cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Standardization in Bilirubin Assays: Evaluation of Selected Methods and Stability of Bilirubin Solutions

Because of the inaccuracy of bilirubin (BIL) determinations, we have investigated some sources of error associated with the most commonly used methods. Inadequate standardization appears to be the most common error. BIL standards in either human serum albumin (HSA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), or pooled human serum were analyzed by these methods. Molar absorptivities (e) of azobilirubin by the Jendrassik—Grof procedure were practically identical in all three protein bases. The Meites—Hogg and Malloy—Evelyn methods gave substantially higher e values with BIL in serum than with BIL in either HSA or BSA. The precision of all methods was good, but best with the Jendrassik—Grof procedure. BIL standards can be prepared with good reproducibility (CV <0.5%). Standards deteriorate appreciably at -23 °C but are stable at -70 °C. Our data indicate a need for improved commercial BIL controls.
QoS-Driven Adaptive Power and Rate Allocation for Multichannel Communications in Mobile Wireless Networks

We propose a quality-of-service (QoS) driven power and rate adaptation scheme for multichannel communications systems over wireless links. In particular, we use multichannel communications to model either diversity or multiplexing systems, which play a fundamental role in physical-layer evolutions of mobile wireless networks. By integrating information theory with the concept of effective capacity, our proposed scheme aims at maximizing the multichannel-systems throughput subject to a given delay-QoS constraint. Under the framework of convex optimization, we develop the optimal adaptation algorithms. Our analyses show that when the QoS constraint becomes loose, the optimal power-control policy converges to the well-known water-filling scheme, where the Shannon (or ergodic) capacity can be achieved. On the other hand, when the QoS constraint gets stringent, the optimal policy converges to the scheme operating at a constant-rate (i.e., the zero-outage capacity), which, by using only a limited number of subchannels, approaches to the Shannon capacity. This observation implies that the optimal effective capacity function decreases from the ergodic capacity to the zero-outage capacity as the QoS constraint becomes more stringent. Furthermore, unlike the single-channel communications, which have to trade off the throughput for QoS provisioning, the multichannel communications can achieve both high throughput and stringent QoS at the same time.
On-Line Evidence for Elaborative Logical Inferences in Text

A model of propositional-logic reasoning proposed by M. D. S. Braine, B. J. Reiser, and B. Rumain (1984) claims that inferences such as "p or q; not p/therefore q" are made spontaneously by readers at the moment both premises are available. This claim is inconsistent with some evidence in the text-processing literature that suggests that only those inferences necessary for textual coherence are made spontaneously. In the present study, participants read stories in which a logical inference was not necessary to maintain textual coherence, and inference making was assessed with on-line probes. Two experiments tested logical forms central to Braine et al.'s model, and both indicated that participants were making the logical inferences. Two further experiments replicated this result with stories that did not begin with thematic titles. These findings support Braine et al.'s prediction that some propositional-logic inferences are made routinely in texts that do not require them for coherence.
Car prices and the degree of buyer sophistication

This study deals with price variations among car dealers. The major emphasis is on differences in prices quoted to prospective buyers based on their degree of sophistication. The value of bargaining in the price negotiation process is addressed. Prices are also compared based on dealer sales volume and dealer location.
Dielectric volume measurements for biomedical applications

We have developed a dielectric measurement system for recovering the properties of bulk tissue samples utilizing a specialized configuration of our microwave tomographic imaging system. We exploit the fact that the sample's location, shape and size can be determined a priori based on the known fixture geometry and integrate this with a soft prior algorithm to essentially recover a single dielectric property within the target zone. This is potentially an important approach for cases where the widely applied coaxial probe approach is not optimal due to poor surface contact and property differences between the surface and tissue interior. For example, the treated surface of a sample of cancellous bone can be quite heterogeneous given the intricate web of trabeculae, fat and marrow. Our technique is able to reconstruct a value for this sample which is indicative of the whole volume.
ESP13.2, a Member of the β-Defensin Family, Is a Macaque Sperm Surface-Coating Protein Involved in the Capacitation Process

Female macaques produced isoantibodies to a limited number of sperm surface proteins following immunization with sperm components released by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC). Washed, acrosome-intact, fixed sperm injected into rabbits elicited a major immune response to one of the same PI-PLC-released proteins, which was shown to be a sperm surface-coating protein. After purification and digestion of the glycoprotein, four peptides were analyzed for amino acid sequence, and all had 100% homology with an epididymal secretory protein, ESP13.2, reported previously to be a small, cationic-rich peptide and a member of the b-defensin family. Antibodies to purified ESP13.2 recognized a number of protein bands on Western blots of nonreduced PI-PLC-released sperm components and nonreduced whole-sperm extracts. After chemical disulfide reduction, only a single, broad band from 31 to 35 kDa was recognized by anti-ESP13.2 antibodies. Indirect immunofluorescence showed ESP13.2 over the entire surface of ejaculated macaque sperm. Fluorescence was only slightly reduced after sperm were washed through 80% Percoll. A 24-h incubation in capacitating medium significantly reduced the amount of ESP13.2 over the head and midpiece, whereas exposure of the incubated sperm to dbcAMP and caffeine (capacitation activators) resulted in almost complete loss of ESP13.2 from the sperm surface. After activation, ESP13.2 was the primary component released into the medium as judged electrophoretically. Lignosulfonic acid, a potent inhibitor of macaque fertilization in vitro, completely blocked release of ESP13.2 from the sperm surface, even following treatment with activators. These findings suggest that the b-defensin, ESP13.2, has a function in the capacitation of macaque spermatozoa and may modulate sperm surface-receptor presentation at the time of fertilization. cyclic adenosine monophosphate, epididymis, gamete biology, sperm, sperm capacitation
Assessment of Physiologic and Pathologic Radiative Heat Dissipation Using Dynamic Infrared Imaging

: This paper reviews the mechanism and assessment of regulated radiative heat dissipation, involving the circulatory system and the skin. It describes the quantitative assessment of skin temperature modulation. The main regulating process, which can be quantitatively monitored by fast and sensitive dynamic infrared imaging, involves autonomic nervous control of cutaneous and subcutaneous perfusion. This control is significantly affected by a variety of local or systemic pathologic conditions, including cancer and certain neuropathies. A potential clinical application that objectively assesses local attenuation of temperature modulation in the presence of breast cancer is described in some detail. Systemic aberrations in skin temperature modulation can be clinically useful also in neurology. It can be used also in psychology and psychiatry to evaluate transient effects of mental stress on the autonomic nervous system.
A perspective on trends in multiscale plasticity

Abstract Research trends in metal plasticity over the past 25 years are briefly reviewed. The myriad of length scales at which phenomena involving microstructure rearrangement during plastic flow is discussed, along with key challenges. Contributions of the author’s group over the past 30 years are summarized in this context, focusing on the statistical nature of microstructure evolution and emergent multiscale behavior associated with metal plasticity, current trends and models for length scale effects, multiscale kinematics, the role of grain boundaries, and the distinction of the roles of concurrent and hierarchical multiscale modeling in the context of materials design.
An experimental investigation of three eigen DF techniques

The comparative direction-finding (DF) performance of multiple signal classification (MUSIC), ROOT-MUSIC, and estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) is considered. Data were collected from two target transmitters operating simultaneously. The objective of the experiment was to evaluate multipath resolution capability using measurement precision equivalent to that found in modern radio direction-finding systems. >
Surface-tension phenomena in organismal biology: an introduction to the symposium.

Synopsis Flows driven by surface tension are both ubiquitous and diverse, involving the drinking of birds and bees, the flow of xylem in plants, the impact of raindrops on animals, respiration in humans, and the transmission of diseases in plants and animals, including humans. The fundamental physical principles underlying such flows provide a unifying framework to interpret the adaptations of the microorganisms, animals, and plants that rely upon them. The symposium on ‘‘Surface-Tension Phenomena in Organismal Biology’’ assembled an interdisciplinary group of researchers to address a large spectrum of topics, all articulated around the role of surface tension in shaping biology, health, and ecology. The contributions to the symposium and the papers in this issue are meant to be a starting point for novices to familiarize themselves with the fundamentals of flows driven by surface tension; to understand how they can play a governing role in many settings in organismal biology; and how such understanding of nature’s use of surface tension can, in turn, inspire humans to innovate.
Elevated Fibrinogen and Homocysteine Levels Enhance the Risk of Mortality in Patients From a High-Risk Preventive Cardiology Clinic

Fibrinogen (Fib) plays an important role in platelet aggregation and thrombus formation, and homocysteine (tHcy) causes endothelial dysfunction and injury. Therefore, an interaction toward an enhanced risk of thrombotic events and consequent mortality might be expected in patients with both factors elevated. To determine whether patients exposed jointly to high Fib and high tHcy were at increased risk of mortality, we compared them with those with only one or neither risk factors elevated. Prevalence of coronary artery disease (cross-section) and short-term mortality (30±14 months) were assessed in 2084 patients with available baseline tHcy and Fib. Upper quartiles were used to define high tHcy (>14.2 μmol/L) and high Fib (>382 mg/dL). Cox models adjusting for Framingham risk score, creatinine, and coronary artery disease status were used to estimate the risk of high tHcy and high Fib and their combinations. Mean age of the patients was 56±12 years (35% women) with 71 (3.4%) recorded deaths. Risk-adjusted...
Electrocardiographic Imaging of Ventricular Bigeminy in a Human Subject

Ventricular bigeminy refers to the appearance of paired different ventricular complexes in the body-surface ECG (Figure, A inset, lead V2). From this ECG morphology, it has been inferred that bigeminy is generated by interaction between an extrasystolic beat and a regular periodic ventricular beat.1 The regular beat is typically generated by sinus rhythm but could also be a paced rhythm. The mechanism of ventricular bigeminy was inferred mainly on the basis of analysis of body-surface ECG signals.1,2 However, the ECG measures the reflection of cardiac electrical activation at a limited number of points, on the body surface, remote from the heart. It does not provide detailed information about cardiac activation patterns, data that are necessary for understanding the mechanism of ventricular bigeminy. Figure. …
Haploinsufficiency of yeast FEN1 causes instability of expanded CAG/CTG tracts in a length-dependent manner.

Abstract Trinucleotide repeat diseases, such as Huntington's disease, are caused by the expansion of trinucleotide repeats above a threshold of about 35 repeats. Once expanded, the repeats are unstable and tend to expand further both in somatic cells and during transmission, resulting in a more severe disease phenotype. Flap endonuclease 1 (Fen1), has an endonuclease activity specific for 5′ flap structures and is involved in Okazaki fragment processing and base excision repair. Fen1 also plays an important role in preventing instability of CAG/CTG trinucleotide repeat sequences, as the expansion frequency of CAG/CTG repeats is increased in FEN1 mutants in vitro and in yeast cells defective for the yeast homolog, RAD27. Here we have tested whether one copy of yeast FEN1 is enough to maintain CAG/CTG tract stability in diploid yeast cells. We found that CAG/CTG repeats are stable in RAD27 +/− cells if the tract is 70 repeats long and exhibit a slightly increased expansion frequency if the tract is 85 or 130 repeats long. However for CAG-155 tracts, the repeat expansion frequency in RAD27 +/− cells is significantly higher than in RAD27 +/+ cells. This data indicates that cells containing longer CAG/CTG repeats need more Fen1 protein to maintain tract stability and that maintenance of long CAG/CTG repeats is particularly sensitive to Fen1 levels. Our results may explain the relatively small effects seen in the Huntington's disease (HD) FEN1 +/− heterozygous mice and myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) FEN1 +/− heterozygous mice, and suggest that inefficient flap processing by Fen1 could play a role in the continued expansions seen in humans with trinucleotide repeat expansion diseases.
Evolution of all-optical networks; IP centric photonic network development

This paper describes the evolution of photonic network technology and the concept of the photonic multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) router, which is aimed at integrating IP and photonic technologies.
Optimized Life Using Frequency and Time Domain Approaches

Life estimation of mechanical components has been practiced for quite some time. There are two approaches available: (1) use the response in time domain and do a cycle counting and (2) determine the response in frequency domain and use a cumulative damage calculation to cross the resonance. These two methods apparently look different and generally not connected. Here we examine these methods and their applicability in determining life of mechanical components and find their suitability for different applications. We will also discuss their common aspects and state their relative advantages and disadvantages.
A Note on the Commutativity of Prime Near-rings

Let N be a prime near-ring. We show two main results on the commutativity of N: (1) If there exist k, l ∈ ℕ such that N admits a generalized derivation D satisfying either D([x,y])=xk [x,y]xl for all x, y ∈ N or D([x,y])=-xk [x,y]xl for all x, y ∈ N, then N is a commutative ring. (2) If there exist k, l ∈ ℕ such that N admits a generalized derivation D satisfying either D(x ◦ y)= xk (x ◦ y) xl for all x, y ∈ N or D(x ◦ y)= -xk (x ◦ y) xl for all x, y ∈ N, then N is a commutative ring. Moreover, some interesting relations between the prime graph and zero-divisor graph of N are studied.
Interactive Sonification Markup Language (ISML) for Efficient Motion-Sound Mappings

Despite rapid growth of research on auditory display and sonification mapping per se, there has been little effort on efficiency or accessibility of the mapping process. In order to expedite variations on sonification research configurations, we have developed the Interactive Sonification Markup Language (ISML). ISML is designed within the context of the Immersive Interactive Sonification Platform (iISoP) at Michigan Technological University. We present an overview of the system, the motivation for developing ISML, and the time savings realized through its development. We then discuss the features of ISML and its accompanying graphical editor, and conclude by summarizing the system’s feature development and future plans for its further enhancement. ISML is expected to decrease repetitive development tasks for multiple research studies and to increase accessibility to diverse sonification researchers who do not have programming experience.
Abstract 285: Renal Inflammation and Injury Markers Correlate Directly With Cortical and Fractional Hypoxia Measured With Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) MR in Human Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis

Background: Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) reduces renal blood flow (RBF) and amplifies regional kidney hypoxia, but their relationship to tissue inflammation and injury markers is poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that renal injury, reflected by renal vein levels of neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) and inflammatory cytokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) would be magnified with severe occlusive vascular disease in humans with ARAS. Methods: Inpatient studies performed in patients with ARAS (n=40, 71.3±11% occlusion by CT angiography) or essential hypertension (EH) (n=30), during fixed Na+ intake and ACE/ARB Rx. Single-kidney cortical and medullary perfusion and RBF were measured using multidetector CT, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by iothalamate clearance. Tissue deoxyhemoglobin levels (R2*) and fractional kidney hypoxia (% of axial area with R2*>30/s) were measured by BOLD-MRI at 3T. Results: Single kidney RBF, cortical and medullary perfusion were reduced in the post-stenotic kidney, as was GFR. Renal vein NGAL, MCP-1 and fractional hypoxia were higher in patients with ARAS than EH. NGAL and MCP-1 levels correlated directly with cortical R2* and fractional hypoxia (r = 0.52, P Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that elevated renal venous markers of kidney inflammation (MCP-1) and injury (NGAL) in ARAS are correlated with the severity of tissue hypoxia as measured by BOLD MR, suggesting a possible link between kidney inflammation and hypoxia.
Acute Phospholine intoxication after intracutaneous injection

In a healthy young male, the intracutaneous injection of 0.5 mg. echothiophate caused acute intoxication characterized by muscarinic signs and symptoms. These were severe enough to require hospitalization. They were alleviated by the administration of atropine. In a blood sample obtained 2 hours after the administration of echothiophate there was no evidence of plasma cholinesterase activity; red cell cholinesterase activity was 20 per cent of normal. In the next 19 days, there was a gradual return of plasma cholinesterase activity to near normal values. Red cell activity rose in the first few days to 60 per cent of the normal mean, dropped sharply to 20 per cent of normal between the fourth and fifth days, and remained essentially unchanged during the observation period.
System of Systems Approaches for Mobile Source Transit Security

The petroleum industry uses radioactive isotopes in well-logging operations to support oil exploration activities. Well-logging service providers use radiological sources to obtain the most accurate estimate of porosity in geologic formations. The National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), through its Global Threat Reduction Initiative (GTRI), has a mission to enhance the security of high-priority nuclear and radiological materials in civilian use. As part of this mission, GTRI intends to facilitate tracking and security of well-logging radiological sources both in the United States and around the world. GTRI is sponsoring the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory to develop a Mobile Source Transit Security System that can be used by the well-logging service providers to track these sources in near real time on a worldwide basis. This paper describes the system capabilities, constraints, and conceptual design. System of systems approaches and challenges that were considered in the development of the system are highlighted.
Comparison of the Phenotype and Approach to Pediatric vs Adult Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the main chronic noncommunicable diseases in Westernized societies; its worldwide prevalence has doubled during the last 20 years. NAFLD has serious health implications not only for adults, but also for children. However, pediatric NAFLD is not only an important global problem in itself, but it is likely to be associated with increases in comorbidities, such as metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. There are several differences between NAFLD in children and adults, and it is not clear whether the disease observed in children is the initial phase of a process that progresses with age. The increasing prevalence of pediatric NAFLD has serious implications for the future adult population requiring appropriate action. Studies of NAFLD progression, pathogenesis, and management should evaluate disease phenotypes in children and follow these over the patient's lifetime. We review the similarities and differences of NAFLD between children and adults.
Reproductive Responses of the Broad Mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Acari: Tarsonemidae), to Constant Temperature-Humidity Regimes

Reproductive responses of the broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks), to various temperature-humidity combinations were investigated by measuring egg production and population increase per generation. Multiple regression analysis was used to fit curves to the data. The equation used to predict egg production indicated that 23.7°C was the optimum temperature for egg laying, and that 12° to 14°C and 33° to 35°C were the respective lower and upper theoretical thresholds. Population increase was greatest at 20°C and 90% RH. Temperatures above 30°C coupled with low humidities were lethal to the egg and nymphal stages. Temperature-humidity tolerances are discussed in relation to population trends and distribution of this mite in southern California.
Quenched-In Defects in CW Laser-Annealed Si

DLTS has been used to investigate the nature of CW laser-induced defects in ion-implanted Si. A dominant hole trap (∼Ev + 0.45 eV), whose concentration depends on laser power, was observed immediately after sample preparation. This defect is not stable at room temperature; instead, it decays as a function of time, transmuting to a shallow level at Ev + 0.10 eV. The recovery of the Ev + 0.45 eV level can be stimulated by low temperature thermal annealing or by minority carrier injection. By comparing these defects in laser-annealed samples with defects produced by furnace annealing followed by rapid cooling, and with other published results, the laser-induced defects have been identified as interstitial Fe and Fe-B pairs. Experiments suggest that elevated substrate temperature during laser annealing may inhibit the formation of these deep hole traps.
Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, a distinctive astroglial tumor: Neuroradiologic and pathologic features

PURPOSE To analyze and discuss CT and MR features of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) and present salient histopathologic features of this distinctive astroglial tumor. METHOD CT, MR, and histopathologic studies on seven patients with the histologic diagnosis of PXA were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS All patients were in their first 3 decades of life when first diagnosed and demonstrated peripherally situated supratentorial tumors of varying size involving the superficial cortex and leptomeninges. Five of six cases examined with CT showed areas of mixed attenuation with four demonstrating well-demarcated enhancement. MR demonstrated low or mixed signal intensity on T1-weighted and high or mixed signal intensity on T2-weighted sequences. All five who received gadopentetate dimeglumine showed well-defined enhancement. Three showed cyst formation. Typical histologic features included marked cellular pleomorphism with giant cells, bizarre nuclei, variable cytoplasmic lipidization and positive immunoreactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein. Necrosis and endothelial-pericytic cell proliferation were absent. CONCLUSION PXA has a highly suggestive neuroradiologic and distinctive histopathologic appearance.
What's Your Source: Evaluating the Effects of Context in Episodic Memory for Objects in Natural Scenes.

It is well known that the context of a scene can have a strong effect on the identification of objects in the scene (e.g., Biederman, 1972). However, it is unclear what role global versus local context plays on episodic memory for objects. We present results from a series of experiments that evaluate the degree to which the global and local context contributes to memory performance: partial scene context, where global context was partially removed, no-spatial scene context, where the local spatial relationships among objects was distorted, and random context, where the associative relationship among objects was altered. Study time was also manipulated. We compare the findings to memory performance for objects in natural scenes (Hemmer & Steyvers, 2009; Steyvers & Hemmer, 2012). Results show that background context of a scene is important for initial scene interpretation. In addition, associative and spatial context is important for the retention of a larger number of objects in memory.
O-039 diameters of large vessels in children and compatibility with adult interventional stroke devices: children are not little adults

Introduction The safety of using adult-sized thrombectomy devices in the smaller pediatric vasculature is a concern among stroke interventionalists. Here we measure vessel diameters in the cervical and cranial circulation in children to characterize when adult-approved devices might be compatible in children. Methods For 54 children without vasculopathy (age: mean=9.5 ± 4.9 years, range=0.02–17.8 years; sex: 20F/34M) undergoing catheter angiography, the diameters of the large vessels in the cervical and cranial circulation (10 locations, 611 total measurements) were assessed by 3 radiologists. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated. Mean±SD diameter was calculated for these age groups: 0–6 months; 1 year; and 2, 3, 4, 5–9, 10–14, and 15–18 years. To compare to adult sizes, each vessel measurement was normalized to the respective region mean diameter in children 15–18. Normalized measurements were plotted against age and fitted to a segmented regression, with breakpoint=5 years. Post-hoc, for each segment, age was also controlled for body mass index (BMI) using multivariate linear regression. Results ICC ranged from 0.88 to 0.99. Vessel diameters increased rapidly between 0 to 5 years of age (slope=0.069/year) but changed minimally beyond that (slope=0.005/year) (Figure 1, R-square=0.2). The regression model predicted that, at 5 years of age, vessels would be 94% the diameter of the older age group (compared to 59% at birth). BMI was not significantly associated with vessel size in either age range. While smaller, vessels in children under 5 were hypothetically large enough to be compatible with adult devices in several cases (Table 1). Conclusions From a size perspective, neurointerventionalists should consider patients 5 years and over as having vessels comparable to adults. Beyond 5 years, age alone should not be a contraindication to thrombectomy. Under 5 years, devices might still be compatible. BMI may not be as reliable as age when predicting vessel sizes in children. Disclosures T. Ladner: None. L. He: None. S. Pruthi: None. M. Day: None. A. Desai: None. L. Jordan: None. M. Froehler: None.
Circadian variations in claimed self-handicapping: Exploring the strategic use of stress as an excuse

Abstract The current research examines the effects of resource availability, assessed here via individual differences in circadian typology, on the use of claimed self-handicapping. Participants high in trait self-handicapping were more likely to claim stress when told it would negatively affect their score on an upcoming intelligence task (versus when told stress would not affect their score). However, this effect emerged only during on-peak (as opposed to off-peak) times, suggesting that the use of self-handicapping depends upon available resources. Further analyses showed that reported stress was mediated by the participants' evaluative concern. Interestingly, participants high in trait self-handicapping reported increased tiredness during on-peak times but when told stress would not impact their scores, suggesting that they invented an alternative self-handicap to excuse anticipated poor performance in the handicap-absent condition. These findings emphasize not only the resource needs required to engage in strategic self-handicapping, but also illustrate that awareness of evaluative concern is intensified when individuals have their full contingent of resources.
Genetics of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a complex multifactorial disease that results from a combination of clinical factors, including lung immaturity, mechanical ventilation, oxidative stress, and pulmonary congestion due to increased cardiac blood shunting, nutritional factors, and inflammation. Twin studies have indicated that susceptibility to BPD is strongly inherited. Many studies have reported association between common genetic variants and BPD in preterm infants. Recent genomic studies have highlighted a potential role for molecular pathways involved in inflammation and lung development in affected infants. Rare mutations in genes encoding the lipid transporter ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 3 (ABCA3 gene) which is involved in surfactant synthesis in alveolar type II cells, as well as surfactant protein B (SFTPB) and C (SFTPC) can also dramatically affect the course of neonatal lung diseases. This chapter summarizes the current state of knowledge on the genetics of BPD.
Therapy and outcomes of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCSNL) in the United States: Analysis of the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB).

2026Background: Although the role of radiation therapy (RT) and chemotherapy (Ch) in PCNSL has undergone a major evolution over the past decade, the application of these modalities in the community...
Form as Structure: It's not so Simple

Hylomorphism is the theory that objects are composites of form and matter. Recently it has been argued that form is structure, or the arrangement of an object's parts. This paper shows that the principle of form cannot be ontologically exhausted by structure. That is, I deny form should be understood just as the arrangement of an object's parts. I do so by showing that structure cannot play the role form is supposed to in a certain domain of objects, specifically, in mereological simples. Thus, I show that Hylomorphism does not reduce to Structuralism. I also draw out some important consequences from my argument for Hylomorphism in general.
Evaluating Company Liquidity- A New Framework

This paper deals with the question: How to evaluate company liquidity? It presents a new framework to evaluate company liquidity, from the point of view of an outside analyst. It talks of liquidity indices instead of conventional current ratio or liquid ratio.
Health care worker perspectives of their motivation to reduce health care-associated infections.

Background Health care–associated infections (HAIs) are largely preventable, but are associated with considerable health care burden. Given the significant cost of HAIs, many health care institutions have implemented bundled interventions to reduce HAIs. These complex behavioral interventions require considerable effort; however, individual behaviors and motivations crucial to successful and sustained implementation have not been adequately assessed. We evaluated health care worker motivations to reduce HAIs. Methods This was a phenomenologic qualitative study of health care workers in different roles within a university hospital, recruited via a snowball strategy. Using constructs from the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research model, face-to-face semi-structured interviews were used to explore perceptions of health care worker motivation to follow protocols on HAI prevention. Results Across all types of health care workers interviewed, patient safety and improvement in clinical outcomes were the major motivators to reducing HAIs. Other important motivators included collaborative environment that valued individual input, transparency and feedback at both organizational and individual levels, leadership involvement, and refresher trainings and workshops. We did not find policy, regulatory considerations, or financial penalties to be important motivators. Conclusions Health care workers perceived patient safety and clinical outcomes as the primary motivators to reduce HAI. Leadership engagement and data-driven interventions with frequent performance feedback were also identified as important facilitators of HAI prevention.
Copper- and chloride-mediated synthesis and optoelectronic trapping of ultra-high aspect ratio palladium nanowires

We present a scalable hydrothermal synthesis of one-dimensional palladium nanostructures from palladium(II) chloride precursor, mediated by the introduction of low concentrations of copper(II) ions and/or sodium chloride. Adding Cu at a molar ratio of ∼1 : 12 500 relative to Pd increases the yield of 1D nanostructures from 10% to 90%. Furthermore, NaCl enhances 1D nanostructure growth such that high yields of long Pd nanowires (PdNWs)—featuring the highest aspect ratios yet reported for solution-grown Pd nanocrystals, with diameters of 20 nm and lengths up to 7 μm—can be achieved in a third of the time required for the synthesis with Cu alone. X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements confirm that the as-synthesized nanowires are indeed metallic crystalline Pd with a 5-fold twinned cross-section. It is hypothesized that the Cu ions scavenge oxygen to suppress etching of the twinned Pd seeds that eventually grow into elongated structures, whereas NaCl improves the solubility of PdCl2 and lowers the reduction rate via formation of the PdCl42− complex, promoting diffusional growth. The high aspect ratio of the PdNWs facilitates their manipulation in an optoelectronic tweezers (OET) device, which we demonstrate as a way to enhance their applicability for catalysis and hydrogen sensing.
Anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty with posterior capsular plication versus reverse shoulder arthroplasty in patients with biconcave glenoids: A matched cohort study.

Purpose:To compare the outcomes of total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) with posterior capsule plication (PCP) and reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) in patients with primary osteoarthritis, posterior subluxation, and bone loss (Walch B2).Patients and methods:All shoulders undergoing anatomic TSA with PCP were retrospectively identified (group 1, G1) and compared to shoulders undergoing RSA (group 2, G2) for Walch B2 osteoarthritis. There were 15 patients in G1 (mean (SD) age and follow-up of 70.5 (7.5) years and 42.8 (18.4) months, respectively) and 16 patients in G2 (mean (SD) age and follow-up of 72.6 (5.4) years and 35.1 (14.2) months, respectively).Results:Both groups had substantial improvements in pain and function. In G1, results were excellent in 80% and satisfactory in 20%, compared to 81% and 6% in G2, respectively (p = 0.2). The mean (SD) American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score was 91.2 (6.7) and 80.3 (14.3) in G1 and G2, respectively (p = 0.08). The mean Simple Shoulder Test score was 10.6 i...
Diagnostic Algorithm for Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders

The diagnostic approach to sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBDs), including obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), begins with a comprehensive sleep evaluation that includes a complete sleep history and a physical examination focused on the upper airway. If the evaluation suggests an SRBD as the cause of the patient's symptoms, diagnostic testing should be performed. Patients at high risk for OSAHS can be studied by either portable monitoring (if available) or in-laboratory polysomnography. Patients with a lower risk for OSAHS, or having risk factors for a different SRBD (such as central sleep apnea) or having a negative portable-monitoring study should be studied in a sleep laboratory.
Normalization of retinal vascular permeability in experimental diabetes with genistein.

Purpose To study the effects of genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on retinal vascular permeability in an experimental diabetic rat model. Methods Seventy-two rats were equally divided into four groups: (1) nondiabetic control group, (2) diabetic control group, (3) diabetic rats receiving 150 mg genistein/kg food, and (4) diabetic rats receiving 300 mg genistein/kg food. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection in the three diabetic groups. Rats were fed diets with or without genistein and followed for 6 months. Retinal vascular permeability was assessed by measuring radiolabeled sucrose leakage into the retina and by Western blot analysis for total retinal albumin. Retinal phosphotyrosine levels and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were also evaluated by Western blot analysis. Results Diabetic control rats had markedly increased retinal vascular leakage of radiolabeled sucrose compared with nondiabetic control rats. Diabetic rats receiving oral genistein had significantly less retinal vascular leakage of radiolabeled sucrose than diabetic control rats in a dose-response fashion. Diabetic control rats had increased levels of phosphotyrosine, retinal albumin, and PCNA by Western blot analysis compared with nondiabetic control rats. Rats receiving 300 mg of genistein had decreased retinal albumin by Western blot analysis. Western blot analysis demonstrated a dose-response decrease in retinal phosphotyrosine levels and PCNA in genistein-treated diabetic rats compared with diabetic control rats. Conclusions Long-term oral administration of genistein significantly inhibits retinal vascular leakage in experimentally induced diabetic rats. Tyrosine kinase inhibition may be a useful pharmacological approach for the treatment of diabetic-induced retinal vascular leakage.
Differential Geometry of Generalized Grassmann Manifolds in C*-Algebras 241

The main goal of this article is to set off and to study some genuine diffential geometric objects that naturally occur in the framework of C*-algebras. The intent was to develop a unified treatment of a few specific situations that were considered by the authors in previous articles (cf. [M3–4], [MS1–2], [S]), as well as by many others (cf. [ARS], [AS], [A], [CPR1–4],[LM],[Ma],[MR],[PR1–2],[W1–3]). The advantage of our present approach seems to be that that instead of certain, more or less, ad-hoc methods, we tried to find an appropriate setting and suitable simple tools which facilitate the introduction of techniques from differential geometry into operator algebras. It should be mentioned that our contribution in this paper is strongly motivated by the program initiated by M. J. Cowen and R. G. Douglas (cf. [CD1–2]). More evidence for these aspects can be found in [S], and also in [M2–3] and [MS1–2].
Towards a Cross-Layer Framework for Accurate Power Modeling of Microprocessor Designs

While state-of-the-art system-level simulators can deliver swift estimation of power dissipation for microprocessor designs, they do so at the expense of reduced accuracy. On the other hand, RTL simulators are typically cycle-accurate but overwhelmingly time consuming for real-life workloads. Consequently, the design community often has to make a compromise between accuracy and speed. In this work, we propose a novel cross-layer approach that can enable accurate power estimation by carefully integrating components from system-level and RTL simulation of the target design. We first leverage the concept of simulation points to transform the workload application and isolate its most critical segments. We then profile the highest weighted simulation point (HWSP) with a RTL simulator (AnyCore) for maximum accuracy, while the rest are simulated with a system-level simulator (gem5) for ensuring fast evaluation. Finally, we combine the integrated set of profiling data as input to the power simulator (McPAT). Our evaluation results for three different SPEC2006 benchmark applications demonstrate that our proposed cross-layer framework can improve the power estimation accuracy by up to 15% for individual simulation points and by ~9% for the full application, compared to that of a conventional system-level simulation scheme.
MODELS | Acutely Dissociated Neurons

Abnormal cellular behavior can contribute to abnormal neuronal network activity, which is the hallmark of epilepsy. The acutely dissociated neuron is a valuable in vitro preparation for the study of cellular activity. Its advantages include superior access to many cellular properties, and exquisite control of the cellular environment. In addition, since this preparation focuses on single neurons, it is an appropriate and useful approach to studying neurons in those circumstances in which regional circuits are difficult to preserve (e.g., in neurosurgical surgical specimens).
A Mixed-Methods Approach to Investigating Proportional Reasoning Understanding in Maker-Based Integrative STEAM Projects

This paper reports findings from a Maker-based STEAM project, investigating how participation in Maker-based activities impact students' understanding of grade-level proportional reasoning state standards. In this pilot implementation, thirty students enrolled in iTEAMS, a semester-long Maker-based integrative STEAM course. Students worked in collaborative teams to complete three projects. Artifacts, final products, and oral presentations were collected from the Geometric Moving Art project and examined for the students' application of proportional reasoning standards and proficiency level demonstrated at the end of the project. Findings revealed that while pre- and post-assessments did not show a significant increase in mean scores, students demonstrated proficient understanding of proportional reasoning standards through their final products and oral presentations.
A Practical Education: Why Liberal Arts Majors Make Great Employees

“the humanities deserve to be seen, in this practically minded age, as the most universally useful of the practical arts” (p. 214).Stross’s book links his defense of the liberal arts by relaying St...
Stomach gastrin is regulated by sodium via PPAR-α and dopamine D1 receptor

Gastrin, secreted by stomach G cells in response to ingested sodium, stimulates the renal cholecystokinin B receptor (CCKBR) to increase renal sodium excretion. It is not known how dietary sodium, independent of food, can increase gastrin secretion in human G cells. However, fenofibrate (FFB), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) agonist, increases gastrin secretion in rodents and several human gastrin-secreting cells, via a gastrin transcriptional promoter. We tested the following hypotheses: (1.) the sodium sensor in G cells plays a critical role in the sodium-mediated increase in gastrin expression/secretion, and (2.) dopamine, via the D1R and PPAR-α, is involved. Intact human stomach antrum and G cells were compared with human gastrin-secreting gastric and ovarian adenocarcinoma cells. When extra- or intracellular sodium was increased in human antrum, human G cells, and adenocarcinoma cells, gastrin mRNA and protein expression/secretion were increased. In human G cells, the PPAR-α agonist FFB increased gastrin protein expression that was blocked by GW6471, a PPAR-α antagonist, and LE300, a D1-like receptor antagonist. LE300 prevented the ability of FFB to increase gastrin protein expression in human G cells via the D1R, because the D5R, the other D1-like receptor, is not expressed in human G cells. Human G cells also express tyrosine hydroxylase and DOPA decarboxylase, enzymes needed to synthesize dopamine. G cells in the stomach may be the sodium sensor that stimulates gastrin secretion, which enables the kidney to eliminate acutely an oral sodium load. Dopamine, via the D1R, by interacting with PPAR-α, is involved in this process.
Sex Differences, Cocaine Use, and Liver Fibrosis Among African Americans in the Miami Adult Studies on HIV Cohort.

Background: HIV infection disproportionally affects African Americans. Liver disease is a major cause of non-HIV morbidity and mortality in this population. Substance abuse accelerates HIV disease ...
From Particles to Parts — Building Artificial Life from Multifunctional Composites

Soft robots have the potential to adapt their morphology, properties, and behavioral control policies towards different tasks or changing environments. This adaptive capability is often inspired by...
“I Didn’t Want to be a Burden”: Improving Interactions between Refugees and Nonprofit Service Providers

As newly resettled refugees integrate into their new communities they often receive services from nonprofit organizations to supplement government assistance. However, there has been little research regarding how nonprofit service providers and refugees interact with one another and perceive these interactions. This qualitative study uses data gathered from 60 first-person, open-ended interviews with refugees and nonprofit service providers to fill this gap. The research questions are: How do refugees being served by nonprofits express their perceptions of the services they receive to nonprofit service providers? To what extent do refugees feel that nonprofit service providers are responsive to their needs? And, how do nonprofit staff and volunteers report responding to the needs of their refugee clients? This article is framed using empowerment theory, where refugee needs and perspectives are at the forefront of service provision decisions
Identifying Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Abnormal Urine Drug Tests in Cancer Pain Patients.

Abstract Context Opioids have become a mainstay treatment for severe cancer pain. Although opioid prescribing has decreased, opioid mortality continues to rise. Utilizing urine drug tests (UDT) can help monitor medication adherence and identify use of unprescribed or illicit substances. Objectives To identify the prevalence of abnormal UDT among oncologic pain patients, associated demographic and clinical factors, and the most common abnormal substances. Methods A retrospective chart review of 2472 patients with a cancer diagnosis and documented UDT in a single center was conducted from January 1, 2018 to February 15, 2020. Multivariable analyses were conducted for 10 baseline patient factors on each of the two primary outcomes—illicit drugs excluding tetrahydrocannabinol and amphetamines and detected-not-prescribed. Results Of the 2472 patients, 840 patients (34%) had abnormal results. For illicit drugs, the significant factors (incidence rate ratio [95% CI]) were age (45-54 vs. ≥ 65 years: 7.27 [2.27-23.23]), race (black vs. white: 2.99 [1.39-6.42]), smoking status (current vs. former: 2.63 [1.41-4.90]); never vs. former: 0.27 (0.10-0.76), and benzodiazepine use (use vs. no use: 2.06 [1.03-4.12]). For detected-not-prescribed, the significant factors (incidence rate ratio [95% CI]) were race (black vs. white: 1.37 [1.01-1.85]), smoking status (current vs. former: 1.27 [1.00-1.62]); never vs. former: 0.82 (0.67-1.00), log-transformed morphine milligram equivalence (1.04 [1.01-1.07]), and benzodiazepine use (use vs. no use: 1.64 [1.35-1.98]). Conclusions This study demonstrates that oncologic pain patients are not a risk-free population for abnormal UDT, thus recommends a UDT with initial opioid prescriptions and annually thereafter, with more frequent tests for patients suspected to be at higher risk for misuse.