than one cultural frame of reference. In the United States, this term has been used to describe both immigrants and members of racial or ethnic minority groups who live within the majority white culture. Biculturals develop a distinct repertoire of social and cognitive skills and have been shown to engage in a process of cultural frame switching in response to salient cultural cues. Through a conceptual lens offered by current research on biculturalism, this article examines transcripts of focus groups we collected for a study on the clinical training experiences of genetic counseling students who identify with a racial or ethnic minority group. We conducted a constructivist grounded theory study, collecting data via 13 videoconference focus groups with 32 recent graduates of genetic counseling training programs who identify with a racial or ethnic minority group. We focus here on two of the thematic categories identified in that study related to participants' experiences interacting with patients during supervised clinical rotations. We find three ways in which being bicultural influenced these genetic counselors' patient interactions. First, participants described interactions with both culturally concordant and culturally discordant patients that highlighted the salience of their racial, ethnic, or cultural identity in these encounters. Second, they reported sensitivity to social nuances between and within cultures, reflecting the findings of prior research about heightened cultural awareness in biculturals. Third, they described switching cultural frames in response to their patients' identities which, at times, created conflict between their professional and culturally concordant frameworks. The results of this study suggest that the influence of a student's racial, ethnic, or cultural identity on interactions with patients should be discussed within the supervisory relationship, and that being bicultural confers advantages in learning to provide culturally responsive care.
Organoboranes : XVII. Reaction of organometallics with dialkylborane derivatives: The synthesis of mixed organoboranes not available via hydroboration

Abstract The reaction of organolithium reagents with methyl-dialkylborinates in hydrocarbon solvents proceeds readily with precipitation of lithium methoxide and the formation of the corresponding mixed organoborane: Consequently, simple filtration of the reaction mixture gives the mixed organoborane in high yield and purity. Other dialkylborane derivatives, such as the chloride and the hydride, are less desirable as substrates, frequently resulting in isomerization of the new alkyl groups.
Give me a place to stand and I will move the world! Life-long learning in the digital age / Dadme un punto de apoyo y moveré el mundo: el aprendizaje permanente en la era digital

AbstractResearch on ‘digital natives’ indicates that today’s youngsters interact with one another, and the world, in ways that are different from the ways we did growing up. At the same time, ‘millennials’ are not unique in their attempts to cope with so-called twenty-first century skill requirements. Adults too are on a treadmill. They too qualify as life-long learners. This paper stresses the ways today’s learners — and those in charge of their upbringing — navigate, position, p[l]ace themselves in the settings they inhabit, however shortly or permanently. Learning everywhere all the time is not a new idea, especially among progressive educators. Yet its unexamined promotion calls for a pause. To be viable, our schools will be ‘edgeless’ but they cannot be place-less! Students will be connected (online) yet in touch (grounded, centred, sentient). Tools-at-hand may be smart but shouldn’t take over. Lastly, educational institutions will need to rethink their raison d’etre within a broader range of initiat...
Evidence Suggesting That Methods of Rock-Varnish Cation-Ratio Dating Are neither Comparable nor Consistently Reliable

Using samples from a prehistoric quarry site in the Mojave Desert, we tested and compared the two principal methods of rock-varnish cation-ratio dating, analysis of rock-varnish scrapings (R. I. Dorn, 1983, Quaternary Research 20, 49-73 and 1989, Physical Geography 13, 559-596) and analysis of rock varnish in situ (C. D. Harrington and J. W. Whitney, 1987, Geology 15, 967-970). Because we found no consistent relationship between the varnish cation ratio (K + Ca)/Ti, and the relative age of the varnish, neither method could be used to "cation-ratio date" the underlying chert artifacts. Moreover, in situ analyses yielded systematically higher cation ratios and lower Ti abundances than bulk analyses of scraped varnish or microprobe analyses of varnish in cross section. Our results, when considered along with other recently published evidence, indicate that these two methods of varnish chemical analysis and cation-ratio dating may not be comparable, nor consistently reliable, chronometers.
Tropospheric ozone: Seasonal behavior, trends, and anthropogenic influence

In the present analysis of tropospheric ozone data, attention is given to spatial and temporal variations. Two modes of seasonal behavior are noted for surface ozone at mid-latitudes: a broad summer maximum within a few hundred km of industrial/urban areas in Europe and the U.S., and a minimum in summer or autumn in sparcely populated regions that are remote from industrial activity. These and limited historical data indicate that summertime concentrations of ozone near the surface in the rural areas of Europe and the U.S. may have increased between 20 and 100 percent since the 1940s. It is suggested that the summer maximum in ozone and other observed trends are due to photochemical production associated with anthropogenic emissions of NO(x), hydrocarbons, and CO from fossil fuel combustion.
Cell recognition by neuronal growth cones in a simple vertebrate embryo

The mechanism that guides neuronal growth cones to their targets in vertebrate embryos has been difficult to study primarily because of the complexity and large number of neurons found in many vertebrate nervous systems. The spinal cord of a simple vertebrate, the fish embryo, is used to analyze pathfinding mechanisms. The early embryonic spinal cord consists of a relatively small number of identifiable neurons. From the beginning of axonal outgrowth the growth cones of these identified neurons extend along stereotyped and precise pathways in the spinal cord. Laser ablation experiments (i) support the hypothesis that early growth cones that pioneer specific spinal tracts appear to recognize cues on subsets of longitudinally arrayed neuroepithelial cells and (ii) demonstrate that later growth cones that selectively fasciculate in these spinal tracts appear to recognize cues on specific subsets of axons.
THE VARIABLE ANNUITY: SECURITY OR INSURANCE

BY WHAT AGENCY shall companies writing variable annuities be regulated, to what agency shall they be required to report, or may they not be subject to the jurisdiction of two agencies, one state and one federal? This is how U.S. District Judge Robert M. Wilkin summed up the issue in Securities and Exchange Commission v. Variable Annuity Life Insurance Company of America during the second week of the trial.' In its application to intervene as a plaintiff in the case, the National Association of Securities Dealers stated that "the determination of the issue in this case is of great national importance in that it will affect the national economy." The issue therefore should provoke thought and discussion among economists-especially those working in the area of finance.
Synthetic micro/nanomotors in drug delivery

Nanomachines offer considerable promise for the treatment of diseases. The ability of man-made nanomotors to rapidly deliver therapeutic payloads to their target destination represents a novel nanomedicine approach. Synthetic nanomotors, based on a multitude of propulsion mechanisms, have been developed over the past decade toward diverse biomedical applications. In this review article, we journey from the use of chemically powered drug-delivery nanovehicles to externally actuated (fuel-free) drug-delivery nanomachine platforms, and conclude with future prospects and challenges for such practical propelling drug-delivery systems. As future micro/nanomachines become more powerful and functional, these tiny devices are expected to perform more demanding biomedical tasks and benefit different drug delivery applications.
Breakup of silica agglomerates in corotating twin-screw extruder: Modeling and experiment

Extensive experimental studies on silica agglomerate breakup during compounding with polymer melts of various viscosities and polarities in a modular corotating twin-screw extruder were conducted. To avoid a subjectivity of the result, due to small size particles involved, silica agglomerates were characterized by measuring their mass average values. Increasing the screw speed, melt viscosity, and silica concentration were found to increase the silica agglomerate breakup. The effect of these parameters on agglomerate breakup was ranked as follows: silica concentration > polymer viscosity ≈screw revolutions per minute (rpm). A good correlation between silica agglomerate breakage and power input was also found. Based on the experimental data and dispersion process, a composite modular kinetic model for evaluating silica agglomerate breakup during compounding in a corotating twin-screw extruder was tested. The kinetic constants of breakup and reagglomeration of silica agglomerates were calculated based on th...
The Capture of Negative Mesotrons in Matter

A detailed discussion of the energy loss of negative mesotrons in matter is presented. The energy range considered is from +2000 ev to the lowest quantized orbit of the mesotron. The most important mechanism for energy loss is that of electron collisions except very near the nucleus, where radiation losses are important.The time for the over-all process is of the order of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$ sec. in condensed matter and ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}$ sec. in normal air. In chemical compounds the probability of capture near the various atoms is roughly proportional to their atomic numbers.
Student‐led facilitation strategies in online discussions

This study explored student‐led facilitation strategies used to overcome the challenges of instructor‐dominated facilitation, enhance the sense of learning community, and encourage student participation in online discussions. It presents a series of cases of students’ facilitation strategies and using qualitative data analysis of discussion threads within the naturalistic inquiry framework, identifies three facilitation strategies: inspirational; practice‐oriented; and highly structured. The study shows that these facilitation strategies generated innovative ideas, motivated students to participate, and provided a risk‐free and relaxed atmosphere for participation.
Poster: in-lane communication framework using smartphone's inertial sensors

In this paper, we describe the in-lane communication framework that enables the communication between vehicles on the same lane. The system creates a unique signature for each lane using smartphone inertial sensors. The calculated lane signature will be attached with each broadcasted message, where other vehicles on the street compare it with their own lane signature to decide if the received message came from a vehicle on the same lane or not. The paper concentrates on finding the right features that can be used to identify a lane in a road. To identify a lane with a unique signature, the paper proposes a combination of driving features and road features. The paper uses the inertial sensors because the current GPS systems are not accurate enough to locate vehicles with a lane level accuracy. The ability to establish a communication channel between vehicles on the same lane can enhance the road safety and enable several interesting navigation applications.
Missionaries and Foodways in Early 19th-Century Hawai'i

Lucy M. Long and other scholars have pointed out that food, foodways, and beliefs about food convey a group's conceptualization of “its physical, social, and cultural universes.” 1 Distinguishing between edible and inedible foods, food preparation, and dining are all synonymous with becoming civilized and are central to identity formation. In the case of American missionaries to early 19th-century Hawai'i, an examination of food and foodways can act as a lens for understanding the evangelicals’ sense of identity and the importance they gave to food and dining as a symbol of identity. Moreover, it can determine, when it came to food, whether expectations for missionaries were different than those for other imperialists. Finally, an examination of food and foodways can provide insight as to why evangelists constructed Native Hawaiians as “uncivilized” and themselves as superior.
Aspects épidémiologiques et cliniques de l'infection à Campylobacter chez l'enfant. Expérience à Bordeaux sur 4 années

Resume Les Campylobacter sont maintenant consideres comme une des causes principales des infections bacteriennes du tube digestif, avec une frequence tres proche de celle des salmonelles. Il s'agit essentiellement d'une infection pediatrique, touchant davantage les garcons (60 %), le nourrisson avant 1 an (25 % des cas), le plus souvent sporadiques. Il s'agit surtout de C. jejuni (75 %) ou C. coli (16 %), les autres especes etant tres rarement isolees mais donnant plus facilement des septicemies. Les signes cliniques sont essentiellement digestifs, en premier lieu la diarrhee quasi-constante associee une fois sur deux a des douleurs abdominales importantes chez le grand enfant et a du sang dans les selles surtout chez le nourrisson. L'infection est habituellement moderee avec une evolution benigne en une semaine. Plus rarement chez des nouveau-nes ou des immunodeprimes surtout, on observe des infections systemiques ou des localisations viscerales. C. jejuni peut etre responsable de syndrome de Guillain-Barre ou de syndrome hemolytique et uremique. L'antibiotherapie, rarement indiquee repose sur les macrolides.
Sport Psychology for Coaches

Chapter 1. Coaching Philosophy Chapter 2. Communication Chapter 3. Introduction to Mental Skills Training Chapter 4. Goal Setting Chapter 5. Imagery Chapter 6. Relaxation and Energization Chapter 7. Self-Talk Chapter 8. Motivation Chapter 9. Energy Management Chapter 10. Attentional Skills Chapter 11. Stress Management Chapter 12. Self-Confidence Chapter 13. Mental Plans Chapter 14. Implementing Mental Skills Training.
Garters on the gridiron: a critical reading of the lingerie football league.

Using a reading sport methodology, this study examined the Lingerie Football League (LFL) through a critical feminist lens to explore how cultural definitions of femininity, as intersected with rac...
Obesity and eating disorders.

Understanding of the relationship between obesity and eating disorders has evolved over the past century. Obesity itself was considered by many to be an eating disorder until the middle of the last century. It has emerged, however, that most overweight and obese individuals do not overeat in any distinctive pattern. For a minority, however, two clear patterns have been identified: binge eating disorder (BED) and night eating syndrome (NES). Both disorders are more prevalent among overweight and obese persons than among those of normal weight. Their clinical features and treatments follow.
Mechanisms of TSC-mediated Control of Synapse Assembly and Axon Guidance

Tuberous sclerosis complex is a dominant genetic disorder produced by mutations in either of two tumor suppressor genes, TSC1 and TSC2; it is characterized by hamartomatous tumors, and is associated with severe neurological and behavioral disturbances. Mutations in TSC1 or TSC2 deregulate a conserved growth control pathway that includes Ras homolog enriched in brain (Rheb) and Target of Rapamycin (TOR). To understand the function of this pathway in neural development, we have examined the contributions of multiple components of this pathway in both neuromuscular junction assembly and photoreceptor axon guidance in Drosophila. Expression of Rheb in the motoneuron, but not the muscle of the larval neuromuscular junction produced synaptic overgrowth and enhanced synaptic function, while reductions in Rheb function compromised synapse development. Synapse growth produced by Rheb is insensitive to rapamycin, an inhibitor of Tor complex 1, and requires wishful thinking, a bone morphogenetic protein receptor critical for functional synapse expansion. In the visual system, loss of Tsc1 in the developing retina disrupted axon guidance independently of cellular growth. Inhibiting Tor complex 1 with rapamycin or eliminating the Tor complex 1 effector, S6 kinase (S6k), did not rescue axon guidance abnormalities of Tsc1 mosaics, while reductions in Tor function suppressed those phenotypes. These findings show that Tsc-mediated control of axon guidance and synapse assembly occurs via growth-independent signaling mechanisms, and suggest that Tor complex 2, a regulator of actin organization, is critical in these aspects of neuronal development.
Permanent Magnet Machines: Asychronous Operation

The permanent magnet motor operating at subsynchronous speeds, as during run-up, is treated with particular emphasis placed on the role that magnet excitation plays. The torque, during run-up, is separated into components called the "cage torque", the "magnet torque" and pulsating components of double-slip-frequency and single-slip-frequency. Equations for calculation of these torques are derived and a comparision of the relative magnitude is given.
Small-Scale, Self-Propagating Combustion Realized with On-Chip Porous Silicon

For small-scale energy applications, energetic materials represent a high energy density source that, in certain cases, can be accessed with a very small amount of energy input. Recent advances in microprocessing techniques allow for the implementation of a porous silicon energetic material onto a crystalline silicon wafer at the microscale; however, combustion at a small length scale remains to be fully investigated, particularly with regards to the limitations of increased relative heat loss during combustion. The present study explores the critical dimensions of an on-chip porous silicon energetic material (porous silicon + sodium perchlorate (NaClO4)) required to propagate combustion. We etched ∼97 μm wide and ∼45 μm deep porous silicon channels that burned at a steady rate of 4.6 m/s, remaining steady across 90° changes in direction. In an effort to minimize the potential on-chip footprint for energetic porous silicon, we also explored the minimum spacing between porous silicon channels. We demonstrated independent burning of porous silicon channels at a spacing of 0.5 m on a chip surface area of 1.65 cm(2). Smaller porous silicon channels of ∼28 μm wide and ∼14 μm deep were also utilized. These samples propagated combustion, but at times, did so unsteadily. This result may suggest that we are approaching a critical length scale for self-propagating combustion in a porous silicon energetic material.
Age-associated perturbations in glutathione synthesis in mouse liver

The nature of the mechanisms underlying the age-related decline in glutathione (GSH) synthetic capacity is at present unclear. Steady-state kinetic parameters of mouse liver GCL (glutamate-cysteine ligase), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, and levels of hepatic GSH synthesis precursors from the trans-sulfuration pathway, such as homocysteine, cystathionine and cysteine, were compared between young and old C57BL/6 mice (6- and 24-month-old respectively). There were no agerelated differences in GCL V(max), but the apparent K(m) for its substrates, cysteine and glutamate, was higher in the old mice compared with the young mice (approximately 800 compared with approximately 300 microM, and approximately 710 compared with 450 microM, P<0.05 for cysteine and glutamate in young and old mice respectively). Amounts of cysteine, cystathionine and Cys-Gly increased with age by 91, 24 and 28% respectively. Glutathione (GSH) levels remained unchanged with age, whereas GSSG content showed an 84% increase, suggesting a significant pro-oxidizing shift in the 2GSH/GSSG ratio. The amount of the toxic trans-sulfuration/glutathione biosynthetic pathway intermediate, homocysteine, was 154% higher (P<0.005) in the liver of old mice compared with young mice. The conversion of homocysteine into cystathionine, a rate-limiting step in trans-sulfuration catalysed by cystathionine beta-synthase, was comparatively less efficient in the old mice, as indicated by cystathionine/homocysteine ratios. Incubation of tissue homogenates with physiological concentrations of homocysteine caused an up to 4.4-fold increase in the apparent K(m) of GCL for its glutamate substrate, but had no effect on V(max). The results suggest that perturbation of the catalytic efficiency of GCL and accumulation of homocysteine from the trans-sulfuration pathway may adversely affect de novo GSH synthesis during aging.
Dynamic characteristics of joint-dominated space trusses

The rotational stiffness of hinge joints, and the gap of the joints applied in large deployable trusses, have been experimentally shown to have a significant role in determining such structures' dynamic behavior; an analytical validation of these results is presented for the case where linear rotation springs are used to model the hinge joints employed in a simple beam in trusses. The results obtained indicate that the natural frequencies of these structures depend not only on joint stiffness but also on joint location. Such gap parameters as gap size, stiffness, position, and excitation-force levels, are discussed with a view to a deeper understanding of their effects on a space interferometry system's simulated dynamic responses.
Comparison of dynamic mechanical relaxation processes at cryogenic temperatures in polyesters

The relaxation behavior of poly (1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate) over the temperature range 4.2[ddot]-300[ddot]K is reported. The trans polymer shows a strong γ relaxation at 175[ddot]K...
Progenitor cells derived from the adult human subcortical white matter disperse and differentiate as oligodendrocytes within demyelinated lesions of the rat brain

A distinct population of white matter progenitor cells (WMPCs), competent but not committed to generate oligodendrocytes, remains ubiquitous in the adult human subcortical white matter. These cells are present in both sexes and into senescence and may constitute as much as 4% of the cells of adult human capsular white matter. Transduction of adult human white matter dissociates with plasmids bearing early oligodendrocytic promoters driving fluorescent reporters permits the separation of these cells at high yield and purity, as does separation based on their expression of A2B5 immunoreactivity. Isolates of these cells survive xenograft to lysolecithin-demyelinated brain and migrate rapidly to infiltrate these lesions, without extending into normal white matter. Within several weeks, implanted progenitors mature as oligodendrocytes, and develop myelin-associated antigens. Lentiviral tagging with green fluorescent protein confirmed that A2B5-sorted progenitors develop myelin basic protein expression within regions of demyelination and that they fail to migrate when implanted into normal brain. Adult human white matter progenitor cells can thus disperse widely through regions of experimental demyelination and are able to differentiate as myelinating oligodendrocytes. This being the case, they may constitute appropriate vectors for cell-based remyelination strategies.
HUMAN THYROID UPTAKE AND BODILY ELIMINATION OF I-131 FOR THE CASE OF SINGLE AND CONTINUAL INGESTION OF BOUND IODINE IN RESIN-TREATED MILK.

Abstract—Five human volunteers ingested resin-treated milk containing protein-bound I131 for periods of time ranging from 1 to 63 days and in amounts ranging from 0.15 to 92 nc. In the first experiment all subjects ingested daily dosages of I131 for periods ranging from 4 to 63 days. Thyroid uptake was measured by γ-ray scintillation countings of all subjects. Urinary exafetion was measured on two subjects, one of which was followed for 67 days. In a second experiment, two subjects ingested a single dose each. Thyroid uptake and urinary exafetion were measured as in the first experiment. Extrapolations are made from the single-intake data to the case of continuous intake and are compared with the daily intake data. From these data, estimates are made offw,f1,f2, and Tb for thyroid gland and are compared with IAFP and NAFP recommendations.
Mechanism of epsilon-15 conversion studies with a bacterial mutant.

Abstract Lysogenization of Salmonella anatum by the bacteriophage ϵ 15 brings about the synthesis of a cellular O-antigen with β-galactosyl linkages in place of the usual α-galactosyl linkages. Biosynthetic studies have shown that the α-galactosyl linkages are generated by an enzyme which polymerizes trisaccharide units into O-antigen. This finding suggests that the mechanism of this phage conversion may involve the replacement of the host enzyme by a phage-directed enzyme which generates a β-galactosyl-linked polymer. A mutant of S. anatum is reported which is blocked in the polymerization of trisaccharide into O-antigen. Phage ϵ 15 restores polymerizing activity in the absence of host enzyme activity, suggesting the synthesis of a new β-polymerizing enzyme upon lysogeny.
Integrated Electroplating System Modeling and Simulation for Near Zero Discharge of Chemicals and Metals

The optimality of design and operation of an electroplating system determines largely coating quality, productivity, and waste reduction efficiency. Industrial practice shows that, in a usual operation, the solution loss from an electroplating unit through drag-out can be as high as 30% of overall consumption. This has dramatically increased operating cost as well as waste treatment cost. On the other hand, plating quality in terms of coating thickness on workpieces is always a concern in plants. To improve the economic and environmental performance, a key step is to have a deep understanding of the system. Model-based simulation has proven to be a cost-effective approach along this venue. This paper introduces a fundamental-based general modeling methodology for characterizing an integrated electroplating system that consists of a plating unit and a solution recovery subsystem. The methodology allows detailed system analysis and complete process information integration, which will be crucial for optimal design and operation of a closed-loop electroplating for prevention of plating solution loss and assurance of coating thickness on workpieces. A case study on an alkali zinc electroplating system will demonstrate the efficacy of the model-based design and operation approach.
Influence of self-monitoring on heterosexual conversational behaviors of head trauma youth

This study evaluates the impact of self-monitoring on three heterosexual conversational behaviors of head trauma youths. Two 5-minute audiotaped conversations occurred daily between the youths and unfamiliar female confederates. Two conversations occurring on alternate days in clinical and natural conversational settings were scored for the frequency of compliments, questions, and self-disclosures. A multiple baseline analysis with alternating treatments for "instructions to self-monitor" and "no instructions to self-monitor" revealed (a) self-monitoring had an accelerative effect on compliments and questions and a decelerative effect on self-disclosure; (b) self-monitoring effects were maintained despite transferring from a mechanical counter to an unspecified covert monitoring procedure; (c) self-monitoring had a comparable effect whether employed in a clinical or functional communication setting; (d) performance of the target behavior was most strongly influenced under the "instructions to self-monitor condition;" (e) once intervention was directed to another response, the rate under the instructions and no instruction conditions became equivalent; and (f) the results maintained over a 1-month follow-up for one youth available for observation. Finally, social comparison and subjective evaluation data supported the importance of intervention.
Association of the kinesin-binding domain of RanBP2 to KIF5B and KIF5C determines mitochondria localization and function.

The Ran-binding protein 2 (RanBP2) is a large mosaic protein with a pleiotropic role in cell function. Although the contribution of each partner and domain of RanBP2 to its biological functions are not understood, physiological deficits of RanBP2 downregulate glucose catabolism and energy homeostasis and lead to delocalization of mitochondria components in photosensory neurons. The kinesin-binding domain (KBD) of RanBP2 associates selectively in the central nervous system (CNS), and directly, with the ubiquitous and CNS-specific kinesins, KIF5B and KIF5C, respectively, but not with the highly homologous KIF5A. Here, we determine the molecular and biological bases of the selective interaction between RanBP2 and KIF5B/KIF5C. This interaction is conferred by a ∼100-residue segment, comprising a portion of the coiled-coil and globular tail cargo-binding domains of KIF5B/KIF5C. A single residue conserved in KIF5B and KIF5C, but not KIF5A, confers KIF5-isotype-specific association with RanBP2. This interaction is also mediated by a conserved leucine-like heptad motif present in KIF5s and KBD of RanBP2. Selective inhibition of the interaction between KBD of RanBP2 and KIF5B/KIF5C in cell lines causes perinuclear clustering of mitochondria, but not of lysosomes, deficits in mitochondrial membrane potential and ultimately, cell shrinkage. Collectively, the data provide a rationale of the KIF5 subtype-specific interaction with RanBP2 and support a novel kinesin-dependent role of RanBP2 in mitochondria transport and function. The data also strengthen a model whereby the selection of a large array of cargoes for transport by a restricted number of motor proteins is mediated by adaptor proteins such as RanBP2.
Angiopoietin 2 concentrations in infants developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia: attenuation by dexamethasone.

To study the association between angiopoietin 2 (Ang2) concentrations in tracheal aspirates (TAs) and adverse outcome (bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)/death) in ventilated premature infants (VPIs) and modulation of Ang2 concentrations with dexamethasone (Dex) use. Serial TA samples were collected on days 1, 3, 5 and 7, and Ang2 concentrations were measured. Ang2 TA concentrations were compared prior to and after 48 to 72 h of using Dex. A total of 151 TA samples were collected from 60 VPIs. BPD was defined as the oxygen requirement at 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). Twelve infants (mean±s.d.) (gestational age (GA) 26.5±2.1 weeks, birth weight (BW) 913±230 g) had no BPD, 32 infants (GA 25.8±1.4 weeks, BW 768±157 g) developed BPD and 16 infants (GA 24.5±1.1 weeks, BW 710±143 g) died before 36 weeks PMA. Ang2 concentrations were significantly lower in infants with no BPD (median, 25th and 75th percentile) (157, 16 and 218 pg mg−1) compared with those who developed BPD (234, 138 and 338 pg mg−1, P=0.03) or BPD and/or death (234, 157 and 347 pg mg−1, P=0.017), in the first week of life. Twenty-six VPIs (BW 719±136 g, GA 25.1±1.3 weeks) received 27 courses of Dex. Ang2 concentrations before starting Dex were 202, 137 and 278 pg mg−1 and significantly decreased to 144, 0 and 224 pg mg−1 after therapy (P=0.007). Higher Ang2 concentrations in TAs are associated with the development of BPD or death in VPIs. Dex use suppressed Ang2 concentrations.
Isolating spatial effects on beta diversity to inform forest landscape planning

Understanding the effects of landscapes on pest and non-pest species is necessary if regional landscape planning is to both control pests and conserve biodiversity. A first step is understanding of how both pests and non-pest species interact with the landscape configuration to determine the density of the two groups. While it is impossible to examine the occurrence and dispersal behavior of all species, different turnover rates in different species assemblages may offer general insights into responses of species assemblages. In this study I examine the distance decay of similarity of longhorned beetle assemblages in a large forest area in Indiana, USA, with minimal differences in habitat and few barriers to dispersal. Differences in beta diversity between groups are therefore likely due to dispersal distances. I found differences in turnover rates between species that decompose dead wood and those that attack living trees, and between species with different adult feeding habits. This suggests that management for simultaneous conservation and pest control is possible.
Damage Evaluation and Life Extension of Structural Components

This paper describes an approach to life prediction in which critical elements of major structural components are continuously monitored by appropriate damage indicators for structural damage, and, based on the indicated damage state, an on-line assessment is made of the remaining life. Concurrently alternative corrective measures can then be assessed, and if the life has been found wanting, appropriate actions taken. The process is viewed as a continuous one whereby the current remaining life of critical elements is known as the plant ages. The need for applying such procedures becomes increasingly important as some of our major structures approach their design life and concerns arises regarding retirement and replacement vs. life ex tension.
NASICON electrode for detecting sodium ions

Abstract Solid electrolytes are used for electrochemical devices like batteries, fuel cells and sensors. NASICON, a ceramic Na + conductor, has been used as a sensitive membrane for an Na + -sensitive electrode for several years. In this contribution we report on the stability of NASICON in aqueous solutions and on the characteristic of an Na + -sensitive electrode with NASICON as membrane. Such a membrane can be prepared by conventional ceramic techniques but also by the screen printing technique. An all thick film electrode with NASICON as sensitive membrane and sodium tungsten bronze as internal reference electrode is less sensitive to Na + than an electrode with a membrane in pellet form.
Sunspots and the physics of magnetic flux tubes. V - Mutual hydrodynamic forces between neighboring tubes

The mutual hydrodynamic forces between parallel cylinders in a moving fluid are illustrated through several formal examples. Parallel tubes in a uniform flow are attracted or repelled depending on whether they are side by side or one ahead of the other, respectively. A pulsating or undulating tube attracts all other neighboring tubes toward itself. These hydrodynamic effects suggest that the separate flux tubes beneath the sunspots exert significant attractive forces on each other.